{"meta": {"count": 969, "db_response_time_ms": 120, "page": 1, "per_page": 25, "groups_count": null, "cost_usd": 0.001}, "results": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/W4378347467", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100657", "title": "Photoresponsive hydrogel-based soft robot: A review", "display_name": "Photoresponsive hydrogel-based soft robot: A review", "relevance_score": 2140.0312, "publication_year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-05-10", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4378347467", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100657", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37229213"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100657", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100657", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210219546", "display_name": "Materials Today Bio", "issn_l": "2590-0064", "issn": ["2590-0064"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Materials Today Bio", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100657", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058835905", "display_name": "Jingang Jiang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-9236"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I100188998", "display_name": "Harbin University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04e6y1282", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jingang Jiang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-9236", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5043444000", "display_name": "Shuainan Xu", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I100188998", "display_name": "Harbin University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04e6y1282", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Shuainan Xu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102421603", "display_name": "Hongyuan Ma", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1594-4912"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I100188998", "display_name": "Harbin University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04e6y1282", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800372957", "display_name": "China Electronics Technology Group Corporation", "ror": "https://ror.org/0098hst83", "country_code": "CN", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hongyuan Ma", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Harbin Branch of Taili Communication Technology Limited, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China", "Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Harbin Branch of Taili Communication Technology Limited, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5052050917", "display_name": "Changpeng Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5047-2526"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I100188998", "display_name": "Harbin University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04e6y1282", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Changpeng Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007087808", "display_name": "Zhiyuan Huang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3475-8384"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204983213", "display_name": "Harbin Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yqg2h08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhiyuan Huang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5058835905"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I100188998"], "apc_list": {"value": 3000, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3000}, "apc_paid": {"value": 3000, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3000}, "fwci": 10.1441, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 81, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99214967, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 98, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "20", "issue": null, "first_page": "100657", "last_page": "100657"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11486", "display_name": "Micro and Nano Robotics", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3104", "display_name": "Condensed Matter Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10338", "display_name": "Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials", "score": 0.9968000054359436, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/self-healing-hydrogels", "display_name": "Self-healing hydrogels", "score": 0.8052865266799927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "score": 0.7959200143814087}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-materials", "display_name": "Soft materials", "score": 0.718980073928833}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/robot", "display_name": "Robot", "score": 0.6138312816619873}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5619401335716248}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics", "display_name": "Robotics", "score": 0.5510915517807007}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.5205758213996887}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability", "display_name": "Adaptability", "score": 0.5085290670394897}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.49041983485221863}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.4314950704574585}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction", "display_name": "Human\u2013computer interaction", "score": 0.40457773208618164}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C108586683", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164826", "display_name": "Self-healing hydrogels", "level": 2, "score": 0.8052865266799927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776058767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "level": 3, "score": 0.7959200143814087}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2982836594", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902144", "display_name": "Soft materials", "level": 2, "score": 0.718980073928833}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C90509273", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012", "display_name": "Robot", "level": 2, "score": 0.6138312816619873}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5619401335716248}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C34413123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978", "display_name": "Robotics", "level": 3, "score": 0.5510915517807007}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.5205758213996887}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177606310", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297", "display_name": "Adaptability", "level": 2, "score": 0.5085290670394897}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.49041983485221863}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4314950704574585}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107457646", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434", "display_name": "Human\u2013computer interaction", "level": 1, "score": 0.40457773208618164}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188027245", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446", "display_name": "Polymer chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100657", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100657", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210219546", "display_name": "Materials Today Bio", "issn_l": "2590-0064", "issn": ["2590-0064"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Materials Today Bio", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:37229213", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37229213", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Materials today. Bio", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10205512", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10205512", "pdf_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10205512/pdf/main.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Mater Today Bio", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aef740e3ccb34138abfcddf8ea601f51", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/aef740e3ccb34138abfcddf8ea601f51", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Materials Today Bio, Vol 20, Iss , Pp 100657- (2023)", "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100657", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100657", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210219546", "display_name": "Materials Today Bio", "issn_l": "2590-0064", "issn": ["2590-0064"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Materials Today Bio", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G2519027102", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "LH2021E081", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320323085", "funder_display_name": "Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320323085", "display_name": "Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province", "ror": null}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 145, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W160104111", "https://openalex.org/W208525513", "https://openalex.org/W1200370352", "https://openalex.org/W1524069151", "https://openalex.org/W1925060808", "https://openalex.org/W1936873979", "https://openalex.org/W1965211157", "https://openalex.org/W1969339340", "https://openalex.org/W1973033192", "https://openalex.org/W1974329537", "https://openalex.org/W1987381981", "https://openalex.org/W1989906606", "https://openalex.org/W1991690655", "https://openalex.org/W1998506213", "https://openalex.org/W2005914258", "https://openalex.org/W2007048256", "https://openalex.org/W2014183919", "https://openalex.org/W2015659902", "https://openalex.org/W2020302605", "https://openalex.org/W2022770403", "https://openalex.org/W2026789174", "https://openalex.org/W2067599426", "https://openalex.org/W2075459747", "https://openalex.org/W2086899841", "https://openalex.org/W2099213797", "https://openalex.org/W2106290440", "https://openalex.org/W2108024794", "https://openalex.org/W2108498942", "https://openalex.org/W2145400887", "https://openalex.org/W2153451628", "https://openalex.org/W2168741573", "https://openalex.org/W2313529976", "https://openalex.org/W2315626245", "https://openalex.org/W2343388184", "https://openalex.org/W2419154208", "https://openalex.org/W2464924251", "https://openalex.org/W2526011581", "https://openalex.org/W2531279819", "https://openalex.org/W2531415196", "https://openalex.org/W2540149240", "https://openalex.org/W2549451374", "https://openalex.org/W2559115026", "https://openalex.org/W2573980216", "https://openalex.org/W2576246534", "https://openalex.org/W2586824676", "https://openalex.org/W2587041470", "https://openalex.org/W2605841775", "https://openalex.org/W2610835085", "https://openalex.org/W2611957306", "https://openalex.org/W2620975298", "https://openalex.org/W2689167033", "https://openalex.org/W2729890268", "https://openalex.org/W2743258852", "https://openalex.org/W2747567282", "https://openalex.org/W2749155737", "https://openalex.org/W2754724841", "https://openalex.org/W2755802227", "https://openalex.org/W2761310849", "https://openalex.org/W2762627864", "https://openalex.org/W2768169234", "https://openalex.org/W2772035747", "https://openalex.org/W2773783903", "https://openalex.org/W2780235523", "https://openalex.org/W2783235643", "https://openalex.org/W2786572537", "https://openalex.org/W2787894377", "https://openalex.org/W2790041342", "https://openalex.org/W2791490000", "https://openalex.org/W2796415707", "https://openalex.org/W2800319485", "https://openalex.org/W2801519421", "https://openalex.org/W2802112737", "https://openalex.org/W2808364375", "https://openalex.org/W2809433387", "https://openalex.org/W2829286538", "https://openalex.org/W2887777368", "https://openalex.org/W2889683456", "https://openalex.org/W2896706195", "https://openalex.org/W2897276475", "https://openalex.org/W2908553400", "https://openalex.org/W2911818366", "https://openalex.org/W2911833622", "https://openalex.org/W2922022989", "https://openalex.org/W2924729950", "https://openalex.org/W2943840705", "https://openalex.org/W2945957160", "https://openalex.org/W2946598689", "https://openalex.org/W2950330512", "https://openalex.org/W2964959432", "https://openalex.org/W2965360939", "https://openalex.org/W2968822386", "https://openalex.org/W2969509786", "https://openalex.org/W2974706676", "https://openalex.org/W2981163185", "https://openalex.org/W2990751514", "https://openalex.org/W3000102707", "https://openalex.org/W3001270350", "https://openalex.org/W3003281882", "https://openalex.org/W3005904542", "https://openalex.org/W3006405439", "https://openalex.org/W3015281695", "https://openalex.org/W3017003573", "https://openalex.org/W3017981329", "https://openalex.org/W3023387885", "https://openalex.org/W3033402837", "https://openalex.org/W3035767355", "https://openalex.org/W3041849259", "https://openalex.org/W3047411995", "https://openalex.org/W3089403702", "https://openalex.org/W3092735877", "https://openalex.org/W3093061603", "https://openalex.org/W3095572085", "https://openalex.org/W3106065245", "https://openalex.org/W3107540151", "https://openalex.org/W3112236936", "https://openalex.org/W3132026474", "https://openalex.org/W3135354457", "https://openalex.org/W3159701928", "https://openalex.org/W3175098295", "https://openalex.org/W3184781593", "https://openalex.org/W3185516846", "https://openalex.org/W3186419946", "https://openalex.org/W3188930445", "https://openalex.org/W3192775624", "https://openalex.org/W3194654942", "https://openalex.org/W3195041693", "https://openalex.org/W4210664458", "https://openalex.org/W4211246526", "https://openalex.org/W4213456284", "https://openalex.org/W4214877580", "https://openalex.org/W4252663359", "https://openalex.org/W4292182228", "https://openalex.org/W4295978520", "https://openalex.org/W4306651646", "https://openalex.org/W6656114797", "https://openalex.org/W6717493298", "https://openalex.org/W6746734856", "https://openalex.org/W6758366771", "https://openalex.org/W6758681688", "https://openalex.org/W6772882149", "https://openalex.org/W6781954225", "https://openalex.org/W6791283699", "https://openalex.org/W6791431093", "https://openalex.org/W6809299875", "https://openalex.org/W6841952934"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4372197527", "https://openalex.org/W3134474396", "https://openalex.org/W4211124276", "https://openalex.org/W1978753416", "https://openalex.org/W1515749184", "https://openalex.org/W4367041227", "https://openalex.org/W3023990201", "https://openalex.org/W2911666782", "https://openalex.org/W2891132044", "https://openalex.org/W4312473168"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Soft": [0], "robots": [1, 19, 129], "have": [2, 53], "received": [3, 54], "a": [4, 55, 95], "lot": [5, 56], "of": [6, 9, 35, 57, 80, 106, 113, 121, 124, 171, 178], "attention": [7, 58], "because": [8], "their": [10, 24, 61], "great": [11], "human-robot": [12], "interaction": [13], "and": [14, 65, 72, 115, 137, 156, 176, 182], "environmental": [15], "adaptability.": [16], "Most": [17], "soft": [18, 31, 43, 48, 128, 172], "are": [20, 150], "currently": [21, 94], "limited": [22], "in": [23, 77, 111, 127, 159, 168, 187], "applications": [25], "due": [26, 59], "to": [27, 40, 60, 191], "wired": [28], "drives.": [29, 44], "Photoresponsive": [30], "robotics": [32, 49], "is": [33, 93, 130, 163], "one": [34], "the": [36, 46, 74, 78, 83, 103, 122, 141, 153, 169, 193], "most": [37], "effective": [38], "ways": [39], "promote": [41], "wireless": [42], "Among": [45], "many": [47], "materials,": [50], "photoresponsive": [51, 90, 109, 125, 160], "hydrogels": [52, 81, 110, 126], "good": [62], "biocompatibility,": [63], "ductility,": [64], "excellent": [66], "photoresponse": [67], "properties.": [68], "This": [69], "paper": [70, 101], "visualizes": [71], "analyzes": [73], "research": [75, 97, 107], "hotspots": [76], "field": [79, 170], "using": [82], "literature": [84], "analysis": [85], "tool": [86], "Citespace,": [87], "demonstrating": [88], "that": [89], "hydrogel": [91, 161], "technology": [92, 162], "key": [96], "direction.": [98], "Therefore,": [99], "this": [100, 148], "summarizes": [102], "current": [104], "state": [105], "on": [108, 133], "terms": [112], "photochemical": [114], "photothermal": [116], "response": [117], "mechanisms.": [118], "The": [119, 174], "progress": [120], "application": [123, 146, 167, 189], "highlighted": [131], "based": [132], "bilayer,": [134], "gradient,": [135], "orientation,": [136], "patterned": [138], "structures.": [139], "Finally,": [140], "main": [142], "factors": [143], "influencing": [144], "its": [145, 166], "at": [147], "stage": [149], "discussed,": [151], "including": [152], "development": [154], "directions": [155], "insights.": [157], "Advancement": [158], "crucial": [164], "for": [165], "robotics.": [173], "advantages": [175], "disadvantages": [177], "different": [179, 188], "preparation": [180], "methods": [181], "structures": [183], "should": [184], "be": [185], "considered": [186], "scenarios": [190], "select": [192], "best": [194], "design": [195], "scheme.": [196]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 49}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 19}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5}], "updated_date": "2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4362677186", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2023.102892", "title": "Exploration of molecular machines in supramolecular soft robotic systems", "display_name": "Exploration of molecular machines in supramolecular soft robotic systems", "relevance_score": 80.7653, "publication_year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-04-06", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4362677186", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2023.102892", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37084547"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/j.cis.2023.102892", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2023.102892", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S28247071", "display_name": "Advances in Colloid and Interface Science", "issn_l": "0001-8686", "issn": ["0001-8686", "1873-3727"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advances in Colloid and Interface Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5048298728", "display_name": "Anson Kwok\u2010Hei Chau", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I14243506", "display_name": "Hong Kong Polytechnic University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0030zas98", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}], "countries": ["HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Anson Kwok-Hei Chau", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045976707", "display_name": "Franco King\u2010Chi Leung", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0895-9307"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I14243506", "display_name": "Hong Kong Polytechnic University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0030zas98", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I182722699", "display_name": "Shenzhen Polytechnic University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00d2w9g53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I182722699"]}], "countries": ["CN", "HK"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Franco King-Chi Leung", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China. Electronic address: kingchifranco.leung@polyu.edu.hk", "The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China", "State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China. Electronic address: kingchifranco.leung@polyu.edu.hk", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I14243506", "https://openalex.org/I182722699"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I182722699", "https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5045976707"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I14243506", "https://openalex.org/I182722699"], "apc_list": {"value": 4850, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4850}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 4.2959, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 30, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.95153259, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 99}, "biblio": {"volume": "315", "issue": null, "first_page": "102892", "last_page": "102892"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10578", "display_name": "Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1605", "display_name": "Organic Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10578", "display_name": "Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1605", "display_name": "Organic Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11419", "display_name": "Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2502", "display_name": "Biomaterials"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9979000091552734, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/supramolecular-chemistry", "display_name": "Supramolecular chemistry", "score": 0.8372001647949219}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-materials", "display_name": "Soft materials", "score": 0.6446868181228638}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.6178457140922546}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "score": 0.5982053875923157}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-machine", "display_name": "Molecular machine", "score": 0.5540008544921875}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5428878664970398}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/key", "display_name": "Key (lock)", "score": 0.5360901951789856}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.3527202606201172}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/robot", "display_name": "Robot", "score": 0.3364643454551697}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.3277945816516876}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.17191606760025024}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecule", "display_name": "Molecule", "score": 0.14481523633003235}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C93275456", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756449", "display_name": "Supramolecular chemistry", "level": 3, "score": 0.8372001647949219}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2982836594", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902144", "display_name": "Soft materials", "level": 2, "score": 0.6446868181228638}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.6178457140922546}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776058767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "level": 3, "score": 0.5982053875923157}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C139425391", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2726733", "display_name": "Molecular machine", "level": 2, "score": 0.5540008544921875}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5428878664970398}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26517878", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039", "display_name": "Key (lock)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5360901951789856}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3527202606201172}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C90509273", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012", "display_name": "Robot", "level": 2, "score": 0.3364643454551697}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.3277945816516876}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.17191606760025024}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C32909587", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369", "display_name": "Molecule", "level": 2, "score": 0.14481523633003235}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521", "display_name": "Computer security", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/j.cis.2023.102892", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2023.102892", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S28247071", "display_name": "Advances in Colloid and Interface Science", "issn_l": "0001-8686", "issn": ["0001-8686", "1873-3727"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advances in Colloid and Interface Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:37084547", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37084547", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advances in colloid and interface science", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.5299999713897705, "display_name": "Industry, innovation and infrastructure", "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G5948884741", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "GRF 15300521", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335882", "funder_display_name": "General Research Fund of Shanghai Normal University"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6342336003", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "ECS 25301320", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321592", "funder_display_name": "Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6587960214", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "22001223", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320904", "display_name": "Croucher Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/04741mc34"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321592", "display_name": "Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee", "ror": "https://ror.org/00djwmt25"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335882", "display_name": "General Research Fund of Shanghai Normal University", "ror": null}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 134, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W321334488", "https://openalex.org/W578583090", "https://openalex.org/W1216970648", "https://openalex.org/W1488122477", "https://openalex.org/W1787782204", "https://openalex.org/W1881554784", "https://openalex.org/W1946519905", "https://openalex.org/W1964893656", "https://openalex.org/W1966612713", "https://openalex.org/W1967308407", "https://openalex.org/W1968730423", "https://openalex.org/W1973456908", "https://openalex.org/W1977753964", "https://openalex.org/W1989012666", "https://openalex.org/W1993373676", "https://openalex.org/W1994486848", "https://openalex.org/W1996609698", "https://openalex.org/W1997858526", "https://openalex.org/W1998506213", "https://openalex.org/W2000155437", "https://openalex.org/W2003204040", "https://openalex.org/W2007483108", "https://openalex.org/W2011094304", "https://openalex.org/W2011448168", "https://openalex.org/W2016817011", "https://openalex.org/W2022747144", "https://openalex.org/W2023452424", "https://openalex.org/W2027918995", "https://openalex.org/W2029953460", "https://openalex.org/W2030185647", "https://openalex.org/W2032758048", "https://openalex.org/W2042432694", "https://openalex.org/W2044413408", "https://openalex.org/W2044629144", "https://openalex.org/W2053048760", "https://openalex.org/W2060483461", "https://openalex.org/W2067599426", "https://openalex.org/W2069669492", "https://openalex.org/W2072261409", "https://openalex.org/W2074864118", "https://openalex.org/W2076710572", "https://openalex.org/W2080721874", "https://openalex.org/W2090889637", "https://openalex.org/W2092709309", "https://openalex.org/W2099911800", "https://openalex.org/W2102145519", "https://openalex.org/W2109196266", "https://openalex.org/W2117991154", "https://openalex.org/W2122220082", "https://openalex.org/W2129417901", "https://openalex.org/W2133954019", "https://openalex.org/W2140002597", "https://openalex.org/W2143497273", "https://openalex.org/W2146542696", "https://openalex.org/W2147440332", "https://openalex.org/W2148054580", "https://openalex.org/W2153173722", "https://openalex.org/W2158327096", "https://openalex.org/W2159170532", "https://openalex.org/W2160950893", "https://openalex.org/W2162898941", "https://openalex.org/W2163802608", "https://openalex.org/W2163954891", "https://openalex.org/W2165908894", "https://openalex.org/W2166097094", "https://openalex.org/W2169015250", "https://openalex.org/W2179166009", "https://openalex.org/W2216591732", "https://openalex.org/W2224750552", "https://openalex.org/W2228784587", "https://openalex.org/W2255845288", "https://openalex.org/W2266720690", "https://openalex.org/W2313148645", "https://openalex.org/W2314970156", "https://openalex.org/W2318921584", "https://openalex.org/W2321077391", "https://openalex.org/W2327885587", "https://openalex.org/W2328955275", "https://openalex.org/W2346901757", "https://openalex.org/W2395182341", "https://openalex.org/W2405346495", "https://openalex.org/W2523194330", "https://openalex.org/W2528797353", "https://openalex.org/W2538774312", "https://openalex.org/W2587481715", "https://openalex.org/W2592473444", "https://openalex.org/W2595335963", "https://openalex.org/W2600030158", "https://openalex.org/W2600090006", "https://openalex.org/W2605768989", "https://openalex.org/W2610835085", "https://openalex.org/W2725448720", "https://openalex.org/W2727562423", "https://openalex.org/W2729350514", "https://openalex.org/W2741722526", "https://openalex.org/W2753898632", "https://openalex.org/W2754483224", "https://openalex.org/W2764314937", "https://openalex.org/W2765383414", "https://openalex.org/W2767836850", "https://openalex.org/W2769872877", "https://openalex.org/W2773471129", "https://openalex.org/W2782084996", "https://openalex.org/W2788994969", "https://openalex.org/W2808208968", "https://openalex.org/W2808293396", "https://openalex.org/W2885016622", "https://openalex.org/W2892556516", "https://openalex.org/W2899852749", "https://openalex.org/W2901278928", "https://openalex.org/W2919837882", "https://openalex.org/W2949332173", "https://openalex.org/W2989781594", "https://openalex.org/W2996232687", "https://openalex.org/W3011021612", "https://openalex.org/W3018657044", "https://openalex.org/W3035767355", "https://openalex.org/W3047554389", "https://openalex.org/W3093437389", "https://openalex.org/W3097141206", "https://openalex.org/W3108069488", "https://openalex.org/W3121061894", "https://openalex.org/W3139341074", "https://openalex.org/W3154470700", "https://openalex.org/W3197301785", "https://openalex.org/W3213189848", "https://openalex.org/W4200616201", "https://openalex.org/W4211124276", "https://openalex.org/W4213038565", "https://openalex.org/W4288703815", "https://openalex.org/W4291385685", "https://openalex.org/W4301368558", "https://openalex.org/W4313731355", "https://openalex.org/W6711802130"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3134474396", "https://openalex.org/W101656017", "https://openalex.org/W1515749184", "https://openalex.org/W4367041227", "https://openalex.org/W2000031351", "https://openalex.org/W2806506062", "https://openalex.org/W4285221039", "https://openalex.org/W3190856263", "https://openalex.org/W3094251759", "https://openalex.org/W4386543430"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3}], "updated_date": "2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2915400200", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.8b00165", "title": "Photopolymerization in 3D Printing", "display_name": "Photopolymerization in 3D Printing", "relevance_score": 56.696625, "publication_year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-02-20", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2915400200", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.8b00165", "mag": "2915400200"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1021/acsapm.8b00165", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.8b00165", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210221646", "display_name": "ACS Applied Polymer Materials", "issn_l": "2637-6105", "issn": ["2637-6105"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320006", "host_organization_name": "American Chemical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Chemical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ACS Applied Polymer Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.8b00165", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5000107306", "display_name": "Ali Bagheri", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-5856"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I154130895", "display_name": "University of Auckland", "ror": "https://ror.org/03b94tp07", "country_code": "NZ", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}], "countries": ["NZ"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Ali Bagheri", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-5856", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027222316", "display_name": "Jianyong Jin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5521-6277"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I154130895", "display_name": "University of Auckland", "ror": "https://ror.org/03b94tp07", "country_code": "NZ", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}], "countries": ["NZ"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jianyong Jin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5521-6277", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5000107306", "https://openalex.org/A5027222316"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154130895"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 58.2793, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 1353, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99994391, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "1", "issue": "4", "first_page": "593", "last_page": "611"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12570", "display_name": "Photopolymerization techniques and applications", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1605", "display_name": "Organic Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12570", "display_name": "Photopolymerization techniques and applications", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1605", "display_name": "Organic Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10783", "display_name": "Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies", "score": 0.9883000254631042, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2203", "display_name": "Automotive Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10405", "display_name": "Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization", "score": 0.9793000221252441, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1605", "display_name": "Organic Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/photopolymer", "display_name": "Photopolymer", "score": 0.9808562994003296}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/stereolithography", "display_name": "Stereolithography", "score": 0.7837903499603271}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing", "display_name": "3D printing", "score": 0.7518002986907959}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/photoinitiator", "display_name": "Photoinitiator", "score": 0.6514858603477478}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.5781570076942444}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.5475770235061646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microfluidics", "display_name": "Microfluidics", "score": 0.46730896830558777}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polymerization", "display_name": "Polymerization", "score": 0.4610854983329773}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-light-processing", "display_name": "Digital Light Processing", "score": 0.4495052099227905}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer", "display_name": "Polymer", "score": 0.36825084686279297}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.2722977101802826}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/monomer", "display_name": "Monomer", "score": 0.2125975489616394}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material", "display_name": "Composite material", "score": 0.11806520819664001}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C15487406", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2631097", "display_name": "Photopolymer", "level": 4, "score": 0.9808562994003296}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779154291", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1022471", "display_name": "Stereolithography", "level": 2, "score": 0.7837903499603271}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C524769229", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367", "display_name": "3D printing", "level": 2, "score": 0.7518002986907959}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780634384", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187820", "display_name": "Photoinitiator", "level": 4, "score": 0.6514858603477478}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5781570076942444}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5475770235061646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8673954", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845", "display_name": "Microfluidics", "level": 2, "score": 0.46730896830558777}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C44228677", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181898", "display_name": "Polymerization", "level": 3, "score": 0.4610854983329773}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C64434820", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q523366", "display_name": "Digital Light Processing", "level": 3, "score": 0.4495052099227905}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C521977710", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163", "display_name": "Polymer", "level": 2, "score": 0.36825084686279297}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.2722977101802826}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166940927", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178827", "display_name": "Monomer", "level": 3, "score": 0.2125975489616394}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790", "display_name": "Composite material", "level": 1, "score": 0.11806520819664001}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776865275", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311666", "display_name": "Projector", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C31972630", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240", "display_name": "Computer vision", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1021/acsapm.8b00165", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.8b00165", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210221646", "display_name": "ACS Applied Polymer Materials", "issn_l": "2637-6105", "issn": ["2637-6105"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320006", "host_organization_name": "American Chemical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Chemical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ACS Applied Polymer Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:rune.une.edu.au:1959.11/42110", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/42110", "pdf_url": "https://rune.une.edu.au/web/retrieve/22d97a02-431e-431e-aa31-718a9c866a18", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407055448", "display_name": "RUNE (Research UNE)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Journal Article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1021/acsapm.8b00165", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.8b00165", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210221646", "display_name": "ACS Applied Polymer Materials", "issn_l": "2637-6105", "issn": ["2637-6105"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320006", "host_organization_name": "American Chemical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Chemical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ACS Applied Polymer Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.5199999809265137, "display_name": "Industry, innovation and infrastructure", "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321983", "display_name": "Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jtq1b51"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 218, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W599421615", "https://openalex.org/W882470887", "https://openalex.org/W1490066246", "https://openalex.org/W1553075893", "https://openalex.org/W1555230155", "https://openalex.org/W1600700787", "https://openalex.org/W1630870180", "https://openalex.org/W1679238189", "https://openalex.org/W1752710235", "https://openalex.org/W1758627357", "https://openalex.org/W1830447782", "https://openalex.org/W1895958524", "https://openalex.org/W1895996288", "https://openalex.org/W1902067154", "https://openalex.org/W1911372566", "https://openalex.org/W1911898688", "https://openalex.org/W1947875118", "https://openalex.org/W1965006117", "https://openalex.org/W1968267566", "https://openalex.org/W1975136412", "https://openalex.org/W1975588461", "https://openalex.org/W1979644915", "https://openalex.org/W1984187759", "https://openalex.org/W1986715280", "https://openalex.org/W1987337574", "https://openalex.org/W1987770662", "https://openalex.org/W1988340184", "https://openalex.org/W1991262047", "https://openalex.org/W1992264025", "https://openalex.org/W1994049270", "https://openalex.org/W1996898100", "https://openalex.org/W1998011034", "https://openalex.org/W1998429528", "https://openalex.org/W1998765036", "https://openalex.org/W1998913404", "https://openalex.org/W1999848701", "https://openalex.org/W2003608786", "https://openalex.org/W2005163664", "https://openalex.org/W2006711992", "https://openalex.org/W2014183919", "https://openalex.org/W2015540796", "https://openalex.org/W2015623495", "https://openalex.org/W2016594355", "https://openalex.org/W2017775492", "https://openalex.org/W2020591371", "https://openalex.org/W2021550972", "https://openalex.org/W2027013851", "https://openalex.org/W2030643245", "https://openalex.org/W2031642158", "https://openalex.org/W2036965872", "https://openalex.org/W2038202065", "https://openalex.org/W2040062577", "https://openalex.org/W2043745475", "https://openalex.org/W2044567633", "https://openalex.org/W2046564772", "https://openalex.org/W2047033248", "https://openalex.org/W2047101910", "https://openalex.org/W2047978115", "https://openalex.org/W2049577767", "https://openalex.org/W2051822378", "https://openalex.org/W2055229520", "https://openalex.org/W2056386471", "https://openalex.org/W2057835358", "https://openalex.org/W2059772445", "https://openalex.org/W2061345986", "https://openalex.org/W2072560026", "https://openalex.org/W2072607005", "https://openalex.org/W2074183516", "https://openalex.org/W2080384408", "https://openalex.org/W2082197045", "https://openalex.org/W2082731458", "https://openalex.org/W2090187595", "https://openalex.org/W2090487791", "https://openalex.org/W2091723156", "https://openalex.org/W2098255292", "https://openalex.org/W2098650539", "https://openalex.org/W2102591918", "https://openalex.org/W2102609634", "https://openalex.org/W2104883370", "https://openalex.org/W2104924218", "https://openalex.org/W2108610447", "https://openalex.org/W2110753191", "https://openalex.org/W2116297198", "https://openalex.org/W2117035634", "https://openalex.org/W2118795336", "https://openalex.org/W2121487657", "https://openalex.org/W2122701995", "https://openalex.org/W2126413506", "https://openalex.org/W2129533445", "https://openalex.org/W2129859811", "https://openalex.org/W2134422882", "https://openalex.org/W2136389044", "https://openalex.org/W2138283117", "https://openalex.org/W2141905643", "https://openalex.org/W2146464008", "https://openalex.org/W2147665310", "https://openalex.org/W2149067735", "https://openalex.org/W2152609612", "https://openalex.org/W2155943302", "https://openalex.org/W2156110237", "https://openalex.org/W2156291417", "https://openalex.org/W2156410307", "https://openalex.org/W2158712587", "https://openalex.org/W2164279637", "https://openalex.org/W2166027129", "https://openalex.org/W2167106218", "https://openalex.org/W2167820411", "https://openalex.org/W2171158082", "https://openalex.org/W2174687022", "https://openalex.org/W2178247027", "https://openalex.org/W2184939654", "https://openalex.org/W2187950863", "https://openalex.org/W2188096331", "https://openalex.org/W2191890390", "https://openalex.org/W2197557991", "https://openalex.org/W2208197715", "https://openalex.org/W2221423158", "https://openalex.org/W2226518113", "https://openalex.org/W2254697873", "https://openalex.org/W2264718512", "https://openalex.org/W2266720690", "https://openalex.org/W2277316622", "https://openalex.org/W2277989570", "https://openalex.org/W2288335213", "https://openalex.org/W2288913505", "https://openalex.org/W2293965512", "https://openalex.org/W2297565643", "https://openalex.org/W2299099623", "https://openalex.org/W2313595743", "https://openalex.org/W2315584134", "https://openalex.org/W2318532334", "https://openalex.org/W2321434322", "https://openalex.org/W2323220351", "https://openalex.org/W2327931957", "https://openalex.org/W2329085673", "https://openalex.org/W2334798071", "https://openalex.org/W2338096747", "https://openalex.org/W2339308292", "https://openalex.org/W2341716204", "https://openalex.org/W2343664856", "https://openalex.org/W2344834614", "https://openalex.org/W2378812364", "https://openalex.org/W2397994873", "https://openalex.org/W2474081008", "https://openalex.org/W2491221858", "https://openalex.org/W2491522496", "https://openalex.org/W2496153857", "https://openalex.org/W2498546652", "https://openalex.org/W2500889105", "https://openalex.org/W2509323735", "https://openalex.org/W2524876416", "https://openalex.org/W2534715398", "https://openalex.org/W2545601703", "https://openalex.org/W2551813627", "https://openalex.org/W2553221934", "https://openalex.org/W2556207305", "https://openalex.org/W2562982267", "https://openalex.org/W2563274844", "https://openalex.org/W2566553598", "https://openalex.org/W2571261857", "https://openalex.org/W2571895329", "https://openalex.org/W2572449726", "https://openalex.org/W2573380367", "https://openalex.org/W2581413340", "https://openalex.org/W2582007578", "https://openalex.org/W2585886282", "https://openalex.org/W2587632990", "https://openalex.org/W2592607234", "https://openalex.org/W2593285075", "https://openalex.org/W2593722157", "https://openalex.org/W2594019222", "https://openalex.org/W2594832926", "https://openalex.org/W2596650045", "https://openalex.org/W2601217163", "https://openalex.org/W2605252073", "https://openalex.org/W2606010315", "https://openalex.org/W2611782164", "https://openalex.org/W2620138318", "https://openalex.org/W2621665612", "https://openalex.org/W2726969371", "https://openalex.org/W2727548230", "https://openalex.org/W2735618819", "https://openalex.org/W2741181432", "https://openalex.org/W2745363148", "https://openalex.org/W2751382585", "https://openalex.org/W2753791090", "https://openalex.org/W2756282526", "https://openalex.org/W2757721270", "https://openalex.org/W2765595220", "https://openalex.org/W2769240460", "https://openalex.org/W2770486641", "https://openalex.org/W2770642588", "https://openalex.org/W2770704109", "https://openalex.org/W2777364743", "https://openalex.org/W2782218352", "https://openalex.org/W2784033758", "https://openalex.org/W2784672629", "https://openalex.org/W2788081167", "https://openalex.org/W2788941064", "https://openalex.org/W2790084758", "https://openalex.org/W2790786953", "https://openalex.org/W2794350962", "https://openalex.org/W2796063846", "https://openalex.org/W2800370081", "https://openalex.org/W2800511327", "https://openalex.org/W2801289614", "https://openalex.org/W2802455161", "https://openalex.org/W2803265486", "https://openalex.org/W2808487278", "https://openalex.org/W2810338561", "https://openalex.org/W2883860081", "https://openalex.org/W2886179831", "https://openalex.org/W2890613432", "https://openalex.org/W2893773927", "https://openalex.org/W2898537646", "https://openalex.org/W2902013963", "https://openalex.org/W2925359578", "https://openalex.org/W4244367163"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2371627845", "https://openalex.org/W988724353", "https://openalex.org/W2367637388", "https://openalex.org/W2352333007", "https://openalex.org/W882369995", "https://openalex.org/W2017771814", "https://openalex.org/W2034361796", "https://openalex.org/W2035922572", "https://openalex.org/W3163235717", "https://openalex.org/W4235482809"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 17, 76], "field": [1, 124], "of": [2, 19, 60, 93, 109, 119, 125, 131, 144, 159, 179, 201, 204], "3D": [3, 20, 42, 62, 80, 127, 133, 191, 205], "printing": [4, 21, 43, 128], "is": [5, 82, 136], "continuing": [6], "its": [7], "rapid": [8, 28], "development": [9, 18], "in": [10, 27, 87, 122, 168, 190], "both": [11], "academic": [12], "and": [13, 50, 69, 129, 210], "industrial": [14], "research": [15], "environments.": [16], "technologies": [22], "has": [23], "opened": [24], "new": [25, 202], "implementations": [26], "prototyping,": [29], "tooling,": [30], "dentistry,": [31], "microfluidics,": [32], "biomedical": [33], "devices,": [34], "tissue": [35], "engineering,": [36], "drug": [37], "delivery,": [38], "etc.": [39], "Among": [40], "different": [41, 110], "techniques,": [44], "photopolymerization-based": [45, 126], "process": [46], "(such": [47, 65], "as": [48, 66, 157], "stereolithography": [49], "digital": [51], "light": [52, 107], "processing)": [53], "offers": [54], "flexibility": [55], "over": [56], "the": [57, 61, 79, 91, 114, 123, 142, 177, 196], "final": [58], "properties": [59], "printed": [63], "materials": [64, 206], "optical,": [67], "chemical,": [68], "mechanical": [70], "properties)": [71], "using": [72, 85], "versatile": [73], "polymer": [74], "chemistry.": [75], "strategy": [77], "behind": [78], "photopolymerization": [81, 183], "based": [83], "on": [84, 113, 176], "monomers/oligomers": [86], "liquid": [88], "state": [89], "(in": [90], "presence": [92], "photoinitiators)": [94], "that": [95, 140], "can": [96], "be": [97], "photopolymerized": [98], "(via": [99], "radical": [100, 182], "or": [101], "cationic": [102], "mechanism)": [103], "upon": [104], "exposure": [105], "to": [106], "source": [108], "wavelengths": [111], "(depending": [112], "photoinitiator": [115], "system).": [116], "An": [117], "overview": [118], "recent": [120, 174], "evolutions": [121], "highlights": [130], "novel": [132], "printable": [134], "photopolymers": [135, 146], "provided": [137], "herein.": [138], "Challenges": [139], "limit": [141], "use": [143, 178], "conventional": [145], "(i.e.,": [147, 185], "initiation": [148], "under": [149], "UV": [150], "light)": [151], "together": [152], "with": [153, 162, 207], "prospective": [154], "solutions": [155], "such": [156], "incorporation": [158], "photosensitive": [160], "initiators": [161], "red-shifted": [163], "absorptions": [164], "are": [165], "also": [166, 172], "discussed": [167], "detail.": [169], "This": [170], "review": [171], "spotlights": [173], "progress": [175], "controlled": [180], "living": [181, 208], "techniques": [184], "reversible": [186], "addition\u2013fragmentation": [187], "chain-transfer": [188], "polymerization)": [189], "printing,": [192], "which": [193], "will": [194], "pave": [195], "way": [197], "for": [198, 212], "widespread": [199], "growth": [200], "generations": [203], "features": [209], "possibility": [211], "postprinting": [213], "modifications.": [214]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 82}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 265}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 228}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 257}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 217}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 181}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 101}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 22}], "updated_date": "2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2922439236", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201807333", "title": "Design and Applications of Photoresponsive Hydrogels", "display_name": "Design and Applications of Photoresponsive Hydrogels", "relevance_score": 48.584927, "publication_year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-03-08", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2922439236", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201807333", "mag": "2922439236", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30848524"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/adma.201807333", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201807333", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.201807333", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S99352657", "display_name": "Advanced Materials", "issn_l": "0935-9648", "issn": ["0935-9648", "1521-4095"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.201807333", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100440294", "display_name": "Lei Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1867-106X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I102335020", "display_name": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04t3en479", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020", "https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I154099455", "display_name": "Shandong University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0207yh398", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210087370", "display_name": "Applied Materials (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/006471y50", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193427800", "https://openalex.org/I4210087370"]}], "countries": ["CN", "DE", "GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lei Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  Hermann\u2010von\u2010Helmholtz Pl. 1 76344 Eggenstein\u2010Leopoldshafen Germany", "Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University  Jinan 250100 P. R. China", "Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 P. R. China", "Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Pl. 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  Hermann\u2010von\u2010Helmholtz Pl. 1 76344 Eggenstein\u2010Leopoldshafen Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087370"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University  Jinan 250100 P. R. China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 P. R. China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Pl. 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5043550741", "display_name": "Johannes M. Scheiger", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4950-8342"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I102335020", "display_name": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04t3en479", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020", "https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210087370", "display_name": "Applied Materials (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/006471y50", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193427800", "https://openalex.org/I4210087370"]}], "countries": ["DE", "GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Johannes M. Scheiger", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  76131 Karlsruhe Germany", "Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  Hermann\u2010von\u2010Helmholtz Pl. 1 76344 Eggenstein\u2010Leopoldshafen Germany", "Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Pl. 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany", "Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  76131 Karlsruhe Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  Hermann\u2010von\u2010Helmholtz Pl. 1 76344 Eggenstein\u2010Leopoldshafen Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087370"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Pl. 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5050303674", "display_name": "Pavel A. Levkin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5975-948X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I102335020", "display_name": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04t3en479", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020", "https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210087370", "display_name": "Applied Materials (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/006471y50", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193427800", "https://openalex.org/I4210087370"]}], "countries": ["DE", "GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Pavel A. Levkin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  76131 Karlsruhe Germany", "Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  Hermann\u2010von\u2010Helmholtz Pl. 1 76344 Eggenstein\u2010Leopoldshafen Germany", "Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Pl. 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany", "Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5975-948X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  76131 Karlsruhe Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  Hermann\u2010von\u2010Helmholtz Pl. 1 76344 Eggenstein\u2010Leopoldshafen Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087370"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Pl. 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 3, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5050303674"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020", "https://openalex.org/I4210087370"], "apc_list": {"value": 5250, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 5250}, "apc_paid": {"value": 5250, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 5250}, "fwci": 38.6788, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 704, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.9996119, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "31", "issue": "26", "first_page": "e1807333", "last_page": "e1807333"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9987000226974487, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9987000226974487, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10343", "display_name": "Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications", "score": 0.9976000189781189, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1313", "display_name": "Molecular Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11708", "display_name": "Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry", "score": 0.9954000115394592, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/self-healing-hydrogels", "display_name": "Self-healing hydrogels", "score": 0.8847223520278931}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.8579561710357666}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.5762110948562622}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-chemistry", "display_name": "Polymer chemistry", "score": 0.16573691368103027}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C108586683", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164826", "display_name": "Self-healing hydrogels", "level": 2, "score": 0.8847223520278931}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.8579561710357666}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5762110948562622}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188027245", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446", "display_name": "Polymer chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.16573691368103027}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1002/adma.201807333", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201807333", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.201807333", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S99352657", "display_name": "Advanced Materials", "issn_l": "0935-9648", "issn": ["0935-9648", "1521-4095"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:30848524", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30848524", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9285504", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9285504", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Adv Mater", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/adma.201807333", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201807333", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.201807333", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S99352657", "display_name": "Advanced Materials", "issn_l": "0935-9648", "issn": ["0935-9648", "1521-4095"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.41999998688697815, "display_name": "Clean water and sanitation", "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G5030688872", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "337077\u2010DropCellArray", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334678", "funder_display_name": "European Research Council"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334678", "display_name": "European Research Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2922439236.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2922439236.