{"meta": {"count": 113950, "db_response_time_ms": 378, "page": 1, "per_page": 25, "groups_count": null, "cost_usd": 0.001}, "results": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/W2110167104", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.49.57", "title": "Surface Studies by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy", "display_name": "Surface Studies by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy", "relevance_score": 8334.505, "publication_year": 1982, "publication_date": "1982-07-05", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2110167104", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.49.57", "mag": "2110167104"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevlett.49.57", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.49.57", "pdf_url": "http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.57", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S24807848", "display_name": "Physical Review Letters", "issn_l": "0031-9007", "issn": ["0031-9007", "1079-7114", "1092-0145"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review Letters", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.57", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071169826", "display_name": "G. Binnig", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126328", "display_name": "IBM Research - Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02js37d36", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "G. Binnig", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 R\u00fcschlikon-ZH, Switzerland", "IBM Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 R\u00fcschlikon-ZH, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108397582", "display_name": "H. Rohrer", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126328", "display_name": "IBM Research - Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02js37d36", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "H. Rohrer", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 R\u00fcschlikon-ZH, Switzerland", "IBM Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 R\u00fcschlikon-ZH, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111547447", "display_name": "Ch. Gerber", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126328", "display_name": "IBM Research - Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02js37d36", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ch. Gerber", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 R\u00fcschlikon-ZH, Switzerland", "IBM Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 R\u00fcschlikon-ZH, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090468354", "display_name": "E. Weibel", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126328", "display_name": "IBM Research - Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02js37d36", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "E. Weibel", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 R\u00fcschlikon-ZH, Switzerland", "IBM Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 R\u00fcschlikon-ZH, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5071169826"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"], "apc_list": {"value": 3750, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3750}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 18.5949, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 4624, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99911337, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "49", "issue": "1", "first_page": "57", "last_page": "61"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12588", "display_name": "Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides", "score": 0.9990000128746033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10478", "display_name": "Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research", "score": 0.9986000061035156, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.9016396999359131}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/monatomic-gas", "display_name": "Monatomic gas", "score": 0.746258556842804}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/surface", "display_name": "Surface (topology)", "score": 0.6351384520530701}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-units", "display_name": "Atomic units", "score": 0.5886312127113342}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.5669628381729126}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "score": 0.5583601593971252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-polarized-scanning-tunneling-microscopy", "display_name": "Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy", "score": 0.5513755679130554}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-spectroscopy", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "score": 0.547967255115509}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy", "display_name": "Microscopy", "score": 0.539408802986145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/conductive-atomic-force-microscopy", "display_name": "Conductive atomic force microscopy", "score": 0.5117404460906982}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-reconstruction", "display_name": "Surface reconstruction", "score": 0.49034595489501953}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemical-scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.48401328921318054}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-science", "display_name": "Surface science", "score": 0.4461110532283783}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-probe-microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "score": 0.41162630915641785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "score": 0.37320876121520996}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-physics", "display_name": "Molecular physics", "score": 0.3610496520996094}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.3267512619495392}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.3196294903755188}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-force-microscopy", "display_name": "Atomic force microscopy", "score": 0.27582237124443054}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.2677949070930481}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.1771944761276245}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry", "display_name": "Geometry", "score": 0.10670655965805054}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.08290284872055054}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.9016396999359131}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C46844702", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2656117", "display_name": "Monatomic gas", "level": 2, "score": 0.746258556842804}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776799497", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298", "display_name": "Surface (topology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6351384520530701}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C66823137", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757568", "display_name": "Atomic units", "level": 2, "score": 0.5886312127113342}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5669628381729126}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120398109", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "level": 2, "score": 0.5583601593971252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55143465", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577411", "display_name": "Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy", "level": 4, "score": 0.5513755679130554}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C194577767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651687", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.547967255115509}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147080431", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953", "display_name": "Microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.539408802986145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C206008964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159384", "display_name": "Conductive atomic force microscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.5117404460906982}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C20885615", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q825595", "display_name": "Surface reconstruction", "level": 3, "score": 0.49034595489501953}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C5408304", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357978", "display_name": "Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 4, "score": 0.48401328921318054}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C139378739", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373184", "display_name": "Surface science", "level": 3, "score": 0.4461110532283783}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36628996", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907287", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.41162630915641785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.37320876121520996}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41999313", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489328", "display_name": "Molecular physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3610496520996094}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3267512619495392}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3196294903755188}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C102951782", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49295", "display_name": "Atomic force microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.27582237124443054}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.2677949070930481}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.1771944761276245}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.10670655965805054}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.08290284872055054}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevlett.49.57", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.49.57", "pdf_url": "http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.57", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S24807848", "display_name": "Physical Review Letters", "issn_l": "0031-9007", "issn": ["0031-9007", "1079-7114", "1092-0145"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review Letters", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevlett.49.57", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.49.57", "pdf_url": "http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.57", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S24807848", "display_name": "Physical Review Letters", "issn_l": "0031-9007", "issn": ["0031-9007", "1079-7114", "1092-0145"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review Letters", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.6700000166893005, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11", "display_name": "Sustainable cities and communities"}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G848032724", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Science", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "display_name": "National Science Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337367", "display_name": "Division of Materials Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/01pc7k308"}], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2110167104.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2110167104.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 10, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1518598712", "https://openalex.org/W1685743724", "https://openalex.org/W1983684958", "https://openalex.org/W1997410092", "https://openalex.org/W2032971627", "https://openalex.org/W2044352571", "https://openalex.org/W2045235983", "https://openalex.org/W2082337700", "https://openalex.org/W2102361085", "https://openalex.org/W2161606023"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2055121079", "https://openalex.org/W2079253054", "https://openalex.org/W2004379973", "https://openalex.org/W2736483163", "https://openalex.org/W2071339353", "https://openalex.org/W4235050934", "https://openalex.org/W1993749717", "https://openalex.org/W3035841875", "https://openalex.org/W2080955841", "https://openalex.org/W2110167104"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Surface": [0], "microscopy": [1], "using": [2], "vacuum": [3], "tunneling": [4], "is": [5], "demonstrated": [6], "for": [7, 32], "the": [8], "first": [9], "time.": [10], "Topographic": [11], "pictures": [12], "of": [13, 23, 35], "surfaces": [14, 34], "on": [15], "an": [16], "atomic": [17], "scale": [18], "have": [19], "been": [20], "obtained.": [21], "Examples": [22], "resolved": [24], "monoatomic": [25], "steps": [26], "and": [27, 37], "surface": [28], "reconstructions": [29], "are": [30], "shown": [31], "(110)": [33], "${\\mathrm{CaIrSn}}_{4}$": [36], "Au.": [38]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 81}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 94}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 98}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 90}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 119}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 96}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 102}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 128}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 133}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 128}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 124}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 118}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 140}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 143}], "updated_date": "2026-04-06T07:47:59.780226", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2412866415", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0076-695x(08)x6001-6", "title": "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy", "relevance_score": 5796.522, "publication_year": 1993, "publication_date": "1993-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2412866415", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0076-695x(08)x6001-6", "mag": "2412866415"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/s0076-695x(08)x6001-6", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0076-695x(08)x6001-6", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764853929", "display_name": "Methods of experimental physics", "issn_l": "0076-695X", "issn": ["0076-695X", "1875-6514"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "book series"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Methods in Experimental Physics", "raw_type": "book"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 31.6608, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 1785, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99688474, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 90, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12466", "display_name": "Near-Field Optical Microscopy", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11449", "display_name": "Mechanical and Optical Resonators", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.7084976434707642}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.5228065252304077}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy", "display_name": "Microscopy", "score": 0.44099557399749756}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.38454103469848633}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.20924139022827148}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.19610488414764404}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.7084976434707642}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5228065252304077}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147080431", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953", "display_name": "Microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.44099557399749756}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.38454103469848633}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.20924139022827148}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.19610488414764404}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/s0076-695x(08)x6001-6", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0076-695x(08)x6001-6", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764853929", "display_name": "Methods of experimental physics", "issn_l": "0076-695X", "issn": ["0076-695X", "1875-6514"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "book series"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Methods in Experimental Physics", "raw_type": "book"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 17, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1592171891", "https://openalex.org/W1967251099", "https://openalex.org/W1978620614", "https://openalex.org/W1985854442", "https://openalex.org/W2005115658", "https://openalex.org/W2005798029", "https://openalex.org/W2006769216", "https://openalex.org/W2017111366", "https://openalex.org/W2032851074", "https://openalex.org/W2032971627", "https://openalex.org/W2035120147", "https://openalex.org/W2037306227", "https://openalex.org/W2057524231", "https://openalex.org/W2067326868", "https://openalex.org/W2083919021", "https://openalex.org/W2110167104", "https://openalex.org/W4233837859"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4246450666", "https://openalex.org/W2898370298", "https://openalex.org/W4388998267", "https://openalex.org/W2744391499", "https://openalex.org/W3120461830", "https://openalex.org/W4230250635", "https://openalex.org/W3041790586", "https://openalex.org/W2018879842", "https://openalex.org/W3144504424", "https://openalex.org/W2325423348"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 16}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 19}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 16}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 36}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 38}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 66}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 52}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 60}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 63}], "updated_date": "2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2005798029", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(83)90716-1", "title": "Scanning tunneling microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscopy", "relevance_score": 4824.8345, "publication_year": 1983, "publication_date": "1983-03-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2005798029", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(83)90716-1", "mag": "2005798029"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0039-6028(83)90716-1", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(83)90716-1", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137865625", "display_name": "Surface Science", "issn_l": "0039-6028", "issn": ["0039-6028", "1879-2758"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Surface Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071169826", "display_name": "G. Binnig", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126328", "display_name": "IBM Research - Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02js37d36", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "G. Binnig", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-88003 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-88003 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108397582", "display_name": "H. Rohrer", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126328", "display_name": "IBM Research - Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02js37d36", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "H. Rohrer", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-88003 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-88003 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5071169826"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"], "apc_list": {"value": 3120, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3120}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 16.8592, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 933, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99834647, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "126", "issue": "1-3", "first_page": "236", "last_page": "244"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13552", "display_name": "Advanced Materials Characterization Techniques", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13531", "display_name": "Surface and Thin Film Phenomena", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.9414854049682617}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-spectroscopy", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "score": 0.7217884063720703}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "score": 0.6307646632194519}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-polarized-scanning-tunneling-microscopy", "display_name": "Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy", "score": 0.613257110118866}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/work-function", "display_name": "Work function", "score": 0.6058065295219421}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemical-scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.6043649315834045}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy", "display_name": "Microscopy", "score": 0.49893999099731445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.4966619610786438}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.4600614607334137}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-ion-conductance-microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning ion-conductance microscopy", "score": 0.45761197805404663}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-high-vacuum", "display_name": "Ultra-high vacuum", "score": 0.41653937101364136}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.3581596612930298}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.3488832116127014}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-confocal-electron-microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning confocal electron microscopy", "score": 0.26962658762931824}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.22437214851379395}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.21222949028015137}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.9414854049682617}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C194577767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651687", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.7217884063720703}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120398109", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "level": 2, "score": 0.6307646632194519}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55143465", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577411", "display_name": "Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy", "level": 4, "score": 0.613257110118866}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115235246", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800", "display_name": "Work function", "level": 3, "score": 0.6058065295219421}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C5408304", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357978", "display_name": "Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 4, "score": 0.6043649315834045}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147080431", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953", "display_name": "Microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.49893999099731445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4966619610786438}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4600614607334137}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C16777580", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430068", "display_name": "Scanning ion-conductance microscopy", "level": 4, "score": 0.45761197805404663}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C82225425", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7880334", "display_name": "Ultra-high vacuum", "level": 2, "score": 0.41653937101364136}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.3581596612930298}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3488832116127014}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C187921700", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430074", "display_name": "Scanning confocal electron microscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.26962658762931824}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.22437214851379395}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.21222949028015137}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779227376", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497", "display_name": "Layer (electronics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0039-6028(83)90716-1", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(83)90716-1", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137865625", "display_name": "Surface Science", "issn_l": "0039-6028", "issn": ["0039-6028", "1879-2758"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Surface Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 26, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1963851397", "https://openalex.org/W1978620614", "https://openalex.org/W1983684958", "https://openalex.org/W1998638974", "https://openalex.org/W2000726168", "https://openalex.org/W2005115658", "https://openalex.org/W2011035383", "https://openalex.org/W2014131758", "https://openalex.org/W2015758242", "https://openalex.org/W2023398212", "https://openalex.org/W2027836762", "https://openalex.org/W2029556014", "https://openalex.org/W2032851074", "https://openalex.org/W2032971627", "https://openalex.org/W2035120147", "https://openalex.org/W2041910908", "https://openalex.org/W2048457858", "https://openalex.org/W2057524231", "https://openalex.org/W2060198141", "https://openalex.org/W2067326868", "https://openalex.org/W2073782888", "https://openalex.org/W2075399480", "https://openalex.org/W2083919021", "https://openalex.org/W2110167104", "https://openalex.org/W2412866415", "https://openalex.org/W4254260635"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2079253054", "https://openalex.org/W2078095192", "https://openalex.org/W2736483163", "https://openalex.org/W2071339353", "https://openalex.org/W2976399150", "https://openalex.org/W2004379973", "https://openalex.org/W4210360428", "https://openalex.org/W2000672732", "https://openalex.org/W2086191953", "https://openalex.org/W2021726762"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 30}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 52}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 36}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 35}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 65}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 33}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 30}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 37}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 33}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 19}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 24}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 25}], "updated_date": "2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1983631682", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.59.615", "title": "Scanning tunneling microscopy\u2014from birth to adolescence", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscopy\u2014from birth to adolescence", "relevance_score": 4323.717, "publication_year": 1987, "publication_date": "1987-07-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1983631682", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.59.615", "mag": "1983631682"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/revmodphys.59.615", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.59.615", "pdf_url": "http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/RevModPhys.59.615", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S73260565", "display_name": "Reviews of Modern Physics", "issn_l": "0034-6861", "issn": ["0034-6861", "1538-4527", "1539-0756"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Reviews of Modern Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/RevModPhys.59.615", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071169826", "display_name": "G. Binnig", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126328", "display_name": "IBM Research - Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02js37d36", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Gerd Binnig", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Research Division, Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory, 8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "IBM Research Division, Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory , 8803, R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Research Division, Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory, 8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Research Division, Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory , 8803, R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108397582", "display_name": "H. Rohrer", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126328", "display_name": "IBM Research - Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02js37d36", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Heinrich Rohrer", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Research Division, Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory, 8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "IBM Research Division, Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory , 8803, R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Research Division, Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory, 8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Research Division, Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory , 8803, R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5071169826"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 14.727, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 1055, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99573264, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "59", "issue": "3", "first_page": "615", "last_page": "625"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11449", "display_name": "Mechanical and Optical Resonators", "score": 0.9984999895095825, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12466", "display_name": "Near-Field Optical Microscopy", "score": 0.9976999759674072, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.8291432857513428}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.587149441242218}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-force-microscopy", "display_name": "Atomic force microscopy", "score": 0.5635625720024109}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.4987831115722656}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-probe-microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "score": 0.48668819665908813}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy", "display_name": "Microscopy", "score": 0.4655967652797699}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/conductive-atomic-force-microscopy", "display_name": "Conductive atomic force microscopy", "score": 0.4551352262496948}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "score": 0.19715675711631775}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.17540687322616577}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.16151583194732666}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.8291432857513428}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.587149441242218}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C102951782", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49295", "display_name": "Atomic force microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.5635625720024109}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4987831115722656}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36628996", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907287", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.48668819665908813}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147080431", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953", "display_name": "Microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.4655967652797699}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C206008964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159384", "display_name": "Conductive atomic force microscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.4551352262496948}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.19715675711631775}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.17540687322616577}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.16151583194732666}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/revmodphys.59.615", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.59.615", "pdf_url": "http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/RevModPhys.59.615", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S73260565", "display_name": "Reviews of Modern Physics", "issn_l": "0034-6861", "issn": ["0034-6861", "1538-4527", "1539-0756"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Reviews of Modern Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/revmodphys.59.615", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.59.615", "pdf_url": "http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/RevModPhys.59.615", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S73260565", "display_name": "Reviews of Modern Physics", "issn_l": "0034-6861", "issn": ["0034-6861", "1538-4527", "1539-0756"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Reviews of Modern Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.5, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11", "display_name": "Sustainable cities and communities"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1983631682.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1983631682.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 55, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1966848192", "https://openalex.org/W1970217613", "https://openalex.org/W1972068936", "https://openalex.org/W1981626865", "https://openalex.org/W1986880960", "https://openalex.org/W1989336153", "https://openalex.org/W1991204690", "https://openalex.org/W1998358575", "https://openalex.org/W2000661122", "https://openalex.org/W2001134004", "https://openalex.org/W2003263391", "https://openalex.org/W2005115658", "https://openalex.org/W2005798029", "https://openalex.org/W2008115612", "https://openalex.org/W2008518799", "https://openalex.org/W2011035383", "https://openalex.org/W2018871530", "https://openalex.org/W2024005524", "https://openalex.org/W2026001058", "https://openalex.org/W2027025586", "https://openalex.org/W2027318685", "https://openalex.org/W2028835559", "https://openalex.org/W2029556014", "https://openalex.org/W2032971627", "https://openalex.org/W2035748430", "https://openalex.org/W2037306227", "https://openalex.org/W2041216624", "https://openalex.org/W2042121841", "https://openalex.org/W2044556925", "https://openalex.org/W2044997231", "https://openalex.org/W2050086101", "https://openalex.org/W2057524231", "https://openalex.org/W2059600423", "https://openalex.org/W2060198141", "https://openalex.org/W2065246226", "https://openalex.org/W2067326868", "https://openalex.org/W2068559566", "https://openalex.org/W2071091745", "https://openalex.org/W2072620858", "https://openalex.org/W2081784115", "https://openalex.org/W2083874116", "https://openalex.org/W2083919021", "https://openalex.org/W2090165637", "https://openalex.org/W2110167104", "https://openalex.org/W2120656311", "https://openalex.org/W2144090528", "https://openalex.org/W2160108783", "https://openalex.org/W2285201908", "https://openalex.org/W2912652869", "https://openalex.org/W3150248096", "https://openalex.org/W4232760999", "https://openalex.org/W4233837859", "https://openalex.org/W4239688488", "https://openalex.org/W4246588023", "https://openalex.org/W4251709364"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2893231799", "https://openalex.org/W2802217751", "https://openalex.org/W88948087", "https://openalex.org/W121510295", "https://openalex.org/W1501322398", "https://openalex.org/W1486910393", "https://openalex.org/W3143491025", "https://openalex.org/W1541063877", "https://openalex.org/W2793088195", "https://openalex.org/W1559834722"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"We": [0], "present": [1], "here": [2], "the": [3, 11, 38, 47], "historic": [4], "development": [5], "of": [6, 49, 62], "Scanning": [7], "Tunneling": [8], "Microscopy": [9], "(STM);": [10], "physical": [12], "and": [13, 25, 29, 77], "technical": [14, 42], "aspects": [15], "have": [16], "already": [17], "been": [18], "covered": [19], "in": [20, 37], "a": [21, 60, 90], "few": [22], "recent": [23], "reviews": [24], "two": [26], "conference": [27], "proceedings'": [28], "many": [30], "others": [31], "are": [32], "ex-": [33], "pected": [34], "to": [35], "follow": [36], "near": [39], "future.": [40], "A": [41], "summary": [43], "is": [44, 56], "given": [45], "by": [46, 57], "sequence": [48], "figures,": [50], "which": [51], "stands": [52], "alone.": [53], "Our": [54], "narrative": [55], "no": [58], "means": [59], "recommendation": [61], "how": [63, 74], "research": [64], "should": [65], "be": [66, 85], "done;": [67], "it": [68, 82, 88], "simply": [69], "reflects": [70], "what": [71, 78], "we": [72, 75, 79], "thought,": [73], "acted,": [76], "felt.": [80], "However,": [81], "would": [83], "certainly": [84], "gratifying": [86], "if": [87], "encouraged": [89], "more": [91], "re-": [92], "laxed": [93], "attitude": [94], "towards": [95], "doing": [96], "science.": [97]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 49}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 43}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 30}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 31}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 62}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 45}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 23}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 28}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 31}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 25}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 33}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 23}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 30}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 35}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2082397017", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/1044-5803(94)90067-1", "title": "Introduction to scanning tunneling microscopy", "display_name": "Introduction to scanning tunneling microscopy", "relevance_score": 4305.2183, "publication_year": 1994, "publication_date": "1994-07-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2082397017", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/1044-5803(94)90067-1", "mag": "2082397017"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/1044-5803(94)90067-1", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/1044-5803(94)90067-1", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S53842986", "display_name": "Materials Characterization", "issn_l": "1044-5803", "issn": ["1044-5803", "1873-4189"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Materials Characterization", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": {"value": 3340, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3340}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 25.0025, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 990, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99919429, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 94, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "33", "issue": "1", "first_page": "85", "last_page": "85"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11449", "display_name": "Mechanical and Optical Resonators", "score": 0.9994000196456909, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10857", "display_name": "Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9968000054359436, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1315", "display_name": "Structural Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.8655913472175598}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-spectroscopy", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "score": 0.8009858727455139}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-polarized-scanning-tunneling-microscopy", "display_name": "Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy", "score": 0.7279922366142273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/conductive-atomic-force-microscopy", "display_name": "Conductive atomic force microscopy", "score": 0.6840121746063232}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "score": 0.6608724594116211}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.6608244180679321}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-units", "display_name": "Atomic