{"meta": {"count": 50438, "db_response_time_ms": 429, "page": 1, "per_page": 25, "groups_count": null, "x_query": {"oql": "works where full text has (Why fish do \"not\" feel pain)", "oqo": {"get_rows": "works", "filter_rows": [{"column_id": "fulltext.search", "value": "Why fish do not feel pain", "operator": "has"}]}, "url": "/works?filter=fulltext.search:Why fish do not feel pain"}, "cost_usd": 0.001}, "results": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/W2191626018", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1011", "title": "Why fish do not feel pain", "display_name": "Why fish do not feel pain", "relevance_score": 4233.603, "publication_year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2191626018", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1011", "mag": "2191626018"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1011", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1011", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "diamond", "oa_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=animsent", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090561424", "display_name": "Brian Key", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1150-3848"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165143802", "display_name": "The University of Queensland", "ror": "https://ror.org/00rqy9422", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Brian Key", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["The University of Queensland", "Biomedical Sciences", "Regeneration Lab at the University of Queensland, dedicated", "School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia", "University of Queensland Australia"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "The University of Queensland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Biomedical Sciences", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Regeneration Lab at the University of Queensland, dedicated", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Queensland Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5090561424"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165143802"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 24.3294, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 313, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99920673, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "1", "issue": "3", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10971", "display_name": "Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "score": 0.9965999722480774, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2809", "display_name": "Sensory Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10971", "display_name": "Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "score": 0.9965999722480774, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2809", "display_name": "Sensory Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10423", "display_name": "Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research", "score": 0.9962999820709229, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2804", "display_name": "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10077", "display_name": "Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research", "score": 0.9922999739646912, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2804", "display_name": "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/forebrain", "display_name": "Forebrain", "score": 0.6967114806175232}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/vertebrate", "display_name": "Vertebrate", "score": 0.6592046618461609}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "score": 0.62836754322052}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling", "display_name": "Feeling", "score": 0.6013091802597046}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.5028528571128845}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.47720322012901306}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.4526802897453308}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "score": 0.3875318765640259}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system", "display_name": "Central nervous system", "score": 0.1171254813671112}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779715522", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507027", "display_name": "Forebrain", "level": 3, "score": 0.6967114806175232}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778961482", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25241", "display_name": "Vertebrate", "level": 3, "score": 0.6592046618461609}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.62836754322052}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C122980154", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555", "display_name": "Feeling", "level": 2, "score": 0.6013091802597046}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.5028528571128845}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.47720322012901306}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.4526802897453308}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3875318765640259}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C529278444", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273", "display_name": "Central nervous system", "level": 2, "score": 0.1171254813671112}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1011", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1011", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1011", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/1", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/1", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:animalstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1011", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/1", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9fddbec635b34d9a9371b4c0a5fc9d2b", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/9fddbec635b34d9a9371b4c0a5fc9d2b", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience, Vol 1, Iss 3 (2016)", "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1011", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1011", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14", "display_name": "Life below water", "score": 0.6100000143051147}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2191626018.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2191626018.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 243, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W95786808", "https://openalex.org/W204694487", "https://openalex.org/W842004649", "https://openalex.org/W1500719707", "https://openalex.org/W1506409150", "https://openalex.org/W1507511940", "https://openalex.org/W1574504310", "https://openalex.org/W1671274119", "https://openalex.org/W1847095189", "https://openalex.org/W1862939550", "https://openalex.org/W1867471270", "https://openalex.org/W1937144007", "https://openalex.org/W1963723820", "https://openalex.org/W1965946552", "https://openalex.org/W1967601775", "https://openalex.org/W1967714812", "https://openalex.org/W1969199027", "https://openalex.org/W1969374641", "https://openalex.org/W1970724854", "https://openalex.org/W1972724226", "https://openalex.org/W1972843439", "https://openalex.org/W1973300231", "https://openalex.org/W1976473344", "https://openalex.org/W1977239555", "https://openalex.org/W1979026904", "https://openalex.org/W1979519220", "https://openalex.org/W1980035133", "https://openalex.org/W1980077460", "https://openalex.org/W1980143518", "https://openalex.org/W1981126490", "https://openalex.org/W1981616833", "https://openalex.org/W1982109315", "https://openalex.org/W1983006199", "https://openalex.org/W1983269681", "https://openalex.org/W1983514205", "https://openalex.org/W1985407473", "https://openalex.org/W1987768364", "https://openalex.org/W1989093731", "https://openalex.org/W1989982790", "https://openalex.org/W1990207474", "https://openalex.org/W1990366495", "https://openalex.org/W1991233288", "https://openalex.org/W1992263765", "https://openalex.org/W1994239708", "https://openalex.org/W1994341528", "https://openalex.org/W1994713664", "https://openalex.org/W1994863066", "https://openalex.org/W1995427548", "https://openalex.org/W1995927833", "https://openalex.org/W1995950936", "https://openalex.org/W1997501248", "https://openalex.org/W1998139571", "https://openalex.org/W1998507005", "https://openalex.org/W1998713559", "https://openalex.org/W2000417628", "https://openalex.org/W2006835220", "https://openalex.org/W2007257764", "https://openalex.org/W2009494091", "https://openalex.org/W2009750474", "https://openalex.org/W2010103767", "https://openalex.org/W2010578513", "https://openalex.org/W2011903382", "https://openalex.org/W2012913597", "https://openalex.org/W2013702287", "https://openalex.org/W2014333530", "https://openalex.org/W2014465120", "https://openalex.org/W2014558966", "https://openalex.org/W2015092711", "https://openalex.org/W2015872488", "https://openalex.org/W2016100220", "https://openalex.org/W2020103630", "https://openalex.org/W2020792393", "https://openalex.org/W2022201295", "https://openalex.org/W2022333848", "https://openalex.org/W2023998959", "https://openalex.org/W2026879758", "https://openalex.org/W2029105646", "https://openalex.org/W2032138985", "https://openalex.org/W2032289449", "https://openalex.org/W2033571114", "https://openalex.org/W2033992760", "https://openalex.org/W2034122788", "https://openalex.org/W2035380851", "https://openalex.org/W2035638914", "https://openalex.org/W2037564010", "https://openalex.org/W2039061832", "https://openalex.org/W2040085177", "https://openalex.org/W2041119716", "https://openalex.org/W2041802317", "https://openalex.org/W2042178048", "https://openalex.org/W2042281024", "https://openalex.org/W2042634021", "https://openalex.org/W2042837986", "https://openalex.org/W2047125104", "https://openalex.org/W2049220046", "https://openalex.org/W2050365551", "https://openalex.org/W2051539299", "https://openalex.org/W2053917358", "https://openalex.org/W2054031169", "https://openalex.org/W2056245235", "https://openalex.org/W2056504795", "https://openalex.org/W2057213277", "https://openalex.org/W2058035812", "https://openalex.org/W2058350963", "https://openalex.org/W2058406386", "https://openalex.org/W2059870802", "https://openalex.org/W2060399360", "https://openalex.org/W2060899536", "https://openalex.org/W2062700118", "https://openalex.org/W2062837723", "https://openalex.org/W2062944673", "https://openalex.org/W2063327879", "https://openalex.org/W2066758746", "https://openalex.org/W2067473018", "https://openalex.org/W2068152583", "https://openalex.org/W2068906079", "https://openalex.org/W2069095994", "https://openalex.org/W2069936576", "https://openalex.org/W2070127106", "https://openalex.org/W2071040101", "https://openalex.org/W2071663937", "https://openalex.org/W2071671913", "https://openalex.org/W2071978760", "https://openalex.org/W2072799373", "https://openalex.org/W2073844986", "https://openalex.org/W2075117230", "https://openalex.org/W2075159077", "https://openalex.org/W2077452865", "https://openalex.org/W2077690803", "https://openalex.org/W2078226647", "https://openalex.org/W2078521408", "https://openalex.org/W2079948225", "https://openalex.org/W2080363369", "https://openalex.org/W2081084897", "https://openalex.org/W2084601904", "https://openalex.org/W2086745640", "https://openalex.org/W2086833995", "https://openalex.org/W2087301801", "https://openalex.org/W2087302183", "https://openalex.org/W2088905367", "https://openalex.org/W2089305598", "https://openalex.org/W2090475658", "https://openalex.org/W2091688212", "https://openalex.org/W2093436193", "https://openalex.org/W2094377986", "https://openalex.org/W2096133149", "https://openalex.org/W2096926732", "https://openalex.org/W2100025455", "https://openalex.org/W2102204212", "https://openalex.org/W2103112801", "https://openalex.org/W2104087470", "https://openalex.org/W2105911464", "https://openalex.org/W2107560053", "https://openalex.org/W2108025550", "https://openalex.org/W2108845151", "https://openalex.org/W2108995240", "https://openalex.org/W2110072380", "https://openalex.org/W2113217511", "https://openalex.org/W2113628566", "https://openalex.org/W2114876443", "https://openalex.org/W2114900140", "https://openalex.org/W2115742360", "https://openalex.org/W2116356678", "https://openalex.org/W2117081061", "https://openalex.org/W2117486687", "https://openalex.org/W2118025286", "https://openalex.org/W2123015754", "https://openalex.org/W2123246314", "https://openalex.org/W2124937370", "https://openalex.org/W2126758870", "https://openalex.org/W2127848619", "https://openalex.org/W2128123877", "https://openalex.org/W2130494624", "https://openalex.org/W2130578474", "https://openalex.org/W2131635822", "https://openalex.org/W2132659690", "https://openalex.org/W2133541989", "https://openalex.org/W2134997228", "https://openalex.org/W2135007152", "https://openalex.org/W2135487512", "https://openalex.org/W2137619324", "https://openalex.org/W2140318515", "https://openalex.org/W2142146307", "https://openalex.org/W2142269296", "https://openalex.org/W2142369829", "https://openalex.org/W2143836515", "https://openalex.org/W2145630843", "https://openalex.org/W2145930499", "https://openalex.org/W2146625505", "https://openalex.org/W2150382179", "https://openalex.org/W2150467761", "https://openalex.org/W2151040744", "https://openalex.org/W2153013134", "https://openalex.org/W2153158097", "https://openalex.org/W2153234270", "https://openalex.org/W2157084876", "https://openalex.org/W2157707094", "https://openalex.org/W2160075492", "https://openalex.org/W2162304282", "https://openalex.org/W2162619305", "https://openalex.org/W2162989269", "https://openalex.org/W2163973447", "https://openalex.org/W2165150869", "https://openalex.org/W2166891515", "https://openalex.org/W2170380292", "https://openalex.org/W2172274087", "https://openalex.org/W2198831487", "https://openalex.org/W2315451753", "https://openalex.org/W2327163377", "https://openalex.org/W2409013125", "https://openalex.org/W3023114891", "https://openalex.org/W4206304567", "https://openalex.org/W4211108603", "https://openalex.org/W4245057219", "https://openalex.org/W6623579382", "https://openalex.org/W6637101932", "https://openalex.org/W6640438000", "https://openalex.org/W6646028242", "https://openalex.org/W6647680902", "https://openalex.org/W6647743809", "https://openalex.org/W6648038561", "https://openalex.org/W6649946463", "https://openalex.org/W6652707750", "https://openalex.org/W6653568821", "https://openalex.org/W6654589610", "https://openalex.org/W6658565059", "https://openalex.org/W6663120097", "https://openalex.org/W6665822539", "https://openalex.org/W6668301291", "https://openalex.org/W6668882700", "https://openalex.org/W6669993806", "https://openalex.org/W6672778229", "https://openalex.org/W6673667392", "https://openalex.org/W6674305156", "https://openalex.org/W6675206221", "https://openalex.org/W6675950160", "https://openalex.org/W6676411251", "https://openalex.org/W6677436237", "https://openalex.org/W6677441092", "https://openalex.org/W6677500132", "https://openalex.org/W6677653251", "https://openalex.org/W6817491760", "https://openalex.org/W6826316612"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2291261743", "https://openalex.org/W1540119434", "https://openalex.org/W4229598134", "https://openalex.org/W2335262298", "https://openalex.org/W2071657884", "https://openalex.org/W2290390358", "https://openalex.org/W327925360", "https://openalex.org/W2765982327", "https://openalex.org/W1535272185", "https://openalex.org/W16619060"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Only": [0], "humans": [1], "can": [2, 24, 55], "report": [3], "feeling": [4, 125, 152, 175], "pain.": [5, 153, 176], "In": [6], "contrast,": [7], "pain": [8], "in": [9, 75, 91, 100], "animals": [10], "is": [11, 42, 121], "typically": [12], "inferred": [13], "on": [14, 44, 72, 86, 97], "the": [15, 28, 33, 45, 76, 80, 87, 92, 101, 114, 117, 162, 170], "basis": [16], "of": [17, 32, 65, 79, 116, 132, 151], "nonverbal": [18], "behaviour.": [19], "Unfortunately,": [20], "these": [21], "behavioural": [22, 34], "data": [23], "be": [25, 56], "problematic": [26], "when": [27], "reliability": [29], "and": [30, 94, 137, 166], "validity": [31], "tests": [35], "are": [36, 135], "questionable.": [37], "The": [38, 128], "thesis": [39], "proposed": [40], "here": [41], "based": [43], "bioengineering": [46], "principle": [47], "that": [48, 120, 159], "structure": [49], "determines": [50], "function.": [51], "Basic": [52], "functional": [53], "homologies": [54, 60], "mapped": [57], "to": [58, 109, 142], "structural": [59, 130, 167], "across": [61], "a": [62], "broad": [63], "spectrum": [64], "vertebrate": [66, 105], "species.": [67], "For": [68], "example,": [69], "olfaction": [70], "depends": [71, 96], "olfactory": [73, 77], "glomeruli": [74], "bulbs": [78], "forebrain,": [81], "visual": [82], "orientation": [83], "responses": [84], "depend": [85], "laminated": [88], "optic": [89], "tectum": [90], "midbrain,": [93], "locomotion": [95], "pattern": [98], "generators": [99], "spinal": [102], "cord": [103], "throughout": [104], "phylogeny,": [106], "from": [107], "fish": [108, 145, 160], "humans.": [110], "Here": [111], "I": [112, 157], "delineate": [113], "region": [115, 134], "human": [118], "brain": [119], "directly": [122], "responsible": [123], "for": [124, 169, 174], "painful": [126], "stimuli.": [127], "principal": [129], "features": [131], "this": [133, 155], "identified": [136], "then": [138], "used": [139], "as": [140], "biomarkers": [141], "infer": [143], "whether": [144], "are,": [146], "at": [147], "least,": [148], "anatomically": [149], "capable": [150], "Using": [154], "strategy,": [156], "conclude": [158], "lack": [161], "necessary": [163], "neurocytoarchitecture,": [164], "microcircuitry,": [165], "connectivity": [168], "neural": [171], "processing": [172], "required": [173]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 38}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 38}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 34}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 26}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 28}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 29}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 18}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 63}], "updated_date": "2026-09-07T09:17:50.787605", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2154500807", "doi": null, "title": "Do Fish Feel Pain", "display_name": "Do Fish Feel Pain", "relevance_score": 498.97064, "publication_year": 2010, "publication_date": "2010-03-25", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2154500807", "mag": "2154500807"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "mag:2154500807", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://dm5migu4zj3pb.cloudfront.net/manuscripts/44000/44594/JCI44594.v1.pdf", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108078550", "display_name": "Victoria A. Braithwaite", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I130769515", "display_name": "Pennsylvania State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04p491231", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Victoria A. Braithwaite", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Pennsylvania State U, PA, US"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Pennsylvania State U, PA, US", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5108078550"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I130769515"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 14.9557, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 128, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99277108, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11420", "display_name": "Geographies of human-animal interactions", "score": 0.6554999947547913, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3305", "display_name": "Geography, Planning and Development"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11420", "display_name": "Geographies of human-animal interactions", "score": 0.6554999947547913, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3305", "display_name": "Geography, Planning and Development"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/premise", "display_name": "Premise", "score": 0.6755892634391785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/subject", "display_name": "Subject (documents)", "score": 0.6087033152580261}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.5205853581428528}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.5024673938751221}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics", "display_name": "Aesthetics", "score": 0.368174284696579}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.2569514513015747}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art", "display_name": "Art", "score": 0.212051123380661}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.1531931459903717}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.11811652779579163}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery", "display_name": "Fishery", "score": 0.07890850305557251}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778023277", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703", "display_name": "Premise", "level": 2, "score": 0.6755892634391785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777855551", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021", "display_name": "Subject (documents)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6087033152580261}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.5205853581428528}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.5024673938751221}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986", "display_name": "Aesthetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.368174284696579}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.2569514513015747}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.212051123380661}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.1531931459903717}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.11811652779579163}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.07890850305557251}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655", "display_name": "Library science", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "mag:2154500807", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://dm5migu4zj3pb.cloudfront.net/manuscripts/44000/44594/JCI44594.v1.pdf", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14", "display_name": "Life below water", "score": 0.4099999964237213}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": false, "pdf": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2043218081", "https://openalex.org/W2142345378", "https://openalex.org/W2142369829", "https://openalex.org/W2033271338", "https://openalex.org/W2015175478", "https://openalex.org/W2116060004", "https://openalex.org/W1968936335", "https://openalex.org/W2073242833", "https://openalex.org/W2050821913", "https://openalex.org/W2087942585", "https://openalex.org/W2096133149", "https://openalex.org/W2095596988", "https://openalex.org/W2051771797", "https://openalex.org/W2043329369", "https://openalex.org/W2043194298", "https://openalex.org/W2015663241", "https://openalex.org/W157128111", "https://openalex.org/W2191626018", "https://openalex.org/W2063120227", "https://openalex.org/W1980219125"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"In": [0, 302], "the": [1, 25, 36, 44, 57, 71, 89, 95, 118, 135, 149, 178, 183, 195, 220, 234, 250, 253, 256, 270, 274, 286, 317, 330, 340, 390, 439, 443, 468, 473, 480, 486, 491, 496, 514, 544, 554, 575, 578, 597, 614, 661, 678, 681], "preface": [2], "of": [3, 38, 97, 168, 185, 209, 222, 255, 320, 342, 392, 412, 490, 529, 572, 624, 689], "her": [4, 62, 142, 333, 573], "book,": [5, 492, 574], "Victoria": [6], "Braithwaite,": [7, 602], "with": [8, 21, 280, 396, 458, 478, 521, 526, 686], "a": [9, 161, 166, 207, 303, 350, 355, 386, 399, 405, 582, 633, 687], "humble": [10], "vocabulary": [11], "and": [12, 41, 43, 53, 55, 109, 170, 206, 211, 216, 225, 232, 345, 347, 389, 424, 519, 531, 541, 549, 619, 626, 652, 667], "an": [13, 75, 327, 563], "exquisite": [14], "tone,": [15], "accepts": [16], "that": [17, 46, 61, 112, 134, 151, 157, 200, 202, 236, 252, 259, 283, 313, 453, 499, 505, 558, 589, 613, 669, 712], "she": [18, 30, 59, 132, 264], "must": [19], "look": [20], "open": [22], "eyes": [23], "at": [24, 101, 129, 188, 358, 704], "recent": [26, 551], "controversy": [27], "(for": [28], "which": [29, 277], "has": [31, 227, 291], "been": [32, 229, 503], "largely": [33], "blamed)": [34], "surrounding": [35], "subjects": [37], "fish": [39, 47, 106, 127, 152, 186, 203, 223, 260, 284, 299, 343, 397, 408, 440, 452, 506, 534, 567, 643, 665, 713], "awareness": [40], "intelligence": [42], "possibility": [45, 150], "experience": [48, 184, 262], "pain.\r\n\r\nBraithwaite\u2019s": [49], "prose": [50], "is": [51, 68, 80, 99, 123, 159, 187, 240, 308, 324, 354, 379, 384, 404, 435, 630], "transparent": [52], "clear,": [54], "from": [56, 249, 326, 539, 636], "beginning": [58], "states": [60, 348], "goal": [63], "in": [64, 105, 276, 310, 349, 372, 381, 415, 426, 461, 495], "writing": [65], "this": [66, 146, 311, 359, 382, 434, 527, 569, 586, 608, 675], "book": [67, 119, 312, 323, 383, 629], "to": [69, 73, 125, 180, 191, 244, 267, 295, 297, 338, 361, 409, 442, 470, 512, 561, 580, 599, 639, 641, 699, 702, 706], "provide": [70], "background": [72], "promote": [74], "informed": [76], "discussion.": [77], "This": [78], "premise": [79], "recalled": [81], "often": [82, 86], "\u2014": [83, 87], "perhaps": [84], "too": [85], "throughout": [88], "book.": [90, 676], "The": [91, 174, 322, 430], "author": [92, 196, 331, 431, 576], "successfully": [93], "informs": [94], "reader": [96, 136, 179, 469, 579], "what": [98, 269, 373, 607, 709], "known": [100], "present": [102], "about": [103, 316, 472, 518, 708], "pain": [104, 158, 224, 289, 344], "using": [107], "simple": [108, 387], "clear": [110], "language": [111], "nonexperts": [113], "can": [114], "easily": [115, 483], "understand.": [116], "Furthermore,": [117], "addresses": [120], "whether": [121, 182], "it": [122, 710], "meaningful": [124], "discuss": [126], "welfare": [128, 318, 449], "all.": [130], "Then": [131], "suggests": [133], "should": [137, 369, 610], "make": [138, 581, 600], "up": [139], "his": [140], "or": [141, 376, 691], "own": [143, 238, 334, 428], "mind": [144, 530], "on": [145, 336, 566], "subject.\r\n\r\nIn": [147], "raising": [148], "feel": [153, 212, 507, 714], "pain,": [154, 263, 508], "Braithwaite": [155, 466, 694], "stresses": [156], "not": [160, 385, 593, 605, 698], "single": [162], "process,": [163], "but": [164, 543], "rather": [165], "series": [167], "events": [169], "characteristic": [171], "responsive": [172], "behaviors.": [173], "discussion": [175], "might": [176, 683], "move": [177], "question": [181, 268], "all": [189], "equivalent": [190], "human": [192], "pain.": [193, 715], "However,": [194], "presents": [197], "sufficient": [198], "evidence": [199, 257, 307, 625], "indicates": [201], "possess": [204], "memory": [205], "sense": [208, 688], "self-awareness": [210], "real": [213], "pain.\r\n\r\nBraithwaite": [214], "fluently": [215], "convincingly": [217], "describes": [218], "why": [219], "subject": [221], "suffering": [226, 346], "only": [228], "recently": [230], "addressed": [231], "acknowledges": [233], "paradox": [235], "our": [237, 393, 427], "existence": [239], "so": [241], "inextricably": [242], "tied": [243], "these": [245], "\u201calien\u201d-looking": [246], "species.": [247], "Moving": [248], "position": [251], "preponderance": [254], "demonstrates": [258], "do": [261, 438], "smoothly": [265], "transitions": [266], "implications": [271], "are": [272, 454, 510, 535, 671], "for": [273, 288, 407, 451, 632], "way": [275, 515, 598, 615], "we": [278, 365, 368, 476, 547, 556, 559], "interact": [279, 477, 520], "them.\r\n\r\nThe": [281], "recognition": [282], "have": [285, 482, 502, 560, 648], "capacity": [287], "perception": [290], "prompted": [292], "many": [293, 474], "individuals": [294], "seek": [296], "offer": [298], "appropriate": [300, 631], "protection.": [301], "balanced": [304], "way,": [305, 352], "scientific": [306, 552], "presented": [309, 380], "supports": [314], "doubts": [315, 335], "needs": [319], "fish.": [321], "far": [325], "anti-fishing": [328], "treatise;": [329], "shows": [332], "how": [337, 701], "handle": [339], "issue": [341], "prudent": [351], "\u201cThere": [353], "worrying": [356], "tendency": [357, 406], "point": [360], "rush": [362], "solutions;": [363], "until": [364], "know": [366], "more,": [367], "be": [370, 410, 596], "cautious": [371], "becomes": [374], "recommended": [375], "lawful": [377], "practice.\u201d\r\n\r\nWhat": [378], "story,": [388], "descriptions": [391], "modern": [394], "interactions": [395], "reveal": [398], "complex": [400], "cultural": [401], "relationship.": [402], "There": [403], "part": [411, 571], "visual": [413], "displays": [414], "public": [416], "places:": [417], "restaurants,": [418], "doctors\u2019": [419], "offices,": [420], "hospital": [421], "outpatient": [422], "areas,": [423], "even": [425], "homes.": [429], "asks": [432], "if": [433, 500, 697], "ethical.": [436], "How": [437], "get": [441, 655], "different": [444, 448, 538], "displays?": [445], "Are": [446], "there": [447], "concerns": [450], "wild": [455], "caught": [456], "compared": [457], "those": [459], "reared": [460], "captivity?": [462], "Little": [463], "by": [464, 658, 673], "little,": [465], "moves": [467], "concern": [471], "ways": [475], "fish.\r\n\r\nWhen": [479], "readers": [481], "gone": [484], "through": [485], "first": [487], "six": [488], "chapters": [489], "they": [493, 501, 509, 516, 653, 670], "find": [494], "last": [497, 570], "chapter": [498], "convinced": [504], "challenged": [511], "change": [513, 528], "think": [517, 548, 707], "them.": [522], "Many": [523], "will": [524, 595, 620, 647, 654], "struggle": [525], "action,": [532], "since": [533], "perceived": [536], "as": [537], "birds": [540], "mammals,": [542], "more": [545, 555], "deeply": [546], "consider": [550], "evidence,": [553, 592], "recognize": [557], "face": [562], "interesting": [564], "debate": [565], "welfare.\r\n\r\nIn": [568], "pushes": [577], "responsible": [583], "decision": [584], "concerning": [585], "topic,": [587], "stating": [588], "\u201crational": [590], "self-argued": [591], "intimidation,": [594], "progress.\u201d": [601], "however,": [603], "does": [604], "dictate": [606], "action": [609], "be,": [611], "accepting": [612], "forward": [616], "remains": [617], "controversial": [618], "require": [621], "individual": [622], "weighing": [623], "personal": [627], "decisions.\r\n\r\nThis": [628], "broad": [634], "audience,": [635], "professional": [637], "anglers": [638], "scientists": [640], "home": [642], "pond": [644], "owners.": [645], "They": [646], "fun": [649], "reading": [650, 674, 682], "it,": [651], "excited,": [656], "page": [657], "page,": [659], "considering": [660], "fascinating": [662], "insights": [663], "into": [664], "behavior": [666], "consciousness": [668], "gaining": [672], "At": [677], "end,": [679], "though,": [680], "leave": [684], "some": [685], "bitterness": [690], "self-doubt.": [692], "Patricia": [693], "forces": [695], "you,": [696], "decide": [700], "act,": [703], "least": [705], "means": [711]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 8}], "updated_date": "2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2033271338", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.001046.x", "title": "Current issues in fish welfare", "display_name": "Current issues in fish welfare", "relevance_score": 362.88583, "publication_year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-02-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2033271338", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.001046.x", "mag": "2033271338"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.001046.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.001046.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S9351502", "display_name": "Journal of Fish Biology", "issn_l": "0022-1112", "issn": ["0022-1112", "1095-8649"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Fish Biology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/22567895/Review_paper__Current_issues_in_fish_welfare.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035426168", "display_name": "Felicity A. Huntingford", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9124-622X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I7882870", "display_name": "University of Glasgow", "ror": "https://ror.org/00vtgdb53", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "F. A. Huntingford", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Fish Biology Group, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,", "Fish Biology Group, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Fish Biology Group, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Fish Biology Group, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5000591678", "display_name": "Colin E. Adams", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2470-9754"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I7882870", "display_name": "University of Glasgow", "ror": "https://ror.org/00vtgdb53", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "C. Adams", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Fish Biology Group, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,", "Fish Biology Group, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Fish Biology Group, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Fish Biology Group, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108078550", "display_name": "Victoria A. Braithwaite", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98677209", "display_name": "University of Edinburgh", "ror": "https://ror.org/01nrxwf90", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "V. A. Braithwaite", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, U.K.,"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, U.K.,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070041140", "display_name": "Sunil Kadri", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9045-5215"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I7882870", "display_name": "University of Glasgow", "ror": "https://ror.org/00vtgdb53", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "S. Kadri", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Fish Biology Group, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,", "Fish Biology Group, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Fish Biology Group, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Fish Biology Group, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068508088", "display_name": "T.G. Pottinger", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7661-9369"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210092773", "display_name": "UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00pggkr55", "country_code": "GB", "type": "other", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "T. G. Pottinger", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, U.K.,"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, U.K.,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210092773"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5030062597", "display_name": "Peter Sand\u00f8e", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0397-3273"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "P. Sand\u00f8e", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Centre for Bioethics and Risk Assessment, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark and"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Centre for Bioethics and Risk Assessment, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark and", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5052220795", "display_name": "James Turnbull", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-9747"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I12093191", "display_name": "University of Stirling", "ror": "https://ror.org/045wgfr59", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. F. Turnbull", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, U.K", "Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, U. K"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, U.K", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, U. K", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5035426168"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I7882870"], "apc_list": {"value": 4480, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4480}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 38.2847, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 874, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99964608, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "68", "issue": "2", "first_page": "332", "last_page": "372"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10838", "display_name": "Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies", "score": 0.9864000082015991, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3404", "display_name": "Small Animals"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/34", "display_name": "Veterinary"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10838", "display_name": "Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies", "score": 0.9864000082015991, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3404", "display_name": "Small Animals"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/34", "display_name": "Veterinary"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10699", "display_name": "Primate Behavior and Ecology", "score": 0.9840999841690063, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12596", "display_name": "Cephalopods and Marine Biology", "score": 0.9782999753952026, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1105", "display_name": "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-welfare", "display_name": "Animal welfare", "score": 0.6928735375404358}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare", "display_name": "Welfare", "score": 0.6835094094276428}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.6150650382041931}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/aquaculture", "display_name": "Aquaculture", "score": 0.588276207447052}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/affect", "display_name": "Affect (linguistics)", "score": 0.4976990520954132}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.43837660551071167}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-ethics", "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "score": 0.32387447357177734}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.29991012811660767}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology", "display_name": "Ecology", "score": 0.24964922666549683}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery", "display_name": "Fishery", "score": 0.22528094053268433}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.17033544182777405}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/law", "display_name": "Law", "score": 0.07940974831581116}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/communication", "display_name": "Communication", "score": 0.07858413457870483}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C523966790", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459426", "display_name": "Animal welfare", "level": 2, "score": 0.6928735375404358}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092", "display_name": "Welfare", "level": 2, "score": 0.6835094094276428}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.6150650382041931}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86909935", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188989", "display_name": "Aquaculture", "level": 3, "score": 0.588276207447052}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776035688", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558", "display_name": "Affect (linguistics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4976990520954132}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.43837660551071167}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686", "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "level": 1, "score": 0.32387447357177734}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.29991012811660767}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.24964922666549683}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.22528094053268433}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.17033544182777405}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.07940974831581116}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C46312422", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024", "display_name": "Communication", "level": 1, "score": 0.07858413457870483}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.001046.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.001046.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S9351502", "display_name": "Journal of Fish Biology", "issn_l": "0022-1112", "issn": ["0022-1112", "1095-8649"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Fish Biology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/0b3d7f90-a1c2-11dd-b6ae-000ea68e967b", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://researchprofiles.ku.dk/da/publications/0b3d7f90-a1c2-11dd-b6ae-000ea68e967b", "pdf_url": "https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/22567895/Review_paper__Current_issues_in_fish_welfare.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401983", "display_name": "Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I124055696", "host_organization_name": "University of Copenhagen", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I124055696"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Huntingford , F A , Adams , C , Braithwaite , V A , Kadri , S , Pottinger , T G , Sand\u00f8e , P & Turnbull , J F 2006 , ' Current issues in fish welfare : review paper ' , Journal of Fish Biology , vol. 68 , no. 2 , pp. 332-372 . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.001046.x", "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/0b3d7f90-a1c2-11dd-b6ae-000ea68e967b", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://researchprofiles.ku.dk/da/publications/0b3d7f90-a1c2-11dd-b6ae-000ea68e967b", "pdf_url": "https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/22567895/Review_paper__Current_issues_in_fish_welfare.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401983", "display_name": "Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I124055696", "host_organization_name": "University of Copenhagen", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I124055696"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Huntingford , F A , Adams , C , Braithwaite , V A , Kadri , S , Pottinger , T G , Sand\u00f8e , P & Turnbull , J F 2006 , ' Current issues in fish welfare : review paper ' , Journal of Fish Biology , vol. 68 , no. 2 , pp. 332-372 . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.001046.x", "raw_type": "article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14", "display_name": "Life below water", "score": 0.8100000023841858}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2033271338.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2033271338.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 201, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W14537186", "https://openalex.org/W32886564", "https://openalex.org/W39959449", "https://openalex.org/W61139143", "https://openalex.org/W75748080", "https://openalex.org/W94734148", "https://openalex.org/W99759837", "https://openalex.org/W110849167", "https://openalex.org/W125210858", "https://openalex.org/W157128111", "https://openalex.org/W175678520", "https://openalex.org/W226148965", "https://openalex.org/W258750037", "https://openalex.org/W271267106", "https://openalex.org/W316204625", "https://openalex.org/W563742804", "https://openalex.org/W821668887", "https://openalex.org/W1480385337", "https://openalex.org/W1490199549", "https://openalex.org/W1533580816", "https://openalex.org/W1537651827", "https://openalex.org/W1539242367", "https://openalex.org/W1545192613", "https://openalex.org/W1562295151", "https://openalex.org/W1571767099", "https://openalex.org/W1584879081", "https://openalex.org/W1593577418", "https://openalex.org/W1594116563", "https://openalex.org/W1605298882", "https://openalex.org/W1632781749", "https://openalex.org/W1770361369", "https://openalex.org/W1823432310", "https://openalex.org/W1925505063", "https://openalex.org/W1955519039", "https://openalex.org/W1964282458", "https://openalex.org/W1964658072", "https://openalex.org/W1965346670", "https://openalex.org/W1968092178", "https://openalex.org/W1970315348", "https://openalex.org/W1973693572", "https://openalex.org/W1974515286", "https://openalex.org/W1975757566", "https://openalex.org/W1977160566", "https://openalex.org/W1977886407", "https://openalex.org/W1978684300", "https://openalex.org/W1979644670", "https://openalex.org/W1980886195", "https://openalex.org/W1981423473", "https://openalex.org/W1985486195", "https://openalex.org/W1987235037", "https://openalex.org/W1988052440", "https://openalex.org/W1988326372", "https://openalex.org/W1989166737", "https://openalex.org/W1989428926", "https://openalex.org/W1989794017", "https://openalex.org/W1992106193", "https://openalex.org/W1996894757", "https://openalex.org/W1998037358", "https://openalex.org/W1998158797", "https://openalex.org/W1999582227", "https://openalex.org/W2000707434", "https://openalex.org/W2001097206", "https://openalex.org/W2002201314", "https://openalex.org/W2002362943", "https://openalex.org/W2002944970", "https://openalex.org/W2003030977", "https://openalex.org/W2004823103", "https://openalex.org/W2006478928", "https://openalex.org/W2007244736", "https://openalex.org/W2007911946", "https://openalex.org/W2008812549", "https://openalex.org/W2009662197", "https://openalex.org/W2010253967", "https://openalex.org/W2011931410", "https://openalex.org/W2012844125", "https://openalex.org/W2013645357", "https://openalex.org/W2014834707", "https://openalex.org/W2015175478", "https://openalex.org/W2016294816", "https://openalex.org/W2016543813", "https://openalex.org/W2018129006", "https://openalex.org/W2018938785", "https://openalex.org/W2020417412", "https://openalex.org/W2021199952", "https://openalex.org/W2021612033", "https://openalex.org/W2021985153", "https://openalex.org/W2023094376", "https://openalex.org/W2023674797", "https://openalex.org/W2026517682", "https://openalex.org/W2028838115", "https://openalex.org/W2031457097", "https://openalex.org/W2031639554", "https://openalex.org/W2036936157", "https://openalex.org/W2038263470", "https://openalex.org/W2038968984", "https://openalex.org/W2040171377", "https://openalex.org/W2040257704", "https://openalex.org/W2040917296", "https://openalex.org/W2041775832", "https://openalex.org/W2042423954", "https://openalex.org/W2043218081", "https://openalex.org/W2043801410", "https://openalex.org/W2046317844", "https://openalex.org/W2047013171", "https://openalex.org/W2048566513", "https://openalex.org/W2048662832", "https://openalex.org/W2049190919", "https://openalex.org/W2049305773", "https://openalex.org/W2052113315", "https://openalex.org/W2054819673", "https://openalex.org/W2056802321", "https://openalex.org/W2057408051", "https://openalex.org/W2059029412", "https://openalex.org/W2059377764", "https://openalex.org/W2061926947", "https://openalex.org/W2065818856", "https://openalex.org/W2066067754", "https://openalex.org/W2070402931", "https://openalex.org/W2072427652", "https://openalex.org/W2072587607", "https://openalex.org/W2073242833", "https://openalex.org/W2078430806", "https://openalex.org/W2081961134", "https://openalex.org/W2082926361", "https://openalex.org/W2083591923", "https://openalex.org/W2084082569", "https://openalex.org/W2084319220", "https://openalex.org/W2085934778", "https://openalex.org/W2090122569", "https://openalex.org/W2092769371", "https://openalex.org/W2093329239", "https://openalex.org/W2094196496", "https://openalex.org/W2094543916", "https://openalex.org/W2098184626", "https://openalex.org/W2098935509", "https://openalex.org/W2099071951", "https://openalex.org/W2102562591", "https://openalex.org/W2103291048", "https://openalex.org/W2105760601", "https://openalex.org/W2107504302", "https://openalex.org/W2108298701", "https://openalex.org/W2108343989", "https://openalex.org/W2109925243", "https://openalex.org/W2111025075", "https://openalex.org/W2111091673", "https://openalex.org/W2114341501", "https://openalex.org/W2114496296", "https://openalex.org/W2114584992", "https://openalex.org/W2115781369", "https://openalex.org/W2115899534", "https://openalex.org/W2116060004", "https://openalex.org/W2116707460", "https://openalex.org/W2116780784", "https://openalex.org/W2118492934", "https://openalex.org/W2122857028", "https://openalex.org/W2124021466", "https://openalex.org/W2127236088", "https://openalex.org/W2134133318", "https://openalex.org/W2134547136", "https://openalex.org/W2136061619", "https://openalex.org/W2140736796", "https://openalex.org/W2142345378", "https://openalex.org/W2145630843", "https://openalex.org/W2147271630", "https://openalex.org/W2149796751", "https://openalex.org/W2154772162", "https://openalex.org/W2155943058", "https://openalex.org/W2158479448", "https://openalex.org/W2160881937", "https://openalex.org/W2163194595", "https://openalex.org/W2164630124", "https://openalex.org/W2169894579", "https://openalex.org/W2243361302", "https://openalex.org/W2294134145", "https://openalex.org/W2319625547", "https://openalex.org/W2409680104", "https://openalex.org/W2443243051", "https://openalex.org/W2463807043", "https://openalex.org/W2467130992", "https://openalex.org/W2481192239", "https://openalex.org/W2490430908", "https://openalex.org/W2600932301", "https://openalex.org/W2613668785", "https://openalex.org/W2734218036", "https://openalex.org/W2739207040", "https://openalex.org/W2748185839", "https://openalex.org/W2918657375", "https://openalex.org/W2980999238", "https://openalex.org/W3036462827", "https://openalex.org/W3049480209", "https://openalex.org/W3081691829", "https://openalex.org/W3196014451", "https://openalex.org/W4211234104", "https://openalex.org/W4244955582", "https://openalex.org/W4245682208", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W4320473600", "https://openalex.org/W6604495902", "https://openalex.org/W6634271741", "https://openalex.org/W6636032753", "https://openalex.org/W6737875646"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4226374845", "https://openalex.org/W319760976", "https://openalex.org/W3088319873", "https://openalex.org/W2087716278", "https://openalex.org/W4362570340", "https://openalex.org/W1581069374", "https://openalex.org/W3186419065", "https://openalex.org/W2341839491", "https://openalex.org/W4320926569", "https://openalex.org/W4367834812"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Human": [0, 266], "beings": [1], "may": [2, 191, 551, 566, 575, 632], "affect": [3], "the": [4, 26, 33, 80, 92, 136, 141, 185, 199, 277, 306, 309, 401, 415, 423, 430, 439, 456, 474, 527, 531, 608, 636, 648, 729], "welfare": [5, 29, 52, 90, 105, 239, 272, 295, 475, 578, 614, 677, 699], "of": [6, 14, 30, 50, 62, 94, 135, 144, 202, 227, 238, 240, 308, 318, 393, 438, 471, 477, 484, 493, 513, 582, 610, 652, 697, 715, 753, 759], "fish": [7, 31, 149, 162, 165, 249, 271, 285, 294, 313, 354, 385, 416, 523, 586, 639, 698, 766, 782], "through": [8, 647], "fisheries,": [9, 280], "aquaculture": [10], "and": [11, 98, 150, 153, 196, 211, 254, 287, 303, 363, 410, 425, 444, 450, 465, 496, 533, 537, 587, 589, 663, 672, 711, 737, 767], "a": [12, 71, 232, 297, 316, 391, 468, 478, 491, 603, 712, 749, 777], "number": [13, 581], "other": [15, 228, 637, 679, 709], "activities.": [16], "There": [17, 243], "is": [18, 86, 106, 131, 146, 173, 231, 244, 296, 442, 558, 670, 700, 721, 727], "no": [19], "agreement": [20], "on": [21, 54, 58, 66, 89, 347, 473, 530, 613, 708], "just": [22], "how": [23, 43], "to": [24, 87, 111, 221, 276, 293, 327, 331, 343, 358, 387, 419, 446, 458, 506, 548, 570, 601, 659, 683, 692, 719, 723, 772], "weigh": [25], "concern": [27, 235], "for": [28, 187, 234, 341, 594, 675], "against": [32, 305], "human": [34, 200, 519], "interests": [35], "involved,": [36], "but": [37, 79, 349, 525], "ethical": [38], "frameworks": [39, 674], "exist": [40], "that": [41, 63, 139, 158, 164, 174, 213, 248, 255, 268, 299, 353, 366, 397, 413, 501, 517, 526, 621, 731], "suggest": [42, 352], "this": [44, 84, 190, 203, 209], "might": [45], "be": [46, 192, 301, 487, 507, 552, 567, 633, 684, 689, 724], "approached.": [47], "Different": [48], "definitions": [49], "animal": [51, 104], "focus": [53, 88], "an": [55, 132, 702], "animal's": [56], "condition,": [57], "its": [59, 159], "subjective": [60, 142], "experience": [61, 120, 143, 201, 226, 251, 315], "condition": [64], "and/or": [65], "whether": [67, 107], "it": [68, 154, 339, 350], "can": [69, 250, 521, 688], "lead": [70], "natural": [72], "life.": [73], "These": [74, 404], "provide": [75, 467], "different,": [76], "legitimate,": [77], "perspectives,": [78], "approach": [81], "taken": [82], "in": [83, 101, 129, 148, 161, 194, 236, 259, 370, 405, 429, 543, 624, 641, 678, 762, 768], "paper": [85], "as": [91, 115, 181], "absence": [93, 160], "suffering.": [95, 125], "An": [96], "unresolved": [97], "controversial": [99], "issue": [100], "discussions": [102], "about": [103], "non\u2010human": [108], "animals": [109, 176, 681], "exposed": [110], "adverse": [112, 264, 319, 545], "experiences": [113], "such": [114, 180, 345, 504], "physical": [116], "injury": [117, 224], "or": [118, 225, 325, 329, 421], "confinement": [119], "what": [121, 716], "humans": [122, 130, 342], "would": [123, 775], "call": [124], "The": [126, 290, 480, 694], "neocortex,": [127], "which": [128, 260], "important": [133, 592], "part": [134], "neural": [137], "mechanism": [138], "generates": [140], "suffering,": [145, 188], "lacking": [147], "non\u2010mammalian": [151], "animals,": [152, 742], "has": [155], "been": [156], "argued": [157], "indicates": [163], "cannot": [166], "suffer.": [167], "A": [168, 510, 580, 756], "strong": [169], "alternative": [170], "view,": [171], "however,": [172, 739], "complex": [175], "with": [177, 360, 382, 390, 455, 644, 706, 748], "sophisticated": [178, 741], "behaviour,": [179], "fish,": [182, 348, 732], "probably": [183], "have": [184, 262, 356, 591], "capacity": [186], "though": [189, 733], "different": [193, 734], "degree": [195], "kind": [197], "from": [198, 321, 735, 745], "state.": [204], "Recent": [205], "empirical": [206], "studies": [207], "support": [208], "view": [210], "show": [212], "painful": [214], "stimuli": [215], "are,": [216], "at": [217, 432, 701], "least,": [218], "strongly": [219], "aversive": [220], "fish.": [222, 242, 479, 693], "Consequently,": [223], "harmful": [229], "conditions": [230, 346, 362], "cause": [233, 576], "terms": [237], "individual": [241], "also": [245, 539], "growing": [246, 511], "evidence": [247, 514], "fear\u2010like": [252], "states": [253], "they": [256, 261, 656, 687], "avoid": [257, 422], "situations": [258], "experienced": [263], "conditions.": [265, 334], "activities": [267, 520], "potentially": [269], "compromise": [270], "include": [273], "anthropogenic": [274], "changes": [275, 412], "environment,": [278], "commercial": [279], "recreational": [281], "angling,": [282], "aquaculture,": [283, 544], "ornamental": [284], "keeping": [286], "scientific": [288, 695], "research.": [289], "resulting": [291], "harm": [292, 522], "cost": [298], "must": [300], "minimized": [302], "weighed": [304], "benefits": [307], "activity": [310], "concerned.": [311], "Wild": [312], "naturally": [314, 623], "variety": [317], "conditions,": [320], "attack": [322], "by": [323, 489], "predators": [324], "conspecifics": [326], "starvation": [328], "exposure": [330], "poor": [332, 660], "environmental": [333, 388], "This": [335], "does": [336, 351], "not": [337, 599, 616], "make": [338, 414], "acceptable": [340], "impose": [344], "will": [355, 486], "mechanisms": [357], "cope": [359], "these": [361, 760], "reminds": [364], "us": [365, 516], "pain": [367], "responses": [368], "are": [369, 398, 426, 499, 538, 615, 640, 657, 740], "some": [371], "cases": [372], "adaptive": [373, 394], "(for": [374], "example,": [375, 542], "suppressing": [376], "feeding": [377], "when": [378], "injured).": [379], "In": [380, 434], "common": [381], "all": [383], "vertebrates,": [384], "respond": [386], "challenges": [389], "series": [392], "neuro\u2010endocrine": [395], "adjustments": [396], "collectively": [399], "termed": [400], "stress": [402, 440, 460], "response.": [403], "turn": [406], "induce": [407], "reversible": [408], "metabolic": [409], "behavioural": [411], "better": [417], "able": [418], "overcome": [420], "challenge": [424], "undoubtedly": [427], "beneficial,": [428], "short\u2010term": [431], "least.": [433], "contrast,": [435], "prolonged": [436], "activation": [437], "response": [441, 457], "damaging": [443], "leads": [445], "immuno\u2010suppression,": [447], "reduced": [448], "growth": [449], "reproductive": [451], "dysfunction.": [452], "Indicators": [453], "associated": [454], "chronic": [459], "(physiological": [461], "endpoints,": [462], "disease": [463], "status": [464, 476], "behaviour)": [466], "potential": [469], "source": [470], "information": [472], "most": [481], "reliable": [482], "assessment": [483], "well\u2010being": [485], "obtained": [488], "examining": [490], "range": [492], "informative": [494], "measures": [495, 505], "statistical": [497], "techniques": [498], "available": [500], "enable": [502], "several": [503], "combined": [508], "objectively.": [509], "body": [512, 605], "tells": [515], "many": [518], "welfare,": [524], "effects": [528, 546, 609], "depend": [529], "species": [532, 620], "life\u2010history": [534], "stage": [535, 704], "concerned": [536], "context\u2010dependent.": [540], "For": [541, 619], "related": [547], "stocking": [549], "density": [550], "eliminated": [553], "if": [554], "good": [555], "water": [556, 564, 661, 664], "quality": [557, 565, 662], "maintained.": [559], "At": [560], "low": [561, 627], "densities,": [562], "bad": [563], "less": [568], "likely": [569], "arise": [571], "whereas": [572], "social": [573], "interactions": [574], "greater": [577], "problems.": [579], "key": [583], "differences": [584], "between": [585, 668], "birds": [588, 736], "mammals": [590], "implications": [593], "their": [595, 645, 653], "welfare.": [596, 783], "Fish": [597], "do": [598], "need": [600, 682, 718], "fuel": [602], "high": [604, 630], "temperature,": [606], "so": [607, 617, 655], "food": [611], "deprivation": [612], "marked.": [618], "live": [622], "large": [625], "shoals,": [626], "rather": [628], "than": [629], "densities": [631], "harmful.": [634], "On": [635], "hand,": [638], "intimate": [642], "contact": [643], "environment": [646], "huge": [649], "surface": [650], "area": [651], "gills,": [654], "vulnerable": [658], "borne": [665], "pollutants.": [666], "Extrapolation": [667], "taxa": [669], "dangerous": [671], "general": [673], "ensuring": [676], "vertebrate": [680], "modified": [685], "before": [686], "usefully": [690], "applied": [691], "study": [696], "early": [703], "compared": [705], "work": [707], "vertebrates": [710], "great": [713], "deal": [714], "we": [717], "know": [720], "yet": [722], "discovered.": [725], "It": [726], "clearly": [728], "case": [730], "mammals,": [738], "far": [743], "removed": [744], "unfeeling": [746], "creatures": [747], "15": [750], "s": [751], "memory": [752], "popular": [754], "misconception.": [755], "heightened": [757], "appreciation": [758], "points": [761], "those": [763, 769], "who": [764, 770], "exploit": [765], "seek": [771], "protect": [773], "them": [774], "go": [776], "long": [778], "way": [779], "towards": [780], "improving": [781]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 35}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 49}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 56}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 61}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 42}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 59}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 63}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 43}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 34}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 38}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 26}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 35}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 45}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 28}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 47}], "updated_date": "2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2056245235", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-014-9469-4", "title": "Fish do not feel pain and its implications for understanding phenomenal consciousness", "display_name": "Fish do not feel pain and its implications for understanding phenomenal consciousness", "relevance_score": 295.01785, "publication_year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-12-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2056245235", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-014-9469-4", "mag": "2056245235", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25798021"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/s10539-014-9469-4", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-014-9469-4", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10539-014-9469-4.