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 146, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1573420", "https://openalex.org/W1019363471", "https://openalex.org/W1701370353", "https://openalex.org/W1911372566", "https://openalex.org/W1936873979", "https://openalex.org/W1966989580", "https://openalex.org/W1968324970", "https://openalex.org/W1969339340", "https://openalex.org/W1970192482", "https://openalex.org/W1971077105", "https://openalex.org/W1974008634", "https://openalex.org/W1980023437", "https://openalex.org/W1982052532", "https://openalex.org/W1988299241", "https://openalex.org/W1993004937", "https://openalex.org/W1999565973", "https://openalex.org/W2002921086", "https://openalex.org/W2006626083", "https://openalex.org/W2016893951", "https://openalex.org/W2020589030", "https://openalex.org/W2021443749", "https://openalex.org/W2028582107", "https://openalex.org/W2029701352", "https://openalex.org/W2030233835", "https://openalex.org/W2033634360", "https://openalex.org/W2036213518", "https://openalex.org/W2036725443", "https://openalex.org/W2045749395", "https://openalex.org/W2047134067", "https://openalex.org/W2050479047", "https://openalex.org/W2058247153", "https://openalex.org/W2058310958", "https://openalex.org/W2062507636", "https://openalex.org/W2063625749", "https://openalex.org/W2064612367", "https://openalex.org/W2067599426", "https://openalex.org/W2067823628", "https://openalex.org/W2067897176", "https://openalex.org/W2069853245", "https://openalex.org/W2073094817", "https://openalex.org/W2074630757", "https://openalex.org/W2076790416", "https://openalex.org/W2077437435", "https://openalex.org/W2077474285", "https://openalex.org/W2082581230", "https://openalex.org/W2084610464", "https://openalex.org/W2088868630", "https://openalex.org/W2091225240", "https://openalex.org/W2091366761", "https://openalex.org/W2092860016", "https://openalex.org/W2099164785", "https://openalex.org/W2102101594", "https://openalex.org/W2104676217", "https://openalex.org/W2107602208", "https://openalex.org/W2108024794", "https://openalex.org/W2113959224", "https://openalex.org/W2120348528", "https://openalex.org/W2122146362", "https://openalex.org/W2125160663", "https://openalex.org/W2128176092", "https://openalex.org/W2131826089", "https://openalex.org/W2134961127", "https://openalex.org/W2155478020", "https://openalex.org/W2156070364", "https://openalex.org/W2162898941", "https://openalex.org/W2163187809", "https://openalex.org/W2165694975", "https://openalex.org/W2169175469", "https://openalex.org/W2178884381", "https://openalex.org/W2207839632", "https://openalex.org/W2217861094", "https://openalex.org/W2232321619", "https://openalex.org/W2258448753", "https://openalex.org/W2271022870", "https://openalex.org/W2273513969", "https://openalex.org/W2304890178", "https://openalex.org/W2313529976", "https://openalex.org/W2319300015", "https://openalex.org/W2323069486", "https://openalex.org/W2325439480", "https://openalex.org/W2344920256", "https://openalex.org/W2346901757", "https://openalex.org/W2419460078", "https://openalex.org/W2438676060", "https://openalex.org/W2472013301", "https://openalex.org/W2503067859", "https://openalex.org/W2510908705", "https://openalex.org/W2520670653", "https://openalex.org/W2550987322", "https://openalex.org/W2576207956", "https://openalex.org/W2586824676", "https://openalex.org/W2589654725", "https://openalex.org/W2593814449", "https://openalex.org/W2595595356", "https://openalex.org/W2605841775", "https://openalex.org/W2606053354", "https://openalex.org/W2610835085", "https://openalex.org/W2612433426", "https://openalex.org/W2615033443", "https://openalex.org/W2619320260", "https://openalex.org/W2619609394", "https://openalex.org/W2626162464", "https://openalex.org/W2651175000", "https://openalex.org/W2743849855", "https://openalex.org/W2744341169", "https://openalex.org/W2744685611", "https://openalex.org/W2747064896", "https://openalex.org/W2751812095", "https://openalex.org/W2761499799", "https://openalex.org/W2762627864", "https://openalex.org/W2762738574", "https://openalex.org/W2765131536", "https://openalex.org/W2773114372", "https://openalex.org/W2773471129", "https://openalex.org/W2774909725", "https://openalex.org/W2780235523", "https://openalex.org/W2782504069", "https://openalex.org/W2782650724", "https://openalex.org/W2782940950", "https://openalex.org/W2783235643", "https://openalex.org/W2786247231", "https://openalex.org/W2786872541", "https://openalex.org/W2786983348", "https://openalex.org/W2787894377", "https://openalex.org/W2788339896", "https://openalex.org/W2789474405", "https://openalex.org/W2790378459", "https://openalex.org/W2791381063", "https://openalex.org/W2791775506", "https://openalex.org/W2791853162", "https://openalex.org/W2800319485", "https://openalex.org/W2800356358", "https://openalex.org/W2803634211", "https://openalex.org/W2805325577", "https://openalex.org/W2810996120", "https://openalex.org/W2811310045", "https://openalex.org/W2878752601", "https://openalex.org/W2884183699", "https://openalex.org/W2885525771", "https://openalex.org/W2885720462", "https://openalex.org/W2889476004", "https://openalex.org/W2890711803", "https://openalex.org/W2894880217", "https://openalex.org/W2913285742", "https://openalex.org/W2922439236", "https://openalex.org/W4240800753"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2038809418", "https://openalex.org/W2277257395", "https://openalex.org/W2485176123", "https://openalex.org/W4211054287", "https://openalex.org/W2891312418", "https://openalex.org/W2493939882", "https://openalex.org/W2503803213", "https://openalex.org/W2800680006", "https://openalex.org/W2379987675"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Hydrogels": [0], "are": [1, 117, 161], "the": [2, 22, 57, 88, 97, 110, 150, 156, 166], "most": [3], "relevant": [4, 112, 167], "biochemical": [5], "scaffold": [6], "due": [7], "to": [8, 31, 36, 146], "their": [9], "tunable": [10], "properties,": [11, 81], "inherent": [12, 67], "biocompatibility,": [13], "and": [14, 18, 66, 69, 85, 125, 152], "similarity": [15], "with": [16, 129], "tissue": [17], "cell": [19], "environments.": [20], "Over": [21], "past": [23], "decade,": [24], "hydrogels": [25, 116, 134, 160], "have": [26], "developed": [27], "from": [28, 143], "static": [29], "materials": [30, 34], "\"smart\"": [32], "responsive": [33], "adapting": [35], "various": [37], "stimuli,": [38], "such": [39, 82], "as": [40, 83, 94, 96], "pH,": [41], "temperature,": [42], "chemical,": [43], "electrical,": [44], "or": [45], "light.": [46], "Light": [47], "stimulation": [48], "is": [49, 104], "particularly": [50], "interesting": [51], "for": [52, 107, 120, 137], "many": [53], "applications": [54, 138, 172], "because": [55], "of": [56, 59, 63, 90, 99, 158], "capability": [58], "contact-free": [60], "remote": [61], "manipulation": [62], "biomaterial": [64], "properties": [65], "spatial": [68], "temporal": [70], "control.": [71], "Moreover,": [72], "light": [73, 108, 130], "can": [74], "be": [75], "finely": [76], "adjusted": [77], "in": [78, 109, 139, 155, 173], "its": [79], "intrinsic": [80], "wavelength": [84], "intensity": [86], "(i.e.,": [87], "energy": [89], "an": [91], "individual": [92], "photon": [93], "well": [95], "number": [98], "photons": [100], "over": [101], "time).": [102], "Water": [103], "almost": [105], "transparent": [106], "photochemically": [111], "range": [113], "(NIR-UV),": [114], "thus": [115], "well-suited": [118], "scaffolds": [119], "light-responsive": [121, 159], "functionality.": [122], "Hydrogels'": [123], "chemical": [124], "physical": [126], "variety": [127], "combined": [128], "responsiveness": [131], "makes": [132], "photoresponsive": [133], "ideal": [135], "candidates": [136], "several": [140], "fields,": [141], "ranging": [142], "biomaterials,": [144], "medicine": [145], "soft": [147], "robotics.": [148], "Herein,": [149], "progress": [151], "new": [153], "developments": [154], "field": [157], "elaborated": [162], "by": [163], "first": [164], "introducing": [165], "photochemistries": [168], "before": [169], "discussing": [170], "selected": [171], "detail.": [174]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 37}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 146}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 150}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 110}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 90}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 80}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 75}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 16}], "updated_date": "2026-05-12T08:28:47.272897", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2969726979", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901160", "title": "Light\u2010Responsive Smart Soft Matter Technologies", "display_name": "Light\u2010Responsive Smart Soft Matter Technologies", "relevance_score": 47.70137, "publication_year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-08-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2969726979", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901160", "mag": "2969726979"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/adom.201901160", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901160", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adom.201901160", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S108229257", "display_name": "Advanced Optical Materials", "issn_l": "2195-1071", "issn": ["2195-1071"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Optical Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adom.201901160", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100447154", "display_name": "Quan Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9042-360X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I149910238", "display_name": "Kent State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/049pfb863", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Quan Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State University  Kent Ohio 44242 USA", "Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, 44242 USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State University  Kent Ohio 44242 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, 44242 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5048601126", "display_name": "Albertus P. H. J. Schenning", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-1984"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I83019370", "display_name": "Eindhoven University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/02c2kyt77", "country_code": "NL", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}], "countries": ["NL"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Albert P. H. J. Schenning", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratory of Stimuli\u2010responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD) Department Chemical Engineering &amp; Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology  Eindhoven The Netherlands", "Laboratory of Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory of Stimuli\u2010responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD) Department Chemical Engineering &amp; Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology  Eindhoven The Netherlands", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory of Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027854071", "display_name": "Timothy J. Bunning", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1280414376", "display_name": "United States Air Force Research Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e2egq70", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1280414376", "https://openalex.org/I1330347796", "https://openalex.org/I4210102105", "https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2799950915", "display_name": "Wright-Patterson Air Force Base", "ror": "https://ror.org/0097e1k27", "country_code": "US", "type": "other", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1330347796", "https://openalex.org/I2799950915", "https://openalex.org/I4210089612", "https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Timothy J. Bunning", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory  Wright\u2010Patterson AFB Ohio 45433 USA", "Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, 45433 USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory  Wright\u2010Patterson AFB Ohio 45433 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1280414376", "https://openalex.org/I2799950915"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, 45433 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5027854071", "https://openalex.org/A5048601126", "https://openalex.org/A5100447154"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1280414376", "https://openalex.org/I149910238", "https://openalex.org/I2799950915", "https://openalex.org/I83019370"], "apc_list": {"value": 4430, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4430}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 2.9368, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 57, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.91954649, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "7", "issue": "16", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11708", "display_name": "Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry", "score": 0.9259999990463257, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11708", "display_name": "Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry", "score": 0.9259999990463257, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "score": 0.6265718936920166}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/photoisomerization", "display_name": "Photoisomerization", "score": 0.6136632561683655}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-materials", "display_name": "Soft materials", "score": 0.5644412636756897}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.5622091293334961}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.5358221530914307}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-material", "display_name": "Smart material", "score": 0.49654537439346313}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-matter", "display_name": "Soft matter", "score": 0.4844798743724823}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biomimetics", "display_name": "Biomimetics", "score": 0.47619664669036865}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/morphing", "display_name": "Morphing", "score": 0.45600852370262146}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/variety", "display_name": "Variety (cybernetics)", "score": 0.4127844274044037}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.4028281569480896}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.20126581192016602}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator", "display_name": "Actuator", "score": 0.1653830111026764}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.14445337653160095}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.09536418318748474}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776058767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "level": 3, "score": 0.6265718936920166}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C85311670", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349383", "display_name": "Photoisomerization", "level": 4, "score": 0.6136632561683655}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2982836594", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902144", "display_name": "Soft materials", "level": 2, "score": 0.5644412636756897}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5622091293334961}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5358221530914307}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C88484716", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474679", "display_name": "Smart material", "level": 2, "score": 0.49654537439346313}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C48620588", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902144", "display_name": "Soft matter", "level": 3, "score": 0.4844798743724823}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C165062768", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145644", "display_name": "Biomimetics", "level": 2, "score": 0.47619664669036865}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50637493", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136781", "display_name": "Morphing", "level": 2, "score": 0.45600852370262146}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136197465", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295", "display_name": "Variety (cybernetics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4127844274044037}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4028281569480896}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.20126581192016602}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C172707124", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488", "display_name": "Actuator", "level": 2, "score": 0.1653830111026764}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.14445337653160095}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.09536418318748474}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C59789625", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181780", "display_name": "Colloid", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C161790260", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264", "display_name": "Catalysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C42360764", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588", "display_name": "Chemical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126661725", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903420", "display_name": "Isomerization", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1002/adom.201901160", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901160", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adom.201901160", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S108229257", "display_name": "Advanced Optical Materials", "issn_l": "2195-1071", "issn": ["2195-1071"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Optical Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire/20a1e246-2e8d-4b05-a2df-112b97814921", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/20a1e246-2e8d-4b05-a2df-112b97814921", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4406922641", "display_name": "TU/e Research Portal", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Li, Q, Schenning, A P H J & Bunning, T J 2019, 'Light-responsive smart soft matter technologies', Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 7, no. 16, 1901160. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901160", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}, {"id": "pmh:913186", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://library.tue.nl/csp/dare/LinkToRepository.csp?recordnumber=913186", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4406923046", "display_name": "TU/e Research Portal (Eindhoven University of Technology)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "ISSN:2195-1071", "raw_type": "Article / Letter to the editor"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:library.tue.nl:913186", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://repository.tue.nl/913186", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4406923046", "display_name": "TU/e Research Portal (Eindhoven University of Technology)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "ISSN:2195-1071", "raw_type": "Article / Letter to the editor"}, {"id": "pmh:tue:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/20a1e246-2e8d-4b05-a2df-112b97814921", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/20a1e246-2e8d-4b05-a2df-112b97814921", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401843", "display_name": "Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1322597698", "host_organization_name": "Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Optical Materials, 7(16):1901160. Wiley", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/adom.201901160", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901160", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adom.201901160", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S108229257", "display_name": "Advanced Optical Materials", "issn_l": "2195-1071", "issn": ["2195-1071"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Optical Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969726979.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969726979.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3134474396", "https://openalex.org/W3164062986", "https://openalex.org/W1515749184", "https://openalex.org/W3146348205", "https://openalex.org/W4367041227", "https://openalex.org/W2806506062", "https://openalex.org/W3101623566", "https://openalex.org/W4285221039", "https://openalex.org/W2141048944", "https://openalex.org/W3161089714"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Elegant": [0], "natural": [1], "phenomena": [2, 236], "triggered": [3, 787], "by": [4, 16, 42, 263, 330, 691, 719, 767, 788, 805, 1160, 1211, 1233, 1762], "light": [5, 143, 314, 354, 394, 503, 589, 636, 692, 720, 1094, 1168, 1435, 1445, 1497], "are": [6, 40, 244, 261, 407, 473, 528, 729, 803, 1043, 1077, 1086, 1264, 1374, 1386, 1467], "widespread": [7], "in": [8, 29, 50, 82, 116, 169, 240, 282, 308, 379, 396, 452, 486, 575, 599, 632, 657, 738, 753, 764, 853, 869, 917, 931, 939, 961, 975, 987, 1017, 1100, 1251, 1282, 1362, 1381, 1390, 1447, 1468, 1470, 1506, 1530, 1574, 1622, 1632, 1642, 1659, 1746, 1777, 1813, 1838, 1894, 1914, 1934], "our": [9], "everyday": [10], "environment.": [11], "Human": [12], "vision": [13], "is": [14, 278, 328, 594, 604, 694, 772, 886, 985, 1419, 1595, 1618, 1663, 1872, 1892, 1903], "enabled": [15, 152, 186, 329, 766, 1141, 1323], "such": [17, 117, 210, 605, 702], "a": [18, 63, 65, 83, 153, 190, 279, 356, 392, 606, 1078, 1167, 1267, 1324, 1420, 1676, 1774, 1822, 1895, 1915], "light-driven": [19, 194, 235, 331, 1293], "process,": [20], "i.e.,": [21, 372], "photoisomerization": [22, 43, 1214], "of": [23, 44, 67, 86, 124, 141, 156, 162, 172, 189, 192, 209, 233, 249, 256, 273, 303, 319, 364, 368, 391, 434, 491, 550, 583, 613, 635, 651, 670, 683, 724, 756, 815, 850, 862, 872, 882, 891, 913, 920, 927, 970, 977, 1020, 1066, 1081, 1112, 1123, 1166, 1175, 1194, 1223, 1247, 1269, 1285, 1302, 1326, 1337, 1365, 1422, 1426, 1444, 1488, 1490, 1525, 1567, 1597, 1612, 1639, 1653, 1665, 1669, 1678, 1682, 1780, 1787, 1824, 1829, 1841, 1844, 1876, 1917, 1950, 1984], "retinal.": [24], "Phototropic": [25], "and": [26, 59, 61, 71, 78, 96, 136, 149, 174, 177, 182, 221, 237, 285, 294, 322, 335, 340, 346, 351, 375, 381, 413, 427, 449, 467, 480, 495, 499, 511, 516, 525, 533, 542, 548, 553, 625, 654, 661, 687, 705, 714, 727, 742, 746, 778, 799, 808, 819, 822, 840, 876, 902, 910, 933, 936, 941, 946, 983, 1011, 1029, 1052, 1070, 1095, 1105, 1121, 1127, 1146, 1192, 1202, 1215, 1226, 1236, 1259, 1276, 1289, 1304, 1307, 1316, 1330, 1350, 1358, 1396, 1415, 1461, 1463, 1478, 1482, 1510, 1535, 1548, 1586, 1600, 1608, 1656, 1671, 1692, 1710, 1715, 1717, 1721, 1725, 1757, 1766, 1801, 1831, 1854, 1864, 1879, 1898, 1910, 1927, 1940, 1953, 1996], "heliotropic": [27], "motions": [28, 982], "plants": [30], "(e.g.,": [31], "sunflowers": [32], "pivoting": [33], "their": [34, 121, 238, 289, 383, 450, 465, 536, 655, 735, 800, 898, 937, 1124, 1128, 1290, 1305, 1317, 1378, 1536, 1546, 1572, 1590], "faces": [35], "to": [36, 131, 217, 315, 409, 464, 562, 571, 709, 734, 1001, 1177, 1299, 1517, 1581, 1648, 1723], "follow": [37], "the": [38, 129, 170, 187, 254, 271, 301, 362, 389, 432, 471, 546, 592, 611, 629, 633, 699, 706, 754, 859, 870, 889, 918, 925, 958, 968, 1018, 1064, 1067, 1071, 1109, 1164, 1173, 1190, 1220, 1245, 1283, 1300, 1334, 1363, 1423, 1427, 1437, 1499, 1543, 1563, 1605, 1623, 1636, 1649, 1666, 1679, 1778, 1811, 1825, 1835, 1839, 1858, 1867, 1873, 1877, 1948, 1982], "sun)": [39], "driven": [41, 1159], "phytochromes.": [45], "These": [46], "light-triggered": [47], "processes": [48, 852, 1495], "occurring": [49], "nature": [51, 1065], "have": [52, 73, 102, 166, 360, 825, 992, 1140, 1312, 1557], "served": [53], "as": [54, 62, 105, 355, 419, 781, 783, 1172, 1185, 1266, 1292, 1436, 1498, 1675, 1689], "great": [55, 114], "inspiration": [56], "for": [57, 80, 110, 324, 421, 522, 555, 588, 829, 878, 995, 1046, 1189, 1219, 1377, 1545, 1571, 1589, 1713, 1912, 1932], "scientists": [58], "engineers": [60], "consequence,": [64], "variety": [66, 191, 1916], "light-responsive": [68, 402, 438, 487, 551, 652, 676, 863, 892, 1059, 1286, 1338, 1366, 1407, 1531], "functional": [69, 442, 972, 1532, 1718], "materials": [70, 109, 165, 176, 277, 307, 406, 436, 521, 552, 587, 653, 875, 935, 974, 1303, 1311, 1321, 1345, 1414, 1492, 1534, 1712, 1720, 1863, 1909, 1931, 1970], "systems": [72, 118, 178, 243, 444, 554, 877, 1297, 1405], "been": [74, 167, 826, 993, 1313, 1558, 1673, 1687], "explored": [75], "both": [76, 717], "scientifically": [77], "evaluated": [79], "potential": [81, 1098], "wide": [84, 247], "range": [85, 212, 248, 1325], "technological": [87, 423, 879, 1242, 1379, 1537], "applications.": [88, 112, 326, 385, 424, 880, 1048, 1131, 1143, 1392, 1538, 1918, 1943], "Soft": [89, 1132], "materials,": [90, 98, 203, 371, 1509, 1981], "including": [91, 507, 1473], "liquid": [92, 376, 677, 795, 817, 951, 1136, 1150, 1195, 1372, 1403, 1412, 1448, 1966, 1974, 1979], "crystals,": [93], "polymers,": [94, 1507], "gels,": [95], "biological": [97], "endowed": [99], "with": [100, 128, 145, 179, 270, 437, 615, 833, 1023, 1319, 1453, 1806], "photoresponsiveness": [101], "recently": [103], "emerged": [104], "multifunctional": [106, 883], "advanced": [107, 830, 1708], "optical": [108, 447, 769, 1221, 1253, 1935, 1986, 1998], "diverse": [111, 1896], "The": [113, 139, 159, 207, 680, 1739, 1790], "interest": [115, 732, 1529, 1701], "arises": [119], "from": [120, 213, 401, 559, 998, 1341, 1515, 1635, 1703], "unique": [122], "combination": [123, 1318], "contactless": [125], "energy": [126, 1176], "delivery": [127], "ability": [130], "modulate": [132], "at": [133, 591, 1604, 1695, 1735, 1784, 1810, 1834, 1866], "high": [134, 1091], "spatial": [135, 1424, 1455], "temporal": [137, 739], "resolution.": [138], "explosion": [140], "low-cost": [142], "sources": [144], "tunable": [146, 446, 637], "wavelength/frequency,": [147], "intensity": [148, 1092], "chirality": [150], "has": [151, 185, 1322, 1672, 1685], "new": [154, 193, 484, 1905], "toolbox": [155], "stimulus": [157, 1169], "variables.": [158], "dynamic": [160, 658, 671, 703, 784], "attributes": [161], "these": [163, 971], "soft": [164, 195, 219, 241, 276, 306, 398, 520, 894, 973, 1082, 1207, 1248, 1272, 1320, 1344, 1533, 1706, 1906], "exploited": [168, 828], "fabrication": [171, 549, 607, 919, 1191], "photoswitchable": [173, 453, 757], "reconfigurable": [175], "programmable": [180], "properties": [181, 415, 448, 916, 1038], "functions.": [183], "This": [184, 696], "development": [188, 612, 755, 871, 1949, 1983], "matter": [196, 895, 1084], "technologies": [197, 211], "involving": [198, 776, 1346], "molecular": [199, 317, 884, 907, 999, 1075, 1114, 1117], "switches/motors,": [200], "shape": [201, 509, 1179], "morphing": [202], "alignment": [204], "methods": [205], "etc.": [206], "applications": [208, 239, 451, 496, 527, 557, 656, 802, 832, 938, 996, 1291], "simple": [214], "on-off": [215], "switching": [216], "sophisticated": [218], "robotics": [220], "3D": [222, 581, 641, 979, 1351, 1954], "&": [223], "4D": [224, 1518], "printing.": [225, 1519], "In": [226, 288, 535, 897, 1770, 1795, 1847], "this": [227, 257, 309, 576, 1523, 1553, 1576], "special": [228, 813, 1577], "issue,": [229], "significant": [230, 736], "recent": [231, 384, 630, 668, 750, 1015, 1056, 1241, 1280, 1335, 1400], "developments": [232, 299, 485, 631, 669, 1111], "various": [234, 298, 1224, 1342, 1471, 1503], "material": [242], "covered.": [245], "A": [246], "topics": [250], "that": [251, 609, 1089, 1156, 1513, 1522, 1902], "convincingly": [252], "illustrate": [253], "richness": [255], "vibrant": [258], "research": [259, 579, 597, 751, 1700, 1852, 1859, 1920, 1945], "field": [260, 395, 634, 1284, 1840], "presented": [262], "leading": [264, 708], "experts.": [265], "Optical": [266, 1569], "control": [267, 316], "over": [268], "bio-interfaces": [269], "help": [272], "azo-dye": [274], "containing": [275, 1368], "promising": [280], "approach": [281], "cell": [283], "biology": [284], "tissue": [286, 560, 1476], "engineering.": [287], "article,": [290, 538], "Christopher": [291], "J.": [292, 1731, 1870], "Barrett": [293], "co-workers": [295, 341, 428, 543, 809, 841, 1012, 1053, 1147, 1203, 1277, 1331, 1397], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900091)": [296], "present": [297, 749, 950, 1399], "on": [300, 431, 640, 675, 774, 967, 1026, 1058, 1063, 1135, 1244, 1402, 1751, 1755, 1793, 1804, 1923, 1972], "use": [302, 926, 1165, 1389], "photo-reversible": [304], "azo-based": [305], "context.": [310], "They": [311, 359, 386, 440, 501, 565, 645, 760, 811, 856, 923, 956, 1162, 1239, 1295, 1353, 1410, 1501], "describe": [312, 628, 1354], "using": [313, 353, 585, 1434, 1496, 1959, 1988], "motion": [318, 1182], "photoactuating": [320], "surfaces": [321, 684, 704], "patterns": [323], "bio-interface": [325], "Modulation": [327], "photoorientation,": [332], "topological": [333], "patterning,": [334], "photomechanical": [336, 1969], "actuation.": [337], "Stefano": [338], "Palagi": [339], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900370)": [342], "discuss": [343, 441, 502, 545, 646, 812, 857, 1055, 1205, 1502], "wirelessly": [344], "powering": [345], "controlling": [347], "mobile": [348], "microscale": [349, 1225], "devices": [350, 584, 614, 660, 1229], "microrobots": [352, 399], "versatile": [357], "stimulus.": [358, 721, 1438, 1500], "analyzed": [361], "behaviors": [363], "two": [365], "interesting": [366], "classes": [367], "stimuli-responsive": [369, 1271, 1704], "polymeric": [370, 403, 586, 643, 963, 1491, 1956, 1992], "poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)": [373], "hydrogels": [374], "crystal": [377, 678, 1151, 1196, 1449, 1967], "elastomers,": [378], "microrobotics": [380], "highlighted": [382], "also": [387, 1184, 1619, 1686], "emphasize": [388, 1411], "significance": [390], "structured": [393, 1929], "driving": [397, 1360], "fabricated": [400], "materials.": [404, 644, 759, 922, 955, 964, 1003, 1273, 1999], "2D": [405, 435, 1349], "known": [408, 1376], "exhibit": [410, 458], "exceptional": [411], "physical": [412], "chemical": [414, 1068], "which": [416, 1085, 1429, 1552], "qualify": [417], "them": [418], "candidates": [420], "modern": [422], "Paolo": [425], "Samor\u00ec": [426], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900286)": [429], "report": [430], "functionalization": [433], "molecules.": [439], "hybrid": [443], "possessing": [445, 1457], "electronic": [454], "devices.": [455, 943, 1102, 1261], "Supramolecular": [456], "polymers": [457, 489, 1263, 1288, 1802], "certain": [459, 567, 847], "distinct": [460, 1079], "characteristics": [461, 814], "when": [462], "compared": [463], "synthetic": [466], "biopolymer": [468], "counterparts": [469], "where": [470, 1036, 1417, 1616, 1644, 1741], "monomers": [472], "covalently": [474], "linked.": [475], "Da-Hui": [476], "Qu,": [477], "He": [478, 1628, 1662, 1684], "Tian": [479], "co-worker": [481, 626, 747, 903, 1106, 1483], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900033)": [482], "summarize": [483, 1240], "supramolecular": [488, 854, 864, 1752, 1842], "capable": [490, 723], "exhibiting": [492, 1406, 1464], "novel": [493, 860, 1977], "functions": [494], "beyond": [497], "disassembly": [498], "reassembly.": [500], "controlled": [504, 710, 718, 1213, 1432], "morphology": [505], "transformations": [506], "programmed": [508], "memory": [510], "switchable": [512, 1955], "self-healing,": [513], "muscle-like": [514], "actuation,": [515], "phototunable": [517], "luminescence.": [518], "Innovative": [519], "improved": [523], "diagnostics": [524], "therapeutic": [526], "currently": [529, 1855], "being": [530], "actively": [531], "designed": [532, 994], "developed.": [534], "review": [537, 1149, 1333], "Paula": [539], "M.": [540], "Mendes": [541], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900215)": [544], "design": [547, 908, 1019, 1118, 1364], "biomedical": [556], "ranging": [558, 997], "engineering": [561, 1222], "drug": [563], "delivery.": [564], "highlight": [566, 761, 843, 924, 957, 1014, 1163, 1441], "key": [568], "strategies": [569], "tailored": [570], "address": [572], "specific": [573], "issues": [574], "rapidly": [577], "growing": [578, 731], "area.": [580], "manufacturing": [582], "manipulation": [590], "nanoscale": [593, 616, 1227], "an": [595, 1024, 1186, 1486], "attractive": [596], "area": [598], "photonics.": [600, 1479], "Direct": [601], "laser": [602, 648, 1937], "writing": [603, 649], "technique": [608], "enables": [610], "precision.": [617], "Sara": [618], "Nocentini,": [619], "Daniele": [620], "Martella,": [621], "Diederik": [622], "S.": [623], "Wiersma": [624], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900156)": [627], "photonics": [638], "based": [639, 674, 1134, 1154, 1198, 1754, 1803, 1971], "printed": [642], "direct": [647], "patterning": [650], "photonic": [659, 662, 801, 831, 1228, 1709], "circuits.": [663], "Danqing": [664], "Liu": [665], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900255)": [666], "summarizes": [667], "surface": [672, 712], "topographies": [673, 689], "networks.": [679], "reversible": [681, 762], "transformation": [682], "between": [685, 701], "smooth": [686], "corrugated": [688], "activated": [690], "irradiation": [693], "discussed.": [695], "article": [697], "illustrates": [698], "interaction": [700], "environment": [707], "friction": [711], "wettability": [713], "mass": [715, 1208, 1249], "transport,": [716], "Adhesives": [722], "on-demand": [725], "bonding": [726], "debonding": [728, 763], "attracting": [730, 1044], "due": [733], "functionality": [737], "fixation,": [740], "repair": [741], "recycling.": [743], "Christoph": [744], "Weder": [745], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900230)": [748], "activities": [752], "adhesive": [758], "adhesives": [765], "different": [768, 1458, 1465], "processes.": [770, 793], "Emphasis": [771], "placed": [773], "approaches": [775, 1911], "photoisomerizable": [777], "photodegradable": [779], "groups": [780, 1069], "well": [782], "covalent": [785], "bonds": [786], "either": [789], "photochemical": [790, 1359, 1504], "or": [791, 1181], "photothermal": [792], "Light-driven": [794], "crystalline": [796, 952, 1137, 1404, 1413, 1975], "hierarchical": [797], "architectures": [798, 865, 991, 1753], "covered": [804], "Yan-Qing": [806], "Lu": [807], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900393).": [810], "cholesteric": [816], "crystals": [818, 1373], "blue": [820], "phases": [821], "how": [823, 858, 1206], "they": [824, 1385, 1440], "judiciously": [827], "impressive": [834], "performances.": [835], "Massimo": [836], "Baroncini,": [837], "Alberto": [838], "Credi": [839], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900392)": [842], "through": [844, 1493], "illustrative": [845], "examples": [846], "basic": [848], "aspects": [849], "light-induced": [851], "architectures.": [855, 1032], "functionalities": [861, 1466], "can": [866, 1039, 1157, 1430], "be": [867, 1040, 1158, 1431], "implemented": [868], "smart": [873, 893, 1002, 1270, 1705], "nanostructured": [874, 1997], "Development": [881], "photoswitches": [885, 930], "necessary": [887], "toward": [888], "realization": [890], "technologies.": [896, 1327], "contribution,": [899], "Stefan": [900], "Hecht": [901], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900404)": [904], "outline": [905, 1108, 1279], "several": [906, 1696], "principles": [909], "effective": [911], "implementation": [912], "beneficial": [914], "photoswitching": [915], "bulk": [921], "commonly": [928, 1375], "encountered": [929], "actuating": [932], "self-healing": [934], "microfluidic": [940], "optoelectronic": [942, 1711], "Toru": [944], "Ube": [945], "Tomiki": [947], "Ikeda": [948], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900380)": [949], "polymer-based": [953], "photomobile": [954, 962], "structure-function": [959], "relationship": [960], "Recent": [965], "progress": [966, 1057, 1336, 1401], "photomobility": [969], "terms": [976], "complex": [978, 1960, 1985], "deformations,": [980], "continuous": [981], "self-regulation": [984, 1443], "discussed": [986], "detail.": [988], "Multiaddressable": [989], "photochromic": [990], "machines": [1000], "Ryan": [1004], "C.": [1005], "Hayward,": [1006], "Javier": [1007], "Read": [1008], "de": [1009], "Alaniz": [1010], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900224)": [1013], "advances": [1016, 1243], "photo-/chemical-addressable": [1021], "systems,": [1022], "emphasis": [1025], "photo-/pH-addressable,": [1027], "photo-/redox-addressable,": [1028], "multi-photonic": [1030], "addressable": [1031], "Stimuli-responsive": [1033, 1861], "polymer": [1034, 1060, 1152], "membranes": [1035], "physicochemical": [1037, 1494], "tuned": [1041], "easily": [1042], "attention": [1045], "numerous": [1047], "Fiore": [1049], "Pasquale": [1050], "Nicoletta": [1051], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900252)": [1054], "membranes,": [1061], "focusing": [1062], "responsive": [1072, 1908, 1924], "mechanisms.": [1073], "Luminous": [1074], "liquids": [1076, 1115], "class": [1080, 1268], "condensed": [1083], "nonvolatile": [1087], "fluids": [1088], "emit": [1090], "homogeneous": [1093], "could": [1096], "find": [1097], "application": [1099, 1246, 1380], "flexible": [1101], "Takashi": [1103], "Nakanishi": [1104], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900176)": [1107], "latest": [1110], "luminous": [1113], "covering": [1116], "principles,": [1119], "enrichment": [1120], "tuning": [1122], "photophysical": [1125], "properties,": [1126], "emerging": [1129], "device": [1130, 1726], "actuators": [1133, 1155, 1339, 1367], "cross-linked": [1138], "networks": [1139], "many": [1142], "Yue": [1144], "Zhao": [1145], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900262)": [1148], "network": [1153, 1197], "light.": [1161], "not": [1170, 1230, 1556], "only": [1171], "source": [1174], "drive": [1178], "changes": [1180], "but": [1183], "enabling": [1187], "tool": [1188], "reconfiguration": [1193], "actuators.": [1199, 1294], "Seungwoo": [1200], "Lee": [1201], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900074)": [1204], "migrations": [1209], "induced": [1210], "spatially": [1212], "photopolymerization": [1216, 1962], "provide": [1217], "tools": [1218], "readily": [1231], "accessible": [1232], "conventional": [1234], "lithographic": [1235], "self-assembly": [1237], "techniques.": [1238], "migration": [1250], "diffractive": [1252, 1957], "elements,": [1254], "bioinspired": [1255], "optics,": [1256], "colorimetric": [1257], "sensors,": [1258], "plasmonic": [1260], "Shape-changing": [1262], "regarded": [1265], "Leonid": [1274], "Ionov": [1275], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900067)": [1278], "advancements": [1281], "shape-changing": [1287, 1308], "classify": [1296], "according": [1298], "type": [1301], "photoactuation": [1306], "mechanism.": [1309], "Carbon-based": [1310], "intensely": [1314], "investigated": [1315, 1798], "Dingshan": [1328], "Yu": [1329], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900069)": [1332], "built": [1340], "carbon-based": [1343], "0D,": [1347], "1D,": [1348, 1951], "nanocarbons.": [1352], "photothermal,": [1355], "photomechanical,": [1356], "photoelectronic": [1357], "schemes": [1361], "carbon": [1369], "nanomaterials.": [1370], "Although": [1371], "flat": [1382], "panel": [1383], "displays,": [1384], "finding": [1387], "increasing": [1388], "beyond-display": [1391], "Michael": [1393], "E.": [1394], "McConney": [1395], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900429)": [1398], "structural": [1408], "color.": [1409], "structures": [1416, 1452, 1958], "coloration": [1418], "consequence": [1421], "arrangement": [1425], "constituents": [1428], "externally": [1433], "Moreover,": [1439], "true": [1442], "flow": [1446], "systems.": [1450, 1846], "Polymeric": [1451], "well-defined": [1454], "features": [1456], "shapes,": [1459], "sizes": [1460], "dimensions,": [1462], "demand": [1469], "fields": [1472], "microelectronics,": [1474], "biotechnology,": [1475], "engineering,": [1477], "Carlos": [1480], "S\u00e1nchez-Somolinos": [1481], "(DOI:10.1002/adom.201900598)": [1484], "give": [1485], "overview": [1487], "structuring": [1489, 1511], "reactions": [1505], "photosensitive": [1508, 1964, 1973], "techniques": [1512], "span": [1514], "photolithography": [1516], "We": [1520, 1539, 1560], "hope": [1521], "collection": [1524], "articles": [1526], "sparks": [1527], "further": [1528], "sincerely": [1540], "thank": [1541], "all": [1542], "authors": [1544], "dedicated": [1547], "excellent": [1549], "contributions": [1550], "without": [1551], "issue": [1554], "would": [1555], "possible.": [1559], "greatly": [1561], "appreciate": [1562], "entire": [1564], "editorial": [1565], "team": [1566], "Advanced": [1568, 1601, 1606], "Materials": [1570, 1602, 1607, 1878], "assistance": [1573], "preparing": [1575], "issue.": [1578], "Special": [1579], "thanks": [1580], "Jos": [1582], "Lenders,": [1583], "Anja": [1584], "Wecker": [1585], "Heike": [1587], "H\u00f6pcke": [1588], "valuable": [1591], "support.": [1592], "Quan": [1593], "Li": [1594], "Director": [1596], "Organic": [1598, 1633, 1654], "Synthesis": [1599], "Laboratory": [1603], "Liquid": [1609], "Crystal": [1610], "Institute": [1611], "Kent": [1613], "State": [1614], "University,": [1615], "he": [1617, 1645, 1742, 1797, 1849, 1856, 1891], "Adjunct": [1620], "Professor": [1621, 1652, 1691, 1694], "Chemical": [1624], "Physics": [1625], "Interdisciplinary": [1626], "Program.": [1627], "received": [1629], "his": [1630, 1744, 1851], "Ph.D.": [1631], "Chemistry": [1634, 1655, 1658, 1670], "Chinese": [1637], "Academy": [1638, 1681, 1828], "Sciences": [1640, 1832], "(CAS)": [1641], "Shanghai,": [1643], "was": [1646, 1760, 1773, 1821], "promoted": [1647], "youngest": [1650], "Full": [1651], "Medicinal": [1657], "February": [1660], "1998.": [1661], "Fellow": [1664], "Royal": [1667, 1826], "Society": [1668], "elected": [1674], "member": [1677], "European": [1680], "Sciences.": [1683], "honored": [1688], "Guest": [1690], "Chair": [1693], "universities.": [1697], "His": [1698, 1748, 1919], "current": [1699], "spans": [1702], "matter,": [1707], "energy-harvesting": [1714], "energy-saving,": [1716], "biocompatible": [1719], "nanoparticles": [1722], "nanoengineering": [1724], "fabrications.": [1727], "Albert": [1728], "P.": [1729], "H.": [1730], "Schenning": [1732, 1772, 1820], "studied": [1733], "chemistry": [1734], "Radboud": [1736], "University": [1737, 1786], "Nijmegen,": [1738], "Netherlands,": [1740, 1791], "obtained": [1743], "doctorate": [1745], "1996.": [1747], "PhD": [1749], "thesis": [1750], "porphyrin": [1756], "receptor": [1758], "molecules": [1759], "supervised": [1761], "Dr.": [1763], "Martin": [1764], "Feiters": [1765], "Prof.": [1767, 1781, 1807], "Roeland": [1768], "Nolte.": [1769], "1996,": [1771], "post-doctoral": [1775], "fellow": [1776, 1823], "group": [1779, 1860], "Bert": [1782], "Meijer": [1783], "Eindhoven": [1785], "Technology": [1788], "(TU/e),": [1789], "working": [1792], "dendrimers.": [1794], "1997,": [1796], "\u03c0-conjugated": [1799, 1845], "oligomers": [1800], "triacetylenes": [1805], "Fran\u00e7ois": [1808], "Diederich": [1809], "ETH": [1812], "Zurich,": [1814], "Switzerland.": [1815], "From": [1816], "1998": [1817], "until": [1818], "2003,": [1819], "Netherlands": [1827], "Arts": [1830], "(KNAW)": [1833], "TU/e,": [1836], "active": [1837, 1893], "organization": [1843], "2010,": [1848], "changed": [1850], "direction": [1853], "leads": [1857], "Functional": [1862], "Devices": [1865], "TU/e.": [1868], "Timothy": [1869], "Bunning": [1871], "Chief": [1874], "Scientist": [1875], "Manufacturing": [1880], "Directorate,": [1881], "Air": [1882, 1887], "Force": [1883, 1888], "Research": [1884], "Laboratory,": [1885], "Wright-Patterson": [1886], "Base.": [1889], "Scientifically,": [1890], "internal": [1897], "external": [1899], "R&D": [1900], "effort": [1901], "developing": [1904], "matter-based": [1907], "integration": [1913], "interests": [1921], "center": [1922], "optical,": [1925], "electro-optical,": [1926], "photooptical": [1928], "organic": [1930], "utility": [1933], "sensing,": [1936], "beam": [1938], "control,": [1939], "filtering": [1941], "(modulation)": [1942], "Current": [1944], "areas": [1946], "include": [1947], "2D,": [1952], "holographic": [1961], "techniques,": [1963], "cholesteric/polymer": [1965], "mixtures,": [1968], "networks,": [1976], "electro-optic": [1978], "crystal/polymer": [1980], "stacks": [1987], "plasma": [1989], "vapor": [1990], "deposited": [1991], "heterocyclic": [1993], "thin": [1994], "films,": [1995]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 19}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 10}], "updated_date": "2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3213189848", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-021-00389-7", "title": "Soft actuators for real-world applications", "display_name": "Soft actuators for real-world applications", "relevance_score": 46.35388, "publication_year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-11-10", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3213189848", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-021-00389-7", "mag": "3213189848", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35474944"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41578-021-00389-7", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-021-00389-7", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41578-021-00389-7.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764917516", "display_name": "Nature Reviews Materials", "issn_l": "2058-8437", "issn": ["2058-8437"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Reviews Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41578-021-00389-7.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100457487", "display_name": "Meng Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-2866"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135521", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems", "ror": "https://ror.org/04fq9j139", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Meng Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-2866", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076544091", "display_name": "Aniket Pal", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7850-3623"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135521", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems", "ror": "https://ror.org/04fq9j139", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Aniket Pal", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7850-3623", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5034789000", "display_name": "Amirreza Aghakhani", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4301-4053"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135521", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems", "ror": "https://ror.org/04fq9j139", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Amirreza Aghakhani", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4301-4053", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5081328752", "display_name": "Abdon Pena\u2010Francesch", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7779-1651"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210116723", "display_name": "Robotics Research (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/020w2fr77", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135521", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems", "ror": "https://ror.org/04fq9j139", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}], "countries": ["DE", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Abdon Pena-Francesch", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA", "Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7779-1651", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079968392", "display_name": "Metin Sitti", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1351752", "display_name": "Ko\u00e7 University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00jzwgz36", "country_code": "TR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I35440088", "display_name": "ETH Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a28rw58", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799323385", "https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090941", "display_name": "Institute for Biomedical Engineering", "ror": "https://ror.org/00baskk38", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I202697423", "https://openalex.org/I2799323385", "https://openalex.org/I35440088", "https://openalex.org/I4210090941"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135521", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems", "ror": "https://ror.org/04fq9j139", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}], "countries": ["CH", "DE", "TR"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Metin Sitti", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland", "Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany", "School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Ko\u00e7 University, Istanbul, Turkey"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-3854", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090941", "https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Ko\u00e7 University, Istanbul, Turkey", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 4, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5079968392"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1351752", "https://openalex.org/I35440088", "https://openalex.org/I4210090941", "https://openalex.org/I4210135521"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 41.8439, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 794, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99977672, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "7", "issue": "3", "first_page": "235", "last_page": "249"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10338", "display_name": "Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10338", "display_name": "Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12784", "display_name": "Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence", "score": 0.9932000041007996, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability", "display_name": "Adaptability", "score": 0.773064136505127}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator", "display_name": "Actuator", "score": 0.7083601355552673}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "score": 0.6852192282676697}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability", "display_name": "Scalability", "score": 0.6083727478981018}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.607876181602478}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer", "display_name": "Wearable computer", "score": 0.5827438235282898}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/grippers", "display_name": "Grippers", "score": 0.5572632551193237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-software-development", "display_name": "Agile software development", "score": 0.4514372646808624}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-materials", "display_name": "Soft materials", "score": 0.4228634834289551}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.29382675886154175}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.2876570224761963}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.2869153916835785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system", "display_name": "Embedded system", "score": 0.258921355009079}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering", "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "score": 0.25333407521247864}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.20897233486175537}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C177606310", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297", "display_name": "Adaptability", "level": 2, "score": 0.773064136505127}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C172707124", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488", "display_name": "Actuator", "level": 2, "score": 0.7083601355552673}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776058767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "level": 3, "score": 0.6852192282676697}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C48044578", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490", "display_name": "Scalability", "level": 2, "score": 0.6083727478981018}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.607876181602478}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C150594956", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829", "display_name": "Wearable computer", "level": 2, "score": 0.5827438235282898}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775960376", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435859", "display_name": "Grippers", "level": 2, "score": 0.5572632551193237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C14185376", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30232", "display_name": "Agile software development", "level": 2, "score": 0.4514372646808624}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2982836594", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902144", "display_name": "Soft materials", "level": 2, "score": 0.4228634834289551}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.29382675886154175}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.2876570224761963}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.2869153916835785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149635348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040", "display_name": "Embedded system", "level": 1, "score": 0.258921355009079}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333", "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.25333407521247864}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.20897233486175537}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115903868", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993", "display_name": "Software engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513", "display_name": "Database", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/s41578-021-00389-7", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-021-00389-7", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41578-021-00389-7.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764917516", "display_name": "Nature Reviews Materials", "issn_l": "2058-8437", "issn": ["2058-8437"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Reviews Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:35474944", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35474944", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature reviews. Materials", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:cdm21054.contentdm.oclc.org:IR/10134", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-021-00389-7 ", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401341", "display_name": "Digital Collections portal (Ko\u00e7 University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1351752", "host_organization_name": "Ko\u00e7 University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1351752"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Reviews Materials", "raw_type": "Review"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7612659", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7612659", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nat Rev Mater", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41578-021-00389-7", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-021-00389-7", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41578-021-00389-7.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764917516", "display_name": "Nature Reviews Materials", "issn_l": "2058-8437", "issn": ["2058-8437"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Reviews Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.4099999964237213, "display_name": "Responsible consumption and production", "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G2807460088", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "SPP 2100", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320879", "funder_display_name": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5325590051", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2197/3-1", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320879", "funder_display_name": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320308269", "display_name": "Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung", "ror": "https://ror.org/012kf4317"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320879", "display_name": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft", "ror": "https://ror.org/018mejw64"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322434", "display_name": "Max-Planck-Gesellschaft", "ror": "https://ror.org/01hhn8329"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3213189848.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3213189848.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 228, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W617325668", "https://openalex.org/W1482343016", "https://openalex.org/W1545301666", "https://openalex.org/W1847353717", "https://openalex.org/W2004367543", "https://openalex.org/W2027454283", "https://openalex.org/W2033601397", "https://openalex.org/W2061848267", "https://openalex.org/W2070662831", "https://openalex.org/W2071188031", "https://openalex.org/W2086899841", "https://openalex.org/W2090648204", "https://openalex.org/W2091670031", "https://openalex.org/W2101058978", "https://openalex.org/W2115412172", "https://openalex.org/W2126040686", "https://openalex.org/W2126546123", "https://openalex.org/W2151968342", "https://openalex.org/W2154963933", "https://openalex.org/W2163566443", "https://openalex.org/W2166585449", "https://openalex.org/W2172212677", "https://openalex.org/W2266720690", "https://openalex.org/W2300507085", "https://openalex.org/W2333455661", "https://openalex.org/W2335171300", "https://openalex.org/W2463052324", "https://openalex.org/W2488753705", "https://openalex.org/W2490447607", "https://openalex.org/W2491506619", "https://openalex.org/W2515930553", "https://openalex.org/W2519437300", "https://openalex.org/W2519772645", "https://openalex.org/W2526011581", "https://openalex.org/W2544013339", "https://openalex.org/W2550766522", "https://openalex.org/W2553064235", "https://openalex.org/W2560704029", "https://openalex.org/W2564130887", "https://openalex.org/W2565484961", "https://openalex.org/W2567242052", "https://openalex.org/W2587341100", "https://openalex.org/W2587880393", "https://openalex.org/W2588052119", "https://openalex.org/W2602682248", "https://openalex.org/W2606345072", "https://openalex.org/W2614511842", "https://openalex.org/W2614923825", "https://openalex.org/W2726969371", "https://openalex.org/W2736506837", "https://openalex.org/W2737156933", "https://openalex.org/W2737491236", "https://openalex.org/W2740882623", "https://openalex.org/W2748291579", "https://openalex.org/W2750720081", "https://openalex.org/W2751683279", "https://openalex.org/W2752071174", "https://openalex.org/W2754164803", "https://openalex.org/W2755921665", "https://openalex.org/W2765935070", "https://openalex.org/W2769501833", "https://openalex.org/W2770542903", "https://openalex.org/W2770984632", "https://openalex.org/W2775854755", "https://openalex.org/W2781516556", "https://openalex.org/W2782093158", "https://openalex.org/W2784033758", "https://openalex.org/W2784322087", "https://openalex.org/W2784648116", "https://openalex.org/W2784911769", "https://openalex.org/W2785110060", "https://openalex.org/W2788127870", "https://openalex.org/W2790084889", "https://openalex.org/W2790756470", "https://openalex.org/W2791180667", "https://openalex.org/W2791239448", "https://openalex.org/W2791280146", "https://openalex.org/W2793227423", "https://openalex.org/W2793249156", "https://openalex.org/W2794678235", "https://openalex.org/W2800503756", "https://openalex.org/W2802685181", "https://openalex.org/W2803735436", "https://openalex.org/W2804340326", "https://openalex.org/W2804981481", "https://openalex.org/W2805926569", "https://openalex.org/W2806189642", "https://openalex.org/W2806506062", "https://openalex.org/W2807112462", "https://openalex.org/W2807695615", "https://openalex.org/W2883279767", "https://openalex.org/W2884409645", "https://openalex.org/W2887617672", "https://openalex.org/W2888305244", "https://openalex.org/W2891965836", "https://openalex.org/W2892188303", "https://openalex.org/W2893554200", "https://openalex.org/W2896049741", "https://openalex.org/W2901252645", "https://openalex.org/W2901920378", "https://openalex.org/W2902269261", "https://openalex.org/W2903524854", "https://openalex.org/W2904422212", "https://openalex.org/W2905335417", "https://openalex.org/W2908275558", "https://openalex.org/W2909996990", "https://openalex.org/W2910569940", "https://openalex.org/W2910944719", "https://openalex.org/W2911637641", "https://openalex.org/W2911689559", "https://openalex.org/W2911887105", "https://openalex.org/W2912720184", "https://openalex.org/W2913128209", "https://openalex.org/W2914139746", "https://openalex.org/W2915040685", "https://openalex.org/W2922068385", "https://openalex.org/W2922355439", "https://openalex.org/W2922426839", "https://openalex.org/W2922599593", "https://openalex.org/W2924252827", "https://openalex.org/W2939258959", "https://openalex.org/W2941543350", "https://openalex.org/W2942556218", "https://openalex.org/W2943492352", "https://openalex.org/W2944806635", "https://openalex.org/W2945957160", "https://openalex.org/W2949563790", "https://openalex.org/W2951231114", "https://openalex.org/W2954129390", "https://openalex.org/W2955061729", "https://openalex.org/W2955902092", "https://openalex.org/W2957727648", "https://openalex.org/W2957807469", "https://openalex.org/W2958452288", "https://openalex.org/W2959338391", "https://openalex.org/W2961049121", "https://openalex.org/W2961309955", "https://openalex.org/W2966493068", "https://openalex.org/W2967619140", "https://openalex.org/W2967898303", "https://openalex.org/W2968389854", "https://openalex.org/W2969184044", "https://openalex.org/W2969509786", "https://openalex.org/W2969922827", "https://openalex.org/W2970659646", "https://openalex.org/W2971278234", "https://openalex.org/W2973709110", "https://openalex.org/W2979267887", "https://openalex.org/W2980790222", "https://openalex.org/W2981354153", "https://openalex.org/W2981479365", "https://openalex.org/W2981795224", "https://openalex.org/W2982583378", "https://openalex.org/W2984221450", "https://openalex.org/W2984784701", "https://openalex.org/W2988763167", "https://openalex.org/W2990510362", "https://openalex.org/W2995863299", "https://openalex.org/W2996185064", "https://openalex.org/W2997289456", "https://openalex.org/W2997670059", "https://openalex.org/W2998443686", "https://openalex.org/W2998869426", "https://openalex.org/W3000207625", "https://openalex.org/W3003824536", "https://openalex.org/W3005061933", "https://openalex.org/W3006284129", "https://openalex.org/W3007162068", "https://openalex.org/W3009223814", "https://openalex.org/W3016334691", "https://openalex.org/W3021947263", "https://openalex.org/W3022393895", "https://openalex.org/W3023786610", "https://openalex.org/W3024757840", "https://openalex.org/W3026249315", "https://openalex.org/W3028104297", "https://openalex.org/W3030989713", "https://openalex.org/W3031329960", "https://openalex.org/W3033449785", "https://openalex.org/W3033650662", "https://openalex.org/W3034432356", "https://openalex.org/W3035767355", "https://openalex.org/W3039737594", "https://openalex.org/W3041571536", "https://openalex.org/W3042160505", "https://openalex.org/W3043850244", "https://openalex.org/W3045105376", "https://openalex.org/W3047968485", "https://openalex.org/W3055628792", "https://openalex.org/W3081214735", "https://openalex.org/W3081572958", "https://openalex.org/W3081850223", "https://openalex.org/W3081912382", "https://openalex.org/W3082576107", "https://openalex.org/W3083738679", "https://openalex.org/W3087066966", "https://openalex.org/W3087167655", "https://openalex.org/W3087565571", "https://openalex.org/W3089980340", "https://openalex.org/W3092735877", "https://openalex.org/W3094538106", "https://openalex.org/W3094766386", "https://openalex.org/W3095768846", "https://openalex.org/W3097564034", "https://openalex.org/W3101262183", "https://openalex.org/W3102764831", "https://openalex.org/W3103634491", "https://openalex.org/W3104511684", "https://openalex.org/W3105820366", "https://openalex.org/W3105982350", "https://openalex.org/W3111693860", "https://openalex.org/W3112236936", "https://openalex.org/W3112747941", "https://openalex.org/W3113191033", "https://openalex.org/W3113629693", "https://openalex.org/W3114853168", "https://openalex.org/W3115179980", "https://openalex.org/W3125867167", "https://openalex.org/W3129441607", "https://openalex.org/W3134259965", "https://openalex.org/W3135062658", "https://openalex.org/W3145917579", "https://openalex.org/W3149377315", "https://openalex.org/W3154125796", "https://openalex.org/W3157032635", "https://openalex.org/W3157836676", "https://openalex.org/W3158837367", "https://openalex.org/W4287063643"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3014507301", "https://openalex.org/W2908594317", "https://openalex.org/W3134474396", "https://openalex.org/W3206105843", "https://openalex.org/W2901721787", "https://openalex.org/W4385356446", "https://openalex.org/W2812073887", "https://openalex.org/W3119366040", "https://openalex.org/W4377030113", "https://openalex.org/W4376605699"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Inspired": [0], "by": [1, 89], "physically": [2], "adaptive,": [3], "agile,": [4], "reconfigurable": [5], "and": [6, 10, 31, 56, 68, 77, 86, 94, 107, 119, 123, 130, 132, 147, 159, 169], "multifunctional": [7], "soft-bodied": [8], "animals": [9], "human": [11, 140], "muscles,": [12, 27], "soft": [13, 24, 63, 92, 100, 111, 149, 157], "actuators": [14, 64, 127], "have": [15], "been": [16], "developed": [17], "for": [18, 59, 109], "a": [19], "variety": [20], "of": [21, 38, 62, 99, 156], "applications,": [22], "including": [23, 113], "grippers,": [25], "artificial": [26], "wearables,": [28], "haptic": [29], "devices": [30], "medical": [32], "devices.": [33], "However,": [34], "the": [35, 60, 105, 139], "complex": [36], "performance": [37, 82], "biological": [39], "systems": [40], "cannot": [41], "yet": [42], "be": [43, 84], "fully": [44], "replicated": [45], "in": [46], "synthetic": [47], "designs.": [48], "In": [49], "this": [50], "Review,": [51], "we": [52, 103], "discuss": [53, 104], "new": [54], "materials": [55], "structural": [57], "designs": [58], "engineering": [61], "with": [65, 138], "physical": [66, 114, 167], "intelligence": [67, 168], "advanced": [69], "properties,": [70], "such": [71, 164], "as": [72, 165], "adaptability,": [73, 116], "multimodal": [74], "locomotion,": [75], "self-healing": [76], "multi-responsiveness.": [78], "We": [79], "examine": [80], "how": [81], "can": [83], "improved": [85], "multifunctionality": [87], "implemented": [88], "using": [90], "programmable": [91], "materials,": [93], "highlight": [95], "important": [96], "real-world": [97, 154], "applications": [98, 155], "actuators.": [101], "Finally,": [102], "challenges": [106], "opportunities": [108], "next-generation": [110], "actuators,": [112], "intelligence,": [115], "manufacturing": [117], "scalability": [118], "reproducibility,": [120], "extended": [121], "lifetime": [122], "end-of-life": [124, 170], "strategies.": [125, 171], "Soft": [126], "are": [128], "flexible": [129], "compliant": [131], "thus": [133], "perfectly": [134], "suited": [135], "to": [136], "interact": [137], "body.": [141], "This": [142], "Review": [143], "discusses": [144], "tethered,": [145], "untethered": [146], "biohybrid": [148], "actuation": [150], "strategies,": [151], "highlights": [152], "promising": [153], "robots": [158], "identifies": [160], "key": [161], "future": [162], "challenges,": [163], "implementing": [166]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 63}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 238}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 228}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 198}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 67}], "updated_date": "2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4323653529", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c12606", "title": "Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors", "display_name": "Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors", "relevance_score": 45.042027, "publication_year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-03-09", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4323653529", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c12606", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36892156"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c12606", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c12606", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S145476921", "display_name": "ACS