units", "score": 0.6209834814071655}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemical-scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.52059006690979}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-probe-microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "score": 0.5044983625411987}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.4364446997642517}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanner", "display_name": "Scanner", "score": 0.42386043071746826}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-force-microscopy", "display_name": "Atomic force microscopy", "score": 0.3986533284187317}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.31309109926223755}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.2924305200576782}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.2112317681312561}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.10677021741867065}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.8655913472175598}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C194577767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651687", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.8009858727455139}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55143465", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577411", "display_name": "Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy", "level": 4, "score": 0.7279922366142273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C206008964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159384", "display_name": "Conductive atomic force microscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.6840121746063232}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120398109", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "level": 2, "score": 0.6608724594116211}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6608244180679321}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C66823137", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757568", "display_name": "Atomic units", "level": 2, "score": 0.6209834814071655}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C5408304", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357978", "display_name": "Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 4, "score": 0.52059006690979}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36628996", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907287", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.5044983625411987}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4364446997642517}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779751349", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474480", "display_name": "Scanner", "level": 2, "score": 0.42386043071746826}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C102951782", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49295", "display_name": "Atomic force microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.3986533284187317}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.31309109926223755}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.2924305200576782}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.2112317681312561}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.10677021741867065}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/1044-5803(94)90067-1", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/1044-5803(94)90067-1", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S53842986", "display_name": "Materials Characterization", "issn_l": "1044-5803", "issn": ["1044-5803", "1873-4189"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Materials Characterization", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 18, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W264891673", "https://openalex.org/W1496980471", "https://openalex.org/W1604022724", "https://openalex.org/W1966836232", "https://openalex.org/W1971701163", "https://openalex.org/W1983631682", "https://openalex.org/W1983684958", "https://openalex.org/W1987611954", "https://openalex.org/W1989157562", "https://openalex.org/W1989336153", "https://openalex.org/W2026480042", "https://openalex.org/W2028427307", "https://openalex.org/W2039146500", "https://openalex.org/W2067717195", "https://openalex.org/W2083919021", "https://openalex.org/W2110167104", "https://openalex.org/W2144634347", "https://openalex.org/W3150248096"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2736483163", "https://openalex.org/W2071339353", "https://openalex.org/W2078095192", "https://openalex.org/W2079253054", "https://openalex.org/W2004379973", "https://openalex.org/W2976399150", "https://openalex.org/W4210360428", "https://openalex.org/W3035841875", "https://openalex.org/W2083705385", "https://openalex.org/W2883277329"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 44}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 32}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 32}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 26}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 28}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 46}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 42}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 49}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 37}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 37}], "updated_date": "2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2022511777", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.34.5343", "title": "Scanning tunneling microscopy of Si(001)", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscopy of Si(001)", "relevance_score": 3987.119, "publication_year": 1986, "publication_date": "1986-10-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2022511777", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.34.5343", "mag": "2022511777", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9940366"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.34.5343", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.34.5343", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174675", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "issn_l": "0163-1829", "issn": ["0163-1829", "1095-3795"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5044102686", "display_name": "Robert J. Hamers", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3821-9625"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "display_name": "IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/0265w5591", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "R. J. Hamers", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598", "IBM Thomas J. watson Research Center"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Thomas J. watson Research Center", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026224614", "display_name": "R. M. Tromp", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-2647"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "display_name": "IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/0265w5591", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "R. M. Tromp", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598", "IBM Thomas J. watson Research Center"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Thomas J. watson Research Center", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5077464603", "display_name": "J. E. Demuth", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0408-0656"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "display_name": "IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/0265w5591", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. E. Demuth", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598", "IBM Thomas J. watson Research Center"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Thomas J. watson Research Center", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5044102686"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 19.1256, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 851, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99840383, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 90, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "34", "issue": "8", "first_page": "5343", "last_page": "5357"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13531", "display_name": "Surface and Thin Film Phenomena", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13552", "display_name": "Advanced Materials Characterization Techniques", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.898391842842102}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/vacancy-defect", "display_name": "Vacancy defect", "score": 0.6468439102172852}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/annealing", "display_name": "Annealing (glass)", "score": 0.6298421621322632}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.6271273493766785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/faceting", "display_name": "Faceting", "score": 0.6212983727455139}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dimer", "display_name": "Dimer", "score": 0.5131247639656067}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "score": 0.49194833636283875}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-reconstruction", "display_name": "Surface reconstruction", "score": 0.4668337404727936}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallography", "display_name": "Crystallography", "score": 0.4344381093978882}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-physics", "display_name": "Molecular physics", "score": 0.37596216797828674}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/surface", "display_name": "Surface (topology)", "score": 0.2628673315048218}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.261410653591156}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.24617230892181396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-magnetic-resonance", "display_name": "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "score": 0.158564954996109}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.14134609699249268}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry", "display_name": "Geometry", "score": 0.09593948721885681}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.898391842842102}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C114221277", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899743", "display_name": "Vacancy defect", "level": 2, "score": 0.6468439102172852}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777855556", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339544", "display_name": "Annealing (glass)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6298421621322632}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6271273493766785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C113231013", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3064125", "display_name": "Faceting", "level": 2, "score": 0.6212983727455139}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779546866", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531306", "display_name": "Dimer", "level": 2, "score": 0.5131247639656067}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.49194833636283875}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C20885615", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q825595", "display_name": "Surface reconstruction", "level": 3, "score": 0.4668337404727936}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8010536", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398", "display_name": "Crystallography", "level": 1, "score": 0.4344381093978882}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41999313", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489328", "display_name": "Molecular physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.37596216797828674}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776799497", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298", "display_name": "Surface (topology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.2628673315048218}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.261410653591156}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.24617230892181396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C46141821", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402", "display_name": "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "level": 1, "score": 0.158564954996109}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.14134609699249268}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.09593948721885681}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790", "display_name": "Composite material", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.34.5343", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.34.5343", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174675", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "issn_l": "0163-1829", "issn": ["0163-1829", "1095-3795"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:9940366", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9940366", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.5400000214576721, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11", "display_name": "Sustainable cities and communities"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 50, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1967698310", "https://openalex.org/W1968045933", "https://openalex.org/W1974664861", "https://openalex.org/W1977973449", "https://openalex.org/W1979654866", "https://openalex.org/W1981003329", "https://openalex.org/W1987495202", "https://openalex.org/W1990188441", "https://openalex.org/W1992954706", "https://openalex.org/W1993847057", "https://openalex.org/W1995650948", "https://openalex.org/W2001272914", "https://openalex.org/W2007551002", "https://openalex.org/W2008597722", "https://openalex.org/W2010375817", "https://openalex.org/W2017374384", "https://openalex.org/W2017994087", "https://openalex.org/W2020181630", "https://openalex.org/W2020983705", "https://openalex.org/W2021678748", "https://openalex.org/W2023659673", "https://openalex.org/W2034177524", "https://openalex.org/W2038984510", "https://openalex.org/W2040306273", "https://openalex.org/W2043709617", "https://openalex.org/W2044174169", "https://openalex.org/W2047403903", "https://openalex.org/W2049544639", "https://openalex.org/W2050086101", "https://openalex.org/W2051256374", "https://openalex.org/W2062256266", "https://openalex.org/W2062677926", "https://openalex.org/W2063772550", "https://openalex.org/W2066038783", "https://openalex.org/W2066901269", "https://openalex.org/W2068248872", "https://openalex.org/W2068760557", "https://openalex.org/W2071701829", "https://openalex.org/W2073589313", "https://openalex.org/W2074045165", "https://openalex.org/W2074466210", "https://openalex.org/W2075061347", "https://openalex.org/W2079645233", "https://openalex.org/W2086154268", "https://openalex.org/W2086798543", "https://openalex.org/W2091795278", "https://openalex.org/W2096516455", "https://openalex.org/W2285201908", "https://openalex.org/W3176947949", "https://openalex.org/W4211023340"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1986189660", "https://openalex.org/W4295538638", "https://openalex.org/W4301418560", "https://openalex.org/W1978010929", "https://openalex.org/W2040995370", "https://openalex.org/W4300849701", "https://openalex.org/W2080099677", "https://openalex.org/W2046853474", "https://openalex.org/W2037277430", "https://openalex.org/W2033438137"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 17, 49, 71], "atomic": [1, 77], "structure": [2, 78], "of": [3, 12, 43, 55, 65], "the": [4, 66, 76, 87], "Si(001)": [5], "surface": [6, 50], "has": [7, 51], "been": [8], "examined": [9], "with": [10, 27], "use": [11], "scanning": [13], "tunneling": [14], "microscopy": [15], "(STM).": [16], "STM": [18, 72], "images": [19, 73], "reveal": [20, 75], "a": [21, 52], "dimer-type": [22], "reconstruction": [23], "and": [24, 29, 34, 46, 81], "are": [25, 37], "inconsistent": [26], "chain": [28], "vacancy": [30], "models.": [31], "Both": [32], "buckled": [33], "nonbuckled": [35], "dimers": [36, 67], "observed,": [38], "giving": [39], "rise": [40], "to": [41, 60, 94], "regions": [42], "(2\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}1),": [44], "c(4\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}2),": [45], "p(2\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}2)": [47], "symmetry.": [48], "high": [53, 84], "density": [54, 89], "vacancy-type": [56], "defects,": [57], "which": [58], "appear": [59], "induce": [61], "or": [62], "stabilize": [63], "buckling": [64], "at": [68, 79], "room": [69], "temperature.": [70], "also": [74], "steps": [80], "defects.": [82], "At": [83], "annealing": [85], "temperature": [86], "step": [88], "increases": [90], "dramatically,": [91], "eventually": [92], "leading": [93], "faceting.": [95]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 11}], "updated_date": "2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2102220765", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2968", "title": "Scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy of ultra-flat graphene on hexagonal boron nitride", "display_name": "Scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy of ultra-flat graphene on hexagonal boron nitride", "relevance_score": 3921.283, "publication_year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-02-13", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2102220765", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2968", "mag": "2102220765", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21317900"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/nmat2968", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2968", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S103895331", "display_name": "Nature Materials", "issn_l": "1476-1122", "issn": ["1476-1122", "1476-4660"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "letter", "indexed_in": ["arxiv", "crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1102.2642", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002534559", "display_name": "Jiamin Xue", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1892-1743"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I138006243", "display_name": "University of Arizona", "ror": "https://ror.org/03m2x1q45", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jiamin Xue", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5069010166", "display_name": "Javier Sanchez-Yamagishi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9703-6525"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I63966007", "display_name": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/042nb2s44", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Javier Sanchez-Yamagishi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA", "Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5036199217", "display_name": "Daniel Bulmash", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-4531"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I63966007", "display_name": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/042nb2s44", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Danny Bulmash", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA", "Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045471214", "display_name": "Philippe Jacquod", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-3535"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I138006243", "display_name": "University of Arizona", "ror": "https://ror.org/03m2x1q45", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Philippe Jacquod", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA", "Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA", "Department of Physics, University of Arizona,#R#          Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Arizona,#R#          Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078679266", "display_name": "Aparna Deshpande", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-242X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I138006243", "display_name": "University of Arizona", "ror": "https://ror.org/03m2x1q45", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I111979921", "display_name": "Northwestern University", "ror": "https://ror.org/000e0be47", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Aparna Deshpande", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA", "Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208 USA,"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208 USA,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045096283", "display_name": "Kenji Watanabe", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I205401836", "display_name": "National Institute for Materials Science", "ror": "https://ror.org/026v1ze26", "country_code": "JP", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205401836"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "K. Watanabe", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan", "Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science , Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205401836"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science , Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205401836"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041573207", "display_name": "Takashi Taniguchi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I205401836", "display_name": "National Institute for Materials Science", "ror": "https://ror.org/026v1ze26", "country_code": "JP", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205401836"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "T. Taniguchi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan", "Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science , Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205401836"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science , Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205401836"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058224422", "display_name": "Pablo Jarillo\u2010Herrero", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8217-8213"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I63966007", "display_name": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/042nb2s44", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pablo Jarillo-Herrero", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA", "Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031129890", "display_name": "Brian J. LeRoy", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1610-5424"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I138006243", "display_name": "University of Arizona", "ror": "https://ror.org/03m2x1q45", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Brian J. LeRoy", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 9, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5002534559"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I138006243"], "apc_list": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 56.8424, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 1321, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99963289, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "10", "issue": "4", "first_page": "282", "last_page": "285"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10083", "display_name": "Graphene research and applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10083", "display_name": "Graphene research and applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10074", "display_name": "Carbon Nanotubes in Composites", "score": 0.9987000226974487, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10382", "display_name": "Quantum and electron transport phenomena", "score": 0.9987000226974487, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hexagonal-boron-nitride", "display_name": "Hexagonal boron nitride", "score": 0.7880719900131226}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene", "display_name": "Graphene", "score": 0.7442294359207153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.6678247451782227}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/boron-nitride", "display_name": "Boron nitride", "score": 0.6413350105285645}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy", "display_name": "Spectroscopy", "score": 0.6089017987251282}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy", "display_name": "Microscopy", "score": 0.5656076073646545}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/boron", "display_name": "Boron", "score": 0.5542610287666321}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.49471160769462585}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "score": 0.4816416800022125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hexagonal-crystal-system", "display_name": "Hexagonal crystal system", "score": 0.4810514748096466}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.4401404857635498}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.3609519898891449}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.23448914289474487}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallography", "display_name": "Crystallography", "score": 0.2188713252544403}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.19379305839538574}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.10085189342498779}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.03782424330711365}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2991998659", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410193", "display_name": "Hexagonal boron nitride", "level": 3, "score": 0.7880719900131226}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C30080830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917", "display_name": "Graphene", "level": 2, "score": 0.7442294359207153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6678247451782227}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780243435", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410193", "display_name": "Boron nitride", "level": 2, "score": 0.6413350105285645}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C32891209", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666", "display_name": "Spectroscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.6089017987251282}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147080431", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953", "display_name": "Microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.5656076073646545}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C501308230", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618", "display_name": "Boron", "level": 2, "score": 0.5542610287666321}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.49471160769462585}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120398109", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "level": 2, "score": 0.4816416800022125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C128765274", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663314", "display_name": "Hexagonal crystal system", "level": 2, "score": 0.4810514748096466}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4401404857635498}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3609519898891449}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.23448914289474487}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8010536", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398", "display_name": "Crystallography", "level": 1, "score": 0.2188713252544403}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.19379305839538574}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.10085189342498779}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.03782424330711365}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/nmat2968", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2968", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S103895331", "display_name": "Nature Materials", "issn_l": "1476-1122", "issn": ["1476-1122", "1476-4660"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:21317900", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21317900", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature materials", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1102.2642", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/1102.2642", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1102.2642", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/76347", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76347", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400425", "display_name": "DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I63966007", "host_organization_name": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "arXiv", "raw_type": "http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1102.2642", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/1102.2642", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1102.2642", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.8199999928474426, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7", "display_name": "Affordable and clean energy"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 33, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W86933271", "https://openalex.org/W1568899063", "https://openalex.org/W1598925253", "https://openalex.org/W1635273272", "https://openalex.org/W1973364912", "https://openalex.org/W1986361365", "https://openalex.org/W2014935324", "https://openalex.org/W2024370121", "https://openalex.org/W2033738220", "https://openalex.org/W2039062869", "https://openalex.org/W2044590816", "https://openalex.org/W2072923279", "https://openalex.org/W2073861147", "https://openalex.org/W2093272978", "https://openalex.org/W2105685140", "https://openalex.org/W2113877978", "https://openalex.org/W2115581621", "https://openalex.org/W2123070389", "https://openalex.org/W2129515233", "https://openalex.org/W2133987216", "https://openalex.org/W2134233006", "https://openalex.org/W2141484758", "https://openalex.org/W2144973699", "https://openalex.org/W2148699021", "https://openalex.org/W2150486237", "https://openalex.org/W2157420668", "https://openalex.org/W2170068899", "https://openalex.org/W2170539287", "https://openalex.org/W2328241741", "https://openalex.org/W2329492785", "https://openalex.org/W3100933255", "https://openalex.org/W3103394764", "https://openalex.org/W4238609058"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2382198941", "https://openalex.org/W2012959172", "https://openalex.org/W1995707634", "https://openalex.org/W2740243652", "https://openalex.org/W2025480516", "https://openalex.org/W4232318839", "https://openalex.org/W2182626056", "https://openalex.org/W3182877397", "https://openalex.org/W2068525508", "https://openalex.org/W3089234692"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 45}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 49}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 66}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 75}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 57}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 113}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 87}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 105}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 122}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 125}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 111}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 123}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 97}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 99}], "updated_date": "2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2150705598", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1039/b206566p", "title": "Two-dimensional supramolecular self-assembly probed by scanning tunneling microscopy", "display_name": "Two-dimensional supramolecular self-assembly probed by scanning tunneling microscopy", "relevance_score": 3767.7412, "publication_year": 2003, "publication_date": "2003-04-02", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2150705598", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1039/b206566p", "mag": "2150705598", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12792937"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1039/b206566p", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/b206566p", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S316438", "display_name": "Chemical Society Reviews", "issn_l": "0306-0012", "issn": ["0306-0012", "1460-4744"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320556", "host_organization_name": "Royal Society of Chemistry", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Royal Society of Chemistry"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Chemical Society Reviews", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068870927", "display_name": "Steven De Feyter", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0909-9292"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I99464096", "display_name": "KU Leuven", "ror": "https://ror.org/05f950310", "country_code": "BE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}], "countries": ["BE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Steven De Feyter", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium", "Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, Heverlee, Belgium"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, Heverlee, Belgium", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109182230", "display_name": "Frans C. De Schryver", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I99464096", "display_name": "KU Leuven", "ror": "https://ror.org/05f950310", "country_code": "BE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}], "countries": ["BE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Frans C. De Schryver", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, Heverlee, Belgium"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, Heverlee, Belgium", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5068870927"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I99464096"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 46.5088, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 1016, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99958802, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "32", "issue": "3", "first_page": "139", "last_page": "150"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12285", "display_name": "Surface Chemistry and Catalysis", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12285", "display_name": "Surface Chemistry and Catalysis", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10913", "display_name": "Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/supramolecular-chemistry", "display_name": "Supramolecular chemistry", "score": 0.9170828461647034}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.8795260190963745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.7555904984474182}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-probe-microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "score": 0.7105780839920044}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy", "display_name": "Microscopy", "score": 0.6082282662391663}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/self-assembly", "display_name": "Self-assembly", "score": 0.4814831018447876}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-ion-conductance-microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning ion-conductance microscopy", "score": 0.45042264461517334}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.4421829283237457}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-force-microscopy", "display_name": "Atomic force microscopy", "score": 0.41567927598953247}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.3994654715061188}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallography", "display_name": "Crystallography", "score": 0.23368823528289795}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-confocal-electron-microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning confocal electron microscopy", "score": 0.23104393482208252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.1720404326915741}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.13682064414024353}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C93275456", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756449", "display_name": "Supramolecular chemistry", "level": 3, "score": 0.9170828461647034}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.8795260190963745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.7555904984474182}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36628996", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907287", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.7105780839920044}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147080431", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953", "display_name": "Microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.6082282662391663}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26856880", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910150", "display_name": "Self-assembly", "level": 2, "score": 0.4814831018447876}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C16777580", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430068", "display_name": "Scanning ion-conductance microscopy", "level": 4, "score": 0.45042264461517334}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4421829283237457}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C102951782", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49295", "display_name": "Atomic force microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.41567927598953247}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.3994654715061188}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8010536", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398", "display_name": "Crystallography", "level": 1, "score": 0.23368823528289795}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C187921700", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430074", "display_name": "Scanning confocal electron microscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.23104393482208252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.1720404326915741}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.13682064414024353}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115624301", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895901", "display_name": "Crystal structure", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000327", "descriptor_name": "Adsorption", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000327", "descriptor_name": "Adsorption", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000327", "descriptor_name": "Adsorption", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003545", "descriptor_name": "Cysteine", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003545", "descriptor_name": "Cysteine", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003545", "descriptor_name": "Cysteine", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006860", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogen Bonding", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006860", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogen Bonding", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006860", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogen Bonding", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011166", "descriptor_name": "Porphyrins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011166", "descriptor_name": "Porphyrins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011166", "descriptor_name": "Porphyrins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013237", "descriptor_name": "Stereoisomerism", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013237", "descriptor_name": "Stereoisomerism", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013237", "descriptor_name": "Stereoisomerism", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016252", "descriptor_name": "Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016252", "descriptor_name": "Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016252", "descriptor_name": "Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D036103", "descriptor_name": "Nanotechnology", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D036103", "descriptor_name": "Nanotechnology", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D036103", "descriptor_name": "Nanotechnology", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1039/b206566p", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/b206566p", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S316438", "display_name": "Chemical Society Reviews", "issn_l": "0306-0012", "issn": ["0306-0012", "1460-4744"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320556", "host_organization_name": "Royal Society of Chemistry", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Royal Society of Chemistry"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Chemical Society Reviews", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:12792937", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12792937", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Chemical Society reviews", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.467.5727", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.467.5727", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.chem.kuleuven.be/research/mds/PDF PUBLICATIONS/ChemSocRev 2003.