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S75346102", "display_name": "Biology & Philosophy", "issn_l": "0169-3867", "issn": ["0169-3867", "1572-8404"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Biology &amp; Philosophy", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10539-014-9469-4.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090561424", "display_name": "Brian Key", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1150-3848"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I160993911", "display_name": "Queensland University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03pnv4752", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I165143802", "display_name": "The University of Queensland", "ror": "https://ror.org/00rqy9422", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Brian Key", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Australia", "University of Queensland"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I160993911", "https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Queensland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5090561424"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I160993911", "https://openalex.org/I165143802"], "apc_list": {"value": 3190, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3190}, "apc_paid": {"value": 3190, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3190}, "fwci": 3.055, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 115, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.91871072, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "30", "issue": "2", "first_page": "149", "last_page": "165"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10971", "display_name": "Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "score": 0.9882000088691711, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2809", "display_name": "Sensory Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10971", "display_name": "Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "score": 0.9882000088691711, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2809", "display_name": "Sensory Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10581", "display_name": "Neural dynamics and brain function", "score": 0.9879000186920166, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2805", "display_name": "Cognitive Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10423", "display_name": "Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research", "score": 0.9836000204086304, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2804", "display_name": "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling", "display_name": "Feeling", "score": 0.7830746173858643}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/consciousness", "display_name": "Consciousness", "score": 0.7054165601730347}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.5825105309486389}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/context", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "score": 0.5346295833587646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroanatomy", "display_name": "Neuroanatomy", "score": 0.48421311378479004}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.48332738876342773}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/set", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "score": 0.4255716800689697}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/perception", "display_name": "Perception", "score": 0.41874682903289795}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science", "display_name": "Cognitive science", "score": 0.3534303903579712}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "score": 0.34006237983703613}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "score": 0.3376602530479431}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology", "display_name": "Social psychology", "score": 0.17709937691688538}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.11952182650566101}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.06833848357200623}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C122980154", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555", "display_name": "Feeling", "level": 2, "score": 0.7830746173858643}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C186720457", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087", "display_name": "Consciousness", "level": 2, "score": 0.7054165601730347}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.5825105309486389}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5346295833587646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C103378370", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q948647", "display_name": "Neuroanatomy", "level": 2, "score": 0.48421311378479004}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.48332738876342773}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4255716800689697}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26760741", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402", "display_name": "Perception", "level": 2, "score": 0.41874682903289795}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188147891", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638", "display_name": "Cognitive science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3534303903579712}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.34006237983703613}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.3376602530479431}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.17709937691688538}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.11952182650566101}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.06833848357200623}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205", "display_name": "Paleontology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1007/s10539-014-9469-4", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-014-9469-4", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10539-014-9469-4.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S75346102", "display_name": "Biology & Philosophy", "issn_l": "0169-3867", "issn": ["0169-3867", "1572-8404"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Biology &amp; Philosophy", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:25798021", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25798021", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Biology & philosophy", "raw_type": "Journal Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4356734", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4356734", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Biol Philos", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/s10539-014-9469-4", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-014-9469-4", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10539-014-9469-4.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S75346102", "display_name": "Biology & Philosophy", "issn_l": "0169-3867", "issn": ["0169-3867", "1572-8404"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Biology &amp; Philosophy", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14", "display_name": "Life below water", "score": 0.6299999952316284}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2056245235.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2056245235.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 137, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W35637970", "https://openalex.org/W1500719707", "https://openalex.org/W1546789333", "https://openalex.org/W1557728253", "https://openalex.org/W1579188694", "https://openalex.org/W1615999363", "https://openalex.org/W1705348223", "https://openalex.org/W1766627513", "https://openalex.org/W1778567571", "https://openalex.org/W1965676715", "https://openalex.org/W1966927218", "https://openalex.org/W1967162890", "https://openalex.org/W1967714812", "https://openalex.org/W1968566252", "https://openalex.org/W1968936335", "https://openalex.org/W1969412888", "https://openalex.org/W1969839850", "https://openalex.org/W1972214202", "https://openalex.org/W1972348684", "https://openalex.org/W1972644091", "https://openalex.org/W1973300231", "https://openalex.org/W1973774662", "https://openalex.org/W1975562240", "https://openalex.org/W1975867390", "https://openalex.org/W1978256801", "https://openalex.org/W1980219125", "https://openalex.org/W1980955085", "https://openalex.org/W1981165045", "https://openalex.org/W1981320071", "https://openalex.org/W1983952521", "https://openalex.org/W1986067273", "https://openalex.org/W1986969817", "https://openalex.org/W1987694098", "https://openalex.org/W1987815903", "https://openalex.org/W1988037565", "https://openalex.org/W1989322040", "https://openalex.org/W1989423171", "https://openalex.org/W1998713559", "https://openalex.org/W2002417671", "https://openalex.org/W2004103684", "https://openalex.org/W2005988907", "https://openalex.org/W2007257764", "https://openalex.org/W2007446775", "https://openalex.org/W2009795473", "https://openalex.org/W2014549608", "https://openalex.org/W2014904041", "https://openalex.org/W2015175478", "https://openalex.org/W2017295386", "https://openalex.org/W2017640089", "https://openalex.org/W2018924168", "https://openalex.org/W2019357123", "https://openalex.org/W2021747578", "https://openalex.org/W2022044323", "https://openalex.org/W2022105630", "https://openalex.org/W2023899917", "https://openalex.org/W2024947359", "https://openalex.org/W2027968420", "https://openalex.org/W2033624480", "https://openalex.org/W2035080568", "https://openalex.org/W2035638914", "https://openalex.org/W2037540055", "https://openalex.org/W2040211608", "https://openalex.org/W2043194298", "https://openalex.org/W2043218081", "https://openalex.org/W2046333065", "https://openalex.org/W2046431464", "https://openalex.org/W2046627145", "https://openalex.org/W2049343441", "https://openalex.org/W2049570813", "https://openalex.org/W2051771797", "https://openalex.org/W2054267441", "https://openalex.org/W2055152022", "https://openalex.org/W2056526309", "https://openalex.org/W2056582806", "https://openalex.org/W2058336802", "https://openalex.org/W2058369121", "https://openalex.org/W2060133312", "https://openalex.org/W2060356718", "https://openalex.org/W2060636715", "https://openalex.org/W2061386323", "https://openalex.org/W2061578515", "https://openalex.org/W2061689772", "https://openalex.org/W2063903460", "https://openalex.org/W2064492590", "https://openalex.org/W2066612443", "https://openalex.org/W2066692072", "https://openalex.org/W2067061638", "https://openalex.org/W2069555383", "https://openalex.org/W2069977347", "https://openalex.org/W2073866887", "https://openalex.org/W2077569683", "https://openalex.org/W2078551845", "https://openalex.org/W2080363369", "https://openalex.org/W2085608195", "https://openalex.org/W2087790185", "https://openalex.org/W2088699857", "https://openalex.org/W2093477076", "https://openalex.org/W2097980270", "https://openalex.org/W2103934527", "https://openalex.org/W2104807792", "https://openalex.org/W2106146832", "https://openalex.org/W2108991391", "https://openalex.org/W2113429637", "https://openalex.org/W2117260617", "https://openalex.org/W2117468833", "https://openalex.org/W2120079537", "https://openalex.org/W2121517340", "https://openalex.org/W2125026844", "https://openalex.org/W2125890569", "https://openalex.org/W2135311307", "https://openalex.org/W2136820200", "https://openalex.org/W2136937868", "https://openalex.org/W2139223022", "https://openalex.org/W2140555726", "https://openalex.org/W2140591465", "https://openalex.org/W2142345378", "https://openalex.org/W2142369829", "https://openalex.org/W2145630843", "https://openalex.org/W2148157467", "https://openalex.org/W2149587699", "https://openalex.org/W2149961992", "https://openalex.org/W2150958067", "https://openalex.org/W2152077395", "https://openalex.org/W2154800622", "https://openalex.org/W2158343977", "https://openalex.org/W2164948861", "https://openalex.org/W2171500604", "https://openalex.org/W2189924253", "https://openalex.org/W2205206992", "https://openalex.org/W2215648484", "https://openalex.org/W2243512002", "https://openalex.org/W2484205883", "https://openalex.org/W2753357941", "https://openalex.org/W4211108603", "https://openalex.org/W4235747109", "https://openalex.org/W4256073048", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2186035063", "https://openalex.org/W1503217837", "https://openalex.org/W1989997625", "https://openalex.org/W2113773025", "https://openalex.org/W2107224662", "https://openalex.org/W2526467952", "https://openalex.org/W2245467156", "https://openalex.org/W2142680372", "https://openalex.org/W21463351", "https://openalex.org/W4200556610"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Phenomenal": [0], "consciousness": [1], "or": [2, 103], "the": [3, 17, 28, 76, 83, 116], "subjective": [4, 21], "experience": [5], "of": [6, 16, 19, 31, 43, 78, 82, 87, 93, 96], "feeling": [7, 101], "sensory": [8], "stimuli": [9, 65], "is": [10, 73, 109, 124], "fundamental": [11, 94], "to": [12, 25, 35, 45, 53, 63], "human": [13], "existence.": [14], "Because": [15], "ubiquity": [18], "their": [20], "experiences,": [22], "humans": [23], "seem": [24], "readily": [26], "accept": [27], "anthropomorphic": [29], "extension": [30], "these": [32, 129], "mental": [33, 88], "states": [34, 106], "other": [36], "animals.": [37], "Humans": [38], "will": [39], "typically": [40], "extrapolate": [41], "feelings": [42], "pain": [44, 102], "animals": [46], "if": [47], "they": [48], "respond": [49, 62], "physiologically": [50], "and": [51, 67, 85, 113, 132], "behaviourally": [52], "noxious": [54, 64], "stimuli.": [55], "The": [56], "alternative": [57], "view": [58], "that": [59, 126], "fish": [60, 127], "instead": [61], "reflexly": [66], "with": [68], "a": [69, 91], "limited": [70], "behavioural": [71], "repertoire": [72], "defended": [74], "within": [75], "context": [77], "our": [79], "current": [80], "understanding": [81], "neuroanatomy": [84], "neurophysiology": [86], "states.": [89], "Consequently,": [90], "set": [92], "properties": [95], "neural": [97, 118], "tissue": [98], "necessary": [99], "for": [100, 120], "experiencing": [104], "affective": [105], "in": [107], "vertebrates": [108], "proposed.": [110], "While": [111], "mammals": [112], "birds": [114], "possess": [115], "prerequisite": [117], "architecture": [119], "phenomenal": [121], "consciousness,": [122], "it": [123], "concluded": [125], "lack": [128], "essential": [130], "characteristics": [131], "hence": [133], "do": [134], "not": [135], "feel": [136], "pain.": [137]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 16}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 31}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 5}], "updated_date": "2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2225797092", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1070", "title": "Falsifying the null hypothesis that \u201cfish do not feel pain\"", "display_name": "Falsifying the null hypothesis that \u201cfish do not feel pain\"", "relevance_score": 248.00969, "publication_year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2225797092", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1070", "mag": "2225797092"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1070", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1070", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1070&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "diamond", "oa_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1070&context=animsent", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090561424", "display_name": "Brian Key", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1150-3848"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Brian Key", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Queensland"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Queensland", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5090561424"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 6.4382, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 14, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.95317679, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 88, "max": 98}, "biblio": {"volume": "1", "issue": "3", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12596", "display_name": "Cephalopods and Marine Biology", "score": 0.7006000280380249, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1105", "display_name": "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12596", "display_name": "Cephalopods and Marine Biology", "score": 0.7006000280380249, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1105", "display_name": "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12388", "display_name": "Identification and Quantification in Food", "score": 0.6592000126838684, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/vitalism", "display_name": "Vitalism", "score": 0.6733823418617249}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sentience", "display_name": "Sentience", "score": 0.6477943062782288}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/premise", "display_name": "Premise", "score": 0.6393033862113953}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.6019955277442932}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.5908015370368958}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/argument", "display_name": "Argument (complex analysis)", "score": 0.5324407815933228}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.5302122831344604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ignorance", "display_name": "Ignorance", "score": 0.5117990374565125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "score": 0.33902961015701294}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science", "display_name": "Cognitive science", "score": 0.3288882374763489}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.2785152494907379}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.13695013523101807}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.10967057943344116}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C153668287", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191631", "display_name": "Vitalism", "level": 3, "score": 0.6733823418617249}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780865100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488994", "display_name": "Sentience", "level": 2, "score": 0.6477943062782288}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778023277", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703", "display_name": "Premise", "level": 2, "score": 0.6393033862113953}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.6019955277442932}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.5908015370368958}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C98184364", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131", "display_name": "Argument (complex analysis)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5324407815933228}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.5302122831344604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778732403", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815577", "display_name": "Ignorance", "level": 2, "score": 0.5117990374565125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.33902961015701294}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188147891", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638", "display_name": "Cognitive science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3288882374763489}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.2785152494907379}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.13695013523101807}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.10967057943344116}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504", "display_name": "Alternative medicine", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1070", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1070", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1070&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:animalstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1070", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/39", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b53926f3b43c48cca3e1b235d53557ab", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/b53926f3b43c48cca3e1b235d53557ab", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience, Vol 1, Iss 3 (2016)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1070", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/39", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1070", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1070", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1070&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2225797092.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2225797092.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 15, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W811590704", "https://openalex.org/W1588290429", "https://openalex.org/W2050704896", "https://openalex.org/W2087923797", "https://openalex.org/W2113167392", "https://openalex.org/W2135487512", "https://openalex.org/W2191177928", "https://openalex.org/W2191953339", "https://openalex.org/W2194573230", "https://openalex.org/W2196332838", "https://openalex.org/W2198116459", "https://openalex.org/W2200053444", "https://openalex.org/W2212421562", "https://openalex.org/W2218619786", "https://openalex.org/W4381414103"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2115206405", "https://openalex.org/W3161909777", "https://openalex.org/W4252540304", "https://openalex.org/W2007493167", "https://openalex.org/W3088997805", "https://openalex.org/W2793004112", "https://openalex.org/W2061185402", "https://openalex.org/W1483677972", "https://openalex.org/W3211973768", "https://openalex.org/W1517942169"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 110], "reader": [1], "of": [2, 11, 61, 72, 80, 108], "Animal": [3], "Sentience": [4], "may": [5], "surmise": [6], "that": [7, 33, 84, 134], "because": [8], "the": [9, 12, 34, 70, 76, 95, 126, 131, 143], "weight": [10], "commentaries": [13], "on": [14], "my": [15, 29], "target": [16], "article,": [17], "\u201cWhy": [18], "fish": [19], "do": [20, 37, 136], "not": [21, 27, 38, 46, 137], "feel": [22, 39, 138], "pain,\u201d": [23], "is": [24, 41, 52, 104, 119, 140], "leaning": [25], "towards": [26], "supporting": [28], "argument,": [30], "it": [31], "follows": [32], "premise": [35], "\"fish": [36, 135], "pain\"": [40, 139], "incorrect.": [42], "However,": [43], "science": [44], "does": [45], "prevail": [47], "by": [48, 66], "popular": [49], "opinion.": [50], "History": [51], "plagued": [53], "with": [54], "numerous": [55], "(and": [56], "often": [57, 91], "widely": [58], "accepted)": [59], "examples": [60], "biological": [62], "phenomena": [63], "being": [64], "explained": [65], "mysterious": [67], "forces.": [68], "In": [69], "absence": [71], "a": [73, 87], "mechanistic": [74], "understanding,": [75], "many": [77], "different": [78], "guises": [79], "vitalism": [81], "(the": [82], "principle": [83], "life": [85], "involves": [86], "vital": [88], "energy)": [89], "are": [90], "invoked": [92], "to": [93, 100, 114, 120, 129, 141], "explain": [94], "unknown.": [96], "Spurious": [97], "assumptions": [98], "tend": [99], "exist": [101], "when": [102], "there": [103], "ignorance": [105], "and": [106], "misunderstanding": [107], "mechanisms.": [109, 124], "most": [111], "effective": [112], "way": [113, 128], "argue": [115], "against": [116], "contrived": [117], "explanations": [118], "discover": [121], "fundamental": [122], "causal": [123], "Likewise,": [125], "best": [127], "falsify": [130], "null": [132], "hypothesis": [133], "investigate": [142], "underlying": [144], "neural": [145], "mechanisms": [146], "generating": [147], "pain.": [148]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3}], "updated_date": "2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1968467263", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-011-9518-8", "title": "Behavioural indicators of welfare in farmed fish", "display_name": "Behavioural indicators of welfare in farmed fish", "relevance_score": 234.9343, "publication_year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-07-27", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1968467263", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-011-9518-8", "mag": "1968467263", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21796377"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/s10695-011-9518-8", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-011-9518-8", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10695-011-9518-8.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S188633547", "display_name": "Fish Physiology and Biochemistry", "issn_l": "0920-1742", "issn": ["0920-1742", "1573-5168"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Fish Physiology and Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10695-011-9518-8.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5107467189", "display_name": "Catarina I.M. Martins", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I71503853", "display_name": "University of Algarve", "ror": "https://ror.org/014g34x36", "country_code": "PT", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I71503853"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I913481162", "display_name": "Wageningen University & Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/04qw24q55", "country_code": "NL", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}], "countries": ["NL", "PT"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Catarina I. M. Martins", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal. cimartins@ualg.pt", "Universidade do Algarve", "Wageningen University"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal. cimartins@ualg.pt", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I71503853"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Universidade do Algarve", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I71503853"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Wageningen University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108074835", "display_name": "Leonor Galhardo", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210102116", "display_name": "ISPA - Instituto Universit\u00e1rio", "ror": "https://ror.org/019yg0716", "country_code": "PT", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210102116"]}], "countries": ["PT"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Leonor Galhardo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Eco-Etologia, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal", "Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Eco-Etologia"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Eco-Etologia, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210102116"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Eco-Etologia", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032473847", "display_name": "N Chris", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3203-1704"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210087494", "display_name": "Nofi Troms\u00f8 (Norway)", "ror": "https://ror.org/002tr2c66", "country_code": "NO", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087494"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210121781", "display_name": "Nofima", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v1rsx93", "country_code": "NO", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210121781"]}], "countries": ["NO"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chris Noble", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Nofima Marin, P.O. Box 6122, 9291, Troms\u00f6, Norway", "Nofima Marin"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Nofima Marin, P.O. Box 6122, 9291, Troms\u00f6, Norway", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087494", "https://openalex.org/I4210121781"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Nofima Marin", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210121781"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5048661422", "display_name": "B\u00f8rge Damsg\u00e5rd", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7731-0168"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210087494", "display_name": "Nofi Troms\u00f8 (Norway)", "ror": "https://ror.org/002tr2c66", "country_code": "NO", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087494"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210121781", "display_name": "Nofima", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v1rsx93", "country_code": "NO", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210121781"]}], "countries": ["NO"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "B\u00f8rge Damsg\u00e5rd", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Nofima Marin, P.O. Box 6122, 9291, Troms\u00f6, Norway", "Nofima Marin"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Nofima Marin, P.O. Box 6122, 9291, Troms\u00f6, Norway", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087494", "https://openalex.org/I4210121781"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Nofima Marin", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210121781"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011396087", "display_name": "Mar\u00eda Teresa Spedicato", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9939-9426"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210099299", "display_name": "Tecnologia e Ricerca Italiana (Italy)", "ror": "https://ror.org/016s9js25", "country_code": "IT", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210099299"]}], "countries": ["IT"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Maria T. Spedicato", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca, via dei Trulli, 18-20, 70126, Bari, Italy", "COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca, via dei Trulli, 18-20, 70126, Bari, Italy", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210099299"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5074671712", "display_name": "Walter Zupa", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2058-8652"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210099299", "display_name": "Tecnologia e Ricerca Italiana (Italy)", "ror": "https://ror.org/016s9js25", "country_code": "IT", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210099299"]}], "countries": ["IT"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Walter Zupa", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca, via dei Trulli, 18-20, 70126, Bari, Italy", "COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca, via dei Trulli, 18-20, 70126, Bari, Italy", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210099299"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5034496426", "display_name": "Marilyn Beauchaud", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-2485"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I86767153", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet", "ror": "https://ror.org/04yznqr36", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I86767153"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Marilyn Beauchaud", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratoire Ecologie et Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielles (EA3988), Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet, 23 rue Dr Paul Michelon, 42023, Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France", "Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet#TAB#"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire Ecologie et Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielles (EA3988), Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet, 23 rue Dr Paul Michelon, 42023, Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I86767153"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet#TAB#", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I86767153"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084523030", "display_name": "Ewa Kulczykowska", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3979-9310"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210142198", "display_name": "Instytut Oceanologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk", "ror": "https://ror.org/03mp6cc45", "country_code": "PL", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210142198", "https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I99542240", "display_name": "Polish Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/01dr6c206", "country_code": "PL", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}], "countries": ["PL"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ewa Kulczykowska", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712, Sopot, Poland", ", Polish Academy of Sciences"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712, Sopot, Poland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210142198", "https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": ", Polish Academy of Sciences", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5043842822", "display_name": "Jean\u2010Charles Massabuau", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1302-1719"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I15057530", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux", "ror": "https://ror.org/057qpr032", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I15057530"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210099840", "display_name": "Environnements et Pal\u00e9oenvironnements Oc\u00e9aniques et Continentaux", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tsa0x55", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I15057530", "https://openalex.org/I15057530", "https://openalex.org/I4210088668", "https://openalex.org/I4210099840", "https://openalex.org/I4210134592", "https://openalex.org/I4210148025", "https://openalex.org/I4210160189", "https://openalex.org/I78744979"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jean-Charles Massabuau", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Station Marine, Universit\u00e9 Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France", "CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Station Marine, Universit\u00e9 Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I15057530", "https://openalex.org/I4210099840"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I4210099840"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084871130", "display_name": "Toby Carter", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I51216347", "display_name": "Anglia Ruskin University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0009t4v78", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I51216347"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Toby Carter", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK", "Anglia Ruskin University"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I51216347"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Anglia Ruskin University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I51216347"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5051783131", "display_name": "Sonia Rey", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3406-3291"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I123044942", "display_name": "Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona", "ror": "https://ror.org/052g8jq94", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}], "countries": ["ES"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "S\u00f2nia Rey Planellas", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e9s, Barcelona, Spain", "Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e9s, Barcelona, Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056171957", "display_name": "Tore Kristiansen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5904-0224"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802153510", "display_name": "Norwegian Institute of Marine Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/05vg74d16", "country_code": "NO", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802153510", "https://openalex.org/I4210116418", "https://openalex.org/I4210149801"]}], "countries": ["NO"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tore Kristiansen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, 5817, Bergen, Norway", "Institute of Marine Research"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, 5817, Bergen, Norway", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802153510"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Marine Research", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802153510"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 8, "institutions_distinct_count": 15, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5107467189"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I71503853", "https://openalex.org/I913481162"], "apc_list": {"value": 2590, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 2590}, "apc_paid": {"value": 2590, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 2590}, "fwci": 10.1584, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 466, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.9925469, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "38", "issue": "1", "first_page": "17", "last_page": "41"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10838", "display_name": "Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3404", "display_name": "Small Animals"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/34", "display_name": "Veterinary"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10838", "display_name": "Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3404", "display_name": "Small Animals"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/34", "display_name": "Veterinary"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10174", "display_name": "Animal Behavior and Reproduction", "score": 0.9976000189781189, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1105", "display_name": "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10506", "display_name": "Aquaculture disease management and microbiota", "score": 0.995199978351593, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2403", "display_name": "Immunology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/24", "display_name": "Immunology and Microbiology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare", "display_name": "Welfare", "score": 0.7231687903404236}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/stressor", "display_name": "Stressor", "score": 0.6009140014648438}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-welfare", "display_name": "Animal welfare", "score": 0.571009635925293}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sentience", "display_name": "Sentience", "score": 0.5448181629180908}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/aggression", "display_name": "Aggression", "score": 0.5121457576751709}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling", "display_name": "Feeling", "score": 0.506780207157135}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.47618213295936584}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/coping", "display_name": "Coping (psychology)", "score": 0.45846426486968994}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/foraging", "display_name": "Foraging", "score": 0.4482109248638153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.44780927896499634}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.40850141644477844}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology", "display_name": "Ecology", "score": 0.3622720241546631}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology", "display_name": "Social psychology", "score": 0.35243552923202515}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery", "display_name": "Fishery", "score": 0.19851186871528625}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/economics", "display_name": "Economics", "score": 0.1636507511138916}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology", "display_name": "Clinical psychology", "score": 0.12181484699249268}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-ethics", "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "score": 0.09845727682113647}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092", "display_name": "Welfare", "level": 2, "score": 0.7231687903404236}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C125370674", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527480", "display_name": "Stressor", "level": 2, "score": 0.6009140014648438}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C523966790", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459426", "display_name": "Animal welfare", "level": 2, "score": 0.571009635925293}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780865100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488994", "display_name": "Sentience", "level": 2, "score": 0.5448181629180908}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779448149", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191797", "display_name": "Aggression", "level": 2, "score": 0.5121457576751709}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C122980154", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555", "display_name": "Feeling", "level": 2, "score": 0.506780207157135}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.47618213295936584}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C73282008", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759895", "display_name": "Coping (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.45846426486968994}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C165287380", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916569", "display_name": "Foraging", "level": 2, "score": 0.4482109248638153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.44780927896499634}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.40850141644477844}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3622720241546631}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.35243552923202515}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.19851186871528625}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.1636507511138916}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70410870", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906", "display_name": "Clinical psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.12181484699249268}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686", "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "level": 1, "score": 0.09845727682113647}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522", "display_name": "Market economy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000827", "descriptor_name": "Animal Welfare", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000827", "descriptor_name": "Animal Welfare", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000827", "descriptor_name": "Animal Welfare", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001522", "descriptor_name": "Behavior, Animal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001522", "descriptor_name": "Behavior, Animal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001522", "descriptor_name": "Behavior, Animal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005398", "descriptor_name": "Fisheries", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005398", "descriptor_name": "Fisheries", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005398", "descriptor_name": "Fisheries", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005399", "descriptor_name": "Fishes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005399", "descriptor_name": "Fishes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005399", "descriptor_name": "Fishes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 8, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1007/s10695-011-9518-8", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-011-9518-8", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10695-011-9518-8.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S188633547", "display_name": "Fish Physiology and Biochemistry", "issn_l": "0920-1742", "issn": ["0920-1742", "1573-5168"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Fish Physiology and Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:21796377", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21796377", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Fish physiology and biochemistry", "raw_type": "Journal Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/434510", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/behavioural-indicators-of-welfare-in-farmed-fish", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210201231", "display_name": "Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling", "issn_l": "2663-3027", "issn": ["2663-3027"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "acceptedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "ISSN: 0920-1742", "raw_type": "Article/Letter to editor"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3276765", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3276765", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Fish Physiol Biochem", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.793.4992", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.793.4992", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/cb/11/10695_2011_Article_9518.PMC3276765.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:HAL:hal-00722106v1", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://hal.science/hal-00722106", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402512", "display_name": "HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "host_organization_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2012, 38 (1), pp.17-41. &#x27E8;10.1007/s10695-011-9518-8&#x27E9;", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:repositorio.ispa.pt:10400.12/1832", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1832", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402433", "display_name": "Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "journal article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:sapientia.ualg.pt:10400.1/11289", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/11289", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402433", "display_name": "Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "journal article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/s10695-011-9518-8", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-011-9518-8", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10695-011-9518-8.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S188633547", "display_name": "Fish Physiology and Biochemistry", "issn_l": "0920-1742", "issn": ["0920-1742", "1573-5168"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Fish Physiology and Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1968467263.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1968467263.