Nano", "issn_l": "1936-0851", "issn": ["1936-0851", "1936-086X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320006", "host_organization_name": "American Chemical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Chemical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ACS Nano", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1853537/FULLTEXT01", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020317042", "display_name": "Yifei Luo", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4454-6318"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I115228651", "display_name": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/036wvzt09", "country_code": "SG", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I172675005", "display_name": "Nanyang Technological University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e7b5302", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210123095", "display_name": "Institute of Materials Research and Engineering", "ror": "https://ror.org/02sepg748", "country_code": "SG", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651", "https://openalex.org/I4210123095", "https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yifei Luo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore", "Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4454-6318", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210123095", "https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022864217", "display_name": "Mohammad Reza Abidian", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5696-5379"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I44461941", "display_name": "University of Houston", "ror": "https://ror.org/048sx0r50", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mohammad Reza Abidian", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77024, United States"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77024, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084678270", "display_name": "Jong\u2010Hyun Ahn", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8135-7719"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I193775966", "display_name": "Yonsei University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01wjejq96", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jong-Hyun Ahn", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8135-7719", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5063313700", "display_name": "Deji Akinwande", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7133-5586"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I86519309", "display_name": "The University of Texas at Austin", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hj54h04", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Deji Akinwande", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States", "Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7133-5586", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058938189", "display_name": "Anne M. Andrews", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1961-4833"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I142207940", "display_name": "California NanoSystems Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/00q7fqf35", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I142207940", "https://openalex.org/I154570441", "https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Anne M. Andrews", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1961-4833", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I142207940", "https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5075963769", "display_name": "Markus Antonietti", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8395-7558"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210092306", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces", "ror": "https://ror.org/00pwgnh47", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210092306"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Markus Antonietti", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8395-7558", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210092306"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100384245", "display_name": "Zhenan Bao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0972-1715"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhenan Bao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0972-1715", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088574290", "display_name": "Magnus Berggren", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5154-0291"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I102134673", "display_name": "Link\u00f6ping University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05ynxx418", "country_code": "SE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I3145373656", "display_name": "Department of Science,Technology and Innovation", "ror": "https://ror.org/048kh7197", "country_code": "ZA", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800683076", "https://openalex.org/I3145373656"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210124641", "display_name": "Wallenberg Wood Science Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/039qvmf95", "country_code": "SE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102134673", "https://openalex.org/I4210124641", "https://openalex.org/I66862912", "https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210133337", "display_name": "Department of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03k93wc57", "country_code": "IN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801424531", "https://openalex.org/I4210133337"]}], "countries": ["IN", "SE", "ZA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Magnus Berggren", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrk\u00f6ping, Link\u00f6ping University, 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden", "Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) and Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5154-0291", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrk\u00f6ping, Link\u00f6ping University, 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I3145373656", "https://openalex.org/I102134673", "https://openalex.org/I4210133337"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) and Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210124641"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5046743024", "display_name": "Christopher A. Berkey", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-769X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Christopher A. Berkey", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94301, United States"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94301, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5086624192", "display_name": "Christopher J. Bettinger", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-5681"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I74973139", "display_name": "Carnegie Mellon University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05x2bcf33", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Christopher John Bettinger", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-5681", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100450180", "display_name": "Jun Chen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3439-0495"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jun Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3439-0495", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100710058", "display_name": "Peng Chen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8527-1210"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I172675005", "display_name": "Nanyang Technological University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e7b5302", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Peng Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5081896015", "display_name": "Wenlong Cheng", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-4970"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I56590836", "display_name": "Monash University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02bfwt286", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I60733029", "display_name": "Monash Institute of Medical Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/05p96ba03", "country_code": "AU", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I60733029"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wenlong Cheng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia3800", "Nanobionics Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia, 3800"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-4970", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia3800", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I60733029", "https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Nanobionics Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia, 3800", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5006296702", "display_name": "Xu Cheng", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7536-945X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I99065089", "display_name": "Tsinghua University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03cve4549", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xu Cheng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5040774967", "display_name": "Seon\u2010Jin Choi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8567-0668"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4575257", "display_name": "Hanyang University", "ror": "https://ror.org/046865y68", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I93906172", "display_name": "Anyang University", "ror": "https://ror.org/018pdh902", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I93906172"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Seon-Jin Choi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Division of Materials of Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8567-0668", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Division of Materials of Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I93906172", "https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058767039", "display_name": "Alex Chortos", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-5257"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I219193219", "display_name": "Purdue University West Lafayette", "ror": "https://ror.org/02dqehb95", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alex Chortos", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-5257", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041112647", "display_name": "Canan Da\u011fdeviren", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-792X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I63966007", "display_name": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/042nb2s44", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Canan Dagdeviren", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-792X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065203509", "display_name": "Reinhold H. Dauskardt", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3989-362X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Reinhold H. Dauskardt", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94301, United States"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94301, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005055349", "display_name": "Chong\u2010an Di", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6183-1321"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210116048", "display_name": "Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/02601yx74", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210116048"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210155088", "display_name": "Institute of Chemistry", "ror": "https://ror.org/048y1rc66", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chong-an Di", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6183-1321", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210116048", "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5083975325", "display_name": "Michael D. Dickey", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1251-1871"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I137902535", "display_name": "North Carolina State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04tj63d06", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Michael D. Dickey", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1251-1871", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5019924793", "display_name": "Xiangfeng Duan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4321-6288"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I142207940", "display_name": "California NanoSystems Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/00q7fqf35", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I142207940", "https://openalex.org/I154570441", "https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiangfeng Duan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4321-6288", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I142207940", "https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055968109", "display_name": "Antonio Facchetti", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8175-7958"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I111979921", "display_name": "Northwestern University", "ror": "https://ror.org/000e0be47", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Antonio Facchetti", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8175-7958", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5061509885", "display_name": "Zhiyong Fan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5397-0129"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I200769079", "display_name": "Hong Kong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00q4vv597", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I889458895", "display_name": "University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}], "countries": ["HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhiyong Fan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5397-0129", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200769079", "https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5036148357", "display_name": "Yin Fang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4688-6700"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I172675005", "display_name": "Nanyang Technological University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e7b5302", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yin Fang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4688-6700", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5067402282", "display_name": "Jianyou Feng", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I24943067", "display_name": "Fudan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/013q1eq08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jianyou Feng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5019733187", "display_name": "Xue Feng", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9242-8474"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I99065089", "display_name": "Tsinghua University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03cve4549", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xue Feng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9242-8474", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5001073146", "display_name": "Huajian Gao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-846X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I115228651", "display_name": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/036wvzt09", "country_code": "SG", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I172675005", "display_name": "Nanyang Technological University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e7b5302", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I3004594783", "display_name": "Institute of High Performance Computing", "ror": "https://ror.org/02n0ejh50", "country_code": "SG", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651", "https://openalex.org/I3004594783", "https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Huajian Gao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore", "School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-846X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I3004594783", "https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079273603", "display_name": "Wei Gao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-4562"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I122411786", "display_name": "California Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05dxps055", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wei Gao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-4562", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5048851485", "display_name": "Xiwen Gong", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4004-1299"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I27837315", "display_name": "University of Michigan", "ror": "https://ror.org/00jmfr291", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiwen Gong", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Applied Physics Program, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4004-1299", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Applied Physics Program, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5059618028", "display_name": "Chuan Fei Guo", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-3117"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I3045169105", "display_name": "Southern University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/049tv2d57", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chuan Fei Guo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100750078", "display_name": "Xiaojun Guo", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-9458"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I183067930", "display_name": "Shanghai Jiao Tong University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0220qvk04", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiaojun Guo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5017547352", "display_name": "Martin C. Hartel", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Martin C. Hartel", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5043800457", "display_name": "Zihan He", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8425-4002"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210116048", "display_name": "Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/02601yx74", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210116048"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210155088", "display_name": "Institute of Chemistry", "ror": "https://ror.org/048y1rc66", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zihan He", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210116048", "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5082590253", "display_name": "John S. Ho", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9458-9033"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165932596", "display_name": "National University of Singapore", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "John S. Ho", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore", "Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore", "The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9458-9033", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002324591", "display_name": "Youfan Hu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9798-1631"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Youfan Hu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Electronics and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9798-1631", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Electronics and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060652830", "display_name": "Qiyao Huang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8233-1804"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I14243506", "display_name": "Hong Kong Polytechnic University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0030zas98", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}], "countries": ["HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Qiyao Huang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041318946", "display_name": "Yu Huang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1793-0741"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I142207940", "display_name": "California NanoSystems Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/00q7fqf35", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I142207940", "https://openalex.org/I154570441", "https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yu Huang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1793-0741", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I142207940", "https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5003241944", "display_name": "Fengwei Huo", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5318-4267"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I134687103", "display_name": "Nanjing Tech University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03sd35x91", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Fengwei Huo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5318-4267", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071074171", "display_name": "Muhammad M. Hussain", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3279-0441"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I219193219", "display_name": "Purdue University West Lafayette", "ror": "https://ror.org/02dqehb95", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Muhammad M. Hussain", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["mmh Labs, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "mmh Labs, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038446954", "display_name": "Ali Javey", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7214-7931"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I148283060", "display_name": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jbv0t02", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1330989302", "https://openalex.org/I148283060", "https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ali Javey", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States", "Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5044219595", "display_name": "Unyong Jeong", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7519-7595"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I123900574", "display_name": "Pohang University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xysgw12", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Unyong Jeong", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Engineering (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeong-buk 37673, Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7519-7595", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Engineering (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeong-buk 37673, Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023068249", "display_name": "Chen Jiang", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I99065089", "display_name": "Tsinghua University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03cve4549", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chen Jiang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5075755018", "display_name": "Xingyu Jiang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5008-4703"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I3045169105", "display_name": "Southern University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/049tv2d57", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xingyu Jiang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Road, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5008-4703", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Road, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5043853671", "display_name": "Jiheong Kang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-5494"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I157485424", "display_name": "Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05apxxy63", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jiheong Kang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023624015", "display_name": "Daniil Karnaushenko", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-1527"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2610724", "display_name": "Chemnitz University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00a208s56", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Daniil Karnaushenko", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09126, Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09126, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5033056518", "display_name": "Ali Khademhosseini", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2692-1524"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210097936", "display_name": "Terasaki Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/012381002", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210097936"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ali Khademhosseini", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210097936"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079017148", "display_name": "Dae\u2010Hyeong Kim", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4722-1893"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I139264467", "display_name": "Seoul National University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04h9pn542", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210104335", "display_name": "Institute for Basic Science", "ror": "https://ror.org/00y0zf565", "country_code": "KR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210104335"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Dae-Hyeong Kim", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4722-1893", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210104335", "https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5028265287", "display_name": "Il\u2010Doo Kim", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9970-2218"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I157485424", "display_name": "Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05apxxy63", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Il-Doo Kim", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9970-2218", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5010096709", "display_name": "Dmitry Kireev", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1499-5435"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I86519309", "display_name": "The University of Texas at Austin", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hj54h04", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Dmitry Kireev", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States", "Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1499-5435", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023494793", "display_name": "Lingxuan Kong", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-6510"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I172675005", "display_name": "Nanyang Technological University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e7b5302", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lingxuan Kong", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084452777", "display_name": "Chengkuo Lee", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8886-3649"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165932596", "display_name": "National University of Singapore", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210125878", "display_name": "Suzhou Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/03ebk0c60", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]}], "countries": ["CN", "SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chengkuo Lee", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore", "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore", "NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore", "National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8886-3649", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210125878", "https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005799740", "display_name": "Nae\u2010Eung Lee", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6539-5010"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I848706", "display_name": "Sungkyunkwan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04q78tk20", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nae-Eung Lee", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6539-5010", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079813961", "display_name": "Pooi See Lee", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1383-1623"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I172675005", "display_name": "Nanyang Technological University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e7b5302", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210086881", "display_name": "Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise", "ror": "https://ror.org/002pnw495", "country_code": "SG", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210086881"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pooi See Lee", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore", "Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1383-1623", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210086881"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018416042", "display_name": "Tae\u2010Woo Lee", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6449-6725"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I139264467", "display_name": "Seoul National University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04h9pn542", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tae-Woo Lee", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea", "Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Soft Foundry, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea", "Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea", "School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6449-6725", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Soft Foundry, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110520445", "display_name": "Fengyu Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2481-6111"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I159948400", "display_name": "Jinan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02xe5ns62", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Fengyu Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100753463", "display_name": "Jinxing Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1390-3711"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I87216513", "display_name": "Michigan State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05hs6h993", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jinxing Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Neuroscience Program, BioMolecular Science Program, and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Neuroscience Program, BioMolecular Science Program, and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5040405028", "display_name": "Cuiyuan Liang", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204983213", "display_name": "Harbin Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yqg2h08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Cuiyuan Liang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031498697", "display_name": "Chwee Teck Lim", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-9782"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165932596", "display_name": "National University of Singapore", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chwee Teck Lim", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore", "Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore", "Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-9782", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5012624078", "display_name": "Yuanjing Lin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8568-1786"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I3045169105", "display_name": "Southern University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/049tv2d57", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yuanjing Lin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090795415", "display_name": "Darren J. Lipomi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-7765"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I36258959", "display_name": "University of California San Diego", "ror": "https://ror.org/0168r3w48", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Darren J. Lipomi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-7765", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100409757", "display_name": "Jia Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2217-6982"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I136199984", "display_name": "Harvard University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03vek6s52", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jia Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02134, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2217-6982", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02134, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032200592", "display_name": "Kai Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-7659"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I183067930", "display_name": "Shanghai Jiao Tong University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0220qvk04", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kai Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-7659", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100367532", "display_name": "Nan Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-7372"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I25254941", "display_name": "Beijing Normal University", "ror": "https://ror.org/022k4wk35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nan Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-7372", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100389632", "display_name": "Ren Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5994-4338"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I136199984", "display_name": "Harvard University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03vek6s52", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ren Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02134, United States"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02134, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100385834", "display_name": "Yuxin Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0623-9402"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I115228651", "display_name": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/036wvzt09", "country_code": "SG", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I137902535", "display_name": "North Carolina State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04tj63d06", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I165932596", "display_name": "National University of Singapore", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210123095", "display_name": "Institute of Materials Research and Engineering", "ror": "https://ror.org/02sepg748", "country_code": "SG", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651", "https://openalex.org/I4210123095", "https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}], "countries": ["SG", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yuxin Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Engineering, N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore", "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States", "Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210123095", "https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100460400", "display_name": "Yuxuan Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8196-1054"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I115228651", "display_name": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/036wvzt09", "country_code": "SG", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I137902535", "display_name": "North Carolina State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04tj63d06", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I165932596", "display_name": "National University of Singapore", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210123095", "display_name": "Institute of Materials Research and Engineering", "ror": "https://ror.org/02sepg748", "country_code": "SG", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651", "https://openalex.org/I4210123095", "https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}], "countries": ["SG", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yuxuan Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Engineering, N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore", "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States", "Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8196-1054", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210123095", "https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100320711", "display_name": "Zhiyuan Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9231-8195"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I115228651", "display_name": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/036wvzt09", "country_code": "SG", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I3004594783", "display_name": "Institute of High Performance Computing", "ror": "https://ror.org/02n0ejh50", "country_code": "SG", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651", "https://openalex.org/I3004594783", "https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210145761", "display_name": "Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04gh4er46", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}], "countries": ["CN", "SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhiyuan Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore", "Neural Engineering Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China 518055"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9231-8195", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I3004594783", "https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Neural Engineering Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China 518055", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210145761", "https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5083149504", "display_name": "Zhuangjian Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3412-2116"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I115228651", "display_name": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/036wvzt09", "country_code": "SG", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I3004594783", "display_name": "Institute of High Performance Computing", "ror": "https://ror.org/02n0ejh50", "country_code": "SG", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651", "https://openalex.org/I3004594783", "https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210145761", "display_name": "Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04gh4er46", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}], "countries": ["CN", "SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhuangjian Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore", "Neural Engineering Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China 518055"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I3004594783", "https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Neural Engineering Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China 518055", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210145761", "https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5059594060", "display_name": "Xian Jun Loh", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-6502"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I115228651", "display_name": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/036wvzt09", "country_code": "SG", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210123095", "display_name": "Institute of Materials Research and Engineering", "ror": "https://ror.org/02sepg748", "country_code": "SG", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651", "https://openalex.org/I4210123095", "https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xian Jun Loh", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-6502", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210123095", "https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5039650266", "display_name": "Nanshu Lu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3595-3851"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I86519309", "display_name": "The University of Texas at Austin", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hj54h04", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nanshu Lu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3595-3851", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002157025", "display_name": "Zhisheng Lv", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0777-110X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I115228651", "display_name": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/036wvzt09", "country_code": "SG", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210123095", "display_name": "Institute of Materials Research and Engineering", "ror": "https://ror.org/02sepg748", "country_code": "SG", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651", "https://openalex.org/I4210123095", "https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhisheng Lv", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210123095", "https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5001377522", "display_name": "Shlomo Magdassi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6794-0553"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I197251160", "display_name": "Hebrew University of Jerusalem", "ror": "https://ror.org/03qxff017", "country_code": "IL", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}], "countries": ["IL"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Shlomo Magdassi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6794-0553", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022830421", "display_name": "George G. Malliaras", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4582-8501"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I241749", "display_name": "University of Cambridge", "ror": "https://ror.org/013meh722", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "George G. Malliaras", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge CB3 0FA, Cambridge United Kingdom"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4582-8501", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge CB3 0FA, Cambridge United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5057146181", "display_name": "Naoji Matsuhisa", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5978-2778"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I74801974", "display_name": "The University of Tokyo", "ror": "https://ror.org/057zh3y96", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Naoji Matsuhisa", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan;"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5978-2778", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan;", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5053226693", "display_name": "Arokia Nathan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2070-8853"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I241749", "display_name": "University of Cambridge", "ror": "https://ror.org/013meh722", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210118382", "display_name": "Ida Darwin hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jxcp012", "country_code": "GB", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210118382", "https://openalex.org/I4210144468"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Arokia Nathan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Darwin College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9EU, United Kingdom"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Darwin College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9EU, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210118382", "https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5059506508", "display_name": "Simiao Niu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1973-2204"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I102322142", "display_name": "Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey", "ror": "https://ror.org/05vt9qd57", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Simiao Niu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055753968", "display_name": "Jieming Pan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-2984"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165932596", "display_name": "National University of Singapore", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jieming Pan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-2984", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041660282", "display_name": "Changhyun Pang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8339-7880"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2250650973", "display_name": "Samsung (South Korea)", "ror": "https://ror.org/04w3jy968", "country_code": "KR", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I848706", "display_name": "Sungkyunkwan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04q78tk20", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Changhyun Pang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Chemical Engineering and Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8339-7880", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Chemical Engineering and Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I848706", "https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5034504882", "display_name": "Qibing Pei", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1669-1734"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I142207940", "display_name": "California NanoSystems Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/00q7fqf35", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I142207940", "https://openalex.org/I154570441", "https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Qibing Pei", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1669-1734", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I142207940", "https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110118898", "display_name": "Huisheng Peng", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I24943067", "display_name": "Fudan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/013q1eq08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Huisheng Peng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3746-8494", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5017339259", "display_name": "Dianpeng Qi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8245-8183"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204983213", "display_name": "Harbin Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yqg2h08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Dianpeng Qi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8245-8183", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5087571641", "display_name": "Huaying Ren", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-8031"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Huaying Ren", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-8031", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045551635", "display_name": "John A. Rogers", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-3961"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I111979921", "display_name": "Northwestern University", "ror": "https://ror.org/000e0be47", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210157890", "display_name": "Neurological Surgery", "ror": "https://ror.org/04r0gp612", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210157890"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "John A. Rogers", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Chemistry, and Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States", "Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-3961", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Chemistry, and Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I111979921", "https://openalex.org/I4210157890"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5000726572", "display_name": "Aaron Rowe", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I146461966", "display_name": "Becton Dickinson (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/048vrgr14", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I146461966"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Aaron Rowe", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Becton, Dickinson and Company, 1268 N. Lakeview Avenue, Anaheim, California 92807, United States", "Ready, Set, Food! 15821 Ventura Blvd #450, Encino, California 91436, United States"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Becton, Dickinson and Company, 1268 N. Lakeview Avenue, Anaheim, California 92807, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I146461966"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Ready, Set, Food! 15821 Ventura Blvd #450, Encino, California 91436, United States", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5061652666", "display_name": "Oliver G. Schmidt", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9503-8367"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2610724", "display_name": "Chemnitz University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00a208s56", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I78650965", "display_name": "Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden", "ror": "https://ror.org/042aqky30", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Oliver G. Schmidt", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09107, Germany", "Nanophysics, Faculty of Physics, TU Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany", "Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09126, Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09107, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Nanophysics, Faculty of Physics, TU Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09126, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041244264", "display_name": "Tsuyoshi Sekitani", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1070-2738"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138169", "display_name": "Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03r38cy24", "country_code": "JP", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138169"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I98285908", "display_name": "The University of Osaka", "ror": "https://ror.org/035t8zc32", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tsuyoshi Sekitani", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan 5670047"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1070-2738", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan 5670047", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138169", "https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056096774", "display_name": "Dae\u2010Gyo Seo", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I139264467", "display_name": "Seoul National University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04h9pn542", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Dae-Gyo Seo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032187710", "display_name": "Guozhen Shen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9755-1647"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I125839683", "display_name": "Beijing Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01skt4w74", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I125839683", "https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Guozhen Shen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9755-1647", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007371177", "display_name": "Xing Sheng", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210115644", "display_name": "Chinese Institute for Brain Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/029819q61", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210115644"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I99065089", "display_name": "Tsinghua University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03cve4549", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xing Sheng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8744-1700", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210115644", "https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5052030441", "display_name": "Qiongfeng Shi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5979-1420"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165932596", "display_name": "National University of Singapore", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210125878", "display_name": "Suzhou Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/03ebk0c60", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210125878"]}], "countries": ["CN", "SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Qiongfeng Shi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore", "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore", "National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210125878", "https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5008853188", "display_name": "Takao Someya", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3051-1138"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I74801974", "display_name": "The University of Tokyo", "ror": "https://ror.org/057zh3y96", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Takao Someya", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3051-1138", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109553608", "display_name": "Yanlin Song", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-3917"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210155088", "display_name": "Institute of Chemistry", "ror": "https://ror.org/048y1rc66", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yanlin Song", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100190, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-3917", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100190, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065689706", "display_name": "Eleni Stavrinidou", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9357-776X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I102134673", "display_name": "Link\u00f6ping University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05ynxx418", "country_code": "SE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}], "countries": ["SE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Eleni Stavrinidou", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-601 74 Norrkoping, Sweden"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9357-776X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-601 74 Norrkoping, Sweden", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070484701", "display_name": "Meng Su", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8485-2590"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210155088", "display_name": "Institute of Chemistry", "ror": "https://ror.org/048y1rc66", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Meng Su", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100190, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100190, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076540468", "display_name": "Xuemei Sun", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-8593"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I24943067", "display_name": "Fudan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/013q1eq08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xuemei Sun", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-8593", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007444796", "display_name": "Kuniharu Takei", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-3747"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4387152983", "display_name": "Osaka Metropolitan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01hvx5h04", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4387152983"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kuniharu Takei", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-3747", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4387152983"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5087298250", "display_name": "Xiaoming Tao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2406-0695"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I14243506", "display_name": "Hong Kong Polytechnic University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0030zas98", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}], "countries": ["HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiao-Ming Tao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, School of Fashion and Textiles, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2406-0695", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, School of Fashion and Textiles, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011611778", "display_name": "Benjamin C. K. Tee", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-4105"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165932596", "display_name": "National University of Singapore", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Benjamin C. K. Tee", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore", "iHealthtech, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-4105", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "iHealthtech, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5050315289", "display_name": "Aaron Thean", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-6404"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165932596", "display_name": "National University of Singapore", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Aaron Voon-Yew Thean", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore", "Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation \u03bc-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation \u03bc-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029696652", "display_name": "Tran Quang Trung", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-7543"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I848706", "display_name": "Sungkyunkwan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04q78tk20", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tran Quang Trung", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 13, "institutions_distinct_count": 142, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5100373719"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651", "https://openalex.org/I172675005", "https://openalex.org/I4210123095"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 127.282, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 1213, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "17", "issue": "6", "first_page": "5211", "last_page": "5295"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10338", "display_name": "Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials", "score": 0.9988999962806702, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10338", "display_name": "Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials", "score": 0.9988999962806702, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12238", "display_name": "Green IT and Sustainability", "score": 0.957099974155426, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10273", "display_name": "IoT and Edge/Fog Computing", "score": 0.9309999942779541, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/commercialization", "display_name": "Commercialization", "score": 0.7351593375205994}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment", "display_name": "Software deployment", "score": 0.7131881713867188}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5437762141227722}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data", "display_name": "Big data", "score": 0.46408578753471375}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network", "display_name": "Wireless sensor network", "score": 0.4539312422275543}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering", "display_name": "Systems engineering", "score": 0.39901530742645264}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science", "display_name": "Data science", "score": 0.3922882080078125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management", "display_name": "Engineering management", "score": 0.3385758697986603}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis", "display_name": "Risk analysis (engineering)", "score": 0.3238281011581421}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/business", "display_name": "Business", "score": 0.2429550588130951}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.23783567547798157}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780625559", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152592", "display_name": "Commercialization", "level": 2, "score": 0.7351593375205994}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105339364", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740", "display_name": "Software deployment", "level": 2, "score": 0.7131881713867188}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5437762141227722}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C75684735", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810", "display_name": "Big data", "level": 2, "score": 0.46408578753471375}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C24590314", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038", "display_name": "Wireless sensor network", "level": 2, "score": 0.4539312422275543}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C201995342", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496", "display_name": "Systems engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.39901530742645264}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463", "display_name": "Data science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3922882080078125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C110354214", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146", "display_name": "Engineering management", "level": 1, "score": 0.3385758697986603}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C112930515", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547", "display_name": "Risk analysis (engineering)", "level": 1, "score": 0.3238281011581421}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453", "display_name": "Business", "level": 0, "score": 0.2429550588130951}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.23783567547798157}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809", "display_name": "Marketing", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C31258907", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371", "display_name": "Computer network", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000076251", "descriptor_name": "Wearable Electronic Devices", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000076251", "descriptor_name": "Wearable Electronic Devices", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000076251", "descriptor_name": "Wearable Electronic Devices", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000076251", "descriptor_name": "Wearable Electronic Devices", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000076251", "descriptor_name": "Wearable Electronic Devices", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000076251", "descriptor_name": "Wearable Electronic Devices", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011788", "descriptor_name": "Quality of Life", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011788", "descriptor_name": "Quality of Life", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011788", "descriptor_name": "Quality of Life", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011788", "descriptor_name": "Quality of Life", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011788", "descriptor_name": "Quality of Life", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011788", "descriptor_name": "Quality of Life", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 9, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c12606", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c12606", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S145476921", "display_name": "ACS Nano", "issn_l": "1936-0851", "issn": ["1936-0851", "1936-086X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320006", "host_organization_name": "American Chemical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Chemical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ACS Nano", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:36892156", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36892156", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ACS nano", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:DiVA.org:liu-202845", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-202845", "pdf_url": "https://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1853537/FULLTEXT01", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401559", "display_name": "KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3m6447z5", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3m6447z5", "pdf_url": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt3m6447z5/qt3m6447z5.