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.5600000023841858, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11", "display_name": "Sustainable cities and communities"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 41, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1522268313", "https://openalex.org/W1963568558", "https://openalex.org/W1983382833", "https://openalex.org/W1998920258", "https://openalex.org/W2007416174", "https://openalex.org/W2016147237", "https://openalex.org/W2019703518", "https://openalex.org/W2021063009", "https://openalex.org/W2022311483", "https://openalex.org/W2022461007", "https://openalex.org/W2032603203", "https://openalex.org/W2035023553", "https://openalex.org/W2035167135", "https://openalex.org/W2042447586", "https://openalex.org/W2042706388", "https://openalex.org/W2049179756", "https://openalex.org/W2052735997", "https://openalex.org/W2052837730", "https://openalex.org/W2060597976", "https://openalex.org/W2062011487", "https://openalex.org/W2062136489", "https://openalex.org/W2063632328", "https://openalex.org/W2065536386", "https://openalex.org/W2079840746", "https://openalex.org/W2083206755", "https://openalex.org/W2085511517", "https://openalex.org/W2087025419", "https://openalex.org/W2089334898", "https://openalex.org/W2089731119", "https://openalex.org/W2090230458", "https://openalex.org/W2090661183", "https://openalex.org/W2099000461", "https://openalex.org/W2100053951", "https://openalex.org/W2110167104", "https://openalex.org/W2121199234", "https://openalex.org/W2126624153", "https://openalex.org/W2132947179", "https://openalex.org/W2134819724", "https://openalex.org/W2154395440", "https://openalex.org/W2171238616", "https://openalex.org/W2337870266"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1496401154", "https://openalex.org/W3036968693", "https://openalex.org/W2616275348", "https://openalex.org/W2920768803", "https://openalex.org/W2893231799", "https://openalex.org/W1541063877", "https://openalex.org/W1501322398", "https://openalex.org/W2038821495", "https://openalex.org/W4231082752", "https://openalex.org/W2769712644"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Supramolecular": [0], "chemistry": [1, 8], "has": [2, 35], "a": [3, 66], "very": [4], "large": [5], "impact": [6], "on": [7, 43, 58, 69], "of": [9, 15, 25, 30, 54, 74], "current": [10], "interest": [11], "and": [12, 72], "the": [13, 23, 52], "use": [14], "non-covalent": [16], "but": [17], "directional": [18], "forces": [19], "is": [20], "appealing": [21], "for": [22], "construction": [24], "'supramolecular": [26], "architectures'.": [27], "The": [28], "invention": [29], "scanning": [31, 62], "probe": [32], "microscopy": [33], "techniques": [34], "opened": [36], "new": [37], "doorways": [38], "to": [39], "study": [40, 53], "these": [41], "concepts": [42], "surfaces.": [44], "This": [45], "review": [46], "deals": [47], "with": [48, 65], "recent": [49], "progress": [50], "in": [51], "two-dimensional": [55], "supramolecular": [56], "self-assembly": [57], "surfaces": [59], "probed": [60], "by": [61], "tunneling": [63], "microscopy,": [64], "special": [67], "emphasis": [68], "structure,": [70], "dynamics": [71], "reactivity": [73], "hydrogen": [75], "bonded": [76], "systems.": [77]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 29}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 35}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 34}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 42}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 57}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 41}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 46}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 43}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 54}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 37}], "updated_date": "2026-04-07T14:57:38.498316", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2081784115", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.338189", "title": "Scanning tunneling microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscopy", "relevance_score": 3561.6294, "publication_year": 1987, "publication_date": "1987-01-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2081784115", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.338189", "mag": "2081784115"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1063/1.338189", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.338189", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S187991544", "display_name": "Journal of Applied Physics", "issn_l": "0021-8979", "issn": ["0021-8979", "1089-7550", "1520-8850"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Applied Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055980912", "display_name": "Paul K. Hansma", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0719-0615"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I154570441", "display_name": "University of California, Santa Barbara", "ror": "https://ror.org/02t274463", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Paul K. Hansma", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026152928", "display_name": "J. Tersoff", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "display_name": "IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/0265w5591", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jerry Tersoff", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5055980912"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154570441"], "apc_list": {"value": 3500, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3500}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 44.2626, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 651, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99995572, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 99}, "biblio": {"volume": "61", "issue": "2", "first_page": "R1", "last_page": "R24"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13531", "display_name": "Surface and Thin Film Phenomena", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10857", "display_name": "Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9991000294685364, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1315", "display_name": "Structural Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.8342993259429932}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor", "display_name": "Semiconductor", "score": 0.5510349273681641}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/lithography", "display_name": "Lithography", "score": 0.5457789301872253}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/superconductivity", "display_name": "Superconductivity", "score": 0.5395035743713379}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.5298428535461426}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemical-scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.49851012229919434}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanolithography", "display_name": "Nanolithography", "score": 0.49516621232032776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-nitrogen", "display_name": "Liquid nitrogen", "score": 0.49178412556648254}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.4749605655670166}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "score": 0.45763587951660156}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorption", "display_name": "Adsorption", "score": 0.447012335062027}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscope", "display_name": "Microscope", "score": 0.44368305802345276}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-high-vacuum", "display_name": "Ultra-high vacuum", "score": 0.4253767728805542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-spectroscopy", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "score": 0.39126694202423096}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.3735591173171997}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.2668840289115906}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.25486108660697937}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "score": 0.17675566673278809}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.0889710783958435}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-chemistry", "display_name": "Physical chemistry", "score": 0.08724787831306458}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication", "display_name": "Fabrication", "score": 0.08718091249465942}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.8342993259429932}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C108225325", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456", "display_name": "Semiconductor", "level": 2, "score": 0.5510349273681641}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C204223013", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133036", "display_name": "Lithography", "level": 2, "score": 0.5457789301872253}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54101563", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131", "display_name": "Superconductivity", "level": 2, "score": 0.5395035743713379}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5298428535461426}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C5408304", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357978", "display_name": "Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 4, "score": 0.49851012229919434}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162117346", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1106386", "display_name": "Nanolithography", "level": 4, "score": 0.49516621232032776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C108939769", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139370", "display_name": "Liquid nitrogen", "level": 2, "score": 0.49178412556648254}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4749605655670166}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120398109", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "level": 2, "score": 0.45763587951660156}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C150394285", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254", "display_name": "Adsorption", "level": 2, "score": 0.447012335062027}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C67649825", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538", "display_name": "Microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.44368305802345276}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C82225425", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7880334", "display_name": "Ultra-high vacuum", "level": 2, "score": 0.4253767728805542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C194577767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651687", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.39126694202423096}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3735591173171997}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.2668840289115906}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.25486108660697937}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.17675566673278809}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0889710783958435}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147789679", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372", "display_name": "Physical chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.08724787831306458}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136525101", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139", "display_name": "Fabrication", "level": 3, "score": 0.08718091249465942}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504", "display_name": "Alternative medicine", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1063/1.338189", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.338189", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S187991544", "display_name": "Journal of Applied Physics", "issn_l": "0021-8979", "issn": ["0021-8979", "1089-7550", "1520-8850"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Applied Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 87, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W221471236", "https://openalex.org/W611161073", "https://openalex.org/W1553206457", "https://openalex.org/W1592171891", "https://openalex.org/W1863321137", "https://openalex.org/W1963851397", "https://openalex.org/W1967800942", "https://openalex.org/W1969689507", "https://openalex.org/W1970021607", "https://openalex.org/W1970217613", "https://openalex.org/W1974664861", "https://openalex.org/W1977230706", "https://openalex.org/W1977305483", "https://openalex.org/W1981014595", "https://openalex.org/W1982617910", "https://openalex.org/W1983684958", "https://openalex.org/W1985765336", "https://openalex.org/W1985854442", "https://openalex.org/W1987007760", "https://openalex.org/W1989336153", "https://openalex.org/W1995202496", "https://openalex.org/W1995650948", "https://openalex.org/W1996121295", "https://openalex.org/W1998638974", "https://openalex.org/W2000613152", "https://openalex.org/W2000726168", "https://openalex.org/W2001134004", "https://openalex.org/W2004952891", "https://openalex.org/W2005115658", "https://openalex.org/W2005798029", "https://openalex.org/W2007997200", "https://openalex.org/W2008115612", "https://openalex.org/W2008843643", "https://openalex.org/W2010375817", "https://openalex.org/W2011155721", "https://openalex.org/W2011613031", "https://openalex.org/W2015966645", "https://openalex.org/W2018768900", "https://openalex.org/W2023686886", "https://openalex.org/W2024005524", "https://openalex.org/W2025826723", "https://openalex.org/W2028223230", "https://openalex.org/W2029556014", "https://openalex.org/W2032851074", "https://openalex.org/W2035120147", "https://openalex.org/W2037306227", "https://openalex.org/W2037794531", "https://openalex.org/W2038180290", "https://openalex.org/W2038318953", "https://openalex.org/W2040306273", "https://openalex.org/W2043620568", "https://openalex.org/W2044556925", "https://openalex.org/W2044997231", "https://openalex.org/W2050733227", "https://openalex.org/W2054795233", "https://openalex.org/W2055087775", "https://openalex.org/W2057524231", "https://openalex.org/W2060198141", "https://openalex.org/W2062850724", "https://openalex.org/W2064320015", "https://openalex.org/W2065246226", "https://openalex.org/W2067326868", "https://openalex.org/W2068559566", "https://openalex.org/W2069230755", "https://openalex.org/W2071091745", "https://openalex.org/W2073806837", "https://openalex.org/W2074414928", "https://openalex.org/W2075399480", "https://openalex.org/W2076669144", "https://openalex.org/W2076927945", "https://openalex.org/W2080243686", "https://openalex.org/W2081438208", "https://openalex.org/W2083496655", "https://openalex.org/W2084436142", "https://openalex.org/W2086422007", "https://openalex.org/W2088237631", "https://openalex.org/W2090165637", "https://openalex.org/W2091795278", "https://openalex.org/W2110167104", "https://openalex.org/W2120656311", "https://openalex.org/W2155838631", "https://openalex.org/W2285201908", "https://openalex.org/W2312745163", "https://openalex.org/W3007401919", "https://openalex.org/W3150248096", "https://openalex.org/W4233837859", "https://openalex.org/W4318470485"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2079253054", "https://openalex.org/W2736483163", "https://openalex.org/W2071339353", "https://openalex.org/W2078095192", "https://openalex.org/W2021726762", "https://openalex.org/W2007997200", "https://openalex.org/W2976399150", "https://openalex.org/W2004379973", "https://openalex.org/W2604880506", "https://openalex.org/W2061186734"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"A": [0, 55], "scanning": [1], "tunneling": [2], "microscope": [3], "(STM)": [4], "can": [5], "provide": [6], "atomic-resolution": [7], "images": [8, 36], "of": [9, 37, 57], "samples": [10], "in": [11, 68], "ultra-high": [12], "vacuum,": [13, 15], "moderate": [14], "gases": [16], "including": [17, 24], "air": [18], "at": [19], "atmospheric": [20], "pressure,": [21], "and": [22, 29, 44, 52], "liquids": [23], "oil,": [25], "water,": [26], "liquid": [27], "nitrogen,": [28], "even": [30, 53], "conductive": [31], "solutions.": [32], "This": [33], "review": [34], "contains": [35], "single-crystal": [38], "metals,": [39], "metal": [40], "films,": [41], "both": [42], "elemental": [43], "compound": [45], "semiconductors,": [46], "superconductors,": [47], "layered": [48], "materials,": [49], "adsorbed": [50], "atoms,": [51], "DNA.": [54], "discussion": [56], "results": [58], "on": [59, 64], "lithography": [60], "leads": [61], "into": [62], "speculations": [63], "a": [65], "bright": [66], "future": [67], "which": [69], "STMs": [70], "may": [71], "not": [72], "only": [73], "observe,": [74], "but": [75], "also": [76], "manipulate": [77], "surfaces,": [78], "right": [79], "down": [80], "to": [81], "the": [82], "atomic": [83], "level.": [84]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 5}], "updated_date": "2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4388393099", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071504.001.0001", "title": "Introduction To Scanning Tunneling Microscopy", "display_name": "Introduction To Scanning Tunneling Microscopy", "relevance_score": 3538.8992, "publication_year": 1993, "publication_date": "1993-05-20", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4388393099", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071504.001.0001"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/oso/9780195071504.001.0001", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071504.001.0001", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "book"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029676909", "display_name": "C Julian Chen", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "C Julian Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5029676909"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 5.945, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 587, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.96261682, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 98, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9887999892234802, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9887999892234802, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13552", "display_name": "Advanced Materials Characterization Techniques", "score": 0.9682000279426575, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12285", "display_name": "Surface Chemistry and Catalysis", "score": 0.9068999886512756, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.6937589049339294}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.5758819580078125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/section", "display_name": "Section (typography)", "score": 0.5457772612571716}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumentation", "display_name": "Instrumentation (computer programming)", "score": 0.5196722745895386}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "score": 0.5039932131767273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graduate-students", "display_name": "Graduate students", "score": 0.4966476559638977}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-probe-microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "score": 0.48016729950904846}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-force-microscopy", "display_name": "Atomic force microscopy", "score": 0.4597246050834656}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy", "display_name": "Microscopy", "score": 0.449869841337204}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/work", "display_name": "Work (physics)", "score": 0.4373379051685333}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-physics", "display_name": "Engineering physics", "score": 0.3837326467037201}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.3188164532184601}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.3168069124221802}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.310101181268692}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.18030768632888794}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.17143219709396362}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.12238353490829468}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.08131846785545349}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.6937589049339294}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5758819580078125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780129039", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931107", "display_name": "Section (typography)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5457772612571716}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C118530786", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134732", "display_name": "Instrumentation (computer programming)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5196722745895386}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120398109", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "level": 2, "score": 0.5039932131767273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3020528894", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820271", "display_name": "Graduate students", "level": 2, "score": 0.4966476559638977}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36628996", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907287", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.48016729950904846}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C102951782", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49295", "display_name": "Atomic force microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.4597246050834656}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147080431", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953", "display_name": "Microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.449869841337204}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213", "display_name": "Work (physics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4373379051685333}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C61696701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766", "display_name": "Engineering physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3837326467037201}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.3188164532184601}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3168069124221802}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.310101181268692}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.18030768632888794}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.17143219709396362}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.12238353490829468}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.08131846785545349}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C19417346", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922", "display_name": "Pedagogy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/oso/9780195071504.001.0001", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071504.001.0001", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "book"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2893231799", "https://openalex.org/W1501322398", "https://openalex.org/W2093505643", "https://openalex.org/W1541063877", "https://openalex.org/W2772013117", "https://openalex.org/W2038821495", "https://openalex.org/W4380626954", "https://openalex.org/W4231082752", "https://openalex.org/W2025817262", "https://openalex.org/W2079253054"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Abstract": [0], "Due": [1], "to": [2], "its": [3], "nondestructive": [4], "imaging": [5, 42, 118], "power,": [6], "scanning": [7, 31], "tunneling": [8, 32], "microscopy": [9], "has": [10], "found": [11], "major": [12], "applications": [13], "in": [14, 132, 144], "the": [15, 41, 51, 103, 117], "fields": [16], "of": [17, 30, 40, 69, 77, 97, 120], "physics,": [18, 148], "chemistry,": [19], "engineering,": [20], "and": [21, 33, 45, 57, 81, 100, 114, 122, 134, 139, 152], "materials": [22, 149], "science.": [23], "This": [24], "book": [25, 104], "provides": [26], "a": [27, 74, 85, 95, 130, 141], "comprehensive": [28], "treatment": [29], "atomic": [34], "force": [35], "microscopy,": [36, 151], "with": [37, 88], "full": [38], "coverage": [39], "mechanism,": [43], "instrumentation,": [44], "sample": [46], "applications.": [47], "The": [48], "work": [49], "is": [50, 82], "first": [52], "single-author": [53], "reference": [54], "on": [55], "STM": [56, 79, 121, 137], "presents": [58], "much": [59], "valuable": [60], "information": [61], "previously": [62], "available": [63], "only": [64], "as": [65, 84, 129, 140], "proceedings": [66], "or": [67], "collections": [68], "review": [70], "articles.": [71], "It": [72, 124], "contains": [73], "32-page": [75], "section": [76], "remarkable": [78], "images,": [80], "organized": [83], "self-contained": [86], "work,": [87], "all": [89, 111], "mathematical": [90], "derivations": [91], "fully": [92], "detailed.": [93], "As": [94], "source": [96], "background": [98], "material": [99], "current": [101], "data,": [102], "will": [105], "be": [106, 127], "an": [107], "invaluable": [108], "resource": [109], "for": [110], "scientists,": [112], "engineers,": [113], "technicians": [115], "using": [116], "abilities": [119], "AFM.": [123], "may": [125], "also": [126], "used": [128], "textbook": [131], "senior-year": [133], "graduate": [135], "level": [136], "courses,": [138], "supplementary": [142], "text": [143], "surface": [145], "science,": [146, 150], "solid-state": [147], "quantum": [153], "mechanics.": [154]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 26}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 18}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 23}], "updated_date": "2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2003982588", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1021/cr960074m", "title": "Characterization of Organosulfur Molecular Monolayers on Au(111) using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy", "display_name": "Characterization of Organosulfur Molecular Monolayers on Au(111) using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy", "relevance_score": 3484.3806, "publication_year": 1997, "publication_date": "1997-06-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2003982588", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1021/cr960074m", "mag": "2003982588", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11851444"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1021/cr960074m", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/cr960074m", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S41143188", "display_name": "Chemical Reviews", "issn_l": "0009-2665", "issn": ["0009-2665", "1520-6890"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320006", "host_organization_name": "American Chemical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Chemical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Chemical Reviews", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109983453", "display_name": "Gregory E. Poirier", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1321296531", "display_name": "National Institute of Standards and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05xpvk416", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1321296531", "https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Gregory E. Poirier", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5109983453"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 52.8592, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 1037, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.9998523, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 98, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "97", "issue": "4", "first_page": "1117", "last_page": "1128"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10913", "display_name": "Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10913", "display_name": "Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13531", "display_name": "Surface and Thin Film Phenomena", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12285", "display_name": "Surface Chemistry and Catalysis", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/organosulfur-compounds", "display_name": "Organosulfur compounds", "score": 0.849459707736969}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.7112607359886169}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/citation", "display_name": "Citation", "score": 0.5759420990943909}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/monolayer", "display_name": "Monolayer", "score": 0.5275791883468628}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/summit", "display_name": "Summit", "score": 0.4651784598827362}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/information-display", "display_name": "Information display", "score": 0.4648994505405426}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "score": 0.4372757077217102}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.42531222105026245}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/icon", "display_name": "Icon", "score": 0.4231258034706116}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.40759268403053284}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry", "display_name": "Analytical Chemistry (journal)", "score": 0.3352530598640442}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.2801807224750519}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.2528457045555115}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics", "display_name": "Computer graphics (images)", "score": 0.15448486804962158}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography", "display_name": "Cartography", "score": 0.1404956877231598}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geography", "display_name": "Geography", "score": 0.11898472905158997}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "score": 0.10856431722640991}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C25366896", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422785", "display_name": "Organosulfur compounds", "level": 3, "score": 0.849459707736969}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.7112607359886169}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778805511", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713", "display_name": "Citation", "level": 2, "score": 0.5759420990943909}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C7070889", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902488", "display_name": "Monolayer", "level": 2, "score": 0.5275791883468628}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778848561", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207326", "display_name": "Summit", "level": 2, "score": 0.4651784598827362}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2984621161", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327065", "display_name": "Information display", "level": 2, "score": 0.4648994505405426}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "level": 1, "score": 0.4372757077217102}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.42531222105026245}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778447006", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156474", "display_name": "Icon", "level": 2, "score": 0.4231258034706116}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.40759268403053284}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C113196181", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223", "display_name": "Analytical Chemistry (journal)", "level": 2, "score": 0.3352530598640442}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.2801807224750519}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.2528457045555115}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121684516", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677", "display_name": "Computer graphics (images)", "level": 1, "score": 0.15448486804962158}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C58640448", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515", "display_name": "Cartography", "level": 1, "score": 0.1404956877231598}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.11898472905158997}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.10856431722640991}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C518881349", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682", "display_name": "Sulfur", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1021/cr960074m", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/cr960074m", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S41143188", "display_name": "Chemical Reviews", "issn_l": "0009-2665", "issn": ["0009-2665", "1520-6890"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320006", "host_organization_name": "American Chemical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Chemical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Chemical Reviews", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:11851444", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11851444", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Chemical reviews", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.5, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17", "display_name": "Partnerships for the goals"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 114, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1597480012", "https://openalex.org/W1660041407", "https://openalex.org/W1966158272", "https://openalex.org/W1966562709", "https://openalex.org/W1967598238", "https://openalex.org/W1968507994", "https://openalex.org/W1969129096", "https://openalex.org/W1969286164", "https://openalex.org/W1970494002", "https://openalex.org/W1971284951", "https://openalex.org/W1972085782", "https://openalex.org/W1972474880", "https://openalex.org/W1973613557", "https://openalex.org/W1973858916", "https://openalex.org/W1974113300", "https://openalex.org/W1975344384", "https://openalex.org/W1975423947", "https://openalex.org/W1976565467", "https://openalex.org/W1977590808", "https://openalex.org/W1977816804", "https://openalex.org/W1979596349", "https://openalex.org/W1980583668", "https://openalex.org/W1982174820", "https://openalex.org/W1982193279", "https://openalex.org/W1982302115", "https://openalex.org/W1983684958", "https://openalex.org/W1985284339", "https://openalex.org/W1988741838", "https://openalex.org/W1989380795", "https://openalex.org/W1989574316", "https://openalex.org/W1992443906", "https://openalex.org/W1992515052", "https://openalex.org/W1993262035", "https://openalex.org/W1998066198", "https://openalex.org/W1998141764", "https://openalex.org/W1998717612", "https://openalex.org/W2000200370", "https://openalex.org/W2002627784", "https://openalex.org/W2002741007", "https://openalex.org/W2003024671", "https://openalex.org/W2004077983", "https://openalex.org/W2006209984", "https://openalex.org/W2006952220", "https://openalex.org/W2007814605", "https://openalex.org/W2009229986", "https://openalex.org/W2016049732", "https://openalex.org/W2016145177", "https://openalex.org/W2019344734", "https://openalex.org/W2022150513", "https://openalex.org/W2024004515", "https://openalex.org/W2025132243", "https://openalex.org/W2025569844", "https://openalex.org/W2027614729", "https://openalex.org/W2028027229", "https://openalex.org/W2029744533", "https://openalex.org/W2032528646", "https://openalex.org/W2032888181", "https://openalex.org/W2033217108", "https://openalex.org/W2035699614", "https://openalex.org/W2037143341", "https://openalex.org/W2040052267", "https://openalex.org/W2040481218", "https://openalex.org/W2041001120", "https://openalex.org/W2041435632", "https://openalex.org/W2042744549", "https://openalex.org/W2047330812", "https://openalex.org/W2047600317", "https://openalex.org/W2048751903", "https://openalex.org/W2049974042", "https://openalex.org/W2051489302", "https://openalex.org/W2053017400", "https://openalex.org/W2055929116", "https://openalex.org/W2056648038", "https://openalex.org/W2056987114", "https://openalex.org/W2058123623", "https://openalex.org/W2059067714", "https://openalex.org/W2059797776", "https://openalex.org/W2061769590", "https://openalex.org/W2067667072", "https://openalex.org/W2067802319", "https://openalex.org/W2068442060", "https://openalex.org/W2070458928", "https://openalex.org/W2071780942", "https://openalex.org/W2072347621", "https://openalex.org/W2074607789", "https://openalex.org/W2076182516", "https://openalex.org/W2077108429", "https://openalex.org/W2077501122", "https://openalex.org/W2077502608", "https://openalex.org/W2078560050", "https://openalex.org/W2078662108", "https://openalex.org/W2087092966", "https://openalex.org/W2088468032", "https://openalex.org/W2089137058", "https://openalex.org/W2089812920", "https://openalex.org/W2091518202", "https://openalex.org/W2092520960", "https://openalex.org/W2092967305", "https://openalex.org/W2092971844", "https://openalex.org/W2095330438", "https://openalex.org/W2105202307", "https://openalex.org/W2115432877", "https://openalex.org/W2120342500", "https://openalex.org/W2120536685", "https://openalex.org/W2133675212", "https://openalex.org/W2134819724", "https://openalex.org/W2140894728", "https://openalex.org/W2153371630", "https://openalex.org/W2170568459", "https://openalex.org/W2252806346", "https://openalex.org/W2313083097", "https://openalex.org/W2412866415", "https://openalex.org/W4236145886", "https://openalex.org/W4247815966"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W438038740", "https://openalex.org/W3135561743", "https://openalex.org/W1982074779", "https://openalex.org/W2080317228", "https://openalex.org/W2476726403", "https://openalex.org/W2123493170", "https://openalex.org/W1807304986", "https://openalex.org/W4387403883", "https://openalex.org/W18009339", "https://openalex.org/W2044725031"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"ADVERTISEMENT": [0], "RETURN": [1], "TO": [2], "ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization": [3], "of": [4, 20, 69, 104, 130], "Organosulfur": [5], "Molecular": [6], "Monolayers": [7], "on": [8, 141, 169], "Au(111)": [9], "using": [10], "Scanning": [11], "Tunneling": [12], "MicroscopyGregory": [13], "E.": [14], "PoirierView": [15], "Author": [16], "Information": [17], "National": [18], "Institute": [19], "Standards": [21], "and": [22, 79, 84, 113, 157, 174, 190, 192], "Technology,": [23], "Gaithersburg,": [24], "Maryland": [25], "20899": [26], "Cite": [27], "this:": [28], "Chem.": [29], "Rev.": [30], "1997,": [31], "97,": [32], "4,": [33], "1117\u20131128Publication": [34], "Date": [35], "(Web):June": [36], "20,": [37], "1997Publication": [38], "History": [39], "Received21": [40], "November": [41, 75], "1996Revised8": [42], "April": [43], "1997Published": [44, 47], "online20": [45], "June": [46, 50], "inissue": [48], "1": [49], "1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr960074mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr960074mresearch-articleACS": [51], "PublicationsCopyright": [52], "\u00a9": [53], "1997": [54], "American": [55], "Chemical": [56], "SocietyRequest": [57], "reuse": [58], "permissionsArticle": [59], "Views5790Altmetric-Citations953LEARN": [60], "ABOUT": [61], "THESE": [62], "METRICSArticle": [63], "Views": [64], "are": [65, 88, 101], "the": [66, 97, 102, 131, 142, 155, 158, 163, 170, 176], "COUNTER-compliant": [67], "sum": [68], "full": [70], "text": [71], "article": [72, 136], "downloads": [73], "since": [74], "2008": [76], "(both": [77], "PDF": [78], "HTML)": [80], "across": [81], "all": [82], "institutions": [83], "individuals.": [85], "These": [86], "metrics": [87], "regularly": [89], "updated": [90, 114], "to": [91, 96], "reflect": [92], "usage": [93], "leading": [94], "up": [95], "last": [98], "few": [99], "days.Citations": [100], "number": [103], "other": [105], "articles": [106], "citing": [107], "this": [108], "article,": [109], "calculated": [110], "by": [111], "Crossref": [112, 120], "daily.": [115], "Find": [116, 166], "more": [117, 167], "information": [118, 168], "about": [119, 154], "citation": [121], "counts.The": [122], "Altmetric": [123, 171], "Attention": [124, 172], "Score": [125, 173], "is": [126, 178], "a": [127, 134, 147], "quantitative": [128], "measure": [129], "attention": [132], "that": [133], "research": [135], "has": [137], "received": [138], "online.": [139], "Clicking": [140], "donut": [143], "icon": [144], "will": [145], "load": [146], "page": [148], "at": [149], "altmetric.com": [150], "with": [151, 186], "additional": [152], "details": [153], "score": [156, 177], "social": [159], "media": [160], "presence": [161], "for": [162], "given": [164], "article.": [165], "how": [175], "calculated.": [179], "Share": [180, 195], "Add": [181], "toView": [182], "InAdd": [183], "Full": [184], "Text": [185], "ReferenceAdd": [187], "Description": [188], "ExportRISCitationCitation": [189], "abstractCitation": [191], "referencesMore": [193], "Options": [194], "onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked": [196], "InRedditEmail": [197], "Other": [198], "access": [199], "optionsGet": [200], "e-Alertsclose": [201], "SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Defects": [202], "in": [203], "solids,Lattices,Monolayers,Scanning": [204], "tunneling": [205], "microscopy": [206], "Get": [207], "e-Alerts": [208]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 24}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 