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 224, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W13876223", "https://openalex.org/W48080300", "https://openalex.org/W50162588", "https://openalex.org/W90167004", "https://openalex.org/W110849167", "https://openalex.org/W171891756", "https://openalex.org/W178889879", "https://openalex.org/W197132622", "https://openalex.org/W243203155", "https://openalex.org/W603210761", "https://openalex.org/W622989745", "https://openalex.org/W653834647", "https://openalex.org/W918846196", "https://openalex.org/W1505022644", "https://openalex.org/W1505748877", "https://openalex.org/W1566402473", "https://openalex.org/W1580235415", "https://openalex.org/W1582981815", "https://openalex.org/W1588323425", "https://openalex.org/W1593577418", "https://openalex.org/W1673483003", "https://openalex.org/W1740137855", "https://openalex.org/W1770361369", "https://openalex.org/W1911474313", "https://openalex.org/W1925505063", "https://openalex.org/W1929835486", "https://openalex.org/W1964897948", "https://openalex.org/W1966036781", "https://openalex.org/W1967714442", "https://openalex.org/W1967755127", "https://openalex.org/W1971788485", "https://openalex.org/W1971793821", "https://openalex.org/W1972469808", "https://openalex.org/W1974594157", "https://openalex.org/W1975165133", "https://openalex.org/W1975168714", "https://openalex.org/W1977413543", "https://openalex.org/W1978099318", "https://openalex.org/W1981588698", "https://openalex.org/W1984164214", "https://openalex.org/W1984996302", "https://openalex.org/W1985158701", "https://openalex.org/W1985486195", "https://openalex.org/W1986790562", "https://openalex.org/W1986942673", "https://openalex.org/W1988010117", "https://openalex.org/W1990347840", "https://openalex.org/W1991430962", "https://openalex.org/W1991913669", "https://openalex.org/W1993372607", "https://openalex.org/W1994055552", "https://openalex.org/W1996273443", "https://openalex.org/W1998605868", "https://openalex.org/W1998862064", "https://openalex.org/W1999693849", "https://openalex.org/W1999786871", "https://openalex.org/W2000648385", "https://openalex.org/W2001563820", "https://openalex.org/W2002209047", "https://openalex.org/W2002362943", "https://openalex.org/W2003040381", "https://openalex.org/W2003143956", "https://openalex.org/W2004604492", "https://openalex.org/W2004835166", "https://openalex.org/W2005490081", "https://openalex.org/W2005678781", "https://openalex.org/W2006307995", "https://openalex.org/W2007911946", "https://openalex.org/W2008311906", "https://openalex.org/W2008812549", "https://openalex.org/W2012478953", "https://openalex.org/W2014343648", "https://openalex.org/W2014749760", "https://openalex.org/W2015175478", "https://openalex.org/W2015618232", "https://openalex.org/W2019779062", "https://openalex.org/W2020447063", "https://openalex.org/W2020474981", "https://openalex.org/W2023094376", "https://openalex.org/W2023978304", "https://openalex.org/W2024215688", "https://openalex.org/W2024403168", "https://openalex.org/W2024469872", "https://openalex.org/W2024632204", "https://openalex.org/W2025237078", "https://openalex.org/W2026595151", "https://openalex.org/W2027344863", "https://openalex.org/W2028169778", "https://openalex.org/W2029692042", "https://openalex.org/W2031639554", "https://openalex.org/W2031866219", "https://openalex.org/W2032823378", "https://openalex.org/W2033271338", "https://openalex.org/W2033630018", "https://openalex.org/W2034843712", "https://openalex.org/W2036221679", "https://openalex.org/W2037805107", "https://openalex.org/W2040529867", "https://openalex.org/W2043218081", "https://openalex.org/W2043329369", "https://openalex.org/W2045157999", "https://openalex.org/W2049034500", "https://openalex.org/W2049073600", "https://openalex.org/W2049305773", "https://openalex.org/W2050686260", "https://openalex.org/W2050855877", "https://openalex.org/W2051771797", "https://openalex.org/W2051784820", "https://openalex.org/W2052307069", "https://openalex.org/W2053070950", "https://openalex.org/W2053211579", "https://openalex.org/W2053379650", "https://openalex.org/W2054322833", "https://openalex.org/W2054467916", "https://openalex.org/W2054979839", "https://openalex.org/W2056998904", "https://openalex.org/W2057209725", "https://openalex.org/W2057408051", "https://openalex.org/W2058225085", "https://openalex.org/W2062345309", "https://openalex.org/W2062465195", "https://openalex.org/W2062896574", "https://openalex.org/W2062972752", "https://openalex.org/W2064032470", "https://openalex.org/W2065405268", "https://openalex.org/W2065649976", "https://openalex.org/W2065987641", "https://openalex.org/W2069106861", "https://openalex.org/W2070342927", "https://openalex.org/W2070636161", "https://openalex.org/W2072616370", "https://openalex.org/W2073242833", "https://openalex.org/W2074564714", "https://openalex.org/W2076293829", "https://openalex.org/W2076383860", "https://openalex.org/W2076784834", "https://openalex.org/W2076999566", "https://openalex.org/W2077465144", "https://openalex.org/W2078012314", "https://openalex.org/W2079184638", "https://openalex.org/W2079808596", "https://openalex.org/W2085167665", "https://openalex.org/W2085734310", "https://openalex.org/W2086478008", "https://openalex.org/W2086509925", "https://openalex.org/W2087942585", "https://openalex.org/W2089826708", "https://openalex.org/W2090134411", "https://openalex.org/W2092795791", "https://openalex.org/W2094196496", "https://openalex.org/W2096436879", "https://openalex.org/W2096970549", "https://openalex.org/W2098424231", "https://openalex.org/W2101642456", "https://openalex.org/W2107439984", "https://openalex.org/W2107778012", "https://openalex.org/W2108222826", "https://openalex.org/W2108985375", "https://openalex.org/W2111025075", "https://openalex.org/W2112399371", "https://openalex.org/W2116288207", "https://openalex.org/W2116501371", "https://openalex.org/W2116707460", "https://openalex.org/W2117104235", "https://openalex.org/W2117279095", "https://openalex.org/W2117556137", "https://openalex.org/W2118865437", "https://openalex.org/W2118937237", "https://openalex.org/W2121398117", "https://openalex.org/W2123413220", "https://openalex.org/W2125026844", "https://openalex.org/W2126320339", "https://openalex.org/W2127957686", "https://openalex.org/W2131747318", "https://openalex.org/W2133737038", "https://openalex.org/W2134547136", "https://openalex.org/W2135789500", "https://openalex.org/W2136061619", "https://openalex.org/W2136315424", "https://openalex.org/W2142752577", "https://openalex.org/W2143334849", "https://openalex.org/W2143734867", "https://openalex.org/W2144401070", "https://openalex.org/W2144601324", "https://openalex.org/W2145121332", "https://openalex.org/W2147688343", "https://openalex.org/W2148137175", "https://openalex.org/W2150542895", "https://openalex.org/W2151495904", "https://openalex.org/W2152283209", "https://openalex.org/W2153765072", "https://openalex.org/W2154995504", "https://openalex.org/W2156736899", "https://openalex.org/W2159056311", "https://openalex.org/W2159225255", "https://openalex.org/W2159853609", "https://openalex.org/W2160186260", "https://openalex.org/W2161436267", "https://openalex.org/W2162026034", "https://openalex.org/W2162329608", "https://openalex.org/W2166269142", "https://openalex.org/W2166300326", "https://openalex.org/W2167342052", "https://openalex.org/W2169894579", "https://openalex.org/W2172056262", "https://openalex.org/W2172285500", "https://openalex.org/W2239625680", "https://openalex.org/W2413652174", "https://openalex.org/W2465565650", "https://openalex.org/W2478667521", "https://openalex.org/W2490249308", "https://openalex.org/W2576004467", "https://openalex.org/W2739207040", "https://openalex.org/W3047518742", "https://openalex.org/W4211234104", "https://openalex.org/W4230425333", "https://openalex.org/W4231211890", "https://openalex.org/W4234292078", "https://openalex.org/W4247615788", "https://openalex.org/W4252657856", "https://openalex.org/W4296746902", "https://openalex.org/W4300341378", "https://openalex.org/W4301353313", "https://openalex.org/W4388386903"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3205425135", "https://openalex.org/W4285165388", "https://openalex.org/W4285061415", "https://openalex.org/W4315698253", "https://openalex.org/W3157077961", "https://openalex.org/W2954444523", "https://openalex.org/W108462188", "https://openalex.org/W2314919219", "https://openalex.org/W4384944644", "https://openalex.org/W2883970945"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Behaviour": [0], "represents": [1], "a": [2, 14, 226, 236, 296], "reaction": [3], "to": [4, 33, 98, 137, 146, 180, 191, 218, 245, 257, 300], "the": [5, 23, 83, 111, 117, 123, 138, 173, 182, 198, 221, 232, 243, 261, 266, 269, 276, 285, 292, 302], "environment": [6], "as": [7, 76, 101, 165], "fish": [8, 18, 174], "perceive": [9], "it": [10], "and": [11, 42, 53, 58, 66, 71, 92, 106, 132, 208, 238, 282], "is": [12, 177, 210], "therefore": [13, 73, 178], "key": [15], "element": [16], "of": [17, 79, 86, 103, 113, 119, 129, 140, 156, 223, 235, 268, 279, 288, 304], "welfare.": [19, 81, 149, 192], "This": [20, 241], "review": [21], "summarises": [22], "main": [24], "findings": [25], "on": [26, 172], "how": [27], "behavioural": [28, 154, 160, 249], "changes": [29, 161], "have": [30, 61], "been": [31, 62], "used": [32, 256], "assess": [34, 258, 301], "welfare": [35, 107, 157, 170, 224, 234, 250, 263, 267, 303], "in": [36, 46, 69, 108, 121, 189, 225, 291], "farmed": [37, 305], "fish,": [38, 122], "using": [39], "both": [40, 130], "functional": [41], "feeling-based": [43], "approaches.": [44], "Changes": [45], "foraging": [47], "behaviour,": [48, 56, 88], "ventilatory": [49], "activity,": [50], "aggression,": [51], "individual": [52, 262], "group": [54, 237, 271], "swimming": [55], "stereotypic": [57], "abnormal": [59], "behaviour": [60, 95, 289], "linked": [63], "with": [64], "acute": [65], "chronic": [67], "stressors": [68], "aquaculture": [70], "can": [72, 162, 253], "be": [74, 99, 163, 216, 254], "regarded": [75], "likely": [77], "indicators": [78, 102, 155, 251], "poor": [80, 169], "On": [82], "contrary,": [84], "measurements": [85], "exploratory": [87], "feed": [89], "anticipatory": [90], "activity": [91], "reward-related": [93], "operant": [94], "are": [96, 127], "beginning": [97], "considered": [100], "positive": [104, 131], "emotions": [105, 134], "fish.": [109, 306], "Despite": [110], "lack": [112], "scientific": [114], "agreement": [115], "about": [116], "existence": [118], "sentience": [120], "possibility": [124], "that": [125, 152, 159, 252], "they": [126], "capable": [128], "negative": [133], "may": [135, 201, 215, 229, 290], "contribute": [136], "development": [139, 278], "new": [141], "strategies": [142, 205], "(e.g.": [143, 272], "environmental": [144], "enrichment)": [145], "promote": [147], "good": [148, 167], "Numerous": [150], "studies": [151], "use": [153], "show": [158], "interpreted": [164], "either": [166], "or": [168], "depending": [171], "species.": [175], "It": [176], "essential": [179], "understand": [181], "species-specific": [183], "biology": [184], "before": [185], "drawing": [186], "any": [187], "conclusions": [188], "relation": [190], "In": [193], "addition,": [194], "different": [195], "individuals": [196, 214, 228], "within": [197], "same": [199], "species": [200], "exhibit": [202], "divergent": [203], "coping": [204], "towards": [206], "stressors,": [207], "what": [209], "tolerated": [211], "by": [212], "some": [213], "detrimental": [217], "others.": [219], "Therefore,": [220], "assessment": [222], "few": [227], "not": [230, 259], "represent": [231, 295], "average": [233], "vice": [239], "versa.": [240], "underlines": [242], "need": [244], "develop": [246], "on-farm,": [247], "operational": [248], "easily": [255], "only": [260], "but": [264], "also": [265], "whole": [270], "spatial": [273], "distribution).": [274], "With": [275], "ongoing": [277], "video": [280], "technology": [281], "image": [283], "processing,": [284], "on-farm": [286], "surveillance": [287], "near": [293], "future": [294], "low-cost,": [297], "noninvasive": [298], "tool": [299]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 46}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 52}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 57}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 41}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 40}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 54}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 41}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 25}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 25}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 26}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 8}], "updated_date": "2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2199601787", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1038", "title": "Why fish pain cannot and should not be ruled out", "display_name": "Why fish pain cannot and should not be ruled out", "relevance_score": 217.02536, "publication_year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2199601787", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1038", "mag": "2199601787"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1038", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1038", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "diamond", "oa_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=animsent", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084274787", "display_name": "Anil K. Seth", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1421-6051"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I162608824", "display_name": "University of Sussex", "ror": "https://ror.org/00ayhx656", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Anil K. Seth", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Sussex", "Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience and Co-Director of the Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science at the University of Sussex. www.anilseth.com", "School of Engineering and Informatics"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Sussex", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience and Co-Director of the Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science at the University of Sussex. www.anilseth.com", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Engineering and Informatics", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5084274787"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I162608824"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 4.2083, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 49, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.93849332, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 88, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "1", "issue": "3", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10971", "display_name": "Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "score": 0.9758999943733215, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2809", "display_name": "Sensory Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10971", "display_name": "Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "score": 0.9758999943733215, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2809", "display_name": "Sensory Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11667", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies", "score": 0.9589999914169312, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10581", "display_name": "Neural dynamics and brain function", "score": 0.9465000033378601, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2805", "display_name": "Cognitive Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/consciousness", "display_name": "Consciousness", "score": 0.6886017322540283}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.6859358549118042}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.5518985390663147}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/key", "display_name": "Key (lock)", "score": 0.4241604208946228}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "score": 0.33694037795066833}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science", "display_name": "Cognitive science", "score": 0.33031022548675537}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "score": 0.2329414188861847}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.2044791877269745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery", "display_name": "Fishery", "score": 0.09144648909568787}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.08980810642242432}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security", "display_name": "Computer security", "score": 0.06708148121833801}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C186720457", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087", "display_name": "Consciousness", "level": 2, "score": 0.6886017322540283}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.6859358549118042}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.5518985390663147}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26517878", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039", "display_name": "Key (lock)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4241604208946228}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.33694037795066833}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188147891", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638", "display_name": "Cognitive science", "level": 1, "score": 0.33031022548675537}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.2329414188861847}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.2044791877269745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.09144648909568787}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.08980810642242432}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521", "display_name": "Computer security", "level": 1, "score": 0.06708148121833801}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1038", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1038", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:animalstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1038", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/14", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:befef167f3eb4fb1bfa6bbbd38897c91", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/befef167f3eb4fb1bfa6bbbd38897c91", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience, Vol 1, Iss 3 (2016)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23434466", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Why_fish_pain_cannot_and_should_not_be_ruled_out/23434466", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196282", "display_name": "Figshare", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4210132348", "host_organization_name": "Figshare (United Kingdom)", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1038", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/14", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1038", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1038", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14", "display_name": "Life below water", "score": 0.6499999761581421}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2199601787.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2199601787.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 29, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W166889909", "https://openalex.org/W1968936335", "https://openalex.org/W1973639673", "https://openalex.org/W1993665893", "https://openalex.org/W1996131564", "https://openalex.org/W2010603971", "https://openalex.org/W2015137582", "https://openalex.org/W2015303758", "https://openalex.org/W2016085611", "https://openalex.org/W2017043944", "https://openalex.org/W2022333848", "https://openalex.org/W2035638914", "https://openalex.org/W2043194298", "https://openalex.org/W2050821913", "https://openalex.org/W2052685640", "https://openalex.org/W2054008031", "https://openalex.org/W2080624414", "https://openalex.org/W2096629297", "https://openalex.org/W2142452004", "https://openalex.org/W2152497784", "https://openalex.org/W2158935941", "https://openalex.org/W2170232314", "https://openalex.org/W2191626018", "https://openalex.org/W2226140637", "https://openalex.org/W6606799717", "https://openalex.org/W6642375623", "https://openalex.org/W6663824184", "https://openalex.org/W6681009850", "https://openalex.org/W6687464154"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2186035063", "https://openalex.org/W1503217837", "https://openalex.org/W21463351", "https://openalex.org/W2113773025", "https://openalex.org/W2107224662", "https://openalex.org/W2526467952", "https://openalex.org/W2245467156", "https://openalex.org/W2142680372", "https://openalex.org/W4200556610", "https://openalex.org/W3170143724"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Do": [0], "fish": [1, 61], "consciously": [2], "feel": [3, 63, 68], "pain?": [4], "Addressing": [5], "this": [6], "question,": [7], "Key": [8], "(2016)": [9], "asks": [10], "whether": [11], "the": [12, 71, 81, 86], "neural": [13], "mechanisms": [14], "underlying": [15], "conscious": [16], "pain": [17, 75], "reports": [18], "in": [19, 24, 29], "humans": [20], "can": [21, 62, 67], "be": [22], "identified": [23], "fish.": [25], "This": [26], "strategy": [27], "fails": [28], "three": [30], "ways.": [31], "First,": [32], "non-mammalian": [33], "consciousness": [34], "\u2014": [35, 39], "if": [36, 60], "it": [37], "exists": [38], "may": [40], "depend": [41], "on": [42], "different": [43], "mechanisms.": [44], "Second,": [45], "accumulating": [46], "neurophysiological": [47], "and": [48, 53, 76], "behavioural": [49], "evidence,": [50], "evolutionary": [51], "considerations,": [52], "emerging": [54], "Bayesian": [55], "brain": [56], "theories": [57], "suggest": [58], "that": [59], "at": [64], "all,": [65], "they": [66], "pain.": [69], "Finally,": [70], "qualitative": [72], "nature": [73], "of": [74, 88], "suffering": [77], "obliges": [78], "us,": [79], "via": [80], "precautionary": [82], "principle,": [83], "to": [84], "accommodate": [85], "possibility": [87], "its": [89], "existence": [90], "where": [91], "doubt": [92], "remains.": [93]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 4}], "updated_date": "2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2832937512", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-018-1133-4", "title": "Fish and microchips: on fish pain and multiple realization", "display_name": "Fish and microchips: on fish pain and multiple realization", "relevance_score": 194.84604, "publication_year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-07-05", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2832937512", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-018-1133-4", "mag": "2832937512"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/s11098-018-1133-4", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-018-1133-4", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S147022693", "display_name": "Philosophical Studies", "issn_l": "0031-8116", "issn": ["0031-8116", "1573-0883"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Philosophical Studies", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://philpapers.org/archive/MICFAM-3.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5052506483", "display_name": "Matthias Michel", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-5702"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I182627622", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Nouvelle", "ror": "https://ror.org/03z6jp965", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I182627622"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Matthias Michel", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Sciences, Normes et D\u00e9cisions, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sorbonne, Paris, France", "Sciences, Normes et D\u00e9cisions, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sorbonne, 1 Rue Victor Cousin, 75005, Paris, France"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-5702", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Sciences, Normes et D\u00e9cisions, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sorbonne, Paris, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I182627622"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Sciences, Normes et D\u00e9cisions, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sorbonne, 1 Rue Victor Cousin, 75005, Paris, France", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5052506483"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I182627622"], "apc_list": {"value": 3190, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3190}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1.1173, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 50, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.71635012, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": false}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 94, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "176", "issue": "9", "first_page": "2411", "last_page": "2428"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10971", "display_name": "Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "score": 0.9868000149726868, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2809", "display_name": "Sensory Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10971", "display_name": "Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "score": 0.9868000149726868, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2809", "display_name": "Sensory Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12520", "display_name": "Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment", "score": 0.9779999852180481, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2805", "display_name": "Cognitive Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10258", "display_name": "Philosophy and Theoretical Science", "score": 0.9725000262260437, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3205", "display_name": "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/argument", "display_name": "Argument (complex analysis)", "score": 0.8356913328170776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling", "display_name": "Feeling", "score": 0.7121107578277588}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/realization", "display_name": "Realization (probability)", "score": 0.6823951601982117}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.6789527535438538}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/realizability", "display_name": "Realizability", "score": 0.6640455722808838}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/consciousness", "display_name": "Consciousness", "score": 0.6596959829330444}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-mind", "display_name": "Philosophy of mind", "score": 0.5484146475791931}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.43963199853897095}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neocortex", "display_name": "Neocortex", "score": 0.4382033348083496}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.4012411832809448}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.305340975522995}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphysics", "display_name": "Metaphysics", "score": 0.29781287908554077}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.2476370632648468}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology", "display_name": "Social psychology", "score": 0.23054906725883484}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.22462034225463867}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "score": 0.2059270739555359}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.11648967862129211}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.10757765173912048}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery", "display_name": "Fishery", "score": 0.09353703260421753}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.08236134052276611}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C98184364", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131", "display_name": "Argument (complex analysis)", "level": 2, "score": 0.8356913328170776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C122980154", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555", "display_name": "Feeling", "level": 2, "score": 0.7121107578277588}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781089630", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745", "display_name": "Realization (probability)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6823951601982117}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.6789527535438538}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776378722", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454417", "display_name": "Realizability", "level": 2, "score": 0.6640455722808838}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C186720457", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087", "display_name": "Consciousness", "level": 2, "score": 0.6596959829330444}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C24726157", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23407", "display_name": "Philosophy of mind", "level": 3, "score": 0.5484146475791931}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.43963199853897095}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777222312", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726562", "display_name": "Neocortex", "level": 2, "score": 0.4382033348083496}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4012411832809448}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.305340975522995}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C182744844", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35277", "display_name": "Metaphysics", "level": 2, "score": 0.29781287908554077}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.2476370632648468}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.23054906725883484}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.22462034225463867}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.2059270739555359}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.11648967862129211}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.10757765173912048}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.09353703260421753}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.08236134052276611}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 6, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1007/s11098-018-1133-4", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-018-1133-4", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S147022693", "display_name": "Philosophical Studies", "issn_l": "0031-8116", "issn": ["0031-8116", "1573-0883"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Philosophical Studies", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/MICFAM-3", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://philpapers.org/rec/MICFAM-3", "pdf_url": "https://philpapers.org/archive/MICFAM-3.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402130", "display_name": "PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:HAL:halshs-03937389v1", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03937389", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402512", "display_name": "HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "host_organization_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "2018", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/MICFAM-2", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://philarchive.org/rec/MICFAM-2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402130", "display_name": "PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/MICFAM-3", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://philarchive.org/rec/MICFAM-3", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402130", "display_name": "PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/MICFAM-2", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://philpapers.org/rec/MICFAM-2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402130", "display_name": "PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/MICFAM-3", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://philpapers.org/rec/MICFAM-3", "pdf_url": "https://philpapers.org/archive/MICFAM-3.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402130", "display_name": "PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2832937512.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2832937512.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 125, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W6002633", "https://openalex.org/W6059654", "https://openalex.org/W63161240", "https://openalex.org/W154246403", "https://openalex.org/W211290616", "https://openalex.org/W217379156", "https://openalex.org/W386146546", "https://openalex.org/W588147092", "https://openalex.org/W609670460", "https://openalex.org/W1184428069", "https://openalex.org/W1472838430", "https://openalex.org/W1494914454", "https://openalex.org/W1506409150", "https://openalex.org/W1548912413", "https://openalex.org/W1578507364", "https://openalex.org/W1578752807", "https://openalex.org/W1585639896", "https://openalex.org/W1593075131", "https://openalex.org/W1862939550", "https://openalex.org/W1966913827", "https://openalex.org/W1970724854", "https://openalex.org/W1971118367", "https://openalex.org/W1974515286", "https://openalex.org/W1976682694", "https://openalex.org/W1986659580", "https://openalex.org/W1987815903", "https://openalex.org/W1988507408", "https://openalex.org/W1998139571", "https://openalex.org/W1998713559", "https://openalex.org/W2005268935", "https://openalex.org/W2007257764", "https://openalex.org/W2008251034", "https://openalex.org/W2009750474", "https://openalex.org/W2015960241", "https://openalex.org/W2017221863", "https://openalex.org/W2020103630", "https://openalex.org/W2022333848", "https://openalex.org/W2026962886", "https://openalex.org/W2027929700", "https://openalex.org/W2028154647", "https://openalex.org/W2028599038", "https://openalex.org/W2029837934", "https://openalex.org/W2033271338", "https://openalex.org/W2034489917", "https://openalex.org/W2038703593", "https://openalex.org/W2042281024", "https://openalex.org/W2042634021", "https://openalex.org/W2044644111", "https://openalex.org/W2049220046", "https://openalex.org/W2051771797", "https://openalex.org/W2056245235", "https://openalex.org/W2057683160", "https://openalex.org/W2066612443", "https://openalex.org/W2068906079", "https://openalex.org/W2071626014", "https://openalex.org/W2071671913", "https://openalex.org/W2071978760", "https://openalex.org/W2072267104", "https://openalex.org/W2075369132", "https://openalex.org/W2095596789", "https://openalex.org/W2102887737", "https://openalex.org/W2108845151", "https://openalex.org/W2126758870", "https://openalex.org/W2130334359", "https://openalex.org/W2130494624", "https://openalex.org/W2131635822", "https://openalex.org/W2137137158", "https://openalex.org/W2141300182", "https://openalex.org/W2142345378", "https://openalex.org/W2142369829", "https://openalex.org/W2142452004", "https://openalex.org/W2147199771", "https://openalex.org/W2153834335", "https://openalex.org/W2154500807", "https://openalex.org/W2159478088", "https://openalex.org/W2162876485", "https://openalex.org/W2164446969", "https://openalex.org/W2166891515", "https://openalex.org/W2179752489", "https://openalex.org/W2190733941", "https://openalex.org/W2191177928", "https://openalex.org/W2191285120", "https://openalex.org/W2191626018", "https://openalex.org/W2194573230", "https://openalex.org/W2195038580", "https://openalex.org/W2199601787", "https://openalex.org/W2208905332", "https://openalex.org/W2220021586", "https://openalex.org/W2274279958", "https://openalex.org/W2277679676", "https://openalex.org/W2342226325", "https://openalex.org/W2474458964", "https://openalex.org/W2482117946", "https://openalex.org/W2546408443", "https://openalex.org/W2553446892", "https://openalex.org/W2588736771", "https://openalex.org/W2598068948", "https://openalex.org/W2738232746", "https://openalex.org/W2762413840", "https://openalex.org/W2908319500", "https://openalex.org/W2980910950", "https://openalex.org/W2991748142", "https://openalex.org/W3198045208", "https://openalex.org/W3204158394", "https://openalex.org/W4205543764", "https://openalex.org/W4212796044", "https://openalex.org/W4237873337", "https://openalex.org/W4244147241", "https://openalex.org/W4255347424", "https://openalex.org/W4283834748", "https://openalex.org/W4298161877", "https://openalex.org/W4388319527", "https://openalex.org/W6600240858", "https://openalex.org/W6600256103", "https://openalex.org/W6629685823", "https://openalex.org/W6647005553", "https://openalex.org/W6683021757", "https://openalex.org/W6683472420", "https://openalex.org/W6687183804", "https://openalex.org/W6687464154", "https://openalex.org/W6687480375", "https://openalex.org/W6687533522", "https://openalex.org/W6688113927", "https://openalex.org/W6740999854", "https://openalex.org/W7024300356"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1603488308", "https://openalex.org/W4310571718", "https://openalex.org/W1976698932", "https://openalex.org/W4298120007", "https://openalex.org/W2136737082", "https://openalex.org/W1492225438", "https://openalex.org/W3173554384", "https://openalex.org/W2059218582", "https://openalex.org/W2034006307", "https://openalex.org/W1605230792"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 19}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2}], "updated_date": "2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2317836120", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5130/csr.v22i1.4363", "title": "Do Fish Resist?", "display_name": "Do Fish Resist?", "relevance_score": 185.41605, "publication_year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-04-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2317836120", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5130/csr.v22i1.4363", "mag": "2317836120"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5130/csr.v22i1.4363", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5130/csr.v22i1.4363", "pdf_url": "https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/csrj/article/download/4363/5367", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210214731", "display_name": "Cultural Studies Review", "issn_l": "1446-8123", "issn": ["1446-8123", "1837-8692"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310317938", "host_organization_name": "UTS ePRESS", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310317938"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["UTS ePRESS"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Cultural Studies Review", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "diamond", "oa_url": "https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/csrj/article/download/4363/5367", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041214412", "display_name": "Dinesh Joseph Wadiwel", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-1975"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I129604602", "display_name": "The University of Sydney", "ror": "https://ror.org/0384j8v12", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Dinesh Joseph Wadiwel", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Sydney"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Sydney", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5041214412"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I129604602"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 2.289, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 54, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.86847276, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": false}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "22", "issue": "1", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10341", "display_name": "Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies", "score": 0.842199981212616, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303", "display_name": "Ecology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10341", "display_name": "Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies", "score": 0.842199981212616, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303", "display_name": "Ecology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10230", "display_name": "Marine and fisheries research", "score": 0.7459999918937683, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306", "display_name": "Global and Planetary Change"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10659", "display_name": "Marine animal studies overview", "score": 0.7368000149726868, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303", "display_name": "Ecology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fishing", "display_name": "Fishing", "score": 0.7128785252571106}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.6442539691925049}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance", "display_name": "Resistance (ecology)", "score": 0.6187021136283875}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-welfare", "display_name": "Animal welfare", "score": 0.468264639377594}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare", "display_name": "Welfare", "score": 0.44344812631607056}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-ethics", "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "score": 0.4258575141429901}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery", "display_name": "Fishery", "score": 0.3759639859199524}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.33831578493118286}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.20649951696395874}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology", "display_name": "Ecology", "score": 0.19808414578437805}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/law", "display_name": "Law", "score": 0.17580723762512207}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.1394311487674713}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.09547680616378784}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C514101110", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14373", "display_name": "Fishing", "level": 2, "score": 0.7128785252571106}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.6442539691925049}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C57473165", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604", "display_name": "Resistance (ecology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6187021136283875}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C523966790", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459426", "display_name": "Animal welfare", "level": 2, "score": 0.468264639377594}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092", "display_name": "Welfare", "level": 2, "score": 0.44344812631607056}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686", "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4258575141429901}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.3759639859199524}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.33831578493118286}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.20649951696395874}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.19808414578437805}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.17580723762512207}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.1394311487674713}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.09547680616378784}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.5130/csr.v22i1.4363", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5130/csr.v22i1.4363", "pdf_url": "https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/csrj/article/download/4363/5367", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210214731", "display_name": "Cultural Studies Review", "issn_l": "1446-8123", "issn": ["1446-8123", "1837-8692"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310317938", "host_organization_name": "UTS ePRESS", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310317938"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["UTS ePRESS"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Cultural Studies Review", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:ojs.epress.lib.uts.edu.au:article/4363", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/csrj/article/view/4363", "pdf_url": "http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/csrj/article/view/4363", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400467", "display_name": "Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal (University of Technology Sydney)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I114017466", "host_organization_name": "University of Technology Sydney", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114017466"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Cultural Studies Review; Vol 22, No 1 (2016): Fashioning; 196\u00e2\u0080\u0093242", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:epress.lib.uts.edu.au:article/4363", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/csrj/article/view/4363", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400467", "display_name": "Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal (University of Technology Sydney)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I114017466", "host_organization_name": "University of Technology Sydney", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114017466"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Cultural Studies Review; Vol 22 No 1 (2016): Fashioning; 196\u2013242", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.5130/csr.v22i1.4363", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5130/csr.v22i1.4363", "pdf_url": "https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/csrj/article/download/4363/5367", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210214731", "display_name": "Cultural Studies Review", "issn_l": "1446-8123", "issn": ["1446-8123", "1837-8692"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310317938", "host_organization_name": "UTS ePRESS", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310317938"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["UTS ePRESS"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Cultural Studies Review", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14", "display_name": "Life below water", "score": 0.8100000023841858}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2317836120.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2317836120.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 73, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W36190892", "https://openalex.org/W263872007", "https://openalex.org/W642848201", "https://openalex.org/W1500164099", "https://openalex.org/W1529731063", "https://openalex.org/W1531168275", "https://openalex.org/W1561283990", "https://openalex.org/W1633990585", "https://openalex.org/W1966726255", "https://openalex.org/W1992372767", "https://openalex.org/W2024002744", "https://openalex.org/W2040609066", "https://openalex.org/W2043218081", "https://openalex.org/W2049812561", "https://openalex.org/W2053943912", "https://openalex.org/W2069779289", "https://openalex.org/W2069825938", "https://openalex.org/W2074822746", "https://openalex.org/W2079104580", "https://openalex.org/W2087562803", "https://openalex.org/W2087942585", "https://openalex.org/W2089162010", "https://openalex.org/W2091940268", "https://openalex.org/W2095750989", "https://openalex.org/W2098196349", "https://openalex.org/W2105848975", "https://openalex.org/W2107907699", "https://openalex.org/W2112902831", "https://openalex.org/W2123571554", "https://openalex.org/W2127498815", "https://openalex.org/W2133119686", "https://openalex.org/W2142345378", "https://openalex.org/W2142369829", "https://openalex.org/W2155609269", "https://openalex.org/W2157717183", "https://openalex.org/W2160470592", "https://openalex.org/W2164405491", "https://openalex.org/W2164846808", "https://openalex.org/W2165182155", "https://openalex.org/W2191626018", "https://openalex.org/W2223753870", "https://openalex.org/W2330269091", "https://openalex.org/W2478767015", "https://openalex.org/W2492462059", "https://openalex.org/W2764487030", "https://openalex.org/W2765379520", "https://openalex.org/W2809931300", "https://openalex.org/W2895130711", "https://openalex.org/W2913493756", "https://openalex.org/W2922088863", "https://openalex.org/W3049103919", "https://openalex.org/W3204158394", "https://openalex.org/W4210386461", "https://openalex.org/W4236770948", "https://openalex.org/W4237665899", "https://openalex.org/W4239403952", "https://openalex.org/W4248688624", "https://openalex.org/W4250974049", "https://openalex.org/W4251602630", "https://openalex.org/W4254508332", "https://openalex.org/W4313426124", "https://openalex.org/W6601465923", "https://openalex.org/W6628085419", "https://openalex.org/W6631558565", "https://openalex.org/W6631922564", "https://openalex.org/W6651488937", "https://openalex.org/W6687464154", "https://openalex.org/W6689140028", "https://openalex.org/W6745085248", "https://openalex.org/W6753034595", "https://openalex.org/W6791288719", "https://openalex.org/W6830519000", "https://openalex.org/W7057563855"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2056369879", "https://openalex.org/W2886339410", "https://openalex.org/W2159549863", "https://openalex.org/W1890418061", "https://openalex.org/W2810215902", "https://openalex.org/W2478475802", "https://openalex.org/W35771525", "https://openalex.org/W291369419", "https://openalex.org/W4320926569", "https://openalex.org/W4367834812"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"There": [0], "have": [1, 17, 35, 41], "been": [2], "a": [3, 108, 152], "number": [4, 52], "of": [5, 11, 51, 53, 58, 67, 137, 144, 166], "scientific": [6], "studies": [7], "on": [8], "the": [9, 42, 56, 120, 134, 142, 164, 170, 172], "question": [10, 110, 121], "whether": [12], "fish": [13, 21, 38, 88, 102, 139, 157], "feel": [14, 24, 47, 93, 103], "pain.": [15, 48], "Some": [16], "suggested": [18], "that": [19, 27, 37, 66, 71, 101, 146], "some": [20], "indeed": [22], "do": [23, 39], "pain": [25], "and": [26, 76, 141, 148, 174], "this": [28, 105], "has": [29], "significant": [30, 109], "welfare": [31, 85], "implications": [32], "(2003).": [33], "Others": [34], "argued": [36], "not": [40], "brain": [43], "development": [44, 165], "necessary": [45], "to": [46, 92, 150, 159], "In": [49], "terms": [50], "animals": [54, 60, 70], "killed,": [55], "slaughter": [57, 79], "sea": [59, 77], "for": [61, 74, 155], "human": [62, 160], "consumption": [63], "significantly": [64], "exceeds": [65], "any": [68, 83], "land": [69], "we": [72], "use": [73], "food,": [75], "animal": [78], "practices": [80], "frequently": [81], "lack": [82], "basic": [84], "protections.": [86], "If": [87], "can": [89, 99], "be": [90], "shown": [91], "pain\u2014or": [94], "more": [95], "importantly,": [96], "if": [97], "humans": [98], "agree": [100], "pain\u2014then": [104], "would": [106], "place": [107], "mark": [111], "over": [112], "many": [113], "contemporary": [114, 175], "fishing": [115, 167], "practices.": [116], "This": [117], "article": [118], "substitutes": [119], "'Do": [122, 129], "Fish": [123, 130], "Feel": [124], "Pain?'": [125], "with": [126], "an": [127], "alternative:": [128], "Resist?'": [131], "It": [132], "explores": [133], "conceptual": [135, 153], "problems": [136], "understanding": [138, 156], "resistance,": [140], "politics": [143], "epistemology": [145], "surrounds": [147], "seeks": [149], "develop": [151], "framework": [154], "resistance": [158], "capture": [161], "by": [162], "exploring": [163], "technologies": [168], "-": [169], "hook,": [171], "net": [173], "aquaculture.": [176]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1}], "updated_date": "2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2214824994", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1037", "title": "Lack of neocortex does not imply fish cannot feel pain", "display_name": "Lack of neocortex does not imply fish cannot feel pain", "relevance_score": 185.28929, "publication_year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2214824994", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1037", "mag": "2214824994"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1037", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1037", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1037&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "diamond", "oa_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1037&context=animsent", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108201999", "display_name": "Georg F. Striedter", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204250578", "display_name": "University of California, Irvine", "ror": "https://ror.org/04gyf1771", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Georg Striedter", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of California, Irvine", "Department of Biology University of California -Irvine"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of California, Irvine", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biology University of California -Irvine", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5108201999"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204250578"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1.9977, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 30, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.85990473, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": false}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 88, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "1", "issue": "3", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11541", "display_name": "Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior", "score": 0.9919000267982483, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11541", "display_name": "Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior", "score": 0.9919000267982483, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10971", "display_name": "Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "score": 0.9904999732971191, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2809", "display_name": "Sensory Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12596", "display_name": "Cephalopods and Marine Biology", "score": 0.9897000193595886, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1105", "display_name": "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/suspect", "display_name": "Suspect", "score": 0.7578414678573608}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling", "display_name": "Feeling", "score": 0.6820114254951477}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.6502655744552612}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neocortex", "display_name": "Neocortex", "score": 0.6395322680473328}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.4996302127838135}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/key", "display_name": "Key (lock)", "score": 0.44671177864074707}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "score": 0.3732326626777649}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.3530142307281494}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology", "display_name": "Social psychology", "score": 0.31231409311294556}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "score": 0.13315719366073608}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology", "display_name": "Criminology", "score": 0.11434474587440491}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.088713139295578}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.08396047353744507}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology", "display_name": "Ecology", "score": 0.0812985897064209}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery", "display_name": "Fishery", "score": 0.05322611331939697}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778223634", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224952", "display_name": "Suspect", "level": 2, "score": 0.7578414678573608}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C122980154", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555", "display_name": "Feeling", "level": 2, "score": 0.6820114254951477}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.6502655744552612}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777222312", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726562", "display_name": "Neocortex", "level": 2, "score": 0.6395322680473328}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.4996302127838135}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26517878", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039", "display_name": "Key (lock)", "level": 2, "score": 0.44671177864074707}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3732326626777649}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3530142307281494}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.31231409311294556}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.13315719366073608}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C73484699", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733", "display_name": "Criminology", "level": 1, "score": 0.11434474587440491}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.088713139295578}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.08396047353744507}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0812985897064209}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.05322611331939697}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1037", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1037", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1037&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:animalstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1037", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/15", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9c8b9899e3794c5e9a1cf2f13f0cc9f0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/9c8b9899e3794c5e9a1cf2f13f0cc9f0", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience, Vol 1, Iss 3 (2016)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1037", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/15", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1037", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1037", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1037&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14", "display_name": "Life below water", "score": 0.7200000286102295}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2214824994.