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400115", "display_name": "eScholarship (California Digital Library)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2801248553", "host_organization_name": "California Digital Library", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "ACS Nano, vol 17, iss 6", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11223676", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11223676", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "ACS Nano", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-126542", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-126542", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401796", "display_name": "Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I200769079", "host_organization_name": "Hong Kong University of Science and Technology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200769079"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Article"}, {"id": "pmh:ark:/13030/qt3m6447z5", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:198223", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/198223/", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400854", "display_name": "White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2800616092", "host_organization_name": "White Rose University Consortium", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:s-space.snu.ac.kr:10371/194685", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/10371/194685", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401345", "display_name": "Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I139264467", "host_organization_name": "Seoul National University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:DiVA.org:liu-202845", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-202845", "pdf_url": "https://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1853537/FULLTEXT01", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401559", "display_name": "KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G100296540", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "215123", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320698", "funder_display_name": "National University of Singapore"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1056976280", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2022M3C1A3081211", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1252306040", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2022R1A4A3032923", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1256886127", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "1636136", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337391", "funder_display_name": "Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1357221550", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CBET-2223566", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337390", "funder_display_name": "Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G136317757", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "A18A1b0045", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320709", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation Singapore"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1434600846", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "62174082", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1523888516", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "FA9550-", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338279", "funder_display_name": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G177358269", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "KA 5051/3-1", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320879", "funder_display_name": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1875370808", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "200438", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1886920970", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2019YFA0706100", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335777", "funder_display_name": "National Key Research and Development Program of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1967500033", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2021YFB3601200", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335777", "funder_display_name": "National Key Research and Development Program of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G2144708360", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2021YFA1202600", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321540", "funder_display_name": "Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G2215767873", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "NRF-2015R1A3A2066337", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G2219127233", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "JPMJTM22BK", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338117", "funder_display_name": "Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through Target-Driven R and D"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G222694471", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "215123", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321133", "funder_display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G2256575814", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "100871", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320324787", "funder_display_name": "Peking University"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G2343910476", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "202202", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321133", "funder_display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G243057121", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "SCHM KA5051/1-1", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320879", "funder_display_name": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G2686098036", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "61922057", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G282299625", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "150001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321940", "funder_display_name": "Harbin Institute of Technology"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G2852527511", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2020R1A2C3013480", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3017297854", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "002479-00001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320709", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation Singapore"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3203213839", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2145802", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337392", "funder_display_name": "Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3256655880", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "200240", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322999", "funder_display_name": "Shanghai Jiao Tong University"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3270021253", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2021YFB3601200", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321540", "funder_display_name": "Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3334303279", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "62201243", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3350460145", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "I2001E0059", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320709", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation Singapore"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3387330441", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CAREER", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337391", "funder_display_name": "Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3421629829", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "RIE2020", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320709", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation Singapore"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3493594101", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2021YFA1202600", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335777", "funder_display_name": "National Key Research and Development Program of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3497171038", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "R01HD108473", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "funder_display_name": "National Institutes of Health"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3635183847", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "T62/2019", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320879", "funder_display_name": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3693863982", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "518055", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321940", "funder_display_name": "Harbin Institute of Technology"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G375943676", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "51735007", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4197678328", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "9667221", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320309893", "funder_display_name": "City University of Hong Kong"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4243770714", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "518055", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322392", "funder_display_name": "Tsinghua University"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4410006847", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "FA9550-22-1-0423", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338279", "funder_display_name": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4474190287", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "EEC-1160483", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338279", "funder_display_name": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4553537710", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "DA045550", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337347", "funder_display_name": "National Institute on Drug Abuse"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4666193957", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2015R1A3A2066337", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4702872674", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "210023", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320324852", "funder_display_name": "Nanjing University"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4724828307", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "3191001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322919", "funder_display_name": "Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4823243435", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2044688", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4950536974", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "-0001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "funder_display_name": "National Institutes of Health"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4959923468", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "HFM-RP1", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320698", "funder_display_name": "National University of Singapore"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5000464008", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "RIE2020", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320696", "funder_display_name": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5024175239", "display_name": "\u57f9\u990a\u7d30\u80de\u306e\u6838\u819c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bDNA\u8907\u88fd\u306e\u7814\u7a76", "funder_award_id": "90095", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334764", "funder_display_name": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5051097733", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2145802", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5144664517", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "-0001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306196", "funder_display_name": "Welch Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5237220917", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2145802", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5310156185", "display_name": "\u8133\u6b7b\u3068\u8133\u6ce2\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u7814\u7a76", "funder_award_id": "92093", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334764", "funder_display_name": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G544466643", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "1160483", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5529171681", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "JP22H00594", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334764", "funder_display_name": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5623425517", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2022M3C1A3081211", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320328359", "funder_display_name": "Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5677059423", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "002479-00001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320696", "funder_display_name": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G571604383", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "19JC1412400", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321885", "funder_display_name": "Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5809100787", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "FA9550", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338279", "funder_display_name": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5957400074", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "NRF-2022M3C1A3081211", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320328359", "funder_display_name": "Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5975535199", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "EEC-1160483", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G597873067", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "JPMJPR20B7", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338111", "funder_display_name": "Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5994581132", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2019YFA0706100", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321540", "funder_display_name": "Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G621206916", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "61922057", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320333688", "funder_display_name": "National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6243276170", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "NRF-2022M3C1A3081211", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6265505293", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "NRF-2015R1A3A2066337", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320328359", "funder_display_name": "Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6351947622", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2022R1A4A3032923", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320671", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6371627669", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "LG-QS-202202-09", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G640677309", "display_name": "Multihaptic wearable sensor enabled by biomimetic polymer to stoke engagement in swallowing rehabilitation therapy", "funder_award_id": "2223566", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6451219991", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "62074029", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6470418393", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "82151305", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6671297155", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CAREER", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6732588744", "display_name": "\u81d3\u5668\u79fb\u690d\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u79fb\u690d\u7247\u5185\u8840\u6d41\u6a5f\u69cb\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76", "funder_award_id": "48823", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334764", "funder_display_name": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6780589486", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2134664", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337391", "funder_display_name": "Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6786157107", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "T62/2019", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334763", "funder_display_name": "Leibniz-Gemeinschaft"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6965218931", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "F-1861", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306196", "funder_display_name": "Welch Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7206743659", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "A18A1b0045", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320696", "funder_display_name": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7353760717", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "DA045550", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "funder_display_name": "National Institutes of Health"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7445629787", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "R01HD108473", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337611", "funder_display_name": "Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7600666468", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "SCHM 1298/22-1", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320879", "funder_display_name": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G762852383", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2022R1A4A3032923", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320328359", "funder_display_name": "Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7724516284", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "KA5051/1-1", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320879", "funder_display_name": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7812006156", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "22234006", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G800496194", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "518055", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320327605", "funder_display_name": "Southern University of Science and Technology"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G801418715", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "T2225017", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8198795195", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "00001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "funder_display_name": "National Institutes of Health"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8215032062", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "100084", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322392", "funder_display_name": "Tsinghua University"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8219488318", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "RIE2020", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320671", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8449906355", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2044688", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337392", "funder_display_name": "Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8571955481", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2134664", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G873438355", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CMMI1636136", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337391", "funder_display_name": "Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8787502560", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "1160483", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337394", "funder_display_name": "Division of Engineering Education and Centers"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8815012119", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2015R1A3A2066337", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320328359", "funder_display_name": "Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G883873852", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "SCHM KA 5051/3-1", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320879", "funder_display_name": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8848909412", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "JPMJCR21U1", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334789", "funder_display_name": "Japan Science and Technology Agency"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G888727179", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "I2001E0059", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320696", "funder_display_name": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8900973900", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2020H1D3A2A02111068", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8922011298", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "002479-00001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320766", "funder_display_name": "Nanyang Technological University"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8942118549", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "002479-00001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G899990266", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "U20A6001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G918737037", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "30332", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320309321", "funder_display_name": "Georgia Institute of Technology"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "display_name": "National Science Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306147", "display_name": "Brain and Behavior Research Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/03a63f080"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306196", "display_name": "Welch Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/00np6vq88"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320307785", "display_name": "3M", "ror": "https://ror.org/00mgss748"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320309036", "display_name": "Purdue University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02dqehb95"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320309321", "display_name": "Georgia Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01zkghx44"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320309622", "display_name": "Harvard University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03vek6s52"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320309626", "display_name": "University of Chicago", "ror": "https://ror.org/024mw5h28"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320309893", "display_name": "City University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/03q8dnn23"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320310016", "display_name": "Michigan State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05hs6h993"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320310620", "display_name": "University of Texas at Austin", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hj54h04"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320311034", "display_name": "Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz", "ror": "https://ror.org/00a208s56"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320314892", "display_name": "MIT Media Lab", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320671", "display_name": "National Research Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320696", "display_name": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/036wvzt09"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320698", "display_name": "National University of Singapore", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320709", "display_name": "National Research Foundation Singapore", "ror": "https://ror.org/03cpyc314"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320766", "display_name": "Nanyang Technological University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e7b5302"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320879", "display_name": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft", "ror": "https://ror.org/018mejw64"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321133", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321282", "display_name": "Pohang University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xysgw12"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321292", "display_name": "Seoul National University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04h9pn542"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321378", "display_name": "Sungkyunkwan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04q78tk20"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321432", "display_name": "Beijing Normal University", "ror": "https://ror.org/022k4wk35"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321540", "display_name": "Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/027s68j25"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321851", "display_name": "Fudan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/013q1eq08"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321885", "display_name": "Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality", "ror": "https://ror.org/03kt66j61"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321940", "display_name": "Harbin Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yqg2h08"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea", "ror": "https://ror.org/013aysd81"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322292", "display_name": "Jinan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02xe5ns62"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322379", "display_name": "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover", "ror": "https://ror.org/0304hq317"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322392", "display_name": "Tsinghua University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03cve4549"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322919", "display_name": "Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322999", "display_name": "Shanghai Jiao Tong University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0220qvk04"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320323268", "display_name": "Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications", "ror": "https://ror.org/043bpky34"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320324161", "display_name": "Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05apxxy63"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320324605", "display_name": "Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320324787", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320324852", "display_name": "Nanjing University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01rxvg760"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320324983", "display_name": "Nanjing Tech University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03sd35x91"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320326441", "display_name": "Institute for Basic Science", "ror": "https://ror.org/00y0zf565"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320327605", "display_name": "Southern University of Science and Technology", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320328359", "display_name": "Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea", "ror": "https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332431", "display_name": "College of Engineering, Michigan State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05hs6h993"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332502", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332603", "display_name": "University of California, San Diego", "ror": "https://ror.org/0168r3w48"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320333688", "display_name": "National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334763", "display_name": "Leibniz-Gemeinschaft", "ror": "https://ror.org/01n6r0e97"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334764", "display_name": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334789", "display_name": "Japan Science and Technology Agency", "ror": "https://ror.org/00097mb19"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335777", "display_name": "National Key Research and Development Program of China", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320336769", "display_name": "Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337030", "display_name": "Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337347", "display_name": "National Institute on Drug Abuse", "ror": "https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337390", "display_name": "Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems", "ror": "https://ror.org/0471zv972"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337391", "display_name": "Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation", "ror": "https://ror.org/028yd4c30"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337392", "display_name": "Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems", "ror": "https://ror.org/01krpsy48"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337394", "display_name": "Division of Engineering Education and Centers", "ror": "https://ror.org/050rnw378"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337549", "display_name": "Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337611", "display_name": "Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development", "ror": "https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337965", "display_name": "California NanoSystems Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/00q7fqf35"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338111", "display_name": "Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338117", "display_name": "Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through Target-Driven R and D", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338279", "display_name": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338292", "display_name": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jbv0t02"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323653529.pdf"}, "referenced_works_count": 1076, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W234138916", "https://openalex.org/W590870413", "https://openalex.org/W592099904", "https://openalex.org/W1482953092", "https://openalex.org/W1515749184", "https://openalex.org/W1590155876", "https://openalex.org/W1926387934", "https://openalex.org/W1942196050", "https://openalex.org/W1960754380", "https://openalex.org/W1969448305", "https://openalex.org/W1970308461", "https://openalex.org/W1970833525", "https://openalex.org/W1972687661", "https://openalex.org/W1974197287", "https://openalex.org/W1976652877", "https://openalex.org/W1977947323", "https://openalex.org/W1979369614", "https://openalex.org/W1980640510", "https://openalex.org/W1981363934", "https://openalex.org/W1985529456", "https://openalex.org/W1988801089", "https://openalex.org/W1989172022", "https://openalex.org/W1993468865", "https://openalex.org/W1993509513", "https://openalex.org/W1994529241", "https://openalex.org/W1995063875", "https://openalex.org/W1995127070", "https://openalex.org/W1995296652", "https://openalex.org/W2005741801", "https://openalex.org/W2007578398", "https://openalex.org/W2009865360", "https://openalex.org/W2010707453", "https://openalex.org/W2013186224", "https://openalex.org/W2013810570", "https://openalex.org/W2016018790", "https://openalex.org/W2016822963", "https://openalex.org/W2016922062", "https://openalex.org/W2017832059", "https://openalex.org/W2018540709", "https://openalex.org/W2021173472", "https://openalex.org/W2023385407", "https://openalex.org/W2026173753", "https://openalex.org/W2030428776", "https://openalex.org/W2030699080", "https://openalex.org/W2030749064", "https://openalex.org/W2036531934", "https://openalex.org/W2039916876", "https://openalex.org/W2041101642", "https://openalex.org/W2041463870", "https://openalex.org/W2047656177", "https://openalex.org/W2050905122", "https://openalex.org/W2051243774", "https://openalex.org/W2051609280", "https://openalex.org/W2051762013", "https://openalex.org/W2056594748", "https://openalex.org/W2060449729", "https://openalex.org/W2060913350", "https://openalex.org/W2061453480", "https://openalex.org/W2065613910", "https://openalex.org/W2066169736", "https://openalex.org/W2067608984", "https://openalex.org/W2069906797", "https://openalex.org/W2072165107", "https://openalex.org/W2073272844", "https://openalex.org/W2073432406", "https://openalex.org/W2078835847", "https://openalex.org/W2085227243", "https://openalex.org/W2085575671", "https://openalex.org/W2085685120", "https://openalex.org/W2089639762", "https://openalex.org/W2092875581", "https://openalex.org/W2093611605", "https://openalex.org/W2098459561", "https://openalex.org/W2103709281", "https://openalex.org/W2119017476", "https://openalex.org/W2119480884", "https://openalex.org/W2119989931", "https://openalex.org/W2121258779", "https://openalex.org/W2124140157", "https://openalex.org/W2131029473", "https://openalex.org/W2135339229", "https://openalex.org/W2146191673", "https://openalex.org/W2151263439", "https://openalex.org/W2158311275", "https://openalex.org/W2160467540", "https://openalex.org/W2163166270", "https://openalex.org/W2165985836", "https://openalex.org/W2166777736", "https://openalex.org/W2167053601", "https://openalex.org/W2168100296", "https://openalex.org/W2170562875", "https://openalex.org/W2170628096", "https://openalex.org/W2174029439", "https://openalex.org/W2178988079", "https://openalex.org/W2180884865", "https://openalex.org/W2197794523", "https://openalex.org/W2258259518", "https://openalex.org/W2264088247", "https://openalex.org/W2264955570", "https://openalex.org/W2266175888", "https://openalex.org/W2266982813", "https://openalex.org/W2268125433", "https://openalex.org/W2270519718", "https://openalex.org/W2287510856", "https://openalex.org/W2294709600", "https://openalex.org/W2302487622", "https://openalex.org/W2305946569", "https://openalex.org/W2312214275", "https://openalex.org/W2315530762", "https://openalex.org/W2316891877", "https://openalex.org/W2319171448", "https://openalex.org/W2327420577", "https://openalex.org/W2331547947", "https://openalex.org/W2342159388", "https://openalex.org/W2345317090", "https://openalex.org/W2346225394", "https://openalex.org/W2346517120", "https://openalex.org/W2398652830", "https://openalex.org/W2402834145", "https://openalex.org/W2413450610", "https://openalex.org/W2418809808", "https://openalex.org/W2441154483", "https://openalex.org/W2466645121", "https://openalex.org/W2474141489", "https://openalex.org/W2476229075", "https://openalex.org/W2482597390", "https://openalex.org/W2502082066", "https://openalex.org/W2515930553", "https://openalex.org/W2520356069", "https://openalex.org/W2521475794", "https://openalex.org/W2525853733", "https://openalex.org/W2527732773", "https://openalex.org/W2532838659", "https://openalex.org/W2537935995", "https://openalex.org/W2538345477", "https://openalex.org/W2545851061", "https://openalex.org/W2548849793", "https://openalex.org/W2552460226", "https://openalex.org/W2552540631", "https://openalex.org/W2560026817", "https://openalex.org/W2560748402", "https://openalex.org/W2560877868", "https://openalex.org/W2561107991", "https://openalex.org/W2564083981", "https://openalex.org/W2567786944", "https://openalex.org/W2570069575", "https://openalex.org/W2571051306", "https://openalex.org/W2572169790", "https://openalex.org/W2579323355", "https://openalex.org/W2580482561", "https://openalex.org/W2582190866", "https://openalex.org/W2582986071", "https://openalex.org/W2584716181", "https://openalex.org/W2584895956", "https://openalex.org/W2584998015", "https://openalex.org/W2586631183", "https://openalex.org/W2587792524", "https://openalex.org/W2587896554", "https://openalex.org/W2590095297", "https://openalex.org/W2591887873", "https://openalex.org/W2594844894", "https://openalex.org/W2597831797", "https://openalex.org/W2599861759", "https://openalex.org/W2606331555", "https://openalex.org/W2606370452", "https://openalex.org/W2616602601", "https://openalex.org/W2619763057", "https://openalex.org/W2620547429", "https://openalex.org/W2622635205", "https://openalex.org/W2624925518", "https://openalex.org/W2625161454", "https://openalex.org/W2625203072", "https://openalex.org/W2725253622", "https://openalex.org/W2725707729", "https://openalex.org/W2734256217", "https://openalex.org/W2734595361", "https://openalex.org/W2735220407", "https://openalex.org/W2738103550", "https://openalex.org/W2746288040", "https://openalex.org/W2748094731", "https://openalex.org/W2749122126", "https://openalex.org/W2750614770", "https://openalex.org/W2750671873", "https://openalex.org/W2751819004", "https://openalex.org/W2751934142", "https://openalex.org/W2754014734", "https://openalex.org/W2754486364", "https://openalex.org/W2754518954", "https://openalex.org/W2759456784", "https://openalex.org/W2759885802", "https://openalex.org/W2763874231", "https://openalex.org/W2765802355", "https://openalex.org/W2767201666", "https://openalex.org/W2768328001", "https://openalex.org/W2768678455", "https://openalex.org/W2770621259", "https://openalex.org/W2771924592", "https://openalex.org/W2772398882", "https://openalex.org/W2772659458", "https://openalex.org/W2773898323", "https://openalex.org/W2774327811", "https://openalex.org/W2775635818", "https://openalex.org/W2775771159", "https://openalex.org/W2776322741", "https://openalex.org/W2778512092", "https://openalex.org/W2780756707", "https://openalex.org/W2783338612", "https://openalex.org/W2783908655", "https://openalex.org/W2785518204", "https://openalex.org/W2786243724", "https://openalex.org/W2786731106", "https://openalex.org/W2787870122", "https://openalex.org/W2788045153", "https://openalex.org/W2789378891", "https://openalex.org/W2789774068", "https://openalex.org/W2791443927", "https://openalex.org/W2791987429", "https://openalex.org/W2792389578", "https://openalex.org/W2792443838", "https://openalex.org/W2793156678", "https://openalex.org/W2793795862", "https://openalex.org/W2794255862", "https://openalex.org/W2794321758", "https://openalex.org/W2794992598", "https://openalex.org/W2795111082", "https://openalex.org/W2795210588", "https://openalex.org/W2795610484", "https://openalex.org/W2795833336", "https://openalex.org/W2796123888", "https://openalex.org/W2796826964", "https://openalex.org/W2799344841", "https://openalex.org/W2799596652", "https://openalex.org/W2800350880", "https://openalex.org/W2800594651", "https://openalex.org/W2801213384", "https://openalex.org/W2804981481", "https://openalex.org/W2806075947", "https://openalex.org/W2806904536", "https://openalex.org/W2807551379", "https://openalex.org/W2808149983", "https://openalex.org/W2808441870", "https://openalex.org/W2808848509", "https://openalex.org/W2809998381", "https://openalex.org/W2810140937", "https://openalex.org/W2810628504", "https://openalex.org/W2817032991", "https://openalex.org/W2878752601", "https://openalex.org/W2883197743", "https://openalex.org/W2884186825", "https://openalex.org/W2885235845", "https://openalex.org/W2886783312", "https://openalex.org/W2886878416", "https://openalex.org/W2886881512", "https://openalex.org/W2887163997", "https://openalex.org/W2889146720", "https://openalex.org/W2889962841", "https://openalex.org/W2889983411", "https://openalex.org/W2890135376", "https://openalex.org/W2890727552", "https://openalex.org/W2891386968", "https://openalex.org/W2891599654", "https://openalex.org/W2891821958", "https://openalex.org/W2894954754", "https://openalex.org/W2896049517", "https://openalex.org/W2896355201", "https://openalex.org/W2896907566", "https://openalex.org/W2897592138", "https://openalex.org/W2897751210", "https://openalex.org/W2898803364", "https://openalex.org/W2899525174", "https://openalex.org/W2899585482", "https://openalex.org/W2899602604", "https://openalex.org/W2899654313", "https://openalex.org/W2899809907", "https://openalex.org/W2900970864", "https://openalex.org/W2901490785", "https://openalex.org/W2902006921", "https://openalex.org/W2903179737", "https://openalex.org/W2903184184", "https://openalex.org/W2903270083", "https://openalex.org/W2903476446", "https://openalex.org/W2904828580", "https://openalex.org/W2906572232", "https://openalex.org/W2907179845", "https://openalex.org/W2907847472", "https://openalex.org/W2908409763", "https://openalex.org/W2908711986", "https://openalex.org/W2908714368", "https://openalex.org/W2909685854", "https://openalex.org/W2910467356", "https://openalex.org/W2910830939", "https://openalex.org/W2910883029", "https://openalex.org/W2911679930", "https://openalex.org/W2911702109", "https://openalex.org/W2911705507", "https://openalex.org/W2912551290", "https://openalex.org/W2912992790", "https://openalex.org/W2913795410", "https://openalex.org/W2913994301", "https://openalex.org/W2914493171", "https://openalex.org/W2914747747", "https://openalex.org/W2914862118", "https://openalex.org/W2915771847", "https://openalex.org/W2915974603", "https://openalex.org/W2916533817", "https://openalex.org/W2917088308", "https://openalex.org/W2917130660", "https://openalex.org/W2917386416", "https://openalex.org/W2920955050", "https://openalex.org/W2921776860", "https://openalex.org/W2922216393", "https://openalex.org/W2922247500", "https://openalex.org/W2923444658", "https://openalex.org/W2925397776", "https://openalex.org/W2939969850", "https://openalex.org/W2942216650", "https://openalex.org/W2943581473", "https://openalex.org/W2944313468", "https://openalex.org/W2944393950", "https://openalex.org/W2944442503", "https://openalex.org/W2945247555", "https://openalex.org/W2945869729", "https://openalex.org/W2946031578", "https://openalex.org/W2947434510", "https://openalex.org/W2947639299", "https://openalex.org/W2948587969", "https://openalex.org/W2949750251", "https://openalex.org/W2950785272", "https://openalex.org/W2950959318", "https://openalex.org/W2951704900", "https://openalex.org/W2952680703", "https://openalex.org/W2952943235", "https://openalex.org/W2953423523", "https://openalex.org/W2954213822", "https://openalex.org/W2954792481", "https://openalex.org/W2954808814", "https://openalex.org/W2955042957", "https://openalex.org/W2955318546", "https://openalex.org/W2955393539", "https://openalex.org/W2956741661", "https://openalex.org/W2957613877", "https://openalex.org/W2957921024", "https://openalex.org/W2959282602", "https://openalex.org/W2959651245", "https://openalex.org/W2959698263", "https://openalex.org/W2959918437", "https://openalex.org/W2960200605", "https://openalex.org/W2960805044", "https://openalex.org/W2962670450", "https://openalex.org/W2963086219", "https://openalex.org/W2963602343", "https://openalex.org/W2964435824", "https://openalex.org/W2964439613", "https://openalex.org/W2965064051", "https://openalex.org/W2965133249", "https://openalex.org/W2965786352", "https://openalex.org/W2966064220", "https://openalex.org/W2966761246", "https://openalex.org/W2967307231", "https://openalex.org/W2967720691", "https://openalex.org/W2968300584", "https://openalex.org/W2968475394", "https://openalex.org/W2969331169", "https://openalex.org/W2969340058", "https://openalex.org/W2969353819", "https://openalex.org/W2970514110", "https://openalex.org/W2970595036", "https://openalex.org/W2971237575", "https://openalex.org/W2971865338", "https://openalex.org/W2971902231", "https://openalex.org/W2972052999", "https://openalex.org/W2972094735", "https://openalex.org/W2972435299", "https://openalex.org/W2972605523", "https://openalex.org/W2973203804", "https://openalex.org/W2973967544", "https://openalex.org/W2975701161", "https://openalex.org/W2976744589", "https://openalex.org/W2977226092", "https://openalex.org/W2978141390", "https://openalex.org/W2978281981", "https://openalex.org/W2979227497", "https://openalex.org/W2979752182", "https://openalex.org/W2979867905", "https://openalex.org/W2980129207", "https://openalex.org/W2981035601", "https://openalex.org/W2982051194", "https://openalex.org/W2982268776", "https://openalex.org/W2983661150", "https://openalex.org/W2985643512", "https://openalex.org/W2986077039", "https://openalex.org/W2986366849", "https://openalex.org/W2986578404", "https://openalex.org/W2987277850", "https://openalex.org/W2987973682", "https://openalex.org/W2988034372", "https://openalex.org/W2988135549", "https://openalex.org/W2990444490", "https://openalex.org/W2990605642", "https://openalex.org/W2990691150", "https://openalex.org/W2991307628", "https://openalex.org/W2991548490", "https://openalex.org/W2991877203", "https://openalex.org/W2992210402", "https://openalex.org/W2992817920", "https://openalex.org/W2994274383", "https://openalex.org/W2995444605", "https://openalex.org/W2996054300", "https://openalex.org/W2996429036", "https://openalex.org/W2996670174", "https://openalex.org/W2997094746", "https://openalex.org/W2997179802", "https://openalex.org/W2997554523", "https://openalex.org/W2997826228", "https://openalex.org/W2998885608", "https://openalex.org/W2999408882", "https://openalex.org/W2999894239", "https://openalex.org/W3000478013", "https://openalex.org/W3000505821", "https://openalex.org/W3002340625", "https://openalex.org/W3002857364", "https://openalex.org/W3003126813", "https://openalex.org/W3003319185", "https://openalex.org/W3003347467", "https://openalex.org/W3006607088", "https://openalex.org/W3006997636", "https://openalex.org/W3007236644", "https://openalex.org/W3008107250", "https://openalex.org/W3008874451", "https://openalex.org/W3008994271", "https://openalex.org/W3009471008", "https://openalex.org/W3009950940", "https://openalex.org/W3009994855", "https://openalex.org/W3010245527", "https://openalex.org/W3011895090", "https://openalex.org/W3012163988", "https://openalex.org/W3012834763", "https://openalex.org/W3013060976", "https://openalex.org/W3014675896", "https://openalex.org/W3015032324", "https://openalex.org/W3015505351", "https://openalex.org/W3015809619", "https://openalex.org/W3016833507", "https://openalex.org/W3016874508", "https://openalex.org/W3017265856", "https://openalex.org/W3017305623", "https://openalex.org/W3017489731", "https://openalex.org/W3017605837", "https://openalex.org/W3018778368", "https://openalex.org/W3020357871", "https://openalex.org/W3020406308", "https://openalex.org/W3021989619", "https://openalex.org/W3022969277", "https://openalex.org/W3023573305", "https://openalex.org/W3025224585", "https://openalex.org/W3028305674", "https://openalex.org/W3029684493", "https://openalex.org/W3033484770", "https://openalex.org/W3033578652", "https://openalex.org/W3034219366", "https://openalex.org/W3034432356", "https://openalex.org/W3034940236", "https://openalex.org/W3035576118", "https://openalex.org/W3035591255", "https://openalex.org/W3035703067", "https://openalex.org/W3036614133", "https://openalex.org/W3036727863", "https://openalex.org/W3036852719", "https://openalex.org/W3036994967", "https://openalex.org/W3037486115", "https://openalex.org/W3039279398", "https://openalex.org/W3039593752", "https://openalex.org/W3040740505", "https://openalex.org/W3041038219", "https://openalex.org/W3043202668", "https://openalex.org/W3043442413", "https://openalex.org/W3043881567", "https://openalex.org/W3044009480", "https://openalex.org/W3044457538", "https://openalex.org/W3045321711", "https://openalex.org/W3045632475", "https://openalex.org/W3046043767", "https://openalex.org/W3046212101", "https://openalex.org/W3046633757", "https://openalex.org/W3046810001", "https://openalex.org/W3046860577", "https://openalex.org/W3047408403", "https://openalex.org/W3047692618", "https://openalex.org/W3048822132", "https://openalex.org/W3048990020", "https://openalex.org/W3076615873", "https://openalex.org/W3080259453", "https://openalex.org/W3082377532", "https://openalex.org/W3082653819", "https://openalex.org/W3083164271", "https://openalex.org/W3083738679", "https://openalex.org/W3083918922", "https://openalex.org/W3084056592", "https://openalex.org/W3085124701", "https://openalex.org/W3085403569", "https://openalex.org/W3085523448", "https://openalex.org/W3087014339", "https://openalex.org/W3087604987", "https://openalex.org/W3087636483", "https://openalex.org/W3088124445", "https://openalex.org/W3088723136", "https://openalex.org/W3089078382", "https://openalex.org/W3089560203", "https://openalex.org/W3089575664", "https://openalex.org/W3090417167", "https://openalex.org/W3090570519", "https://openalex.org/W3090995991", "https://openalex.org/W3091457909", "https://openalex.org/W3091542356", "https://openalex.org/W3091600525", "https://openalex.org/W3092189325", "https://openalex.org/W3092371431", "https://openalex.org/W3092554636", "https://openalex.org/W3092581957", "https://openalex.org/W3092891558", "https://openalex.org/W3093831449", "https://openalex.org/W3094630323", "https://openalex.org/W3094783081", "https://openalex.org/W3095038698", "https://openalex.org/W3095198974", "https://openalex.org/W3096122204", "https://openalex.org/W3096211470", "https://openalex.org/W3096483065", "https://openalex.org/W3096975213", "https://openalex.org/W3097718989", "https://openalex.org/W3097994715", "https://openalex.org/W3098287426", "https://openalex.org/W3099447764", "https://openalex.org/W3100560074", "https://openalex.org/W3101262183", "https://openalex.org/W3102407952", "https://openalex.org/W3103100888", "https://openalex.org/W3104020727", "https://openalex.org/W3104096625", "https://openalex.org/W3104517192", "https://openalex.org/W3104775050", "https://openalex.org/W3105881779", "https://openalex.org/W3106709972", "https://openalex.org/W3108035250", "https://openalex.org/W3110148019", "https://openalex.org/W3110597157", "https://openalex.org/W3110642299", "https://openalex.org/W3110862303", "https://openalex.org/W3111366224", "https://openalex.org/W3111848008", "https://openalex.org/W3112261215", "https://openalex.org/W3112640000", "https://openalex.org/W3112665924", "https://openalex.org/W3112693771", "https://openalex.org/W3112982681", "https://openalex.org/W3113181016", "https://openalex.org/W3113629693", "https://openalex.org/W3114175353", "https://openalex.org/W3114315982", "https://openalex.org/W3114359468", "https://openalex.org/W3114539955", "https://openalex.org/W3114697745", "https://openalex.org/W3117080414", "https://openalex.org/W3117206779", "https://openalex.org/W3118906985", "https://openalex.org/W3119012617", "https://openalex.org/W3119535577", "https://openalex.org/W3119601298", "https://openalex.org/W3119660925", "https://openalex.org/W3120198667", "https://openalex.org/W3121008421", "https://openalex.org/W3122106955", "https://openalex.org/W3122253115", "https://openalex.org/W3123906210", "https://openalex.org/W3124249386", "https://openalex.org/W3124580568", "https://openalex.org/W3124604975", "https://openalex.org/W3125264102", "https://openalex.org/W3125975268", "https://openalex.org/W3126795034", "https://openalex.org/W3126861319", "https://openalex.org/W3127494288", "https://openalex.org/W3127713043", "https://openalex.org/W3127756477", "https://openalex.org/W3128700355", "https://openalex.org/W3128788922", "https://openalex.org/W3129308091", "https://openalex.org/W3129782884", "https://openalex.org/W3130265077", "https://openalex.org/W3130539620", "https://openalex.org/W3132569084", "https://openalex.org/W3132659971", "https://openalex.org/W3132782516", "https://openalex.org/W3133276935", "https://openalex.org/W3133595525", "https://openalex.org/W3133703972", "https://openalex.org/W3134096124", "https://openalex.org/W3134916866", "https://openalex.org/W3135234476", "https://openalex.org/W3136132782", "https://openalex.org/W3136157739", "https://openalex.org/W3137222195", "https://openalex.org/W3138378275", "https://openalex.org/W3138929090", "https://openalex.org/W3139071414", "https://openalex.org/W3141912187", "https://openalex.org/W3142384962", "https://openalex.org/W3145000295", "https://openalex.org/W3145413538", "https://openalex.org/W3149090762", "https://openalex.org/W3149312043", "https://openalex.org/W3150930040", "https://openalex.org/W3153371789", "https://openalex.org/W3153923060", "https://openalex.org/W3154152827", "https://openalex.org/W3155723493", "https://openalex.org/W3155756166", "https://openalex.org/W3155827963", "https://openalex.org/W3156920854", "https://openalex.org/W3157186650", "https://openalex.org/W3157352703", "https://openalex.org/W3157888572", "https://openalex.org/W3157966970", "https://openalex.org/W3158098935", "https://openalex.org/W3158432186", "https://openalex.org/W3159231051", "https://openalex.org/W3159840827", "https://openalex.org/W3160045927", "https://openalex.org/W3160787141", "https://openalex.org/W3161046902", "https://openalex.org/W3161747029", "https://openalex.org/W3161949382", "https://openalex.org/W3162336647", "https://openalex.org/W3162741140", "https://openalex.org/W3163517815", "https://openalex.org/W3163993681", "https://openalex.org/W3164869716", "https://openalex.org/W3164873415", "https://openalex.org/W3165083573", "https://openalex.org/W3165179861", "https://openalex.org/W3165255800", "https://openalex.org/W3165521972", "https://openalex.org/W3166278644", "https://openalex.org/W3166405484", "https://openalex.org/W3166780204", "https://openalex.org/W3168009682", "https://openalex.org/W3169399781", "https://openalex.org/W3169676710", "https://openalex.org/W3169707058", "https://openalex.org/W3170991037", "https://openalex.org/W3171322517", "https://openalex.org/W3171804290", "https://openalex.org/W3171870551", "https://openalex.org/W3173205213", "https://openalex.org/W3173789974", "https://openalex.org/W3173987754", "https://openalex.org/W3174647825", "https://openalex.org/W3174937970", "https://openalex.org/W3174952422", "https://openalex.org/W3175354948", "https://openalex.org/W3175547357", "https://openalex.org/W3175717350", "https://openalex.org/W3176183164", "https://openalex.org/W3176993528", "https://openalex.org/W3177193797", "https://openalex.org/W3177384764", "https://openalex.org/W3177986211", "https://openalex.org/W3178117575", "https://openalex.org/W3178875152", "https://openalex.org/W3179215972", "https://openalex.org/W3180368765", "https://openalex.org/W3182606471", "https://openalex.org/W3182713418", "https://openalex.org/W3183233889", "https://openalex.org/W3183755466", "https://openalex.org/W3183779875", "https://openalex.org/W3184076950", "https://openalex.org/W3185545221", "https://openalex.org/W3185602476", "https://openalex.org/W3187976104", "https://openalex.org/W3189205910", "https://openalex.org/W3190058907", "https://openalex.org/W3190166661", "https://openalex.org/W3191057482", "https://openalex.org/W3191197668", "https://openalex.org/W3191409504", "https://openalex.org/W3191801814", "https://openalex.org/W3192443024", "https://openalex.org/W3193659330", "https://openalex.org/W3193731111", "https://openalex.org/W3194523676", "https://openalex.org/W3194680813", "https://openalex.org/W3194936211", "https://openalex.org/W3195294457", "https://openalex.org/W3195413001", "https://openalex.org/W3195887191", "https://openalex.org/W3196708162", "https://openalex.org/W3196981705", "https://openalex.org/W3197104107", "https://openalex.org/W3197429751", "https://openalex.org/W3197551171", "https://openalex.org/W3197665143", "https://openalex.org/W3197950940", "https://openalex.org/W3198336736", "https://openalex.org/W3198944505", "https://openalex.org/W3199282771", "https://openalex.org/W3199305613", "https://openalex.org/W3199551684", "https://openalex.org/W3200012354", "https://openalex.org/W3201144248", "https://openalex.org/W3201379615", "https://openalex.org/W3201517733", "https://openalex.org/W3201520731", "https://openalex.org/W3201785202", "https://openalex.org/W3201832167", "https://openalex.org/W3202169845", "https://openalex.org/W3202299993", "https://openalex.org/W3202348803", "https://openalex.org/W3202565070", "https://openalex.org/W3203418613", "https://openalex.org/W3203668422", "https://openalex.org/W3204001480", "https://openalex.org/W3204447954", "https://openalex.org/W3204907773", "https://openalex.org/W3204947859", "https://openalex.org/W3205201322", "https://openalex.org/W3206057670", "https://openalex.org/W3206148902", "https://openalex.org/W3206201886", "https://openalex.org/W3206257055", "https://openalex.org/W3206426061", "https://openalex.org/W3206732377", "https://openalex.org/W3207577409", "https://openalex.org/W3207610893", "https://openalex.org/W3208346600", "https://openalex.org/W3208514083", "https://openalex.org/W3208637228", "https://openalex.org/W3208952169", "https://openalex.org/W3209119094", "https://openalex.org/W3209340614", "https://openalex.org/W3209546542", "https://openalex.org/W3209588182", "https://openalex.org/W3210021170", "https://openalex.org/W3210233726", "https://openalex.org/W3210473474", "https://openalex.org/W3210966796", "https://openalex.org/W3211135448", "https://openalex.org/W3212045024", "https://openalex.org/W3212100347", "https://openalex.org/W3212399983", "https://openalex.org/W3213031608", "https://openalex.org/W3213438757", "https://openalex.org/W3213517261", "https://openalex.org/W3213723308", "https://openalex.org/W3214054166", "https://openalex.org/W3214490711", "https://openalex.org/W3215015806", "https://openalex.org/W3215096907", "https://openalex.org/W3215280046", "https://openalex.org/W3215307240", "https://openalex.org/W3215829481", "https://openalex.org/W3215884926", "https://openalex.org/W3216038757", "https://openalex.org/W3216288925", "https://openalex.org/W3216358190", "https://openalex.org/W3216400282", "https://openalex.org/W3216619217", "https://openalex.org/W3216888540", "https://openalex.org/W3217203525", "https://openalex.org/W3217380699", "https://openalex.org/W3217505885", "https://openalex.org/W4200006639", "https://openalex.org/W4200026682", "https://openalex.org/W4200040721", "https://openalex.org/W4200044608", "https://openalex.org/W4200053014", "https://openalex.org/W4200108457", "https://openalex.org/W4200109908", "https://openalex.org/W4200179445", "https://openalex.org/W4200182309", "https://openalex.org/W4200206425", "https://openalex.org/W4200228831", "https://openalex.org/W4200233919", "https://openalex.org/W4200245311", "https://openalex.org/W4200254556", "https://openalex.org/W4200336811", "https://openalex.org/W4200348368", "https://openalex.org/W4200371713", "https://openalex.org/W4200371900", "https://openalex.org/W4200402523", "https://openalex.org/W4200448928", "https://openalex.org/W4200564755", "https://openalex.org/W4200565805", "https://openalex.org/W4200567725", "https://openalex.org/W4200611336", "https://openalex.org/W4205118290", "https://openalex.org/W4205136907", "https://openalex.org/W4205404796", "https://openalex.org/W4205536845", "https://openalex.org/W4205542199", "https://openalex.org/W4205585760", "https://openalex.org/W4205715736", "https://openalex.org/W4205740463", "https://openalex.org/W4205742288", "https://openalex.org/W4205771812", "https://openalex.org/W4205820809", "https://openalex.org/W4205875016", "https://openalex.org/W4205994024", "https://openalex.org/W4206087788", "https://openalex.org/W4206108500", "https://openalex.org/W4206303533", "https://openalex.org/W4206321479", "https://openalex.org/W4206347423", "https://openalex.org/W4206510592", "https://openalex.org/W4206535166", "https://openalex.org/W4206547093", "https://openalex.org/W4206606605", "https://openalex.org/W4206812856", "https://openalex.org/W4206831541", "https://openalex.org/W4207032939", "https://openalex.org/W4207043266", "https://openalex.org/W4207050052", "https://openalex.org/W4207058257", "https://openalex.org/W4210456506", "https://openalex.org/W4210530467", "https://openalex.org/W4210630899", "https://openalex.org/W4210648172", "https://openalex.org/W4210752807", "https://openalex.org/W4210768658", "https://openalex.org/W4210776720", "https://openalex.org/W4210809931", "https://openalex.org/W4210825843", "https://openalex.org/W4210883786", "https://openalex.org/W4210904931", "https://openalex.org/W4210942150", "https://openalex.org/W4210970969", "https://openalex.org/W4211040736", "https://openalex.org/W4211070538", "https://openalex.org/W4211108898", "https://openalex.org/W4211133756", "https://openalex.org/W4211178353", "https://openalex.org/W4211183611", "https://openalex.org/W4212767631", "https://openalex.org/W4212825768", "https://openalex.org/W4213055289", "https://openalex.org/W4213078292", "https://openalex.org/W4213161013", "https://openalex.org/W4213161128", "https://openalex.org/W4213270785", "https://openalex.org/W4213328565", "https://openalex.org/W4213360791", "https://openalex.org/W4213419022", "https://openalex.org/W4213420944", "https://openalex.org/W4213449258", "https://openalex.org/W4214594900", "https://openalex.org/W4214714756", "https://openalex.org/W4214890820", "https://openalex.org/W4214897462", "https://openalex.org/W4220691225", "https://openalex.org/W4220705214", "https://openalex.org/W4220720077", "https://openalex.org/W4220724854", "https://openalex.org/W4220738350", "https://openalex.org/W4220748255", "https://openalex.org/W4220751861", "https://openalex.org/W4220768308", "https://openalex.org/W4220780926", "https://openalex.org/W4220781755", "https://openalex.org/W4220782641", "https://openalex.org/W4220813964", "https://openalex.org/W4220814704", "https://openalex.org/W4220843382", "https://openalex.org/W4220904030", "https://openalex.org/W4220908478", "https://openalex.org/W4220933109", "https://openalex.org/W4220949377", "https://openalex.org/W4221009261", "https://openalex.org/W4221009498", "https://openalex.org/W4221009823", "https://openalex.org/W4221053692", "https://openalex.org/W4221067154", "https://openalex.org/W4221130265", "https://openalex.org/W4223501737", "https://openalex.org/W4223512261", "https://openalex.org/W4223591503", "https://openalex.org/W4223901947", "https://openalex.org/W4223903097", "https://openalex.org/W4223912570", "https://openalex.org/W4223921983", "https://openalex.org/W4223926890", "https://openalex.org/W4223963171", "https://openalex.org/W4223967672", "https://openalex.org/W4223976365", "https://openalex.org/W4224015761", "https://openalex.org/W4224119445", "https://openalex.org/W4224229286", "https://openalex.org/W4224237284", "https://openalex.org/W4224237962", "https://openalex.org/W4224241053", "https://openalex.org/W4224296811", "https://openalex.org/W4224921487", "https://openalex.org/W4224981638", "https://openalex.org/W4224983989", "https://openalex.org/W4225014257", "https://openalex.org/W4225160259", "https://openalex.org/W4225358233", "https://openalex.org/W4225524921", "https://openalex.org/W4225525464", "https://openalex.org/W4225604173", "https://openalex.org/W4225622421", "https://openalex.org/W4225828207", "https://openalex.org/W4225853069", "https://openalex.org/W4226085163", "https://openalex.org/W4226335606", "https://openalex.org/W4226357524", "https://openalex.org/W4226424894", "https://openalex.org/W4229000069", "https://openalex.org/W4229057588", "https://openalex.org/W4229456303", "https://openalex.org/W4231227832", "https://openalex.org/W4233826252", "https://openalex.org/W4246020459", "https://openalex.org/W4246214691", "https://openalex.org/W4247234299", "https://openalex.org/W4249062547", "https://openalex.org/W4251141134", "https://openalex.org/W4251857280", "https://openalex.org/W4280500606", "https://openalex.org/W4280514966", "https://openalex.org/W4280517544", "https://openalex.org/W4280530572", "https://openalex.org/W4280552546", "https://openalex.org/W4280558152", "https://openalex.org/W4280559041", "https://openalex.org/W4280578448", "https://openalex.org/W4280620526", "https://openalex.org/W4280629605", "https://openalex.org/W4281261047", "https://openalex.org/W4281261877", "https://openalex.org/W4281383705", "https://openalex.org/W4281390012", "https://openalex.org/W4281553981", "https://openalex.org/W4281558987", "https://openalex.org/W4281609820", "https://openalex.org/W4281635836", "https://openalex.org/W4281664876", "https://openalex.org/W4281698927", "https://openalex.org/W4281712209", "https://openalex.org/W4281741236", "https://openalex.org/W4281845262", "https://openalex.org/W4281886987", "https://openalex.org/W4281889510", "https://openalex.org/W4281900509", "https://openalex.org/W4281901178", "https://openalex.org/W4281982386", "https://openalex.org/W4282588046", "https://openalex.org/W4282916920", "https://openalex.org/W4282928366", "https://openalex.org/W4282936986", "https://openalex.org/W4282937055", "https://openalex.org/W4282968836", "https://openalex.org/W4282971230", "https://openalex.org/W4282976506", "https://openalex.org/W4283161827", "https://openalex.org/W4283167194", "https://openalex.org/W4283261272", "https://openalex.org/W4283264610", "https://openalex.org/W4283265480", "https://openalex.org/W4283267353", "https://openalex.org/W4283317726", "https://openalex.org/W4283364874", "https://openalex.org/W4283580979", "https://openalex.org/W4283583465", "https://openalex.org/W4283640675", "https://openalex.org/W4283690933", "https://openalex.org/W4283696114", "https://openalex.org/W4284677594", "https://openalex.org/W4284688932", "https://openalex.org/W4284882893", "https://openalex.org/W4284888278", "https://openalex.org/W4285010053", "https://openalex.org/W4285033075", "https://openalex.org/W4285036697", "https://openalex.org/W4285042387", "https://openalex.org/W4285042855", "https://openalex.org/W4285093147", "https://openalex.org/W4285189591", "https://openalex.org/W4285393871", "https://openalex.org/W4285401867", "https://openalex.org/W4285596291", "https://openalex.org/W4285797301", "https://openalex.org/W4285797592", "https://openalex.org/W4286111270", "https://openalex.org/W4286210600", "https://openalex.org/W4286245996", "https://openalex.org/W4286255052", "https://openalex.org/W4286560842", "https://openalex.org/W4286823251", "https://openalex.org/W4286834407", "https://openalex.org/W4287448773", "https://openalex.org/W4288050845", "https://openalex.org/W4288051162", "https://openalex.org/W4288080734", "https://openalex.org/W4288084723", "https://openalex.org/W4288096034", "https://openalex.org/W4288424909", "https://openalex.org/W4288425298", "https://openalex.org/W4288437883", "https://openalex.org/W4289260994", "https://openalex.org/W4289519996", "https://openalex.org/W4289550191", "https://openalex.org/W4289780622", "https://openalex.org/W4289846545", "https://openalex.org/W4290672784", "https://openalex.org/W4290673254", "https://openalex.org/W4291624534", "https://openalex.org/W4292081200", "https://openalex.org/W4292230157", "https://openalex.org/W4292329595", "https://openalex.org/W4292487303", "https://openalex.org/W4292639903", "https://openalex.org/W4293004994", "https://openalex.org/W4293056493", "https://openalex.org/W4293063089", "https://openalex.org/W4293079886", "https://openalex.org/W4293182219", "https://openalex.org/W4293572175", "https://openalex.org/W4294011860", "https://openalex.org/W4294032317", "https://openalex.org/W4294072977", "https://openalex.org/W4294564719", "https://openalex.org/W4294612541", "https://openalex.org/W4294740815", "https://openalex.org/W4294904295", "https://openalex.org/W4294958661", "https://openalex.org/W4295762998", "https://openalex.org/W4296423228", "https://openalex.org/W4296552404", "https://openalex.org/W4296635132", "https://openalex.org/W4299879670", "https://openalex.org/W4300861952", "https://openalex.org/W4302011984", "https://openalex.org/W4302305040", "https://openalex.org/W4302362388", "https://openalex.org/W4303444916", "https://openalex.org/W4304128546", "https://openalex.org/W4304692545", "https://openalex.org/W4304974945", "https://openalex.org/W4305040304", "https://openalex.org/W4306145952", "https://openalex.org/W4306691758", "https://openalex.org/W4306888820", "https://openalex.org/W4306969177", "https://openalex.org/W4307322515", "https://openalex.org/W4307931493", "https://openalex.org/W4308432396", "https://openalex.org/W4308496860", "https://openalex.org/W4308620800", "https://openalex.org/W4308699122", "https://openalex.org/W4308770207", "https://openalex.org/W4308771390", "https://openalex.org/W4308882992", "https://openalex.org/W4309083869", "https://openalex.org/W4309408875", "https://openalex.org/W4309769686", "https://openalex.org/W4310058384", "https://openalex.org/W4310701659", "https://openalex.org/W4310706086", "https://openalex.org/W4311109666", "https://openalex.org/W4311559145", "https://openalex.org/W4311587438", "https://openalex.org/W4313068092", "https://openalex.org/W4313203992", "https://openalex.org/W4313434947", "https://openalex.org/W4318049711", "https://openalex.org/W6821451257"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4386136016", "https://openalex.org/W4207047620", "https://openalex.org/W2590904087", "https://openalex.org/W2064673031", "https://openalex.org/W2221356301", "https://openalex.org/W4391185405", "https://openalex.org/W4234093800", "https://openalex.org/W3187081175", "https://openalex.org/W2976192453", "https://openalex.org/W2079312091"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Humans": [0], "rely": [1], "increasingly": [2], "on": [3, 101], "sensors": [4, 27, 53, 72], "to": [5, 10, 30, 59, 110, 151, 159], "address": [6], "grand": [7], "challenges": [8, 80], "and": [9, 20, 58, 73, 89, 103, 112, 125, 133, 158, 177], "improve": [11], "quality": [12], "of": [13, 18, 34, 51, 70, 116, 182], "life": [14], "in": [15, 41, 81, 93], "the": [16, 32, 45, 48, 68, 117, 180], "era": [17], "digitalization": [19], "big": [21], "data.": [22], "For": [23], "ubiquitous": [24], "sensing,": [25], "flexible": [26, 52, 71, 142], "are": [28, 119], "developed": [29], "overcome": [31], "limitations": [33], "conventional": [35], "rigid": [36], "counterparts.": [37], "Despite": [38], "rapid": [39], "advancement": [40], "bench-side": [42], "research": [43, 153], "over": [44], "last": [46], "decade,": [47], "market": [49], "adoption": [50], "remains": [54], "limited.": [55], "To": [56], "ease": [57], "expedite": [60], "their": [61], "deployment,": [62], "here,": [63], "we": [64, 137, 149], "identify": [65], "bottlenecks": [66], "hindering": [67], "maturation": [69], "propose": [74], "promising": [75], "solutions.": [76], "We": [77], "first": [78], "analyze": [79], "achieving": [82], "satisfactory": [83], "sensing": [84], "performance": [85], "for": [86, 113, 179], "real-world": [87], "applications": [88], "then": [90], "summarize": [91], "issues": [92, 128], "compatible": [94], "sensor-biology": [95], "interfaces,": [96], "followed": [97], "by": [98], "brief": [99], "discussions": [100], "powering": [102], "connecting": [104], "sensor": [105], "networks.": [106], "Issues": [107], "en": [108], "route": [109], "commercialization": [111], "sustainable": [114], "growth": [115], "sector": [118], "also": [120], "analyzed,": [121], "highlighting": [122], "environmental": [123], "concerns": [124], "emphasizing": [126], "nontechnical": [127], "such": [129, 168], "as": [130], "business,": [131], "regulatory,": [132], "ethical": [134], "considerations.": [135], "Additionally,": [136], "look": [138], "at": [139], "future": [140], "intelligent": [141], "sensors.": [143], "In": [144], "proposing": [145], "a": [146], "comprehensive": [147], "roadmap,": [148], "hope": [150], "steer": [152], "efforts": [154], "towards": [155], "common": [156], "goals": [157], "guide": [160], "coordinated": [161], "development": [162], "strategies": [163], "from": [164], "disparate": [165], "communities.": [166], "Through": [167], "collaborative": [169], "efforts,": [170], "scientific": [171], "breakthroughs": [172], "can": [173], "be": [174], "made": [175], "sooner": [176], "capitalized": [178], "betterment": [181], "humanity.": [183]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 170}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 468}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 413}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 162}], "updated_date": "2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3169707058", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03453-y", "title": "The rise of intelligent matter", "display_name": "The rise of intelligent matter", "relevance_score": 44.07533, "publication_year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-06-16", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3169707058", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03453-y", "mag": "3169707058", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34135518"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03453-y", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03453-y", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03453-y.