18}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 27}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 27}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 28}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 32}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 24}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 49}], "updated_date": "2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2746481015", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1039/ap9933000055", "title": "Biological applications of scanning tunnelling microscopy", "display_name": "Biological applications of scanning tunnelling microscopy", "relevance_score": 3476.241, "publication_year": 1993, "publication_date": "1993-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2746481015", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1039/ap9933000055", "mag": "2746481015"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1039/ap9933000055", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/ap9933000055", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S135357799", "display_name": "Analytical Proceedings", "issn_l": "0144-557X", "issn": ["0144-557X", "1754-6885"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320556", "host_organization_name": "Royal Society of Chemistry", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Royal Society of Chemistry"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Proceedings", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 0.5486, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 794, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.81593725, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": false}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "30", "issue": "1", "first_page": "55", "last_page": "55"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12603", "display_name": "NMR spectroscopy and applications", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3106", "display_name": "Nuclear and High Energy Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12603", "display_name": "NMR spectroscopy and applications", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3106", "display_name": "Nuclear and High Energy Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10378", "display_name": "Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9889000058174133, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2741", "display_name": "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11304", "display_name": "Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9811000227928162, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2741", "display_name": "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy", "display_name": "Microscopy", "score": 0.5420166254043579}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "score": 0.45594534277915955}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.4557506740093231}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.40791624784469604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.21248817443847656}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.1785905957221985}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.170339435338974}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C147080431", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953", "display_name": "Microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.5420166254043579}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120398109", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "level": 2, "score": 0.45594534277915955}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4557506740093231}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.40791624784469604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.21248817443847656}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.1785905957221985}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.170339435338974}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1039/ap9933000055", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/ap9933000055", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S135357799", "display_name": "Analytical Proceedings", "issn_l": "0144-557X", "issn": ["0144-557X", "1754-6885"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320556", "host_organization_name": "Royal Society of Chemistry", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Royal Society of Chemistry"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Proceedings", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 5, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1986329179", "https://openalex.org/W1993438624", "https://openalex.org/W1997630751", "https://openalex.org/W2009473683", "https://openalex.org/W2010088099"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4246450666", "https://openalex.org/W2898370298", "https://openalex.org/W4388998267", "https://openalex.org/W2744391499", "https://openalex.org/W3120461830", "https://openalex.org/W4230250635", "https://openalex.org/W3041790586", "https://openalex.org/W2018879842", "https://openalex.org/W3144504424", "https://openalex.org/W2064440194"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 80}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 61}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 71}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 54}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 81}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 83}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 76}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 54}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 42}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 27}], "updated_date": "2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1964084591", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.94.026803", "title": "Molecules on Insulating Films: Scanning-Tunneling Microscopy Imaging of Individual Molecular Orbitals", "display_name": "Molecules on Insulating Films: Scanning-Tunneling Microscopy Imaging of Individual Molecular Orbitals", "relevance_score": 3454.4373, "publication_year": 2005, "publication_date": "2005-01-19", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1964084591", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.94.026803", "mag": "1964084591", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15698209"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.026803", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.94.026803", "pdf_url": "http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.026803", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S24807848", "display_name": "Physical Review Letters", "issn_l": "0031-9007", "issn": ["0031-9007", "1079-7114", "1092-0145"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review Letters", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "datacite", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.026803", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5074742133", "display_name": "Jascha Repp", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-7083"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126328", "display_name": "IBM Research - Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02js37d36", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jascha Repp", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "IBM Research, Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Research, Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109535795", "display_name": "Gerhard Meyer", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126328", "display_name": "IBM Research - Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02js37d36", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gerhard Meyer", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "IBM Research, Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Research, Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088265776", "display_name": "Sladjana Stojkovic", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135147", "display_name": "Centre d\u2019\u00c9laboration de Mat\u00e9riaux et d\u2019\u00c9tudes Structurales", "ror": "https://ror.org/03kwnqq69", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I134560555", "https://openalex.org/I196454796", "https://openalex.org/I196454796", "https://openalex.org/I4210098836", "https://openalex.org/I4210135147", "https://openalex.org/I4388446414", "https://openalex.org/I4405258862", "https://openalex.org/I4405258862", "https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126328", "display_name": "IBM Research - Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02js37d36", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}], "countries": ["CH", "FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sladjana M. Stojkovi\u0107", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, P.O. Box 4347, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, P.O. Box 4347, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210135147", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078984037", "display_name": "Andr\u00e9 Gourdon", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0370-1019"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126328", "display_name": "IBM Research - Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02js37d36", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135147", "display_name": "Centre d\u2019\u00c9laboration de Mat\u00e9riaux et d\u2019\u00c9tudes Structurales", "ror": "https://ror.org/03kwnqq69", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I134560555", "https://openalex.org/I196454796", "https://openalex.org/I196454796", "https://openalex.org/I4210098836", "https://openalex.org/I4210135147", "https://openalex.org/I4388446414", "https://openalex.org/I4405258862", "https://openalex.org/I4405258862", "https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}], "countries": ["CH", "FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Andr\u00e9 Gourdon", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, P.O. Box 4347, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, P.O. Box 4347, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210135147", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108138371", "display_name": "Christian Joachim", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126328", "display_name": "IBM Research - Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02js37d36", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135147", "display_name": "Centre d\u2019\u00c9laboration de Mat\u00e9riaux et d\u2019\u00c9tudes Structurales", "ror": "https://ror.org/03kwnqq69", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I134560555", "https://openalex.org/I196454796", "https://openalex.org/I196454796", "https://openalex.org/I4210098836", "https://openalex.org/I4210135147", "https://openalex.org/I4388446414", "https://openalex.org/I4405258862", "https://openalex.org/I4405258862", "https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}], "countries": ["CH", "FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Christian Joachim", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, P.O. Box 4347, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, P.O. Box 4347, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210135147", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5074742133"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"], "apc_list": {"value": 3750, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3750}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 45.3532, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 889, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.9993744, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "94", "issue": "2", "first_page": "026803", "last_page": "026803"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10913", "display_name": "Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10913", "display_name": "Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12285", "display_name": "Surface Chemistry and Catalysis", "score": 0.9991000294685364, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pentacene", "display_name": "Pentacene", "score": 0.8838151097297668}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.8609175682067871}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.6736667156219482}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecule", "display_name": "Molecule", "score": 0.6473981738090515}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-orbital", "display_name": "Atomic orbital", "score": 0.5811387300491333}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "score": 0.5738734006881714}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-orbital", "display_name": "Molecular orbital", "score": 0.5403116345405579}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-physics", "display_name": "Chemical physics", "score": 0.5056331157684326}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-spectroscopy", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "score": 0.5036954283714294}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate", "display_name": "Substrate (aquarium)", "score": 0.4913150370121002}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy", "display_name": "Microscopy", "score": 0.4351974427700043}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-physics", "display_name": "Molecular physics", "score": 0.42396870255470276}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemical-scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.4162582457065582}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.3819037079811096}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.20444458723068237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.17175579071044922}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.16792705655097961}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.1591474413871765}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.06024092435836792}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776498980", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424450", "display_name": "Pentacene", "level": 4, "score": 0.8838151097297668}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.8609175682067871}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6736667156219482}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C32909587", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369", "display_name": "Molecule", "level": 2, "score": 0.6473981738090515}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C189394030", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53860", "display_name": "Atomic orbital", "level": 3, "score": 0.5811387300491333}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120398109", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "level": 2, "score": 0.5738734006881714}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C139358910", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725417", "display_name": "Molecular orbital", "level": 3, "score": 0.5403116345405579}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159467904", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702", "display_name": "Chemical physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.5056331157684326}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C194577767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651687", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.5036954283714294}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777289219", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154", "display_name": "Substrate (aquarium)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4913150370121002}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147080431", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953", "display_name": "Microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.4351974427700043}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41999313", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489328", "display_name": "Molecular physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.42396870255470276}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C5408304", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357978", "display_name": "Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 4, "score": 0.4162582457065582}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3819037079811096}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.20444458723068237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.17175579071044922}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.16792705655097961}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.1591474413871765}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.06024092435836792}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779227376", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497", "display_name": "Layer (electronics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111368507", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518", "display_name": "Oceanography", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069", "display_name": "Geology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C87359718", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271916", "display_name": "Thin-film transistor", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147120987", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225", "display_name": "Electron", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.026803", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.94.026803", "pdf_url": "http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.026803", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S24807848", "display_name": "Physical Review Letters", "issn_l": "0031-9007", "issn": ["0031-9007", "1079-7114", "1092-0145"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review Letters", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:15698209", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15698209", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical review letters", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:epub.uni-regensburg.de:24925", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401229", "display_name": "University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I60668342", "host_organization_name": "University of Regensburg", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I60668342"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "acceptedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:epub.uni-regensburg.de:24925", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-7083>,", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401229", "display_name": "University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I60668342", "host_organization_name": "University of Regensburg", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I60668342"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "acceptedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "NonPeerReviewed"}, {"id": "doi:10.5283/epub.24925", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5283/epub.24925", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401229", "display_name": "University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I60668342", "host_organization_name": "University of Regensburg", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I60668342"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article-journal"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.026803", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.94.026803", "pdf_url": "http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.026803", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S24807848", "display_name": "Physical Review Letters", "issn_l": "0031-9007", "issn": ["0031-9007", "1079-7114", "1092-0145"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review Letters", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1964084591.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1964084591.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 24, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1519071177", "https://openalex.org/W1543187317", "https://openalex.org/W1967257379", "https://openalex.org/W1967545781", "https://openalex.org/W1969786872", "https://openalex.org/W1973231124", "https://openalex.org/W1981393534", "https://openalex.org/W1981458170", "https://openalex.org/W1987414837", "https://openalex.org/W1992494043", "https://openalex.org/W2000720799", "https://openalex.org/W2015472438", "https://openalex.org/W2016906236", "https://openalex.org/W2017610267", "https://openalex.org/W2025147647", "https://openalex.org/W2030892697", "https://openalex.org/W2035486617", "https://openalex.org/W2064450207", "https://openalex.org/W2067710498", "https://openalex.org/W2077362831", "https://openalex.org/W2112362639", "https://openalex.org/W2112969083", "https://openalex.org/W2171683848", "https://openalex.org/W2952298306"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2079253054", "https://openalex.org/W2736483163", "https://openalex.org/W2078095192", "https://openalex.org/W2071339353", "https://openalex.org/W2976399150", "https://openalex.org/W2021726762", "https://openalex.org/W2007997200", "https://openalex.org/W2004379973", "https://openalex.org/W2107214003", "https://openalex.org/W435361125"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Ultrathin": [0], "insulating": [1], "NaCl": [2], "films": [3], "have": [4], "been": [5], "employed": [6], "to": [7, 27], "decouple": [8], "individual": [9, 48], "pentacene": [10, 49], "molecules": [11, 50], "electronically": [12], "from": [13], "the": [14, 19, 24, 42, 47, 59], "metallic": [15], "substrate.": [16], "This": [17], "allows": [18], "inherent": [20], "electronic": [21], "structure": [22], "of": [23, 34, 41, 46], "free": [25], "molecule": [26], "be": [28], "preserved": [29], "and": [30], "studied": [31], "by": [32], "means": [33], "low-temperature": [35], "scanning-tunneling": [36], "microscopy.": [37], "Thereby": [38], "direct": [39], "images": [40], "unperturbed": [43], "molecular": [44], "orbitals": [45], "are": [51], "obtained.": [52], "Elastic": [53], "scattering": [54], "quantum": [55], "chemistry": [56], "calculations": [57], "substantiate": [58], "experimental": [60], "findings.": [61]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 36}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 32}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 46}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 31}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 74}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 45}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 34}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 46}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 54}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 43}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 38}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 49}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 62}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 36}], "updated_date": "2026-04-07T14:57:38.498316", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2025338927", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.76.075429", "title": "Scanning tunneling microscopy of graphene on Ru(0001)", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscopy of graphene on Ru(0001)", "relevance_score": 3303.49, "publication_year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-08-28", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2025338927", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.76.075429", "mag": "2025338927"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.76.075429", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.76.075429", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S6791298", "display_name": "Physical Review B", "issn_l": "1098-0121", "issn": ["1098-0121", "1538-4489", "1550-235X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5087391028", "display_name": "S. Marchini", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I8204097", "display_name": "Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen", "ror": "https://ror.org/05591te55", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "S. Marchini", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5086753409", "display_name": "Sebastian G\u00fcnther", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2415-232X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I8204097", "display_name": "Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen", "ror": "https://ror.org/05591te55", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "S. G\u00fcnther", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5066030806", "display_name": "J. Wintterlin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0636-7538"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I8204097", "display_name": "Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen", "ror": "https://ror.org/05591te55", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. Wintterlin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5087391028"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I8204097"], "apc_list": {"value": 2675, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 2675}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 23.998, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 675, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99807499, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "76", "issue": "7", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10083", "display_name": "Graphene research and applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10083", "display_name": "Graphene research and applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10074", "display_name": "Carbon Nanotubes in Composites", "score": 0.9983999729156494, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10018", "display_name": "Advancements in Battery Materials", "score": 0.998199999332428, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.8499833345413208}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/overlayer", "display_name": "Overlayer", "score": 0.7048442959785461}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.6226589679718018}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene", "display_name": "Graphene", "score": 0.6126012206077576}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/annealing", "display_name": "Annealing (glass)", "score": 0.5546987056732178}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "score": 0.5371862649917603}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/low-energy-electron-diffraction", "display_name": "Low-energy electron diffraction", "score": 0.46522849798202515}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy", "display_name": "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy", "score": 0.42530545592308044}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/superstructure", "display_name": "Superstructure", "score": 0.42374467849731445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graphite", "display_name": "Graphite", "score": 0.41273078322410583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallography", "display_name": "Crystallography", "score": 0.3365001082420349}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-diffraction", "display_name": "Electron diffraction", "score": 0.32596081495285034}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.2867811918258667}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/diffraction", "display_name": "Diffraction", "score": 0.2501227855682373}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.23063552379608154}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-magnetic-resonance", "display_name": "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "score": 0.2200475037097931}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.1464492678642273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.11354300379753113}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.8499833345413208}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775913835", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113777", "display_name": "Overlayer", "level": 2, "score": 0.7048442959785461}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6226589679718018}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C30080830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917", "display_name": "Graphene", "level": 2, "score": 0.6126012206077576}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777855556", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339544", "display_name": "Annealing (glass)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5546987056732178}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.5371862649917603}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C100083437", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905977", "display_name": "Low-energy electron diffraction", "level": 4, "score": 0.46522849798202515}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C175708663", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899559", "display_name": "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.42530545592308044}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C195899389", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370583", "display_name": "Superstructure", "level": 2, "score": 0.42374467849731445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779698641", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5309", "display_name": "Graphite", "level": 2, "score": 0.41273078322410583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8010536", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398", "display_name": "Crystallography", "level": 1, "score": 0.3365001082420349}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77557913", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864822", "display_name": "Electron diffraction", "level": 3, "score": 0.32596081495285034}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.2867811918258667}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C207114421", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900", "display_name": "Diffraction", "level": 2, "score": 0.2501227855682373}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.23063552379608154}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C46141821", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402", "display_name": "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "level": 1, "score": 0.2200475037097931}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.1464492678642273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.11354300379753113}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C97355855", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790", "display_name": "Composite material", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.76.075429", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.76.075429", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S6791298", "display_name": "Physical Review B", "issn_l": "1098-0121", "issn": ["1098-0121", "1538-4489", "1550-235X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.8100000023841858, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14", "display_name": "Life below water"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 45, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1480171480", "https://openalex.org/W1560466418", "https://openalex.org/W1964877826", "https://openalex.org/W1967311848", "https://openalex.org/W1969125715", "https://openalex.org/W1971791332", "https://openalex.org/W1975888447", "https://openalex.org/W1983786211", "https://openalex.org/W1989952750", "https://openalex.org/W1990504951", "https://openalex.org/W1992852436", "https://openalex.org/W1993318188", "https://openalex.org/W1994368235", "https://openalex.org/W2018768900", "https://openalex.org/W2022787059", "https://openalex.org/W2026237155", "https://openalex.org/W2027927853", "https://openalex.org/W2028250529", "https://openalex.org/W2028328706", "https://openalex.org/W2031833592", "https://openalex.org/W2032490333", "https://openalex.org/W2036514640", "https://openalex.org/W2037208745", "https://openalex.org/W2040419312", "https://openalex.org/W2042487847", "https://openalex.org/W2042967402", "https://openalex.org/W2043083344", "https://openalex.org/W2049283141", "https://openalex.org/W2058270597", "https://openalex.org/W2058787784", "https://openalex.org/W2060112575", "https://openalex.org/W2063498770", "https://openalex.org/W2063536431", "https://openalex.org/W2068377751", "https://openalex.org/W2070425257", "https://openalex.org/W2075340560", "https://openalex.org/W2079104613", "https://openalex.org/W2120310776", "https://openalex.org/W2130074236", "https://openalex.org/W2130365455", "https://openalex.org/W2329911120", "https://openalex.org/W2914318571", "https://openalex.org/W3023353537", "https://openalex.org/W4236415186", "https://openalex.org/W4239605736"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2390799461", "https://openalex.org/W1969222661", "https://openalex.org/W2995342071", "https://openalex.org/W4230452583", "https://openalex.org/W2058501691", "https://openalex.org/W2055217321", "https://openalex.org/W2032203719", "https://openalex.org/W2022219169", "https://openalex.org/W2124473053", "https://openalex.org/W1968947878"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"After": [0], "prolonged": [1], "annealing": [2, 57, 68], "of": [3, 15, 63, 78, 85, 126, 156, 194, 236], "a": [4, 10, 13, 86, 118, 135, 216], "Ru(0001)": [5, 133], "sample": [6], "in": [7, 146, 168, 231, 246], "ultrahigh": [8], "vacuum": [9], "superstructure": [11, 80], "with": [12, 177], "periodicity": [14, 108, 155], "$\\ensuremath{\\sim}30\\phantom{\\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\\mathrm{\\AA{}}$": [16, 157], "was": [17, 29], "observed": [18], "by": [19, 36, 110, 175, 209], "scanning": [20, 210], "tunneling": [21, 211], "microscopy": [22], "(STM).": [23], "Using": [24], "x-ray": [25], "photoelectron": [26], "spectroscopy": [27, 41], "it": [28, 71, 83], "found": [30], "that": [31, 43, 82], "the": [32, 51, 64, 73, 79, 122, 129, 147, 154, 169, 182, 185, 195, 224, 237], "surface": [33, 226], "is": [34, 158], "covered": [35], "graphitic": [37], "carbon.": [38], "Auger": [39], "electron": [40, 96], "shows": [42, 81, 134], "between": [44, 221, 228], "1000": [45], "and": [46, 94, 138, 153, 190, 200, 205, 223, 239, 245], "$1400\\phantom{\\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\\mathrm{K}$": [47], "carbon": [48, 166], "segregates": [49], "to": [50, 58, 69, 106, 151, 162], "surface.": [52, 75], "STM": [53, 92], "images": [54, 93, 193], "recorded": [55], "after": [56, 67], "increasing": [59], "temperatures": [60, 244], "display": [61], "islands": [62], "superstructure,": [65], "until,": [66], "$T\\ensuremath{\\geqslant}1400\\phantom{\\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\\mathrm{K}$,": [70], "covers": [72], "entire": [74], "The": [76, 114, 188, 213, 234], "morphology": [77], "consists": [84], "single": [87, 136], "graphene": [88, 112, 130, 170, 222], "layer.": [89], "Atomically": [90], "resolved": [91, 174], "low-energy": [95], "diffraction": [97], "reveal": [98], "an": [99, 249], "$(11\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}11)$": [100], "structure": [101, 104, 197, 238], "or": [102], "incommensurate": [103], "close": [105], "this": [107], "superimposed": [109], "$12\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}12$": [111], "cells.": [113], "lattice": [115], "mismatch": [116], "causes": [117], "moir\\'e": [119, 196], "pattern.": [120], "Unlike": [121], "common": [123], "orientational": [124], "disorder": [125], "adsorbed": [127], "graphene,": [128], "layer": [131], "on": [132, 181], "phase": [137], "very": [139], "good": [140], "rotational": [141], "alignment.": [142], "Misorientations": [143], "near": [144], "defects": [145], "overlayer": [148], "only": [149], "amount": [150], "$\\ensuremath{\\sim}1\\ifmmode^\\circ\\else\\textdegree\\fi{}$,": [152], "unaffected.": [159], "In": [160], "contrast": [161, 179], "bulk": [163, 232], "graphite": [164], "both": [165], "atoms": [167], "unit": [171], "cell": [172], "were": [173, 207], "STM,": [176], "varying": [178], "depending": [180], "position": [183], "above": [184], "Ru": [186], "atoms.": [187], "filled": [189], "empty": [191], "state": [192], "differ": [198], "massively,": [199], "electronic": [201], "states": [202], "at": [203, 242], "$\\ensuremath{-}0.4$": [204], "$+0.2\\phantom{\\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\\mathrm{V}$": [206], "detected": [208], "spectroscopy.": [212], "data": [214], "indicate": [215], "significantly": [217], "stronger": [218], "chemical": [219], "interaction": [220], "metal": [225], "than": [227], "neighboring": [229], "layers": [230], "graphite.": [233], "uniformity": [235], "its": [240], "stability": [241], "high": [243], "air": [247], "suggest": [248], "application": [250], "as": [251], "template": [252], "for": [253], "nanostructures.": [254]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 21}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 26}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 24}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 28}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 39}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 25}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 49}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 73}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 59}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 72}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1974664861", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.55.1303", "title": "Si(001) Dimer Structure Observed with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy", "display_name": "Si(001) Dimer Structure Observed with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy", "relevance_score": 3150.7656, "publication_year": 1985, "publication_date": "1985-09-16", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1974664861", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.55.1303", "mag": "1974664861", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10031782"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevlett.55.1303", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.55.1303", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S24807848", "display_name": "Physical Review Letters", "issn_l": "0031-9007", "issn": ["0031-9007", "1079-7114", "1092-0145"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review Letters", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026224614", "display_name": "R. M. Tromp", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-2647"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "display_name": "IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/0265w5591", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "R. M. Tromp", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598", "IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights , New York, 10598"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights , New York, 10598", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5044102686", "display_name": "Robert J. Hamers", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3821-9625"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "display_name": "IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/0265w5591", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "R. J. Hamers", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598", "IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights , New York, 10598"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights , New York, 10598", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5077464603", "display_name": "J. E. Demuth", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0408-0656"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "display_name": "IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/0265w5591", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. E. Demuth", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598", "IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights , New York, 10598"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights , New York, 10598", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5026224614"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"], "apc_list": {"value": 3750, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3750}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 23.1365, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 656, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99905487, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 93, "max": 99}, "biblio": {"volume": "55", "issue": "12", "first_page": "1303", "last_page": "1306"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13531", "display_name": "Surface and Thin Film Phenomena", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10857", "display_name": "Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1315", "display_name": "Structural Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.902045726776123}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dimer", "display_name": "Dimer", "score": 