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2214824994.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 17, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1975355239", "https://openalex.org/W1994981637", "https://openalex.org/W2008544186", "https://openalex.org/W2011876758", "https://openalex.org/W2060595110", "https://openalex.org/W2065244911", "https://openalex.org/W2095596789", "https://openalex.org/W2107508491", "https://openalex.org/W2168918152", "https://openalex.org/W2191626018", "https://openalex.org/W2751379301", "https://openalex.org/W4249609777", "https://openalex.org/W6649084951", "https://openalex.org/W6665367203", "https://openalex.org/W6666801073", "https://openalex.org/W6687464154", "https://openalex.org/W6743412012"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4310571718", "https://openalex.org/W3197016913", "https://openalex.org/W1976698932", "https://openalex.org/W2389153751", "https://openalex.org/W1492225438", "https://openalex.org/W2952887780", "https://openalex.org/W2887955072", "https://openalex.org/W1602263930", "https://openalex.org/W2012141671", "https://openalex.org/W4386728183"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Some": [0], "contemporary": [1], "scientists": [2, 67], "are": [3], "using": [4], "comparative": [5], "neurobiological": [6], "data": [7, 33, 74, 96], "to": [8, 34, 58], "argue": [9], "that": [10, 44, 83, 106], "non-mammalian": [11], "vertebrates": [12], "have": [13, 52, 87, 109], "feelings,": [14], "most": [15], "notably": [16], "of": [17, 85], "pain": [18, 48], "(e.g.,": [19], "Braithwaite,": [20], "2010;": [21], "Mashour": [22], "and": [23, 75], "Alkire,": [24], "2012),": [25], "while": [26], "Key": [27], "(2016)": [28], "uses": [29], "the": [30, 36, 72, 95, 113], "same": [31, 73], "general": [32], "reach": [35, 76], "opposite": [37], "conclusion.": [38], "In": [39, 101], "a": [40, 53, 89], "nutshell,": [41], "he": [42], "argues": [43], "fish": [45, 50], "cannot": [46, 115], "feel": [47], "because": [49], "don\u2019t": [51, 63], "neocortex,": [54], "which": [55], "humans": [56], "need": [57], "consciously": [59], "experience": [60], "pain.": [61], "I": [62, 81, 104], "know": [64], "how": [65], "these": [66], "can": [68], "look": [69], "at": [70], "essentially": [71], "such": [77], "disparate": [78], "conclusions,": [79], "but": [80], "suspect": [82], "some": [84], "them": [86], "strong": [88], "priori": [90], "beliefs": [91], "and,": [92], "therefore,": [93], "view": [94], "through": [97], "differently": [98], "tinted": [99], "spectacles.": [100], "any": [102], "case,": [103], "think": [105], "both": [107], "sides": [108], "overplayed": [110], "their": [111], "hands;": [112], "debate": [114], "be": [116], "settled": [117], "yet.": [118]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3}], "updated_date": "2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2624520537", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1198", "title": "Consciousness in teleosts: There is something it feels like to be a fish", "display_name": "Consciousness in teleosts: There is something it feels like to be a fish", "relevance_score": 179.682, "publication_year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2624520537", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1198", "mag": "2624520537"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1198", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1198", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1198&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "diamond", "oa_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1198&context=animsent", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070363446", "display_name": "Michael L. Woodruff", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I119443389", "display_name": "East Tennessee State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05rfqv493", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I119443389"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Michael L. Woodruff", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["East Tennessee State University", "Biomedical Sciences and of Psychology at East Tennessee State University", "Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Psychology, East Tennessee State University"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "East Tennessee State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I119443389"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Biomedical Sciences and of Psychology at East Tennessee State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I119443389"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Psychology, East Tennessee State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I119443389"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5070363446"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I119443389"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 4.9358, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 66, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.96011258, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 95, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "2", "issue": "13", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10581", "display_name": "Neural dynamics and brain function", "score": 0.993399977684021, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2805", "display_name": "Cognitive Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10581", "display_name": "Neural dynamics and brain function", "score": 0.993399977684021, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2805", "display_name": "Cognitive Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12236", "display_name": "Photoreceptor and optogenetics research", "score": 0.9771999716758728, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2804", "display_name": "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12014", "display_name": "Fish biology, ecology, and behavior", "score": 0.9506999850273132, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2309", "display_name": "Nature and Landscape Conservation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/consciousness", "display_name": "Consciousness", "score": 0.8474445343017578}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/expansive", "display_name": "Expansive", "score": 0.7262711524963379}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.7015677690505981}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.6754945516586304}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocal", "display_name": "Reciprocal", "score": 0.6451229453086853}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility", "display_name": "Flexibility (engineering)", "score": 0.5813998579978943}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "score": 0.4765770435333252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thalamus", "display_name": "Thalamus", "score": 0.45257067680358887}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science", "display_name": "Cognitive science", "score": 0.4417082965373993}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "score": 0.4082286059856415}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.12021854519844055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.07836014032363892}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C186720457", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087", "display_name": "Consciousness", "level": 2, "score": 0.8474445343017578}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780502288", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28838156", "display_name": "Expansive", "level": 3, "score": 0.7262711524963379}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.7015677690505981}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.6754945516586304}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777742833", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1964083", "display_name": "Reciprocal", "level": 2, "score": 0.6451229453086853}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780598303", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492", "display_name": "Flexibility (engineering)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5813998579978943}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4765770435333252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779246727", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184215", "display_name": "Thalamus", "level": 2, "score": 0.45257067680358887}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188147891", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638", "display_name": "Cognitive science", "level": 1, "score": 0.4417082965373993}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.4082286059856415}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.12021854519844055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.07836014032363892}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C30407753", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191", "display_name": "Compressive strength", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790", "display_name": "Composite material", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162", "display_name": "Linguistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1198", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1198", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1198&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:animalstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1198", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol2/iss13/1", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f1c7f4fb111b4de085cf28180685bd67", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/f1c7f4fb111b4de085cf28180685bd67", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience, Vol 2, Iss 13 (2017)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1198", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol2/iss13/1", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1198", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1198", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1198&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14", "display_name": "Life below water", "score": 0.8600000143051147}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2624520537.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2624520537.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 117, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W30976412", "https://openalex.org/W142400325", "https://openalex.org/W230254315", "https://openalex.org/W776426117", "https://openalex.org/W1583309920", "https://openalex.org/W1608623948", "https://openalex.org/W1632362033", "https://openalex.org/W1763198230", "https://openalex.org/W1799123644", "https://openalex.org/W1958690595", "https://openalex.org/W1967714812", "https://openalex.org/W1975928668", "https://openalex.org/W1976594710", "https://openalex.org/W1984164289", "https://openalex.org/W1985554148", "https://openalex.org/W1992320534", "https://openalex.org/W1994675927", "https://openalex.org/W1994889282", "https://openalex.org/W1999217664", "https://openalex.org/W2001703475", "https://openalex.org/W2002417671", "https://openalex.org/W2010426703", "https://openalex.org/W2010490520", "https://openalex.org/W2013154088", "https://openalex.org/W2015137582", "https://openalex.org/W2015960241", "https://openalex.org/W2019357123", "https://openalex.org/W2020307637", "https://openalex.org/W2024187681", "https://openalex.org/W2033624480", "https://openalex.org/W2033978775", "https://openalex.org/W2035638914", "https://openalex.org/W2038545735", "https://openalex.org/W2040211608", "https://openalex.org/W2043218081", "https://openalex.org/W2043329369", "https://openalex.org/W2049343441", "https://openalex.org/W2050265696", "https://openalex.org/W2050379054", "https://openalex.org/W2050704896", "https://openalex.org/W2050821913", "https://openalex.org/W2051771797", "https://openalex.org/W2052866014", "https://openalex.org/W2054008031", "https://openalex.org/W2055498607", "https://openalex.org/W2056245235", "https://openalex.org/W2058225897", "https://openalex.org/W2063120227", "https://openalex.org/W2065244584", "https://openalex.org/W2069555383", "https://openalex.org/W2070636161", "https://openalex.org/W2086032301", "https://openalex.org/W2094353482", "https://openalex.org/W2095596789", "https://openalex.org/W2097156979", "https://openalex.org/W2106675124", "https://openalex.org/W2112980403", "https://openalex.org/W2115528567", "https://openalex.org/W2133541989", "https://openalex.org/W2136820200", "https://openalex.org/W2139877515", "https://openalex.org/W2141257533", "https://openalex.org/W2141524988", "https://openalex.org/W2142360810", "https://openalex.org/W2142369829", "https://openalex.org/W2144764737", "https://openalex.org/W2145630843", "https://openalex.org/W2150596589", "https://openalex.org/W2151845878", "https://openalex.org/W2152870513", "https://openalex.org/W2153098120", "https://openalex.org/W2158089189", "https://openalex.org/W2164470519", "https://openalex.org/W2168813032", "https://openalex.org/W2170232314", "https://openalex.org/W2171299031", "https://openalex.org/W2171500604", "https://openalex.org/W2191626018", "https://openalex.org/W2195860623", "https://openalex.org/W2225797092", "https://openalex.org/W2424450719", "https://openalex.org/W2468499682", "https://openalex.org/W2472856569", "https://openalex.org/W2527991744", "https://openalex.org/W2559702717", "https://openalex.org/W2571118091", "https://openalex.org/W2580094234", "https://openalex.org/W2619215161", "https://openalex.org/W3161680519", "https://openalex.org/W4211108603", "https://openalex.org/W4231289681", "https://openalex.org/W4247854448", "https://openalex.org/W4301831348", "https://openalex.org/W6601331176", "https://openalex.org/W6605708886", "https://openalex.org/W6638573174", "https://openalex.org/W6650718019", "https://openalex.org/W6650982675", "https://openalex.org/W6659074711", "https://openalex.org/W6661252697", "https://openalex.org/W6662857481", "https://openalex.org/W6663824184", "https://openalex.org/W6666273358", "https://openalex.org/W6672113484", "https://openalex.org/W6673878886", "https://openalex.org/W6680899529", "https://openalex.org/W6680970323", "https://openalex.org/W6681054790", "https://openalex.org/W6682114353", "https://openalex.org/W6682553040", "https://openalex.org/W6684301587", "https://openalex.org/W6684832195", "https://openalex.org/W6685207888", "https://openalex.org/W6687464154", "https://openalex.org/W6730823578", "https://openalex.org/W6816137472", "https://openalex.org/W6845807604"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2391753177", "https://openalex.org/W2996284460", "https://openalex.org/W1966306316", "https://openalex.org/W4298284054", "https://openalex.org/W3207631643", "https://openalex.org/W2157609968", "https://openalex.org/W4285058191", "https://openalex.org/W4302368440", "https://openalex.org/W2271765275", "https://openalex.org/W2964116984"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Ray-finned": [0], "fish": [1, 25, 62, 90], "are": [2, 107], "often": [3], "excluded": [4], "from": [5], "the": [6, 21, 24, 48, 52, 66, 87, 103], "group": [7], "of": [8, 55, 68, 72, 76, 98, 109], "non-human": [9], "animals": [10], "considered": [11], "to": [12, 50, 86, 101], "have": [13, 92], "phenomenal": [14, 110], "consciousness.": [15, 73, 111], "This": [16], "is": [17, 58, 82], "generally": [18], "done": [19], "on": [20], "grounds": [22], "that": [23, 61, 89, 105], "pallium": [26], "lacks": [27], "a": [28], "sufficiently": [29], "expansive": [30], "gross": [31], "parcellation,": [32], "as": [33, 35], "well": [34], "even": [36], "minimally": [37], "sufficient": [38, 99], "neuronal": [39], "organization,": [40], "intrinsic": [41], "connectivity,": [42], "and": [43, 79, 95], "reciprocal": [44], "extrinsic": [45], "connections": [46], "with": [47], "thalamus": [49], "support": [51, 102], "subjective": [53], "experience": [54], "qualia.": [56], "It": [57], "also": [59], "argued": [60], "do": [63, 91], "not": [64], "exhibit": [65], "level": [67], "behavioral": [69, 80, 96], "flexibility": [70, 97], "indicative": [71], "A": [74], "review": [75], "neuroanatomical,": [77], "neurophysiological": [78], "studies": [81], "presented": [83], "which": [84], "leads": [85], "conclusion": [88], "neurobiological": [93], "correlates": [94], "complexity": [100], "hypothesis": [104], "they": [106], "capable": [108]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 18}], "updated_date": "2026-09-05T08:02:43.246662", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2198116459", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1052", "title": "Should fish feel pain? A plant perspective", "display_name": "Should fish feel pain? A plant perspective", "relevance_score": 178.91637, "publication_year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2198116459", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1052", "mag": "2198116459"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1052", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1052", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "diamond", "oa_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=animsent", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5013379996", "display_name": "Franti\u0161ek Balu\u0161ka", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8763-7861"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I135140700", "display_name": "University of Bonn", "ror": "https://ror.org/041nas322", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210158086", "display_name": "Institut de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire", "ror": "https://ror.org/05qpmg879", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I4210158086", "https://openalex.org/I68947357"]}], "countries": ["DE", "FR"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Franti\u0161ek Balu\u0161ka", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Bonn", "Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Bonn", "University of Bonn. He founded the journals Plant Signaling & Behavior and Communicative & Integrative Biology,"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Bonn", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Bonn", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135140700", "https://openalex.org/I4210158086"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Bonn. He founded the journals Plant Signaling & Behavior and Communicative & Integrative Biology,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5013379996"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135140700", "https://openalex.org/I4210158086"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 2.6211, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 31, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.90656344, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 90, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "1", "issue": "3", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12813", "display_name": "Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies", "score": 0.9635000228881836, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1110", "display_name": "Plant Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12813", "display_name": "Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies", "score": 0.9635000228881836, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1110", "display_name": "Plant Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10423", "display_name": "Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research", "score": 0.9229000210762024, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2804", "display_name": "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10225", "display_name": "Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity", "score": 0.9140999913215637, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1106", "display_name": "Food Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.7793293595314026}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective", "display_name": "Perspective (graphical)", "score": 0.7147318720817566}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling", "display_name": "Feeling", "score": 0.684359610080719}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/key", "display_name": "Key (lock)", "score": 0.596431314945221}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/noxious-stimulus", "display_name": "Noxious stimulus", "score": 0.46146160364151}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "score": 0.44093209505081177}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.43970248103141785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.2658484876155853}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology", "display_name": "Ecology", "score": 0.25109368562698364}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.20643311738967896}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology", "display_name": "Social psychology", "score": 0.20565631985664368}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nociception", "display_name": "Nociception", "score": 0.14231011271476746}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery", "display_name": "Fishery", "score": 0.11852949857711792}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.0931423008441925}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.7793293595314026}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C12713177", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281", "display_name": "Perspective (graphical)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7147318720817566}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C122980154", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555", "display_name": "Feeling", "level": 2, "score": 0.684359610080719}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26517878", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039", "display_name": "Key (lock)", "level": 2, "score": 0.596431314945221}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104211972", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7067309", "display_name": "Noxious stimulus", "level": 4, "score": 0.46146160364151}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.44093209505081177}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.43970248103141785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.2658484876155853}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.25109368562698364}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.20643311738967896}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.20565631985664368}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15490471", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734305", "display_name": "Nociception", "level": 3, "score": 0.14231011271476746}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.11852949857711792}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.0931423008441925}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C170493617", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467", "display_name": "Receptor", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1052", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1052", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:animalstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1052", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/16", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3ccdcb168dc14cae8736fe2d0ae3a315", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/3ccdcb168dc14cae8736fe2d0ae3a315", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience, Vol 1, Iss 3 (2016)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1052", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/16", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1052", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1052", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14", "display_name": "Life below water", "score": 0.7799999713897705}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2198116459.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2198116459.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 55, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W567258528", "https://openalex.org/W1521706641", "https://openalex.org/W1849602905", "https://openalex.org/W1904091956", "https://openalex.org/W1966396755", "https://openalex.org/W1967440491", "https://openalex.org/W1973977212", "https://openalex.org/W1979452977", "https://openalex.org/W1980714514", "https://openalex.org/W1987184460", "https://openalex.org/W2002214089", "https://openalex.org/W2005381485", "https://openalex.org/W2049360156", "https://openalex.org/W2067127243", "https://openalex.org/W2069857183", "https://openalex.org/W2088702510", "https://openalex.org/W2095935150", "https://openalex.org/W2101119344", "https://openalex.org/W2108633255", "https://openalex.org/W2109340529", "https://openalex.org/W2112901303", "https://openalex.org/W2115052140", "https://openalex.org/W2119761330", "https://openalex.org/W2120137198", "https://openalex.org/W2130881460", "https://openalex.org/W2144710058", "https://openalex.org/W2147278278", "https://openalex.org/W2151095875", "https://openalex.org/W2158258935", "https://openalex.org/W2161152190", "https://openalex.org/W2169935226", "https://openalex.org/W2179384444", "https://openalex.org/W2189488787", "https://openalex.org/W2191626018", "https://openalex.org/W2314938432", "https://openalex.org/W2400793098", "https://openalex.org/W2602601502", "https://openalex.org/W4238677864", "https://openalex.org/W4242928859", "https://openalex.org/W4298183679", "https://openalex.org/W6621654776", "https://openalex.org/W6630910738", "https://openalex.org/W6641931399", "https://openalex.org/W6643857065", "https://openalex.org/W6645309881", "https://openalex.org/W6650895761", "https://openalex.org/W6667921366", "https://openalex.org/W6674615120", "https://openalex.org/W6674966771", "https://openalex.org/W6676117860", "https://openalex.org/W6682521807", "https://openalex.org/W6687464154", "https://openalex.org/W6714174517", "https://openalex.org/W6808350055", "https://openalex.org/W6834936839"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2389358522", "https://openalex.org/W1607255502", "https://openalex.org/W4293752713", "https://openalex.org/W2036320508", "https://openalex.org/W1794702462", "https://openalex.org/W2808104465", "https://openalex.org/W3200155668", "https://openalex.org/W1986493067", "https://openalex.org/W2068061830", "https://openalex.org/W2037012301"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Key": [0], "(2016)": [1], "claims": [2], "fish": [3, 5], "that": [4, 73], "do": [6], "not": [7, 43, 52], "feel": [8], "pain": [9], "because": [10], "they": [11], "lack": [12], "the": [13, 61], "necessary": [14], "neuronal": [15], "architecture:": [16], "their": [17], "responses": [18], "to": [19, 23, 55], "noxious": [20], "stimuli,": [21], "according": [22], "Key,": [24], "are": [25, 51], "executed": [26], "automatically": [27], "without": [28], "any": [29], "feelings.": [30], "However,": [31], "as": [32, 90], "pointed": [33], "out": [34], "by": [35], "many": [36], "of": [37], "his": [38], "commentators,": [39], "this": [40], "conclusion": [41], "is": [42], "convincing.": [44], "Plants": [45, 50], "might": [46], "provide": [47], "some": [48], "clues.": [49], "usually": [53], "thought": [54], "be": [56], "very": [57], "active": [58, 87], "behaviorally,": [59], "but": [60], "evidence": [62], "suggests": [63], "otherwise.": [64], "Moreover,": [65], "in": [66], "stressful": [67], "situations,": [68], "plants": [69], "produce": [70], "numerous": [71], "chemicals": [72], "have": [74], "painkilling": [75], "and": [76], "anesthetic": [77], "properties.": [78], "Finally,": [79], "plants,": [80], "when": [81], "treated": [82], "with": [83], "anesthetics,": [84], "cannot": [85], "execute": [86], "behaviors": [88], "such": [89], "touch-induced": [91], "leaf": [92], "movements": [93], "or": [94], "rapid": [95], "trap": [96], "closures": [97], "after": [98], "localizing": [99], "animal": [100], "prey.": [101]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2}], "updated_date": "2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2605316699", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175737", "title": "Chronic pain and sex-differences; women accept and move, while men feel blue", "display_name": "Chronic pain and sex-differences; women accept and move, while men feel blue", "relevance_score": 178.47125, "publication_year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-04-25", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2605316699", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175737", "mag": "2605316699", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28441403"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175737", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175737", "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0175737&type=printable", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S202381698", "display_name": "PLoS ONE", "issn_l": "1932-6203", "issn": ["1932-6203"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315706", "host_organization_name": "Public Library of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Public Library of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "PLOS ONE", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0175737&type=printable", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5051585267", "display_name": "Graciela Rovner", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-1624"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1335113835", "display_name": "Karolinska University Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/00m8d6786", "country_code": "SE", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1335113835"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I28166907", "display_name": "Karolinska Institutet", "ror": "https://ror.org/056d84691", "country_code": "SE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I881427289", "display_name": "University of Gothenburg", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tm6cn81", "country_code": "SE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}], "countries": ["SE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Graciela S. Rovner", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden", "Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden", "Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg at Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-1624", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1335113835", "https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg at Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045668671", "display_name": "Katharina S. Sunnerhagen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5940-4400"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I881427289", "display_name": "University of Gothenburg", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tm6cn81", "country_code": "SE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}], "countries": ["SE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Katharina S. Sunnerhagen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg at Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg at Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005417811", "display_name": "Ann Bj\u00f6rkdahl", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2194-6773"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I75511499", "display_name": "Marie Cederschi\u00f6ld University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00ajvsd91", "country_code": "SE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I75511499"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I881427289", "display_name": "University of Gothenburg", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tm6cn81", "country_code": "SE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}], "countries": ["SE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ann Bj\u00f6rkdahl", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ersta Skondal University College, Campus Bracke, Gothenburg, Sweden", "Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg at Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ersta Skondal University College, Campus Bracke, Gothenburg, Sweden", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I75511499"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg at Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5048017178", "display_name": "Bj\u00f6rn Gerdle", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4316-1264"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I102134673", "display_name": "Link\u00f6ping University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05ynxx418", "country_code": "SE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}], "countries": ["SE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bj\u00f6rn Gerdle", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, SE-581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, SE-581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109252001", "display_name": "Bj\u00f6rn B\u00f6rsbo", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I102134673", "display_name": "Link\u00f6ping University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05ynxx418", "country_code": "SE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210148116", "display_name": "Ryhov Hospital J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping", "ror": "https://ror.org/053xhbr86", "country_code": "SE", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210148116"]}], "countries": ["SE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bj\u00f6rn B\u00f6rsbo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Clinical Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, County Hospital Ryhov, Jonkoping, Sweden", "Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Clinical Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, County Hospital Ryhov, Jonkoping, Sweden", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210148116"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101916528", "display_name": "Fredrik Johansson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7345-2313"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802208705", "display_name": "Danderyds sjukhus", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hm9kt34", "country_code": "SE", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802208705"]}], "countries": ["SE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Fredrik Johansson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Medical library, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Medical library, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802208705"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5051865935", "display_name": "David Gillanders", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4071-4211"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98677209", "display_name": "University of Edinburgh", "ror": "https://ror.org/01nrxwf90", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David Gillanders", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 8, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5045668671"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I881427289"], "apc_list": {"value": 2382, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 2382}, "apc_paid": {"value": 1262, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 1361}, "fwci": 24.0526, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 179, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99678445, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 97, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "12", "issue": "4", "first_page": "e0175737", "last_page": "e0175737"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11292", "display_name": "Pediatric Pain Management Techniques", "score": 0.20829999446868896, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2735", "display_name": "Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11292", "display_name": "Pediatric Pain Management Techniques", "score": 0.20829999446868896, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2735", "display_name": "Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10084", "display_name": "Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation", "score": 0.18539999425411224, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2736", "display_name": "Pharmacology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11768", "display_name": "Music Therapy and Health", "score": 0.0640999972820282, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.4623919725418091}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-pain", "display_name": "Chronic pain", "score": 0.4196820855140686}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.36579954624176025}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry", "display_name": "Psychiatry", "score": 0.19897612929344177}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.4623919725418091}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781118164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088113", "display_name": "Chronic pain", "level": 2, "score": 0.4196820855140686}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.36579954624176025}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867", "display_name": "Psychiatry", "level": 1, "score": 0.19897612929344177}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000339", "descriptor_name": "Affect", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000339", "descriptor_name": "Affect", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000339", "descriptor_name": "Affect", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001007", "descriptor_name": "Anxiety", "qualifier_ui": "Q000209", "qualifier_name": "etiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001007", "descriptor_name": "Anxiety", "qualifier_ui": "Q000209", "qualifier_name": "etiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001007", "descriptor_name": "Anxiety", "qualifier_ui": "Q000209", "qualifier_name": "etiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001519", "descriptor_name": "Behavior", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001519", "descriptor_name": "Behavior", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001519", "descriptor_name": "Behavior", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003863", "descriptor_name": "Depression", "qualifier_ui": "Q000209", "qualifier_name": "etiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003863", "descriptor_name": "Depression", "qualifier_ui": "Q000209", "qualifier_name": "etiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003863", "descriptor_name": "Depression", "qualifier_ui": "Q000209", "qualifier_name": "etiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010147", "descriptor_name": "Pain Measurement", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010147", "descriptor_name": "Pain Measurement", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010147", "descriptor_name": "Pain Measurement", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011594", "descriptor_name": "Psychometrics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011594", "descriptor_name": "Psychometrics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011594", "descriptor_name": "Psychometrics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011788", "descriptor_name": "Quality of Life", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011788", "descriptor_name": "Quality of Life", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011788", "descriptor_name": "Quality of Life", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011795", "descriptor_name": "Surveys and Questionnaires", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011795", "descriptor_name": "Surveys and Questionnaires", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011795", "descriptor_name": "Surveys and Questionnaires", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012727", "descriptor_name": "Sex Characteristics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012727", "descriptor_name": "Sex Characteristics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012727", "descriptor_name": "Sex Characteristics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012737", "descriptor_name": "Sex Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012737", "descriptor_name": "Sex Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012737", "descriptor_name": "Sex Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012944", "descriptor_name": "Social Support", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012944", "descriptor_name": "Social Support", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012944", "descriptor_name": "Social Support", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059350", "descriptor_name": "Chronic Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059350", "descriptor_name": "Chronic Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059350", "descriptor_name": "Chronic Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059350", "descriptor_name": "Chronic Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000209", "qualifier_name": "etiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059350", "descriptor_name": "Chronic Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000209", "qualifier_name": "etiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059350", "descriptor_name": "Chronic Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000209", "qualifier_name": "etiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059350", "descriptor_name": "Chronic Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000523", "qualifier_name": "psychology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059350", "descriptor_name": "Chronic Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000523", "qualifier_name": "psychology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059350", "descriptor_name": "Chronic Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000523", "qualifier_name": "psychology", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 6, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175737", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175737", "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0175737&type=printable", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S202381698", "display_name": "PLoS ONE", "issn_l": "1932-6203", "issn": ["1932-6203"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315706", "host_organization_name": "Public Library of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Public Library of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "PLOS ONE", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:28441403", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28441403", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "PloS one", "raw_type": "Journal Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/72250cf8-3b62-4075-b152-13e88e3c7a22", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/72250cf8-3b62-4075-b152-13e88e3c7a22", "pdf_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/72250cf8-3b62-4075-b152-13e88e3c7a22", "source": null, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": ""}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5404887", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5404887", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "PLoS One", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:DiVA.org:liu-137860", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-137860", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401559", "display_name": "KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I86987016", "host_organization_name": "KTH Royal Institute of Technology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I86987016"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:48839e16cc7949b39986bc495725cf1d", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/48839e16cc7949b39986bc495725cf1d", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 4, p e0175737 (2017)", "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175737", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175737", "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0175737&type=printable", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S202381698", "display_name": "PLoS ONE", "issn_l": "1932-6203", "issn": ["1932-6203"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315706", "host_organization_name": "Public Library of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Public Library of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "PLOS ONE", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5", "display_name": "Gender equality", "score": 0.46000000834465027}], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320311025", "display_name": "V\u00e5rdalstiftelsen", "ror": "https://ror.org/00v6ky380"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321413", "display_name": "AFA F\u00f6rs\u00e4kring", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e1fjy29"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320325666", "display_name": "Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting", "ror": "https://ror.org/053m0aq28"}], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2605316699.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2605316699.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 79, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1561145077", "https://openalex.org/W1636536540", "https://openalex.org/W1755993115", "https://openalex.org/W1845447069", "https://openalex.org/W1955446149", "https://openalex.org/W1964286700", "https://openalex.org/W1967518537", "https://openalex.org/W1967577185", "https://openalex.org/W1968871076", "https://openalex.org/W1989736579", "https://openalex.org/W1991490088", "https://openalex.org/W1991801021", "https://openalex.org/W1995764137", "https://openalex.org/W1998239207", "https://openalex.org/W2000492372", "https://openalex.org/W2003095469", "https://openalex.org/W2010555748", "https://openalex.org/W2018901856", "https://openalex.org/W2020359426", "https://openalex.org/W2026326151", "https://openalex.org/W2026407101", "https://openalex.org/W2030619935", "https://openalex.org/W2031134157", "https://openalex.org/W2035241339", "https://openalex.org/W2035723701", "https://openalex.org/W2037377025", "https://openalex.org/W2040248009", "https://openalex.org/W2042148012", "https://openalex.org/W2042563850", "https://openalex.org/W2042777265", "https://openalex.org/W2046045841", "https://openalex.org/W2047319884", "https://openalex.org/W2048081411", "https://openalex.org/W2048514270", "https://openalex.org/W2048854913", "https://openalex.org/W2054788830", "https://openalex.org/W2056312455", "https://openalex.org/W2060699469", "https://openalex.org/W2061030646", "https://openalex.org/W2065081821", "https://openalex.org/W2066329882", "https://openalex.org/W2067929429", "https://openalex.org/W2068491831", "https://openalex.org/W2068799913", "https://openalex.org/W2071686284", "https://openalex.org/W2080043403", "https://openalex.org/W2083172516", "https://openalex.org/W2083958640", "https://openalex.org/W2089680118", "https://openalex.org/W2100014097", "https://openalex.org/W2103380849", "https://openalex.org/W2106572906", "https://openalex.org/W2107031757", "https://openalex.org/W2109285654", "https://openalex.org/W2110112325", "https://openalex.org/W2116017095", "https://openalex.org/W2126296307", "https://openalex.org/W2144086277", "https://openalex.org/W2156724116", "https://openalex.org/W2161673838", "https://openalex.org/W2165097296", "https://openalex.org/W2166281097", "https://openalex.org/W2167613032", "https://openalex.org/W2168132586", "https://openalex.org/W2168850271", "https://openalex.org/W2169479134", "https://openalex.org/W2169749273", "https://openalex.org/W2171369299", "https://openalex.org/W2226139128", "https://openalex.org/W2293429024", "https://openalex.org/W2332019618", "https://openalex.org/W2473786944", "https://openalex.org/W4251807527", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W4292806894", "https://openalex.org/W4300870773", "https://openalex.org/W4384464735", "https://openalex.org/W6676028428", "https://openalex.org/W6986655085"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W3031052312", "https://openalex.org/W4389568370", "https://openalex.org/W3032375762", "https://openalex.org/W1995515455", "https://openalex.org/W2080531066", "https://openalex.org/W2586801360", "https://openalex.org/W3108674512", "https://openalex.org/W1506200166", "https://openalex.org/W1489783725"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"PURPOSE:": [0], "The": [1], "aim": [2], "of": [3, 30, 65, 78, 88, 93], "this": [4], "study": [5], "is": [6], "to": [7, 25, 33, 42, 167], "explore": [8], "differences": [9, 151], "between": [10, 152], "male": [11], "and": [12, 50, 72, 76, 84, 127, 137, 145, 154, 158, 163], "female": [13], "patients": [14, 40], "entering": [15], "a": [16, 20, 27, 43], "rehabilitation": [17, 46], "program": [18], "at": [19, 101], "pain": [21, 45, 51, 57, 66, 117, 125], "clinic": [22], "in": [23, 36, 67], "order": [24], "gain": [26], "greater": [28], "understanding": [29], "different": [31], "approaches": [32], "be": [34, 168], "used": [35], "rehabilitation.": [37], "METHOD:": [38], "1371": [39], "referred": [41], "specialty": [44], "clinic,": [47], "completed": [48], "sociodemographic": [49], "related": [52], "questionnaires.": [53], "They": [54], "rated": [55], "their": [56, 60, 68], "acceptance": [58, 126, 143, 157], "(CPAQ-8),": [59], "kinesiophobia": [61, 146, 159], "(TSK),": [62], "the": [63, 81, 85, 89, 94, 96, 102, 115, 149, 165], "impact": [64], "life": [69, 79], "(MPI),": [70], "anxiety": [71], "depression": [73], "levels": [74], "(HAD)": [75], "quality": [77], "scales:": [80], "SF-36,": [82], "LiSat-11,": [83], "EQ-5D.": [86], "Because": [87], "large": [90], "sample": [91], "size": [92], "study,": [95], "significance": [97], "level": [98], "was": [99], "set": [100], "p": [103], "\u2264.01.": [104], "RESULTS:": [105], "Analysis": [106], "by": [107], "t-test": [108], "showed": [109, 148], "that": [110], "when": [111], "both": [112], "sexes": [113], "experience": [114], "same": [116], "severity,": [118], "women": [119], "report": [120, 132], "significantly": [121], "higher": [122, 133], "activity": [123, 139], "level,": [124], "social": [128], "support": [129], "while": [130], "men": [131, 153], "kinesiophobia,": [134], "mood": [135], "disturbances": [136], "lower": [138], "level.": [140], "CONCLUSION:": [141], "Pain": [142, 156], "(CPAQ-8)": [144], "(TSK)": [147], "clearest": [150], "women.": [155], "are": [160], "behaviorally": [161], "defined": [162], "have": [164], "potential": [166], "changed.": [169]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 27}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 24}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 28}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 24}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 32}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4}], "updated_date": "2026-09-04T10:56:28.161419", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2006382422", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.50.4.329", "title": "Challenges in Assessing Fish Welfare", "display_name": "Challenges in Assessing Fish Welfare", "relevance_score": 177.75668, "publication_year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2006382422", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.50.4.329", "mag": "2006382422", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19949249"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/ilar.50.4.329", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.50.4.329", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/ilarjournal/article-pdf/50/4/329/6763699/ilar-50-329.