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "display_name": "Nature", "issn_l": "0028-0836", "issn": ["0028-0836", "1476-4687"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03453-y.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020497738", "display_name": "Corinna Kaspar", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1788-6966"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I22465464", "display_name": "University of M\u00fcnster", "ror": "https://ror.org/00pd74e08", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "C. Kaspar", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Physics, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1788-6966", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Physics, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5087994518", "display_name": "Bart Jan Ravoo", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2202-7485"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I22465464", "display_name": "University of M\u00fcnster", "ror": "https://ror.org/00pd74e08", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "B. J. Ravoo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany", "Organic Chemistry Institute, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2202-7485", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Organic Chemistry Institute, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031220825", "display_name": "Wilfred G. van der Wiel", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-8853"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I22465464", "display_name": "University of M\u00fcnster", "ror": "https://ror.org/00pd74e08", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I94624287", "display_name": "University of Twente", "ror": "https://ror.org/006hf6230", "country_code": "NL", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}], "countries": ["DE", "NL"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "W. G. van der Wiel", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Physics, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany", "NanoElectronics Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and BRAINS Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-8853", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Physics, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "NanoElectronics Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and BRAINS Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5064508388", "display_name": "Seraphine V. Wegner", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9072-0858"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I22465464", "display_name": "University of M\u00fcnster", "ror": "https://ror.org/00pd74e08", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "S. V. Wegner", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9072-0858", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015151220", "display_name": "Wolfram H. P. Pernice", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4569-4213"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I22465464", "display_name": "University of M\u00fcnster", "ror": "https://ror.org/00pd74e08", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210103666", "display_name": "University Hospital M\u00fcnster", "ror": "https://ror.org/01856cw59", "country_code": "DE", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210103666"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "W. H. P. Pernice", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany. wolfram.pernice@uni-muenster.de", "Institute of Physics, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany. wolfram.pernice@uni-muenster.de", "Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4569-4213", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany. wolfram.pernice@uni-muenster.de", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Physics, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany. wolfram.pernice@uni-muenster.de", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464", "https://openalex.org/I4210103666"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5020497738"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"], "apc_list": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 34.3651, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 517, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99926542, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "594", "issue": "7863", "first_page": "345", "last_page": "355"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12611", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing", "score": 0.9986000061035156, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12236", "display_name": "Photoreceptor and optogenetics research", "score": 0.9908999800682068, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2804", "display_name": "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering", "display_name": "Neuromorphic engineering", "score": 0.9079476594924927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/reservoir-computing", "display_name": "Reservoir computing", "score": 0.7915518283843994}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.7378803491592407}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-computing", "display_name": "Cognitive computing", "score": 0.5965169072151184}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.5621278882026672}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/information-processing", "display_name": "Information processing", "score": 0.5321074724197388}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-computing", "display_name": "Natural computing", "score": 0.49190759658813477}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/process", "display_name": "Process (computing)", "score": 0.41813716292381287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction", "display_name": "Human\u2013computer interaction", "score": 0.40261873602867126}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition", "display_name": "Cognition", "score": 0.39569732546806335}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "score": 0.3774541914463043}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "score": 0.16142386198043823}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network", "display_name": "Recurrent neural network", "score": 0.09812548756599426}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C151927369", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312", "display_name": "Neuromorphic engineering", "level": 3, "score": 0.9079476594924927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C135796866", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315328", "display_name": "Reservoir computing", "level": 4, "score": 0.7915518283843994}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.7378803491592407}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C92298750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008161", "display_name": "Cognitive computing", "level": 3, "score": 0.5965169072151184}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.5621278882026672}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C87868495", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750843", "display_name": "Information processing", "level": 2, "score": 0.5321074724197388}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192979234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176890", "display_name": "Natural computing", "level": 2, "score": 0.49190759658813477}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C98045186", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663", "display_name": "Process (computing)", "level": 2, "score": 0.41813716292381287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107457646", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434", "display_name": "Human\u2013computer interaction", "level": 1, "score": 0.40261873602867126}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169900460", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417", "display_name": "Cognition", "level": 2, "score": 0.39569732546806335}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50644808", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.3774541914463043}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.16142386198043823}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147168706", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734", "display_name": "Recurrent neural network", "level": 3, "score": 0.09812548756599426}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D001185", "descriptor_name": "Artificial Intelligence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001185", "descriptor_name": "Artificial Intelligence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001185", "descriptor_name": "Artificial Intelligence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003102", "descriptor_name": "Colloids", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003102", "descriptor_name": "Colloids", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003102", "descriptor_name": "Colloids", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004777", "descriptor_name": "Environment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004777", "descriptor_name": "Environment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004777", "descriptor_name": "Environment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004798", "descriptor_name": "Enzymes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004798", "descriptor_name": "Enzymes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004798", "descriptor_name": "Enzymes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004867", "descriptor_name": "Equipment Design", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004867", "descriptor_name": "Equipment Design", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004867", "descriptor_name": "Equipment Design", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006706", "descriptor_name": "Homeostasis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006706", "descriptor_name": "Homeostasis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006706", "descriptor_name": "Homeostasis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010812", "descriptor_name": "Physical Stimulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010812", "descriptor_name": "Physical Stimulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010812", "descriptor_name": "Physical Stimulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012371", "descriptor_name": "Robotics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012371", "descriptor_name": "Robotics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012371", "descriptor_name": "Robotics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017768", "descriptor_name": "Skin, Artificial", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017768", "descriptor_name": "Skin, Artificial", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017768", "descriptor_name": "Skin, Artificial", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D032701", "descriptor_name": "Biomimetics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D032701", "descriptor_name": "Biomimetics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D032701", "descriptor_name": "Biomimetics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D040761", "descriptor_name": "Biomimetic Materials", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D040761", "descriptor_name": "Biomimetic Materials", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D040761", "descriptor_name": "Biomimetic Materials", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03453-y", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03453-y", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03453-y.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "display_name": "Nature", "issn_l": "0028-0836", "issn": ["0028-0836", "1476-4687"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:34135518", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34135518", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire/a8547bd5-a669-4cbe-b5b6-4ac8bb7b03cd", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/a8547bd5-a669-4cbe-b5b6-4ac8bb7b03cd", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4406922991", "display_name": "University of Twente Research Information", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Kaspar, C, Ravoo, B J, van der Wiel, W G, Wegner, S V & Pernice, W 2021, 'The rise of intelligent matter', Nature, vol. 594, pp. 345-355. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03453-y", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nature:v:594:y:2021:i:7863:d:10.1038_s41586-021-03453-y", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03453-y", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I77793887", "host_organization_name": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I77793887"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03453-y", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03453-y", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03453-y.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "display_name": "Nature", "issn_l": "0028-0836", "issn": ["0028-0836", "1476-4687"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.8999999761581421, "display_name": "Affordable and clean energy", "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G2182299400", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "SFB 1459", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320879", "funder_display_name": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G2904299976", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "101017237", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320300", "funder_display_name": "European Commission"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6121240160", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "A126874", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320882", "funder_display_name": "Volkswagen Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7842005466", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Horizon 2020", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320300", "funder_display_name": "European Commission"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8654037906", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "433682494", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320879", "funder_display_name": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320300", "display_name": "European Commission", "ror": "https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320879", "display_name": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft", "ror": "https://ror.org/018mejw64"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320882", "display_name": "Volkswagen Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/03bsmfz84"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3169707058.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3169707058.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 124, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1515749184", "https://openalex.org/W1534005518", "https://openalex.org/W1609149460", "https://openalex.org/W1826399803", "https://openalex.org/W1830084880", "https://openalex.org/W1919767399", "https://openalex.org/W1974551342", "https://openalex.org/W1977664984", "https://openalex.org/W1981276685", "https://openalex.org/W1999116645", "https://openalex.org/W2001435024", "https://openalex.org/W2002656537", "https://openalex.org/W2006688715", "https://openalex.org/W2017871657", "https://openalex.org/W2022248835", "https://openalex.org/W2025645854", "https://openalex.org/W2029939668", "https://openalex.org/W2029953460", "https://openalex.org/W2030775133", "https://openalex.org/W2032423464", "https://openalex.org/W2032741311", "https://openalex.org/W2046458632", "https://openalex.org/W2049383841", "https://openalex.org/W2049738301", "https://openalex.org/W2060093678", "https://openalex.org/W2063047541", "https://openalex.org/W2063695057", "https://openalex.org/W2065690384", "https://openalex.org/W2075608977", "https://openalex.org/W2076053094", "https://openalex.org/W2092044679", "https://openalex.org/W2096421416", "https://openalex.org/W2097228199", "https://openalex.org/W2101493843", "https://openalex.org/W2103179919", "https://openalex.org/W2114721754", "https://openalex.org/W2126679727", "https://openalex.org/W2128084896", "https://openalex.org/W2128586988", "https://openalex.org/W2129345728", "https://openalex.org/W2134342468", "https://openalex.org/W2137687977", "https://openalex.org/W2138789930", "https://openalex.org/W2138913040", "https://openalex.org/W2141724420", "https://openalex.org/W2147892435", "https://openalex.org/W2148252440", "https://openalex.org/W2155757660", "https://openalex.org/W2162400241", "https://openalex.org/W2163710329", "https://openalex.org/W2171865010", "https://openalex.org/W2199190906", "https://openalex.org/W2200176946", "https://openalex.org/W2222505152", "https://openalex.org/W2263385165", "https://openalex.org/W2268464208", "https://openalex.org/W2317647934", "https://openalex.org/W2336978545", "https://openalex.org/W2398071263", "https://openalex.org/W2477283215", "https://openalex.org/W2498106012", "https://openalex.org/W2505749228", "https://openalex.org/W2523358000", "https://openalex.org/W2528442472", "https://openalex.org/W2531276990", "https://openalex.org/W2552460226", "https://openalex.org/W2581826111", "https://openalex.org/W2587524409", "https://openalex.org/W2588454513", "https://openalex.org/W2726969371", "https://openalex.org/W2730816067", "https://openalex.org/W2735009728", "https://openalex.org/W2735082192", "https://openalex.org/W2739601332", "https://openalex.org/W2745025639", "https://openalex.org/W2755921665", "https://openalex.org/W2758404936", "https://openalex.org/W2766073839", "https://openalex.org/W2769049661", "https://openalex.org/W2769688117", "https://openalex.org/W2772397789", "https://openalex.org/W2773134645", "https://openalex.org/W2795018569", "https://openalex.org/W2797937734", "https://openalex.org/W2798701005", "https://openalex.org/W2805362231", "https://openalex.org/W2805371216", "https://openalex.org/W2815686776", "https://openalex.org/W2885724500", "https://openalex.org/W2886502897", "https://openalex.org/W2886974401", "https://openalex.org/W2887258823", "https://openalex.org/W2890917406", "https://openalex.org/W2897102694", "https://openalex.org/W2900860600", "https://openalex.org/W2905094505", "https://openalex.org/W2911001665", "https://openalex.org/W2923873769", "https://openalex.org/W2944119451", "https://openalex.org/W2945684349", "https://openalex.org/W2963865882", "https://openalex.org/W2963972476", "https://openalex.org/W2964757659", "https://openalex.org/W2969223441", "https://openalex.org/W2972106114", "https://openalex.org/W2979589704", "https://openalex.org/W2981170963", "https://openalex.org/W2989982684", "https://openalex.org/W2994163542", "https://openalex.org/W2999145262", "https://openalex.org/W3006488777", "https://openalex.org/W3007500699", "https://openalex.org/W3007873079", "https://openalex.org/W3009994855", "https://openalex.org/W3013080934", "https://openalex.org/W3037565473", "https://openalex.org/W3045384978", "https://openalex.org/W3092715087", "https://openalex.org/W4211124276", "https://openalex.org/W4249911376", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W6680405543", "https://openalex.org/W6750059080", "https://openalex.org/W6822483164"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4311297078", "https://openalex.org/W4288255232", "https://openalex.org/W2126679727", "https://openalex.org/W3004665557", "https://openalex.org/W4296467202", "https://openalex.org/W4309158984", "https://openalex.org/W2544592651", "https://openalex.org/W3180043054", "https://openalex.org/W2548549368", "https://openalex.org/W3169707058"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 41}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 138}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 118}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 113}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 78}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 29}], "updated_date": "2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2979675549", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203323", "title": "Smart Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine", "display_name": "Smart Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine", "relevance_score": 42.56022, "publication_year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-10-12", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2979675549", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203323", "mag": "2979675549", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31614735"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3390/ma12203323", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203323", "pdf_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/20/3323/pdf?version=1570861239", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S18714766", "display_name": "Materials", "issn_l": "1996-1944", "issn": ["1996-1944"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310310987", "host_organization_name": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/20/3323/pdf?version=1570861239", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058681395", "display_name": "Somasundar Mantha", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I5023651", "display_name": "McGill University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01pxwe438", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Somasundar Mantha", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5081997464", "display_name": "Sangeeth Pillai", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-984X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I5023651", "display_name": "McGill University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01pxwe438", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sangeeth Pillai", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-984X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5048746549", "display_name": "Parisa Khayambashi", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I5023651", "display_name": "McGill University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01pxwe438", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Parisa Khayambashi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5039565151", "display_name": "Akshaya Upadhyay", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8790-8502"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I5023651", "display_name": "McGill University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01pxwe438", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Akshaya Upadhyay", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8790-8502", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101851956", "display_name": "Yuli Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9060-9933"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I5023651", "display_name": "McGill University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01pxwe438", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yuli Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5067888480", "display_name": "Owen Tao", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I5023651", "display_name": "McGill University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01pxwe438", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Owen Tao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023226555", "display_name": "Hieu M. Pham", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6854-0148"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I5023651", "display_name": "McGill University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01pxwe438", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hieu M. Pham", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5072523216", "display_name": "Simon D. Tran", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5594-359X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I5023651", "display_name": "McGill University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01pxwe438", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Simon D. Tran", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5594-359X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 8, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5072523216"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I5023651"], "apc_list": {"value": 2300, "currency": "CHF", "value_usd": 2490}, "apc_paid": {"value": 2300, "currency": "CHF", "value_usd": 2490}, "fwci": 30.2895, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 845, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.9993182, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 90, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "12", "issue": "20", "first_page": "3323", "last_page": "3323"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11190", "display_name": "3D Printing in Biomedical Research", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11190", "display_name": "3D Printing in Biomedical Research", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10343", "display_name": "Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications", "score": 0.9994000196456909, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1313", "display_name": "Molecular Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10729", "display_name": "Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications", "score": 0.9983999729156494, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2502", "display_name": "Biomaterials"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/self-healing-hydrogels", "display_name": "Self-healing hydrogels", "score": 0.9278550148010254}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regenerative-medicine", "display_name": "Regenerative medicine", "score": 0.8785163164138794}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-engineering", "display_name": "Tissue engineering", "score": 0.8287842273712158}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regeneration", "display_name": "Regeneration (biology)", "score": 0.6702203154563904}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-matrix", "display_name": "Extracellular matrix", "score": 0.6036117076873779}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.5439637899398804}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering", "display_name": "Biomedical engineering", "score": 0.46674686670303345}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.4494546949863434}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-cell", "display_name": "Stem cell", "score": 0.22477519512176514}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.22192752361297607}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-biology", "display_name": "Cell biology", "score": 0.18038102984428406}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.1509278118610382}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C108586683", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164826", "display_name": "Self-healing hydrogels", "level": 2, "score": 0.9278550148010254}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C10854531", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061415", "display_name": "Regenerative medicine", "level": 3, "score": 0.8785163164138794}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49892992", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540285", "display_name": "Tissue engineering", "level": 2, "score": 0.8287842273712158}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171056886", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193119", "display_name": "Regeneration (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6702203154563904}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C189165786", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193825", "display_name": "Extracellular matrix", "level": 2, "score": 0.6036117076873779}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5439637899398804}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136229726", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092", "display_name": "Biomedical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.46674686670303345}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4494546949863434}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C28328180", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48196", "display_name": "Stem cell", "level": 2, "score": 0.22477519512176514}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.22192752361297607}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95444343", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141", "display_name": "Cell biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.18038102984428406}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.1509278118610382}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188027245", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446", "display_name": "Polymer chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.3390/ma12203323", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203323", "pdf_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/20/3323/pdf?version=1570861239", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S18714766", "display_name": "Materials", "issn_l": "1996-1944", "issn": ["1996-1944"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310310987", "host_organization_name": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:31614735", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31614735", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Materials (Basel, Switzerland)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4bd666a92a29469ea1278e82679da703", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/4bd666a92a29469ea1278e82679da703", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Materials, Vol 12, Iss 20, p 3323 (2019)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1996-1944/12/20/3323/", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203323", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400947", "display_name": "MDPI (MDPI AG)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4210097602", "host_organization_name": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Materials", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6829293", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6829293", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Materials (Basel)", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.3390/ma12203323", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203323", "pdf_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/20/3323/pdf?version=1570861239", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S18714766", "display_name": "Materials", "issn_l": "1996-1944", "issn": ["1996-1944"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310310987", "host_organization_name": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.5799999833106995, "display_name": "Clean water and sanitation", "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2979675549.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2979675549.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 166, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W88536064", "https://openalex.org/W161344952", "https://openalex.org/W175730447", "https://openalex.org/W208525513", "https://openalex.org/W639563462", "https://openalex.org/W1494300026", "https://openalex.org/W1548610964", "https://openalex.org/W1673689713", "https://openalex.org/W1814006636", "https://openalex.org/W1889128648", "https://openalex.org/W1902652719", "https://openalex.org/W1966090583", "https://openalex.org/W1968918493", "https://openalex.org/W1971618454", "https://openalex.org/W1974008634", "https://openalex.org/W1978474838", "https://openalex.org/W1980334226", "https://openalex.org/W1983706639", "https://openalex.org/W1988019117", "https://openalex.org/W1988741595", "https://openalex.org/W1989298707", "https://openalex.org/W1991221583", "https://openalex.org/W1991606527", "https://openalex.org/W1997119204", "https://openalex.org/W1997978522", "https://openalex.org/W1999018816", "https://openalex.org/W2000935683", "https://openalex.org/W2003246922", "https://openalex.org/W2014068204", "https://openalex.org/W2021019932", "https://openalex.org/W2022938456", "https://openalex.org/W2024306244", "https://openalex.org/W2025844500", "https://openalex.org/W2026780757", "https://openalex.org/W2026977595", "https://openalex.org/W2029061676", "https://openalex.org/W2029255146", "https://openalex.org/W2030557341", "https://openalex.org/W2031096930", "https://openalex.org/W2031462648", "https://openalex.org/W2032461413", "https://openalex.org/W2033955228", "https://openalex.org/W2041780028", "https://openalex.org/W2042218516", "https://openalex.org/W2042992678", "https://openalex.org/W2047961352", "https://openalex.org/W2049444377", "https://openalex.org/W2051583571", "https://openalex.org/W2051920559", "https://openalex.org/W2055037957", "https://openalex.org/W2058450446", "https://openalex.org/W2060239018", "https://openalex.org/W2061073729", "https://openalex.org/W2069908372", "https://openalex.org/W2073089708", "https://openalex.org/W2077002347", "https://openalex.org/W2077648791", "https://openalex.org/W2082602763", "https://openalex.org/W2084515183", "https://openalex.org/W2084610464", "https://openalex.org/W2085103363", "https://openalex.org/W2089344482", "https://openalex.org/W2089773350", "https://openalex.org/W2109464227", "https://openalex.org/W2112404993", "https://openalex.org/W2113398396", "https://openalex.org/W2118866416", "https://openalex.org/W2125364971", "https://openalex.org/W2126956733", "https://openalex.org/W2135607345", "https://openalex.org/W2137346096", "https://openalex.org/W2137788739", "https://openalex.org/W2139025050", "https://openalex.org/W2144081123", "https://openalex.org/W2144971839", "https://openalex.org/W2147712516", "https://openalex.org/W2149029601", "https://openalex.org/W2152013004", "https://openalex.org/W2153173722", "https://openalex.org/W2153320120", "https://openalex.org/W2154272596", "https://openalex.org/W2157220384", "https://openalex.org/W2158943366", "https://openalex.org/W2162294498", "https://openalex.org/W2164536751", "https://openalex.org/W2165694975", "https://openalex.org/W2168245102", "https://openalex.org/W2170280588", "https://openalex.org/W2171311487", "https://openalex.org/W2171553018", "https://openalex.org/W2176504862", "https://openalex.org/W2184059503", "https://openalex.org/W2208351504", "https://openalex.org/W2213205057", "https://openalex.org/W2223271283", "https://openalex.org/W2258787251", "https://openalex.org/W2278568714", "https://openalex.org/W2281730706", "https://openalex.org/W2290208967", "https://openalex.org/W2316031239", "https://openalex.org/W2317277893", "https://openalex.org/W2317607677", "https://openalex.org/W2346541234", "https://openalex.org/W2484575058", "https://openalex.org/W2493581639", "https://openalex.org/W2503228908", "https://openalex.org/W2508681071", "https://openalex.org/W2511878937", "https://openalex.org/W2533134431", "https://openalex.org/W2539107597", "https://openalex.org/W2556003776", "https://openalex.org/W2560663806", "https://openalex.org/W2565771368", "https://openalex.org/W2571361314", "https://openalex.org/W2581108109", "https://openalex.org/W2583026089", "https://openalex.org/W2586995817", "https://openalex.org/W2589988169", "https://openalex.org/W2606251873", "https://openalex.org/W2610784388", "https://openalex.org/W2613542188", "https://openalex.org/W2620435339", "https://openalex.org/W2622357666", "https://openalex.org/W2726727523", "https://openalex.org/W2729309989", "https://openalex.org/W2736785778", "https://openalex.org/W2762752232", "https://openalex.org/W2765757776", "https://openalex.org/W2767086944", "https://openalex.org/W2774129686", "https://openalex.org/W2774700626", "https://openalex.org/W2774855676", "https://openalex.org/W2781881109", "https://openalex.org/W2793339714", "https://openalex.org/W2794739249", "https://openalex.org/W2797705634", "https://openalex.org/W2800228637", "https://openalex.org/W2804602311", "https://openalex.org/W2810770042", "https://openalex.org/W2883793236", "https://openalex.org/W2889615210", "https://openalex.org/W2895247957", "https://openalex.org/W2896029297", "https://openalex.org/W2896152849", "https://openalex.org/W2896402971", "https://openalex.org/W2900985931", "https://openalex.org/W2904373562", "https://openalex.org/W2905604137", "https://openalex.org/W2906020898", "https://openalex.org/W2921889657", "https://openalex.org/W2922439236", "https://openalex.org/W2923422505", "https://openalex.org/W2924689355", "https://openalex.org/W2939489039", "https://openalex.org/W2952264427", "https://openalex.org/W2963683233", "https://openalex.org/W4211088965", "https://openalex.org/W4211261407", "https://openalex.org/W4233734140", "https://openalex.org/W4242428555", "https://openalex.org/W4246439909", "https://openalex.org/W4250492799", "https://openalex.org/W6606549794", "https://openalex.org/W6607091769", "https://openalex.org/W6731900642", "https://openalex.org/W7073767498"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2809376314", "https://openalex.org/W1966288407", "https://openalex.org/W1458672946", "https://openalex.org/W3215530055", "https://openalex.org/W2287501499", "https://openalex.org/W2435286860", "https://openalex.org/W2467205692", "https://openalex.org/W3014163099", "https://openalex.org/W3112371506", "https://openalex.org/W2545305293"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 26, 127], "field": [1], "of": [2, 28, 38, 52, 74, 87, 131, 170, 182], "regenerative": [3], "medicine": [4, 53], "has": [5, 13], "tremendous": [6], "potential": [7], "for": [8, 113, 138, 157], "improved": [9], "treatment": [10], "outcomes": [11], "and": [12, 31, 41, 45, 54, 63, 120, 141, 160, 175, 179], "been": [14, 83, 151], "stimulated": [15], "by": [16], "advances": [17], "made": [18], "in": [19, 70, 116, 185], "bioengineering": [20], "over": [21, 94], "the": [22, 49, 72, 88, 95, 114, 117, 123, 145, 171], "last": [23], "few": [24], "decades.": [25], "strategies": [27], "engineering": [29, 92], "tissues": [30, 44, 76], "assembling": [32], "functional": [33], "constructs": [34], "that": [35], "are": [36], "capable": [37], "restoring,": [39], "retaining,": [40], "revitalizing": [42], "lost": [43], "organs": [46], "have": [47, 82, 150], "impacted": [48], "whole": [50], "spectrum": [51], "health": [55], "care.": [56], "Techniques": [57], "to": [58, 100, 103, 109, 121], "combine": [59], "biomimetic": [60], "materials,": [61], "cells,": [62], "bioactive": [64], "molecules": [65], "play": [66], "a": [67, 105, 154, 167], "decisive": [68], "role": [69], "promoting": [71], "regeneration": [73], "damaged": [75], "or": [77], "as": [78, 85, 153], "therapeutic": [79], "systems.": [80], "Hydrogels": [81], "used": [84], "one": [86], "most": [89], "common": [90], "tissue": [91, 186], "scaffolds": [93], "past": [96], "two": [97], "decades": [98], "due": [99], "their": [101], "ability": [102], "maintain": [104], "distinct": [106], "3D": [107], "structure,": [108, 173], "provide": [110, 134], "mechanical": [111], "support": [112], "cells": [115], "engineered": [118], "tissues,": [119], "simulate": [122], "native": [124, 146], "extracellular": [125], "matrix.": [126], "high": [128], "water": [129], "content": [130], "hydrogels": [132, 184], "can": [133], "an": [135], "ideal": [136], "environment": [137], "cell": [139, 158], "survival,": [140], "structure": [142], "which": [143], "mimics": [144], "tissues.": [147], "Hydrogel": [148], "systems": [149], "serving": [152], "supportive": [155], "matrix": [156], "immobilization": [159], "growth": [161], "factor": [162], "delivery.": [163], "This": [164], "review": [165], "outlines": [166], "brief": [168], "description": [169], "properties,": [172], "synthesis": [174], "fabrication": [176], "methods,": [177], "applications,": [178], "future": [180], "perspectives": [181], "smart": [183], "engineering.": [187]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 39}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 146}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 193}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 163}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 151}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 109}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 43}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1}], "updated_date": "2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4200064246", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00830-x", "title": "Current hydrogel advances in physicochemical and biological response-driven biomedical application diversity", "display_name": "Current hydrogel advances in physicochemical and biological response-driven biomedical application diversity", "relevance_score": 41.479713, "publication_year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-12-16", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4200064246", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00830-x", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34916490"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00830-x", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00830-x", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-021-00830-x.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2739142469", "display_name": "Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy", "issn_l": "2059-3635", "issn": ["2059-3635", "2095-9907"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319965", "host_organization_name": "Springer Nature", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-021-00830-x.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079132263", "display_name": "Hu\u1ea5n Cao", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I116953780", "display_name": "Tongji University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03rc6as71", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I172675005", "display_name": "Nanyang Technological University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e7b5302", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I24185976", "display_name": "Sichuan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/011ashp19", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210132741", "display_name": "Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03vjkf643", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210132741"]}], "countries": ["CN", "SG"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Huan Cao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China", "Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, P. R. China", "School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210132741", "https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, P. R. China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055192122", "display_name": "Lixia Duan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1239-5313"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I116953780", "display_name": "Tongji University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03rc6as71", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210132741", "display_name": "Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03vjkf643", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210132741"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lixia Duan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210132741", "https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100456395", "display_name": "Yan Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-7807"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I116953780", "display_name": "Tongji University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03rc6as71", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210132741", "display_name": "Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03vjkf643", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210132741"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yan Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210132741", "https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5074519834", "display_name": "Jun Cao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5591-2299"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I24185976", "display_name": "Sichuan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/011ashp19", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jun Cao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, P. R. China. caojun@scu.edu.cn", "Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, P. R. China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, P. R. China. caojun@scu.edu.cn", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, and National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, P. R. China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100342355", "display_name": "Kun Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6971-1164"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I116953780", "display_name": "Tongji University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03rc6as71", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210132741", "display_name": "Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03vjkf643", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210132741"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kun Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. zhang1986kun@126.com", "Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6971-1164", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. zhang1986kun@126.com", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210132741"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Medical Ultrasound and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, 200072, Shanghai, People's Republic of China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210132741", "https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5079132263"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I116953780", "https://openalex.org/I172675005", "https://openalex.org/I24185976", "https://openalex.org/I4210132741"], "apc_list": {"value": 1935, "currency": "GBP", "value_usd": 2373}, "apc_paid": {"value": 1935, "currency": "GBP", "value_usd": 2373}, "fwci": 45.5785, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 1110, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99983062, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "6", "issue": "1", "first_page": "426", "last_page": "426"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11190", "display_name": "3D Printing in Biomedical Research", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11190", "display_name": "3D Printing in Biomedical Research", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10343", "display_name": "Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1313", "display_name": "Molecular Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10729", "display_name": "Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications", "score": 0.9973000288009644, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2502", "display_name": "Biomaterials"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/current", "display_name": "Current (fluid)", "score": 0.44139859080314636}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.3770676851272583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.32672905921936035}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.25615453720092773}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.12498480081558228}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C148043351", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944", "display_name": "Current (fluid)", "level": 2, "score": 0.44139859080314636}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3770676851272583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.32672905921936035}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.25615453720092773}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.12498480081558228}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119599485", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035", "display_name": "Electrical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D004337", "descriptor_name": "Drug Carriers", "qualifier_ui": "Q000627", "qualifier_name": "therapeutic use", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004337", "descriptor_name": "Drug Carriers", "qualifier_ui": "Q000627", "qualifier_name": "therapeutic use", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004337", "descriptor_name": "Drug Carriers", "qualifier_ui": "Q000627", "qualifier_name": "therapeutic use", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004337", "descriptor_name": "Drug Carriers", "qualifier_ui": "Q000627", "qualifier_name": "therapeutic use", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004337", "descriptor_name": "Drug Carriers", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004337", "descriptor_name": "Drug Carriers", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004337", "descriptor_name": "Drug Carriers", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004337", "descriptor_name": "Drug Carriers", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020100", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogels", "qualifier_ui": "Q000627", "qualifier_name": "therapeutic use", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020100", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogels", "qualifier_ui": "Q000627", "qualifier_name": "therapeutic use", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020100", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogels", "qualifier_ui": "Q000627", "qualifier_name": "therapeutic use", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020100", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogels", "qualifier_ui": "Q000627", "qualifier_name": "therapeutic use", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020100", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogels", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020100", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogels", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020100", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogels", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020100", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogels", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00830-x", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00830-x", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-021-00830-x.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2739142469", "display_name": "Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy", "issn_l": "2059-3635", "issn": ["2059-3635", "2095-9907"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319965", "host_organization_name": "Springer Nature", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:34916490", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34916490", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Signal transduction and targeted therapy", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5f84f8fdf0934f1ba0aa4b913a628469", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/5f84f8fdf0934f1ba0aa4b913a628469", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-31 (2021)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8674418", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8674418", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00830-x", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00830-x", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-021-00830-x.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2739142469", "display_name": "Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy", "issn_l": "2059-3635", "issn": ["2059-3635", "2095-9907"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319965", "host_organization_name": "Springer Nature", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.4099999964237213, "display_name": "Partnerships for the goals", "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G1094207160", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "19QA1406800", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320327803", "funder_display_name": "Shanghai Rising-Star Program"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1347097983", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2019040", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3934673225", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2018YQ31", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320324283", "funder_display_name": "Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4847757183", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2018YQ31", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320317789", "funder_display_name": "Shanghai Municipal Health Commission"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6994614875", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2019040", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335777", "funder_display_name": "National Key Research and Development Program of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7269679208", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "19QA1406800", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335777", "funder_display_name": "National Key Research and Development Program of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7448985263", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "82022033", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7499859248", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "81771836", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8021238119", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2018YFC1106103", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335777", "funder_display_name": "National Key Research and Development Program of China"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320317789", "display_name": "Shanghai Municipal Health Commission", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320324283", "display_name": "Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau", "ror": "https://ror.org/03at7w331"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320327803", "display_name": "Shanghai Rising-Star Program", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335777", "display_name": "National Key Research and Development Program of China", "ror": null}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200064246.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200064246.