0.7070071697235107}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.6173283457756042}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-spectroscopy", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "score": 0.5796564817428589}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-units", "display_name": "Atomic units", "score": 0.576816201210022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy", "display_name": "Microscopy", "score": 0.5059601664543152}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/conductive-atomic-force-microscopy", "display_name": "Conductive atomic force microscopy", "score": 0.4791495203971863}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-polarized-scanning-tunneling-microscopy", "display_name": "Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy", "score": 0.47241249680519104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-ion-conductance-microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning ion-conductance microscopy", "score": 0.470528244972229}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "score": 0.46630918979644775}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution", "display_name": "Resolution (logic)", "score": 0.4607447385787964}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-structure", "display_name": "Surface structure", "score": 0.4535542130470276}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-probe-microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "score": 0.4195292890071869}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-confocal-electron-microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning confocal electron microscopy", "score": 0.3938332200050354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallography", "display_name": "Crystallography", "score": 0.3809069097042084}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.35345786809921265}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-physics", "display_name": "Molecular physics", "score": 0.33543992042541504}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-force-microscopy", "display_name": "Atomic force microscopy", "score": 0.3297175168991089}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.2543799877166748}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.22879332304000854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.2119816541671753}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.18458455801010132}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-magnetic-resonance", "display_name": "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "score": 0.15920299291610718}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.05217951536178589}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.902045726776123}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779546866", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531306", "display_name": "Dimer", "level": 2, "score": 0.7070071697235107}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6173283457756042}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C194577767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651687", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.5796564817428589}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C66823137", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757568", "display_name": "Atomic units", "level": 2, "score": 0.576816201210022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147080431", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953", "display_name": "Microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.5059601664543152}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C206008964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159384", "display_name": "Conductive atomic force microscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.4791495203971863}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55143465", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577411", "display_name": "Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy", "level": 4, "score": 0.47241249680519104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C16777580", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430068", "display_name": "Scanning ion-conductance microscopy", "level": 4, "score": 0.470528244972229}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120398109", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "level": 2, "score": 0.46630918979644775}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138268822", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925", "display_name": "Resolution (logic)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4607447385787964}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2984360167", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63258245", "display_name": "Surface structure", "level": 2, "score": 0.4535542130470276}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36628996", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907287", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.4195292890071869}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C187921700", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430074", "display_name": "Scanning confocal electron microscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.3938332200050354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8010536", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398", "display_name": "Crystallography", "level": 1, "score": 0.3809069097042084}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.35345786809921265}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41999313", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489328", "display_name": "Molecular physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.33543992042541504}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C102951782", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49295", "display_name": "Atomic force microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.3297175168991089}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.2543799877166748}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.22879332304000854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.2119816541671753}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.18458455801010132}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C46141821", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402", "display_name": "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "level": 1, "score": 0.15920299291610718}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.05217951536178589}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevlett.55.1303", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.55.1303", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S24807848", "display_name": "Physical Review Letters", "issn_l": "0031-9007", "issn": ["0031-9007", "1079-7114", "1092-0145"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review Letters", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:10031782", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10031782", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical review letters", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.44999998807907104, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9", "display_name": "Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 21, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1979654866", "https://openalex.org/W1981003329", "https://openalex.org/W1988351253", "https://openalex.org/W1995345518", "https://openalex.org/W2000726168", "https://openalex.org/W2008597722", "https://openalex.org/W2010375817", "https://openalex.org/W2011035383", "https://openalex.org/W2011444980", "https://openalex.org/W2020983705", "https://openalex.org/W2024005524", "https://openalex.org/W2038984510", "https://openalex.org/W2040306273", "https://openalex.org/W2049544639", "https://openalex.org/W2067326868", "https://openalex.org/W2068248872", "https://openalex.org/W2068760557", "https://openalex.org/W2091795278", "https://openalex.org/W2096516455", "https://openalex.org/W2110167104", "https://openalex.org/W2314499971"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2616275348", "https://openalex.org/W1993749717", "https://openalex.org/W1486910393", "https://openalex.org/W2061570401", "https://openalex.org/W571997306", "https://openalex.org/W1200189546", "https://openalex.org/W2289275160", "https://openalex.org/W2765064521", "https://openalex.org/W4235050934", "https://openalex.org/W152494481"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Scanning": [0], "tunneling": [1], "microscopy": [2], "has": [3, 23], "been": [4, 24], "used": [5], "to": [6, 39], "determine": [7], "the": [8, 12, 21, 51], "atomic": [9], "structure": [10], "of": [11, 20, 30, 56], "clean": [13], "Si(001)": [14], "surface.": [15], "The": [16, 54], "basic": [17], "structural": [18], "unit": [19], "reconstruction": [22], "resolved": [25], "with": [26], "a": [27], "lateral": [28], "resolution": [29], "\\ensuremath{\\sim}": [31], "3": [32], "\\AA{}.": [33], "Buckled": [34], "and": [35], "nonbuckled": [36], "dimers": [37], "appear": [38], "be": [40], "present": [41], "in": [42], "roughly": [43], "equal": [44], "amounts,": [45], "indicating": [46], "that": [47], "they": [48], "have": [49], "nearly": [50], "same": [52], "energy.": [53], "presence": [55], "atomic-scale": [57], "defects": [58], "is": [59], "discussed.": [60]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 6}], "updated_date": "2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2065148460", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.71.1852", "title": "Quantum contact in gold nanostructures by scanning tunneling microscopy", "display_name": "Quantum contact in gold nanostructures by scanning tunneling microscopy", "relevance_score": 3120.6055, "publication_year": 1993, "publication_date": "1993-09-20", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2065148460", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.71.1852", "mag": "2065148460", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10054516"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevlett.71.1852", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.71.1852", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S24807848", "display_name": "Physical Review Letters", "issn_l": "0031-9007", "issn": ["0031-9007", "1079-7114", "1092-0145"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review Letters", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5030487390", "display_name": "Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Pascual", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-4747"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I63634437", "display_name": "Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cby8j38", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}], "countries": ["ES"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "J. I. Pascual", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Departamento de F\u00edsica Materia Condensada, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Departamento de F\u00edsica Materia Condensada, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5001946969", "display_name": "Javier M\u00e9ndez", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6882-1775"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I63634437", "display_name": "Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cby8j38", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}], "countries": ["ES"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. M\u00e9ndez", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Departamento de F\u00edsica Materia Condensada, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Departamento de F\u00edsica Materia Condensada, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5082023355", "display_name": "Julio G\u00f3mez\u2010Herrero", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8583-8061"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I63634437", "display_name": "Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cby8j38", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}], "countries": ["ES"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. G\u00f3mez-Herrero", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Departamento de F\u00edsica Materia Condensada, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Departamento de F\u00edsica Materia Condensada, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111906092", "display_name": "A. M. Bar\u00f3", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I63634437", "display_name": "Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cby8j38", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}], "countries": ["ES"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "A. M. Bar\u00f3", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Departamento de F\u00edsica Materia Condensada, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Departamento de F\u00edsica Materia Condensada, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101710723", "display_name": "N. Garc\u0131\u0301a", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6290"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I63634437", "display_name": "Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cby8j38", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}], "countries": ["ES"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "N. Garc\u00eda", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Departamento de F\u00edsica Materia Condensada, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Departamento de F\u00edsica Materia Condensada, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5033721417", "display_name": "Vu Thien Binh", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I100532134", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1", "ror": "https://ror.org/029brtt94", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I100532134", "https://openalex.org/I203339264"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I63634437", "display_name": "Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cby8j38", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}], "countries": ["ES", "FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Vu Thien Binh", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Departamento de F\u00edsica Materia Condensada, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain", "D\u00e9partment de Physique des Mat\u00e9riaux, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Departamento de F\u00edsica Materia Condensada, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "D\u00e9partment de Physique des Mat\u00e9riaux, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I100532134"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 6, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5030487390"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I63634437"], "apc_list": {"value": 3750, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3750}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 18.4453, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 583, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99797667, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 90, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "71", "issue": "12", "first_page": "1852", "last_page": "1855"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13531", "display_name": "Surface and Thin Film Phenomena", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10382", "display_name": "Quantum and electron transport phenomena", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.9194104671478271}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanostructure", "display_name": "Nanostructure", "score": 0.7613332271575928}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.703705370426178}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "score": 0.679056704044342}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.5935036540031433}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemical-scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.5925213098526001}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-spectroscopy", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "score": 0.5891181230545044}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy", "display_name": "Microscopy", "score": 0.564765989780426}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-probe-microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "score": 0.5056755542755127}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-resistance", "display_name": "Contact resistance", "score": 0.4802139699459076}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-polarized-scanning-tunneling-microscopy", "display_name": "Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy", "score": 0.4673398435115814}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "score": 0.38255584239959717}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.3741178810596466}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.26269441843032837}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.1390663981437683}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/layer", "display_name": "Layer (electronics)", "score": 0.06082531809806824}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.9194104671478271}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C186187911", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093894", "display_name": "Nanostructure", "level": 2, "score": 0.7613332271575928}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.703705370426178}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120398109", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "level": 2, "score": 0.679056704044342}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5935036540031433}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C5408304", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357978", "display_name": "Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 4, "score": 0.5925213098526001}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C194577767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651687", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.5891181230545044}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147080431", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953", "display_name": "Microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.564765989780426}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36628996", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907287", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.5056755542755127}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C123671423", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332329", "display_name": "Contact resistance", "level": 3, "score": 0.4802139699459076}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55143465", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577411", "display_name": "Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy", "level": 4, "score": 0.4673398435115814}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.38255584239959717}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3741178810596466}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.26269441843032837}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.1390663981437683}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779227376", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497", "display_name": "Layer (electronics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.06082531809806824}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevlett.71.1852", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.71.1852", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S24807848", "display_name": "Physical Review Letters", "issn_l": "0031-9007", "issn": ["0031-9007", "1079-7114", "1092-0145"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review Letters", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:10054516", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10054516", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical review letters", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 11, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1978700605", "https://openalex.org/W1988015533", "https://openalex.org/W1997000283", "https://openalex.org/W2013559926", "https://openalex.org/W2026663173", "https://openalex.org/W2029421666", "https://openalex.org/W2055325400", "https://openalex.org/W2069553474", "https://openalex.org/W2087788469", "https://openalex.org/W4205121238", "https://openalex.org/W4206568307"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2736483163", "https://openalex.org/W2071339353", "https://openalex.org/W2078095192", "https://openalex.org/W2079253054", "https://openalex.org/W2004379973", "https://openalex.org/W2976399150", "https://openalex.org/W4210360428", "https://openalex.org/W2000672732", "https://openalex.org/W2083705385", "https://openalex.org/W2883277329"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0], "paper": [1], "shows": [2], "that": [3, 35], "the": [4, 36, 46], "nanostructures": [5], "deposited": [6, 27], "at": [7], "room": [8], "temperature": [9], "in": [10, 28], "scanning": [11], "tunneling": [12], "microscopy": [13], "experiments": [14], "are": [15, 26], "produced": [16], "by": [17], "mechanical": [18], "contact": [19], "between": [20, 39], "tip": [21, 40], "and": [22, 31, 41, 45], "sample.": [23], "Gold": [24], "mounds": [25], "gold": [29], "substrates": [30], "it": [32], "is": [33, 43], "observed": [34], "current": [37], "flowing": [38], "sample": [42], "quantized": [44], "resistance": [47], "can": [48], "be": [49], "as": [50, 52], "low": [51], "100": [53], "\\ensuremath{\\Omega}.": [54]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 21}], "updated_date": "2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1974577042", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6816(98)00022-7", "title": "In situ scanning tunneling microscopy in electrolyte solutions", "display_name": "In situ scanning tunneling microscopy in electrolyte solutions", "relevance_score": 3080.886, "publication_year": 1998, "publication_date": "1998-07-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1974577042", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6816(98)00022-7", "mag": "1974577042"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/s0079-6816(98)00022-7", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6816(98)00022-7", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S98443392", "display_name": "Progress in Surface Science", "issn_l": "0079-6816", "issn": ["0079-6816", "1878-4240"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Progress in Surface Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5021493187", "display_name": "Kingo Itaya", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I201537933", "display_name": "Tohoku University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01dq60k83", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Kingo Itaya", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 04, Sendai 980-8579, Japan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 04, Sendai 980-8579, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5021493187"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I201537933"], "apc_list": {"value": 4010, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4010}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 16.5416, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 572, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.9968312, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 97, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "58", "issue": "3", "first_page": "121", "last_page": "247"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10913", "display_name": "Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13531", "display_name": "Surface and Thin Film Phenomena", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/underpotential-deposition", "display_name": "Underpotential deposition", "score": 0.8509864807128906}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.8153737783432007}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor", "display_name": "Semiconductor", "score": 0.6991788148880005}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemistry", "display_name": "Electrochemistry", "score": 0.5348400473594666}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.5281534194946289}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.5231707692146301}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electrolyte", "display_name": "Electrolyte", "score": 0.5011608600616455}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate", "display_name": "Substrate (aquarium)", "score": 0.48601800203323364}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "score": 0.4802604019641876}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode", "display_name": "Electrode", "score": 0.4656223952770233}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/in-situ", "display_name": "In situ", "score": 0.45876163244247437}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorption", "display_name": "Adsorption", "score": 0.42749568819999695}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.34407252073287964}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.2737986743450165}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclic-voltammetry", "display_name": "Cyclic voltammetry", "score": 0.14274656772613525}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-chemistry", "display_name": "Physical chemistry", "score": 0.1214064359664917}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776572004", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883754", "display_name": "Underpotential deposition", "level": 5, "score": 0.8509864807128906}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.8153737783432007}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C108225325", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456", "display_name": "Semiconductor", "level": 2, "score": 0.6991788148880005}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C52859227", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877", "display_name": "Electrochemistry", "level": 3, "score": 0.5348400473594666}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.5281534194946289}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5231707692146301}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C68801617", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908", "display_name": "Electrolyte", "level": 3, "score": 0.5011608600616455}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777289219", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154", "display_name": "Substrate (aquarium)", "level": 2, "score": 0.48601800203323364}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120398109", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "level": 2, "score": 0.4802604019641876}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17525397", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140", "display_name": "Electrode", "level": 2, "score": 0.4656223952770233}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777822432", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216681", "display_name": "In situ", "level": 2, "score": 0.45876163244247437}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C150394285", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254", "display_name": "Adsorption", "level": 2, "score": 0.42749568819999695}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.34407252073287964}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.2737986743450165}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777869211", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647", "display_name": "Cyclic voltammetry", "level": 4, "score": 0.14274656772613525}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147789679", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372", "display_name": "Physical chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.1214064359664917}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111368507", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518", "display_name": "Oceanography", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069", "display_name": "Geology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/s0079-6816(98)00022-7", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6816(98)00022-7", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S98443392", "display_name": "Progress in Surface Science", "issn_l": "0079-6816", "issn": ["0079-6816", "1878-4240"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Progress in Surface Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.5400000214576721, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9", "display_name": "Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 295, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W319455403", "https://openalex.org/W582114561", "https://openalex.org/W601465378", "https://openalex.org/W635113434", "https://openalex.org/W653163865", "https://openalex.org/W1492028545", "https://openalex.org/W1509250441", "https://openalex.org/W1521826617", "https://openalex.org/W1530128178", "https://openalex.org/W1555726980", "https://openalex.org/W1573969440", "https://openalex.org/W1585762288", "https://openalex.org/W1597491516", "https://openalex.org/W1606780594", "https://openalex.org/W1611463528", "https://openalex.org/W1727619955", "https://openalex.org/W1806263359", "https://openalex.org/W1963962385", "https://openalex.org/W1963963401", "https://openalex.org/W1964118108", "https://openalex.org/W1964439925", "https://openalex.org/W1964586848", "https://openalex.org/W1964657242", "https://openalex.org/W1964875443", "https://openalex.org/W1965571863", "https://openalex.org/W1965729811", "https://openalex.org/W1967390492", "https://openalex.org/W1967888528", "https://openalex.org/W1968159824", "https://openalex.org/W1968989248", "https://openalex.org/W1971815458", "https://openalex.org/W1972065228", "https://openalex.org/W1972763683", "https://openalex.org/W1973024993", "https://openalex.org/W1973125711", "https://openalex.org/W1973762122", "https://openalex.org/W1973850473", "https://openalex.org/W1973950254", "https://openalex.org/W1974179068", "https://openalex.org/W1974319204", "https://openalex.org/W1974393529", "https://openalex.org/W1974767172", "https://openalex.org/W1974842543", "https://openalex.org/W1974858666", "https://openalex.org/W1976178633", "https://openalex.org/W1976873157", "https://openalex.org/W1978119897", "https://openalex.org/W1978177991", "https://openalex.org/W1978697091", "https://openalex.org/W1979069073", "https://openalex.org/W1979430849", "https://openalex.org/W1980702388", "https://openalex.org/W1980991397", "https://openalex.org/W1981390728", "https://openalex.org/W1981493309", "https://openalex.org/W1981973307", "https://openalex.org/W1983644573", "https://openalex.org/W1984585628", "https://openalex.org/W1984605497", "https://openalex.org/W1984785280", "https://openalex.org/W1985277725", "https://openalex.org/W1985869252", "https://openalex.org/W1986310763", "https://openalex.org/W1987320568", "https://openalex.org/W1987522463", "https://openalex.org/W1987731395", "https://openalex.org/W1988097194", "https://openalex.org/W1988632271", "https://openalex.org/W1989050380", "https://openalex.org/W1989122934", "https://openalex.org/W1989326675", "https://openalex.org/W1989336153", "https://openalex.org/W1989739481", "https://openalex.org/W1990346084", "https://openalex.org/W1990543692", "https://openalex.org/W1990672662", "https://openalex.org/W1991560497", "https://openalex.org/W1991590115", "https://openalex.org/W1992215614", "https://openalex.org/W1993041614", "https://openalex.org/W1993720393", "https://openalex.org/W1993906384", "https://openalex.org/W1994356903", "https://openalex.org/W1995749239", "https://openalex.org/W1995896394", "https://openalex.org/W1996916358", "https://openalex.org/W1997698307", "https://openalex.org/W1998136078", "https://openalex.org/W1999120799", "https://openalex.org/W2000272459", "https://openalex.org/W2000660992", "https://openalex.org/W2001611094", "https://openalex.org/W2002837996", "https://openalex.org/W2003973805", "https://openalex.org/W2003982588", "https://openalex.org/W2004272400", "https://openalex.org/W2004581547", "https://openalex.org/W2005311427", "https://openalex.org/W2006376491", "https://openalex.org/W2006533874", "https://openalex.org/W2009779967", "https://openalex.org/W2011718438", "https://openalex.org/W2011949205", "https://openalex.org/W2012034232", "https://openalex.org/W2013567330", "https://openalex.org/W2013878376", "https://openalex.org/W2014311998", "https://openalex.org/W2014332887", "https://openalex.org/W2014475439", "https://openalex.org/W2015894483", "https://openalex.org/W2016860405", "https://openalex.org/W2017015916", "https://openalex.org/W2018508676", "https://openalex.org/W2018666829", "https://openalex.org/W2019649327", "https://openalex.org/W2019976699", "https://openalex.org/W2020082906", "https://openalex.org/W2020220769", "https://openalex.org/W2020620537", "https://openalex.org/W2020900745", "https://openalex.org/W2021063009", "https://openalex.org/W2021138424", "https://openalex.org/W2021226240", "https://openalex.org/W2021421740", "https://openalex.org/W2021998933", "https://openalex.org/W2022127348", "https://openalex.org/W2022655774", "https://openalex.org/W2023223897", "https://openalex.org/W2023839652", "https://openalex.org/W2023970830", "https://openalex.org/W2024331918", "https://openalex.org/W2024437531", "https://openalex.org/W2024620515", "https://openalex.org/W2025427002", "https://openalex.org/W2025452307", "https://openalex.org/W2025788030", "https://openalex.org/W2026480042", "https://openalex.org/W2026589009", "https://openalex.org/W2026788985", "https://openalex.org/W2026839090", "https://openalex.org/W2027253828", "https://openalex.org/W2028512723", "https://openalex.org/W2029435740", "https://openalex.org/W2031179482", "https://openalex.org/W2031876167", "https://openalex.org/W2031921766", "https://openalex.org/W2032253541", "https://openalex.org/W2032254802", "https://openalex.org/W2032819572", "https://openalex.org/W2034730904", "https://openalex.org/W2034756433", "https://openalex.org/W2035296402", "https://openalex.org/W2035870392", "https://openalex.org/W2036315547", "https://openalex.org/W2036430827", "https://openalex.org/W2036503100", "https://openalex.org/W2037528812", "https://openalex.org/W2037568625", "https://openalex.org/W2037850637", "https://openalex.org/W2038316306", "https://openalex.org/W2039387609", "https://openalex.org/W2039951145", "https://openalex.org/W2039981494", "https://openalex.org/W2040387481", "https://openalex.org/W2040626604", "https://openalex.org/W2040742578", "https://openalex.org/W2040866725", "https://openalex.org/W2041748784", "https://openalex.org/W2041956620", "https://openalex.org/W2043076611", "https://openalex.org/W2043377976", "https://openalex.org/W2043523262", "https://openalex.org/W2044158947", "https://openalex.org/W2044742366", "https://openalex.org/W2045870910", "https://openalex.org/W2045975033", "https://openalex.org/W2046462763", "https://openalex.org/W2046485345", "https://openalex.org/W2047174316", "https://openalex.org/W2047422849", "https://openalex.org/W2048849131", "https://openalex.org/W2049191830", "https://openalex.org/W2050263924", "https://openalex.org/W2050373287", "https://openalex.org/W2050768366", "https://openalex.org/W2052703248", "https://openalex.org/W2053050091", "https://openalex.org/W2055264994", "https://openalex.org/W2055639069", "https://openalex.org/W2056381287", "https://openalex.org/W2056907880", "https://openalex.org/W2057764537", "https://openalex.org/W2058897751", "https://openalex.org/W2059155664", "https://openalex.org/W2059779783", "https://openalex.org/W2060400653", "https://openalex.org/W2060775232", "https://openalex.org/W2060810286", "https://openalex.org/W2060846162", "https://openalex.org/W2061090265", "https://openalex.org/W2061863526", "https://openalex.org/W2062383623", "https://openalex.org/W2062880847", "https://openalex.org/W2063140846", "https://openalex.org/W2063205680", "https://openalex.org/W2063520474", "https://openalex.org/W2063696784", "https://openalex.org/W2063857060", "https://openalex.org/W2064781970", "https://openalex.org/W2064909217", "https://openalex.org/W2065243933", "https://openalex.org/W2065325569", "https://openalex.org/W2065328789", "https://openalex.org/W2066262249", "https://openalex.org/W2066534921", "https://openalex.org/W2066644038", "https://openalex.org/W2067461341", "https://openalex.org/W2068056332", "https://openalex.org/W2068954101", "https://openalex.org/W2069530680", "https://openalex.org/W2069575579", "https://openalex.org/W2070187372", "https://openalex.org/W2070254998", "https://openalex.org/W2070369025", "https://openalex.org/W2071360924", "https://openalex.org/W2072257002", "https://openalex.org/W2074396447", "https://openalex.org/W2074523678", "https://openalex.org/W2075027318", "https://openalex.org/W2075091546", "https://openalex.org/W2075430859", "https://openalex.org/W2075454934", "https://openalex.org/W2075569842", "https://openalex.org/W2077405590", "https://openalex.org/W2077657091", "https://openalex.org/W2078421888", "https://openalex.org/W2078862510", "https://openalex.org/W2079715982", "https://openalex.org/W2081201393", "https://openalex.org/W2081422493", "https://openalex.org/W2081516158", "https://openalex.org/W2082001964", "https://openalex.org/W2082002671", "https://openalex.org/W2082742598", "https://openalex.org/W2085905029", "https://openalex.org/W2087671554", "https://openalex.org/W2088013395", "https://openalex.org/W2088024005", "https://openalex.org/W2088435158", "https://openalex.org/W2089214480", "https://openalex.org/W2089466516", "https://openalex.org/W2090249563", "https://openalex.org/W2091176423", "https://openalex.org/W2091443373", "https://openalex.org/W2091678940", "https://openalex.org/W2091973101", "https://openalex.org/W2092122420", "https://openalex.org/W2092594506", "https://openalex.org/W2092714605", "https://openalex.org/W2093542429", "https://openalex.org/W2094264357", "https://openalex.org/W2095149591", "https://openalex.org/W2096601592", "https://openalex.org/W2100195491", "https://openalex.org/W2101198840", "https://openalex.org/W2103370271", "https://openalex.org/W2105015385", "https://openalex.org/W2106640691", "https://openalex.org/W2111806922", "https://openalex.org/W2112001321", "https://openalex.org/W2125960719", "https://openalex.org/W2133675212", "https://openalex.org/W2134852492", "https://openalex.org/W2145884973", "https://openalex.org/W2150571482", "https://openalex.org/W2162223239", "https://openalex.org/W2166525830", "https://openalex.org/W2323563659", "https://openalex.org/W2479268044", "https://openalex.org/W2504810219", "https://openalex.org/W2949875195", "https://openalex.org/W2951348864", "https://openalex.org/W2953112512", "https://openalex.org/W2953325019", "https://openalex.org/W3022361695", "https://openalex.org/W3193199926", "https://openalex.org/W3215798690", "https://openalex.org/W4214680508", "https://openalex.org/W4237257004", "https://openalex.org/W4240590824", "https://openalex.org/W4243711734", "https://openalex.org/W4251776248", "https://openalex.org/W4252372322", "https://openalex.org/W4252714705", "https://openalex.org/W4319721064"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W5159794", "https://openalex.org/W2164604333", "https://openalex.org/W2328705059", "https://openalex.org/W2062383623", "https://openalex.org/W1978177991", "https://openalex.org/W2014262626", "https://openalex.org/W2951079464", "https://openalex.org/W2004313156", "https://openalex.org/W1560904593", "https://openalex.org/W2126912261"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 16}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 16}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 15}], "updated_date": "2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4319721064", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.41.5701", "title": "Surface reconstructions of GaAs(100) observed by scanning tunneling microscopy", "display_name": "Surface reconstructions of GaAs(100) observed by scanning tunneling microscopy", "relevance_score": 3046.0942, "publication_year": 1990, "publication_date": "1990-03-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4319721064", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.41.5701", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9994453"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.41.5701", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.41.5701", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174675", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "issn_l": "0163-1829", "issn": ["0163-1829", "1095-3795"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080091379", "display_name": "D. K. Biegelsen", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I173498003", "display_name": "Palo Alto Research Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/0529fxt39", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173498003", "https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "D. K. Biegelsen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Xerox Corporation, Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California 94304"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Xerox Corporation, Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California 94304", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111678641", "display_name": "R. D. Bringans", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I173498003", "display_name": "Palo Alto Research Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/0529fxt39", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173498003", "https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "R. D. Bringans", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Xerox Corporation, Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California 94304"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Xerox Corporation, Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California 94304", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110247254", "display_name": "John E. Northrup", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I173498003", "display_name": "Palo Alto Research Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/0529fxt39", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173498003", "https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. E. Northrup", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Xerox Corporation, Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California 94304"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Xerox Corporation, Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California 94304", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111954399", "display_name": "L.