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7144643", "display_name": "ILAR Journal", "issn_l": "1084-2020", "issn": ["1084-2020", "1930-6180"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ILAR Journal", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/ilarjournal/article-pdf/50/4/329/6763699/ilar-50-329.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111680052", "display_name": "G. L. Volpato", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I879563668", "display_name": "Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00987cb86", "country_code": "BR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}], "countries": ["BR"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "G. L. Volpato", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Departamento de Fisiologia, IBB, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Cx. Postal 510, Cep 18618-000, Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. volpgil@gmail.com", "Departamento de Fisiologia, IBB, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Cx. Postal 510, Cep 18618-000, Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Departamento de Fisiologia, IBB, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Cx. Postal 510, Cep 18618-000, Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. volpgil@gmail.com", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Departamento de Fisiologia, IBB, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Cx. Postal 510, Cep 18618-000, Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5111680052"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I879563668"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 5.557, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 47, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.95267014, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 98}, "biblio": {"volume": "50", "issue": "4", "first_page": "329", "last_page": "337"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10302", "display_name": "Fish Ecology and Management Studies", "score": 0.9287999868392944, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2309", "display_name": "Nature and Landscape Conservation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10302", "display_name": "Fish Ecology and Management Studies", "score": 0.9287999868392944, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2309", "display_name": "Nature and Landscape Conservation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.7098683714866638}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare", "display_name": "Welfare", "score": 0.4852616488933563}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery", "display_name": "Fishery", "score": 0.4828275144100189}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science", "display_name": "Environmental science", "score": 0.4449479579925537}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/business", "display_name": "Business", "score": 0.33785757422447205}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.26350387930870056}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/economics", "display_name": "Economics", "score": 0.12737464904785156}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.7098683714866638}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092", "display_name": "Welfare", "level": 2, "score": 0.4852616488933563}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.4828275144100189}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847", "display_name": "Environmental science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4449479579925537}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453", "display_name": "Business", "level": 0, "score": 0.33785757422447205}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.26350387930870056}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.12737464904785156}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522", "display_name": "Market economy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000827", "descriptor_name": "Animal Welfare", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000827", "descriptor_name": "Animal Welfare", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000827", "descriptor_name": "Animal Welfare", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005399", "descriptor_name": "Fishes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005399", "descriptor_name": "Fishes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005399", "descriptor_name": "Fishes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/ilar.50.4.329", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.50.4.329", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/ilarjournal/article-pdf/50/4/329/6763699/ilar-50-329.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7144643", "display_name": "ILAR Journal", "issn_l": "1084-2020", "issn": ["1084-2020", "1930-6180"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ILAR Journal", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:19949249", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19949249", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ILAR journal", "raw_type": "Journal Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:acervodigital.unesp.br:11449/41080", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://acervodigital.unesp.br/handle/11449/41080", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400256", "display_name": "Acervo Digital da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Universidade Estadual Paulista)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4210115194", "host_organization_name": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210115194"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "outro"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/41080", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/11449/41080", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196277", "display_name": "UNESP Institutional Repository (S\u00e3o Paulo State University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I879563668", "host_organization_name": "Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I879563668"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/ilar.50.4.329", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.50.4.329", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/ilarjournal/article-pdf/50/4/329/6763699/ilar-50-329.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7144643", "display_name": "ILAR Journal", "issn_l": "1084-2020", "issn": ["1084-2020", "1930-6180"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ILAR Journal", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14", "display_name": "Life below water", "score": 0.6700000166893005}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G711788485", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "302022/2006-6", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322025", "funder_display_name": "Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322025", "display_name": "Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico", "ror": "https://ror.org/03swz6y49"}], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2006382422.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2006382422.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2187740324", "https://openalex.org/W1895724541", "https://openalex.org/W2319122775", "https://openalex.org/W4253926926", "https://openalex.org/W2972884504", "https://openalex.org/W2119170295", "https://openalex.org/W45145381", "https://openalex.org/W4378189329", "https://openalex.org/W3185053079", "https://openalex.org/W2183330861"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Descriptions": [0], "of": [1, 31, 42, 104], "feeling": [2], "states": [3], "in": [4, 25, 93], "nonhuman": [5], "animals": [6], "have": [7], "relied": [8], "on": [9, 45], "indirect": [10, 32], "evidence": [11, 23, 34], "from": [12, 96], "empirical": [13], "data.": [14], "Assumptions": [15], "that": [16, 50, 117], "fish": [17, 51], "do": [18], "not": [19], "experience": [20], "suffering": [21], "lack": [22], "and": [24, 35, 54, 64, 78, 85, 138, 146], "fact": [26], "contradict": [27], "a": [28, 91, 119, 126], "large": [29], "body": [30], "scientific": [33, 94, 142], "ethical": [36], "concern.": [37], "Why": [38], "should": [39], "the": [40, 48, 68], "burden": [41], "proof": [43], "rest": [44], "those": [46], "defending": [47], "hypothesis": [49], "feel": [52], "pain": [53], "other": [55], "discomfort?": [56], "In": [57], "this": [58, 62, 132], "article": [59], "I": [60, 89, 134], "address": [61], "controversy": [63], "describe": [65], "typical": [66], "methodsand": [67], "problems": [69], "associated": [70], "with": [71], "themto": [72], "identify": [73, 100, 115], "animal": [74, 124], "welfare": [75, 86], "(feeling-based,": [76], "physiological,": [77], "behavioral": [79], "approaches": [80], "intended": [81], "to": [82, 98, 112, 114], "demonstrate": [83], "feelings": [84], "states).": [87], "Then": [88], "urge": [90], "shift": [92], "focus": [95], "efforts": [97, 113], "either": [99], "an": [101, 109, 123], "internal": [102], "state": [103, 127], "well-being": [105], "or": [106], "determine": [107], "whether": [108], "organism": [110], "suffers,": [111], "conditions": [116], "promote": [118], "\"good": [120], "state\"": [121], "for": [122, 141], "(i.e.,": [125], "it": [128], "would": [129], "choose).": [130], "For": [131], "approach,": [133], "discuss": [135], "preference": [136], "tests": [137], "their": [139], "implications": [140], "research,": [143], "teaching,": [144], "aquarism,": [145], "fishing.": [147]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2}], "updated_date": "2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1834036968", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002276", "title": "Why Do We Feel Sick When Infected\u2014Can Altruism Play a Role?", "display_name": "Why Do We Feel Sick When Infected\u2014Can Altruism Play a Role?", "relevance_score": 167.03062, "publication_year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-10-16", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1834036968", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002276", "mag": "1834036968", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26474156"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002276", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002276", "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002276&type=printable", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S154343897", "display_name": "PLoS Biology", "issn_l": "1544-9173", "issn": ["1544-9173", "1545-7885"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315706", "host_organization_name": "Public Library of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Public Library of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "PLOS Biology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002276&type=printable", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5014479079", "display_name": "Keren Shakhar", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I25623903", "display_name": "College of Management Academic Studies", "ror": "https://ror.org/03wmj4s33", "country_code": "IL", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I25623903"]}], "countries": ["IL"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Keren Shakhar", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Psychology, College of Management Academic Studies, Rishon LeZion, Israel"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Psychology, College of Management Academic Studies, Rishon LeZion, Israel", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I25623903"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5075140332", "display_name": "Guy Shakhar", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0610-6995"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I53964585", "display_name": "Weizmann Institute of Science", "ror": "https://ror.org/0316ej306", "country_code": "IL", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}], "countries": ["IL"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Guy Shakhar", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel", "Department of Immunology, Weizmann institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Immunology, Weizmann institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": {"value": 5500, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 5500}, "apc_paid": {"value": 5500, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 5500}, "fwci": 20.2458, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 91, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99062286, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "13", "issue": "10", "first_page": "e1002276", "last_page": "e1002276"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11252", "display_name": "Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation", "score": 0.9415000081062317, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11252", "display_name": "Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation", "score": 0.9415000081062317, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11541", "display_name": "Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior", "score": 0.935699999332428, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10410", "display_name": "COVID-19 epidemiological studies", "score": 0.9132000207901001, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2611", "display_name": "Modeling and Simulation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.9183023571968079}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/altruism", "display_name": "Altruism (biology)", "score": 0.5452549457550049}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/disease", "display_name": "Disease", "score": 0.5286341905593872}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/anorexia", "display_name": "Anorexia", "score": 0.5160377025604248}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sickness-behavior", "display_name": "Sickness behavior", "score": 0.4720628559589386}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance", "display_name": "Resistance (ecology)", "score": 0.46591639518737793}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/predation", "display_name": "Predation", "score": 0.4483548104763031}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/kin-selection", "display_name": "Kin selection", "score": 0.4214341640472412}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology", "display_name": "Immunology", "score": 0.3175314664840698}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "score": 0.29425477981567383}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology", "display_name": "Ecology", "score": 0.2935061454772949}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system", "display_name": "Immune system", "score": 0.23333323001861572}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.9183023571968079}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780279448", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2559380", "display_name": "Altruism (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5452549457550049}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779134260", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136", "display_name": "Disease", "level": 2, "score": 0.5286341905593872}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778654693", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254327", "display_name": "Anorexia", "level": 2, "score": 0.5160377025604248}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138906646", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7507668", "display_name": "Sickness behavior", "level": 3, "score": 0.4720628559589386}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C57473165", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604", "display_name": "Resistance (ecology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.46591639518737793}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188382862", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170430", "display_name": "Predation", "level": 2, "score": 0.4483548104763031}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C23714114", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741598", "display_name": "Kin selection", "level": 2, "score": 0.4214341640472412}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C203014093", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929", "display_name": "Immunology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3175314664840698}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.29425477981567383}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.2935061454772949}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8891405", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059", "display_name": "Immune system", "level": 2, "score": 0.23333323001861572}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000533", "descriptor_name": "Altruism", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000533", "descriptor_name": "Altruism", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000533", "descriptor_name": "Altruism", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000533", "descriptor_name": "Altruism", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001294", "descriptor_name": "Attitude to Health", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001294", "descriptor_name": "Attitude to Health", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001294", "descriptor_name": "Attitude to Health", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001294", "descriptor_name": "Attitude to Health", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005075", "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005075", "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005075", "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005075", "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007239", "descriptor_name": "Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000276", "qualifier_name": "immunology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007239", "descriptor_name": "Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000276", "qualifier_name": "immunology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007239", "descriptor_name": "Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000276", "qualifier_name": "immunology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007239", "descriptor_name": "Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000276", "qualifier_name": "immunology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007239", "descriptor_name": "Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000503", "qualifier_name": "physiopathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007239", "descriptor_name": "Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000503", "qualifier_name": "physiopathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007239", "descriptor_name": "Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000503", "qualifier_name": "physiopathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007239", "descriptor_name": "Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000503", "qualifier_name": "physiopathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007239", "descriptor_name": "Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007239", "descriptor_name": "Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007239", "descriptor_name": "Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007239", "descriptor_name": "Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008954", "descriptor_name": "Models, Biological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008954", "descriptor_name": "Models, Biological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008954", "descriptor_name": "Models, Biological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008954", "descriptor_name": "Models, Biological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012803", "descriptor_name": "Sick Role", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012803", "descriptor_name": "Sick Role", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012803", "descriptor_name": "Sick Role", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012803", "descriptor_name": "Sick Role", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017053", "descriptor_name": "Infection Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017053", "descriptor_name": "Infection Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017053", "descriptor_name": "Infection Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017053", "descriptor_name": "Infection Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017281", "descriptor_name": "Cost of Illness", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017281", "descriptor_name": "Cost of Illness", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017281", "descriptor_name": "Cost of Illness", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017281", "descriptor_name": "Cost of Illness", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055809", "descriptor_name": "Illness Behavior", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055809", "descriptor_name": "Illness Behavior", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055809", "descriptor_name": "Illness Behavior", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055809", "descriptor_name": "Illness Behavior", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002276", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002276", "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002276&type=printable", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S154343897", "display_name": "PLoS Biology", "issn_l": "1544-9173", "issn": ["1544-9173", "1545-7885"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315706", "host_organization_name": "Public Library of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Public Library of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "PLOS Biology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:26474156", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26474156", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "PLoS biology", "raw_type": "Journal Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3594577", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4608734", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fabea7c8b34e4b6f8354ac49f577ff4c", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/fabea7c8b34e4b6f8354ac49f577ff4c", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "PLoS Biology, Vol 13, Iss 10, p e1002276 (2015)", "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002276", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002276", "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002276&type=printable", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S154343897", "display_name": "PLoS Biology", "issn_l": "1544-9173", "issn": ["1544-9173", "1545-7885"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315706", "host_organization_name": "Public Library of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Public Library of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "PLOS Biology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1834036968.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1834036968.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 94, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W15560295", "https://openalex.org/W205762507", "https://openalex.org/W1572554526", "https://openalex.org/W1598269265", "https://openalex.org/W1736662845", "https://openalex.org/W1960422292", "https://openalex.org/W1964562331", "https://openalex.org/W1974975146", "https://openalex.org/W1976768055", "https://openalex.org/W1979363967", "https://openalex.org/W1980132403", "https://openalex.org/W1980808433", "https://openalex.org/W1982873334", "https://openalex.org/W1984789768", "https://openalex.org/W1984790714", "https://openalex.org/W1988821718", "https://openalex.org/W1992728560", "https://openalex.org/W1993258961", "https://openalex.org/W1995084973", "https://openalex.org/W1996826305", "https://openalex.org/W1997326090", "https://openalex.org/W1998934836", "https://openalex.org/W1999934268", "https://openalex.org/W2007743558", "https://openalex.org/W2008516030", "https://openalex.org/W2009090941", "https://openalex.org/W2009878128", "https://openalex.org/W2012861993", "https://openalex.org/W2013864469", "https://openalex.org/W2018644687", "https://openalex.org/W2021497905", "https://openalex.org/W2022151681", "https://openalex.org/W2023637447", "https://openalex.org/W2028162541", "https://openalex.org/W2035047526", "https://openalex.org/W2036821863", "https://openalex.org/W2037014043", "https://openalex.org/W2037566009", "https://openalex.org/W2038466049", "https://openalex.org/W2038909595", "https://openalex.org/W2043931994", "https://openalex.org/W2046349564", "https://openalex.org/W2049607788", "https://openalex.org/W2052278610", "https://openalex.org/W2055701378", "https://openalex.org/W2056749896", "https://openalex.org/W2060476645", "https://openalex.org/W2061035099", "https://openalex.org/W2063792498", "https://openalex.org/W2064986614", "https://openalex.org/W2065514611", "https://openalex.org/W2067461984", "https://openalex.org/W2070156683", "https://openalex.org/W2081901688", "https://openalex.org/W2082661202", "https://openalex.org/W2086213088", "https://openalex.org/W2087816057", "https://openalex.org/W2090897211", "https://openalex.org/W2091975706", "https://openalex.org/W2092528283", "https://openalex.org/W2095185394", "https://openalex.org/W2096145431", "https://openalex.org/W2096227780", "https://openalex.org/W2096478498", "https://openalex.org/W2096615733", "https://openalex.org/W2099555137", "https://openalex.org/W2103553099", "https://openalex.org/W2109151729", "https://openalex.org/W2110150274", "https://openalex.org/W2119950877", "https://openalex.org/W2125454666", "https://openalex.org/W2126795224", "https://openalex.org/W2132121454", "https://openalex.org/W2135328339", "https://openalex.org/W2135333105", "https://openalex.org/W2140081605", "https://openalex.org/W2140763962", "https://openalex.org/W2142336069", "https://openalex.org/W2146907337", "https://openalex.org/W2148296161", "https://openalex.org/W2150849085", "https://openalex.org/W2152475163", "https://openalex.org/W2153554966", "https://openalex.org/W2155274508", "https://openalex.org/W2157268264", "https://openalex.org/W2161620412", "https://openalex.org/W2162005565", "https://openalex.org/W2162929156", "https://openalex.org/W2168677479", "https://openalex.org/W2171351237", "https://openalex.org/W2189415567", "https://openalex.org/W2576004467", "https://openalex.org/W4210974278", "https://openalex.org/W4237542790"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2109151729", "https://openalex.org/W2732483096", "https://openalex.org/W2118404241", "https://openalex.org/W2347715801", "https://openalex.org/W2084175350", "https://openalex.org/W2172035300", "https://openalex.org/W1659812159", "https://openalex.org/W653576920", "https://openalex.org/W2015293245", "https://openalex.org/W2016278730"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"When": [0], "we": [1, 5], "contract": [2], "an": [3], "infection,": [4], "typically": [6], "feel": [7], "sick": [8], "and": [9, 21, 39, 41, 50, 67, 69], "behave": [10], "accordingly.": [11], "Symptoms": [12], "of": [13, 48, 90], "sickness": [14], "behavior": [15], "(SB)": [16], "include": [17], "anorexia,": [18], "hypersomnia,": [19], "depression,": [20], "reduced": [22], "social": [23], "interactions.": [24], "SB": [25, 60, 75], "affects": [26], "species": [27], "spanning": [28], "from": [29], "arthropods": [30], "to": [31, 86, 101], "vertebrates,": [32], "is": [33, 42], "triggered": [34], "nonspecifically": [35], "by": [36, 44], "viruses,": [37], "bacteria,": [38], "parasites,": [40], "orchestrated": [43], "a": [45], "complex": [46], "network": [47], "cytokines": [49], "neuroendocrine": [51], "pathways;": [52], "clearly,": [53], "it": [54, 64], "has": [55], "been": [56], "naturally": [57], "selected.": [58], "Nonetheless,": [59], "seems": [61], "evolutionarily": [62], "costly:": [63], "promotes": [65], "starvation": [66], "predation": [68], "reduces": [70], "reproductive": [71], "opportunities.": [72], "How": [73], "could": [74], "persist?": [76], "Former": [77], "explanations": [78], "focused": [79], "on": [80], "individual": [81], "fitness,": [82], "invoking": [83], "improved": [84], "resistance": [85], "pathogens.": [87], "Could": [88], "prevention": [89], "disease": [91], "transmission,": [92], "propagating": [93], "in": [94], "populations": [95], "through": [96], "kin": [97], "selection,": [98], "also": [99], "contribute": [100], "SB?": [102]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 16}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3}], "updated_date": "2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2947929494", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12373", "title": "Effective monitoring of freshwater fish", "display_name": "Effective monitoring of freshwater fish", "relevance_score": 165.09126, "publication_year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-05-29", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2947929494", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12373", "mag": "2947929494"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1111/faf.12373", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12373", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S103284624", "display_name": "Fish and Fisheries", "issn_l": "1467-2960", "issn": ["1467-2960", "1467-2979"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Fish and Fisheries", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/32177/1/Effective%20monitoring%20of%20freshwater%20fish_accepted%20version.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5001785265", "display_name": "Johannes Radinger", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-9464"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I251424209", "display_name": "Universitat de Girona", "ror": "https://ror.org/01xdxns91", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}], "countries": ["ES"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Johannes Radinger", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology University of Girona Girona Spain", "GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-9464", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology University of Girona Girona Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5033746540", "display_name": "J. Robert Britton", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-3086"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I9300472", "display_name": "Bournemouth University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05wwcw481", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I9300472"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. Robert Britton", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Faculty of Science and Technology Bournemouth University Poole Dorset UK", "Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, UK"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Faculty of Science and Technology Bournemouth University Poole Dorset UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I9300472"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I9300472"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5083253639", "display_name": "Stephanie M. Carlson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3055-6483"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Stephanie M. Carlson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley California", "Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3055-6483", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley California", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5017333664", "display_name": "Anne E. Magurran", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0036-2795"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I16835326", "display_name": "University of St Andrews", "ror": "https://ror.org/02wn5qz54", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Anne E. Magurran", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews UK", "Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0036-2795", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029391418", "display_name": "Juan Diego Alcaraz\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-6695"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I251424209", "display_name": "Universitat de Girona", "ror": "https://ror.org/01xdxns91", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}], "countries": ["ES"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Juan Diego Alcaraz\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology University of Girona Girona Spain", "GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-6695", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology University of Girona Girona Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029714618", "display_name": "Ana Almod\u00f3var", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1465-3857"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I121748325", "display_name": "Universidad Complutense de Madrid", "ror": "https://ror.org/02p0gd045", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]}], "countries": ["ES"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ana Almod\u00f3var", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain", "Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1465-3857", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5053032876", "display_name": "Llu\u00eds Benejam", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2741-4858"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I115304662", "display_name": "Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya", "ror": "https://ror.org/006zjws59", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115304662"]}], "countries": ["ES"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Llu\u00eds Benejam", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Aquatic Ecology Group University of Vic \u2013 Central University of Catalonia Vic Spain"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2741-4858", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Aquatic Ecology Group University of Vic \u2013 Central University of Catalonia Vic Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I115304662"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038318403", "display_name": "Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Delgado", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1359-435X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I53110688", "display_name": "University of C\u00f3rdoba", "ror": "https://ror.org/05yc77b46", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}], "countries": ["ES"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Delgado", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Departamento de Zoolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Spain"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1359-435X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Departamento de Zoolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068515934", "display_name": "Graciela G. Nicola", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6898-307X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I79189158", "display_name": "University of Castilla-La Mancha", "ror": "https://ror.org/05r78ng12", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}], "countries": ["ES"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Graciela G. Nicola", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Environmental Sciences University of Castilla\u2010La Mancha Toledo Spain", "Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6898-307X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Environmental Sciences University of Castilla\u2010La Mancha Toledo Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002695579", "display_name": "Francisco J. Oliva\u2010Paterna", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-5321"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I80180929", "display_name": "Universidad de Murcia", "ror": "https://ror.org/03p3aeb86", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}], "countries": ["ES"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Francisco J. Oliva\u2010Paterna", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Departamento de Zoolog\u00eda y Antropolog\u00eda F\u00edsica Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Departamento de Zoolog\u00eda y Antropolog\u00eda F\u00edsica Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5053261304", "display_name": "Mar Torralva", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1517-3337"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I80180929", "display_name": "Universidad de Murcia", "ror": "https://ror.org/03p3aeb86", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}], "countries": ["ES"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mar Torralva", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Departamento de Zoolog\u00eda y Antropolog\u00eda F\u00edsica Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Departamento de Zoolog\u00eda y Antropolog\u00eda F\u00edsica Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I80180929"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022742149", "display_name": "Emili Garc\u00eda\u2010Berthou", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8412-741X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I251424209", "display_name": "Universitat de Girona", "ror": "https://ror.org/01xdxns91", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}], "countries": ["ES"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Emili Garc\u00eda\u2010Berthou", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology University of Girona Girona Spain", "GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8412-741X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology University of Girona Girona Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 3, "institutions_distinct_count": 9, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5001785265"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I251424209"], "apc_list": {"value": 4300, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4300}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 21.293, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 198, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99717503, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 97, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "20", "issue": "4", "first_page": "729", "last_page": "747"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10302", "display_name": "Fish Ecology and Management Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2309", "display_name": "Nature and Landscape Conservation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10302", "display_name": "Fish Ecology and Management Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2309", "display_name": "Nature and Landscape Conservation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12640", "display_name": "Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies", "score": 0.9984999895095825, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303", "display_name": "Ecology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12014", "display_name": "Fish biology, ecology, and behavior", "score": 0.991100013256073, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2309", "display_name": "Nature and Landscape Conservation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/threatened-species", "display_name": "Threatened species", "score": 0.7952459454536438}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/freshwater-fish", "display_name": "Freshwater fish", "score": 0.6993715167045593}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/freshwater-ecosystem", "display_name": "Freshwater ecosystem", "score": 0.6866067051887512}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity", "display_name": "Biodiversity", "score": 0.6029144525527954}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management", "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "score": 0.5671559572219849}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat", "display_name": "Habitat", "score": 0.5308759212493896}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-monitoring", "display_name": "Environmental monitoring", "score": 0.4907704293727875}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-change", "display_name": "Environmental change", "score": 0.4670848846435547}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat-destruction", "display_name": "Habitat destruction", "score": 0.42529797554016113}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology", "display_name": "Ecology", "score": 0.413018137216568}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem", "display_name": "Ecosystem", "score": 0.411073237657547}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change", "display_name": "Climate change", "score": 0.38798558712005615}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-planning", "display_name": "Environmental planning", "score": 0.3420000374317169}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science", "display_name": "Environmental science", "score": 0.3288852870464325}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery", "display_name": "Fishery", "score": 0.29114383459091187}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.28378549218177795}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.19473576545715332}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C24518262", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16197023", "display_name": "Threatened species", "level": 3, "score": 0.7952459454536438}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776654248", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072742", "display_name": "Freshwater fish", "level": 3, "score": 0.6993715167045593}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C46685645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2890135", "display_name": "Freshwater ecosystem", "level": 3, "score": 0.6866067051887512}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C130217890", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041", "display_name": "Biodiversity", "level": 2, "score": 0.6029144525527954}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380", "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "level": 1, "score": 0.5671559572219849}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185933670", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105", "display_name": "Habitat", "level": 2, "score": 0.5308759212493896}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C539469273", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749732", "display_name": "Environmental monitoring", "level": 2, "score": 0.4907704293727875}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C16989226", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16934857", "display_name": "Environmental change", "level": 3, "score": 0.4670848846435547}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C64229544", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552431", "display_name": "Habitat destruction", "level": 3, "score": 0.42529797554016113}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.413018137216568}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C110872660", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813", "display_name": "Ecosystem", "level": 2, "score": 0.411073237657547}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C132651083", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942", "display_name": "Climate change", "level": 2, "score": 0.38798558712005615}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274", "display_name": "Environmental planning", "level": 1, "score": 0.3420000374317169}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847", "display_name": "Environmental science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3288852870464325}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.29114383459091187}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.28378549218177795}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.19473576545715332}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 6, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1111/faf.12373", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12373", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S103284624", "display_name": "Fish and Fisheries", "issn_l": "1467-2960", "issn": ["1467-2960", "1467-2979"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Fish and Fisheries", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk:32177", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/32177/1/Effective%20monitoring%20of%20freshwater%20fish_accepted%20version.pdf", "pdf_url": "http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/32177/1/Effective%20monitoring%20of%20freshwater%20fish_accepted%20version.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400187", "display_name": "Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I9300472", "host_organization_name": "Bournemouth University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I9300472"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:www.ucm.es:58173", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://eprints.ucm.es/58173/1/Radinger%2C%20Joahannes%20et%20al.%202019.%20Effective%20monitoring....pdf", "pdf_url": "https://eprints.ucm.es/58173/1/Radinger%2C%20Joahannes%20et%20al.%202019.%20Effective%20monitoring....pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400298", "display_name": "Library Open Repository (Universidad Complutense Madrid)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I121748325", "host_organization_name": "Universidad Complutense de Madrid", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I121748325"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:dnet:dugidocsuniv::b0e102c1755b1e3520a5cc3069252bda", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10256/16628", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402641", "display_name": "LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4383465926", "host_organization_name": "LA Referencia", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "public-domain", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:recercat.cat:2072/373450", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2072/373450", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402147", "display_name": "RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4210090028", "host_organization_name": "Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/20009", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/10023/20009", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400230", "display_name": "St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I16835326", "host_organization_name": "University of St Andrews", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16835326"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Journal article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk:32177", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/32177/1/Effective%20monitoring%20of%20freshwater%20fish_accepted%20version.pdf", "pdf_url": "http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/32177/1/Effective%20monitoring%20of%20freshwater%20fish_accepted%20version.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400187", "display_name": "Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I9300472", "host_organization_name": "Bournemouth University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I9300472"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15", "display_name": "Life in Land", "score": 0.5699999928474426}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G1569377887", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2014-SGR-484", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321505", "funder_display_name": "Generalitat de Catalunya"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5024589143", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2017 SGR 548", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321505", "funder_display_name": "Generalitat de Catalunya"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321505", "display_name": "Generalitat de Catalunya", "ror": "https://ror.org/01bg62x04"}], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947929494.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947929494.