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 420, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W221386278", "https://openalex.org/W641954586", "https://openalex.org/W1124643713", "https://openalex.org/W1162470753", "https://openalex.org/W1426710699", "https://openalex.org/W1539945441", "https://openalex.org/W1566703732", "https://openalex.org/W1818943734", "https://openalex.org/W1887589455", "https://openalex.org/W1916854011", "https://openalex.org/W1939469511", "https://openalex.org/W1952100030", "https://openalex.org/W1964681850", "https://openalex.org/W1966691544", "https://openalex.org/W1968269253", "https://openalex.org/W1969015369", "https://openalex.org/W1969568402", "https://openalex.org/W1969599616", "https://openalex.org/W1971500643", "https://openalex.org/W1972081065", "https://openalex.org/W1972158838", "https://openalex.org/W1973997155", "https://openalex.org/W1974600311", "https://openalex.org/W1974730295", "https://openalex.org/W1975019120", "https://openalex.org/W1975401165", "https://openalex.org/W1976842528", "https://openalex.org/W1977942890", "https://openalex.org/W1980324695", "https://openalex.org/W1981266770", "https://openalex.org/W1981677139", "https://openalex.org/W1982447134", "https://openalex.org/W1989695840", "https://openalex.org/W1991808150", "https://openalex.org/W1993966058", "https://openalex.org/W1994423139", "https://openalex.org/W1994952188", "https://openalex.org/W1995030669", "https://openalex.org/W1999133016", "https://openalex.org/W2000880710", "https://openalex.org/W2003216601", "https://openalex.org/W2005235577", "https://openalex.org/W2005334224", "https://openalex.org/W2006595175", "https://openalex.org/W2010623552", "https://openalex.org/W2011126577", "https://openalex.org/W2012119502", "https://openalex.org/W2012938917", "https://openalex.org/W2015067611", "https://openalex.org/W2015503499", "https://openalex.org/W2016126437", "https://openalex.org/W2016375794", "https://openalex.org/W2018306178", "https://openalex.org/W2023859559", "https://openalex.org/W2029061676", "https://openalex.org/W2029326558", "https://openalex.org/W2029378715", "https://openalex.org/W2029855144", "https://openalex.org/W2030094330", "https://openalex.org/W2030233835", "https://openalex.org/W2030557341", "https://openalex.org/W2033627257", "https://openalex.org/W2034942332", "https://openalex.org/W2036145275", "https://openalex.org/W2037606355", "https://openalex.org/W2040670359", "https://openalex.org/W2041651184", "https://openalex.org/W2042057474", "https://openalex.org/W2042992678", "https://openalex.org/W2044512869", "https://openalex.org/W2048014435", "https://openalex.org/W2053040340", "https://openalex.org/W2053809735", "https://openalex.org/W2056351479", "https://openalex.org/W2056450190", "https://openalex.org/W2057538329", "https://openalex.org/W2057917964", "https://openalex.org/W2060627231", "https://openalex.org/W2062116473", "https://openalex.org/W2062218754", "https://openalex.org/W2062400133", "https://openalex.org/W2062573090", "https://openalex.org/W2063988435", "https://openalex.org/W2064237606", "https://openalex.org/W2065221593", "https://openalex.org/W2065389930", "https://openalex.org/W2067813258", "https://openalex.org/W2068427400", "https://openalex.org/W2069450151", "https://openalex.org/W2069977719", "https://openalex.org/W2071612886", "https://openalex.org/W2074630757", "https://openalex.org/W2074996103", "https://openalex.org/W2077428167", "https://openalex.org/W2078332350", "https://openalex.org/W2079576328", "https://openalex.org/W2080020959", "https://openalex.org/W2081022154", "https://openalex.org/W2081741743", "https://openalex.org/W2081803565", "https://openalex.org/W2082325781", "https://openalex.org/W2082659819", "https://openalex.org/W2085309528", "https://openalex.org/W2085515189", "https://openalex.org/W2085857412", "https://openalex.org/W2086612840", "https://openalex.org/W2088868630", "https://openalex.org/W2089485530", "https://openalex.org/W2089916581", "https://openalex.org/W2089990682", "https://openalex.org/W2090827542", "https://openalex.org/W2092421389", "https://openalex.org/W2092497369", "https://openalex.org/W2092577537", "https://openalex.org/W2093660394", "https://openalex.org/W2098918253", "https://openalex.org/W2101380987", "https://openalex.org/W2107642756", "https://openalex.org/W2110144974", "https://openalex.org/W2110947634", "https://openalex.org/W2112401372", "https://openalex.org/W2112841392", "https://openalex.org/W2113024234", "https://openalex.org/W2116351792", "https://openalex.org/W2125397014", "https://openalex.org/W2127053176", "https://openalex.org/W2127145280", "https://openalex.org/W2129949046", "https://openalex.org/W2130838656", "https://openalex.org/W2131489888", "https://openalex.org/W2131817737", "https://openalex.org/W2132035766", "https://openalex.org/W2132936019", "https://openalex.org/W2133028832", "https://openalex.org/W2134208433", "https://openalex.org/W2139615023", "https://openalex.org/W2140125749", "https://openalex.org/W2140542478", "https://openalex.org/W2141738357", "https://openalex.org/W2142042013", "https://openalex.org/W2143468862", "https://openalex.org/W2146337514", "https://openalex.org/W2146755613", "https://openalex.org/W2147924290", "https://openalex.org/W2148328620", "https://openalex.org/W2152054207", "https://openalex.org/W2152773911", "https://openalex.org/W2154025980", "https://openalex.org/W2154536586", "https://openalex.org/W2154604772", "https://openalex.org/W2156472431", "https://openalex.org/W2165291363", "https://openalex.org/W2167243609", "https://openalex.org/W2168072233", "https://openalex.org/W2168243900", "https://openalex.org/W2168545077", "https://openalex.org/W2169992315", "https://openalex.org/W2171283890", "https://openalex.org/W2183054839", "https://openalex.org/W2190176700", "https://openalex.org/W2191633664", "https://openalex.org/W2217037651", "https://openalex.org/W2221267861", "https://openalex.org/W2225592990", "https://openalex.org/W2230606086", "https://openalex.org/W2239208312", "https://openalex.org/W2260141621", "https://openalex.org/W2261310019", "https://openalex.org/W2267604970", "https://openalex.org/W2270498673", "https://openalex.org/W2280422486", "https://openalex.org/W2290648886", "https://openalex.org/W2294005449", "https://openalex.org/W2295187802", "https://openalex.org/W2296196708", "https://openalex.org/W2298349456", "https://openalex.org/W2305154056", "https://openalex.org/W2316426285", "https://openalex.org/W2320593878", "https://openalex.org/W2322375144", "https://openalex.org/W2322521081", "https://openalex.org/W2323309508", "https://openalex.org/W2324855605", "https://openalex.org/W2327958006", "https://openalex.org/W2335692117", "https://openalex.org/W2336782981", "https://openalex.org/W2336978545", "https://openalex.org/W2344920256", "https://openalex.org/W2346458254", "https://openalex.org/W2348656062", "https://openalex.org/W2401482619", "https://openalex.org/W2411612648", "https://openalex.org/W2416263050", "https://openalex.org/W2417135829", "https://openalex.org/W2418721353", "https://openalex.org/W2420403948", "https://openalex.org/W2510973356", "https://openalex.org/W2513094786", "https://openalex.org/W2514731382", "https://openalex.org/W2526266802", "https://openalex.org/W2530373995", "https://openalex.org/W2539107597", "https://openalex.org/W2539909336", "https://openalex.org/W2547645779", "https://openalex.org/W2549070824", "https://openalex.org/W2554650020", "https://openalex.org/W2557034876", "https://openalex.org/W2560174230", "https://openalex.org/W2577286195", "https://openalex.org/W2577758672", "https://openalex.org/W2584071924", "https://openalex.org/W2587326174", "https://openalex.org/W2591999454", "https://openalex.org/W2593739141", "https://openalex.org/W2594719311", "https://openalex.org/W2596730625", "https://openalex.org/W2608308037", "https://openalex.org/W2611285098", "https://openalex.org/W2613243236", "https://openalex.org/W2614669617", "https://openalex.org/W2734617308", "https://openalex.org/W2739391947", "https://openalex.org/W2739541068", "https://openalex.org/W2748662798", "https://openalex.org/W2750997001", "https://openalex.org/W2751340119", "https://openalex.org/W2752873907", "https://openalex.org/W2753857336", "https://openalex.org/W2755539654", "https://openalex.org/W2757408745", "https://openalex.org/W2762429861", "https://openalex.org/W2763095717", "https://openalex.org/W2765609903", "https://openalex.org/W2765939774", "https://openalex.org/W2766048879", "https://openalex.org/W2766728579", "https://openalex.org/W2767618823", "https://openalex.org/W2768256145", "https://openalex.org/W2770796566", "https://openalex.org/W2771305057", "https://openalex.org/W2771661752", "https://openalex.org/W2773408954", "https://openalex.org/W2775116549", "https://openalex.org/W2781977682", "https://openalex.org/W2782749788", "https://openalex.org/W2783878221", "https://openalex.org/W2784632870", "https://openalex.org/W2791017844", "https://openalex.org/W2791229556", "https://openalex.org/W2792360188", "https://openalex.org/W2793029785", "https://openalex.org/W2793759682", "https://openalex.org/W2794388557", "https://openalex.org/W2797929885", "https://openalex.org/W2802082717", "https://openalex.org/W2803409738", "https://openalex.org/W2805052976", "https://openalex.org/W2806562939", "https://openalex.org/W2808870773", "https://openalex.org/W2811025402", "https://openalex.org/W2811290140", "https://openalex.org/W2820932019", "https://openalex.org/W2887809182", "https://openalex.org/W2888209447", "https://openalex.org/W2891647598", "https://openalex.org/W2892020474", "https://openalex.org/W2895293517", "https://openalex.org/W2895321850", "https://openalex.org/W2895422828", "https://openalex.org/W2898585678", "https://openalex.org/W2901618471", "https://openalex.org/W2901798218", "https://openalex.org/W2902101577", "https://openalex.org/W2902414453", "https://openalex.org/W2903854289", "https://openalex.org/W2904501357", "https://openalex.org/W2905702550", "https://openalex.org/W2909394322", "https://openalex.org/W2911420162", "https://openalex.org/W2912446700", "https://openalex.org/W2914311347", "https://openalex.org/W2914394385", "https://openalex.org/W2914936371", "https://openalex.org/W2916717555", "https://openalex.org/W2918853872", "https://openalex.org/W2927585292", "https://openalex.org/W2929722587", "https://openalex.org/W2930360562", "https://openalex.org/W2932542918", "https://openalex.org/W2938801784", "https://openalex.org/W2942172826", "https://openalex.org/W2944112528", "https://openalex.org/W2945009035", "https://openalex.org/W2947948620", "https://openalex.org/W2951686210", "https://openalex.org/W2953678388", "https://openalex.org/W2954064367", "https://openalex.org/W2958369963", "https://openalex.org/W2963075010", "https://openalex.org/W2964719257", "https://openalex.org/W2966883708", "https://openalex.org/W2970083543", "https://openalex.org/W2970985089", "https://openalex.org/W2972231987", "https://openalex.org/W2972287266", "https://openalex.org/W2972319909", "https://openalex.org/W2973099177", "https://openalex.org/W2973590593", "https://openalex.org/W2974381971", "https://openalex.org/W2975902664", "https://openalex.org/W2977099277", "https://openalex.org/W2980250176", "https://openalex.org/W2980271827", "https://openalex.org/W2981197192", "https://openalex.org/W2981619990", "https://openalex.org/W2982568361", "https://openalex.org/W2982585803", "https://openalex.org/W2982654239", "https://openalex.org/W2983143476", "https://openalex.org/W2983460953", "https://openalex.org/W2990565271", "https://openalex.org/W2991434999", "https://openalex.org/W2995068087", "https://openalex.org/W2998126919", "https://openalex.org/W2998439440", "https://openalex.org/W2998795668", "https://openalex.org/W2999061546", "https://openalex.org/W2999827205", "https://openalex.org/W3000509016", "https://openalex.org/W3000548087", "https://openalex.org/W3005576772", "https://openalex.org/W3007025289", "https://openalex.org/W3010409416", "https://openalex.org/W3010423729", "https://openalex.org/W3010749666", "https://openalex.org/W3011767547", "https://openalex.org/W3011813593", "https://openalex.org/W3013059604", "https://openalex.org/W3014145034", "https://openalex.org/W3014664585", "https://openalex.org/W3014666004", "https://openalex.org/W3015824084", "https://openalex.org/W3021466718", "https://openalex.org/W3022929117", "https://openalex.org/W3024071290", "https://openalex.org/W3024970588", "https://openalex.org/W3025095915", "https://openalex.org/W3025949689", "https://openalex.org/W3028921940", "https://openalex.org/W3031857732", "https://openalex.org/W3033458160", "https://openalex.org/W3033755050", "https://openalex.org/W3034137502", "https://openalex.org/W3036212095", "https://openalex.org/W3036319245", "https://openalex.org/W3038560696", "https://openalex.org/W3042331411", "https://openalex.org/W3045925491", "https://openalex.org/W3046310934", "https://openalex.org/W3047744552", "https://openalex.org/W3048369596", "https://openalex.org/W3048800198", "https://openalex.org/W3049124952", "https://openalex.org/W3076678262", "https://openalex.org/W3080122460", "https://openalex.org/W3080362910", "https://openalex.org/W3081601252", "https://openalex.org/W3083699809", "https://openalex.org/W3084144173", "https://openalex.org/W3084155200", "https://openalex.org/W3084416777", "https://openalex.org/W3084429358", "https://openalex.org/W3086220523", "https://openalex.org/W3089189923", "https://openalex.org/W3089400224", "https://openalex.org/W3090570519", "https://openalex.org/W3090971852", "https://openalex.org/W3092735877", "https://openalex.org/W3093122780", "https://openalex.org/W3093204259", "https://openalex.org/W3093839679", "https://openalex.org/W3094054958", "https://openalex.org/W3094767163", "https://openalex.org/W3098521947", "https://openalex.org/W3101960347", "https://openalex.org/W3104716618", "https://openalex.org/W3109584735", "https://openalex.org/W3110597157", "https://openalex.org/W3120059743", "https://openalex.org/W3121514015", "https://openalex.org/W3121568033", "https://openalex.org/W3121977863", "https://openalex.org/W3122296567", "https://openalex.org/W3123287105", "https://openalex.org/W3124872632", "https://openalex.org/W3125105289", "https://openalex.org/W3126743042", "https://openalex.org/W3127021983", "https://openalex.org/W3128418566", "https://openalex.org/W3129596738", "https://openalex.org/W3131787143", "https://openalex.org/W3133794548", "https://openalex.org/W3133890957", "https://openalex.org/W3134968358", "https://openalex.org/W3136125550", "https://openalex.org/W3136248097", "https://openalex.org/W3136294944", "https://openalex.org/W3138900617", "https://openalex.org/W3143419205", "https://openalex.org/W3144547627", "https://openalex.org/W3155469955", "https://openalex.org/W3157425701", "https://openalex.org/W3160000883", "https://openalex.org/W3160444072", "https://openalex.org/W3163524768", "https://openalex.org/W3165334654", "https://openalex.org/W3168331743", "https://openalex.org/W3171547459", "https://openalex.org/W4211157329", "https://openalex.org/W4244485403"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4387497383", "https://openalex.org/W2948807893", "https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2778153218", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W1531601525", "https://openalex.org/W4391375266", "https://openalex.org/W2078814861", "https://openalex.org/W2527526854", "https://openalex.org/W1976181487"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Hydrogel": [0], "is": [1], "a": [2, 51, 273], "type": [3], "of": [4, 53, 78, 90, 109, 215, 249, 276], "versatile": [5], "platform": [6], "with": [7, 220], "various": [8, 182], "biomedical": [9, 251, 277], "applications": [10, 176], "after": [11], "rational": [12], "structure": [13], "and": [14, 39, 44, 65, 92, 101, 116, 134, 141, 154, 172, 189, 197, 205, 213, 225, 236, 255, 270], "functional": [15], "design": [16, 247, 269], "that": [17, 177], "leverages": [18], "on": [19, 113, 167, 245], "material": [20], "engineering": [21], "to": [22, 59, 74, 253], "modulate": [23, 256], "its": [24], "physicochemical": [25, 88], "properties": [26, 89, 112], "(e.g.,": [27, 143, 159], "stiffness,": [28], "pore": [29], "size,": [30], "viscoelasticity,": [31], "microarchitecture,": [32], "degradability,": [33], "ligand": [34], "presentation,": [35], "stimulus-responsive": [36], "properties,": [37], "etc.)": [38], "influence": [40], "cell": [41, 114, 156, 183], "signaling": [42, 118], "cascades": [43], "fate.": [45], "In": [46, 81], "the": [47, 61, 68, 72, 75, 87, 98, 107, 209, 222, 234, 246], "past": [48], "few": [49], "decades,": [50], "plethora": [52], "pioneering": [54], "studies": [55], "have": [56], "been": [57], "implemented": [58], "explore": [60], "cell-hydrogel": [62], "matrix": [63], "interactions": [64], "figure": [66], "out": [67], "underlying": [69], "mechanisms,": [70], "paving": [71], "way": [73], "lab-to-clinic": [76], "translation": [77, 211], "hydrogel-based": [79], "therapies.": [80], "this": [82, 229, 240], "review,": [83], "we": [84], "first": [85], "introduced": [86], "hydrogels": [91, 111, 216, 252], "their": [93], "fabrication": [94], "approaches": [95], "concisely.": [96], "Subsequently,": [97], "comprehensive": [99, 235], "description": [100], "deep": [102, 237], "discussion": [103], "were": [104, 120, 202, 217, 231], "elucidated,": [105], "wherein": [106], "influences": [108], "different": [110], "behaviors": [115, 123], "cellular": [117, 149, 257], "events": [119, 125], "highlighted.": [121], "These": [122], "or": [124], "included": [126], "integrin": [127], "clustering,": [128], "focal": [129], "adhesion": [130], "(FA)": [131], "complex": [132], "accumulation": [133], "activation,": [135], "cytoskeleton": [136], "rearrangement,": [137], "protein": [138, 145], "cyto-nuclei": [139], "shuttling": [140], "activation": [142], "Yes-associated": [144], "(YAP),": [146], "catenin,": [147], "etc.),": [148], "compartment": [150], "reorganization,": [151], "gene": [152], "expression,": [153], "further": [155, 203], "biology": [157], "modulation": [158], "spreading,": [160], "migration,": [161], "proliferation,": [162], "lineage": [163], "commitment,": [164], "etc.).": [165], "Based": [166], "them,": [168], "current": [169], "in": [170, 173, 228, 239], "vitro": [171], "vivo": [174], "hydrogel": [175, 268], "mainly": [178], "covered": [179], "diseases": [180], "models,": [181], "delivery": [184], "protocols": [185], "for": [186, 262, 266, 272], "tissue": [187], "regeneration": [188], "disease": [190], "therapy,": [191], "smart": [192], "drug": [193], "carrier,": [194], "bioimaging,": [195], "biosensor,": [196], "conductive": [198], "wearable/implantable": [199], "biodevices,": [200], "etc.": [201], "summarized": [204], "discussed.": [206], "More": [207], "significantly,": [208], "clinical": [210], "potential": [212], "trials": [214], "presented,": [218], "accompanied": [219], "which": [221, 259], "remaining": [223], "challenges": [224], "future": [226, 267], "perspectives": [227], "field": [230], "emphasized.": [232], "Collectively,": [233], "insights": [238], "review": [241], "will": [242], "shed": [243], "light": [244], "principles": [248], "new": [250], "understand": [254], "processes,": [258], "are": [260], "available": [261], "providing": [263], "significant": [264], "indications": [265], "serving": [271], "broad": [274], "range": [275], "applications.": [278]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 144}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 429}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 294}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 187}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 56}], "updated_date": "2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4212805852", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202110384", "title": "Bistable and Multistable Actuators for Soft Robots: Structures, Materials, and Functionalities", "display_name": "Bistable and Multistable Actuators for Soft Robots: Structures, Materials, and Functionalities", "relevance_score": 38.85953, "publication_year": 2022, "publication_date": "2022-02-16", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4212805852", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202110384"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/adma.202110384", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202110384", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.202110384", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S99352657", "display_name": "Advanced Materials", "issn_l": "0935-9648", "issn": ["0935-9648", "1521-4095"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.202110384", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5054873465", "display_name": "Yinding Chi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2674-721X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I137902535", "display_name": "North Carolina State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04tj63d06", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yinding Chi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University  Raleigh NC 27695 USA", "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University  Raleigh NC 27695 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100771502", "display_name": "Yanbin Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0870-4507"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I137902535", "display_name": "North Carolina State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04tj63d06", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yanbin Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University  Raleigh NC 27695 USA", "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University  Raleigh NC 27695 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068603530", "display_name": "Yao Zhao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8997-9670"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I137902535", "display_name": "North Carolina State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04tj63d06", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yao Zhao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University  Raleigh NC 27695 USA", "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University  Raleigh NC 27695 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5021701998", "display_name": "Yaoye Hong", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9671-9508"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I137902535", "display_name": "North Carolina State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04tj63d06", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yaoye Hong", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University  Raleigh NC 27695 USA", "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University  Raleigh NC 27695 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5061806566", "display_name": "Yichao Tang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-5558"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I116953780", "display_name": "Tongji University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03rc6as71", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yichao Tang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji University  Shanghai 200092 China", "School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji University  Shanghai 200092 China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065498915", "display_name": "Jie Yin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6297-1262"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I137902535", "display_name": "North Carolina State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04tj63d06", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jie Yin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University  Raleigh NC 27695 USA", "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6297-1262", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University  Raleigh NC 27695 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 6, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5065498915"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I137902535"], "apc_list": {"value": 5250, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 5250}, "apc_paid": {"value": 5250, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 5250}, "fwci": 44.7668, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 513, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99982415, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "34", "issue": "19", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10868", "display_name": "Soft Robotics and Applications", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10338", "display_name": "Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials", "score": 0.9987000226974487, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bistability", "display_name": "Bistability", "score": 0.928451418876648}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.8539668917655945}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator", "display_name": "Actuator", "score": 0.7634000778198242}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/robot", "display_name": "Robot", "score": 0.6004457473754883}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.5903477668762207}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-materials", "display_name": "Soft materials", "score": 0.5650901794433594}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "score": 0.5011875629425049}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-material", "display_name": "Smart material", "score": 0.41765716671943665}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.19502288103103638}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.17235514521598816}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.12279108166694641}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C97292510", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304620", "display_name": "Bistability", "level": 2, "score": 0.928451418876648}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.8539668917655945}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C172707124", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488", "display_name": "Actuator", "level": 2, "score": 0.7634000778198242}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C90509273", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012", "display_name": "Robot", "level": 2, "score": 0.6004457473754883}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5903477668762207}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2982836594", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902144", "display_name": "Soft materials", "level": 2, "score": 0.5650901794433594}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776058767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "level": 3, "score": 0.5011875629425049}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C88484716", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474679", "display_name": "Smart material", "level": 2, "score": 0.41765716671943665}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.19502288103103638}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.17235514521598816}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.12279108166694641}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1002/adma.202110384", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202110384", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.202110384", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S99352657", "display_name": "Advanced Materials", "issn_l": "0935-9648", "issn": ["0935-9648", "1521-4095"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/adma.202110384", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202110384", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.202110384", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S99352657", "display_name": "Advanced Materials", "issn_l": "0935-9648", "issn": ["0935-9648", "1521-4095"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G5577920832", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2126072", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332170", "funder_display_name": "Directorate for Engineering"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7843414560", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2126072", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7994899880", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CMMI\u20102126072", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "display_name": "National Science Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320310013", "display_name": "North Carolina State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04tj63d06"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332170", "display_name": "Directorate for Engineering", "ror": "https://ror.org/00b6sbb32"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337391", "display_name": "Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation", "ror": "https://ror.org/028yd4c30"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W4212805852.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W4212805852.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 266, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1507175205", "https://openalex.org/W1515749184", "https://openalex.org/W1612624539", "https://openalex.org/W1614964691", "https://openalex.org/W1696514235", "https://openalex.org/W1727672048", "https://openalex.org/W1803936640", "https://openalex.org/W1826399803", "https://openalex.org/W1888892744", "https://openalex.org/W1900860620", "https://openalex.org/W1902605501", "https://openalex.org/W1921712862", "https://openalex.org/W1965390904", "https://openalex.org/W1966090125", "https://openalex.org/W1967139855", "https://openalex.org/W1970404992", "https://openalex.org/W1973053699", "https://openalex.org/W1974132604", "https://openalex.org/W1974751475", "https://openalex.org/W1978201146", "https://openalex.org/W1981602625", "https://openalex.org/W1984022509", "https://openalex.org/W1984187759", "https://openalex.org/W1987193865", "https://openalex.org/W1987649249", "https://openalex.org/W1990633676", "https://openalex.org/W1994776532", "https://openalex.org/W2006207961", "https://openalex.org/W2006577731", "https://openalex.org/W2007924815", "https://openalex.org/W2010486587", "https://openalex.org/W2012458690", "https://openalex.org/W2014405635", "https://openalex.org/W2023229791", "https://openalex.org/W2023412496", "https://openalex.org/W2025613329", "https://openalex.org/W2027454283", "https://openalex.org/W2031201429", "https://openalex.org/W2031951629", "https://openalex.org/W2032458303", "https://openalex.org/W2033300014", "https://openalex.org/W2034996900", "https://openalex.org/W2036105802", "https://openalex.org/W2036699948", "https://openalex.org/W2040243778", "https://openalex.org/W2041065548", "https://openalex.org/W2041675282", "https://openalex.org/W2043686875", "https://openalex.org/W2048401675", "https://openalex.org/W2050614907", "https://openalex.org/W2052671832", "https://openalex.org/W2054628872", "https://openalex.org/W2058972944", "https://openalex.org/W2066354530", "https://openalex.org/W2068234850", "https://openalex.org/W2070662831", "https://openalex.org/W2073470977", "https://openalex.org/W2074207981", "https://openalex.org/W2074374155", "https://openalex.org/W2079574144", "https://openalex.org/W2087876384", "https://openalex.org/W2088580200", "https://openalex.org/W2091797644", "https://openalex.org/W2092860016", "https://openalex.org/W2099006292", "https://openalex.org/W2099045194", "https://openalex.org/W2099541542", "https://openalex.org/W2106567248", "https://openalex.org/W2109996627", "https://openalex.org/W2112384797", "https://openalex.org/W2112997501", "https://openalex.org/W2113375047", "https://openalex.org/W2114304634", "https://openalex.org/W2115762942", "https://openalex.org/W2118177844", "https://openalex.org/W2122203566", "https://openalex.org/W2124992704", "https://openalex.org/W2127361122", "https://openalex.org/W2133722181", "https://openalex.org/W2134165475", "https://openalex.org/W2135807906", "https://openalex.org/W2137711693", "https://openalex.org/W2149010019", "https://openalex.org/W2150782951", "https://openalex.org/W2154338513", "https://openalex.org/W2163566443", "https://openalex.org/W2169021452", "https://openalex.org/W2171995939", "https://openalex.org/W2179173139", "https://openalex.org/W2224750552", "https://openalex.org/W2285898182", "https://openalex.org/W2296718990", "https://openalex.org/W2306156266", "https://openalex.org/W2336222967", "https://openalex.org/W2409926740", "https://openalex.org/W2461024470", "https://openalex.org/W2481841738", "https://openalex.org/W2505183111", "https://openalex.org/W2506964106", "https://openalex.org/W2515888324", "https://openalex.org/W2515930553", "https://openalex.org/W2517713314", "https://openalex.org/W2519530030", "https://openalex.org/W2520705323", "https://openalex.org/W2526011581", "https://openalex.org/W2529126989", "https://openalex.org/W2560730116", "https://openalex.org/W2561609334", "https://openalex.org/W2563431504", "https://openalex.org/W2564130887", "https://openalex.org/W2576246534", "https://openalex.org/W2582609323", "https://openalex.org/W2596604653", "https://openalex.org/W2596957564", "https://openalex.org/W2597699272", "https://openalex.org/W2614107499", "https://openalex.org/W2618150712", "https://openalex.org/W2618609747", "https://openalex.org/W2621263557", "https://openalex.org/W2625379055", "https://openalex.org/W2725448720", "https://openalex.org/W2737491236", "https://openalex.org/W2738259110", "https://openalex.org/W2746520979", "https://openalex.org/W2748389366", "https://openalex.org/W2748785478", "https://openalex.org/W2749452471", "https://openalex.org/W2752165401", "https://openalex.org/W2784911769", "https://openalex.org/W2785110060", "https://openalex.org/W2788127870", "https://openalex.org/W2790084889", "https://openalex.org/W2790246068", "https://openalex.org/W2791239448", "https://openalex.org/W2792903561", "https://openalex.org/W2797394941", "https://openalex.org/W2801704144", "https://openalex.org/W2803735436", "https://openalex.org/W2804340326", "https://openalex.org/W2806506062", "https://openalex.org/W2809633875", "https://openalex.org/W2810345776", "https://openalex.org/W2811152080", "https://openalex.org/W2883279767", "https://openalex.org/W2889529934", "https://openalex.org/W2891089476", "https://openalex.org/W2891513476", "https://openalex.org/W2893780659", "https://openalex.org/W2896050657", "https://openalex.org/W2899318310", "https://openalex.org/W2901252645", "https://openalex.org/W2901995390", "https://openalex.org/W2903661297", "https://openalex.org/W2904532819", "https://openalex.org/W2905335417", "https://openalex.org/W2905880610", "https://openalex.org/W2908553400", "https://openalex.org/W2909857791", "https://openalex.org/W2909996990", "https://openalex.org/W2917154560", "https://openalex.org/W2924252827", "https://openalex.org/W2937368875", "https://openalex.org/W2939171770", "https://openalex.org/W2943492352", "https://openalex.org/W2945129832", "https://openalex.org/W2945701414", "https://openalex.org/W2954129390", "https://openalex.org/W2957257771", "https://openalex.org/W2960914149", "https://openalex.org/W2961049121", "https://openalex.org/W2961309955", "https://openalex.org/W2962472492", "https://openalex.org/W2963118783", "https://openalex.org/W2966493068", "https://openalex.org/W2966665557", "https://openalex.org/W2967066431", "https://openalex.org/W2969890034", "https://openalex.org/W2970642377", "https://openalex.org/W2972065438", "https://openalex.org/W2972391986", "https://openalex.org/W2977674090", "https://openalex.org/W2980723962", "https://openalex.org/W2981795224", "https://openalex.org/W2982500903", "https://openalex.org/W2988645098", "https://openalex.org/W2990475871", "https://openalex.org/W2991891865", "https://openalex.org/W2995167177", "https://openalex.org/W2998200609", "https://openalex.org/W2998863624", "https://openalex.org/W2998901272", "https://openalex.org/W3001636146", "https://openalex.org/W3007162068", "https://openalex.org/W3008886629", "https://openalex.org/W3010722790", "https://openalex.org/W3016347899", "https://openalex.org/W3017151982", "https://openalex.org/W3018423233", "https://openalex.org/W3021947263", "https://openalex.org/W3023786610", "https://openalex.org/W3026249315", "https://openalex.org/W3033034702", "https://openalex.org/W3036370809", "https://openalex.org/W3039986021", "https://openalex.org/W3047411995", "https://openalex.org/W3048787826", "https://openalex.org/W3078154952", "https://openalex.org/W3080675481", "https://openalex.org/W3080972094", "https://openalex.org/W3087615154", "https://openalex.org/W3088304488", "https://openalex.org/W3089403702", "https://openalex.org/W3090837803", "https://openalex.org/W3092032021", "https://openalex.org/W3092100281", "https://openalex.org/W3094550415", "https://openalex.org/W3096062443", "https://openalex.org/W3098128465", "https://openalex.org/W3099274860", "https://openalex.org/W3100014578", "https://openalex.org/W3107437201", "https://openalex.org/W3113404812", "https://openalex.org/W3121278036", "https://openalex.org/W3125779320", "https://openalex.org/W3127876604", "https://openalex.org/W3127987722", "https://openalex.org/W3129294316", "https://openalex.org/W3134168363", "https://openalex.org/W3135941974", "https://openalex.org/W3139257454", "https://openalex.org/W3145834777", "https://openalex.org/W3145917579", "https://openalex.org/W3153533145", "https://openalex.org/W3154918475", "https://openalex.org/W3155187091", "https://openalex.org/W3158837367", "https://openalex.org/W3163220727", "https://openalex.org/W3163443358", "https://openalex.org/W3165095226", "https://openalex.org/W3165399698", "https://openalex.org/W3167030446", "https://openalex.org/W3173563814", "https://openalex.org/W3184770643", "https://openalex.org/W3186216889", "https://openalex.org/W3187680382", "https://openalex.org/W3193322351", "https://openalex.org/W3193722108", "https://openalex.org/W3194786616", "https://openalex.org/W3196359252", "https://openalex.org/W3198476225", "https://openalex.org/W3198695819", "https://openalex.org/W3206990743", "https://openalex.org/W3208462011", "https://openalex.org/W3208947599", "https://openalex.org/W3209955306", "https://openalex.org/W4200040721", "https://openalex.org/W4200082215", "https://openalex.org/W4210330146", "https://openalex.org/W4211248062", "https://openalex.org/W4213028169", "https://openalex.org/W4231879557", "https://openalex.org/W4243986048", "https://openalex.org/W4244367163", "https://openalex.org/W4244569713", "https://openalex.org/W4246904535", "https://openalex.org/W4247701493"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2004196108", "https://openalex.org/W3134474396", "https://openalex.org/W4385439013", "https://openalex.org/W4296449477", "https://openalex.org/W2110618792", "https://openalex.org/W1515749184", "https://openalex.org/W4367041227", "https://openalex.org/W2806506062", "https://openalex.org/W4285221039", "https://openalex.org/W3190856263"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Abstract": [0], "Snap\u2010through": [1], "bistability": [2, 27], "is": [3, 98], "often": [4], "observed": [5], "in": [6, 30, 54, 195], "nature": [7], "(e.g.,": [8, 19], "fast": [9, 65], "snapping": [10], "to": [11, 114], "closure": [12], "of": [13, 81, 108, 125, 142, 171], "Venus": [14], "flytrap)": [15], "and": [16, 22, 28, 33, 44, 51, 59, 64, 75, 84, 95, 130, 133, 150, 159, 177, 180, 193], "the": [17, 191], "life": [18], "bottle": [20], "caps": [21], "hair": [23], "clippers).": [24], "Recently,": [25], "harnessing": [26], "multistability": [29], "different": [31], "structures": [32, 86], "soft": [34, 42, 45, 88, 93, 144, 166, 175], "materials": [35, 90, 146, 152, 167], "has": [36], "attracted": [37], "growing": [38], "interest": [39], "for": [40, 91, 105, 174], "high\u2010performance": [41], "actuators": [43, 94, 179], "robots.": [46], "They": [47], "have": [48], "demonstrated": [49], "broad": [50], "unique": [52], "applications": [53, 184], "high\u2010speed": [55], "locomotion": [56], "on": [57, 190], "land": [58], "under": [60], "water,": [61], "adaptive": [62], "sensing": [63], "grasping,": [66], "shape": [67], "reconfiguration,": [68], "electronics\u2010free": [69], "controls": [70], "with": [71, 87, 127, 168], "a": [72], "single": [73], "input,": [74], "logic": [76], "computation.": [77], "Here,": [78], "an": [79], "overview": [80], "integrating": [82, 164], "bistable": [83, 110, 172, 176], "multistable": [85, 178], "actuating": [89, 145], "diverse": [92, 182], "soft/flexible": [96], "robots": [97], "given.": [99], "The": [100], "mechanics\u2010guided": [101], "structural": [102], "design": [103], "principles": [104], "five": [106], "categories": [107], "basic": [109], "elements": [111, 173], "from": [112], "1D": [113], "3D": [115], "(i.e.,": [116, 147], "constrained": [117], "beams,": [118], "curved": [119], "plates,": [120], "dome": [121], "shells,": [122], "compliant": [123], "mechanisms": [124], "linkages": [126], "flexible": [128], "hinges": [129], "deformable": [131], "origami,": [132], "balloon": [134], "structures)": [135], "are": [136, 185, 199], "first": [137], "presented,": [138], "alongside": [139], "brief": [140], "discussions": [141], "typical": [143], "fluidic": [148], "elastomers": [149], "stimuli\u2010responsive": [151], "such": [153], "as": [154], "electro\u2010,": [155], "photo\u2010,": [156], "thermo\u2010,": [157], "magnetic\u2010,": [158], "hydro\u2010responsive": [160], "polymers).": [161], "Following": [162], "that,": [163], "these": [165], "each": [169], "category": [170], "their": [181], "robotic": [183], "discussed.": [186], "To": [187], "conclude,": [188], "perspectives": [189], "challenges": [192], "opportunities": [194], "this": [196], "emerging": [197], "field": [198], "considered.": [200]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 63}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 184}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 152}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 89}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 25}], "updated_date": "2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923", "created_date": "2022-02-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4382584043", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9070523", "title": "Polymer-Based Hydrogels Applied in Drug Delivery: An Overview", "display_name": "Polymer-Based Hydrogels Applied in Drug Delivery: An Overview", "relevance_score": 36.746815, "publication_year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-06-27", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4382584043", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9070523", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37504402"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3390/gels9070523", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9070523", "pdf_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/7/523/pdf?version=1687868557", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2737559645", "display_name": "Gels", "issn_l": "2310-2861", "issn": ["2310-2861"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310310987", "host_organization_name": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Gels", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/7/523/pdf?version=1687868557", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027988721", "display_name": "Hoc Thang Nguyen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2215-8859"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210116271", "display_name": "Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade", "ror": "https://ror.org/02b2dfs85", "country_code": "VN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210116271"]}], "countries": ["VN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Nguyen Hoc Thang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Faculty of Chemical Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan, Tan Phu Distrist, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2215-8859", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Faculty of Chemical Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan, Tan Phu Distrist, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210116271"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111000796", "display_name": "Truong Bach Chien", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210116271", "display_name": "Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade", "ror": "https://ror.org/02b2dfs85", "country_code": "VN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210116271"]}], "countries": ["VN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Truong Bach Chien", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Faculty of Chemical Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan, Tan Phu Distrist, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Faculty of Chemical Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan, Tan Phu Distrist, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210116271"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023178095", "display_name": "\u0110\u1eb7ng Xu\u00e2n C\u01b0\u1eddng", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0726-3554"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210116271", "display_name": "Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade", "ror": "https://ror.org/02b2dfs85", "country_code": "VN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210116271"]}], "countries": ["VN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Dang Xuan Cuong", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan, Tan Phu Distrist, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan, Tan Phu Distrist, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210116271"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5027988721"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210116271"], "apc_list": {"value": 1600, "currency": "CHF", "value_usd": 1732}, "apc_paid": {"value": 1600, "currency": "CHF", "value_usd": 1732}, "fwci": 62.4652, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 689, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "9", "issue": "7", "first_page": "523", "last_page": "523"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10343", "display_name": "Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1313", "display_name": "Molecular Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10343", "display_name": "Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1313", "display_name": "Molecular Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10920", "display_name": "Advanced Drug Delivery Systems", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3003", "display_name": "Pharmaceutical Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/30", "display_name": "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10063", "display_name": "Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery", "score": 0.9988999962806702, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2502", "display_name": "Biomaterials"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/self-healing-hydrogels", "display_name": "Self-healing hydrogels", "score": 0.8821015954017639}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-delivery", "display_name": "Drug delivery", "score": 0.8607847690582275}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biocompatibility", "display_name": "Biocompatibility", "score": 0.7712215185165405}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/drug", "display_name": "Drug", "score": 0.6807801723480225}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.5790882706642151}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/targeted-drug-delivery", "display_name": "Targeted drug delivery", "score": 0.5258912444114685}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-release", "display_name": "Controlled release", "score": 0.49656468629837036}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-carrier", "display_name": "Drug carrier", "score": 0.44856923818588257}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.4038923978805542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering", "display_name": "Biomedical engineering", "score": 0.3347070813179016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology", "display_name": "Pharmacology", "score": 0.3100128471851349}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.16900473833084106}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C108586683", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164826", "display_name": "Self-healing hydrogels", "level": 2, "score": 0.8821015954017639}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779820397", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806", "display_name": "Drug delivery", "level": 2, "score": 0.8607847690582275}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777230088", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864426", "display_name": "Biocompatibility", "level": 2, "score": 0.7712215185165405}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780035454", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386", "display_name": "Drug", "level": 2, "score": 0.6807801723480225}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5790882706642151}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126511603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261145", "display_name": "Targeted drug delivery", "level": 3, "score": 0.5258912444114685}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C163588942", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165929", "display_name": "Controlled release", "level": 2, "score": 0.49656468629837036}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C13245373", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3715494", "display_name": "Drug carrier", "level": 3, "score": 0.44856923818588257}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4038923978805542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136229726", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092", "display_name": "Biomedical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.3347070813179016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C98274493", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406", "display_name": "Pharmacology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3100128471851349}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.16900473833084106}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188027245", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446", "display_name": "Polymer chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C191897082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467", "display_name": "Metallurgy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.3390/gels9070523", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9070523", "pdf_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/7/523/pdf?version=1687868557", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2737559645", "display_name": "Gels", "issn_l": "2310-2861", "issn": ["2310-2861"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310310987", "host_organization_name": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Gels", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:37504402", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37504402", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Gels (Basel, Switzerland)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10379988", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10379988", "pdf_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10379988/pdf/gels-09-00523.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Gels", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b1acaeccf8d746a39984fd5733990366", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/b1acaeccf8d746a39984fd5733990366", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Gels, Vol 9, Iss 7, p 523 (2023)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2310-2861/9/7/523/", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9070523", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400947", "display_name": "MDPI (MDPI AG)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4210097602", "host_organization_name": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Gels; Volume 9; Issue 7; Pages: 523", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.3390/gels9070523", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9070523", "pdf_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/7/523/pdf?version=1687868557", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2737559645", "display_name": "Gels", "issn_l": "2310-2861", "issn": ["2310-2861"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310310987", "host_organization_name": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Gels", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382584043.pdf"}, "referenced_works_count": 230, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W657862629", "https://openalex.org/W1606591506", "https://openalex.org/W1966125363", "https://openalex.org/W1968516916", "https://openalex.org/W1968810582", "https://openalex.org/W1977084624", "https://openalex.org/W1983844422", "https://openalex.org/W1985393355", "https://openalex.org/W1993075655", "https://openalex.org/W1994646124", "https://openalex.org/W1998289682", "https://openalex.org/W2001763531", "https://openalex.org/W2009183907", "https://openalex.org/W2010926909", "https://openalex.org/W2011627863", "https://openalex.org/W2013385548", "https://openalex.org/W2019360034", "https://openalex.org/W2021552233", "https://openalex.org/W2023115337", "https://openalex.org/W2023952099", "https://openalex.org/W2024306244", "https://openalex.org/W2026780757", "https://openalex.org/W2029340155", "https://openalex.org/W2029371948", "https://openalex.org/W2029974417", "https://openalex.org/W2038971221", "https://openalex.org/W2044512869", "https://openalex.org/W2046032852", "https://openalex.org/W2046627126", "https://openalex.org/W2052133821", "https://openalex.org/W2055040491", "https://openalex.org/W2057265077", "https://openalex.org/W2057718253", "https://openalex.org/W2068064088", "https://openalex.org/W2070170630", "https://openalex.org/W2073863465", "https://openalex.org/W2074246262", "https://openalex.org/W2076255801", "https://openalex.org/W2077032511", "https://openalex.org/W2082182581", "https://openalex.org/W2091232977", "https://openalex.org/W2120346745", "https://openalex.org/W2124951530", "https://openalex.org/W2134961336", "https://openalex.org/W2141222486", "https://openalex.org/W2144081123", "https://openalex.org/W2145305994", "https://openalex.org/W2177880129", "https://openalex.org/W2219994541", "https://openalex.org/W2237248201", "https://openalex.org/W2241370686", "https://openalex.org/W2266432409", "https://openalex.org/W2322443154", "https://openalex.org/W2326293303", "https://openalex.org/W2326511859", "https://openalex.org/W2330373241", "https://openalex.org/W2331001028", "https://openalex.org/W2383784224", "https://openalex.org/W2476270110", "https://openalex.org/W2532852614", "https://openalex.org/W2590484780", "https://openalex.org/W2620711380", "https://openalex.org/W2783196030", "https://openalex.org/W2788624561", "https://openalex.org/W2793496437", "https://openalex.org/W2807876330", "https://openalex.org/W2835011473", "https://openalex.org/W2891457650", "https://openalex.org/W2893166049", "https://openalex.org/W2897999456", "https://openalex.org/W2903420655", "https://openalex.org/W2932960870", "https://openalex.org/W2936750428", "https://openalex.org/W2947399260", "https://openalex.org/W2956133825", "https://openalex.org/W2973333192", "https://openalex.org/W2981069919", "https://openalex.org/W2989864192", "https://openalex.org/W2990637356", "https://openalex.org/W2992080594", "https://openalex.org/W2998371488", "https://openalex.org/W3000723959", "https://openalex.org/W3012802014", "https://openalex.org/W3032227208", "https://openalex.org/W3093882933", "https://openalex.org/W3109702014", "https://openalex.org/W3110423116", "https://openalex.org/W3134531697", "https://openalex.org/W3134811295", "https://openalex.org/W3167196736", "https://openalex.org/W3167833126", "https://openalex.org/W3188020360", "https://openalex.org/W3209627144", "https://openalex.org/W4200280721", "https://openalex.org/W4211220444", "https://openalex.org/W4211244579", "https://openalex.org/W4220699893", "https://openalex.org/W4220777792", "https://openalex.org/W4221021595", "https://openalex.org/W4223932124", "https://openalex.org/W4224076593", "https://openalex.org/W4224087057", "https://openalex.org/W4229013573", "https://openalex.org/W4229455785", "https://openalex.org/W4232162394", "https://openalex.org/W4234770568", "https://openalex.org/W4280510760", "https://openalex.org/W4280576970", "https://openalex.org/W4281562136", "https://openalex.org/W4281635308", "https://openalex.org/W4281743802", "https://openalex.org/W4284893315", "https://openalex.org/W4286268930", "https://openalex.org/W4286698624", "https://openalex.org/W4288844085", "https://openalex.org/W4289774655", "https://openalex.org/W4292451686", "https://openalex.org/W4293124800", "https://openalex.org/W4294939112", "https://openalex.org/W4296397611", "https://openalex.org/W4296640347", "https://openalex.org/W4296774056", "https://openalex.org/W4306869504", "https://openalex.org/W4307583532", "https://openalex.org/W4307644749", "https://openalex.org/W4308038017", "https://openalex.org/W4308748738", "https://openalex.org/W4308931679", "https://openalex.org/W4309236912", "https://openalex.org/W4309420765", "https://openalex.org/W4309642863", "https://openalex.org/W4310070066", "https://openalex.org/W4310122238", "https://openalex.org/W4310277599", "https://openalex.org/W4310704071", "https://openalex.org/W4311235969", "https://openalex.org/W4311271648", "https://openalex.org/W4311289498", "https://openalex.org/W4311765976", "https://openalex.org/W4311796447", "https://openalex.org/W4311887280", "https://openalex.org/W4312084999", "https://openalex.org/W4312110870", "https://openalex.org/W4312160317", "https://openalex.org/W4312204873", "https://openalex.org/W4313238120", "https://openalex.org/W4313454378", "https://openalex.org/W4313463437", "https://openalex.org/W4313479611", "https://openalex.org/W4313488262", "https://openalex.org/W4313562399", "https://openalex.org/W4313571259", "https://openalex.org/W4313572533", "https://openalex.org/W4313639473", "https://openalex.org/W4313647470", "https://openalex.org/W4313650235", "https://openalex.org/W4313650668", "https://openalex.org/W4313655901", "https://openalex.org/W4313907604", "https://openalex.org/W4315484210", "https://openalex.org/W4316036243", "https://openalex.org/W4316464102", "https://openalex.org/W4316465024", "https://openalex.org/W4317254341", "https://openalex.org/W4317357988", "https://openalex.org/W4317436248", "https://openalex.org/W4317508815", "https://openalex.org/W4317624642", "https://openalex.org/W4317708792", "https://openalex.org/W4317726051", "https://openalex.org/W4317797601", "https://openalex.org/W4317809688", "https://openalex.org/W4317939390", "https://openalex.org/W4318203709", "https://openalex.org/W4318473868", "https://openalex.org/W4318542583", "https://openalex.org/W4318618890", "https://openalex.org/W4318954134", "https://openalex.org/W4319063240", "https://openalex.org/W4319159341", "https://openalex.org/W4319264624", "https://openalex.org/W4319302850", "https://openalex.org/W4319303572", "https://openalex.org/W4319440350", "https://openalex.org/W4319772624", "https://openalex.org/W4320487989", "https://openalex.org/W4320491429", "https://openalex.org/W4321205983", "https://openalex.org/W4321374248", "https://openalex.org/W4321377448", "https://openalex.org/W4321380093", "https://openalex.org/W4321495804", "https://openalex.org/W4321498084", "https://openalex.org/W4321503367", "https://openalex.org/W4321596845", "https://openalex.org/W4321611417", "https://openalex.org/W4321768705", "https://openalex.org/W4322502629", "https://openalex.org/W4322721394", "https://openalex.org/W4323041510", "https://openalex.org/W4323276472", "https://openalex.org/W4323306246", "https://openalex.org/W4323313441", "https://openalex.org/W4323342003", "https://openalex.org/W4324020276", "https://openalex.org/W4324032821", "https://openalex.org/W4324316671", "https://openalex.org/W4324335398", "https://openalex.org/W4327685808", "https://openalex.org/W4327704764", "https://openalex.org/W4327747840", "https://openalex.org/W4327921248", "https://openalex.org/W4327956433", "https://openalex.org/W4361004820", "https://openalex.org/W4362506111", "https://openalex.org/W4362574871", "https://openalex.org/W4362635706", "https://openalex.org/W4362664402", "https://openalex.org/W4364355764", "https://openalex.org/W4372194363", "https://openalex.org/W4372199024", "https://openalex.org/W4375857282", "https://openalex.org/W4375947208", "https://openalex.org/W4376639831", "https://openalex.org/W4377245441", "https://openalex.org/W4378515082", "https://openalex.org/W4379384586", "https://openalex.org/W4379985138", "https://openalex.org/W6710407015", "https://openalex.org/W7015692085"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2561873657", "https://openalex.org/W3029738095", "https://openalex.org/W2031978009", "https://openalex.org/W143761460", "https://openalex.org/W3004578377", "https://openalex.org/W3121574256", "https://openalex.org/W4226035572", "https://openalex.org/W2186763223", "https://openalex.org/W2080630976", "https://openalex.org/W2790856884"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Polymer-based": [0], "hydrogels": [1, 111, 129, 169], "are": [2, 84, 170], "hydrophilic": [3], "polymer": [4], "networks": [5], "with": [6], "crosslinks": [7], "widely": [8], "applied": [9], "for": [10, 65, 74, 116, 188], "drug": [11, 29, 46, 67, 89, 104, 119, 149, 190, 193, 196, 218], "delivery": [12, 47, 68, 105, 150, 155, 219], "applications": [13], "because": [14, 177], "of": [15, 22, 44, 52, 109, 144, 178, 199], "their": [16, 33, 179], "ability": [17, 180], "to": [18, 56, 70, 181, 184], "hold": [19], "large": [20], "amounts": [21], "water": [23], "and": [24, 27, 37, 69, 87, 112, 121, 137, 156, 203, 216], "biological": [25], "fluids": [26], "control": [28], "release": [30, 51, 90, 122, 135, 191], "based": [31, 162], "on": [32, 163], "unique": [34], "physicochemical": [35], "properties": [36], "biocompatibility.": [38], "Current": [39], "trends": [40], "in": [41, 54, 102, 174, 221], "the": [42, 50, 72, 107, 145, 222], "development": [43, 126], "hydrogel": [45, 81, 103, 208], "systems": [48, 151, 220], "involve": [49], "drugs": [53], "response": [55], "specific": [57, 186], "triggers": [58], "such": [59, 152], "as": [60, 141, 153], "pH,": [61], "temperature,": [62], "or": [63], "enzymes": [64], "targeted": [66, 118], "reduce": [71], "potential": [73], "systemic": [75], "toxicity.": [76], "In": [77, 166], "addition,": [78, 167], "developing": [79, 140], "injectable": [80], "formulations": [82], "that": [83], "easily": [85], "used": [86], "sustain": [88], "during": [91], "this": [92], "extended": [93], "time": [94], "is": [95, 106, 139, 210], "a": [96, 142, 185], "growing": [97], "interest.": [98], "Another": [99], "emerging": [100], "trend": [101], "synthesis": [108], "nano": [110], "other": [113], "functional": [114], "substances": [115], "improving": [117], "loading": [120], "efficacy.": [123], "Following": [124], "these": [125, 164], "trends,": [127], "advanced": [128], "possessing": [130], "mechanically": [131], "improved": [132], "properties,": [133], "controlled": [134], "rates,": [136, 192], "biocompatibility": [138], "focus": [143], "field.": [146], "More": [147], "complex": [148], "multi-drug": [154], "combination": [157], "therapies": [158], "will": [159], "be": [160, 182], "developed": [161], "advancements.": [165], "polymer-based": [168], "gaining": [171], "increasing": [172], "attention": [173], "personalized": [175], "medicine": [176], "tailored": [183], "patient,": [187], "example,": [189], "combinations,": [194], "target-specific": [195], "delivery,": [197], "improvement": [198], "disease": [200], "treatment": [201], "effectiveness,": [202], "healthcare": [204], "cost": [205], "reduction.": [206], "Overall,": [207], "application": [209], "advancing": [211], "rapidly,": [212], "towards": [213], "more": [214], "efficient": [215], "effective": [217], "future.": [223]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 143}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 328}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 201}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 17}], "updated_date": "2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3007162068", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917952117", "title": "Bioinspired underwater locomotion of light-driven liquid crystal gels", "display_name": "Bioinspired underwater locomotion of light-driven liquid crystal gels", "relevance_score": 35.59146, "publication_year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-02-24", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3007162068", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917952117", "mag": "3007162068", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32094173"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1073/pnas.1917952117", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917952117", "pdf_url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/117/10/5125.full.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S125754415", "display_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "issn_l": "0027-8424", "issn": ["0027-8424", "1091-6490"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320052", "host_organization_name": "National Academy of Sciences", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["National Academy of Sciences"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/117/10/5125.full.