-E. Swartz", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I173498003", "display_name": "Palo Alto Research Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/0529fxt39", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173498003", "https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "L.-E. Swartz", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Xerox Corporation, Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California 94304"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Xerox Corporation, Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California 94304", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5080091379"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I173498003"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 30.0213, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 665, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99966287, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "41", "issue": "9", "first_page": "5701", "last_page": "5706"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13531", "display_name": "Surface and Thin Film Phenomena", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13531", "display_name": "Surface and Thin Film Phenomena", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13552", "display_name": "Advanced Materials Characterization Techniques", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10382", "display_name": "Quantum and electron transport phenomena", "score": 0.9991000294685364, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.7920872569084167}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.5798079967498779}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-reconstruction", "display_name": "Surface reconstruction", "score": 0.5741140246391296}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-diffraction", "display_name": "Electron diffraction", "score": 0.5082525610923767}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/surface", "display_name": "Surface (topology)", "score": 0.47904980182647705}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/diffraction", "display_name": "Diffraction", "score": 0.46640530228614807}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallography", "display_name": "Crystallography", "score": 0.46448880434036255}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.3461207449436188}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-physics", "display_name": "Atomic physics", "score": 0.3220694065093994}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "score": 0.3183607757091522}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.23920124769210815}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry", "display_name": "Geometry", "score": 0.1658879518508911}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.104641854763031}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.7920872569084167}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.5798079967498779}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C20885615", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q825595", "display_name": "Surface reconstruction", "level": 3, "score": 0.5741140246391296}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77557913", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864822", "display_name": "Electron diffraction", "level": 3, "score": 0.5082525610923767}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776799497", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298", "display_name": "Surface (topology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.47904980182647705}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C207114421", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900", "display_name": "Diffraction", "level": 2, "score": 0.46640530228614807}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8010536", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398", "display_name": "Crystallography", "level": 1, "score": 0.46448880434036255}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3461207449436188}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C184779094", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383", "display_name": "Atomic physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3220694065093994}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3183607757091522}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.23920124769210815}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.1658879518508911}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.104641854763031}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.41.5701", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.41.5701", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174675", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "issn_l": "0163-1829", "issn": ["0163-1829", "1095-3795"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:9994453", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9994453", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.4399999976158142, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7", "display_name": "Affordable and clean energy"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 15, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1964797158", "https://openalex.org/W1972946999", "https://openalex.org/W1973125711", "https://openalex.org/W1982042822", "https://openalex.org/W1998220577", "https://openalex.org/W2024962018", "https://openalex.org/W2029911976", "https://openalex.org/W2031375804", "https://openalex.org/W2042853877", "https://openalex.org/W2054130118", "https://openalex.org/W2071642821", "https://openalex.org/W2073092355", "https://openalex.org/W2074370128", "https://openalex.org/W2118883607", "https://openalex.org/W2368440879"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2080099677", "https://openalex.org/W1668663648", "https://openalex.org/W2028534847", "https://openalex.org/W4253996626", "https://openalex.org/W2064026934", "https://openalex.org/W1979098288", "https://openalex.org/W2057269637", "https://openalex.org/W2083481614", "https://openalex.org/W1794102765", "https://openalex.org/W2167477570"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"We": [0], "present": [1], "atomic-resolution": [2], "images,": [3], "obtained": [4], "with": [5, 107], "scanning": [6], "tunneling": [7], "microscopy": [8], "(STM),": [9], "of": [10, 14, 24, 29, 80, 91], "the": [11, 25, 48, 78, 109], "various": [12], "reconstructions": [13], "smooth,": [15], "in": [16, 55], "situ": [17], "grown": [18], "GaAs(100)": [19], "surfaces.": [20], "The": [21, 51, 85], "outermost": [22], "layer": [23], "c(4\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}4)": [26], "reconstruction": [27], "consists": [28], "three": [30, 41], "As-As": [31, 42, 66], "adatom": [32], "dimers": [33, 43, 94, 98], "parallel": [34], "to": [35, 75], "[011].": [36], "Cells": [37], "containing": [38, 64], "two": [39, 65, 92, 96], "or": [40], "have": [44], "been": [45], "observed": [46], "on": [47], "2\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}4": [49], "surface.": [50], "``1\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}6''": [52], "surface": [53, 87], "seen": [54, 74], "low-energy": [56], "electron": [57], "diffraction": [58], "has": [59], "a": [60], "2\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}6": [61, 81], "unit": [62], "cell": [63], "dimers.": [67], "Diffraction": [68], "patterns": [69], "implying": [70], "4\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}6": [71], "symmetry": [72], "are": [73, 105, 115], "arise": [76], "from": [77], "coexistence": [79], "and": [82, 95, 112], "4\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}2": [83, 100], "units.": [84], "c(8\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}2)": [86], "is": [88], "made": [89], "up": [90], "Ga-Ga": [93], "missing": [97], "per": [99], "cell.": [101], "Atomic": [102], "models,": [103], "which": [104], "consistent": [106], "both": [108], "STM": [110], "images": [111], "electron-counting": [113], "heuristics,": [114], "also": [116], "shown.": [117]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 8}], "updated_date": "2026-03-01T08:55:55.761014", "created_date": "2023-02-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2013193999", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.42.9307", "title": "Scanning tunneling microscopy observations on the reconstructed Au(111) surface: Atomic structure, long-range superstructure, rotational domains, and surface defects", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscopy observations on the reconstructed Au(111) surface: Atomic structure, long-range superstructure, rotational domains, and surface defects", "relevance_score": 3021.367, "publication_year": 1990, "publication_date": "1990-11-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2013193999", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.42.9307", "mag": "2013193999", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9995168"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.42.9307", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.42.9307", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174675", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "issn_l": "0163-1829", "issn": ["0163-1829", "1095-3795"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/135734", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5081873841", "display_name": "Johannes V. Barth", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6270-2150"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800875726", "display_name": "Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society", "ror": "https://ror.org/03k9qs827", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I2800875726"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "J. V. Barth", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-1000 Berlin 33, West Germany", "Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-1000 Berlin 33 - West, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-1000 Berlin 33, West Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800875726"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-1000 Berlin 33 - West, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800875726"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5039713048", "display_name": "Harald Brune", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4459-3111"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800875726", "display_name": "Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society", "ror": "https://ror.org/03k9qs827", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I2800875726"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "H. Brune", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-1000 Berlin 33, West Germany", "Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-1000 Berlin 33 - West, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-1000 Berlin 33, West Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800875726"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-1000 Berlin 33 - West, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800875726"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002714574", "display_name": "G. Ertl", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800875726", "display_name": "Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society", "ror": "https://ror.org/03k9qs827", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I2800875726"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "G. Ertl", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-1000 Berlin 33, West Germany", "Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-1000 Berlin 33 - West, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-1000 Berlin 33, West Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800875726"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-1000 Berlin 33 - West, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800875726"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5083574245", "display_name": "R. J\u00fcrgen Behm", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7565-0628"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800875726", "display_name": "Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society", "ror": "https://ror.org/03k9qs827", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I2800875726"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I8204097", "display_name": "Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen", "ror": "https://ror.org/05591te55", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "R. J. Behm", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-1000 Berlin 33, West Germany", "Institut f\u00fcr Kristallographie und Mineralogie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Theresienstrasse 41, D-8000 M\u00fcnchen 2, West Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-1000 Berlin 33, West Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800875726"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Kristallographie und Mineralogie, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Theresienstrasse 41, D-8000 M\u00fcnchen 2, West Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5081873841"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800875726"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 15.3295, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 1338, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99664306, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "42", "issue": "15", "first_page": "9307", "last_page": "9318"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13531", "display_name": "Surface and Thin Film Phenomena", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13531", "display_name": "Surface and Thin Film Phenomena", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13552", "display_name": "Advanced Materials Characterization Techniques", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/stacking", "display_name": "Stacking", "score": 0.7779926061630249}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.7047335505485535}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-reconstruction", "display_name": "Surface reconstruction", "score": 0.629977822303772}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/superstructure", "display_name": "Superstructure", "score": 0.5953735113143921}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/stacking-fault", "display_name": "Stacking fault", "score": 0.592275857925415}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "score": 0.5538191795349121}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.5300495624542236}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallography", "display_name": "Crystallography", "score": 0.5266478061676025}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bar", "display_name": "Bar (unit)", "score": 0.5160255432128906}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/surface", "display_name": "Surface (topology)", "score": 0.44205307960510254}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/transition-metal", "display_name": "Transition metal", "score": 0.4176613688468933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.41263046860694885}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "score": 0.4111570715904236}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-physics", "display_name": "Molecular physics", "score": 0.3743947744369507}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry", "display_name": "Geometry", "score": 0.2923504114151001}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-magnetic-resonance", "display_name": "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "score": 0.15352001786231995}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.12346124649047852}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C33347731", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285210", "display_name": "Stacking", "level": 2, "score": 0.7779926061630249}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.7047335505485535}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C20885615", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q825595", "display_name": "Surface reconstruction", "level": 3, "score": 0.629977822303772}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C195899389", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370583", "display_name": "Superstructure", "level": 2, "score": 0.5953735113143921}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778536302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19630360", "display_name": "Stacking fault", "level": 3, "score": 0.592275857925415}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.5538191795349121}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5300495624542236}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8010536", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398", "display_name": "Crystallography", "level": 1, "score": 0.5266478061676025}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188721877", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103510", "display_name": "Bar (unit)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5160255432128906}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776799497", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298", "display_name": "Surface (topology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.44205307960510254}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C106773901", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19588", "display_name": "Transition metal", "level": 3, "score": 0.4176613688468933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.41263046860694885}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120398109", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "level": 2, "score": 0.4111570715904236}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41999313", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489328", "display_name": "Molecular physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3743947744369507}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.2923504114151001}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C46141821", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402", "display_name": "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "level": 1, "score": 0.15352001786231995}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.12346124649047852}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153294291", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261", "display_name": "Meteorology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C161790260", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264", "display_name": "Catalysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C97355855", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.42.9307", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.42.9307", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174675", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "issn_l": "0163-1829", "issn": ["0163-1829", "1095-3795"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:9995168", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9995168", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:135734", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/135734", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400487", "display_name": "Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:135734", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/135734", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400487", "display_name": "Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.699999988079071, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11", "display_name": "Sustainable cities and communities"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 32, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W409714938", "https://openalex.org/W1568796153", "https://openalex.org/W1592171891", "https://openalex.org/W1967417957", "https://openalex.org/W1970217613", "https://openalex.org/W1973858916", "https://openalex.org/W1976505921", "https://openalex.org/W1977325871", "https://openalex.org/W1982459029", "https://openalex.org/W1989056684", "https://openalex.org/W1993865732", "https://openalex.org/W1994419159", "https://openalex.org/W1995787364", "https://openalex.org/W2000773400", "https://openalex.org/W2012913084", "https://openalex.org/W2025995488", "https://openalex.org/W2029556014", "https://openalex.org/W2031930804", "https://openalex.org/W2034569309", "https://openalex.org/W2035007577", "https://openalex.org/W2040306273", "https://openalex.org/W2041589741", "https://openalex.org/W2043460818", "https://openalex.org/W2050109096", "https://openalex.org/W2050946375", "https://openalex.org/W2072620858", "https://openalex.org/W2079954354", "https://openalex.org/W2086103188", "https://openalex.org/W2091864165", "https://openalex.org/W2163477414", "https://openalex.org/W3116600147", "https://openalex.org/W4242305431"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2995342071", "https://openalex.org/W1999016665", "https://openalex.org/W2080099677", "https://openalex.org/W2056581517", "https://openalex.org/W2039557209", "https://openalex.org/W2058501691", "https://openalex.org/W2055217321", "https://openalex.org/W2022274270", "https://openalex.org/W4296927347", "https://openalex.org/W1582544252"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"High-resolution": [0], "scanning": [1], "tunneling": [2, 126, 142], "microscopy": [3], "data": [4], "on": [5, 141, 213, 241, 322], "the": [6, 18, 21, 25, 33, 37, 40, 44, 65, 72, 82, 93, 105, 116, 125, 129, 152, 159, 170, 194, 224, 231, 257, 295, 300, 311, 315, 319, 323, 333, 337, 341], "reconstructed": [7, 34], "Au(111)": [8], "surface": [9, 30, 66], "are": [10, 77, 155, 206, 308], "presented": [11], "that": [12, 71], "give": [13], "a": [14, 189, 209, 242, 254, 281], "comprehensive": [15], "picture": [16], "of": [17, 39, 55, 89, 124, 193, 246, 256, 276, 284, 318], "atomic": [19, 130], "structure,": [20, 43], "long-range": [22, 181, 217], "ordering,": [23], "and": [24, 29, 109, 144, 173, 236, 289, 314, 328], "interaction": [26, 331], "between": [27, 107], "reconstruction": [28, 258, 302, 312, 320, 338], "defects": [31, 291], "in": [32, 64, 92, 101, 115, 208, 272, 326], "surface.": [35], "On": [36], "basis": [38], "atomically": [41], "resolved": [42], "stacking-fault-domain": [45], "model": [46], "involving": [47], "periodic": [48, 191], "transitions": [49], "from": [50, 158], "fcc": [51, 108, 165], "to": [52, 136, 227], "hcp": [53, 110], "stacking": [54, 84, 149, 166, 265], "top-layer": [56], "atoms": [57], "is": [58, 100, 121, 167, 175, 183, 186], "confirmed.": [59], "The": [60, 86, 112, 269], "practically": [61], "uniform": [62], "contraction": [63, 235, 240], "layer": [67], "along": [68, 98], "[11\\ifmmode\\bar\\else\\textasciimacron\\fi{}0]": [69], "indicates": [70], "previously": [73], "proposed": [74], "soliton": [75], "functionalisms": [76], "not": [78, 293], "correct": [79], "descriptions": [80], "for": [81, 169], "fcc\\ensuremath{\\rightarrow}hcp": [83], "transition.": [85], "lateral": [87], "displacement": [88, 114], "\\ensuremath{\\sim}0.9": [90], "\\AA{}": [91, 133], "${(}_{\\mathrm{\\ensuremath{-}}1}^{22}$": [94], "$_{2}^{0}$)": [95], "unit": [96, 153], "cell": [97, 154], "[112\\ifmmode\\bar\\else\\textasciimacron\\fi{}]": [99], "good": [102], "agreement": [103], "with": [104], "transition": [106, 117], "stacking.": [111], "vertical": [113], "regions": [118, 150], "(0.20\\ifmmode\\pm\\else\\textpm\\fi{}0.05": [119], "\\AA{})": [120, 138], "largely": [122], "independent": [123], "parameters,": [127], "while": [128], "corrugation": [131, 196, 261, 286], "(0.2": [132], "typically,": [134], "up": [135], "1": [137], "depends": [139], "strongly": [140], "parameters": [143], "tip": [145], "conditions.The": [146], "two": [147], "different": [148, 264], "within": [151], "directly": [156], "identified": [157], "domain": [160, 348], "pattern": [161, 283, 321, 339], "at": [162, 340, 346], "step": [163, 334], "edges;": [164], "deduced": [168], "wider": [171], "areas": [172], "thus": [174], "energetically": [176], "more": [177], "favorable.": [178], "A": [179], "new": [180], "superstructure": [182], "reported.": [184], "It": [185], "created": [187], "by": [188, 198, 253, 280, 310], "correlated": [190], "bending": [192], "parallel": [195], "lines": [197, 278], "\\ifmmode\\pm\\else\\textpm\\fi{}120\\ifmmode^\\circ\\else\\textdegree\\fi{}": [199], "every": [200], "250": [201], "\\AA{},": [202], "i.e.,": [203], "rotational": [204, 247, 347], "domains": [205, 248], "arranged": [207], "zigzag": [210], "pattern.": [211, 303], "Interactions": [212], "this": [214], "scale": [215], "indicate": [216], "elastic": [218], "lattice": [219], "strain.": [220], "This": [221], "structure": [222], "reflects": [223, 330], "overall": [225], "tendency": [226], "isotropic": [228, 239], "contraction,": [229], "combining": [230], "locally": [232], "favorable": [233], "uniaxial": [234], "an": [237], "effective": [238], "larger": [243], "scale.": [244], "Boundaries": [245], "can": [249, 298], "also": [250], "be": [251], "formed": [252], "termination": [255, 270], "lines.": [259, 287], "Individual": [260], "lines,": [262, 313], "separating": [263], "regions,": [266], "cannot": [267], "disappear.": [268], "occurs": [271], "well-ordered,": [273], "U-shaped": [274], "connections": [275], "neighbored": [277], "or": [279], "complicated": [282], "entangled": [285], "Steps": [288], "bulk": [290], "do": [292], "inhibit": [294], "reconstruction,": [296], "but": [297], "affect": [299], "local": [301], "In": [304], "most": [305], "cases": [306], "steps": [307, 342], "crossed": [309], "strict": [316], "correlation": [317], "terraces,": [324], "both": [325], "phase": [327], "orientation,": [329], "over": [332], "edge.": [335], "Sometimes": [336], "resembles": [343], "those": [344], "found": [345], "boundaries.": [349]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 28}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 24}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 25}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 27}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 58}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 31}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 36}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 45}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 26}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 37}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 35}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 55}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 37}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 49}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2031482583", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.66.1998", "title": "Activation energy for surface diffusion of Si on Si(001): A scanning-tunneling-microscopy study", "display_name": "Activation energy for surface diffusion of Si on Si(001): A scanning-tunneling-microscopy study", "relevance_score": 2960.4338, "publication_year": 1991, "publication_date": "1991-04-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2031482583", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.66.1998", "mag": "2031482583", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10043364"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevlett.66.1998", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.66.1998", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S24807848", "display_name": "Physical Review Letters", "issn_l": "0031-9007", "issn": ["0031-9007", "1079-7114", "1092-0145"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review Letters", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5089293316", "display_name": "Y. W. Mo", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4210-4572"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I135310074", "display_name": "University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison", "ror": "https://ror.org/01y2jtd41", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Y. W. Mo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706", "University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5039822040", "display_name": "Jonas Kleiner", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1985-0382"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I135310074", "display_name": "University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison", "ror": "https://ror.org/01y2jtd41", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. Kleiner", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706", "University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109087156", "display_name": "M. B. Webb", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I135310074", "display_name": "University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison", "ror": "https://ror.org/01y2jtd41", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "M. B. Webb", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706", "University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056918767", "display_name": "M. G. Lagally", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I135310074", "display_name": "University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison", "ror": "https://ror.org/01y2jtd41", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "M. G. Lagally", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706", "University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5089293316"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"], "apc_list": {"value": 3750, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3750}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 34.7475, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 728, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99962072, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 97, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "66", "issue": "15", "first_page": "1998", "last_page": "2001"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13531", "display_name": "Surface and Thin Film Phenomena", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13531", "display_name": "Surface and Thin Film Phenomena", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10857", "display_name": "Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1315", "display_name": "Structural Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11853", "display_name": "Semiconductor materials and interfaces", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.9096430540084839}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.6213921308517456}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-energy", "display_name": "Activation energy", "score": 0.617368221282959}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion", "display_name": "Diffusion", "score": 0.6017775535583496}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-diffusion", "display_name": "Surface diffusion", "score": 0.5685040354728699}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "score": 0.5337145328521729}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/energy", "display_name": "Energy (signal processing)", "score": 0.49076446890830994}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dimer", "display_name": "Dimer", "score": 0.48623815178871155}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-spectroscopy", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "score": 0.45155322551727295}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/deposition", "display_name": "Deposition (geology)", "score": 0.439010888338089}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/surface", "display_name": "Surface (topology)", "score": 0.41219761967658997}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "score": 0.3803223669528961}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.3075013756752014}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.27908438444137573}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-magnetic-resonance", "display_name": "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "score": 0.17598584294319153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.1563539206981659}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.1462787389755249}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-chemistry", "display_name": "Physical chemistry", "score": 0.14508932828903198}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorption", "display_name": "Adsorption", "score": 0.10780593752861023}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry", "display_name": "Geometry", "score": 0.08629187941551208}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "score": 0.07920277118682861}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.0680798590183258}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.9096430540084839}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6213921308517456}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95121573", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190474", "display_name": "Activation energy", "level": 2, "score": 0.617368221282959}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C69357855", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214", "display_name": "Diffusion", "level": 2, "score": 0.6017775535583496}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15696416", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027666", "display_name": "Surface diffusion", "level": 3, "score": 0.5685040354728699}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120398109", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "level": 2, "score": 0.5337145328521729}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C186370098", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787", "display_name": "Energy (signal processing)", "level": 2, "score": 0.49076446890830994}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779546866", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531306", "display_name": "Dimer", "level": 2, "score": 0.48623815178871155}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C194577767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651687", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.45155322551727295}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C64297162", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987070", "display_name": "Deposition (geology)", "level": 3, "score": 0.439010888338089}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776799497", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298", "display_name": "Surface (topology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.41219761967658997}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3803223669528961}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3075013756752014}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.27908438444137573}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C46141821", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402", "display_name": "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "level": 1, "score": 0.17598584294319153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.1563539206981659}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.1462787389755249}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147789679", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372", "display_name": "Physical chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.14508932828903198}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C150394285", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254", "display_name": "Adsorption", "level": 2, "score": 0.10780593752861023}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.08629187941551208}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C97355855", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "level": 1, "score": 0.07920277118682861}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0680798590183258}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2816523", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180184", "display_name": "Sediment", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205", "display_name": "Paleontology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevlett.66.1998", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.66.1998", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S24807848", "display_name": "Physical Review Letters", "issn_l": "0031-9007", "issn": ["0031-9007", "1079-7114", "1092-0145"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review Letters", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:10043364", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10043364", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical review letters", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.75, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14", "display_name": "Life below water"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 13, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W162050314", "https://openalex.org/W632367229", "https://openalex.org/W2003534154", "https://openalex.org/W2019189624", "https://openalex.org/W2022308914", "https://openalex.org/W2029241703", "https://openalex.org/W2052185543", "https://openalex.org/W2057770087", "https://openalex.org/W2058294013", "https://openalex.org/W2089076027", "https://openalex.org/W2090256122", "https://openalex.org/W2093388038", "https://openalex.org/W2169784773"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2078095192", "https://openalex.org/W2062944294", "https://openalex.org/W2040995370", "https://openalex.org/W2046853474", "https://openalex.org/W2107214003", "https://openalex.org/W2976399150", "https://openalex.org/W2026301659", "https://openalex.org/W2021726762", "https://openalex.org/W1439700302", "https://openalex.org/W2057583275"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 23], "migration": [1], "of": [2, 14], "Si": [3], "on": [4], "Si(001)": [5], "has": [6], "been": [7], "investigated": [8], "by": [9], "analyzing": [10], "the": [11, 31, 37], "number": [12], "density": [13], "islands": [15], "formed": [16], "during": [17], "deposition": [18], "using": [19], "scanning": [20], "tunneling": [21], "microscopy.": [22], "activation": [24], "energy": [25], "and": [26, 47], "prefactor": [27], "for": [28], "diffusion": [29], "in": [30], "fast": [32], "direction,": [33], "which": [34], "is": [35], "along": [36], "surface": [38], "dimer": [39], "rows,": [40], "are": [41], "found": [42], "to": [43], "be": [44], "0.67\\ifmmode\\pm\\else\\textpm\\fi{}0.08": [45], "eV": [46], "\\ensuremath{\\sim}${10}^{\\mathrm{\\ensuremath{-}}3}$": [48], "${\\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec,": [49], "respectively.": [50]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 8}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2051560676", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05265", "title": "Thermal radiation scanning tunnelling microscopy", "display_name": "Thermal radiation scanning tunnelling microscopy", "relevance_score": 2951.266, "publication_year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-12-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2051560676", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05265", "mag": "2051560676", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17151664"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/nature05265", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05265", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "display_name": "Nature", "issn_l": "0028-0836", "issn": ["0028-0836", "1476-4687"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078251670", "display_name": "Yannick De Wilde", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5973-1460"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98910050", "display_name": "ESPCI