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 258, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2933310", "https://openalex.org/W23331595", "https://openalex.org/W43523168", "https://openalex.org/W48771956", "https://openalex.org/W119903636", "https://openalex.org/W166783445", "https://openalex.org/W204164260", "https://openalex.org/W249752298", "https://openalex.org/W597844388", "https://openalex.org/W630235561", "https://openalex.org/W631568356", "https://openalex.org/W1223651872", "https://openalex.org/W1237513246", "https://openalex.org/W1489838709", "https://openalex.org/W1491375699", "https://openalex.org/W1496178712", "https://openalex.org/W1500471333", "https://openalex.org/W1513215516", "https://openalex.org/W1513596046", "https://openalex.org/W1543629089", "https://openalex.org/W1544456996", "https://openalex.org/W1552342091", "https://openalex.org/W1573938368", "https://openalex.org/W1581877149", "https://openalex.org/W1594998770", "https://openalex.org/W1596209013", "https://openalex.org/W1634081729", "https://openalex.org/W1641939793", "https://openalex.org/W1686345006", "https://openalex.org/W1811340346", "https://openalex.org/W1831887101", "https://openalex.org/W1868235866", "https://openalex.org/W1892916133", "https://openalex.org/W1895164393", "https://openalex.org/W1898310909", "https://openalex.org/W1905207763", "https://openalex.org/W1909333276", "https://openalex.org/W1923564151", "https://openalex.org/W1936774573", "https://openalex.org/W1939292940", "https://openalex.org/W1949677931", "https://openalex.org/W1952066190", "https://openalex.org/W1965738896", "https://openalex.org/W1967574201", "https://openalex.org/W1968617982", "https://openalex.org/W1969790497", "https://openalex.org/W1970332207", "https://openalex.org/W1971406989", "https://openalex.org/W1976204543", "https://openalex.org/W1977218673", "https://openalex.org/W1978939003", "https://openalex.org/W1982512880", "https://openalex.org/W1982746850", "https://openalex.org/W1982826806", "https://openalex.org/W1984282885", "https://openalex.org/W1989147523", "https://openalex.org/W1991752609", "https://openalex.org/W1992978155", "https://openalex.org/W1993825744", "https://openalex.org/W1993933742", "https://openalex.org/W1994092389", "https://openalex.org/W1994462451", "https://openalex.org/W1995134423", "https://openalex.org/W1996492313", "https://openalex.org/W1999604224", "https://openalex.org/W2000091035", "https://openalex.org/W2001226732", "https://openalex.org/W2004611760", "https://openalex.org/W2005269734", "https://openalex.org/W2005629649", "https://openalex.org/W2013138857", "https://openalex.org/W2013543951", "https://openalex.org/W2013659648", "https://openalex.org/W2014444740", "https://openalex.org/W2015053255", "https://openalex.org/W2016520971", "https://openalex.org/W2018584279", "https://openalex.org/W2020042880", "https://openalex.org/W2026416225", "https://openalex.org/W2028256931", "https://openalex.org/W2031945194", "https://openalex.org/W2033271338", "https://openalex.org/W2033452577", "https://openalex.org/W2033788896", "https://openalex.org/W2034294973", "https://openalex.org/W2034525890", "https://openalex.org/W2036722291", "https://openalex.org/W2037620269", "https://openalex.org/W2037693070", "https://openalex.org/W2041936850", "https://openalex.org/W2042145774", "https://openalex.org/W2043985777", "https://openalex.org/W2044189482", "https://openalex.org/W2045328330", "https://openalex.org/W2046022262", "https://openalex.org/W2050240782", "https://openalex.org/W2050529257", "https://openalex.org/W2051168702", "https://openalex.org/W2051782740", "https://openalex.org/W2052867024", "https://openalex.org/W2056287214", "https://openalex.org/W2056969597", "https://openalex.org/W2059467084", "https://openalex.org/W2060548384", "https://openalex.org/W2063078762", "https://openalex.org/W2063726689", "https://openalex.org/W2065412713", "https://openalex.org/W2067699119", "https://openalex.org/W2067812964", "https://openalex.org/W2068560743", "https://openalex.org/W2069124619", "https://openalex.org/W2071289563", "https://openalex.org/W2071499317", "https://openalex.org/W2071640985", "https://openalex.org/W2072568153", "https://openalex.org/W2073145164", "https://openalex.org/W2074692765", "https://openalex.org/W2076381052", "https://openalex.org/W2078074674", "https://openalex.org/W2079558679", "https://openalex.org/W2080439372", "https://openalex.org/W2080465551", "https://openalex.org/W2080698772", "https://openalex.org/W2081428836", "https://openalex.org/W2083020428", "https://openalex.org/W2083358939", "https://openalex.org/W2085869322", "https://openalex.org/W2089569499", "https://openalex.org/W2091601478", "https://openalex.org/W2096133149", "https://openalex.org/W2098000995", "https://openalex.org/W2100761409", "https://openalex.org/W2101108737", "https://openalex.org/W2101979297", "https://openalex.org/W2102014164", "https://openalex.org/W2102843713", "https://openalex.org/W2105385879", "https://openalex.org/W2106585861", "https://openalex.org/W2107140090", "https://openalex.org/W2107794977", "https://openalex.org/W2109676874", "https://openalex.org/W2110604279", "https://openalex.org/W2111817294", "https://openalex.org/W2116665868", "https://openalex.org/W2118639768", "https://openalex.org/W2123073712", "https://openalex.org/W2123118001", "https://openalex.org/W2123892517", "https://openalex.org/W2123925606", "https://openalex.org/W2126971895", "https://openalex.org/W2128702320", "https://openalex.org/W2128728631", "https://openalex.org/W2129477522", "https://openalex.org/W2130416912", "https://openalex.org/W2132236252", "https://openalex.org/W2133016961", "https://openalex.org/W2133319490", "https://openalex.org/W2134567823", "https://openalex.org/W2136086563", "https://openalex.org/W2137803725", "https://openalex.org/W2140042122", "https://openalex.org/W2141049972", "https://openalex.org/W2141088559", "https://openalex.org/W2141179861", "https://openalex.org/W2141207183", "https://openalex.org/W2142369829", "https://openalex.org/W2142564731", "https://openalex.org/W2143638411", "https://openalex.org/W2145472614", "https://openalex.org/W2145749461", "https://openalex.org/W2146048484", "https://openalex.org/W2147449554", "https://openalex.org/W2149042408", "https://openalex.org/W2149405676", "https://openalex.org/W2149759469", "https://openalex.org/W2151313660", "https://openalex.org/W2154500807", "https://openalex.org/W2155403334", "https://openalex.org/W2155694568", "https://openalex.org/W2155706404", "https://openalex.org/W2155766774", "https://openalex.org/W2157049518", "https://openalex.org/W2158833271", "https://openalex.org/W2158963429", "https://openalex.org/W2161029489", "https://openalex.org/W2163018736", "https://openalex.org/W2163290397", "https://openalex.org/W2164306581", "https://openalex.org/W2166158858", "https://openalex.org/W2167040687", "https://openalex.org/W2168164420", "https://openalex.org/W2171061836", "https://openalex.org/W2171661264", "https://openalex.org/W2171783890", "https://openalex.org/W2179000687", "https://openalex.org/W2184991344", "https://openalex.org/W2195033543", "https://openalex.org/W2220054153", "https://openalex.org/W2252962605", "https://openalex.org/W2283994418", "https://openalex.org/W2291867539", "https://openalex.org/W2297100025", "https://openalex.org/W2329540589", "https://openalex.org/W2332284005", "https://openalex.org/W2337259322", "https://openalex.org/W2460850757", "https://openalex.org/W2463529867", "https://openalex.org/W2464470343", "https://openalex.org/W2465041579", "https://openalex.org/W2473099452", "https://openalex.org/W2473801385", "https://openalex.org/W2488520097", "https://openalex.org/W2499406097", "https://openalex.org/W2504274725", "https://openalex.org/W2507090955", "https://openalex.org/W2512165216", "https://openalex.org/W2513486863", "https://openalex.org/W2525116809", "https://openalex.org/W2530164781", "https://openalex.org/W2531864269", "https://openalex.org/W2552727579", "https://openalex.org/W2557676516", "https://openalex.org/W2560743993", "https://openalex.org/W2581550737", "https://openalex.org/W2582743722", "https://openalex.org/W2588881036", "https://openalex.org/W2590721987", "https://openalex.org/W2592997179", "https://openalex.org/W2623940995", "https://openalex.org/W2738345813", "https://openalex.org/W2748579291", "https://openalex.org/W2758770622", "https://openalex.org/W2761539421", "https://openalex.org/W2762006043", "https://openalex.org/W2764321678", "https://openalex.org/W2784970533", "https://openalex.org/W2786336328", "https://openalex.org/W2788795263", "https://openalex.org/W2802304948", "https://openalex.org/W2804211938", "https://openalex.org/W2808272619", "https://openalex.org/W2883512297", "https://openalex.org/W2921587341", "https://openalex.org/W3137224376", "https://openalex.org/W4213385360", "https://openalex.org/W4231532001", "https://openalex.org/W4233109332", "https://openalex.org/W4237484455", "https://openalex.org/W4241620821", "https://openalex.org/W4245399135", "https://openalex.org/W4246831625", "https://openalex.org/W4251686079", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W4298189154", "https://openalex.org/W4299541734", "https://openalex.org/W4388284247", "https://openalex.org/W6681363446", "https://openalex.org/W6940699524"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4225925735", "https://openalex.org/W1892231962", "https://openalex.org/W1907347867", "https://openalex.org/W4379415860", "https://openalex.org/W3094178456", "https://openalex.org/W4391879832", "https://openalex.org/W4317494913", "https://openalex.org/W2074812659", "https://openalex.org/W3185668319", "https://openalex.org/W3008823961"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Abstract": [0], "Freshwater": [1], "ecosystems": [2, 231], "constitute": [3], "only": [4, 119], "a": [5, 87], "small": [6], "fraction": [7], "of": [8, 16, 60, 66, 86, 93, 101, 113, 143, 156, 223, 239], "the": [9, 64, 84, 99, 141, 145, 153, 224, 228], "planet's": [10], "water": [11], "resources,": [12], "yet": [13], "support": [14], "much": [15], "its": [17], "diversity,": [18], "with": [19, 57], "freshwater": [20, 73, 158, 212, 230], "fish": [21, 159, 213], "accounting": [22], "for": [23, 121], "more": [24], "species": [25, 89], "than": [26], "birds,": [27], "mammals,": [28], "amphibians": [29], "or": [30, 104], "reptiles.": [31], "Fresh": [32], "waters": [33], "are,": [34], "however,": [35], "particularly": [36], "vulnerable": [37], "to": [38, 71, 164, 218], "anthropogenic": [39], "impacts,": [40], "including": [41, 82], "habitat": [42], "loss,": [43], "climate": [44], "and": [45, 50, 68, 129, 151, 183, 200, 232], "land": [46], "use": [47], "change,": [48, 62], "pollution": [49], "biological": [51], "invasions.": [52], "This": [53, 137], "environmental": [54, 241], "degradation,": [55], "combined": [56], "unprecedented": [58], "rates": [59], "biodiversity": [61], "highlights": [63, 140], "importance": [65, 142], "robust": [67], "replicable": [69], "programmes": [70, 77, 117, 150, 190, 220], "monitor": [72], "fish.": [74], "Such": [75], "monitoring": [76, 116, 149, 187, 195], "can": [78, 133, 161], "have": [79, 125], "diverse": [80], "aims,": [81], "confirming": [83], "presence": [85], "single": [88], "(e.g.,": [90], "early": [91], "detection": [92], "alien": [94], "species),": [95], "tracking": [96], "changes": [97, 108], "in": [98, 109, 148, 185, 202, 211, 237], "abundance": [100], "threatened": [102], "species,": [103], "documenting": [105], "long\u2010term": [106], "temporal": [107], "entire": [110], "communities.": [111], "Irrespective": [112], "their": [114, 186], "motivation,": [115], "are": [118, 197], "fit": [120], "purpose": [122], "if": [123], "they": [124], "clearly": [126], "articulated": [127], "aims": [128, 147, 217], "collect": [130], "data": [131, 196], "that": [132, 160, 170, 193, 204, 226], "meet": [134, 165], "those": [135], "aims.": [136, 167], "review,": [138], "therefore,": [139], "identifying": [144], "key": [146], "outlines": [152], "different": [154], "methods": [155], "sampling": [157, 176], "be": [162], "used": [163], "these": [166, 235], "We": [168], "emphasize": [169], "investigators": [171], "must": [172, 191], "address": [173], "issues": [174], "around": [175], "design,": [177], "statistical": [178], "power,": [179], "species\u2019": [180], "detectability,": [181], "taxonomy": [182], "ethics": [184], "programmes.": [188], "Additionally,": [189], "ensure": [192], "high\u2010quality": [194], "properly": [198], "curated": [199], "deposited": [201], "repositories": [203], "will": [205], "endure.": [206], "Through": [207], "fostering": [208], "improved": [209], "practice": [210], "monitoring,": [214], "this": [215], "review": [216], "help": [219, 233], "improve": [221], "understanding": [222], "processes": [225], "shape": [227], "Earth's": [229], "protect": [234], "systems": [236], "face": [238], "rapid": [240], "change.": [242]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 31}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 33}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 34}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 24}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 27}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 25}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4}], "updated_date": "2026-09-05T08:02:43.246662", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2200053444", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1048", "title": "Anthropomorphic denial of fish pain", "display_name": "Anthropomorphic denial of fish pain", "relevance_score": 161.9128, "publication_year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2200053444", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1048", "mag": "2200053444"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1048", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1048", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "diamond", "oa_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048&context=animsent", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5028365961", "display_name": "Lynne U. Sneddon", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-3948"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I146655781", "display_name": "University of Liverpool", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xs57h96", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lynne U. Sneddon", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Liverpool"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Liverpool", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5000865051", "display_name": "Matthew C. Leach", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7148-0158"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I84884186", "display_name": "Newcastle University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01kj2bm70", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Matthew C. Leach", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Newcastle University"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Newcastle University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 17.705, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 33, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.98869989, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "1", "issue": "3", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12596", "display_name": "Cephalopods and Marine Biology", "score": 0.9789999723434448, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1105", "display_name": "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12596", "display_name": "Cephalopods and Marine Biology", "score": 0.9789999723434448, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1105", "display_name": "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12388", "display_name": "Identification and Quantification in Food", "score": 0.9585000276565552, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10699", "display_name": "Primate Behavior and Ecology", "score": 0.9458000063896179, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/denial", "display_name": "Denial", "score": 0.7720421552658081}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.7141441106796265}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/key", "display_name": "Key (lock)", "score": 0.5894779562950134}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-evidence", "display_name": "Empirical evidence", "score": 0.4645886719226837}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.4638654589653015}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cites", "display_name": "CITES", "score": 0.42181718349456787}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "score": 0.32127052545547485}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.2151680588722229}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.20368769764900208}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology", "display_name": "Ecology", "score": 0.1868845820426941}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychoanalysis", "display_name": "Psychoanalysis", "score": 0.17386263608932495}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery", "display_name": "Fishery", "score": 0.16321438550949097}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.0900111198425293}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780900520", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100268981", "display_name": "Denial", "level": 2, "score": 0.7720421552658081}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.7141441106796265}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26517878", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039", "display_name": "Key (lock)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5894779562950134}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166052673", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021", "display_name": "Empirical evidence", "level": 2, "score": 0.4645886719226837}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.4638654589653015}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95803793", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191836", "display_name": "CITES", "level": 2, "score": 0.42181718349456787}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.32127052545547485}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.2151680588722229}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.20368769764900208}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.1868845820426941}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11171543", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630", "display_name": "Psychoanalysis", "level": 1, "score": 0.17386263608932495}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.16321438550949097}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0900111198425293}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1048", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1048", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:animalstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1048", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/28", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:13b16b6e3ec04b2da5ac643ef062641e", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/13b16b6e3ec04b2da5ac643ef062641e", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience, Vol 1, Iss 3 (2016)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1048", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/28", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1048", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1048", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2200053444.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2200053444.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 21, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1472838430", "https://openalex.org/W1564404714", "https://openalex.org/W1766627513", "https://openalex.org/W1968936335", "https://openalex.org/W1969839850", "https://openalex.org/W2003527192", "https://openalex.org/W2004791591", "https://openalex.org/W2043218081", "https://openalex.org/W2050821913", "https://openalex.org/W2056245235", "https://openalex.org/W2065666729", "https://openalex.org/W2073242833", "https://openalex.org/W2142369829", "https://openalex.org/W2190539974", "https://openalex.org/W2191626018", "https://openalex.org/W6650718019", "https://openalex.org/W6651469801", "https://openalex.org/W6662857481", "https://openalex.org/W6666805567", "https://openalex.org/W6687464154", "https://openalex.org/W6818069220"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4251029553", "https://openalex.org/W2436357665", "https://openalex.org/W4232717460", "https://openalex.org/W2022702306", "https://openalex.org/W255791531", "https://openalex.org/W2035091929", "https://openalex.org/W2387286477", "https://openalex.org/W3009094716", "https://openalex.org/W3123951218", "https://openalex.org/W4251832544"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Key": [0, 72], "(2016)": [1], "affirms": [2, 30], "that": [3, 24, 31, 40, 51, 61, 75, 93, 122, 154], "we": [4, 69], "do": [5, 98, 158], "not": [6, 59, 99, 149, 159], "know": [7], "how": [8, 71, 130], "the": [9, 41, 44, 53, 81, 101, 131, 142], "fish": [10, 18, 25, 89, 134, 155], "brain": [11, 46, 118], "processes": [12], "pain": [13, 78, 106], "but": [14, 79], "denies": [15], "\u2014": [16, 23, 135, 139], "because": [17], "lack": [19], "a": [20, 36], "human-like": [21], "cortex": [22, 38], "can": [26, 63], "feel": [27, 64, 160], "pain.": [28, 65, 90, 161], "He": [29], "birds,": [32], "like": [33], "fish,": [34, 108], "have": [35], "singly-laminated": [37], "and": [39, 109, 136], "structure": [42], "of": [43, 52, 84, 88, 112, 133, 144], "bird": [45], "is": [47], "quite": [48], "different": [49], "from": [50], "human": [54], "brain,": [55], "yet": [56], "he": [57], "does": [58, 148], "deny": [60], "birds": [62], "In": [66], "this": [67], "commentary": [68], "describe": [70], "cites": [73], "studies": [74], "substantiate": [76], "mammalian": [77], "discounts": [80], "same": [82], "kind": [83], "data": [85, 125], "as": [86], "evidence": [87, 104, 151], "We": [91, 120], "suggest": [92], "Key's": [94], "interpretations": [95], "are": [96, 110, 126], "illogical,": [97], "reflect": [100], "published": [102], "empirical": [103], "for": [105, 152], "in": [107, 156], "out": [111], "touch": [113], "with": [114], "current": [115, 145], "thinking": [116], "on": [117], "evolution.": [119], "agree": [121], "more": [123], "scientific": [124], "needed": [127], "to": [128], "understand": [129], "brains": [132], "other": [137], "organisms": [138], "function.": [140], "But": [141], "incompleteness": [143], "knowledge": [146], "certainly": [147], "constitute": [150], "inferring": [153], "particular": [157]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 16}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 4}], "updated_date": "2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2051771797", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3354/dao075139", "title": "Anthropomorphism and mental welfare of fishes", "display_name": "Anthropomorphism and mental welfare of fishes", "relevance_score": 160.38301, "publication_year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-05-04", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2051771797", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3354/dao075139", "mag": "2051771797", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17578253"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3354/dao075139", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3354/dao075139", "pdf_url": "https://www.int-res.com/articles/dao_oa/d075p139.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S49731288", "display_name": "Diseases of Aquatic Organisms", "issn_l": "0177-5103", "issn": ["0177-5103", "1616-1580"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310313773", "host_organization_name": "Inter-Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310313773"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Inter-Research"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Diseases of Aquatic Organisms", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://www.int-res.com/articles/dao_oa/d075p139.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5028788368", "display_name": "Rose Jd", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I12834331", "display_name": "University of Wyoming", "ror": "https://ror.org/01485tq96", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "JD Rose", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Zoology and Physiology and Neuroscience Program, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA. trout@uwyo.edu", "Department of Zoology and Physiology and Neuroscience Program, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Zoology and Physiology and Neuroscience Program, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA. trout@uwyo.edu", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Zoology and Physiology and Neuroscience Program, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5028788368"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I12834331"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 11.0815, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 132, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.98336905, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 93, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "75", "issue": "2", "first_page": "139", "last_page": "154"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10699", "display_name": "Primate Behavior and Ecology", "score": 0.9907000064849854, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10699", "display_name": "Primate Behavior and Ecology", "score": 0.9907000064849854, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10174", "display_name": "Animal Behavior and Reproduction", "score": 0.9609000086784363, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1105", "display_name": "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10506", "display_name": "Aquaculture disease management and microbiota", "score": 0.9520999789237976, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2403", "display_name": "Immunology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/24", "display_name": "Immunology and Microbiology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling", "display_name": "Feeling", "score": 0.7450073957443237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.5213262438774109}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/vertebrate", "display_name": "Vertebrate", "score": 0.5146306753158569}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare", "display_name": "Welfare", "score": 0.5019018650054932}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sentience", "display_name": "Sentience", "score": 0.47562435269355774}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-welfare", "display_name": "Animal welfare", "score": 0.4431436061859131}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.4310169517993927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology", "display_name": "Ecology", "score": 0.4256210923194885}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/presumption", "display_name": "Presumption", "score": 0.4227513074874878}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.35236066579818726}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-ethics", "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "score": 0.2840832769870758}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology", "display_name": "Social psychology", "score": 0.20600318908691406}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery", "display_name": "Fishery", "score": 0.09428280591964722}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.07585573196411133}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C122980154", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555", "display_name": "Feeling", "level": 2, "score": 0.7450073957443237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.5213262438774109}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778961482", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25241", "display_name": "Vertebrate", "level": 3, "score": 0.5146306753158569}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092", "display_name": "Welfare", "level": 2, "score": 0.5019018650054932}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780865100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488994", "display_name": "Sentience", "level": 2, "score": 0.47562435269355774}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C523966790", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459426", "display_name": "Animal welfare", "level": 2, "score": 0.4431436061859131}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.4310169517993927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4256210923194885}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780253743", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132382", "display_name": "Presumption", "level": 2, "score": 0.4227513074874878}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.35236066579818726}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686", "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "level": 1, "score": 0.2840832769870758}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.20600318908691406}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.09428280591964722}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.07585573196411133}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000827", "descriptor_name": "Animal Welfare", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000827", "descriptor_name": "Animal Welfare", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000827", "descriptor_name": "Animal Welfare", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000827", "descriptor_name": "Animal Welfare", "qualifier_ui": "Q000941", "qualifier_name": "ethics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000827", "descriptor_name": "Animal Welfare", "qualifier_ui": "Q000941", "qualifier_name": "ethics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000827", "descriptor_name": "Animal Welfare", "qualifier_ui": "Q000941", "qualifier_name": "ethics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001921", "descriptor_name": "Brain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001921", "descriptor_name": "Brain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001921", "descriptor_name": "Brain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003243", "descriptor_name": "Consciousness", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003243", "descriptor_name": "Consciousness", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003243", "descriptor_name": "Consciousness", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004644", "descriptor_name": "Emotions", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004644", "descriptor_name": "Emotions", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004644", "descriptor_name": "Emotions", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005075", "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005075", "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005075", "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005239", "descriptor_name": "Fear", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005239", "descriptor_name": "Fear", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005239", "descriptor_name": "Fear", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005398", "descriptor_name": "Fisheries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000941", "qualifier_name": "ethics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005398", "descriptor_name": "Fisheries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000941", "qualifier_name": "ethics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005398", "descriptor_name": "Fisheries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000941", "qualifier_name": "ethics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005399", "descriptor_name": "Fishes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005399", "descriptor_name": "Fishes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005399", "descriptor_name": "Fishes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007858", "descriptor_name": "Learning", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007858", "descriptor_name": "Learning", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007858", "descriptor_name": "Learning", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009014", "descriptor_name": "Morals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009014", "descriptor_name": "Morals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009014", "descriptor_name": "Morals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010146", "descriptor_name": "Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000662", "qualifier_name": "veterinary", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010146", "descriptor_name": "Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000662", "qualifier_name": "veterinary", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010146", "descriptor_name": "Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000662", "qualifier_name": "veterinary", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.3354/dao075139", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3354/dao075139", "pdf_url": "https://www.int-res.com/articles/dao_oa/d075p139.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S49731288", "display_name": "Diseases of Aquatic Organisms", "issn_l": "0177-5103", "issn": ["0177-5103", "1616-1580"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310313773", "host_organization_name": "Inter-Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310313773"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Inter-Research"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Diseases of Aquatic Organisms", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:17578253", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17578253", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Diseases of aquatic organisms", "raw_type": "Journal Article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.3354/dao075139", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3354/dao075139", "pdf_url": "https://www.int-res.com/articles/dao_oa/d075p139.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S49731288", "display_name": "Diseases of Aquatic Organisms", "issn_l": "0177-5103", "issn": ["0177-5103", "1616-1580"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310313773", "host_organization_name": "Inter-Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310313773"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Inter-Research"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Diseases of Aquatic Organisms", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G661409448", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "P20RR-15553", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337375", "funder_display_name": "National Center for Research Resources"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306114", "display_name": "U.S. Department of Agriculture", "ror": "https://ror.org/01na82s61"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320310258", "display_name": "University of Wyoming", "ror": "https://ror.org/01485tq96"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320189", "display_name": "Fisheries Society of the British Isles", "ror": "https://ror.org/00q2kx914"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320290", "display_name": "University of Oxford", "ror": "https://ror.org/052gg0110"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337375", "display_name": "National Center for Research Resources", "ror": "https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2051771797.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2051771797.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 27, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W161908296", "https://openalex.org/W242171001", "https://openalex.org/W1506220251", "https://openalex.org/W1968936335", "https://openalex.org/W1991406532", "https://openalex.org/W2002082920", "https://openalex.org/W2008544186", "https://openalex.org/W2019784619", "https://openalex.org/W2023292701", "https://openalex.org/W2033271338", "https://openalex.org/W2040799975", "https://openalex.org/W2041775832", "https://openalex.org/W2043218081", "https://openalex.org/W2046649290", "https://openalex.org/W2071626014", "https://openalex.org/W2073242833", "https://openalex.org/W2079709733", "https://openalex.org/W2134133318", "https://openalex.org/W2158717016", "https://openalex.org/W2169109050", "https://openalex.org/W2173308619", "https://openalex.org/W2501223538", "https://openalex.org/W2502971911", "https://openalex.org/W3003791006", "https://openalex.org/W4251471631", "https://openalex.org/W4298070469", "https://openalex.org/W4388163833"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3205425135", "https://openalex.org/W4315698253", "https://openalex.org/W4285061415", "https://openalex.org/W2954444523", "https://openalex.org/W2010369867", "https://openalex.org/W4285165388", "https://openalex.org/W3157077961", "https://openalex.org/W2314919219", "https://openalex.org/W4382502055", "https://openalex.org/W4384944644"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Anthropomorphism,": [0], "the": [1, 95, 115, 119, 212], "use": [2], "of": [3, 15, 23, 54, 73, 76, 101, 124, 133, 162, 188, 204], "human": [4, 61], "characteristics": [5], "as": [6, 28, 33], "a": [7, 18, 52, 131, 158], "foundation": [8, 213], "for": [9, 89, 99, 160, 214], "interpreting": [10], "behavior": [11, 123], "and": [12, 78, 81, 110, 122, 153, 190, 201, 207, 224], "mental": [13, 83], "capacities": [14], "animals,": [16], "is": [17, 36, 85, 108, 128, 139], "bias": [19], "undermining": [20], "our": [21, 170], "understanding": [22], "other": [24], "species,": [25], "especially": [26], "species": [27, 127], "evolutionarily": [29], "distant": [30], "from": [31, 151], "humans": [32, 225], "fishes.": [34, 90], "Anthropomorphism": [35], "not": [37], "justified": [38], "by": [39, 106, 184], "allusions": [40], "to": [41, 156, 177, 222], "evolutionary": [42], "continuity": [43], "among": [44], "vertebrates,": [45], "because": [46], "no": [47], "living": [48], "vertebrate": [49], "was": [50], "ever": [51], "descendant": [53], "humans,": [55], "so": [56], "none": [57], "could": [58], "have": [59, 157, 180], "inherited": [60], "traits.": [62], "Nonetheless,": [63], "it": [64], "has": [65], "recently": [66], "been": [67, 181], "claimed": [68], "that": [69, 82, 94, 118, 146, 167, 174, 217], "fishes": [70, 107, 147, 206, 223], "are": [71, 148, 154, 175], "capable": [72], "conscious": [74, 104], "experiences": [75, 100], "pain": [77, 102, 163], "emotional": [79, 165], "feelings": [80, 166], "welfare": [84, 179, 197, 215], "an": [86], "important": [87], "issue": [88], "This": [91, 136, 193], "paper": [92, 116], "shows": [93, 117], "evidence": [96, 138], "supporting": [97], "claims": [98], "or": [103, 164], "emotions": [105], "conceptually": [109], "methodologically": [111], "flawed.": [112], "In": [113], "addition,": [114], "natural": [120], "history": [121], "diverse": [125, 205], "fish": [126, 178], "inconsistent": [129], "with": [130, 142], "presumption": [132], "human-like": [134], "awareness.": [135], "behavioral": [137, 191], "in": [140], "accord": [141], "neurobiological": [143], "observations": [144], "showing": [145], "very": [149], "different": [150], "us": [152], "unlikely": [155], "capacity": [159], "awareness": [161], "meaningfully": [168], "resemble": [169], "own.": [171], "The": [172], "factors": [173], "detrimental": [176], "well": [182], "delineated": [183], "valid,": [185], "objective": [186], "indicators": [187], "physiological": [189], "well-being.": [192], "knowledge": [194], "should": [195, 210], "guide": [196], "decisions.": [198], "An": [199], "empirical": [200], "non-anthropomorphic": [202], "examination": [203], "their": [208], "adaptations": [209], "be": [211, 219], "decisions": [216], "would": [218], "truly": [220], "beneficial": [221], "alike.": [226]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 19}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 12}], "updated_date": "2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4387341139", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2023.2257802", "title": "Reasons to Be Skeptical about Sentience and Pain in Fishes and Aquatic Invertebrates", "display_name": "Reasons to Be Skeptical about Sentience and Pain in Fishes and Aquatic Invertebrates", "relevance_score": 158.67152, "publication_year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-10-04", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4387341139", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2023.2257802"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1080/23308249.2023.2257802", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2023.2257802", "pdf_url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23308249.2023.2257802?needAccess=true", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174131", "display_name": "Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture", "issn_l": "2330-8249", "issn": ["2330-8249", "2330-8257"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320547", "host_organization_name": "Taylor & Francis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320547", "https://openalex.org/P4310320449"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Taylor & Francis", "Informa"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Reviews in Fisheries Science &amp; Aquaculture", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23308249.2023.2257802?needAccess=true", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5112653314", "display_name": "Benjamin K. Diggles", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210152738", "display_name": "DigsFish Services (Australia)", "ror": "https://ror.org/047hbnr51", "country_code": "AU", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210152738"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Benjamin K. Diggles", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DigsFish Services, Banksia Beach QLD, Australia"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DigsFish Services, Banksia Beach QLD, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210152738"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5064047566", "display_name": "Robert Arlinghaus", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2861-527X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I39343248", "display_name": "Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin", "ror": "https://ror.org/01hcx6992", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210116314", "display_name": "Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries", "ror": "https://ror.org/01nftxb06", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I315704651", "https://openalex.org/I4210116314"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Robert Arlinghaus", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries &amp; Humboldt, Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries &amp; Humboldt, Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I39343248", "https://openalex.org/I4210116314"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5063176567", "display_name": "Howard I. Browman", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-7316"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802153510", "display_name": "Norwegian Institute of Marine Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/05vg74d16", "country_code": "NO", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802153510", "https://openalex.org/I4210116418", "https://openalex.org/I4210149801"]}], "countries": ["NO"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Howard I. Browman", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Norway"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Norway", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802153510"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022488779", "display_name": "Steven J. Cooke", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5407-0659"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I67031392", "display_name": "Carleton University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02qtvee93", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Steven J. Cooke", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5049463562", "display_name": "Robin L. Cooper", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7234-4361"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I143302722", "display_name": "University of Kentucky", "ror": "https://ror.org/02k3smh20", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Robin L. Cooper", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5033591960", "display_name": "I. G. Cowx", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3538-924X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I191240316", "display_name": "University of Hull", "ror": "https://ror.org/04nkhwh30", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ian G. Cowx", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Hull International Fisheries Institute, University of Hull, UK"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Hull International Fisheries Institute, University of Hull, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5016224758", "display_name": "Charles D. Derby", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5599-4976"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I181565077", "display_name": "Georgia State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03qt6ba18", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Charles D. Derby", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5057443597", "display_name": "Stuart Derbyshire", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-3424"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165932596", "display_name": "National University of Singapore", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Stuart W. Derbyshire", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5067008383", "display_name": "Paul J. B. Hart", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9188-2437"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I153648349", "display_name": "University of Leicester", "ror": "https://ror.org/04h699437", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Paul JB Hart", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Psychology and Vision Science, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Psychology and Vision Science, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Brian Jones", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I176790772", "display_name": "Murdoch University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00r4sry34", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I176790772"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Brian Jones", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Veterinary Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Veterinary Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I176790772"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024870963", "display_name": "A. O. Kasumyan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4931-8787"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19880235", "display_name": "Lomonosov Moscow State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/010pmpe69", "country_code": "RU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19880235"]}], "countries": ["RU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alexander O. Kasumyan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Ichthyology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Ichthyology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19880235"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090561424", "display_name": "Brian Key", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1150-3848"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165143802", "display_name": "The University of Queensland", "ror": "https://ror.org/00rqy9422", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Brian Key", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1150-3848", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005557930", "display_name": "Julian G. Pepperell", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-272X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210094946", "display_name": "Noosa Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/00n5t8830", "country_code": "AU", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210094946"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Julian G. Pepperell", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Pepperell Research and Consulting, Noosaville, QLD, Australia"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Pepperell Research and Consulting, Noosaville, QLD, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210094946"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5072301058", "display_name": "D. Christopher Rogers", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3335-7287"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I146416000", "display_name": "University of Kansas", "ror": "https://ror.org/001tmjg57", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "D Christopher Rogers", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Kansas Biological Survey, and the Biodiversity Institute, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Kansas Biological Survey, and the Biodiversity Institute, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5049203467", "display_name": "James D. Rose", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2460-2861"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I12834331", "display_name": "University of Wyoming", "ror": "https://ror.org/01485tq96", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "James D. Rose", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Emeritus (Retired) Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming Laramie, WY, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Emeritus (Retired) Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming Laramie, WY, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113015891", "display_name": "Alex Schwab", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alex Schwab", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Britannia Heights, Nelson, New Zealand"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Britannia Heights, Nelson, New Zealand", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5063306927", "display_name": "Anne Berit Skiftesvik", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7754-5661"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802153510", "display_name": "Norwegian Institute of Marine Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/05vg74d16", "country_code": "NO", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802153510", "https://openalex.org/I4210116418", "https://openalex.org/I4210149801"]}], "countries": ["NO"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Anne B. Skiftesvik", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Norway"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Norway", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802153510"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5013556831", "display_name": "Don Stevens", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3113-1543"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I22188714", "display_name": "University of Prince Edward Island", "ror": "https://ror.org/02xh9x144", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I22188714"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Don Stevens", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Biomed Sci, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of PEI, Charlottetown, Canada"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Biomed Sci, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of PEI, Charlottetown, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22188714"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068344399", "display_name": "Jeffrey D. Shields", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2658-4572"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I16285277", "display_name": "William & Mary", "ror": "https://ror.org/03hsf0573", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jeffrey D. Shields", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["The College of William &amp; Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "The College of William &amp; Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5044428824", "display_name": "Craig A. Watson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7799-4424"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I33213144", "display_name": "University of Florida", "ror": "https://ror.org/02y3ad647", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Craig Watson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Emeritus (Retired) Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Emeritus (Retired) Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 8, "institutions_distinct_count": 19, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5090561424"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165143802"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 14.2483, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 61, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99502707, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "32", "issue": "1", "first_page": "127", "last_page": "150"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12281", "display_name": "Animal testing and alternatives", "score": 0.9743000268936157, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3404", "display_name": "Small Animals"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/34", "display_name": "Veterinary"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12281", "display_name": "Animal testing and alternatives", "score": 0.9743000268936157, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3404", "display_name": "Small Animals"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/34", "display_name": "Veterinary"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12596", "display_name": "Cephalopods and Marine Biology", "score": 0.9632999897003174, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1105", "display_name": "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10838", "display_name": "Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies", "score": 0.9520000219345093, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3404", "display_name": "Small Animals"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/34", "display_name": "Veterinary"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sentience", "display_name": "Sentience", "score": 0.8713237643241882}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/skepticism", "display_name": "Skepticism", "score": 0.7299397587776184}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/legislation", "display_name": "Legislation", "score": 0.6905403137207031}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare", "display_name": "Welfare", "score": 0.6048184037208557}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-welfare", "display_name": "Animal welfare", "score": 0.6038480997085571}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/precautionary-principle", "display_name": "Precautionary principle", "score": 0.5269121527671814}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/unintended-consequences", "display_name": "Unintended consequences", "score": 0.49947357177734375}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/business", "display_name": "Business", "score": 0.41684603691101074}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/public-economics", "display_name": "Public economics", "score": 0.39554041624069214}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology", "display_name": "Ecology", "score": 0.3505857288837433}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management", "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "score": 0.3391559422016144}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-ethics", "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "score": 0.326954185962677}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.29785194993019104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/economics", "display_name": "Economics", "score": 0.20640045404434204}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.19733339548110962}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/law", "display_name": "Law", "score": 0.14695021510124207}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780865100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488994", "display_name": "Sentience", "level": 2, "score": 0.8713237643241882}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18296254", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395219", "display_name": "Skepticism", "level": 2, "score": 0.7299397587776184}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777351106", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371", "display_name": "Legislation", "level": 2, "score": 0.6905403137207031}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092", "display_name": "Welfare", "level": 2, "score": 0.6048184037208557}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C523966790", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459426", "display_name": "Animal welfare", "level": 2, "score": 0.6038480997085571}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C21016645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515255", "display_name": "Precautionary principle", "level": 2, "score": 0.5269121527671814}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776889888", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135789", "display_name": "Unintended consequences", "level": 2, "score": 0.49947357177734375}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453", "display_name": "Business", "level": 0, "score": 0.41684603691101074}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C100001284", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246", "display_name": "Public economics", "level": 1, "score": 0.39554041624069214}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3505857288837433}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380", "display_name": "Environmental resource management", "level": 1, "score": 0.3391559422016144}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686", "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "level": 1, "score": 0.326954185962677}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.29785194993019104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.20640045404434204}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.19733339548110962}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.14695021510124207}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1080/23308249.2023.2257802", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2023.2257802", "pdf_url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23308249.2023.2257802?needAccess=true", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174131", "display_name": "Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture", "issn_l": "2330-8249", "issn": ["2330-8249", "2330-8257"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320547", "host_organization_name": "Taylor & Francis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320547", "https://openalex.org/P4310320449"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Taylor & Francis", "Informa"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Reviews in Fisheries Science &amp; Aquaculture", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:hull-repository.worktribe.com:4421499", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/4421499/1/Published%20article", "pdf_url": "https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/file/4421499/1/Published%20article", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400827", "display_name": "Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I191240316", "host_organization_name": "University of Hull", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I191240316"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Journal Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/246771", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/246771", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407052290", "display_name": "National University of Singapore", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Taylor & Francis", "raw_type": "Review"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/25232681", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Reasons_to_Be_Skeptical_about_Sentience_and_Pain_in_Fishes_and_Aquatic_Invertebrates/25232681", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196282", "display_name": "Figshare", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4210132348", "host_organization_name": "Figshare (United Kingdom)", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:islandscholar.ca:ir_25613", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23308249.2023.2257802", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401181", "display_name": "IslandScholar (University of Prince Edward Island)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I22188714", "host_organization_name": "University of Prince Edward Island", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I22188714"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Journal Article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1080/23308249.2023.2257802", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2023.2257802", "pdf_url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23308249.2023.2257802?needAccess=true", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174131", "display_name": "Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture", "issn_l": "2330-8249", "issn": ["2330-8249", "2330-8257"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320547", "host_organization_name": "Taylor & Francis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320547", "https://openalex.org/P4310320449"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Taylor & Francis", "Informa"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Reviews in Fisheries Science &amp; Aquaculture", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387341139.