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5043927634", "display_name": "Hamed Shahsavan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1498-5114"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135521", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems", "ror": "https://ror.org/04fq9j139", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Hamed Shahsavan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5034789000", "display_name": "Amirreza Aghakhani", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4301-4053"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135521", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems", "ror": "https://ror.org/04fq9j139", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Amirreza Aghakhani", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4301-4053", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5064480213", "display_name": "Hao Zeng", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-214X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I166825849", "display_name": "Tampere University", "ror": "https://ror.org/033003e23", "country_code": "FI", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}], "countries": ["FI"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hao Zeng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland;"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland;", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5040405360", "display_name": "Yubing Guo", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6800-8899"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135521", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems", "ror": "https://ror.org/04fq9j139", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yubing Guo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5016897272", "display_name": "Zoey S. Davidson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-2085"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135521", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems", "ror": "https://ror.org/04fq9j139", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zoey S. Davidson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029202496", "display_name": "Arri Priim\u00e4gi", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I166825849", "display_name": "Tampere University", "ror": "https://ror.org/033003e23", "country_code": "FI", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}], "countries": ["FI"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Arri Priimagi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland;"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5945-9671", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland;", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079968392", "display_name": "Metin Sitti", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1351752", "display_name": "Ko\u00e7 University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00jzwgz36", "country_code": "TR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135521", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems", "ror": "https://ror.org/04fq9j139", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}], "countries": ["DE", "TR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Metin Sitti", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;", "School of Engineering, Ko\u00e7 University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey", "School of Medicine, Ko\u00e7 University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey;"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-3854", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Engineering, Ko\u00e7 University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Medicine, Ko\u00e7 University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey;", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 3, "institutions_distinct_count": 7, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5043927634"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 28.3612, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 359, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99937949, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "117", "issue": "10", "first_page": "5125", "last_page": "5133"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11486", "display_name": "Micro and Nano Robotics", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3104", "display_name": "Condensed Matter Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10306", "display_name": "Liquid Crystal Research Advancements", "score": 0.9847999811172485, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2504", "display_name": "Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater", "display_name": "Underwater", "score": 0.738947868347168}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/crawling", "display_name": "Crawling", "score": 0.7047720551490784}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "score": 0.6010597348213196}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/robot", "display_name": "Robot", "score": 0.5689035654067993}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-crystal", "display_name": "Liquid crystal", "score": 0.5595225095748901}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microfluidics", "display_name": "Microfluidics", "score": 0.518981397151947}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.5064069032669067}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.47790393233299255}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biomimetics", "display_name": "Biomimetics", "score": 0.4245799779891968}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.3991168439388275}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.3416818380355835}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.26620131731033325}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geology", "display_name": "Geology", "score": 0.10669031739234924}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C98083399", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517", "display_name": "Underwater", "level": 2, "score": 0.738947868347168}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C100368936", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411725", "display_name": "Crawling", "level": 2, "score": 0.7047720551490784}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776058767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "level": 3, "score": 0.6010597348213196}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C90509273", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012", "display_name": "Robot", "level": 2, "score": 0.5689035654067993}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C13274807", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203989", "display_name": "Liquid crystal", "level": 2, "score": 0.5595225095748901}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8673954", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845", "display_name": "Microfluidics", "level": 2, "score": 0.518981397151947}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5064069032669067}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.47790393233299255}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C165062768", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145644", "display_name": "Biomimetics", "level": 2, "score": 0.4245799779891968}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3991168439388275}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3416818380355835}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.26620131731033325}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069", "display_name": "Geology", "level": 0, "score": 0.10669031739234924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105702510", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514", "display_name": "Anatomy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111368507", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518", "display_name": "Oceanography", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 6, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1073/pnas.1917952117", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917952117", "pdf_url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/117/10/5125.full.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S125754415", "display_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "issn_l": "0027-8424", "issn": ["0027-8424", "1091-6490"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320052", "host_organization_name": "National Academy of Sciences", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["National Academy of Sciences"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:32094173", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32094173", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:cdm21054.contentdm.oclc.org:IR/8989", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917952117 ", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401341", "display_name": "Digital Collections portal (Ko\u00e7 University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1351752", "host_organization_name": "Ko\u00e7 University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1351752"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "raw_type": "Journal article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:eprints.ncl.ac.uk:285295", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402485", "display_name": "Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I84884186", "host_organization_name": "Newcastle University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I84884186"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": ""}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6036995", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7071923", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/217215", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/217215", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407055260", "display_name": "Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1073/pnas.1917952117", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917952117", "pdf_url": "https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/117/10/5125.full.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S125754415", "display_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "issn_l": "0027-8424", "issn": ["0027-8424", "1091-6490"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320052", "host_organization_name": "National Academy of Sciences", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["National Academy of Sciences"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.800000011920929, "display_name": "Life below water", "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G5666929970", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "326445", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321108", "funder_display_name": "Academy of Finland"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7238272227", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "320165", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321108", "funder_display_name": "Academy of Finland"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G928916428", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "316416", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321108", "funder_display_name": "Academy of Finland"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320308269", "display_name": "Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung", "ror": "https://ror.org/012kf4317"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321108", "display_name": "Academy of Finland", "ror": "https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322434", "display_name": "Max-Planck-Gesellschaft", "ror": "https://ror.org/01hhn8329"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334593", "display_name": "Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada", "ror": "https://ror.org/01h531d29"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007162068.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007162068.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 62, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W141393895", "https://openalex.org/W1200370352", "https://openalex.org/W1589503602", "https://openalex.org/W1968192573", "https://openalex.org/W1980261332", "https://openalex.org/W1990771973", "https://openalex.org/W1991297909", "https://openalex.org/W2016298708", "https://openalex.org/W2028237335", "https://openalex.org/W2031089288", "https://openalex.org/W2034037757", "https://openalex.org/W2065682453", "https://openalex.org/W2070450237", "https://openalex.org/W2075459747", "https://openalex.org/W2089373515", "https://openalex.org/W2095335636", "https://openalex.org/W2124969191", "https://openalex.org/W2127140176", "https://openalex.org/W2136770382", "https://openalex.org/W2156146378", "https://openalex.org/W2156770581", "https://openalex.org/W2157496850", "https://openalex.org/W2165908894", "https://openalex.org/W2168046319", "https://openalex.org/W2177338808", "https://openalex.org/W2179951204", "https://openalex.org/W2189361793", "https://openalex.org/W2224750552", "https://openalex.org/W2285898182", "https://openalex.org/W2463052324", "https://openalex.org/W2523532614", "https://openalex.org/W2524848316", "https://openalex.org/W2540149240", "https://openalex.org/W2553141329", "https://openalex.org/W2553656821", "https://openalex.org/W2589298423", "https://openalex.org/W2608656366", "https://openalex.org/W2617647792", "https://openalex.org/W2725448720", "https://openalex.org/W2761709424", "https://openalex.org/W2766332527", "https://openalex.org/W2766476288", "https://openalex.org/W2768887329", "https://openalex.org/W2776274148", "https://openalex.org/W2784655082", "https://openalex.org/W2785110060", "https://openalex.org/W2799721435", "https://openalex.org/W2892322660", "https://openalex.org/W2897276475", "https://openalex.org/W2901434495", "https://openalex.org/W2908275318", "https://openalex.org/W2913285742", "https://openalex.org/W2916891039", "https://openalex.org/W2945957160", "https://openalex.org/W2949174210", "https://openalex.org/W2969509786", "https://openalex.org/W2972211008", "https://openalex.org/W2980836567", "https://openalex.org/W3002895191", "https://openalex.org/W3105540415", "https://openalex.org/W4211033363", "https://openalex.org/W6678642881"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4393220254", "https://openalex.org/W4321258516", "https://openalex.org/W2051833850", "https://openalex.org/W4287845917", "https://openalex.org/W3156164993", "https://openalex.org/W2385015894", "https://openalex.org/W2171573941", "https://openalex.org/W3161089714", "https://openalex.org/W3133803716", "https://openalex.org/W4312732386"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Soft-bodied": [0], "aquatic": [1, 21, 60], "invertebrates,": [2], "such": [3, 19, 98], "as": [4, 99], "sea": [5, 77], "slugs": [6], "and": [7, 38, 49, 89, 103], "snails,": [8], "are": [9], "capable": [10], "of": [11, 18, 36, 42, 54, 120, 124, 129, 132], "diverse": [12, 94, 130], "locomotion": [13, 22, 73, 96], "modes": [14, 74, 131], "under": [15], "water.": [16], "Recapitulation": [17], "multimodal": [20], "in": [23, 32, 58, 68, 126], "small-scale": [24], "soft": [25, 55, 150], "robots": [26, 151], "is": [27], "challenging,": [28], "due": [29], "to": [30, 76], "difficulties": [31], "precise": [33], "spatiotemporal": [34, 111], "control": [35], "deformations": [37, 107], "inefficient": [39], "underwater": [40, 95, 135], "actuation": [41], "existing": [43], "stimuli-responsive": [44, 56], "materials.": [45], "Solving": [46], "this": [47], "challenge": [48], "devising": [50], "efficient": [51, 148], "untethered": [52, 149], "manipulation": [53], "materials": [57], "the": [59, 117, 121, 127], "environment": [61], "would": [62], "significantly": [63], "broaden": [64], "their": [65], "application": [66], "potential": [67], "biomedical": [69], "devices.": [70], "We": [71, 92, 137], "mimic": [72], "common": [75], "invertebrates": [78], "using": [79], "monolithic": [80], "liquid": [81], "crystal": [82], "gels": [83], "(LCGs)": [84], "with": [85], "inherent": [86], "light": [87, 112], "responsiveness": [88], "molecular": [90], "anisotropy.": [91], "elicit": [93], "modes,": [97], "crawling,": [100], "walking,": [101], "jumping,": [102], "swimming,": [104], "by": [105, 109], "local": [106], "induced": [108], "selective": [110], "illumination.": [113], "Our": [114], "results": [115, 141], "underpin": [116], "pivotal": [118], "role": [119], "physicomechanical": [122], "properties": [123], "LCGs": [125], "realization": [128], "light-driven": [133], "robotic": [134], "locomotion.": [136], "envisage": [138], "that": [139], "our": [140], "will": [142], "introduce": [143], "a": [144], "toolbox": [145], "for": [146, 152], "designing": [147], "fluidic": [153], "environments.": [154]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 52}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 64}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 64}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 66}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 72}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 28}], "updated_date": "2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3001946510", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201905966", "title": "Enlightening Materials with Photoswitches", "display_name": "Enlightening Materials with Photoswitches", "relevance_score": 34.6078, "publication_year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-01-24", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3001946510", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201905966", "mag": "3001946510", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31975456"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/adma.201905966", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201905966", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.201905966", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S99352657", "display_name": "Advanced Materials", "issn_l": "0935-9648", "issn": ["0935-9648", "1521-4095"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "datacite", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.201905966", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5004348251", "display_name": "Alexis Goulet\u2010Hanssens", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1382-532X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I39343248", "display_name": "Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin", "ror": "https://ror.org/01hcx6992", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210102767", "display_name": "DWI \u2013 Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials", "ror": "https://ror.org/0186h8060", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I315704651", "https://openalex.org/I4210102767"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I887968799", "display_name": "RWTH Aachen University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xfq0f34", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Alexis Goulet\u2010Hanssens", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DWI \u2010 Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials  Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany", "Department of Chemistry &amp; IRIS Adlershof Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Brook\u2010Taylor\u2010Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany", "Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University  Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Germany", "DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany", "Department of Chemistry &amp; IRIS Adlershof Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Brook\u2010Taylor\u2010Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DWI \u2010 Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials  Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210102767"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry &amp; IRIS Adlershof Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Brook\u2010Taylor\u2010Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University  Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210102767"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry &amp; IRIS Adlershof Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Brook\u2010Taylor\u2010Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055897378", "display_name": "Fabian Eisenreich", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5840-8952"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I39343248", "display_name": "Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin", "ror": "https://ror.org/01hcx6992", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210102767", "display_name": "DWI \u2013 Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials", "ror": "https://ror.org/0186h8060", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I315704651", "https://openalex.org/I4210102767"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I887968799", "display_name": "RWTH Aachen University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xfq0f34", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Fabian Eisenreich", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DWI \u2010 Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials  Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany", "Department of Chemistry &amp; IRIS Adlershof Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Brook\u2010Taylor\u2010Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany", "Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University  Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Germany", "DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany", "Department of Chemistry &amp; IRIS Adlershof Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Brook\u2010Taylor\u2010Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DWI \u2010 Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials  Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210102767"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry &amp; IRIS Adlershof Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Brook\u2010Taylor\u2010Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University  Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210102767"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry &amp; IRIS Adlershof Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Brook\u2010Taylor\u2010Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007052274", "display_name": "Stefan Hecht", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6124-0222"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I39343248", "display_name": "Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin", "ror": "https://ror.org/01hcx6992", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210102767", "display_name": "DWI \u2013 Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials", "ror": "https://ror.org/0186h8060", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I315704651", "https://openalex.org/I4210102767"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I887968799", "display_name": "RWTH Aachen University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xfq0f34", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Stefan Hecht", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DWI \u2010 Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials  Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany", "Department of Chemistry &amp; IRIS Adlershof Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Brook\u2010Taylor\u2010Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany", "Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University  Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Germany", "DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany", "Department of Chemistry &amp; IRIS Adlershof Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Brook\u2010Taylor\u2010Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6124-0222", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DWI \u2010 Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials  Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210102767"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry &amp; IRIS Adlershof Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Brook\u2010Taylor\u2010Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University  Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210102767"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry &amp; IRIS Adlershof Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Brook\u2010Taylor\u2010Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5004348251", "https://openalex.org/A5007052274", "https://openalex.org/A5055897378"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I39343248", "https://openalex.org/I4210102767", "https://openalex.org/I887968799"], "apc_list": {"value": 5250, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 5250}, "apc_paid": {"value": 5250, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 5250}, "fwci": 25.7359, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 565, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99889991, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 90, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "32", "issue": "20", "first_page": "e1905966", "last_page": "e1905966"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11708", "display_name": "Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11708", "display_name": "Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12236", "display_name": "Photoreceptor and optogenetics research", "score": 0.9581999778747559, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2804", "display_name": "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14318", "display_name": "Polydiacetylene-based materials and applications", "score": 0.9465000033378601, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1605", "display_name": "Organic Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.8033341765403748}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.6207250952720642}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.8033341765403748}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.6207250952720642}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 7, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1002/adma.201905966", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201905966", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.201905966", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S99352657", "display_name": "Advanced Materials", "issn_l": "0935-9648", "issn": ["0935-9648", "1521-4095"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:31975456", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31975456", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire/0fcdb14b-5e0e-452b-8f1c-92c5f01f055d", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/0fcdb14b-5e0e-452b-8f1c-92c5f01f055d", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4406922641", "display_name": "TU/e Research Portal", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Goulet-Hanssens, A, Eisenreich, F & Hecht, S 2020, 'Enlightening materials with photoswitches', Advanced Materials, vol. 32, no. 20, 1905966. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201905966", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:788856", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/788856", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401033", "display_name": "RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I887968799", "host_organization_name": "RWTH Aachen University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Advanced materials 32(20), 1905966 (2020). doi:10.1002/adma.201905966 special issue: \"Special Issue:From Responsive Materials to Interactive Materials\"", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/0fcdb14b-5e0e-452b-8f1c-92c5f01f055d", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85078780475&partnerID=8YFLogxK", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4406922641", "display_name": "TU/e Research Portal", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Goulet-Hanssens, A, Eisenreich, F & Hecht, S 2020, 'Enlightening materials with photoswitches', Advanced Materials, vol. 32, no. 20, 1905966. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201905966", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}, {"id": "pmh:tue:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/0fcdb14b-5e0e-452b-8f1c-92c5f01f055d", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/0fcdb14b-5e0e-452b-8f1c-92c5f01f055d", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401843", "display_name": "Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1322597698", "host_organization_name": "Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Materials, 32(20):1905966. Wiley-VCH Verlag", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}, {"id": "doi:10.18154/rwth-2020-04810", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.18154/rwth-2020-04810", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401033", "display_name": "RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I887968799", "host_organization_name": "RWTH Aachen University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article-journal"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/adma.201905966", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201905966", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.201905966", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S99352657", "display_name": "Advanced Materials", "issn_l": "0935-9648", "issn": ["0935-9648", "1521-4095"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.5600000023841858, "display_name": "Sustainable cities and communities", "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320308269", "display_name": "Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung", "ror": "https://ror.org/012kf4317"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321747", "display_name": "Fonds Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies", "ror": "https://ror.org/00b9f9778"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3001946510.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3001946510.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 166, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W863220843", "https://openalex.org/W1603983447", "https://openalex.org/W1755173433", "https://openalex.org/W1799793237", "https://openalex.org/W1824834358", "https://openalex.org/W1847510314", "https://openalex.org/W1904457290", "https://openalex.org/W1964292638", "https://openalex.org/W1985264341", "https://openalex.org/W1986883628", "https://openalex.org/W1987286985", "https://openalex.org/W1996004329", "https://openalex.org/W1998506213", "https://openalex.org/W1998971107", "https://openalex.org/W1999863179", "https://openalex.org/W2003204040", "https://openalex.org/W2004265232", "https://openalex.org/W2004922260", "https://openalex.org/W2011589908", "https://openalex.org/W2016643406", "https://openalex.org/W2021516045", "https://openalex.org/W2021977017", "https://openalex.org/W2027325183", "https://openalex.org/W2032758048", "https://openalex.org/W2033515074", "https://openalex.org/W2034693427", "https://openalex.org/W2049749817", "https://openalex.org/W2050078897", "https://openalex.org/W2051271699", "https://openalex.org/W2058522275", "https://openalex.org/W2059205902", "https://openalex.org/W2060035492", "https://openalex.org/W2074603078", "https://openalex.org/W2080721874", "https://openalex.org/W2081731065", "https://openalex.org/W2084338236", "https://openalex.org/W2090797725", "https://openalex.org/W2098153649", "https://openalex.org/W2103819352", "https://openalex.org/W2107602208", "https://openalex.org/W2109004707", "https://openalex.org/W2113085068", "https://openalex.org/W2114718417", "https://openalex.org/W2118859363", "https://openalex.org/W2119023629", "https://openalex.org/W2120882493", "https://openalex.org/W2124639181", "https://openalex.org/W2132047977", "https://openalex.org/W2135132529", "https://openalex.org/W2135311871", "https://openalex.org/W2143780909", "https://openalex.org/W2144008687", "https://openalex.org/W2145433313", "https://openalex.org/W2148510145", "https://openalex.org/W2148734015", "https://openalex.org/W2151110168", "https://openalex.org/W2154649519", "https://openalex.org/W2156824383", "https://openalex.org/W2159077448", "https://openalex.org/W2159167108", "https://openalex.org/W2159587987", "https://openalex.org/W2167932834", "https://openalex.org/W2169198664", "https://openalex.org/W2174634173", "https://openalex.org/W2182006775", "https://openalex.org/W2183002639", "https://openalex.org/W2202808081", "https://openalex.org/W2219969974", "https://openalex.org/W2238578784", "https://openalex.org/W2256853690", "https://openalex.org/W2269122661", "https://openalex.org/W2285898182", "https://openalex.org/W2289521663", "https://openalex.org/W2298029101", "https://openalex.org/W2298724722", "https://openalex.org/W2310430933", "https://openalex.org/W2313670754", "https://openalex.org/W2314219468", "https://openalex.org/W2318921584", "https://openalex.org/W2318957155", "https://openalex.org/W2319228557", "https://openalex.org/W2319520381", "https://openalex.org/W2321300708", "https://openalex.org/W2322612119", "https://openalex.org/W2323133400", "https://openalex.org/W2324236093", "https://openalex.org/W2325025064", "https://openalex.org/W2327472294", "https://openalex.org/W2329829739", "https://openalex.org/W2330565354", "https://openalex.org/W2332032229", "https://openalex.org/W2333685671", "https://openalex.org/W2334688998", "https://openalex.org/W2340721116", "https://openalex.org/W2342025559", "https://openalex.org/W2342994292", "https://openalex.org/W2346901757", "https://openalex.org/W2398948000", "https://openalex.org/W2405346495", "https://openalex.org/W2405458636", "https://openalex.org/W2407041626", "https://openalex.org/W2414485309", "https://openalex.org/W2435646143", "https://openalex.org/W2443079762", "https://openalex.org/W2460195810", "https://openalex.org/W2461708328", "https://openalex.org/W2462105338", "https://openalex.org/W2463831991", "https://openalex.org/W2475585371", "https://openalex.org/W2482868952", "https://openalex.org/W2503953373", "https://openalex.org/W2508529554", "https://openalex.org/W2527573921", "https://openalex.org/W2531415196", "https://openalex.org/W2566685601", "https://openalex.org/W2566843333", "https://openalex.org/W2567019329", "https://openalex.org/W2571557373", "https://openalex.org/W2577677773", "https://openalex.org/W2586626210", "https://openalex.org/W2587481715", "https://openalex.org/W2600030158", "https://openalex.org/W2604416598", "https://openalex.org/W2616326502", "https://openalex.org/W2620244975", "https://openalex.org/W2622630997", "https://openalex.org/W2629879688", "https://openalex.org/W2642972369", "https://openalex.org/W2733803717", "https://openalex.org/W2736085978", "https://openalex.org/W2741597689", "https://openalex.org/W2742212251", "https://openalex.org/W2746296756", "https://openalex.org/W2750958927", "https://openalex.org/W2752522940", "https://openalex.org/W2755463012", "https://openalex.org/W2767831471", "https://openalex.org/W2770327831", "https://openalex.org/W2773471129", "https://openalex.org/W2803040559", "https://openalex.org/W2803274993", "https://openalex.org/W2805563315", "https://openalex.org/W2810848319", "https://openalex.org/W2889367739", "https://openalex.org/W2890240074", "https://openalex.org/W2897033536", "https://openalex.org/W2901915837", "https://openalex.org/W2904939548", "https://openalex.org/W2905029001", "https://openalex.org/W2910742127", "https://openalex.org/W2912430808", "https://openalex.org/W2914016804", "https://openalex.org/W2914266037", "https://openalex.org/W2925785154", "https://openalex.org/W2939861864", "https://openalex.org/W2943085017", "https://openalex.org/W2946570483", "https://openalex.org/W2952005831", "https://openalex.org/W2967733568", "https://openalex.org/W2969394706", "https://openalex.org/W2978314983", "https://openalex.org/W3106185196", "https://openalex.org/W4233802187", "https://openalex.org/W4233804055", "https://openalex.org/W4241853147", "https://openalex.org/W4250775403"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2016187641", "https://openalex.org/W2805339068", "https://openalex.org/W4246450666", "https://openalex.org/W4388998267", "https://openalex.org/W2898370298", "https://openalex.org/W2137437058", "https://openalex.org/W4390401159", "https://openalex.org/W2744391499", "https://openalex.org/W2800070131"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Incorporating": [0], "molecular": [1, 53], "photoswitches": [2], "into": [3], "various": [4], "materials": [5, 74, 84, 146], "provides": [6], "unique": [7], "opportunities": [8], "for": [9], "controlling": [10], "their": [11], "properties": [12], "and": [13, 25, 48, 58, 104, 110, 137, 142, 147], "functions": [14], "with": [15, 85], "high": [16], "spatiotemporal": [17], "resolution": [18], "using": [19], "remote": [20], "optical": [21], "stimuli.": [22], "The": [23], "great": [24], "largely": [26], "still": [27], "untapped": [28], "potential": [29, 115], "of": [30, 72, 89, 126, 140], "these": [31], "photoresponsive": [32], "systems": [33, 148], "has": [34], "not": [35], "yet": [36], "been": [37], "fully": [38], "exploited": [39], "due": [40], "to": [41, 55, 79, 107], "the": [42, 52, 66, 70, 90, 97, 122, 127, 132, 134], "fundamental": [43], "challenges": [44], "in": [45, 69, 121, 131], "harnessing": [46], "geometrical": [47], "electronic": [49], "changes": [50], "on": [51], "level": [54], "modulate": [56], "macroscopic": [57], "bulk": [59], "material": [60], "properties.": [61], "Herein,": [62], "progress": [63], "made": [64], "during": [65], "past": [67], "decade": [68], "field": [71], "photoswitchable": [73, 92], "is": [75], "highlighted.": [76], "After": [77], "pointing": [78], "some": [80, 114], "general": [81], "design": [82], "principles,": [83], "an": [86], "increasing": [87], "order": [88], "integrated": [91], "units": [93], "are": [94, 118, 149], "discussed,": [95], "spanning": [96], "range": [98], "from": [99], "amorphous": [100], "settings": [101], "over": [102], "surfaces/interfaces": [103], "supramolecular": [105], "ensembles,": [106], "liquid": [108], "crystalline": [109, 111], "phases.": [112], "Finally,": [113], "future": [116, 135], "directions": [117], "pointed": [119], "out": [120], "conclusion.": [123], "In": [124], "view": [125], "exciting": [128], "recent": [129], "achievements": [130], "field,": [133], "emergence": [136], "further": [138], "development": [139], "light-driven": [141], "optically": [143], "programmable": [144], "(inter)active": [145], "eagerly": [150], "anticipated.": [151]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 34}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 99}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 115}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 104}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 96}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 77}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 39}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1}], "updated_date": "2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923", "created_date": "2020-01-30T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3039020356", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202001000", "title": "Direct Ink Writing Based 4D Printing of Materials and Their Applications", "display_name": "Direct Ink Writing Based 4D Printing of Materials and Their Applications", "relevance_score": 34.205826, "publication_year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-06-29", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3039020356", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202001000", "mag": "3039020356", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32832355"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/advs.202001000", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202001000", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/advs.202001000", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2737737698", "display_name": "Advanced Science", "issn_l": "2198-3844", "issn": ["2198-3844"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/advs.202001000", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018255119", "display_name": "Xue Wan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-7513"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204983213", "display_name": "Harbin Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yqg2h08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xue Wan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin 150080 P. R. China", "Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080 P. R. China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin 150080 P. R. China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080 P. R. China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113048964", "display_name": "Lan Luo", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204983213", "display_name": "Harbin Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yqg2h08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lan Luo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin 150080 P. R. China", "Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080 P. R. China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin 150080 P. R. China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080 P. R. China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100773263", "display_name": "Yanju Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8269-1594"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204983213", "display_name": "Harbin Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yqg2h08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yanju Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin 150001 P. R. China", "Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 P. R. China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin 150001 P. R. China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 P. R. China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5054466861", "display_name": "Jinsong Leng", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5098-9871"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204983213", "display_name": "Harbin Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yqg2h08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jinsong Leng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin 150080 P. R. China", "Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080 P. R. China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5098-9871", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin 150080 P. R. China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080 P. R. China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5054466861"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"], "apc_list": {"value": 5000, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 5000}, "apc_paid": {"value": 5000, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 5000}, "fwci": 20.1078, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 314, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99836829, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 97, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "7", "issue": "16", "first_page": "2001000", "last_page": "2001000"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9980999827384949, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9980999827384949, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10783", "display_name": "Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies", "score": 0.9962999820709229, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2203", "display_name": "Automotive Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10810", "display_name": "Polymer composites and self-healing", "score": 0.9940999746322632, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2507", "display_name": "Polymers and Plastics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/inkwell", "display_name": "Inkwell", "score": 0.7789143323898315}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing", "display_name": "3D printing", "score": 0.5291056036949158}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.4957645833492279}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.4193831980228424}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.385689377784729}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering", "display_name": "Process engineering", "score": 0.34199637174606323}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.18853455781936646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material", "display_name": "Composite material", "score": 0.1712701916694641}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C109693293", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496072", "display_name": "Inkwell", "level": 2, "score": 0.7789143323898315}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C524769229", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367", "display_name": "3D printing", "level": 2, "score": 0.5291056036949158}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4957645833492279}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4193831980228424}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.385689377784729}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C21880701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042", "display_name": "Process engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.34199637174606323}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.18853455781936646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790", "display_name": "Composite material", "level": 1, "score": 0.1712701916694641}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1002/advs.202001000", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202001000", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/advs.202001000", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2737737698", "display_name": "Advanced Science", "issn_l": "2198-3844", "issn": ["2198-3844"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:32832355", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32832355", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:89edcabd4ff441c7a18025a56cd1095a", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/89edcabd4ff441c7a18025a56cd1095a", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Science, Vol 7, Iss 16, Pp n/a-n/a (2020)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7435246", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7435246", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Adv Sci (Weinh)", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/advs.202001000", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202001000", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/advs.202001000", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2737737698", "display_name": "Advanced Science", "issn_l": "2198-3844", "issn": ["2198-3844"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advanced Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.6600000262260437, "display_name": "Industry, innovation and infrastructure", "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G4262711247", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "11672086", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4645777485", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "11632005", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3039020356.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3039020356.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 150, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1844162954", "https://openalex.org/W1965652739", "https://openalex.org/W1970404992", "https://openalex.org/W1970882658", "https://openalex.org/W1985847842", "https://openalex.org/W1990633676", "https://openalex.org/W1992537421", "https://openalex.org/W1995747866", "https://openalex.org/W1997293796", "https://openalex.org/W1999619636", "https://openalex.org/W2006021792", "https://openalex.org/W2009585827", "https://openalex.org/W2017545194", "https://openalex.org/W2024741441", "https://openalex.org/W2025056376", "https://openalex.org/W2026979966", "https://openalex.org/W2029413205", "https://openalex.org/W2045022361", "https://openalex.org/W2048040369", "https://openalex.org/W2048644480", "https://openalex.org/W2050280377", "https://openalex.org/W2051361651", "https://openalex.org/W2060645556", "https://openalex.org/W2062333922", "https://openalex.org/W2080574972", "https://openalex.org/W2089123823", "https://openalex.org/W2094630803", "https://openalex.org/W2097925802", "https://openalex.org/W2102591918", "https://openalex.org/W2103979104", "https://openalex.org/W2104124155", "https://openalex.org/W2108029030", "https://openalex.org/W2109494119", "https://openalex.org/W2122701995", "https://openalex.org/W2135817884", "https://openalex.org/W2140384790", "https://openalex.org/W2142721422", "https://openalex.org/W2152372923", "https://openalex.org/W2153451628", "https://openalex.org/W2155943302", "https://openalex.org/W2159735565", "https://openalex.org/W2162021515", "https://openalex.org/W2165908894", "https://openalex.org/W2176655155", "https://openalex.org/W2218190479", "https://openalex.org/W2219253321", "https://openalex.org/W2266720690", "https://openalex.org/W2269625303", "https://openalex.org/W2278145036", "https://openalex.org/W2310499923", "https://openalex.org/W2325751964", "https://openalex.org/W2338037759", "https://openalex.org/W2342974502", "https://openalex.org/W2346885928", "https://openalex.org/W2396538397", "https://openalex.org/W2438087508", "https://openalex.org/W2466076765", "https://openalex.org/W2467345052", "https://openalex.org/W2481013257", "https://openalex.org/W2524876416", "https://openalex.org/W2557679828", "https://openalex.org/W2560691721", "https://openalex.org/W2560786562", "https://openalex.org/W2566108777", "https://openalex.org/W2566290516", "https://openalex.org/W2581296215", "https://openalex.org/W2584204882", "https://openalex.org/W2586241160", "https://openalex.org/W2586702002", "https://openalex.org/W2586818463", "https://openalex.org/W2588614454", "https://openalex.org/W2594832926", "https://openalex.org/W2603715591", "https://openalex.org/W2605049395", "https://openalex.org/W2605385022", "https://openalex.org/W2605898329", "https://openalex.org/W2611333474", "https://openalex.org/W2614801095", "https://openalex.org/W2622572635", "https://openalex.org/W2622825478", "https://openalex.org/W2719477690", "https://openalex.org/W2725412839", "https://openalex.org/W2726969371", "https://openalex.org/W2730606267", "https://openalex.org/W2735748288", "https://openalex.org/W2737203787", "https://openalex.org/W2754877851", "https://openalex.org/W2758231580", "https://openalex.org/W2761732384", "https://openalex.org/W2762910432", "https://openalex.org/W2765442467", "https://openalex.org/W2765687759", "https://openalex.org/W2770149524", "https://openalex.org/W2770439318", "https://openalex.org/W2771751522", "https://openalex.org/W2772417212", "https://openalex.org/W2774528491", "https://openalex.org/W2784033758", "https://openalex.org/W2785997032", "https://openalex.org/W2790060775", "https://openalex.org/W2790554408", "https://openalex.org/W2791272065", "https://openalex.org/W2792366853", "https://openalex.org/W2794672441", "https://openalex.org/W2795484251", "https://openalex.org/W2796817337", "https://openalex.org/W2801458905", "https://openalex.org/W2805926569", "https://openalex.org/W2826194452", "https://openalex.org/W2838936317", "https://openalex.org/W2886828013", "https://openalex.org/W2888305244", "https://openalex.org/W2889679309", "https://openalex.org/W2890382037", "https://openalex.org/W2891130751", "https://openalex.org/W2892215706", "https://openalex.org/W2895785640", "https://openalex.org/W2896838232", "https://openalex.org/W2897750711", "https://openalex.org/W2898898012", "https://openalex.org/W2902013963", "https://openalex.org/W2902985912", "https://openalex.org/W2912669267", "https://openalex.org/W2916729850", "https://openalex.org/W2920729638", "https://openalex.org/W2938888883", "https://openalex.org/W2939064910", "https://openalex.org/W2940295355", "https://openalex.org/W2942796015", "https://openalex.org/W2944802031", "https://openalex.org/W2945140164", "https://openalex.org/W2946563245", "https://openalex.org/W2951730594", "https://openalex.org/W2952332352", "https://openalex.org/W2953607316", "https://openalex.org/W2955251249", "https://openalex.org/W2968672200", "https://openalex.org/W2969009791", "https://openalex.org/W2969912344", "https://openalex.org/W2969922827", "https://openalex.org/W2972943692", "https://openalex.org/W2978155273", "https://openalex.org/W2980611192", "https://openalex.org/W2981163185", "https://openalex.org/W2982988892", "https://openalex.org/W2984784701", "https://openalex.org/W3021535091", "https://openalex.org/W3039020356", "https://openalex.org/W3142999281", "https://openalex.org/W4241606075"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2326635610", "https://openalex.org/W2508766897", "https://openalex.org/W2016187641", "https://openalex.org/W2805339068", "https://openalex.org/W2371758386", "https://openalex.org/W4246450666", "https://openalex.org/W4388998267", "https://openalex.org/W2898370298", "https://openalex.org/W2137437058"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"4D": [0, 31, 48, 71, 98, 160], "printing": [1, 49, 55, 99, 110, 161], "has": [2], "attracted": [3], "academic": [4], "interest": [5], "in": [6, 120, 144], "the": [7, 20, 30, 51, 57, 63, 73, 91, 95, 148, 154], "recent": [8], "years": [9], "because": [10], "it": [11], "endows": [12], "static": [13], "printed": [14, 32], "structures": [15], "with": [16, 19, 56], "dynamic": [17], "properties": [18, 28], "change": [21], "of": [22, 29, 53, 60, 88, 97, 108], "time.": [23, 61], "The": [24, 106], "shapes,": [25], "functionalities,": [26], "or": [27], "objects": [33], "could": [34], "alter": [35], "under": [36], "various": [37, 86], "stimuli": [38], "such": [39], "as": [40], "heat,": [41], "light,": [42], "electric,": [43], "and": [44, 114, 137, 157], "magnetic": [45], "field.": [46], "Briefly,": [47], "is": [50], "development": [52], "3D": [54], "fourth": [58], "dimension": [59], "Among": [62], "fabrication": [64], "techniques": [65], "that": [66], "have": [67, 126], "been": [68, 127], "employed": [69], "for": [70, 85, 177], "printing,": [72], "direct": [74, 101, 164], "ink": [75, 102, 165], "writing": [76, 103, 166], "technique": [77], "shows": [78], "superiority": [79], "due": [80], "to": [81, 129, 151, 171], "its": [82], "open": [83, 173], "source": [84], "types": [87, 107], "materials.": [89], "Herein,": [90], "state-of-the-art": [92], "achievements": [93], "about": [94], "topic": [96], "through": [100], "are": [104, 118, 167], "summarized.": [105], "materials,": [109, 131], "strategies,": [111], "actuated": [112], "methods,": [113], "their": [115], "potential": [116], "applications": [117], "discussed": [119], "detail.": [121], "To": [122], "date,": [123], "most": [124], "efforts": [125], "devoted": [128], "shape-shifting": [130], "including": [132], "shape": [133], "memory": [134], "polymers,": [135], "hydrogels,": [136], "liquid": [138], "crystal": [139], "elastomers,": [140], "showing": [141], "great": [142], "prospects": [143], "areas": [145], "ranging": [146], "from": [147], "biomedical": [149], "field": [150], "robotics.": [152], "Finally,": [153], "current": [155], "challenges": [156], "outlook": [158], "toward": [159], "based": [162], "on": [163], "also": [168], "pointed": [169], "out": [170], "leave": [172], "a": [174], "significant": [175], "space": [176], "future": [178], "innovation.": [179]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 79}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 61}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 66}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 58}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 35}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4}], "updated_date": "2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2972310391", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12044-5", "title": "Multi-stimuli-responsive programmable biomimetic actuator", "display_name": "Multi-stimuli-responsive programmable biomimetic actuator", "relevance_score": 33.520786, "publication_year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-09-09", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2972310391", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12044-5", "mag": "2972310391", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31501430"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12044-5", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12044-5", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12044-5.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12044-5.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5014017044", "display_name": "Yue Dong", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1889-6082"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "display_name": "Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c9ncn37", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yue Dong", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005671772", "display_name": "Jie Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2223-5794"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "display_name": "Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c9ncn37", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["CN", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jie Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA", "Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109065554", "display_name": "Xu-Kui GUO", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "display_name": "Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c9ncn37", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xukui Guo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058504078", "display_name": "Shanshan Yang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-9325"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "display_name": "Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c9ncn37", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Shanshan Yang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080664237", "display_name": "Mehmet Ozg\u00fcn Ozen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4578-2598"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mehmet Ozgun Ozen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100676478", "display_name": "Peng Chen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7120-1577"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "display_name": "Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c9ncn37", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Peng Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100352317", "display_name": "Xin Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-6458"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "display_name": "Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c9ncn37", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xin Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101537247", "display_name": "Wei Du", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4039-8108"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "display_name": "Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c9ncn37", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wei Du", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068664209", "display_name": "Fei Xiao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7081-1998"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Fei Xiao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5072423832", "display_name": "Utkan Demirci", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2784-1590"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210137306", "display_name": "Stanford Medicine", "ror": "https://ror.org/03mtd9a03", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210137306", "https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Utkan Demirci", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. utkan@stanford.edu", "Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2784-1590", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. utkan@stanford.edu", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004", "https://openalex.org/I4210137306"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5046017564", "display_name": "Bi\u2010Feng Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2135-0873"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "display_name": "Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c9ncn37", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bi-Feng Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. bfliu@mail.hust.edu.cn", "Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2135-0873", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. bfliu@mail.hust.edu.cn", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 11, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5014017044"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "https://openalex.org/I47720641"], "apc_list": {"value": 3920, "currency": "GBP", "value_usd": 4808}, "apc_paid": {"value": 3920, "currency": "GBP", "value_usd": 4808}, "fwci": 23.1182, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 360, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.9987221, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 94, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "10", "issue": "1", "first_page": "4087", "last_page": "4087"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10338", "display_name": "Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11486", "display_name": "Micro and Nano Robotics", "score": 0.9984999895095825, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3104", "display_name": "Condensed Matter Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator", "display_name": "Actuator", "score": 0.8969649076461792}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biomimetics", "display_name": "Biomimetics", "score": 0.6187923550605774}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.5062231421470642}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5025990009307861}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/robot", "display_name": "Robot", "score": 0.48252245783805847}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.4040694534778595}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.23043113946914673}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C172707124", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488", "display_name": "Actuator", "level": 2, "score": 0.8969649076461792}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C165062768", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145644", "display_name": "Biomimetics", "level": 2, "score": 0.6187923550605774}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5062231421470642}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5025990009307861}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C90509273", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012", "display_name": "Robot", "level": 2, "score": 0.48252245783805847}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4040694534778595}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.23043113946914673}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D006108", "descriptor_name": "Graphite", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006108", "descriptor_name": "Graphite", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006108", "descriptor_name": "Graphite", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011108", "descriptor_name": "Polymers", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011108", "descriptor_name": "Polymers", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011108", "descriptor_name": "Polymers", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011758", "descriptor_name": "Pyrroles", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011758", "descriptor_name": "Pyrroles", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011758", "descriptor_name": "Pyrroles", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012371", "descriptor_name": "Robotics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012371", "descriptor_name": "Robotics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012371", "descriptor_name": "Robotics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D032701", "descriptor_name": "Biomimetics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000295", "qualifier_name": "instrumentation", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D032701", "descriptor_name": "Biomimetics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000295", "qualifier_name": "instrumentation", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D032701", "descriptor_name": "Biomimetics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000295", "qualifier_name": "instrumentation", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 6, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12044-5", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12044-5", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12044-5.