Paris", "ror": "https://ror.org/03zx86w41", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I190752583", "https://openalex.org/I2746051580", "https://openalex.org/I98910050"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I29607241", "display_name": "\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure - PSL", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0dhs15", "country_code": "FR", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2746051580", "https://openalex.org/I29607241"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yannick De Wilde", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratoire d'Optique Physique, Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, CNRS-UPR A0005, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France. dewilde@optique.espci.fr", "Laboratoire d\u2019Optique Physique, Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, CNRS-UPR A0005, Paris, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire d'Optique Physique, Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, CNRS-UPR A0005, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France. dewilde@optique.espci.fr", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98910050", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire d\u2019Optique Physique, Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, CNRS-UPR A0005, Paris, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I29607241", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5025578493", "display_name": "F. Formanek", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I29607241", "display_name": "\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure - PSL", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0dhs15", "country_code": "FR", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2746051580", "https://openalex.org/I29607241"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I98910050", "display_name": "ESPCI Paris", "ror": "https://ror.org/03zx86w41", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I190752583", "https://openalex.org/I2746051580", "https://openalex.org/I98910050"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Florian Formanek", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["D\u00e9partement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75231, Paris, Cedex 05, France", "Laboratoire d\u2019Optique Physique, Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, CNRS-UPR A0005, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, 75005, France", "Laboratoire d\u2019Optique Physique, Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, CNRS-UPR A0005, Paris, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "D\u00e9partement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75231, Paris, Cedex 05, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I29607241"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire d\u2019Optique Physique, Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, CNRS-UPR A0005, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, 75005, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98910050", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire d\u2019Optique Physique, Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, CNRS-UPR A0005, Paris, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I29607241", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103825687", "display_name": "R\u00e9mi Carminati", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I216852786", "display_name": "\u00c9cole Centrale Paris", "ror": "https://ror.org/00v0y5771", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I216852786"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "R\u00e9mi Carminati", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratoire EM2C, Ecole Centrale Paris, CNRS, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295, Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry Cedex, France", "Laboratoire EM2C, Ecole Centrale Paris, CNRS, Grande Voie des Vignes, Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry Cedex, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire EM2C, Ecole Centrale Paris, CNRS, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295, Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry Cedex, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I216852786", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire EM2C, Ecole Centrale Paris, CNRS, Grande Voie des Vignes, Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry Cedex, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I216852786", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5072133859", "display_name": "Boris Gralak", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210125985", "display_name": "Institut Fresnel", "ror": "https://ror.org/03br1wy20", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I21491767", "https://openalex.org/I4210095849", "https://openalex.org/I4210125985", "https://openalex.org/I4210142724"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Boris Gralak", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut Fresnel, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de St J\u00e9r\u00f4me, CNRS, case 161, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397, Marseille, cedex 20, France", "Institut Fresnel, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de St J\u00e9r\u00f4me, CNRS, Marseille, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut Fresnel, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de St J\u00e9r\u00f4me, CNRS, case 161, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397, Marseille, cedex 20, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210125985", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut Fresnel, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques de St J\u00e9r\u00f4me, CNRS, Marseille, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109838425", "display_name": "Paul-Arthur Lemoine", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I98910050", "display_name": "ESPCI Paris", "ror": "https://ror.org/03zx86w41", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I190752583", "https://openalex.org/I2746051580", "https://openalex.org/I98910050"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I29607241", "display_name": "\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure - PSL", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0dhs15", "country_code": "FR", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2746051580", "https://openalex.org/I29607241"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Paul-Arthur Lemoine", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratoire d\u2019Optique Physique, Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, CNRS-UPR A0005, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, 75005, France", "Laboratoire d\u2019Optique Physique, Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, CNRS-UPR A0005, Paris, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire d\u2019Optique Physique, Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, CNRS-UPR A0005, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, 75005, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98910050", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire d\u2019Optique Physique, Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, CNRS-UPR A0005, Paris, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I29607241", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109166365", "display_name": "Karl Joulain", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I171246369", "display_name": "\u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de M\u00e9canique et d'A\u00e9rotechnique", "ror": "https://ror.org/04jx68594", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I171246369"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Karl Joulain", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratoire d\u2019Etudes Thermiques, Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de M\u00e9canique et d\u2019A\u00e9rotechnique, BP 109, 86960, Futuroscope Cedex, France", "Laboratoire d\u2019Etudes Thermiques, Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de M\u00e9canique et d\u2019A\u00e9rotechnique, Futuroscope Cedex, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire d\u2019Etudes Thermiques, Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de M\u00e9canique et d\u2019A\u00e9rotechnique, BP 109, 86960, Futuroscope Cedex, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I171246369"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire d\u2019Etudes Thermiques, Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de M\u00e9canique et d\u2019A\u00e9rotechnique, Futuroscope Cedex, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I171246369"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108468933", "display_name": "Jean\u2010Philippe Mulet", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4387154789", "display_name": "Saint-Gobain Recherche Paris", "ror": "https://ror.org/04mnmrh54", "country_code": null, "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4387154789"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I123791789", "display_name": "Saint-Gobain (France)", "ror": "https://ror.org/02fdb8q57", "country_code": "FR", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I123791789"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I216852786", "display_name": "\u00c9cole Centrale Paris", "ror": "https://ror.org/00v0y5771", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I216852786"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jean-Philippe Mulet", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratoire EM2C, Ecole Centrale Paris, CNRS, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295, Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry Cedex, France", "Laboratoire EM2C, Ecole Centrale Paris, CNRS, Grande Voie des Vignes, Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry Cedex, France", "Saint-Gobain Recherche, Aubervilliers, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire EM2C, Ecole Centrale Paris, CNRS, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295, Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry Cedex, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I216852786", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire EM2C, Ecole Centrale Paris, CNRS, Grande Voie des Vignes, Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry Cedex, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I216852786", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Saint-Gobain Recherche, Aubervilliers, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I123791789", "https://openalex.org/I4387154789"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100454424", "display_name": "Yong Chen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-5914"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yong Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460, Marcoussis, France", "Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures-CNRS, Marcoussis, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460, Marcoussis, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures-CNRS, Marcoussis, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5049744296", "display_name": "Jean\u2010Jacques Greffet", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4048-2150"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I216852786", "display_name": "\u00c9cole Centrale Paris", "ror": "https://ror.org/00v0y5771", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I216852786"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jean-Jacques Greffet", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratoire EM2C, Ecole Centrale Paris, CNRS, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295, Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry Cedex, France", "Laboratoire EM2C, Ecole Centrale Paris, CNRS, Grande Voie des Vignes, Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry Cedex, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire EM2C, Ecole Centrale Paris, CNRS, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295, Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry Cedex, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I216852786", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire EM2C, Ecole Centrale Paris, CNRS, Grande Voie des Vignes, Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry Cedex, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I216852786", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 9, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5078251670"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I29607241", "https://openalex.org/I98910050"], "apc_list": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 15.2769, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 505, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99412538, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "444", "issue": "7120", "first_page": "740", "last_page": "743"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12466", "display_name": "Near-Field Optical Microscopy", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12466", "display_name": "Near-Field Optical Microscopy", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12442", "display_name": "Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2205", "display_name": "Civil and Structural Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10666", "display_name": "Photonic Crystals and Applications", "score": 0.9927999973297119, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/near-field-scanning-optical-microscope", "display_name": "Near-field scanning optical microscope", "score": 0.8218990564346313}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.6840742230415344}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscope", "display_name": "Microscope", "score": 0.6493517160415649}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-microscopy", "display_name": "Infrared microscopy", "score": 0.6026634573936462}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.5368825197219849}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-plasmon", "display_name": "Surface plasmon", "score": 0.5217417478561401}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy", "display_name": "Microscopy", "score": 0.5193356275558472}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.486145943403244}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/laser", "display_name": "Laser", "score": 0.4528641402721405}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-microscope", "display_name": "Optical microscope", "score": 0.4485284090042114}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-plasmon-polariton", "display_name": "Surface plasmon polariton", "score": 0.4423692524433136}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation", "display_name": "Terahertz radiation", "score": 0.42216306924819946}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared", "display_name": "Infrared", "score": 0.41779637336730957}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.41596049070358276}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/plasmon", "display_name": "Plasmon", "score": 0.27389460802078247}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.27067410945892334}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-electron-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning electron microscope", "score": 0.14446678757667542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.11125314235687256}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C21799368", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212656", "display_name": "Near-field scanning optical microscope", "level": 4, "score": 0.8218990564346313}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.6840742230415344}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C67649825", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538", "display_name": "Microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.6493517160415649}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2987860518", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953", "display_name": "Infrared microscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.6026634573936462}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5368825197219849}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136676167", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151829", "display_name": "Surface plasmon", "level": 3, "score": 0.5217417478561401}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147080431", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953", "display_name": "Microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.5193356275558472}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.486145943403244}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C520434653", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867", "display_name": "Laser", "level": 2, "score": 0.4528641402721405}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77017923", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912313", "display_name": "Optical microscope", "level": 3, "score": 0.4485284090042114}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C150835508", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15916346", "display_name": "Surface plasmon polariton", "level": 4, "score": 0.4423692524433136}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107816215", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887", "display_name": "Terahertz radiation", "level": 2, "score": 0.42216306924819946}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C158355884", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388", "display_name": "Infrared", "level": 2, "score": 0.41779637336730957}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.41596049070358276}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C110879396", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58392", "display_name": "Plasmon", "level": 2, "score": 0.27389460802078247}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.27067410945892334}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26771246", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095", "display_name": "Scanning electron microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.14446678757667542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.11125314235687256}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/nature05265", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05265", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "display_name": "Nature", "issn_l": "0028-0836", "issn": ["0028-0836", "1476-4687"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:17151664", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17151664", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:HAL:hal-00133282v1", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://hal.science/hal-00133282", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402512", "display_name": "HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "host_organization_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature, 2006, 444, pp.740-743. &#x27E8;10.1038/nature05265&#x27E9;", "raw_type": "Journal articles"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nature:v:444:y:2006:i:7120:d:10.1038_nature05265", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05265", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I77793887", "host_organization_name": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I77793887"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322892", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73"}], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 23, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1970930892", "https://openalex.org/W1972799001", "https://openalex.org/W1984970869", "https://openalex.org/W1994225022", "https://openalex.org/W2004986322", "https://openalex.org/W2023178948", "https://openalex.org/W2037137799", "https://openalex.org/W2037280227", "https://openalex.org/W2039945745", "https://openalex.org/W2040306273", "https://openalex.org/W2054010904", "https://openalex.org/W2060900310", "https://openalex.org/W2064202619", "https://openalex.org/W2068221387", "https://openalex.org/W2069820826", "https://openalex.org/W2074071059", "https://openalex.org/W2077610141", "https://openalex.org/W2077628272", "https://openalex.org/W2085288978", "https://openalex.org/W2101246206", "https://openalex.org/W2115687909", "https://openalex.org/W2144058274", "https://openalex.org/W2964185644"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2157027599", "https://openalex.org/W2064297671", "https://openalex.org/W2159010865", "https://openalex.org/W2090196691", "https://openalex.org/W2157489140", "https://openalex.org/W2082722450", "https://openalex.org/W2102517274", "https://openalex.org/W2017598925", "https://openalex.org/W1983315239", "https://openalex.org/W1985622912"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 18}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 30}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 27}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 21}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 33}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 30}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 35}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 38}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 37}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 23}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 42}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 31}], "updated_date": "2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2055759100", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.441.0279", "title": "Scanning tunneling microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscopy", "relevance_score": 2921.7725, "publication_year": 2000, "publication_date": "2000-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2055759100", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.441.0279", "mag": "2055759100"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1147/rd.441.0279", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.441.0279", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210219925", "display_name": "IBM Journal of Research and Development", "issn_l": "0018-8646", "issn": ["0018-8646", "2151-8556"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320652", "host_organization_name": "IBM", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320652"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["IBM"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IBM Journal of Research and Development", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071169826", "display_name": "G. Binnig", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126328", "display_name": "IBM Research - Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02js37d36", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "display_name": "IBM (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/05hh8d621", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}], "countries": ["CH", "US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "G. Binnig", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Corporation, Zurich Research Laboratory, S&#x00E4;umerstrasse 4, 8803 R&#x00FC;schlikon, Switzerland", "IBM Corporation, Zurich Research Laboratory, R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Corporation, Zurich Research Laboratory, S&#x00E4;umerstrasse 4, 8803 R&#x00FC;schlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Corporation, Zurich Research Laboratory, R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108397582", "display_name": "H. Rohrer", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "display_name": "IBM (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/05hh8d621", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126328", "display_name": "IBM Research - Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02js37d36", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}], "countries": ["CH", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "H. Rohrer", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Corporation, Zurich Research Laboratory, S&#x00E4;umerstrasse 4, 8803 R&#x00FC;schlikon, Switzerland", "IBM Corporation, Zurich Research Laboratory, R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Corporation, Zurich Research Laboratory, S&#x00E4;umerstrasse 4, 8803 R&#x00FC;schlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Corporation, Zurich Research Laboratory, R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5071169826"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 3.2331, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 337, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.92178423, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 94, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "44", "issue": "1.2", "first_page": "279", "last_page": "293"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12466", "display_name": "Near-Field Optical Microscopy", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13531", "display_name": "Surface and Thin Film Phenomena", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.8451172113418579}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-probe-microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "score": 0.612292468547821}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.5898109674453735}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscope", "display_name": "Microscope", "score": 0.5856918096542358}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy", "display_name": "Microscopy", "score": 0.5543437004089355}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.4552418887615204}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumentation", "display_name": "Instrumentation (computer programming)", "score": 0.4425675570964813}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemical-scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.43764278292655945}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-spectroscopy", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "score": 0.3221789300441742}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.30702173709869385}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.19396179914474487}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.1848505437374115}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.8451172113418579}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36628996", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907287", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.612292468547821}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5898109674453735}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C67649825", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538", "display_name": "Microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.5856918096542358}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147080431", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953", "display_name": "Microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.5543437004089355}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4552418887615204}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C118530786", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134732", "display_name": "Instrumentation (computer programming)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4425675570964813}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C5408304", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357978", "display_name": "Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 4, "score": 0.43764278292655945}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C194577767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651687", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.3221789300441742}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.30702173709869385}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.19396179914474487}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.1848505437374115}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1147/rd.441.0279", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.441.0279", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210219925", "display_name": "IBM Journal of Research and Development", "issn_l": "0018-8646", "issn": ["0018-8646", "2151-8556"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320652", "host_organization_name": "IBM", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320652"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["IBM"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IBM Journal of Research and Development", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 128, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W395789823", "https://openalex.org/W611161073", "https://openalex.org/W1154975637", "https://openalex.org/W1560742844", "https://openalex.org/W1586918851", "https://openalex.org/W1592171891", "https://openalex.org/W1967251099", "https://openalex.org/W1967800942", "https://openalex.org/W1968666095", "https://openalex.org/W1970021607", "https://openalex.org/W1970217613", "https://openalex.org/W1972068936", "https://openalex.org/W1974664861", "https://openalex.org/W1974879798", "https://openalex.org/W1978620614", "https://openalex.org/W1980978238", "https://openalex.org/W1982617910", "https://openalex.org/W1983684958", "https://openalex.org/W1985854442", "https://openalex.org/W1987007760", "https://openalex.org/W1988099017", "https://openalex.org/W1988277971", "https://openalex.org/W1989336153", "https://openalex.org/W1992113880", "https://openalex.org/W1994702491", "https://openalex.org/W1996121295", "https://openalex.org/W1996994205", "https://openalex.org/W1997410092", "https://openalex.org/W1998358575", "https://openalex.org/W2000613152", "https://openalex.org/W2000661122", "https://openalex.org/W2001134004", "https://openalex.org/W2001896454", "https://openalex.org/W2003030256", "https://openalex.org/W2003832656", "https://openalex.org/W2005115658", "https://openalex.org/W2005489991", "https://openalex.org/W2005574058", "https://openalex.org/W2005798029", "https://openalex.org/W2006769216", "https://openalex.org/W2007093187", "https://openalex.org/W2007365856", "https://openalex.org/W2007997200", "https://openalex.org/W2008115612", "https://openalex.org/W2012021229", "https://openalex.org/W2012184279", "https://openalex.org/W2013630743", "https://openalex.org/W2015966645", "https://openalex.org/W2017111366", "https://openalex.org/W2018768900", "https://openalex.org/W2022511777", "https://openalex.org/W2024005524", "https://openalex.org/W2024499187", "https://openalex.org/W2025826723", "https://openalex.org/W2026001058", "https://openalex.org/W2027025586", "https://openalex.org/W2029556014", "https://openalex.org/W2030954581", "https://openalex.org/W2031539567", "https://openalex.org/W2032843363", "https://openalex.org/W2032851074", "https://openalex.org/W2032971627", "https://openalex.org/W2034919034", "https://openalex.org/W2035120147", "https://openalex.org/W2036108825", "https://openalex.org/W2037306227", "https://openalex.org/W2038180290", "https://openalex.org/W2040306273", "https://openalex.org/W2040370309", "https://openalex.org/W2041684521", "https://openalex.org/W2041910908", "https://openalex.org/W2042121841", "https://openalex.org/W2043718810", "https://openalex.org/W2044556925", "https://openalex.org/W2044997231", "https://openalex.org/W2054795233", "https://openalex.org/W2055087775", "https://openalex.org/W2057524231", "https://openalex.org/W2058345449", "https://openalex.org/W2060198141", "https://openalex.org/W2062653633", "https://openalex.org/W2062850724", "https://openalex.org/W2064320015", "https://openalex.org/W2065125585", "https://openalex.org/W2065393159", "https://openalex.org/W2067174599", "https://openalex.org/W2067326868", "https://openalex.org/W2068221387", "https://openalex.org/W2068559566", "https://openalex.org/W2071091745", "https://openalex.org/W2071701829", "https://openalex.org/W2072620858", "https://openalex.org/W2073440585", "https://openalex.org/W2073782888", "https://openalex.org/W2074414928", "https://openalex.org/W2076669144", "https://openalex.org/W2076927945", "https://openalex.org/W2078324173", "https://openalex.org/W2080243686", "https://openalex.org/W2080659521", "https://openalex.org/W2081438208", "https://openalex.org/W2081652154", "https://openalex.org/W2082552664", "https://openalex.org/W2083110081", "https://openalex.org/W2083496655", "https://openalex.org/W2083874116", "https://openalex.org/W2083919021", "https://openalex.org/W2084618864", "https://openalex.org/W2085327698", "https://openalex.org/W2086422007", "https://openalex.org/W2088237631", "https://openalex.org/W2089467707", "https://openalex.org/W2090165637", "https://openalex.org/W2090746092", "https://openalex.org/W2093278452", "https://openalex.org/W2095530739", "https://openalex.org/W2110167104", "https://openalex.org/W2112665402", "https://openalex.org/W2120656311", "https://openalex.org/W2147677625", "https://openalex.org/W2147822243", "https://openalex.org/W2160108783", "https://openalex.org/W2161606023", "https://openalex.org/W2412866415", "https://openalex.org/W2766413642", "https://openalex.org/W3148387313", "https://openalex.org/W3150248096", "https://openalex.org/W4255399105"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2736483163", "https://openalex.org/W2078095192", "https://openalex.org/W2071339353", "https://openalex.org/W2976399150", "https://openalex.org/W2007997200", "https://openalex.org/W2021726762", "https://openalex.org/W2004379973", "https://openalex.org/W2079253054", "https://openalex.org/W2772013117", "https://openalex.org/W2895909783"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Presented": [0], "here": [1], "is": [2], "an": [3], "overview": [4], "of": [5, 12, 22, 58, 62, 69], "the": [6, 19, 23], "present": [7], "status": [8], "and": [9, 30, 35, 47, 72], "future": [10], "prospects": [11], "scanning": [13, 24], "tunneling": [14, 25], "microscopy.": [15], "Topics": [16], "covered": [17], "include": [18], "physical": [20], "basis": [21], "microscope,": [26], "its": [27, 31], "instrumentation": [28], "aspects,": [29], "use": [32], "for": [33], "structural": [34], "spectroscopic": [36], "imaging\u2014on": [37], "a": [38, 65], "scale": [39], "which": [40, 54], "extends": [41], "to": [42, 64], "atomic": [43], "dimensions.": [44], "Associated": [45], "experimental": [46], "theoretical": [48], "studies": [49], "are": [50], "reviewed,": [51], "including": [52], "several": [53], "suggest": [55], "potential": [56], "applicability": [57], "this": [59], "new": [60], "type": [61], "microscope": [63], "relatively": [66], "broad": [67], "range": [68], "biological,": [70], "chemical,": [71], "technological": [73], "areas.": [74]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 33}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 16}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 26}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 24}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 24}], "updated_date": "2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3183740598", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/66/4/203", "title": "Spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy", "display_name": "Spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy", "relevance_score": 2888.5513, "publication_year": 2003, "publication_date": "2003-03-14", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3183740598", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/66/4/203", "mag": "3183740598"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1088/0034-4885/66/4/203", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/66/4/203", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S105282323", "display_name": "Reports on Progress in Physics", "issn_l": "0034-4885", "issn": ["0034-4885", "1361-6633"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320083", "host_organization_name": "IOP Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320083", "https://openalex.org/P4310311669"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["IOP Publishing", "Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Reports on Progress in Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5091766004", "display_name": "M. Bode", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7514-5560"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I159176309", "display_name": "Universit\u00e4t Hamburg", "ror": "https://ror.org/00g30e956", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "M Bode", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Applied Physics and Microstructure Research Center, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Applied Physics and Microstructure Research Center, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5091766004"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I159176309"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 19.1103, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 426, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99708132, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "66", "issue": "4", "first_page": "523", "last_page": "582"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10049", "display_name": "Magnetic properties of thin films", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10049", "display_name": "Magnetic properties of thin films", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10382", "display_name": "Quantum and electron transport phenomena", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13531", "display_name": "Surface and Thin Film Phenomena", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "score": 0.8090734481811523}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.7310745120048523}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-polarized-scanning-tunneling-microscopy", "display_name": "Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy", "score": 0.6516404151916504}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "score": 0.6411621570587158}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ferromagnetism", "display_name": "Ferromagnetism", "score": 0.611032247543335}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.5913522243499756}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/spin", "display_name": "Spin (aerodynamics)", "score": 0.5247937440872192}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/planar", "display_name": "Planar", "score": 0.5180385708808899}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/superconductivity", "display_name": "Superconductivity", "score": 0.46157607436180115}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/realization", "display_name": "Realization (probability)", "score": 0.46124547719955444}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy", "display_name": "Microscopy", "score": 0.4466076195240021}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tunnel-junction", "display_name": "Tunnel junction", "score": 0.44640469551086426}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/excited-state", "display_name": "Excited state", "score": 0.4400622248649597}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field", "display_name": "Magnetic field", "score": 0.43888548016548157}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution", "display_name": "Image resolution", "score": 0.4375404417514801}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.3168184757232666}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-spectroscopy", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "score": 0.17008206248283386}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-physics", "display_name": "Atomic physics", "score": 0.1469261348247528}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.09223514795303345}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C120398109", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "level": 2, "score": 0.8090734481811523}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.7310745120048523}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55143465", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577411", "display_name": "Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy", "level": 4, "score": 0.6516404151916504}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.6411621570587158}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C82217956", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184207", "display_name": "Ferromagnetism", "level": 2, "score": 0.611032247543335}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.5913522243499756}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C42704618", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910917", "display_name": "Spin (aerodynamics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5247937440872192}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134786449", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255", "display_name": "Planar", "level": 2, "score": 0.5180385708808899}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54101563", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131", "display_name": "Superconductivity", "level": 2, "score": 0.46157607436180115}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781089630", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745", "display_name": "Realization (probability)", "level": 2, "score": 0.46124547719955444}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147080431", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953", "display_name": "Microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.4466076195240021}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C83408046", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3183536", "display_name": "Tunnel junction", "level": 3, "score": 0.44640469551086426}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C181500209", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215328", "display_name": "Excited state", "level": 2, "score": 0.4400622248649597}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115260700", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408", "display_name": "Magnetic field", "level": 2, "score": 0.43888548016548157}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205372480", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521", "display_name": "Image resolution", "level": 2, "score": 0.4375404417514801}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3168184757232666}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C194577767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651687", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.17008206248283386}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C184779094", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383", "display_name": "Atomic physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.1469261348247528}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.09223514795303345}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121684516", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677", "display_name": "Computer graphics (images)", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C97355855", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1088/0034-4885/66/4/203", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/66/4/203", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S105282323", "display_name": "Reports on Progress in Physics", "issn_l": "0034-4885", "issn": ["0034-4885", "1361-6633"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320083", "host_organization_name": "IOP Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320083", "https://openalex.org/P4310311669"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["IOP Publishing", "Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Reports on Progress in Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 151, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W571997306", "https://openalex.org/W1649384691", "https://openalex.org/W1657759894", "https://openalex.org/W1963521581", "https://openalex.org/W1964251388", "https://openalex.org/W1967341767", "https://openalex.org/W1967393072", "https://openalex.org/W1967471051", "https://openalex.org/W1967725686", "https://openalex.org/W1971099104", "https://openalex.org/W1973116749", "https://openalex.org/W1975710940", "https://openalex.org/W1978553211", "https://openalex.org/W1978962819", "https://openalex.org/W1979937953", "https://openalex.org/W1980089991", "https://openalex.org/W1980125086", "https://openalex.org/W1980791191", "https://openalex.org/W1982852473", "https://openalex.org/W1983445900", "https://openalex.org/W1983631682", "https://openalex.org/W1983684958", "https://openalex.org/W1985854442", "https://openalex.org/W1986328205", "https://openalex.org/W1986333813", "https://openalex.org/W1987570772", "https://openalex.org/W1990277878", "https://openalex.org/W1993720946", "https://openalex.org/W1994306303", "https://openalex.org/W1995763546", "https://openalex.org/W1996248496", "https://openalex.org/W1996418689", "https://openalex.org/W1996836264", "https://openalex.org/W1997163121", "https://openalex.org/W1999350585", "https://openalex.org/W1999451942", "https://openalex.org/W2000965176", "https://openalex.org/W2000967569", "https://openalex.org/W2001092150", "https://openalex.org/W2002706548", "https://openalex.org/W2003536820", "https://openalex.org/W2004432939", "https://openalex.org/W2004666901", "https://openalex.org/W2005653294", "https://openalex.org/W2006145101", "https://openalex.org/W2006195386", "https://openalex.org/W2006448951", "https://openalex.org/W2009497835", "https://openalex.org/W2009867601", "https://openalex.org/W2013402169", "https://openalex.org/W2013821559", "https://openalex.org/W2013926988", "https://openalex.org/W2015100660", "https://openalex.org/W2015298342", "https://openalex.org/W2015447056", "https://openalex.org/W2017172268", "https://openalex.org/W2018143835", "https://openalex.org/W2018496476", "https://openalex.org/W2018521804", "https://openalex.org/W2019621799", "https://openalex.org/W2020517872", "https://openalex.org/W2020905790", "https://openalex.org/W2021556327", "https://openalex.org/W2021568889", "https://openalex.org/W2023550871", "https://openalex.org/W2025805932", "https://openalex.org/W2027260152", "https://openalex.org/W2029099220", "https://openalex.org/W2030026115", "https://openalex.org/W2030270562", "https://openalex.org/W2031513636", "https://openalex.org/W2031930804", "https://openalex.org/W2032984369", "https://openalex.org/W2033715832", "https://openalex.org/W2033999496", "https://openalex.org/W2035694832", "https://openalex.org/W2038099431", "https://openalex.org/W2038146611", "https://openalex.org/W2039852139", "https://openalex.org/W2040306273", "https://openalex.org/W2042049477", "https://openalex.org/W2042196450", "https://openalex.org/W2043773614", "https://openalex.org/W2044827860", "https://openalex.org/W2045730982", "https://openalex.org/W2046538298", "https://openalex.org/W2046563665", "https://openalex.org/W2047063317", "https://openalex.org/W2048094211", "https://openalex.org/W2048394963", "https://openalex.org/W2050874863", "https://openalex.org/W2052810340", "https://openalex.org/W2053148170", "https://openalex.org/W2053765219", "https://openalex.org/W2053889437", "https://openalex.org/W2053946381", "https://openalex.org/W2055068944", "https://openalex.org/W2057149191", "https://openalex.org/W2057353737", "https://openalex.org/W2058482876", "https://openalex.org/W2058915655", "https://openalex.org/W2060798601", "https://openalex.org/W2063718394", "https://openalex.org/W2063897908", "https://openalex.org/W2065632421", "https://openalex.org/W2067175510", "https://openalex.org/W2067326868", "https://openalex.org/W2068440116", "https://openalex.org/W2071018440", "https://openalex.org/W2071114304", "https://openalex.org/W2072790036", "https://openalex.org/W2073782888", "https://openalex.org/W2076111440", "https://openalex.org/W2076916099", "https://openalex.org/W2077217524", "https://openalex.org/W2079513910", "https://openalex.org/W2079751966", "https://openalex.org/W2080667709", "https://openalex.org/W2081936573", "https://openalex.org/W2082670094", "https://openalex.org/W2083919021", "https://openalex.org/W2084547658", "https://openalex.org/W2086753669", "https://openalex.org/W2087132437", "https://openalex.org/W2087319389", "https://openalex.org/W2089176719", "https://openalex.org/W2089457873", "https://openalex.org/W2092265055", "https://openalex.org/W2093402826", "https://openalex.org/W2099935884", "https://openalex.org/W2106043052", "https://openalex.org/W2110167104", "https://openalex.org/W2112765646", "https://openalex.org/W2113353183", "https://openalex.org/W2128116646", "https://openalex.org/W2130010268", "https://openalex.org/W2131870054", "https://openalex.org/W2132081756", "https://openalex.org/W2139784492", "https://openalex.org/W2141918068", "https://openalex.org/W2161606023", "https://openalex.org/W2162100547", "https://openalex.org/W2412866415", "https://openalex.org/W2494197051", "https://openalex.org/W2995405997", "https://openalex.org/W3039825595", "https://openalex.org/W3150248096", "https://openalex.org/W4232193495", "https://openalex.org/W4233523083", "https://openalex.org/W4241204681", "https://openalex.org/W4256668539"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2393645624", "https://openalex.org/W2062944294", "https://openalex.org/W1996099507", "https://openalex.org/W4210360428", "https://openalex.org/W3097975949", "https://openalex.org/W2078095192", "https://openalex.org/W2736483163", "https://openalex.org/W2895909783", "https://openalex.org/W2976399150", "https://openalex.org/W2079253054"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 18, 76, 110], "recent": [1, 79], "experimental": [2], "progress": [3], "in": [4, 31, 100], "spin-polarized": [5, 21], "scanning": [6], "tunnelling": [7, 23], "microscopy": [8], "(SP-STM)\u2014a": [9], "magnetically": [10], "sensitive": [11], "imaging": [12, 125], "technique": [13], "with": [14, 85], "ultra-high": [15], "resolution\u2014is": [16], "reviewed.": [17], "basics": [19], "of": [20, 60, 67, 74, 78, 94, 102, 112, 118], "electron": [22], "are": [24, 53, 69, 96, 127], "introduced": [25], "as": [26, 83], "they": [27], "have": [28], "been": [29], "investigated": [30], "planar": [32], "tunnel": [33], "junctions": [34], "for": [35, 57, 71], "different": [36, 86, 92], "electrode": [37], "materials,": [38], "i.e.": [39], "superconductors,": [40], "optically": [41], "excited": [42], "GaAs,": [43], "and": [44, 51, 65, 90, 98, 108, 115], "ferromagnets.": [45], "It": [46], "is": [47], "shown": [48], "that": [49], "ferromagnets": [50], "antiferromagnets": [52], "suitable": [54], "tip": [55, 63], "materials": [56], "the": [58, 116, 124], "realization": [59], "SP-STM.": [61], "Possible": [62], "designs": [64], "modes": [66, 93], "operations": [68], "discussed": [70, 99], "both": [72], "classes": [73], "materials.": [75], "results": [77], "spatially": [80], "resolved": [81], "measurements": [82], "performed": [84], "magnetic": [87, 121], "probe": [88], "tips": [89], "using": [91], "operation": [95], "reviewed": [97], "terms": [101], "applicability": [103], "to": [104], "surfaces,": [105], "thin": [106], "films,": [107], "nanoparticles.": [109], "limits": [111], "spatial": [113], "resolution,": [114], "impact": [117], "an": [119], "external": [120], "field": [122], "on": [123], "process": [126], "debated.": [128]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 16}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 19}], "updated_date": "2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2041258517", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.71.193406", "title": "Observation of zigzag and armchair edges of graphite using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy", "display_name": "Observation of zigzag and armchair edges of graphite using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy", "relevance_score": 2849.9397, "publication_year": 2005, "publication_date": "2005-05-25", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2041258517", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.71.193406", "mag": "2041258517"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.71.193406", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.71.193406", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S6791298", "display_name": "Physical Review B", "issn_l": "1098-0121", "issn": ["1098-0121", "1538-4489", "1550-235X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["arxiv", "crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0503472", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005717747", "display_name": "Yousuke Kobayashi", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I114531698", "display_name": "Tokyo Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/0112mx960", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yousuke Kobayashi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan", "Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2\u201012\u20101 Ookayama, Meguro\u2010ku, Tokyo 152\u20108551 (Japan)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2\u201012\u20101 Ookayama, Meguro\u2010ku, Tokyo 152\u20108551 (Japan)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103182830", "display_name": "Kenichi Fukui", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8780-5853"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I114531698", "display_name": "Tokyo Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/0112mx960", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ken-ichi Fukui", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan", "Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2\u201012\u20101 Ookayama, Meguro\u2010ku, Tokyo 152\u20108551 (Japan)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2\u201012\u20101 Ookayama, Meguro\u2010ku, Tokyo 152\u20108551 (Japan)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029335999", "display_name": "Toshiaki Enoki", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3291-5582"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I114531698", "display_name": "Tokyo Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/0112mx960", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Toshiaki Enoki", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan", "Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2\u201012\u20101 Ookayama, Meguro\u2010ku, Tokyo 152\u20108551 (Japan)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2\u201012\u20101 Ookayama, Meguro\u2010ku, Tokyo 152\u20108551 (Japan)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018776154", "display_name": "Koichi Kusakabe", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0206-8864"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98285908", "display_name": "Osaka University", "ror": "https://ror.org/035t8zc32", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Koichi Kusakabe", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan", "Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5049689899", "display_name": "Yutaka Kaburagi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-1754"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98083888", "display_name": "Musashi University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05qp61e83", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98083888"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yutaka Kaburagi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Musashi Institute of Technology, 1-28-1, Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Musashi Institute of Technology, 1-28-1, Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98083888"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5005717747"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114531698"], "apc_list": {"value": 2675, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 2675}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 18.863, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 647, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99744353, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "71", "issue": "19", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10083", "display_name": "Graphene research and applications", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10083", "display_name": "Graphene research and applications", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13531", "display_name": "Surface and Thin Film Phenomena", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13104", "display_name": "Chemical and Physical Properties of Materials", "score": 0.9987999796867371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/zigzag", "display_name": "Zigzag", "score": 0.9445081949234009}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.8729778528213501}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-spectroscopy", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "score": 0.7339892387390137}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fermi-level", "display_name": "Fermi level", "score": 0.5856994986534119}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "score": 0.5701602697372437}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution", "display_name": "Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution", "score": 0.5670710206031799}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.5532238483428955}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy", "display_name": "Spectroscopy", "score": 0.5222195386886597}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graphite", "display_name": "Graphite", "score": 0.5011327266693115}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "score": 0.4425238072872162}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/local-density-of-states", "display_name": "Local density of states", "score": 0.41641050577163696}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.22675520181655884}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry", "display_name": "Geometry", "score": 0.11935219168663025}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.044812679290771484}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C192271897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198438", "display_name": "Zigzag", "level": 2, "score": 0.9445081949234009}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.8729778528213501}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C194577767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651687", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.7339892387390137}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C40636707", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13633683", "display_name": "Fermi level", "level": 3, "score": 0.5856994986534119}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.5701602697372437}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162307627", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833", "display_name": "Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution", "level": 2, "score": 0.5670710206031799}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5532238483428955}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C32891209", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666", "display_name": "Spectroscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.5222195386886597}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779698641", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5309", "display_name": "Graphite", "level": 2, "score": 0.5011327266693115}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120398109", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751", "display_name": "Quantum tunnelling", "level": 2, "score": 0.4425238072872162}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778205538", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230895", "display_name": "Local density of states", "level": 2, "score": 0.41641050577163696}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.22675520181655884}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.11935219168663025}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.044812679290771484}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C76155785", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418", "display_name": "Telecommunications", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147120987", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225", "display_name": "Electron", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790", "display_name": "Composite material", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.71.193406", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.71.193406", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S6791298", "display_name": "Physical Review B", "issn_l": "1098-0121", "issn": ["1098-0121", "1538-4489", "1550-235X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:cond-mat/0503472", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0503472", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0503472", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp:00204252", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp/cgi-bin/publicationinfo.cgi?q_publication_content_number=CTT100393315", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196385", "display_name": "Tokyo Tech Research Repository (Tokyo Institute of Technology)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I114531698", "host_organization_name": "Tokyo Institute of Technology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114531698"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Journal Article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:cond-mat/0503472", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0503472", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0503472", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 26, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1520348238", "https://openalex.org/W1984251148", "https://openalex.org/W1991521867", "https://openalex.org/W1992330719", "https://openalex.org/W2004785645", "https://openalex.org/W2005421055", "https://openalex.org/W2009141470", "https://openalex.org/W2013189775", "https://openalex.org/W2022937698", "https://openalex.org/W2023042671", "https://openalex.org/W2044923392", "https://openalex.org/W2049079467", "https://openalex.org/W2054104435", "https://openalex.org/W2054725294", "https://openalex.org/W2055697571", "https://openalex.org/W2069809761", "https://openalex.org/W2070915228", "https://openalex.org/W2075966481", "https://openalex.org/W2077875027", "https://openalex.org/W2089132096", "https://openalex.org/W2090145840", "https://openalex.org/W2092831789", "https://openalex.org/W2736980279", "https://openalex.org/W2952078757", "https://openalex.org/W3037024729", "https://openalex.org/W3123803405"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2078095192", "https://openalex.org/W2062944294", "https://openalex.org/W2107214003", "https://openalex.org/W2976399150", "https://openalex.org/W2026301659", "https://openalex.org/W1439700302", "https://openalex.org/W2057583275", "https://openalex.org/W2736483163", "https://openalex.org/W2046032428", "https://openalex.org/W1977603736"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "presence": [1], "of": [2, 6, 49, 53], "structure-dependent": [3], "edge": [4, 61, 66], "states": [5], "graphite": [7], "is": [8, 62, 70], "revealed": [9], "by": [10], "both": [11], "ambient": [12], "and": [13, 19, 77], "ultrahigh-vacuum": [14], "(UHV)": [15], "scanning": [16, 20], "tunneling": [17, 21], "microscopy": [18], "spectroscopy": [22], "observations.": [23], "On": [24], "a": [25, 38, 47, 59], "hydrogenated": [26, 85], "zigzag": [27, 60, 76, 99], "(armchair)": [28], "edge,": [29, 87], "bright": [30, 89], "spots": [31, 90], "are": [32, 91, 101], "(are": [33], "not)": [34], "observed": [35, 92], "together": [36], "with": [37], "$(\\sqrt{3}\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}\\sqrt{3})R30\\ifmmode^\\circ\\else\\textdegree\\fi{}$": [39], "superlattice": [40], "near": [41], "the": [42, 50, 65, 84, 104], "Fermi": [43], "level": [44], "(${V}_{S}\\ensuremath{\\sim}\\ensuremath{-}30\\phantom{\\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\\mathrm{mV}$": [45], "for": [46, 64], "peak": [48], "local": [51], "density": [52], "states)": [54], "under": [55], "UHV,": [56], "demonstrating": [57], "that": [58], "responsible": [63], "states,": [67], "although": [68], "there": [69], "no": [71], "appreciable": [72], "difference": [73], "between": [74], "as-prepared": [75], "armchair": [78, 86, 105], "edges": [79, 100], "in": [80, 83, 103], "air.": [81], "Even": [82], "however,": [88], "at": [93, 96], "defect": [94], "points,": [95], "which": [97], "partial": [98], "created": [102], "edge.": [106]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 16}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 18}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 40}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 19}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 30}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 32}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 28}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 37}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 53}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 50}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 59}], "updated_date": "2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1967318028", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3051380", "title": "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy: Application to Biology and Technology", "display_name": "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy: Application to Biology and Technology", "relevance_score": 2830.387, "publication_year": 1988, "publication_date": "1988-10-14", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1967318028", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3051380", "mag": "1967318028", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3051380"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1126/science.3051380", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3051380", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S3880285", "display_name": "Science", "issn_l": "0036-8075", "issn": ["0036-8075", "1095-9203"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315823", "host_organization_name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Association for the Advancement of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084993879", "display_name": "P. K. Hansma", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I154570441", "display_name": "University of California, Santa Barbara", "ror": "https://ror.org/02t274463", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "P. K. Hansma", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5017829169", "display_name": "V. B. Elings", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I154570441", "display_name": "University of California, Santa Barbara", "ror": "https://ror.org/02t274463", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "V. B. Elings", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037542786", "display_name": "Othmar Marti", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2254-6656"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I154570441", "display_name": "University of California, Santa Barbara", "ror": "https://ror.org/02t274463", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "O. Marti", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5086286395", "display_name": "C. E. Bracker", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I219193219", "display_name": "Purdue University West Lafayette", "ror": "https://ror.org/02dqehb95", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "C. E. Bracker", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5084993879"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154570441"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 20.4806, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 704, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99901512, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 98, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "242", "issue": "4876", "first_page": "209", "last_page": "216"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10923", "display_name": "Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11449", "display_name": "Mechanical and Optical Resonators", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10913", "display_name": "Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures", "score": 0.9983000159263611, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/conductive-atomic-force-microscopy", "display_name": "Conductive atomic force microscopy", "score": 0.7618969678878784}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "score": 0.6713495850563049}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscope", "display_name": "Microscope", "score": 0.6156560182571411}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.5546108484268188}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-force-microscope", "display_name": "Magnetic force microscope", "score": 0.53788161277771}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-probe-microscopy", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "score": 0.507394015789032}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mica", "display_name": "Mica", "score": 0.4852254390716553}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/monolayer", "display_name": "Monolayer", "score": 0.47205454111099243}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy", "display_name": "Microscopy", "score": 0.4668596088886261}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/diamond", "display_name": "Diamond", "score": 0.45846402645111084}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.45632365345954895}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thin-film", "display_name": "Thin film", "score": 0.4400537610054016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-electron-microscope", "display_name": "Scanning electron microscope", "score": 0.4387821555137634}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.36652839183807373}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-force-microscopy", "display_name": "Atomic force microscopy", "score": 0.18426021933555603}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetization", "display_name": "Magnetization", "score": 0.07607829570770264}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.07068896293640137}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C206008964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159384", "display_name": "Conductive atomic force microscopy", "level": 3, "score": 0.7618969678878784}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C6518042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175646", "display_name": "Scanning tunneling microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.6713495850563049}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C67649825", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538", "display_name": "Microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.6156560182571411}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5546108484268188}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C181635281", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2799395", "display_name": "Magnetic force microscope", "level": 4, "score": 0.53788161277771}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36628996", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907287", "display_name": "Scanning probe microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.507394015789032}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781038479", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114675", "display_name": "Mica", "level": 2, "score": 0.4852254390716553}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C7070889", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902488", "display_name": "Monolayer", "level": 2, "score": 0.47205454111099243}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147080431", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953", "display_name": "Microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.4668596088886261}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776921476", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283", "display_name": "Diamond", "level": 2, "score": 0.45846402645111084}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.45632365345954895}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C19067145", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203", "display_name": "Thin film", "level": 2, "score": 0.4400537610054016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26771246", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095", "display_name": "Scanning electron microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.4387821555137634}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.36652839183807373}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C102951782", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49295", "display_name": "Atomic force microscopy", "level": 2, "score": 0.18426021933555603}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C32546565", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711", "display_name": "Magnetization", "level": 3, "score": 0.07607829570770264}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.07068896293640137}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790", "display_name": "Composite material", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115260700", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408", "display_name": "Magnetic field", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003460", "descriptor_name": "Crystallization", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003460", "descriptor_name": "Crystallization", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003460", "descriptor_name": "Crystallization", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004247", "descriptor_name": "DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004247", "descriptor_name": "DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004247", "descriptor_name": "DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004247", "descriptor_name": "DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000648", "qualifier_name": "ultrastructure", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004247", "descriptor_name": "DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000648", "qualifier_name": "ultrastructure", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004247", "descriptor_name": "DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000648", "qualifier_name": "ultrastructure", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008051", "descriptor_name": "Lipid Bilayers", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008051", "descriptor_name": "Lipid Bilayers", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008051", "descriptor_name": "Lipid Bilayers", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008853", "descriptor_name": "Microscopy", "qualifier_ui": "Q000295", "qualifier_name": "instrumentation", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008853", "descriptor_name": "Microscopy", "qualifier_ui": "Q000295", "qualifier_name": "instrumentation", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008853", "descriptor_name": "Microscopy", "qualifier_ui": "Q000295", "qualifier_name": "instrumentation", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008853", "descriptor_name": "Microscopy", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008853", "descriptor_name": "Microscopy", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008853", "descriptor_name": "Microscopy", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008855", "descriptor_name": "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "qualifier_ui": "Q000295", "qualifier_name": "instrumentation", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008855", "descriptor_name": "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "qualifier_ui": "Q000295", "qualifier_name": "instrumentation", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008855", "descriptor_name": "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "qualifier_ui": "Q000295", "qualifier_name": "instrumentation", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008855", "descriptor_name": "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008855", "descriptor_name": "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008855", "descriptor_name": "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011938", "descriptor_name": "Rec A Recombinases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011938", "descriptor_name": "Rec A Recombinases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011938", "descriptor_name": "Rec A Recombinases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1126/science.3051380", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3051380", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S3880285", "display_name": "Science", "issn_l": "0036-8075", "issn": ["0036-8075", "1095-9203"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315823", "host_organization_name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Association for the Advancement of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:3051380", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3051380", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Science (New York, N.Y.)", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 55, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W90403075", "https://openalex.org/W1965203667", "https://openalex.org/W1974037816", "https://openalex.org/W1974321397", "https://openalex.org/W1977591020", "https://openalex.org/W1979769947", "https://openalex.org/W1979815857", "https://openalex.org/W1981626865", "https://openalex.org/W1983631682", "https://openalex.org/W1989336153", "https://openalex.org/W1990345252", "https://openalex.org/W1990784107", "https://openalex.org/W1992984362", "https://openalex.org/W1995650948", "https://openalex.org/W1995912069", "https://openalex.org/W2003211348", "https://openalex.org/W2005383273", "https://openalex.org/W2012152049", "https://openalex.org/W2016473752", "https://openalex.org/W2018768900", "https://openalex.org/W2018871530", "https://openalex.org/W2020865488", "https://openalex.org/W2028223230", "https://openalex.org/W2029729395", "https://openalex.org/W2030973789", "https://openalex.org/W2032956875", "https://openalex.org/W2037029215", "https://openalex.org/W2044556925", "https://openalex.org/W2050263924", "https://openalex.org/W2051212097", "https://openalex.org/W2057725905", "https://openalex.org/W2061253726", "https://openalex.org/W2062068794", "https://openalex.org/W2064320015", "https://openalex.org/W2065246226", "https://openalex.org/W2067326868", "https://openalex.org/W2068559566", "https://openalex.org/W2073319214", "https://openalex.org/W2074398939", "https://openalex.org/W2075995881", "https://openalex.org/W2076111440", "https://openalex.org/W2076669144", "https://openalex.org/W2077323579", "https://openalex.org/W2080524394", "https://openalex.org/W2081784115", "https://openalex.org/W2083496655", "https://openalex.org/W2085272385", "https://openalex.org/W2086422007", "https://openalex.org/W2088249680", "https://openalex.org/W2106640691", "https://openalex.org/W2110167104", "https://openalex.org/W2119923483", "https://openalex.org/W2159623501", "https://openalex.org/W3150248096", "https://openalex.org/W4318470485"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2893231799", "https://openalex.org/W2061426266", "https://openalex.org/W3149981184", "https://openalex.org/W2112760685", "https://openalex.org/W67273967", "https://openalex.org/W1501322398", "https://openalex.org/W2093505643", "https://openalex.org/W1486910393", "https://openalex.org/W3143491025", "https://openalex.org/W1541063877"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 25, 80, 115, 184], "scanning": [1, 12], "tunneling": [2], "microscope": [3, 9], "(STM)": [4], "and": [5, 51, 87, 111, 138, 179, 197], "the": [6, 22, 61, 72, 118, 149, 152, 192], "atomic": [7, 23, 39], "force": [8], "(AFM)": [10], "are": [11, 162], "probe": [13], "microscopes": [14, 29, 159], "capable": [15], "of": [16, 27, 34, 60, 76, 82, 104, 117, 133, 151, 156, 166, 194], "resolving": [17], "surface": [18], "detail": [19], "down": [20], "to": [21, 93, 160, 190], "level.": [24], "potential": [26, 116], "these": [28, 157], "for": [30, 63], "revealing": [31], "subtle": [32], "details": [33], "structure": [35], "is": [36, 127], "illustrated": [37], "by": [38, 71, 100], "resolution": [40, 131], "images": [41, 103, 132, 165], "including": [42], "graphite,": [43], "an": [44, 47, 112, 139, 167], "organic": [45, 136], "conductor,": [46], "insulating": [48], "layered": [49], "compound,": [50], "individual": [52, 145], "adsorbed": [53], "oxygen": [54], "atoms": [55], "on": [56, 148], "a": [57, 105, 108, 124, 134, 171, 174, 180], "semiconductor.": [58], "Application": [59], "STM": [62, 185], "imaging": [64], "biological": [65, 78, 96], "materials": [66], "directly": [67], "has": [68, 89, 186], "been": [69, 188], "hampered": [70], "poor": [73], "electron": [74], "conductivity": [75], "most": [77], "samples.": [79], "use": [81], "thin": [83], "conductive": [84, 125], "metal": [85], "coatings": [86], "replicas": [88], "made": [90], "it": [91], "possible": [92], "image": [94], "some": [95], "samples,": [97], "as": [98], "indicated": [99], "recently": [101], "obtained": [102], "recA-DNA": [106], "complex,": [107], "phospholipid": [109], "bilayer,": [110], "enzyme": [113], "crystal.": [114], "AFM,": [119], "which": [120], "does": [121], "not": [122], "require": [123], "sample,": [126], "shown": [128], "with": [129, 164], "molecular": [130], "nonconducting": [135], "monolayer": [137], "amino": [140, 153], "acid": [141], "crystal": [142], "that": [143], "reveals": [144], "methyl": [146], "groups": [147], "ends": [150], "acids.": [154], "Applications": [155], "new": [158], "technology": [161], "demonstrated": [163], "optical": [168], "disk": [169], "stamper,": [170], "diffraction": [172, 195], "grating,": [173], "thin-film": [175], "magnetic": [176, 198], "recording": [177, 199], "head,": [178], "diamond": [181], "cutting": [182], "tool.": [183], "even": [187], "used": [189], "improve": [191], "quality": [193], "gratings": [196], "heads.": [200]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 16}], "updated_date": "2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}], "group_by": []}