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387341139.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 169, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W371224267", "https://openalex.org/W850294230", "https://openalex.org/W1537526294", "https://openalex.org/W1541048963", "https://openalex.org/W1545274373", "https://openalex.org/W1557081340", "https://openalex.org/W1824116934", "https://openalex.org/W1968936335", "https://openalex.org/W1972644091", "https://openalex.org/W1974515286", "https://openalex.org/W1976823095", "https://openalex.org/W1981706990", "https://openalex.org/W1983347685", "https://openalex.org/W1988326372", "https://openalex.org/W1997215234", "https://openalex.org/W1998299094", "https://openalex.org/W1998672039", "https://openalex.org/W2002906863", "https://openalex.org/W2005802222", "https://openalex.org/W2008148786", "https://openalex.org/W2009844011", "https://openalex.org/W2022471728", "https://openalex.org/W2032273209", "https://openalex.org/W2037503849", "https://openalex.org/W2043045839", "https://openalex.org/W2046789980", "https://openalex.org/W2055787317", "https://openalex.org/W2056245235", "https://openalex.org/W2061177016", "https://openalex.org/W2061279555", "https://openalex.org/W2063548074", "https://openalex.org/W2066094473", "https://openalex.org/W2067384918", "https://openalex.org/W2069095994", "https://openalex.org/W2070261892", "https://openalex.org/W2071626014", "https://openalex.org/W2072267104", "https://openalex.org/W2078818875", "https://openalex.org/W2080281079", "https://openalex.org/W2085105306", "https://openalex.org/W2099922467", "https://openalex.org/W2109878921", "https://openalex.org/W2109958530", "https://openalex.org/W2110538131", "https://openalex.org/W2115197498", "https://openalex.org/W2117717655", "https://openalex.org/W2122152548", "https://openalex.org/W2125192540", "https://openalex.org/W2134715917", "https://openalex.org/W2141300182", "https://openalex.org/W2142345378", "https://openalex.org/W2142369829", "https://openalex.org/W2144981148", "https://openalex.org/W2145602851", "https://openalex.org/W2150323464", "https://openalex.org/W2151108603", "https://openalex.org/W2151856895", "https://openalex.org/W2156688710", "https://openalex.org/W2158548762", "https://openalex.org/W2160394592", "https://openalex.org/W2160922982", "https://openalex.org/W2163738538", "https://openalex.org/W2163891394", "https://openalex.org/W2169412126", "https://openalex.org/W2170304470", "https://openalex.org/W2177629696", "https://openalex.org/W2183873999", "https://openalex.org/W2191626018", "https://openalex.org/W2216350145", "https://openalex.org/W2243972859", "https://openalex.org/W2290856726", "https://openalex.org/W2307642300", "https://openalex.org/W2319211955", "https://openalex.org/W2323405956", "https://openalex.org/W2327521006", "https://openalex.org/W2344569023", "https://openalex.org/W2407454360", "https://openalex.org/W2416241581", "https://openalex.org/W2480526358", "https://openalex.org/W2497815825", "https://openalex.org/W2500817663", "https://openalex.org/W2534659528", "https://openalex.org/W2536297812", "https://openalex.org/W2577923094", "https://openalex.org/W2606243453", "https://openalex.org/W2625580771", "https://openalex.org/W2738232746", "https://openalex.org/W2753014128", "https://openalex.org/W2753791295", "https://openalex.org/W2762500648", "https://openalex.org/W2767167094", "https://openalex.org/W2768008133", "https://openalex.org/W2788353382", "https://openalex.org/W2807732121", "https://openalex.org/W2807845809", "https://openalex.org/W2808272619", "https://openalex.org/W2832937512", "https://openalex.org/W2884040217", "https://openalex.org/W2886512263", "https://openalex.org/W2887507772", "https://openalex.org/W2888261490", "https://openalex.org/W2890125285", "https://openalex.org/W2899751850", "https://openalex.org/W2901317193", "https://openalex.org/W2910618313", "https://openalex.org/W2936686683", "https://openalex.org/W2954905242", "https://openalex.org/W2969561139", "https://openalex.org/W2995110542", "https://openalex.org/W2999001800", "https://openalex.org/W3006469777", "https://openalex.org/W3021714894", "https://openalex.org/W3023516546", "https://openalex.org/W3043476716", "https://openalex.org/W3044919617", "https://openalex.org/W3091775622", "https://openalex.org/W3091846513", "https://openalex.org/W3119739933", "https://openalex.org/W3127122147", "https://openalex.org/W3132008291", "https://openalex.org/W3132595279", "https://openalex.org/W3154278209", "https://openalex.org/W3156641448", "https://openalex.org/W3157545923", "https://openalex.org/W3171985947", "https://openalex.org/W3181856146", "https://openalex.org/W3199565759", "https://openalex.org/W3211940672", "https://openalex.org/W3212835313", "https://openalex.org/W3213164440", "https://openalex.org/W3216673693", "https://openalex.org/W4205741011", "https://openalex.org/W4210356194", "https://openalex.org/W4210533348", "https://openalex.org/W4210548868", "https://openalex.org/W4224937212", "https://openalex.org/W4226149264", "https://openalex.org/W4231016069", "https://openalex.org/W4243255705", "https://openalex.org/W4254876226", "https://openalex.org/W4280502442", "https://openalex.org/W4285209303", "https://openalex.org/W4285209748", "https://openalex.org/W4285817770", "https://openalex.org/W4308620174", "https://openalex.org/W4309654911", "https://openalex.org/W4310015627", "https://openalex.org/W4310142278", "https://openalex.org/W4311304947", "https://openalex.org/W4312734590", "https://openalex.org/W4328053067", "https://openalex.org/W4360814287", "https://openalex.org/W4361278801", "https://openalex.org/W4362520612", "https://openalex.org/W4362522742", "https://openalex.org/W4366573044", "https://openalex.org/W4366824986", "https://openalex.org/W4367299074", "https://openalex.org/W4379057050", "https://openalex.org/W4379527600", "https://openalex.org/W4380762444", "https://openalex.org/W4382238330", "https://openalex.org/W4382933754", "https://openalex.org/W4391161997", "https://openalex.org/W6633224454", "https://openalex.org/W6687464154", "https://openalex.org/W6688640929", "https://openalex.org/W6699941389", "https://openalex.org/W7024523247"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2770970808", "https://openalex.org/W2766215419", "https://openalex.org/W2738232746", "https://openalex.org/W3205425135", "https://openalex.org/W4315698253", "https://openalex.org/W4285061415", "https://openalex.org/W2954444523", "https://openalex.org/W4285165388", "https://openalex.org/W3157077961", "https://openalex.org/W2314919219"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 152], "welfare": [1, 17, 24, 30, 65, 70, 115, 170, 173, 188, 231, 268], "of": [2, 23, 27, 66, 116, 140, 157, 203, 269], "fishes": [3, 45], "and": [4, 9, 42, 46, 52, 82, 89, 125, 149, 160, 171, 176, 211, 215, 266], "aquatic": [5, 47, 117, 150, 177, 235, 258], "invertebrates": [6, 48], "is": [7, 33, 49, 79, 120, 128, 165, 249], "important,": [8, 251], "several": [10], "jurisdictions": [11], "have": [12], "included": [13], "these": [14, 67, 73], "taxa": [15, 74], "under": [16], "regulation": [18], "in": [19, 44, 133, 200, 252], "recent": [20], "years.": [21], "Regulation": [22], "requires": [25], "use": [26], "scientifically": [28, 50, 192], "validated": [29, 124], "criteria.": [31], "This": [32], "why": [34], "applying": [35], "Mertonian": [36], "skepticism": [37, 205], "toward": [38], "claims": [39, 57], "for": [40, 72, 144, 174, 228, 234], "sentience": [41], "pain": [43], "sound": [51], "prudent,": [53], "particularly": [54, 237], "when": [55], "those": [56, 238], "are": [58, 189, 198], "used": [59, 233], "to": [60, 101, 113, 131, 181, 206, 218, 221, 254], "justify": [61], "legislation": [62, 71], "regulating": [63], "the": [64, 99, 114, 138, 201, 212, 219, 245, 267], "taxa.": [68], "Enacting": [69], "without": [75], "strong": [76], "scientific": [77, 88, 213, 225, 247], "evidence": [78], "a": [80, 108, 223], "societal": [81], "political": [83], "choice": [84], "that": [85, 119, 136, 162, 183], "risks": [86], "creating": [87], "interpretational": [90], "problems": [91], "as": [92, 94, 155], "well": [93], "major": [95], "policy": [96], "challenges,": [97], "including": [98, 147], "potential": [100], "generate": [102], "significant": [103], "unintended": [104, 141], "consequences.": [105], "In": [106], "contrast,": [107], "more": [109, 129], "rigorous": [110], "science-based": [111], "approach": [112], "organisms": [118], "based": [121, 190], "on": [122, 191], "verified,": [123], "measurable": [126], "endpoints": [127], "likely": [130], "result": [132], "\u201cwin-win\u201d": [134], "scenarios": [135], "minimize": [137], "risk": [139], "negative": [142], "impacts": [143], "all": [145], "stakeholders,": [146], "fish": [148, 175], "invertebrates.": [151], "authors": [153], "identify": [154], "supporters": [156], "animal": [158, 259], "welfare,": [159, 260], "emphasize": [161], "this": [163], "issue": [164], "not": [166, 256], "about": [167, 186], "choosing": [168], "between": [169], "no": [172], "invertebrates,": [178], "but": [179, 261], "rather": [180], "ensure": [182], "important": [184], "decisions": [185], "their": [187], "robust": [193], "evidence.": [194], "These": [195], "ten": [196], "reasons": [197], "delivered": [199], "spirit": [202], "organized": [204], "orient": [207], "legislators,": [208], "decision": [209], "makers": [210], "community,": [214], "alert": [216], "them": [217], "need": [220], "maintain": [222], "high": [224], "evidential": [226], "bar": [227], "any": [229], "operational": [230], "indicators": [232], "animals,": [236], "mandated": [239], "by": [240], "legislation.": [241], "Moving": [242], "forward,": [243], "maintaining": [244], "highest": [246], "standards": [248], "vitally": [250], "order": [253], "protect": [255], "only": [257], "also": [262], "global": [263], "food": [264], "security": [265], "humans.": [270]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 35}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1}], "updated_date": "2026-09-02T18:50:13.731487", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3034280103", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/4626.003.0003", "title": "True Believers:The Intentional Strategy and Why It Works", "display_name": "True Believers:The Intentional Strategy and Why It Works", "relevance_score": 158.30125, "publication_year": 1997, "publication_date": "1997-03-06", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3034280103", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/4626.003.0003", "mag": "3034280103"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.7551/mitpress/4626.003.0003", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/4626.003.0003", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463997", "display_name": "The MIT Press eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315718", "host_organization_name": "The MIT Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315718", "https://openalex.org/P4310316440"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["The MIT Press", "Massachusetts Institute of Technology"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Mind Design II", "raw_type": "book-chapter"}, "type": "book-chapter", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://philpapers.org/archive/DENTB.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5083743331", "display_name": "Daniel C. Dennett", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1181-3093"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Daniel C. Dennett", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5083743331"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 104.2583, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 438, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99808836, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 97, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": "57", "last_page": "80"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13005", "display_name": "Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices", "score": 0.9243000149726868, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1211", "display_name": "Philosophy"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13005", "display_name": "Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices", "score": 0.9243000149726868, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1211", "display_name": "Philosophy"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.4065437316894531}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.35521379113197327}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.33305248618125916}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.29854291677474976}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.4065437316894531}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.35521379113197327}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.33305248618125916}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.29854291677474976}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.7551/mitpress/4626.003.0003", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/4626.003.0003", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463997", "display_name": "The MIT Press eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315718", "host_organization_name": "The MIT Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315718", "https://openalex.org/P4310316440"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["The MIT Press", "Massachusetts Institute of Technology"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Mind Design II", "raw_type": "book-chapter"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/DENTB", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://philarchive.org/rec/DENTB", "pdf_url": "https://philpapers.org/archive/DENTB.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402130", "display_name": "PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/DENTB", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://philpapers.org/rec/DENTB", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402130", "display_name": "PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/DENTB", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://philarchive.org/rec/DENTB", "pdf_url": "https://philpapers.org/archive/DENTB.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402130", "display_name": "PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3034280103.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3034280103.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2931662336", "https://openalex.org/W2077865380", "https://openalex.org/W2134894512", "https://openalex.org/W2053487507", "https://openalex.org/W2765597752", "https://openalex.org/W2083375246", "https://openalex.org/W2067108088", "https://openalex.org/W2085372204"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 27}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 40}], "updated_date": "2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4224937212", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.788289", "title": "What Is It Like to Be a Bass? Red Herrings, Fish Pain and the Study of Animal Sentience", "display_name": "What Is It Like to Be a Bass? Red Herrings, Fish Pain and the Study of Animal Sentience", "relevance_score": 156.30139, "publication_year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-04-27", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4224937212", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.788289", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35573409"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.788289", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.788289", "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.788289/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2594976040", "display_name": "Frontiers in Veterinary Science", "issn_l": "2297-1769", "issn": ["2297-1769"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320527", "host_organization_name": "Frontiers Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Frontiers Media"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Frontiers in Veterinary Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.788289/pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024850130", "display_name": "Georgia Mason", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I79817857", "display_name": "University of Guelph", "ror": "https://ror.org/01r7awg59", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "G. J. Mason", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035781176", "display_name": "J. Michelle Lavery", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-1445"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I79817857", "display_name": "University of Guelph", "ror": "https://ror.org/01r7awg59", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. M. Lavery", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5024850130"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I79817857"], "apc_list": {"value": 2950, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 2950}, "apc_paid": {"value": 2950, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 2950}, "fwci": 7.4461, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 69, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.98698984, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 95, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "9", "issue": null, "first_page": "788289", "last_page": "788289"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10971", "display_name": "Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "score": 0.9965000152587891, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2809", "display_name": "Sensory Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10971", "display_name": "Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "score": 0.9965000152587891, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2809", "display_name": "Sensory Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11541", "display_name": "Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior", "score": 0.9829999804496765, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10581", "display_name": "Neural dynamics and brain function", "score": 0.9821000099182129, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2805", "display_name": "Cognitive Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sentience", "display_name": "Sentience", "score": 0.9787431955337524}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.6674315929412842}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/consciousness", "display_name": "Consciousness", "score": 0.4883417785167694}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-welfare", "display_name": "Animal welfare", "score": 0.4677560329437256}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/perception", "display_name": "Perception", "score": 0.44788098335266113}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "score": 0.39313381910324097}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "score": 0.33465802669525146}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-ethics", "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "score": 0.22958597540855408}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.16142526268959045}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology", "display_name": "Ecology", "score": 0.13431450724601746}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.1059449315071106}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780865100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488994", "display_name": "Sentience", "level": 2, "score": 0.9787431955337524}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.6674315929412842}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C186720457", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087", "display_name": "Consciousness", "level": 2, "score": 0.4883417785167694}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C523966790", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459426", "display_name": "Animal welfare", "level": 2, "score": 0.4677560329437256}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26760741", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402", "display_name": "Perception", "level": 2, "score": 0.44788098335266113}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.39313381910324097}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.33465802669525146}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686", "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "level": 1, "score": 0.22958597540855408}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.16142526268959045}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.13431450724601746}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.1059449315071106}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.788289", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.788289", "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.788289/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2594976040", "display_name": "Frontiers in Veterinary Science", "issn_l": "2297-1769", "issn": ["2297-1769"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320527", "host_organization_name": "Frontiers Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Frontiers Media"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Frontiers in Veterinary Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:35573409", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35573409", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Frontiers in veterinary science", "raw_type": "Journal Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9094623", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9094623", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Front Vet Sci", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0646d63a03db4a8590342b73dae764e0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/0646d63a03db4a8590342b73dae764e0", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 9 (2022)", "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.788289", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.788289", "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.788289/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2594976040", "display_name": "Frontiers in Veterinary Science", "issn_l": "2297-1769", "issn": ["2297-1769"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320527", "host_organization_name": "Frontiers Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Frontiers Media"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Frontiers in Veterinary Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10", "display_name": "Reduced inequalities", "score": 0.5299999713897705}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224937212.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224937212.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 196, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W621442373", "https://openalex.org/W758777753", "https://openalex.org/W1511167981", "https://openalex.org/W1539082586", "https://openalex.org/W1586767291", "https://openalex.org/W1635698933", "https://openalex.org/W1766627513", "https://openalex.org/W1959200075", "https://openalex.org/W1968936335", "https://openalex.org/W1969847029", "https://openalex.org/W1972221521", "https://openalex.org/W1972962399", "https://openalex.org/W1974020100", "https://openalex.org/W1975598610", "https://openalex.org/W1976645353", "https://openalex.org/W1977661386", "https://openalex.org/W1979241327", "https://openalex.org/W1979766464", "https://openalex.org/W1980795100", "https://openalex.org/W1980939104", "https://openalex.org/W1980955085", "https://openalex.org/W1981080444", "https://openalex.org/W1983349793", "https://openalex.org/W1983978246", "https://openalex.org/W1985292018", "https://openalex.org/W1987023922", "https://openalex.org/W1988326372", "https://openalex.org/W1989128230", "https://openalex.org/W1989396341", "https://openalex.org/W1989935473", "https://openalex.org/W1990031640", "https://openalex.org/W1991886303", "https://openalex.org/W1992923243", "https://openalex.org/W1994662575", "https://openalex.org/W1995223499", "https://openalex.org/W1998672039", "https://openalex.org/W1998770726", "https://openalex.org/W2003118297", "https://openalex.org/W2003761178", "https://openalex.org/W2004833841", "https://openalex.org/W2008148786", "https://openalex.org/W2014904041", "https://openalex.org/W2015175478", "https://openalex.org/W2015401790", "https://openalex.org/W2015468244", "https://openalex.org/W2018221718", "https://openalex.org/W2022101323", "https://openalex.org/W2025794287", "https://openalex.org/W2026260234", "https://openalex.org/W2026879758", "https://openalex.org/W2028901528", "https://openalex.org/W2030232268", "https://openalex.org/W2031176785", "https://openalex.org/W2031714533", "https://openalex.org/W2032925093", "https://openalex.org/W2033271338", "https://openalex.org/W2034532999", "https://openalex.org/W2035499443", "https://openalex.org/W2040979709", "https://openalex.org/W2041515086", "https://openalex.org/W2043218081", "https://openalex.org/W2044437717", "https://openalex.org/W2048247007", "https://openalex.org/W2049098529", "https://openalex.org/W2050821913", "https://openalex.org/W2050945542", "https://openalex.org/W2051137299", "https://openalex.org/W2051771797", "https://openalex.org/W2053269392", "https://openalex.org/W2055761178", "https://openalex.org/W2056245235", "https://openalex.org/W2058574054", "https://openalex.org/W2058585518", "https://openalex.org/W2058838634", "https://openalex.org/W2061706671", "https://openalex.org/W2064346764", "https://openalex.org/W2066612443", "https://openalex.org/W2067061638", "https://openalex.org/W2072267104", "https://openalex.org/W2073866887", "https://openalex.org/W2079430840", "https://openalex.org/W2080684979", "https://openalex.org/W2087564005", "https://openalex.org/W2087576389", "https://openalex.org/W2091137901", "https://openalex.org/W2095596789", "https://openalex.org/W2095596988", "https://openalex.org/W2096133149", "https://openalex.org/W2097712633", "https://openalex.org/W2098519325", "https://openalex.org/W2107083518", "https://openalex.org/W2108114952", "https://openalex.org/W2111454101", "https://openalex.org/W2116000908", "https://openalex.org/W2120344966", "https://openalex.org/W2123851461", "https://openalex.org/W2129377493", "https://openalex.org/W2129895447", "https://openalex.org/W2130726663", "https://openalex.org/W2135182689", "https://openalex.org/W2135600254", "https://openalex.org/W2136812857", "https://openalex.org/W2136931802", "https://openalex.org/W2137494680", "https://openalex.org/W2141300182", "https://openalex.org/W2142345378", "https://openalex.org/W2142369829", "https://openalex.org/W2142822896", "https://openalex.org/W2146114042", "https://openalex.org/W2149274571", "https://openalex.org/W2149338149", "https://openalex.org/W2150877487", "https://openalex.org/W2152084170", "https://openalex.org/W2155658599", "https://openalex.org/W2156009192", "https://openalex.org/W2163676878", "https://openalex.org/W2165616944", "https://openalex.org/W2191177928", "https://openalex.org/W2191626018", "https://openalex.org/W2216350145", "https://openalex.org/W2244432356", "https://openalex.org/W2317609172", "https://openalex.org/W2319591569", "https://openalex.org/W2329452519", "https://openalex.org/W2345855737", "https://openalex.org/W2414051712", "https://openalex.org/W2416392601", "https://openalex.org/W2417557883", "https://openalex.org/W2468576101", "https://openalex.org/W2471404709", "https://openalex.org/W2559171350", "https://openalex.org/W2571118091", "https://openalex.org/W2588736771", "https://openalex.org/W2614439946", "https://openalex.org/W2624520537", "https://openalex.org/W2631206949", "https://openalex.org/W2738232746", "https://openalex.org/W2766040826", "https://openalex.org/W2776987340", "https://openalex.org/W2781113948", "https://openalex.org/W2791071387", "https://openalex.org/W2792276711", "https://openalex.org/W2793542938", "https://openalex.org/W2793625922", "https://openalex.org/W2796513055", "https://openalex.org/W2808272619", "https://openalex.org/W2883343973", "https://openalex.org/W2884040217", "https://openalex.org/W2884959134", "https://openalex.org/W2886002847", "https://openalex.org/W2891173928", "https://openalex.org/W2892136809", "https://openalex.org/W2902406579", "https://openalex.org/W2913064929", "https://openalex.org/W2953521529", "https://openalex.org/W2964073449", "https://openalex.org/W2965728926", "https://openalex.org/W2973431095", "https://openalex.org/W2982931277", "https://openalex.org/W2990239101", "https://openalex.org/W3006904668", "https://openalex.org/W3010554563", "https://openalex.org/W3038856896", "https://openalex.org/W3042843668", "https://openalex.org/W3043476716", "https://openalex.org/W3081489731", "https://openalex.org/W3087817485", "https://openalex.org/W3089200411", "https://openalex.org/W3093136827", "https://openalex.org/W3098661552", "https://openalex.org/W3116773248", "https://openalex.org/W3129107454", "https://openalex.org/W3134558418", "https://openalex.org/W3142597733", "https://openalex.org/W3142644042", "https://openalex.org/W3160494630", "https://openalex.org/W3164738669", "https://openalex.org/W3165779310", "https://openalex.org/W3186358342", "https://openalex.org/W4200102555", "https://openalex.org/W4206362712", "https://openalex.org/W4212863685", "https://openalex.org/W4213037589", "https://openalex.org/W4233549127", "https://openalex.org/W4237372571", "https://openalex.org/W4239432553", "https://openalex.org/W4249146669", "https://openalex.org/W4249693295", "https://openalex.org/W4254187288", "https://openalex.org/W4298876620", "https://openalex.org/W4313426028", "https://openalex.org/W4388319527", "https://openalex.org/W6632278869", "https://openalex.org/W6641039866", "https://openalex.org/W6690650830", "https://openalex.org/W6773705039"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2618110362", "https://openalex.org/W4378903352", "https://openalex.org/W1974890212", "https://openalex.org/W3205425135", "https://openalex.org/W4315698253", "https://openalex.org/W4285061415", "https://openalex.org/W2954444523", "https://openalex.org/W4285165388", "https://openalex.org/W3157077961", "https://openalex.org/W2600414401"], "abstract_inverted_index": {":": [0], "do": [1], "reactions": [2], "to": [3, 15, 52, 81, 100, 207, 215, 230, 269, 315], "tissue": [4], "damage": [5], "indicate": [6, 53], "evaluative": [7], "consciousness": [8, 88], "(conscious": [9], "affect),": [10], "or": [11, 67, 151], "mere": [12], "nociception?": [13], "Thanks": [14], "Braithwaite's": [16], "discovery": [17], "of": [18, 61, 162, 173, 179, 186, 193, 197, 244, 252], "trout": [19], "nociceptors,": [20], "and": [21, 48, 116, 126, 129, 165, 195, 221, 249, 303, 313], "concerns": [22, 277], "that": [23, 95, 226, 296], "current": [24], "practices": [25], "could": [26, 227], "compromise": [27], "welfare": [28, 274, 311], "in": [29, 106, 131, 282], "countless": [30], "fish,": [31], "this": [32, 283], "issue's": [33], "importance": [34], "is": [35], "beyond": [36], "dispute.": [37], "However,": [38], "nociceptors": [39], "are": [40, 176, 184, 254, 298], "merely": [41], "necessary,": [42], "not": [43, 97], "sufficient,": [44], "for": [45, 217, 310], "true": [46], "pain,": [47], "many": [49], "measures": [50, 94], "held": [51], "sentience": [54, 102, 233, 253, 261], "have": [55], "the": [56, 83, 191, 288, 301], "same": [57], "problem.": [58], "The": [59], "question": [60], "whether": [62], "fish": [63, 260, 297, 323], "feel": [64], "pain": [65], "-": [66, 72], "indeed": [68], "anything": [69], "at": [70], "all": [71], "therefore": [73], "stimulates": [74], "sometimes": [75], "polarized": [76], "debate.": [77, 284], "Here,": [78], "we": [79, 90, 266, 286], "try": [80], "bridge": [82], "divide.": [84], "After": [85], "reviewing": [86], "key": [87, 280], "concepts,": [89], "identify": [91], "\"red": [92], "herring\"": [93], "should": [96], "be": [98], "used": [99], "infer": [101], "because": [103], "also": [104], "present": [105], "non-sentient": [107], "organisms,": [108], "notably": [109], "those": [110, 294, 308], "lacking": [111], "nervous": [112], "systems,": [113], "like": [114], "plants": [115], "protozoa": [117], "(P);": [118], "spines": [119], "disconnected": [120], "from": [121, 324], "brains": [122], "(S);": [123], "decerebrate": [124], "mammals": [125], "birds": [127], "(D);": [128], "humans": [130, 206], "unaware": [132], "states": [133], "(U).": [134], "These": [135], "\"S.P.U.D.": [136], "subjects\"": [137], "can": [138], "show": [139, 316], "approach/withdrawal;": [140], "react": [141], "with": [142, 148, 273], "apparent": [143], "emotion;": [144], "change": [145], "their": [146], "reactivity": [147], "food": [149], "deprivation": [150], "analgesia;": [152], "discriminate": [153], "between": [154], "stimuli;": [155], "display": [156], "Pavlovian": [157], "learning,": [158], "including": [159], "some": [160], "forms": [161, 196], "trace": [163], "conditioning;": [164], "even": [166], "learn": [167], "simple": [168], "instrumental": [169], "responses.": [170], "Consequently,": [171], "none": [172], "these": [174, 209, 229], "responses": [175], "good": [177], "indicators": [178, 251], "sentience.": [180], "Potentially": [181], "more": [182], "valid": [183], "aspects": [185, 243], "working": [187], "memory,": [188], "operant": [189], "conditioning,": [190], "self-report": [192], "state,": [194], "higher": [198], "order": [199], "cognition.": [200], "We": [201], "suggest": [202], "new": [203], "experiments": [204], "on": [205], "test": [208], "hypotheses,": [210], "as": [211, 213], "well": [212], "modifications": [214], "tests": [216], "\"mental": [218], "time": [219], "travel\"": [220], "self-awareness": [222], "(e.g.,": [223], "mirror": [224], "self-recognition)": [225], "allow": [228], "now": [231], "probe": [232], "(since": [234], "currently": [235], "they": [236], "reflect": [237], "perceptual": [238], "rather": [239], "than": [240], "evaluative,": [241], "affective": [242], "consciousness).": [245], "Because": [246], "\"bullet-proof\"": [247], "neurological": [248], "behavioral": [250], "thus": [255], "still": [256, 320], "lacking,": [257], "agnosticism": [258], "about": [259], "remains": [262], "widespread.": [263], "To": [264], "end,": [265], "address": [267], "how": [268, 317], "balance": [270], "such": [271], "doubts": [272], "protection,": [275], "discussing": [276], "raised": [278], "by": [279, 293, 307], "skeptics": [281], "Overall,": [285], "celebrate": [287], "rigorous": [289], "evidential": [290], "standards": [291], "required": [292], "unconvinced": [295], "sentient;": [299], "laud": [300], "compassion": [302], "ethical": [304], "rigor": [305], "shown": [306], "advocating": [309], "protections;": [312], "seek": [314], "precautionary": [318], "principles": [319], "support": [321], "protecting": [322], "physical": [325], "harm.": [326]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 19}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 33}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3}], "updated_date": "2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2192071889", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1035", "title": "On the sentience of fish", "display_name": "On the sentience of fish", "relevance_score": 155.50818, "publication_year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2192071889", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1035", "mag": "2192071889"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1035", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1035", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1035&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "diamond", "oa_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1035&context=animsent", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065919029", "display_name": "Pentti O. Haikonen", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I79884896", "display_name": "University of Illinois at Springfield", "ror": "https://ror.org/0126qma51", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I79884896"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Pentti O. Haikonen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Illinois at Springfield", "Department of Philosophy University of Illinois at Springfield"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Illinois at Springfield", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I79884896"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Philosophy University of Illinois at Springfield", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I79884896"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5065919029"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I79884896"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 0.5739, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 5, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.62603306, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": false}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 88, "max": 96}, "biblio": {"volume": "1", "issue": "3", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10971", "display_name": "Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "score": 0.9764000177383423, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2809", "display_name": "Sensory Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10971", "display_name": "Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "score": 0.9764000177383423, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2809", "display_name": "Sensory Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12520", "display_name": "Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment", "score": 0.9697999954223633, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2805", "display_name": "Cognitive Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10581", "display_name": "Neural dynamics and brain function", "score": 0.9656000137329102, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2805", "display_name": "Cognitive Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sentience", "display_name": "Sentience", "score": 0.9877617359161377}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.8109457492828369}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fallacy", "display_name": "Fallacy", "score": 0.6229833960533142}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/natural", "display_name": "Natural (archaeology)", "score": 0.5700445175170898}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.5681287050247192}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/key", "display_name": "Key (lock)", "score": 0.4970894157886505}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology", "display_name": "Social psychology", "score": 0.4258062243461609}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.2398412525653839}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery", "display_name": "Fishery", "score": 0.20353665947914124}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.1656016707420349}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology", "display_name": "Ecology", "score": 0.15866297483444214}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.1574566662311554}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.09706392884254456}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology", "display_name": "Archaeology", "score": 0.05016407370567322}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780865100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488994", "display_name": "Sentience", "level": 2, "score": 0.9877617359161377}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.8109457492828369}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781035248", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186150", "display_name": "Fallacy", "level": 2, "score": 0.6229833960533142}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776608160", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462", "display_name": "Natural (archaeology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5700445175170898}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.5681287050247192}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26517878", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039", "display_name": "Key (lock)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4970894157886505}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4258062243461609}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.2398412525653839}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.20353665947914124}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.1656016707420349}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.15866297483444214}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.1574566662311554}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.09706392884254456}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498", "display_name": "Archaeology", "level": 1, "score": 0.05016407370567322}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1035", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1035", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1035&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:animalstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1035", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/8", "pdf_url": "https://animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/8", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1035", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/8", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/8", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:abd96ff7d9cc433d978ce31a0a7dd7cf", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/abd96ff7d9cc433d978ce31a0a7dd7cf", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience, Vol 1, Iss 3 (2016)", "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1035", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1035", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1035&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2192071889.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2192071889.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 6, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1547287810", "https://openalex.org/W2191626018", "https://openalex.org/W4301245915", "https://openalex.org/W6615690614", "https://openalex.org/W6632449946", "https://openalex.org/W6687464154"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4383736822", "https://openalex.org/W4377157332", "https://openalex.org/W4375847229", "https://openalex.org/W2213092321", "https://openalex.org/W2960921344", "https://openalex.org/W4366218545", "https://openalex.org/W3043248123", "https://openalex.org/W3038724669", "https://openalex.org/W4285061415", "https://openalex.org/W4246612628"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Key\u2019s": [0], "(2016)": [1], "target": [2], "article,": [3], "\u201cWhy": [4], "fish": [5, 46], "do": [6, 47], "not": [7, 23, 48], "feel": [8, 49], "pain,\u201d": [9], "is": [10], "based": [11], "on": [12, 33], "a": [13], "moralistic": [14], "fallacy": [15], "where": [16], "conclusions": [17], "about": [18], "natural": [19], "conditions": [20], "are": [21, 51], "drawn": [22], "from": [24, 29], "research": [25], "and": [26], "experiments,": [27], "but": [28], "subjective": [30], "moral": [31], "views": [32], "how": [34], "things": [35], "should": [36], "be.": [37], "Moreover,": [38], "the": [39], "neurobiological": [40], "findings": [41], "purporting": [42], "to": [43], "show": [44], "that": [45], "pain": [50], "insufficient": [52], "for": [53], "drawing": [54], "this": [55], "conclusion.": [56]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2}], "updated_date": "2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1996537012", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730", "title": "Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications", "display_name": "Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications", "relevance_score": 155.00513, "publication_year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-12-16", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1996537012", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730", "mag": "1996537012", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23762764"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5402/2012/278730", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730", "pdf_url": "https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2012/278730.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210226868", "display_name": "ISRN Psychiatry", "issn_l": "2090-7966", "issn": ["2090-7966"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319869", "host_organization_name": "Hindawi Publishing Corporation", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319869", "https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Hindawi Publishing Corporation", "Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ISRN Psychiatry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "diamond", "oa_url": "https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2012/278730.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078037817", "display_name": "Harold G. Koenig", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2573-6121"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I185163786", "display_name": "King Abdulaziz University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ma4wv74", "country_code": "SA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126298", "display_name": "Duke Medical Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/03njmea73", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126298", "https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210153043", "display_name": "Duke University Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/04bct7p84", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126298", "https://openalex.org/I4210144876", "https://openalex.org/I4210144876", "https://openalex.org/I4210153043"]}], "countries": ["SA", "US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Harold G. Koenig", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia", "Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3400, Durham, NC 27705, USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2573-6121", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3400, Durham, NC 27705, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126298", "https://openalex.org/I4210153043"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5078037817"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I185163786", "https://openalex.org/I4210126298", "https://openalex.org/I4210153043"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 28.0552, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 2386, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99838934, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "2012", "issue": null, "first_page": "1", "last_page": "33"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10509", "display_name": "Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3306", "display_name": "Health"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10509", "display_name": "Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3306", "display_name": "Health"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13456", "display_name": "Religion, Society, and Development", "score": 0.9817000031471252, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11507", "display_name": "Religion and Society Interactions", "score": 0.9715999960899353, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health", "display_name": "Mental health", "score": 0.6656190156936646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.5978342294692993}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optimism", "display_name": "Optimism", "score": 0.5260075330734253}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety", "display_name": "Anxiety", "score": 0.5093003511428833}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology", "display_name": "Clinical psychology", "score": 0.49033069610595703}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/happiness", "display_name": "Happiness", "score": 0.48871397972106934}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/disease", "display_name": "Disease", "score": 0.46971645951271057}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry", "display_name": "Psychiatry", "score": 0.4612082540988922}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/spirituality", "display_name": "Spirituality", "score": 0.4418529272079468}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-abuse", "display_name": "Substance abuse", "score": 0.44111713767051697}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia", "display_name": "Dementia", "score": 0.423606812953949}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.34646594524383545}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychotherapist", "display_name": "Psychotherapist", "score": 0.2275140881538391}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-medicine", "display_name": "Alternative medicine", "score": 0.1736927032470703}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C134362201", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309", "display_name": "Mental health", "level": 2, "score": 0.6656190156936646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.5978342294692993}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C204017024", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485446", "display_name": "Optimism", "level": 2, "score": 0.5260075330734253}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C558461103", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430", "display_name": "Anxiety", "level": 2, "score": 0.5093003511428833}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70410870", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906", "display_name": "Clinical psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.49033069610595703}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778999518", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8", "display_name": "Happiness", "level": 2, "score": 0.48871397972106934}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779134260", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136", "display_name": "Disease", "level": 2, "score": 0.46971645951271057}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867", "display_name": "Psychiatry", "level": 1, "score": 0.4612082540988922}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C514793146", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168796", "display_name": "Spirituality", "level": 3, "score": 0.4418529272079468}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C40010229", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3184856", "display_name": "Substance abuse", "level": 2, "score": 0.44111713767051697}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779483572", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030", "display_name": "Dementia", "level": 3, "score": 0.423606812953949}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.34646594524383545}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257", "display_name": "Psychotherapist", "level": 1, "score": 0.2275140881538391}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504", "display_name": "Alternative medicine", "level": 2, "score": 0.1736927032470703}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 6, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.5402/2012/278730", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730", "pdf_url": "https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2012/278730.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210226868", "display_name": "ISRN Psychiatry", "issn_l": "2090-7966", "issn": ["2090-7966"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319869", "host_organization_name": "Hindawi Publishing Corporation", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319869", "https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Hindawi Publishing Corporation", "Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ISRN Psychiatry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:23762764", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23762764", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ISRN psychiatry", "raw_type": "Journal Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2676024", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3671693", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "acceptedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:repositorioacademico.upc.edu.pe:10757/607402", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://repositorioacademico.upc.edu.pe/upc/handle/10757/607402", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400390", "display_name": "Repositorio Acad\u00e9mico UPC (Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1311157440", "host_organization_name": "Peruvian University of Applied Sciences", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1311157440"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Repositorio Acad\u00e9mico UPC", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:directorio.sunedu.gob.pe:sunedu/67422", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10757/607402", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196135", "display_name": "renati", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC)", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:34f3bd7c5fa84a2f8e9198e648a567f2", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/34f3bd7c5fa84a2f8e9198e648a567f2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "ISRN Psychiatry, Vol 2012 (2012)", "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.5402/2012/278730", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730", "pdf_url": "https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2012/278730.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210226868", "display_name": "ISRN Psychiatry", "issn_l": "2090-7966", "issn": ["2090-7966"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319869", "host_organization_name": "Hindawi Publishing Corporation", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319869", "https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Hindawi Publishing Corporation", "Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ISRN Psychiatry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "display_name": "Good health and well-being", "score": 0.8399999737739563}], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306193", "display_name": "John Templeton Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/035tnyy05"}], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1996537012.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1996537012.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 511, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2740474", "https://openalex.org/W26178905", "https://openalex.org/W39543503", "https://openalex.org/W48537040", "https://openalex.org/W54358941", "https://openalex.org/W68520005", "https://openalex.org/W83618941", "https://openalex.org/W93018070", "https://openalex.org/W103692935", "https://openalex.org/W150067635", "https://openalex.org/W170008736", "https://openalex.org/W194621062", "https://openalex.org/W615585483", "https://openalex.org/W1486480977", "https://openalex.org/W1486494159", "https://openalex.org/W1510128572", "https://openalex.org/W1517897530", "https://openalex.org/W1546075712", "https://openalex.org/W1554149176", "https://openalex.org/W1555467775", "https://openalex.org/W1568277475", "https://openalex.org/W1575661444", "https://openalex.org/W1693953380", "https://openalex.org/W1701047691", "https://openalex.org/W1748710884", "https://openalex.org/W1818165656", "https://openalex.org/W1833751124", "https://openalex.org/W1845191783", "https://openalex.org/W1907073014", "https://openalex.org/W1918131634", "https://openalex.org/W1931362142", "https://openalex.org/W1964368905", "https://openalex.org/W1965210455", "https://openalex.org/W1965875461", "https://openalex.org/W1966787025", "https://openalex.org/W1966885424", "https://openalex.org/W1967735664", "https://openalex.org/W1969531962", "https://openalex.org/W1970545454", "https://openalex.org/W1970761307", "https://openalex.org/W1970814372", "https://openalex.org/W1970973092", "https://openalex.org/W1971107749", "https://openalex.org/W1971391700", "https://openalex.org/W1972738850", "https://openalex.org/W1973842167", "https://openalex.org/W1974107754", "https://openalex.org/W1974870788", "https://openalex.org/W1974933102", "https://openalex.org/W1975004897", "https://openalex.org/W1975286458", "https://openalex.org/W1976329139", "https://openalex.org/W1976667855", "https://openalex.org/W1976798628", "https://openalex.org/W1976937853", "https://openalex.org/W1977038972", "https://openalex.org/W1977194227", "https://openalex.org/W1977573759", "https://openalex.org/W1977808909", "https://openalex.org/W1978539331", "https://openalex.org/W1978672604", "https://openalex.org/W1979380626", "https://openalex.org/W1981610704", "https://openalex.org/W1981819435", "https://openalex.org/W1982116207", "https://openalex.org/W1982483834", "https://openalex.org/W1982681861", "https://openalex.org/W1982868678", "https://openalex.org/W1983020688", "https://openalex.org/W1983140592", "https://openalex.org/W1983285959", "https://openalex.org/W1984323465", "https://openalex.org/W1984687952", "https://openalex.org/W1985122610", "https://openalex.org/W1985175640", "https://openalex.org/W1985290452", "https://openalex.org/W1985624416", "https://openalex.org/W1986166543", "https://openalex.org/W1986294368", "https://openalex.org/W1986400500", "https://openalex.org/W1986608471", "https://openalex.org/W1986649131", "https://openalex.org/W1987146283", "https://openalex.org/W1987568537", "https://openalex.org/W1987983031", "https://openalex.org/W1988193867", "https://openalex.org/W1988388748", "https://openalex.org/W1989149313", "https://openalex.org/W1990089543", "https://openalex.org/W1990209243", "https://openalex.org/W1990282480", "https://openalex.org/W1990354796", "https://openalex.org/W1990516135", "https://openalex.org/W1991469611", "https://openalex.org/W1991594742", "https://openalex.org/W1992583888", "https://openalex.org/W1993391910", "https://openalex.org/W1993556215", "https://openalex.org/W1993886464", "https://openalex.org/W1994357214", "https://openalex.org/W1994389551", "https://openalex.org/W1994611260", "https://openalex.org/W1995369096", "https://openalex.org/W1996112910", "https://openalex.org/W1996464375", "https://openalex.org/W1996823741", "https://openalex.org/W1996897815", "https://openalex.org/W1997358314", "https://openalex.org/W1997778258", "https://openalex.org/W1997816565", "https://openalex.org/W1998841352", "https://openalex.org/W1999301355", "https://openalex.org/W1999789294", "https://openalex.org/W1999951581", "https://openalex.org/W2000361545", "https://openalex.org/W2000817825", "https://openalex.org/W2002275771", "https://openalex.org/W2002913344", "https://openalex.org/W2003018406", "https://openalex.org/W2004435325", "https://openalex.org/W2005036109", "https://openalex.org/W2005129162", "https://openalex.org/W2005210692", "https://openalex.org/W2005467646", "https://openalex.org/W2006324649", "https://openalex.org/W2006371803", "https://openalex.org/W2006947895", "https://openalex.org/W2008384192", "https://openalex.org/W2008886936", "https://openalex.org/W2009236346", "https://openalex.org/W2009354135", "https://openalex.org/W2011329779", "https://openalex.org/W2011458583", "https://openalex.org/W2012135123", "https://openalex.org/W2012135452", "https://openalex.org/W2012910682", "https://openalex.org/W2013695075", "https://openalex.org/W2013736100", "https://openalex.org/W2014754082", "https://openalex.org/W2015257883", "https://openalex.org/W2015480867", "https://openalex.org/W2016998201", "https://openalex.org/W2017172266", "https://openalex.org/W2019139533", "https://openalex.org/W2019171640", "https://openalex.org/W2019612427", "https://openalex.org/W2019815431", "https://openalex.org/W2020225083", "https://openalex.org/W2020897240", "https://openalex.org/W2021553427", "https://openalex.org/W2022634282", "https://openalex.org/W2023450451", "https://openalex.org/W2025571540", "https://openalex.org/W2025874423", "https://openalex.org/W2026434512", "https://openalex.org/W2028269995", "https://openalex.org/W2028311665", "https://openalex.org/W2028717323", "https://openalex.org/W2028790406", "https://openalex.org/W2029383180", "https://openalex.org/W2029517004", "https://openalex.org/W2030346425", "https://openalex.org/W2031526887", "https://openalex.org/W2031890686", "https://openalex.org/W2032931662", "https://openalex.org/W2032978011", "https://openalex.org/W2033090463", "https://openalex.org/W2033112031", "https://openalex.org/W2033193929", "https://openalex.org/W2033291741", "https://openalex.org/W2033660248", "https://openalex.org/W2034181599", "https://openalex.org/W2035029066", "https://openalex.org/W2035190236", "https://openalex.org/W2035328345", "https://openalex.org/W2035529961", "https://openalex.org/W2035699317", "https://openalex.org/W2036083897", "https://openalex.org/W2036175554", "https://openalex.org/W2036285085", "https://openalex.org/W2036371495", "https://openalex.org/W2037223412", "https://openalex.org/W2037225640", "https://openalex.org/W2038676884", "https://openalex.org/W2039346743", "https://openalex.org/W2041206721", "https://openalex.org/W2041805273", "https://openalex.org/W2042594626", "https://openalex.org/W2042594728", "https://openalex.org/W2043113562", "https://openalex.org/W2043661019", "https://openalex.org/W2043892556", "https://openalex.org/W2044003825", "https://openalex.org/W2044212274", "https://openalex.org/W2044929364", "https://openalex.org/W2045099029", "https://openalex.org/W2045883408", "https://openalex.org/W2046116649", "https://openalex.org/W2046451617", "https://openalex.org/W2047529386", "https://openalex.org/W2048832324", "https://openalex.org/W2048893558", "https://openalex.org/W2049130925", "https://openalex.org/W2049319606", "https://openalex.org/W2049475892", "https://openalex.org/W2050330272", "https://openalex.org/W2050764828", "https://openalex.org/W2051879843", "https://openalex.org/W2051900716", "https://openalex.org/W2052071247", "https://openalex.org/W2052359354", "https://openalex.org/W2052511342", "https://openalex.org/W2053189483", "https://openalex.org/W2053992753", "https://openalex.org/W2055068186", "https://openalex.org/W2055263573", "https://openalex.org/W2055514035", "https://openalex.org/W2056050741", "https://openalex.org/W2057867011", "https://openalex.org/W2057959433", "https://openalex.org/W2058651422", "https://openalex.org/W2059027584", "https://openalex.org/W2059173067", "https://openalex.org/W2060097054", "https://openalex.org/W2060318771", "https://openalex.org/W2060420002", "https://openalex.org/W2061461922", "https://openalex.org/W2062775268", "https://openalex.org/W2063003768", "https://openalex.org/W2063655692", "https://openalex.org/W2064211473", "https://openalex.org/W2064856998", "https://openalex.org/W2065735937", "https://openalex.org/W2065965262", "https://openalex.org/W2066907325", "https://openalex.org/W2068716294", "https://openalex.org/W2069205542", "https://openalex.org/W2069221998", "https://openalex.org/W2069442178", "https://openalex.org/W2069470035", "https://openalex.org/W2070024051", "https://openalex.org/W2070606174", "https://openalex.org/W2070631377", "https://openalex.org/W2071224531", "https://openalex.org/W2071692924", "https://openalex.org/W2071880373", "https://openalex.org/W2072644973", "https://openalex.org/W2072680683", "https://openalex.org/W2072827226", "https://openalex.org/W2073026902", "https://openalex.org/W2075045044", "https://openalex.org/W2076332949", "https://openalex.org/W2076997757", "https://openalex.org/W2077552311", "https://openalex.org/W2077991274", "https://openalex.org/W2078276579", "https://openalex.org/W2078993379", "https://openalex.org/W2079409065", "https://openalex.org/W2080108275", "https://openalex.org/W2080260955", "https://openalex.org/W2080738215", "https://openalex.org/W2080834307", "https://openalex.org/W2080855838", "https://openalex.org/W2080970832", "https://openalex.org/W2081172822", "https://openalex.org/W2081357547", "https://openalex.org/W2081669352", "https://openalex.org/W2082047379", "https://openalex.org/W2082355902", "https://openalex.org/W2082553688", "https://openalex.org/W2082554352", "https://openalex.org/W2082556737", "https://openalex.org/W2082793350", "https://openalex.org/W2082816136", "https://openalex.org/W2082920925", "https://openalex.org/W2083580906", "https://openalex.org/W2084329367", "https://openalex.org/W2084811146", "https://openalex.org/W2084835139", "https://openalex.org/W2086195606", "https://openalex.org/W2086822026", "https://openalex.org/W2086927165", "https://openalex.org/W2087074693", "https://openalex.org/W2087272001", "https://openalex.org/W2087440418", "https://openalex.org/W2088929481", "https://openalex.org/W2089437545", "https://openalex.org/W2089498842", "https://openalex.org/W2090295050", "https://openalex.org/W2090435776", "https://openalex.org/W2090613280", "https://openalex.org/W2091015182", "https://openalex.org/W2091137900", "https://openalex.org/W2091597206", "https://openalex.org/W2091852064", "https://openalex.org/W2091956230", "https://openalex.org/W2092557088", "https://openalex.org/W2092908239", "https://openalex.org/W2093593127", "https://openalex.org/W2093838162", "https://openalex.org/W2094001799", "https://openalex.org/W2094985037", "https://openalex.org/W2095089308", "https://openalex.org/W2095125817", "https://openalex.org/W2095240592", "https://openalex.org/W2096132206", "https://openalex.org/W2096261944", "https://openalex.org/W2096649665", "https://openalex.org/W2096938677", "https://openalex.org/W2097222047", "https://openalex.org/W2097331336", "https://openalex.org/W2097529540", "https://openalex.org/W2098188268", "https://openalex.org/W2098379939", "https://openalex.org/W2098992606", "https://openalex.org/W2099409033", "https://openalex.org/W2101119621", "https://openalex.org/W2101135065", "https://openalex.org/W2101596914", "https://openalex.org/W2101741437", "https://openalex.org/W2102969562", "https://openalex.org/W2103704809", "https://openalex.org/W2104963693", "https://openalex.org/W2107018038", "https://openalex.org/W2107337543", "https://openalex.org/W2107415459", "https://openalex.org/W2108235765", "https://openalex.org/W2108310640", "https://openalex.org/W2108726291", "https://openalex.org/W2111002669", "https://openalex.org/W2111124561", "https://openalex.org/W2113191739", "https://openalex.org/W2113792506", "https://openalex.org/W2114263594", "https://openalex.org/W2114569484", "https://openalex.org/W2115351694", "https://openalex.org/W2116738317", "https://openalex.org/W2116769437", "https://openalex.org/W2117399666", "https://openalex.org/W2118236249", "https://openalex.org/W2118430863", "https://openalex.org/W2118625042", "https://openalex.org/W2118832237", "https://openalex.org/W2118933186", "https://openalex.org/W2120702745", "https://openalex.org/W2121541397", "https://openalex.org/W2121680012", "https://openalex.org/W2121796784", "https://openalex.org/W2122201092", "https://openalex.org/W2122326747", "https://openalex.org/W2122692949", "https://openalex.org/W2123101179", "https://openalex.org/W2123294940", "https://openalex.org/W2123626923", "https://openalex.org/W2124075431", "https://openalex.org/W2124643414", "https://openalex.org/W2124969939", "https://openalex.org/W2125142163", "https://openalex.org/W2125186534", "https://openalex.org/W2125883224", "https://openalex.org/W2125911216", "https://openalex.org/W2126015108", "https://openalex.org/W2126041330", "https://openalex.org/W2126252120", "https://openalex.org/W2126659372", "https://openalex.org/W2126872292", "https://openalex.org/W2126909685", "https://openalex.org/W2127030078", "https://openalex.org/W2127764695", "https://openalex.org/W2128337888", "https://openalex.org/W2129343639", "https://openalex.org/W2129636876", "https://openalex.org/W2130483587", "https://openalex.org/W2130583481", "https://openalex.org/W2131113287", "https://openalex.org/W2131564313", "https://openalex.org/W2131763120", "https://openalex.org/W2132371531", "https://openalex.org/W2132458388", "https://openalex.org/W2132471356", "https://openalex.org/W2132519396", "https://openalex.org/W2132853586", "https://openalex.org/W2134397801", "https://openalex.org/W2135253448", "https://openalex.org/W2135276646", "https://openalex.org/W2135467506", "https://openalex.org/W2135848716", "https://openalex.org/W2135992816", "https://openalex.org/W2136404227", "https://openalex.org/W2136787003", "https://openalex.org/W2137240325", "https://openalex.org/W2137494623", "https://openalex.org/W2138770773", "https://openalex.org/W2140227474", "https://openalex.org/W2140302582", "https://openalex.org/W2140508767", "https://openalex.org/W2140735332", "https://openalex.org/W2141694978", "https://openalex.org/W2142232471", "https://openalex.org/W2142284366", "https://openalex.org/W2143072217", "https://openalex.org/W2143530085", "https://openalex.org/W2143806009", "https://openalex.org/W2144883929", "https://openalex.org/W2145200495", "https://openalex.org/W2145623173", "https://openalex.org/W2145891896", "https://openalex.org/W2145905372", "https://openalex.org/W2146447854", "https://openalex.org/W2147780833", "https://openalex.org/W2148102216", "https://openalex.org/W2148727265", "https://openalex.org/W2148781546", "https://openalex.org/W2149055705", "https://openalex.org/W2149180041", "https://openalex.org/W2149221382", "https://openalex.org/W2149357954", "https://openalex.org/W2149480969", "https://openalex.org/W2150990842", "https://openalex.org/W2151484055", "https://openalex.org/W2151724815", "https://openalex.org/W2152048301", "https://openalex.org/W2154470510", "https://openalex.org/W2155116701", "https://openalex.org/W2155639397", "https://openalex.org/W2156343908", "https://openalex.org/W2157158190", "https://openalex.org/W2157471954", "https://openalex.org/W2157788787", "https://openalex.org/W2157997314", "https://openalex.org/W2158146138", "https://openalex.org/W2158708138", "https://openalex.org/W2160846242", "https://openalex.org/W2160851036", "https://openalex.org/W2161044162", "https://openalex.org/W2161184454", "https://openalex.org/W2161213313", "https://openalex.org/W2161365979", "https://openalex.org/W2162283541", "https://openalex.org/W2162638459", "https://openalex.org/W2163323423", "https://openalex.org/W2163430099", "https://openalex.org/W2164016425", "https://openalex.org/W2164320656", "https://openalex.org/W2164724448", "https://openalex.org/W2164777277", "https://openalex.org/W2165066223", "https://openalex.org/W2166014048", "https://openalex.org/W2166141918", "https://openalex.org/W2166286418", "https://openalex.org/W2167039480", "https://openalex.org/W2167210173", "https://openalex.org/W2167457947", "https://openalex.org/W2167589313", "https://openalex.org/W2167784233", "https://openalex.org/W2168229022", "https://openalex.org/W2168296094", "https://openalex.org/W2168825224", "https://openalex.org/W2169596548", "https://openalex.org/W2169917084", "https://openalex.org/W2169950097", "https://openalex.org/W2170170132", "https://openalex.org/W2171047010", "https://openalex.org/W2171696262", "https://openalex.org/W2172227851", "https://openalex.org/W2184544086", "https://openalex.org/W2185299292", "https://openalex.org/W2185449596", "https://openalex.org/W2221031758", "https://openalex.org/W2233897648", "https://openalex.org/W2252862327", "https://openalex.org/W2259216382", "https://openalex.org/W2264295028", "https://openalex.org/W2264739748", "https://openalex.org/W2270423120", "https://openalex.org/W2284723633", "https://openalex.org/W2312822940", "https://openalex.org/W2318548343", "https://openalex.org/W2319058769", "https://openalex.org/W2319398668", "https://openalex.org/W2320707121", "https://openalex.org/W2322129462", "https://openalex.org/W2322551138", "https://openalex.org/W2323792253", "https://openalex.org/W2325265787", "https://openalex.org/W2327530675", "https://openalex.org/W2328519638", "https://openalex.org/W2334787351", "https://openalex.org/W2407428963", "https://openalex.org/W2413188945", "https://openalex.org/W2413835927", "https://openalex.org/W2462534983", "https://openalex.org/W2469592378", "https://openalex.org/W2470677730", "https://openalex.org/W2471442249", "https://openalex.org/W2478543320", "https://openalex.org/W2494617671", "https://openalex.org/W2811340222", "https://openalex.org/W2904324371", "https://openalex.org/W3124232766", "https://openalex.org/W4229680409", "https://openalex.org/W4230405456", "https://openalex.org/W4238684482", "https://openalex.org/W4240313749", "https://openalex.org/W4241781975", "https://openalex.org/W4244607962", "https://openalex.org/W4245360332", "https://openalex.org/W4245654844", "https://openalex.org/W4245717598", "https://openalex.org/W4246086442", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2032086542", "https://openalex.org/W2347830809", "https://openalex.org/W2377373329", "https://openalex.org/W4386390828", "https://openalex.org/W162406202", "https://openalex.org/W2349081792", "https://openalex.org/W2384920399", "https://openalex.org/W2958975824", "https://openalex.org/W3027220834", "https://openalex.org/W3113082991"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0], "paper": [1], "provides": [2], "a": [3, 24, 41, 51, 139, 171], "concise": [4], "but": [5], "comprehensive": [6], "review": [7, 26, 61, 120, 140], "of": [8, 27, 141, 191], "research": [9, 31, 62, 121, 193], "on": [10, 23, 63, 122], "religion/spirituality": [11], "(R/S)": [12], "and": [13, 17, 38, 65, 73, 86, 88, 101, 105, 111, 124, 134, 145, 153, 165, 195], "both": [14, 71], "mental": [15, 66, 75, 116], "health": [16, 76, 125, 185], "physical": [18, 129, 162, 179], "health.": [19, 117, 180], "It": [20], "is": [21], "based": [22], "systematic": [25], "original": [28], "data-based": [29], "quantitative": [30], "published": [32, 45], "in": [33, 189, 198], "peer-reviewed": [34], "journals": [35], "between": [36, 143], "1872": [37], "2010,": [39], "including": [40], "few": [42], "seminal": [43], "articles": [44], "since": [46], "2010.": [47], "First,": [48], "I": [49, 60, 107, 119, 168, 182], "provide": [50], "brief": [52], "historical": [53], "background": [54], "to": [55], "set": [56], "the": [57], "stage.": [58], "Then": [59], "R/S": [64, 113, 123, 144, 176], "health,": [67], "examining": [68], "relationships": [69, 142], "with": [70], "positive": [72, 79], "negative": [74, 89], "outcomes,": [77], "where": [78], "outcomes": [80, 90], "include": [81], "well-being,": [82], "happiness,": [83], "hope,": [84], "optimism,": [85], "gratefulness,": [87], "involve": [91], "depression,": [92], "suicide,": [93], "anxiety,": [94], "psychosis,": [95], "substance": [96], "abuse,": [97], "delinquency/crime,": [98], "marital": [99], "instability,": [100], "personality": [102], "traits": [103], "(positive": [104], "negative).": [106], "then": [108, 169], "explain": [109], "how": [110, 175], "why": [112], "might": [114, 177], "influence": [115, 178], "Next,": [118], "behaviors": [126], "such": [127], "as": [128], "activity,": [130], "cigarette": [131], "smoking,": [132], "diet,": [133], "sexual": [135], "practices,": [136], "followed": [137], "by": [138], "heart": [146], "disease,": [147, 150], "hypertension,": [148], "cerebrovascular": [149], "Alzheimer's": [151], "disease": [152], "dementia,": [154], "immune": [155], "functions,": [156, 158], "endocrine": [157], "cancer,": [159], "overall": [160], "mortality,": [161], "disability,": [163], "pain,": [164], "somatic": [166], "symptoms.": [167], "present": [170], "theoretical": [172], "model": [173], "explaining": [174], "Finally,": [181], "discuss": [183], "what": [184], "professionals": [186], "should": [187], "do": [188], "light": [190], "these": [192], "findings": [194], "make": [196], "recommendations": [197], "this": [199], "regard.": [200]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 259}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 356}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 236}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 199}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 247}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 248}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 257}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 148}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 132}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 106}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 99}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 55}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 28}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1}], "updated_date": "2026-09-05T08:02:43.246662", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2973820493", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0275", "title": "Evolution of mechanisms and behaviour important for pain", "display_name": "Evolution of mechanisms and behaviour important for pain", "relevance_score": 154.49492, "publication_year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-09-23", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2973820493", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0275", "mag": "2973820493", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31544614"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0275", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0275", "pdf_url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2019.0275", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S91660768", "display_name": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences", "issn_l": "0962-8436", "issn": ["0962-8436", "1471-2970"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319787", "host_organization_name": "Royal Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Royal Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2019.0275", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5077167446", "display_name": "Edgar T. Walters", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0718-102X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I919571938", "display_name": "The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston", "ror": "https://ror.org/03gds6c39", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Edgar T. Walters", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0718-102X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5013594231", "display_name": "Amanda C de C Williams", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3761-8704"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I45129253", "display_name": "University College London", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jx3x895", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I124357947", "https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Amanda C. de C. Williams", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3761-8704", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5013594231", "https://openalex.org/A5077167446"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I45129253", "https://openalex.org/I919571938"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 6.8384, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 136, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.97778393, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "374", "issue": "1785", "first_page": "20190275", "last_page": "20190275"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10196", "display_name": "Pain Mechanisms and Treatments", "score": 0.9980000257492065, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2737", "display_name": "Physiology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10196", "display_name": "Pain Mechanisms and Treatments", "score": 0.9980000257492065, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2737", "display_name": "Physiology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10423", "display_name": "Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research", "score": 0.9901999831199646, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2804", "display_name": "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10708", "display_name": "Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions", "score": 0.9740999937057495, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3203", "display_name": "Clinical Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/context", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "score": 0.524155855178833}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "score": 0.5127500295639038}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nociceptor", "display_name": "Nociceptor", "score": 0.48176881670951843}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-pain", "display_name": "Chronic pain", "score": 0.46673452854156494}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/human-evolution", "display_name": "Human evolution", "score": 0.46522805094718933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cephalopod", "display_name": "Cephalopod", "score": 0.43975794315338135}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nociception", "display_name": "Nociception", "score": 0.4280781149864197}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.39401400089263916}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "score": 0.33029019832611084}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.3123931884765625}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology", "display_name": "Ecology", "score": 0.2695266902446747}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.524155855178833}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.5127500295639038}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C172659308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412542", "display_name": "Nociceptor", "level": 4, "score": 0.48176881670951843}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781118164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088113", "display_name": "Chronic pain", "level": 2, "score": 0.46673452854156494}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185554395", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83944", "display_name": "Human evolution", "level": 2, "score": 0.46522805094718933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780438927", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128257", "display_name": "Cephalopod", "level": 2, "score": 0.43975794315338135}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15490471", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734305", "display_name": "Nociception", "level": 3, "score": 0.4280781149864197}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.39401400089263916}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.33029019832611084}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.3123931884765625}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.2695266902446747}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205", "display_name": "Paleontology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C170493617", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467", "display_name": "Receptor", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005075", "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005075", "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005075", "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007448", "descriptor_name": "Invertebrates", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007448", "descriptor_name": "Invertebrates", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007448", "descriptor_name": "Invertebrates", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010146", "descriptor_name": "Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000209", "qualifier_name": "etiology", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010146", "descriptor_name": "Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000209", "qualifier_name": "etiology", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010146", "descriptor_name": "Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000209", "qualifier_name": "etiology", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010146", "descriptor_name": "Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000503", "qualifier_name": "physiopathology", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010146", "descriptor_name": "Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000503", "qualifier_name": "physiopathology", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010146", "descriptor_name": "Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000503", "qualifier_name": "physiopathology", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010146", "descriptor_name": "Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000662", "qualifier_name": "veterinary", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010146", "descriptor_name": "Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000662", "qualifier_name": "veterinary", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010146", "descriptor_name": "Pain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000662", "qualifier_name": "veterinary", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014714", "descriptor_name": "Vertebrates", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014714", "descriptor_name": "Vertebrates", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014714", "descriptor_name": "Vertebrates", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059225", "descriptor_name": "Nociception", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059225", "descriptor_name": "Nociception", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059225", "descriptor_name": "Nociception", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0275", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0275", "pdf_url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2019.0275", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S91660768", "display_name": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences", "issn_l": "0962-8436", "issn": ["0962-8436", "1471-2970"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319787", "host_organization_name": "Royal Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Royal Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:31544614", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31544614", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences", "raw_type": "Introductory Journal Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5752019", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6790384", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10083245", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10083245/", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400024", "display_name": "UCL Discovery (University College London)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I45129253", "host_organization_name": "University College London", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I45129253"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Philosophical Transactions B: Biological Sciences , 374 (1785) (2019)", "raw_type": "Article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0275", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0275", "pdf_url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2019.0275", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S91660768", "display_name": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences", "issn_l": "0962-8436", "issn": ["0962-8436", "1471-2970"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319787", "host_organization_name": "Royal Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Royal Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2973820493.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2973820493.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 57, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W288230236", "https://openalex.org/W825792433", "https://openalex.org/W1496228533", "https://openalex.org/W1500504256", "https://openalex.org/W1567293114", "https://openalex.org/W1967708711", "https://openalex.org/W1975425428", "https://openalex.org/W1992863847", "https://openalex.org/W2003646312", "https://openalex.org/W2008148786", "https://openalex.org/W2020725767", "https://openalex.org/W2025097580", "https://openalex.org/W2027346833", "https://openalex.org/W2035605437", "https://openalex.org/W2058878920", "https://openalex.org/W2065244911", "https://openalex.org/W2067592413", "https://openalex.org/W2067792927", "https://openalex.org/W2075468715", "https://openalex.org/W2075715972", "https://openalex.org/W2109933817", "https://openalex.org/W2122999300", "https://openalex.org/W2123028538", "https://openalex.org/W2147490203", "https://openalex.org/W2191626018", "https://openalex.org/W2399802263", "https://openalex.org/W2521699409", "https://openalex.org/W2547814918", "https://openalex.org/W2775133377", "https://openalex.org/W2783663085", "https://openalex.org/W2801844880", "https://openalex.org/W2807520155", "https://openalex.org/W2887507772", "https://openalex.org/W2918168450", "https://openalex.org/W2961512677", "https://openalex.org/W2973302099", "https://openalex.org/W2973354953", "https://openalex.org/W2973431095", "https://openalex.org/W2973431296", "https://openalex.org/W2973508371", "https://openalex.org/W2973624505", "https://openalex.org/W2973687652", "https://openalex.org/W2973739363", "https://openalex.org/W2973825140", "https://openalex.org/W2973846585", "https://openalex.org/W2974085713", "https://openalex.org/W2974426106", "https://openalex.org/W2974514780", "https://openalex.org/W2974638258", "https://openalex.org/W2974667023", "https://openalex.org/W2974860750", "https://openalex.org/W2974895648", "https://openalex.org/W2974924788", "https://openalex.org/W4213256327", "https://openalex.org/W4236651724", "https://openalex.org/W6687464154", "https://openalex.org/W7019210949"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4301220575", "https://openalex.org/W2978784198", "https://openalex.org/W2482037757", "https://openalex.org/W2031151039", "https://openalex.org/W2014904041", "https://openalex.org/W2091297376", "https://openalex.org/W3024820447", "https://openalex.org/W4237936818", "https://openalex.org/W2058878920", "https://openalex.org/W2023670650"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Our": [0], "understanding": [1], "of": [2, 5, 27, 53, 67, 84, 99, 148, 154, 190, 196, 203], "the": [3, 41, 51, 81, 97, 103, 188, 197], "biology": [4], "pain": [6, 32, 59, 100, 174], "is": [7, 194], "limited": [8], "by": [9, 102], "our": [10], "ignorance": [11], "about": [12, 18], "its": [13], "evolution.": [14], "We": [15, 167], "know": [16], "little": [17], "how": [19, 40, 173], "states": [20, 33, 46], "in": [21, 87, 118], "other": [22], "species": [23], "showing": [24], "various": [25], "degrees": [26], "apparent": [28], "similarity": [29], "to": [30, 36, 62, 74, 165, 180, 186], "human": [31, 37], "are": [34, 60, 156], "related": [35], "pain,": [38], "or": [39], "mechanisms": [42, 54, 69, 204], "essential": [43], "for": [44, 58, 208], "pain-related": [45, 116, 149], "evolved.": [47], "Nevertheless,": [48], "insights": [49], "into": [50], "evolution": [52, 98, 189], "and": [55, 70, 80, 115, 123, 127, 131, 145, 151, 159, 205], "behaviour": [56, 117, 206], "important": [57, 207], "beginning": [61], "emerge": [63], "from": [64, 109], "wide-ranging": [65], "investigations": [66], "cellular": [68], "behavioural": [71, 150], "responses": [72, 86], "linked": [73], "nociceptor": [75], "activation,": [76], "tissue": [77], "injury,": [78], "inflammation": [79], "environmental": [82], "context": [83], "these": [85, 140], "diverse": [88], "species.": [89], "In": [90], "February": [91], "2019,": [92], "an": [93], "unprecedented": [94], "meeting": [95, 200], "on": [96], "hosted": [101], "Royal": [104], "Society": [105], "brought": [106], "together": [107], "scientists": [108], "disparate": [110], "fields": [111], "who": [112], "investigate": [113], "nociception": [114], "crustaceans,": [119], "insects,": [120], "leeches,": [121], "gastropod": [122], "cephalopod": [124], "molluscs,": [125], "fish": [126], "mammals": [128], "(primarily": [129], "rodents": [130], "humans).": [132], "Here,": [133], "we": [134, 184], "identify": [135], "evolutionary": [136], "themes": [137], "that": [138, 161, 178], "connect": [139], "research": [141], "efforts,": [142], "including": [143, 172], "adaptive": [144], "maladaptive": [146], "features": [147], "neuronal": [152], "alterations-some": [153], "which": [155], "quite": [157], "general,": [158], "some": [160], "may": [162], "apply": [163], "primarily": [164], "humans.": [166], "also": [168], "highlight": [169], "major": [170], "questions,": [171], "should": [175], "be": [176, 181], "defined,": [177], "need": [179], "answered": [182], "as": [183], "seek": [185], "understand": [187], "pain.": [191], "This": [192], "article": [193], "part": [195], "Theo": [198], "Murphy": [199], "issue": [201], "'Evolution": [202], "pain'.": [209]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 27}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 24}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1}], "updated_date": "2026-09-07T09:17:50.787605", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2190733941", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1041", "title": "Why human pain can\u2019t tell us whether fish feel pain", "display_name": "Why human pain can\u2019t tell us whether fish feel pain", "relevance_score": 152.42715, "publication_year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2190733941", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1041", "mag": "2190733941"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1041", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1041", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1041&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "diamond", "oa_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1041&context=animsent", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108078550", "display_name": "Victoria A. Braithwaite", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I130769515", "display_name": "Pennsylvania State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04p491231", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210086114", "display_name": "Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition", "ror": "https://ror.org/00jfeg660", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170201317", "https://openalex.org/I4210086114", "https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Victoria A. Braithwaite", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["The Pennsylvania State University", "Center for Brain, Behavior & Cognition Penn State University"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "The Pennsylvania State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Brain, Behavior & Cognition Penn State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I130769515", "https://openalex.org/I4210086114"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060884256", "display_name": "Paula Droege", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2359-5954"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I130769515", "display_name": "Pennsylvania State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04p491231", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210086114", "display_name": "Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition", "ror": "https://ror.org/00jfeg660", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170201317", "https://openalex.org/I4210086114", "https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Paula Droege", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Brain, Behavior & Cognition Penn State University"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Brain, Behavior & Cognition Penn State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I130769515", "https://openalex.org/I4210086114"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1.341, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 16, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.75662383, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": false}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 98}, "biblio": {"volume": "1", "issue": "3", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10971", "display_name": "Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "score": 0.9944000244140625, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2809", "display_name": "Sensory Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10971", "display_name": "Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies", "score": 0.9944000244140625, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2809", "display_name": "Sensory Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10581", "display_name": "Neural dynamics and brain function", "score": 0.9861000180244446, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2805", "display_name": "Cognitive Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10699", "display_name": "Primate Behavior and Ecology", "score": 0.9851999878883362, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/consciousness", "display_name": "Consciousness", "score": 0.7031837105751038}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/key", "display_name": "Key (lock)", "score": 0.5878649950027466}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.5543870329856873}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.5175606608390808}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/noxious-stimulus", "display_name": "Noxious stimulus", "score": 0.49969935417175293}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroanatomy", "display_name": "Neuroanatomy", "score": 0.4772472381591797}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/human-studies", "display_name": "Human studies", "score": 0.4676133394241333}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "score": 0.3270376920700073}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.2915092706680298}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "score": 0.27713143825531006}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.1632063090801239}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nociception", "display_name": "Nociception", "score": 0.1435932219028473}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery", "display_name": "Fishery", "score": 0.1018955409526825}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.07756733894348145}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C186720457", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087", "display_name": "Consciousness", "level": 2, "score": 0.7031837105751038}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26517878", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039", "display_name": "Key (lock)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5878649950027466}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.5543870329856873}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.5175606608390808}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104211972", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7067309", "display_name": "Noxious stimulus", "level": 4, "score": 0.49969935417175293}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C103378370", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q948647", "display_name": "Neuroanatomy", "level": 2, "score": 0.4772472381591797}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3018263421", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083", "display_name": "Human studies", "level": 2, "score": 0.4676133394241333}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3270376920700073}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.2915092706680298}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.27713143825531006}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.1632063090801239}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15490471", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734305", "display_name": "Nociception", "level": 3, "score": 0.1435932219028473}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.1018955409526825}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.07756733894348145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521", "display_name": "Computer security", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C170493617", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467", "display_name": "Receptor", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1041", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1041", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1041&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:animalstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1041", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/3", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ec76ac3ca32a408789c9043cc3c7b316", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/ec76ac3ca32a408789c9043cc3c7b316", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience, Vol 1, Iss 3 (2016)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org:animsent-1041", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol1/iss3/3", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196113", "display_name": "WBI Studies Repository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1041", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1041", "pdf_url": "https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1041&context=animsent", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764948304", "display_name": "Animal Sentience", "issn_l": "2377-7478", "issn": ["2377-7478"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Animal Sentience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14", "display_name": "Life below water", "score": 0.6499999761581421}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"grobid_xml": true, "pdf": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2190733941.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2190733941.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 8, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2073242833", "https://openalex.org/W2105676377", "https://openalex.org/W2142452004", "https://openalex.org/W2191626018", "https://openalex.org/W2216064553", "https://openalex.org/W6681009850", "https://openalex.org/W6687464154", "https://openalex.org/W6688745473"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4235631914", "https://openalex.org/W97694169", "https://openalex.org/W3016130157", "https://openalex.org/W3212461180", "https://openalex.org/W3198224272", "https://openalex.org/W4248648960", "https://openalex.org/W4225373853", "https://openalex.org/W2896924936", "https://openalex.org/W4239685827", "https://openalex.org/W2313869035"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"In": [0], "his": [1], "target": [2], "article,": [3], "Key": [4, 36, 102], "(2016)": [5], "reviews": [6], "the": [7, 32, 90], "neuroanatomy": [8], "of": [9, 62, 76], "human": [10, 18, 51], "pain": [11, 19, 63], "and": [12, 66, 78], "uses": [13], "what": [14], "is": [15, 44], "known": [16], "about": [17], "to": [20, 47, 70, 92, 111], "argue": [21], "that": [22, 49, 83, 101], "fish": [23, 84], "cannot": [24], "experience": [25], "pain.": [26, 113], "We": [27], "provide": [28, 105], "three": [29], "reasons": [30], "why": [31, 42, 59], "conclusions": [33], "reached": [34], "by": [35], "are": [37], "unsupported.": [38], "They": [39], "consider": [40], "(i)": [41], "it": [43], "not": [45], "sufficient": [46], "conclude": [48], "only": [50], "neural": [52], "structures": [53], "can": [54], "process": [55], "conscious": [56], "pain,": [57], "(ii)": [58], "an": [60, 109], "understanding": [61], "in": [64], "humans": [65], "non-human": [67], "animals": [68], "needs": [69], "be": [71], "based": [72], "within": [73], "a": [74, 98], "framework": [75], "consciousness,": [77], "(iii)": [79], "evidence": [80, 107], "already": [81], "exists": [82], "treated": [85], "with": [86], "noxious": [87], "stimuli": [88], "lose": [89], "ability": [91], "perform": [93], "normal": [94], "behaviours:": [95], "This": [96], "was": [97], "behavioral": [99], "proxy": [100], "proposed": [103], "would": [104], "good": [106], "for": [108], "animal": [110], "feel": [112]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2}], "updated_date": "2026-09-07T09:17:50.787605", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}], "group_by": []}