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:31501430", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31501430", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature communications", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:natcom:v:10:y:2019:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-019-12044-5", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12044-5", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I77793887", "host_organization_name": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I77793887"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:043a1a78d98c466b8e87603bbc93619d", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/043a1a78d98c466b8e87603bbc93619d", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2019)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3e7fe30197514b439b18cba9daa14556", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/3e7fe30197514b439b18cba9daa14556", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2019)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6733902", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6733902", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nat Commun", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12044-5", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12044-5", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12044-5.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G1033635066", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "31700746", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6890487056", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "31870856", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7185081970", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "31471257", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7820185475", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2017YFA0700403", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335787", "funder_display_name": "Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8109408528", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2016YXZD061", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335787", "funder_display_name": "Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8224396481", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "21775049", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335787", "display_name": "Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities", "ror": null}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2972310391.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2972310391.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 69, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1722390130", "https://openalex.org/W1851542016", "https://openalex.org/W1852623395", "https://openalex.org/W1991690655", "https://openalex.org/W1993966058", "https://openalex.org/W2003204040", "https://openalex.org/W2004512852", "https://openalex.org/W2005200966", "https://openalex.org/W2017365973", "https://openalex.org/W2019460060", "https://openalex.org/W2021540635", "https://openalex.org/W2022731012", "https://openalex.org/W2022956609", "https://openalex.org/W2026789174", "https://openalex.org/W2027349452", "https://openalex.org/W2030976149", "https://openalex.org/W2033996942", "https://openalex.org/W2054415570", "https://openalex.org/W2061138758", "https://openalex.org/W2064396875", "https://openalex.org/W2067599426", "https://openalex.org/W2074653091", "https://openalex.org/W2075203850", "https://openalex.org/W2080135915", "https://openalex.org/W2087917808", "https://openalex.org/W2091797644", "https://openalex.org/W2099045194", "https://openalex.org/W2101132776", "https://openalex.org/W2101312334", "https://openalex.org/W2101977779", "https://openalex.org/W2106511601", "https://openalex.org/W2115412172", "https://openalex.org/W2128358876", "https://openalex.org/W2136136182", "https://openalex.org/W2143256678", "https://openalex.org/W2148213582", "https://openalex.org/W2177829559", "https://openalex.org/W2183308536", "https://openalex.org/W2215119525", "https://openalex.org/W2216866721", "https://openalex.org/W2257184309", "https://openalex.org/W2266720690", "https://openalex.org/W2299165362", "https://openalex.org/W2305688649", "https://openalex.org/W2330718237", "https://openalex.org/W2471594003", "https://openalex.org/W2481043928", "https://openalex.org/W2490835233", "https://openalex.org/W2496835252", "https://openalex.org/W2519944552", "https://openalex.org/W2520126383", "https://openalex.org/W2521407201", "https://openalex.org/W2524901584", "https://openalex.org/W2530942020", "https://openalex.org/W2533416651", "https://openalex.org/W2543828283", "https://openalex.org/W2552421717", "https://openalex.org/W2564130887", "https://openalex.org/W2565556643", "https://openalex.org/W2567409840", "https://openalex.org/W2586319151", "https://openalex.org/W2587481715", "https://openalex.org/W2589185314", "https://openalex.org/W2773101223", "https://openalex.org/W2792713878", "https://openalex.org/W2793736832", "https://openalex.org/W2904769004", "https://openalex.org/W2950085179", "https://openalex.org/W4232925781"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2012995867", "https://openalex.org/W2410775454", "https://openalex.org/W3015582614", "https://openalex.org/W2765495093", "https://openalex.org/W3123515255", "https://openalex.org/W102508450", "https://openalex.org/W4246450666", "https://openalex.org/W4388998267", "https://openalex.org/W2898370298", "https://openalex.org/W2275441459"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Untethered": [0], "small": [1], "actuators": [2, 12, 138], "have": [3], "various": [4], "applications": [5], "in": [6, 16], "multiple": [7], "fields.": [8], "However,": [9], "existing": [10], "small-scale": [11, 127, 137], "are": [13, 31, 130], "very": [14], "limited": [15], "their": [17, 20, 120], "intractability": [18], "with": [19, 79], "surroundings,": [21], "respond": [22, 50], "to": [23, 33, 51, 74, 100, 123, 132, 142], "only": [24], "a": [25, 44, 66, 76, 83, 98, 102, 116], "single": [26], "type": [27], "of": [28, 97, 115], "stimulus": [29], "and": [30, 54, 68, 108, 111, 126, 145, 147], "unable": [32], "achieve": [34], "programmable": [35, 57, 91], "structural": [36, 58], "changes": [37], "under": [38], "different": [39], "stimuli.": [40], "Here,": [41], "we": [42], "present": [43], "multiresponsive": [45], "patternable": [46], "actuator": [47, 78, 92], "that": [48, 71, 129], "can": [49, 93, 139], "humidity,": [52], "temperature": [53], "light,": [55], "via": [56], "changes.": [59], "This": [60], "capability": [61], "is": [62], "uniquely": [63], "achieved": [64], "by": [65, 87], "fast": [67], "facile": [69], "method": [70], "was": [72], "used": [73, 131], "fabricate": [75], "smart": [77], "precise": [80], "patterning": [81], "on": [82, 119], "graphene": [84], "oxide": [85], "film": [86], "hydrogel": [88], "microstamping.": [89], "The": [90], "mimic": [94], "the": [95, 113, 124], "claw": [96], "hawk": [99], "grab": [101, 112], "block,": [103], "crawl": [104], "like": [105], "an": [106], "inchworm,": [107], "twine": [109], "around": [110], "rachis": [114], "flower": [117], "based": [118], "geometry.": [121], "Similar": [122], "large-": [125], "robots": [128], "study": [133, 143], "locomotion": [134], "mechanics,": [135], "these": [136], "be": [140], "employed": [141], "movement": [144], "biological": [146], "living": [148], "organisms.": [149]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 46}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 68}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 78}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 55}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 67}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 32}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2}], "updated_date": "2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3115783139", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21577-7", "title": "Ultrarobust, tough and highly stretchable self-healing materials based on cartilage-inspired noncovalent assembly nanostructure", "display_name": "Ultrarobust, tough and highly stretchable self-healing materials based on cartilage-inspired noncovalent assembly nanostructure", "relevance_score": 33.252502, "publication_year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-02-26", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3115783139", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21577-7", "mag": "3115783139", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33637743"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21577-7", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21577-7", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21577-7.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21577-7.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100677215", "display_name": "Yuyan Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-7103"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I24185976", "display_name": "Sichuan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/011ashp19", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yuyan Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5114041546", "display_name": "Xin Huang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9409-3921"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I24185976", "display_name": "Sichuan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/011ashp19", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xin Huang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100678247", "display_name": "Xinxing Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7468-3006"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I24185976", "display_name": "Sichuan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/011ashp19", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210115277", "display_name": "Ingenierie des Materiaux polymeres", "ror": "https://ror.org/02160my55", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I100532134", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I203339264", "https://openalex.org/I203339264", "https://openalex.org/I203339264", "https://openalex.org/I4210115277", "https://openalex.org/I4210128300", "https://openalex.org/I4405259976", "https://openalex.org/I48430043"]}], "countries": ["CN", "FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xinxing Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. xxzwwh@scu.edu.cn", "State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7468-3006", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. xxzwwh@scu.edu.cn", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210115277"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5100677215"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24185976"], "apc_list": {"value": 3920, "currency": "GBP", "value_usd": 4808}, "apc_paid": {"value": 3920, "currency": "GBP", "value_usd": 4808}, "fwci": 33.2121, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 457, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99962666, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "12", "issue": "1", "first_page": "1291", "last_page": "1291"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10810", "display_name": "Polymer composites and self-healing", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2507", "display_name": "Polymers and Plastics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10810", "display_name": "Polymer composites and self-healing", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2507", "display_name": "Polymers and Plastics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10338", "display_name": "Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials", "score": 0.9990000128746033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14318", "display_name": "Polydiacetylene-based materials and applications", "score": 0.9984999895095825, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1605", "display_name": "Organic Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanostructure", "display_name": "Nanostructure", "score": 0.7861902713775635}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.608673095703125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cartilage", "display_name": "Cartilage", "score": 0.5581661462783813}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.5391882061958313}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/self-assembly", "display_name": "Self-assembly", "score": 0.47440361976623535}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/self-healing", "display_name": "Self-healing", "score": 0.41630759835243225}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.13290411233901978}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy", "display_name": "Anatomy", "score": 0.10539960861206055}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C186187911", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093894", "display_name": "Nanostructure", "level": 2, "score": 0.7861902713775635}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.608673095703125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780550940", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502730", "display_name": "Cartilage", "level": 2, "score": 0.5581661462783813}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5391882061958313}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26856880", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910150", "display_name": "Self-assembly", "level": 2, "score": 0.47440361976623535}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778210392", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412709", "display_name": "Self-healing", "level": 3, "score": 0.41630759835243225}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.13290411233901978}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105702510", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514", "display_name": "Anatomy", "level": 1, "score": 0.10539960861206055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504", "display_name": "Alternative medicine", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21577-7", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21577-7", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21577-7.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:33637743", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33637743", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature communications", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-21577-7", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21577-7", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I77793887", "host_organization_name": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I77793887"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dcf75c64c6ab4feaa121970f0e7594b5", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/dcf75c64c6ab4feaa121970f0e7594b5", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7910491", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7910491", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nat Commun", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21577-7", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21577-7", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21577-7.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G1388399249", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "51673121", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G2065887265", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2020YFC1909500", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335777", "funder_display_name": "National Key Research and Development Program of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3879090691", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "51873123", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4932483920", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Grant sklpme2019-2-20", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320326911", "funder_display_name": "State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6993577187", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "sklpme2019-2-20", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320326911", "funder_display_name": "State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322990", "display_name": "Sichuan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/011ashp19"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320326911", "display_name": "State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335777", "display_name": "National Key Research and Development Program of China", "ror": null}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3115783139.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3115783139.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 75, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1865976229", "https://openalex.org/W2013340404", "https://openalex.org/W2032337720", "https://openalex.org/W2045931865", "https://openalex.org/W2060449729", "https://openalex.org/W2064446848", "https://openalex.org/W2104735641", "https://openalex.org/W2107593951", "https://openalex.org/W2134580768", "https://openalex.org/W2137618050", "https://openalex.org/W2140282448", "https://openalex.org/W2336978545", "https://openalex.org/W2339191073", "https://openalex.org/W2440596567", "https://openalex.org/W2478929745", "https://openalex.org/W2527724341", "https://openalex.org/W2531128841", "https://openalex.org/W2559533966", "https://openalex.org/W2582146061", "https://openalex.org/W2606037183", "https://openalex.org/W2618173545", "https://openalex.org/W2722904846", "https://openalex.org/W2760118354", "https://openalex.org/W2770445867", "https://openalex.org/W2770952905", "https://openalex.org/W2771450085", "https://openalex.org/W2772753500", "https://openalex.org/W2777639606", "https://openalex.org/W2781533194", "https://openalex.org/W2784091620", "https://openalex.org/W2791987429", "https://openalex.org/W2793496869", "https://openalex.org/W2807338173", "https://openalex.org/W2808321435", "https://openalex.org/W2870374808", "https://openalex.org/W2885016622", "https://openalex.org/W2885763454", "https://openalex.org/W2887185274", "https://openalex.org/W2887576264", "https://openalex.org/W2898182072", "https://openalex.org/W2900552744", "https://openalex.org/W2903236462", "https://openalex.org/W2904769004", "https://openalex.org/W2910587892", "https://openalex.org/W2911269059", "https://openalex.org/W2911887105", "https://openalex.org/W2914916534", "https://openalex.org/W2937185262", "https://openalex.org/W2949306829", "https://openalex.org/W2958724239", "https://openalex.org/W2965026422", "https://openalex.org/W2966231031", "https://openalex.org/W2968993772", "https://openalex.org/W2969269122", "https://openalex.org/W2971447332", "https://openalex.org/W2972963309", "https://openalex.org/W2978307452", "https://openalex.org/W2982914837", "https://openalex.org/W2993763175", "https://openalex.org/W2998840182", "https://openalex.org/W3005776520", "https://openalex.org/W3010163827", "https://openalex.org/W3013661064", "https://openalex.org/W3026631721", "https://openalex.org/W3033370311", "https://openalex.org/W3035767355", "https://openalex.org/W3037086668", "https://openalex.org/W3042849878", "https://openalex.org/W3044745135", "https://openalex.org/W3101929953", "https://openalex.org/W3105982350", "https://openalex.org/W6665557109", "https://openalex.org/W6728745125", "https://openalex.org/W6732406436", "https://openalex.org/W6929445819"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2531643796", "https://openalex.org/W1996879913", "https://openalex.org/W2114373712", "https://openalex.org/W4389390685", "https://openalex.org/W2188099174", "https://openalex.org/W2949976054", "https://openalex.org/W1692056615", "https://openalex.org/W2904953314", "https://openalex.org/W2313674586", "https://openalex.org/W2047383301"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Abstract": [0], "Self-healing": [1], "materials": [2, 120, 159], "integrated": [3], "with": [4, 71], "excellent": [5, 75, 106], "mechanical": [6, 123], "strength": [7, 77], "and": [8, 57, 95, 105, 125], "simultaneously": [9], "high": [10, 42, 80, 102, 122], "healing": [11, 107, 126], "efficiency": [12, 108], "would": [13], "be": [14], "of": [15, 115, 141, 156], "great": [16], "use": [17], "in": [18], "many": [19], "fields,": [20], "however": [21], "their": [22], "fabrication": [23], "has": [24], "been": [25], "proven": [26], "extremely": [27], "challenging.": [28], "Here,": [29], "inspired": [30], "by": [31, 40], "biological": [32], "cartilage,": [33], "we": [34], "present": [35], "an": [36, 151], "ultrarobust": [37, 157], "self-healing": [38, 119, 158], "material": [39, 70], "incorporating": [41], "density": [43], "noncovalent": [44, 117], "bonds": [45], "at": [46], "the": [47, 50, 112, 132, 138, 142, 154], "interfaces": [48], "between": [49], "dentritic": [51], "tannic": [52], "acid-modified": [53], "tungsten": [54], "disulfide": [55], "nanosheets": [56], "polyurethane": [58], "matrix": [59], "to": [60], "collectively": [61], "produce": [62], "a": [63], "strong": [64], "interfacial": [65], "interaction.": [66], "The": [67], "resultant": [68, 143], "nanocomposite": [69], "interwoven": [72], "network": [73], "shows": [74], "tensile": [76], "(52.3": [78], "MPa),": [79], "toughness": [81], "(282.7": [82], "MJ": [83], "m": [84], "\u20123": [85], ",": [86], "which": [87, 110], "is": [88], "1.6": [89], "times": [90, 97], "higher": [91, 98], "than": [92, 99], "spider": [93], "silk": [94], "9.4": [96], "metallic": [100], "aluminum),": [101], "stretchability": [103], "(1020.8%)": [104], "(80\u2013100%),": [109], "overturns": [111], "previous": [113], "understanding": [114], "traditional": [116], "bonding": [118], "where": [121], "robustness": [124], "ability": [127, 140], "are": [128], "mutually": [129], "exclusive.": [130], "Moreover,": [131], "interfacical": [133], "supramolecular": [134], "crosslinking": [135], "structure": [136], "enables": [137], "functional-healing": [139], "flexible": [144, 162], "smart": [145], "actuation": [146], "devices.": [147, 164], "This": [148], "work": [149], "opens": [150], "avenue": [152], "toward": [153], "development": [155], "for": [160], "various": [161], "functional": [163]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 86}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 95}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 101}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 109}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 51}], "updated_date": "2026-05-18T08:16:58.900851", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3121409595", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-20931-z", "title": "Mechano-responsive hydrogen-bonding array of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer captures both strength and self-healing", "display_name": "Mechano-responsive hydrogen-bonding array of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer captures both strength and self-healing", "relevance_score": 33.037952, "publication_year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-01-27", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3121409595", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-20931-z", "mag": "3121409595", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33504800"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-021-20931-z", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-20931-z", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-20931-z.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-20931-z.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045271344", "display_name": "Youngho Eom", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I8991828", "display_name": "Pukyong National University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0433kqc49", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Youngho Eom", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101443185", "display_name": "Seon\u2010Mi Kim", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0540-048X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210151417", "display_name": "Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/043k4kk20", "country_code": "KR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Seon-Mi Kim", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5064977354", "display_name": "Minkyung Lee", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-4977"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210151417", "display_name": "Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/043k4kk20", "country_code": "KR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Minkyung Lee", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5087042685", "display_name": "Hyeonyeol Jeon", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9176-2913"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210151417", "display_name": "Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/043k4kk20", "country_code": "KR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hyeonyeol Jeon", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9176-2913", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5081514226", "display_name": "Jaeduk Park", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210151417", "display_name": "Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/043k4kk20", "country_code": "KR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I87111246", "display_name": "Catholic University of Korea", "ror": "https://ror.org/01fpnj063", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I87111246"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jaeduk Park", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. jypark@krict.re.kr", "Department of Biomedical Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea (CUK), Bucheon-si, 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea", "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. jypark@krict.re.kr"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. jypark@krict.re.kr", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea (CUK), Bucheon-si, 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I87111246"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. jypark@krict.re.kr", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101595357", "display_name": "Eun Seong Lee", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4087-2407"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I87111246", "display_name": "Catholic University of Korea", "ror": "https://ror.org/01fpnj063", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I87111246"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Eun Seong Lee", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea (CUK), Bucheon-si, 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea (CUK), Bucheon-si, 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I87111246"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055876831", "display_name": "Sung Yeon Hwang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4618-2132"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210151417", "display_name": "Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/043k4kk20", "country_code": "KR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sung Yeon Hwang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. crew75@krict.re.kr", "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. crew75@krict.re.kr", "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4618-2132", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. crew75@krict.re.kr", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. crew75@krict.re.kr", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035660410", "display_name": "Jeyoung Park", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-1597"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210151417", "display_name": "Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/043k4kk20", "country_code": "KR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I87111246", "display_name": "Catholic University of Korea", "ror": "https://ror.org/01fpnj063", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I87111246"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I88761825", "display_name": "Korea University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/000qzf213", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jeyoung Park", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. jypark@krict.re.kr", "Department of Biomedical Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea (CUK), Bucheon-si, 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea", "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. jypark@krict.re.kr", "Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea", "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-1597", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. jypark@krict.re.kr", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea (CUK), Bucheon-si, 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I87111246"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. jypark@krict.re.kr", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068541370", "display_name": "Dongyeop X. Oh", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3665-405X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210151417", "display_name": "Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/043k4kk20", "country_code": "KR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I88761825", "display_name": "Korea University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/000qzf213", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Dongyeop X. Oh", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. dongyeop@krict.re.kr", "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. dongyeop@krict.re.kr", "Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea", "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3665-405X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. dongyeop@krict.re.kr", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea. dongyeop@krict.re.kr", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210151417"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 9, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5045271344"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I8991828"], "apc_list": {"value": 3920, "currency": "GBP", "value_usd": 4808}, "apc_paid": {"value": 3920, "currency": "GBP", "value_usd": 4808}, "fwci": 23.3231, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 377, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99920665, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "12", "issue": "1", "first_page": "621", "last_page": "621"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10810", "display_name": "Polymer composites and self-healing", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2507", "display_name": "Polymers and Plastics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10810", "display_name": "Polymer composites and self-healing", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2507", "display_name": "Polymers and Plastics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10729", "display_name": "Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications", "score": 0.9958999752998352, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2502", "display_name": "Biomaterials"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14318", "display_name": "Polydiacetylene-based materials and applications", "score": 0.9951000213623047, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1605", "display_name": "Organic Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoplastic-polyurethane", "display_name": "Thermoplastic polyurethane", "score": 0.8279469013214111}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.7517894506454468}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material", "display_name": "Composite material", "score": 0.6148304343223572}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/elastomer", "display_name": "Elastomer", "score": 0.6086951494216919}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-bond", "display_name": "Hydrogen bond", "score": 0.6029884219169617}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/self-healing", "display_name": "Self-healing", "score": 0.5596792697906494}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/amorphous-solid", "display_name": "Amorphous solid", "score": 0.552519679069519}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/stacking", "display_name": "Stacking", "score": 0.5485093593597412}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ultimate-tensile-strength", "display_name": "Ultimate tensile strength", "score": 0.5330893397331238}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polyurethane", "display_name": "Polyurethane", "score": 0.481089323759079}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoplastic-elastomer", "display_name": "Thermoplastic elastomer", "score": 0.45683592557907104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/toughness", "display_name": "Toughness", "score": 0.43516862392425537}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoplastic", "display_name": "Thermoplastic", "score": 0.4326710104942322}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/self-healing-material", "display_name": "Self-healing material", "score": 0.4241921007633209}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phase", "display_name": "Phase (matter)", "score": 0.4203358292579651}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer", "display_name": "Polymer", "score": 0.39842450618743896}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.11886447668075562}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallography", "display_name": "Crystallography", "score": 0.09649315476417542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecule", "display_name": "Molecule", "score": 0.08534863591194153}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777069470", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7783228", "display_name": "Thermoplastic polyurethane", "level": 3, "score": 0.8279469013214111}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.7517894506454468}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790", "display_name": "Composite material", "level": 1, "score": 0.6148304343223572}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C38052585", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252266", "display_name": "Elastomer", "level": 2, "score": 0.6086951494216919}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C112887158", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169324", "display_name": "Hydrogen bond", "level": 3, "score": 0.6029884219169617}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778210392", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412709", "display_name": "Self-healing", "level": 3, "score": 0.5596792697906494}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C56052488", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103382", "display_name": "Amorphous solid", "level": 2, "score": 0.552519679069519}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33347731", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285210", "display_name": "Stacking", "level": 2, "score": 0.5485093593597412}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C112950240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005", "display_name": "Ultimate tensile strength", "level": 2, "score": 0.5330893397331238}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779578285", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146322", "display_name": "Polyurethane", "level": 2, "score": 0.481089323759079}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C92328351", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146527", "display_name": "Thermoplastic elastomer", "level": 4, "score": 0.45683592557907104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C99595764", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486802", "display_name": "Toughness", "level": 2, "score": 0.43516862392425537}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781247691", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380677", "display_name": "Thermoplastic", "level": 2, "score": 0.4326710104942322}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C60938931", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7448105", "display_name": "Self-healing material", "level": 4, "score": 0.4241921007633209}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C44280652", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837", "display_name": "Phase (matter)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4203358292579651}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C521977710", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163", "display_name": "Polymer", "level": 2, "score": 0.39842450618743896}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.11886447668075562}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8010536", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398", "display_name": "Crystallography", "level": 1, "score": 0.09649315476417542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C32909587", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369", "display_name": "Molecule", "level": 2, "score": 0.08534863591194153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15920480", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281", "display_name": "Copolymer", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504", "display_name": "Alternative medicine", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 6, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-021-20931-z", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-20931-z", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-20931-z.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:33504800", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33504800", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature communications", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-20931-z", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-20931-z", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I77793887", "host_organization_name": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I77793887"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a45fc683966c4962b7a9172cb7b96910", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/a45fc683966c4962b7a9172cb7b96910", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6772987", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7841158", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7841158", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7841158", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nat Commun", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-021-20931-z", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-20931-z", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-20931-z.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G1781283838", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2018R1C1B6000966, 2019R1C1C1003888, and 2020R1C1C1009340", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3700303785", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2019R1C1C1003888", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5319243191", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2020R1C1C1009340", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5513643299", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "BSF20-254", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322101", "funder_display_name": "Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5564838720", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "SS2042-10", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5892898849", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "SS2042-10", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322101", "funder_display_name": "Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7208832797", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2018R1C1B6000966", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7579643101", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Core Project; SS2042-10, and Excellence Research Group Project; BSF20-254", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322101", "funder_display_name": "Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320671", "display_name": "National Research Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322101", "display_name": "Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/043k4kk20"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea", "ror": "https://ror.org/013aysd81"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121409595.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121409595.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 69, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W771294901", "https://openalex.org/W869614683", "https://openalex.org/W1992781478", "https://openalex.org/W1996069739", "https://openalex.org/W1996735941", "https://openalex.org/W1999175727", "https://openalex.org/W2002840134", "https://openalex.org/W2010247717", "https://openalex.org/W2014718988", "https://openalex.org/W2017792066", "https://openalex.org/W2028230389", "https://openalex.org/W2042073417", "https://openalex.org/W2050840882", "https://openalex.org/W2057829466", "https://openalex.org/W2064209183", "https://openalex.org/W2070046179", "https://openalex.org/W2072911521", "https://openalex.org/W2074095762", "https://openalex.org/W2085867396", "https://openalex.org/W2106430264", "https://openalex.org/W2106880554", "https://openalex.org/W2111565567", "https://openalex.org/W2124457164", "https://openalex.org/W2258658925", "https://openalex.org/W2260585533", "https://openalex.org/W2491762336", "https://openalex.org/W2515175659", "https://openalex.org/W2518518176", "https://openalex.org/W2519095932", "https://openalex.org/W2521898003", "https://openalex.org/W2621301771", "https://openalex.org/W2625273571", "https://openalex.org/W2748291579", "https://openalex.org/W2770445867", "https://openalex.org/W2771450085", "https://openalex.org/W2773740543", "https://openalex.org/W2774492099", "https://openalex.org/W2781516556", "https://openalex.org/W2789378891", "https://openalex.org/W2795666469", "https://openalex.org/W2810477530", "https://openalex.org/W2884352314", "https://openalex.org/W2886405688", "https://openalex.org/W2888521590", "https://openalex.org/W2889193921", "https://openalex.org/W2890731477", "https://openalex.org/W2897102694", "https://openalex.org/W2897666227", "https://openalex.org/W2909408623", "https://openalex.org/W2911269059", "https://openalex.org/W2937185262", "https://openalex.org/W2939155052", "https://openalex.org/W2939285737", "https://openalex.org/W2940051704", "https://openalex.org/W2944591858", "https://openalex.org/W2946414461", "https://openalex.org/W2949736499", "https://openalex.org/W2968915573", "https://openalex.org/W2979413242", "https://openalex.org/W2980451852", "https://openalex.org/W2988135549", "https://openalex.org/W2989750271", "https://openalex.org/W2990858601", "https://openalex.org/W2990935493", "https://openalex.org/W2997004046", "https://openalex.org/W3000596741", "https://openalex.org/W3005244410", "https://openalex.org/W3006750002", "https://openalex.org/W3008793420"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2389174285", "https://openalex.org/W2178841207", "https://openalex.org/W4233611275", "https://openalex.org/W3158833604", "https://openalex.org/W3199864040", "https://openalex.org/W4229045676", "https://openalex.org/W3149377315", "https://openalex.org/W1538249031", "https://openalex.org/W2794189504", "https://openalex.org/W2539703192"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Self-repairable": [0], "materials": [1], "strive": [2], "to": [3, 75, 140, 146], "emulate": [4], "curable": [5], "and": [6, 21, 39, 66, 98, 136], "resilient": [7], "biological": [8], "tissue;": [9], "however,": [10], "their": [11], "performance": [12], "is": [13, 49, 67], "currently": [14], "insufficient": [15], "for": [16, 116], "commercialization": [17], "purposes": [18], "because": [19], "mending": [20], "toughening": [22], "are": [23], "mutually": [24], "exclusive.": [25], "Herein,": [26], "we": [27], "report": [28], "a": [29, 41, 86, 127], "carbonate-type": [30], "thermoplastic": [31], "polyurethane": [32], "elastomer": [33, 48], "that": [34, 129], "self-heals": [35], "at": [36], "35": [37], "\u00b0C": [38], "exhibits": [40], "tensile": [42], "strength": [43], "of": [44, 90, 112], "43": [45], "MPa;": [46], "this": [47], "as": [50, 52], "strong": [51], "the": [53, 109, 141, 148], "soles": [54], "used": [55], "in": [56, 64, 81], "footwear.": [57], "Distinctively,": [58], "it": [59, 94], "has": [60], "abundant": [61], "carbonyl": [62, 114], "groups": [63], "soft-segments": [65], "fully": [68, 138], "amorphous": [69, 119], "with": [70], "negligible": [71], "phase": [72, 120, 135], "separation": [73], "due": [74], "poor": [76], "hard-segment": [77], "stacking.": [78], "It": [79], "operates": [80], "dual": [82], "mechano-responsive": [83], "mode": [84], "through": [85, 126], "reversible": [87], "disorder-to-order": [88], "transition": [89, 128], "its": [91], "hydrogen-bonding": [92], "array;": [93], "heals": [95], "when": [96, 100, 124], "static": [97, 103], "toughens": [99], "dynamic.": [101], "In": [102], "mode,": [104], "non-crystalline": [105], "hard": [106], "segments": [107], "promote": [108], "dynamic": [110], "exchange": [111], "disordered": [113], "hydrogen-bonds": [115], "self-healing.": [117], "The": [118, 134], "forms": [121], "stiff": [122], "crystals": [123], "stretched": [125], "orders": [130], "inter-chain": [131], "hydrogen": [132], "bonding.": [133], "strain": [137], "return": [139], "pre-stressed": [142], "state": [143], "after": [144], "release": [145], "repeat": [147], "healing": [149], "process.": [150]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 28}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 99}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 106}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 63}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 61}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 20}], "updated_date": "2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2945957160", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10243-8", "title": "Anisotropic and self-healing hydrogels with multi-responsive actuating capability", "display_name": "Anisotropic and self-healing hydrogels with multi-responsive actuating capability", "relevance_score": 32.73376, "publication_year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-05-17", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2945957160", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10243-8", "mag": "2945957160", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31101823"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10243-8", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10243-8", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-10243-8.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-10243-8.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5034266166", "display_name": "Haili Qin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-337X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I16365422", "display_name": "Hefei University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/02czkny70", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Haili Qin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100615710", "display_name": "Tan Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1604-6279"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I16365422", "display_name": "Hefei University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/02czkny70", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tan Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100368082", "display_name": "Na Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1909-6378"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I16365422", "display_name": "Hefei University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/02czkny70", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Na Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015551238", "display_name": "Huai\u2010Ping Cong", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1915-5611"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I16365422", "display_name": "Hefei University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/02czkny70", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Huai-Ping Cong", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, China. hpcong@hfut.edu.cn", "Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1915-5611", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, China. hpcong@hfut.edu.cn", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009, Hefei, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5074891139", "display_name": "Shu\u2010Hong Yu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-1011"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I126520041", "display_name": "University of Science and Technology of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/04c4dkn09", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I126520041", "https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210103894", "display_name": "Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale", "ror": "https://ror.org/01jeedh73", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I126520041", "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210103894"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Shu-Hong Yu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China. shyu@ustc.edu.cn", "Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-1011", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China. shyu@ustc.edu.cn", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210103894", "https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5074891139"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I126520041", "https://openalex.org/I4210103894"], "apc_list": {"value": 3920, "currency": "GBP", "value_usd": 4808}, "apc_paid": {"value": 3920, "currency": "GBP", "value_usd": 4808}, "fwci": 28.8991, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 348, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99927115, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "10", "issue": "1", "first_page": "2202", "last_page": "2202"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10338", "display_name": "Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10343", "display_name": "Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1313", "display_name": "Molecular Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/self-healing-hydrogels", "display_name": "Self-healing hydrogels", "score": 0.8418042659759521}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.8003631830215454}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/lamellar-structure", "display_name": "Lamellar structure", "score": 0.6606239080429077}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/anisotropy", "display_name": "Anisotropy", "score": 0.6324663758277893}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanostructure", "display_name": "Nanostructure", "score": 0.6142674684524536}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/self-healing", "display_name": "Self-healing", "score": 0.5954236388206482}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.5931288003921509}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator", "display_name": "Actuator", "score": 0.5903509855270386}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication", "display_name": "Fabrication", "score": 0.5862314105033875}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "score": 0.5043984651565552}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polymerization", "display_name": "Polymerization", "score": 0.48724666237831116}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/swelling", "display_name": "Swelling", "score": 0.4704129993915558}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-muscle", "display_name": "Artificial muscle", "score": 0.45463624596595764}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-material", "display_name": "Smart material", "score": 0.4290817081928253}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biomimetics", "display_name": "Biomimetics", "score": 0.4103076457977295}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material", "display_name": "Composite material", "score": 0.3057015538215637}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.25387507677078247}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer", "display_name": "Polymer", "score": 0.1435343623161316}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-chemistry", "display_name": "Polymer chemistry", "score": 0.08775398135185242}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.07104986906051636}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C108586683", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164826", "display_name": "Self-healing hydrogels", "level": 2, "score": 0.8418042659759521}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.8003631830215454}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77851909", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6481705", "display_name": "Lamellar structure", "level": 2, "score": 0.6606239080429077}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C85725439", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686", "display_name": "Anisotropy", "level": 2, "score": 0.6324663758277893}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C186187911", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093894", "display_name": "Nanostructure", "level": 2, "score": 0.6142674684524536}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778210392", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412709", "display_name": "Self-healing", "level": 3, "score": 0.5954236388206482}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5931288003921509}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C172707124", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488", "display_name": "Actuator", "level": 2, "score": 0.5903509855270386}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136525101", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139", "display_name": "Fabrication", "level": 3, "score": 0.5862314105033875}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776058767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "level": 3, "score": 0.5043984651565552}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C44228677", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181898", "display_name": "Polymerization", "level": 3, "score": 0.48724666237831116}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778540859", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152234", "display_name": "Swelling", "level": 2, "score": 0.4704129993915558}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C196628372", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801090", "display_name": "Artificial muscle", "level": 3, "score": 0.45463624596595764}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C88484716", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474679", "display_name": "Smart material", "level": 2, "score": 0.4290817081928253}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C165062768", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145644", "display_name": "Biomimetics", "level": 2, "score": 0.4103076457977295}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790", "display_name": "Composite material", "level": 1, "score": 0.3057015538215637}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.25387507677078247}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C521977710", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163", "display_name": "Polymer", "level": 2, "score": 0.1435343623161316}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188027245", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446", "display_name": "Polymer chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.08775398135185242}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.07104986906051636}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504", "display_name": "Alternative medicine", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 6, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10243-8", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10243-8", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-10243-8.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:31101823", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31101823", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature communications", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:natcom:v:10:y:2019:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-019-10243-8", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-10243-8", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I77793887", "host_organization_name": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I77793887"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:055e27fd9d4f47cb8c9e29dfbd356c07", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/055e27fd9d4f47cb8c9e29dfbd356c07", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2019)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9cb2fae3c76a4b4bacb67b9ebe961ae3", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/9cb2fae3c76a4b4bacb67b9ebe961ae3", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2019)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6525195", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6525195", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nat Commun", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10243-8", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10243-8", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-10243-8.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G1526197123", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "JZ2019HGPB0104", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335787", "funder_display_name": "Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1578082783", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "21761132008", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G2766215825", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2015HSC-UE007", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335775", "funder_display_name": "Hefei Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3528850431", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "1708085MB30", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334897", "funder_display_name": "Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4189324764", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2015SRG-HSC038", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335775", "funder_display_name": "Hefei Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5178873173", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "51732011", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6882928468", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "21503063", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7576703115", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "1908085J05", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334897", "funder_display_name": "Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7632827782", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "21521001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G776310781", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "21521001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320327720", "funder_display_name": "Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8362881974", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "21431006", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8733702780", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "21571046", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8918160856", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2013JYXR0654", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334924", "funder_display_name": "Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320327720", "display_name": "Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334897", "display_name": "Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334924", "display_name": "Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01mv9t934"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335775", "display_name": "Hefei Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335787", "display_name": "Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities", "ror": null}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2945957160.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2945957160.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 43, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1969906175", "https://openalex.org/W1988022977", "https://openalex.org/W1995170243", "https://openalex.org/W1995539517", "https://openalex.org/W1999123301", "https://openalex.org/W2007439355", "https://openalex.org/W2010420024", "https://openalex.org/W2021540635", "https://openalex.org/W2021903588", "https://openalex.org/W2021927779", "https://openalex.org/W2022956609", "https://openalex.org/W2030663249", "https://openalex.org/W2041380837", "https://openalex.org/W2043485398", "https://openalex.org/W2047306307", "https://openalex.org/W2048576933", "https://openalex.org/W2048669080", "https://openalex.org/W2055037957", "https://openalex.org/W2056777003", "https://openalex.org/W2060449729", "https://openalex.org/W2061496016", "https://openalex.org/W2078313168", "https://openalex.org/W2080457223", "https://openalex.org/W2081648111", "https://openalex.org/W2089114409", "https://openalex.org/W2113172577", "https://openalex.org/W2131155569", "https://openalex.org/W2137346096", "https://openalex.org/W2162400241", "https://openalex.org/W2166785481", "https://openalex.org/W2185447056", "https://openalex.org/W2219757807", "https://openalex.org/W2320741036", "https://openalex.org/W2322910027", "https://openalex.org/W2336978545", "https://openalex.org/W2610784388", "https://openalex.org/W2755921665", "https://openalex.org/W2761025138", "https://openalex.org/W2765383414", "https://openalex.org/W2773471129", "https://openalex.org/W2784626662", "https://openalex.org/W2808293396", "https://openalex.org/W4238660269"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3094235490", "https://openalex.org/W3161089714", "https://openalex.org/W4392865002", "https://openalex.org/W2742397931", "https://openalex.org/W3160402413", "https://openalex.org/W4386484067", "https://openalex.org/W4393494688", "https://openalex.org/W4308998796", "https://openalex.org/W2791987429", "https://openalex.org/W4388570999"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Inspired": [0], "by": [1, 29, 66], "smart": [2, 147], "biological": [3], "tissues,": [4], "artificial": [5], "muscle-like": [6], "actuators": [7, 145], "offer": [8], "fascinating": [9], "prospects": [10], "due": [11], "to": [12, 37, 84], "their": [13], "distinctive": [14], "shape": [15], "transformation": [16], "and": [17, 34, 80, 96, 104], "self-healing": [18, 99], "function": [19], "under": [20, 101], "external": [21], "stimuli.": [22], "However,": [23], "further": [24], "practical": [25], "application": [26], "is": [27], "hindered": [28], "the": [30, 55, 67, 85, 92, 113, 122], "lack": [31], "of": [32, 57, 61, 136], "simple": [33], "general": [35, 49], "routes": [36], "fabricate": [38], "ingenious": [39], "soft": [40, 144], "materials": [41], "with": [42, 72], "anisotropic": [43, 58, 74, 111], "responsiveness.": [44], "Here,": [45], "we": [46], "describe": [47], "a": [48, 126], "in": [50], "situ": [51], "polymerization": [52], "strategy": [53], "for": [54], "fabrication": [56], "hydrogels": [59], "composed": [60], "highly-ordered": [62], "lamellar": [63], "network": [64], "crosslinked": [65], "metal": [68], "nanostructure": [69], "assemblies,": [70], "accompanied": [71], "remarkably": [73], "performances": [75], "on": [76, 109], "mechanical,": [77], "optical,": [78], "de-swelling": [79], "swelling": [81], "behaviors.": [82], "Owing": [83], "dynamic": [86], "thiolate-metal": [87], "coordination": [88], "as": [89, 142], "healing": [90], "motifs,": [91], "composites": [93], "exhibit": [94], "rapid": [95], "efficient": [97], "multi-responsive": [98], "performance": [100], "NIR": [102], "irradiation": [103], "low": [105], "pH": [106], "condition.": [107], "Dependent": [108], "well-defined": [110], "structures,": [112], "hydrogel": [114], "presents": [115], "controllable": [116], "solvent-responsive": [117], "mechanical": [118], "actuating": [119], "performance.": [120], "Impressively,": [121], "integrated": [123], "device": [124], "through": [125], "healing-induced": [127], "assembly": [128], "way": [129], "can": [130], "deliver": [131], "more": [132], "complicated,": [133], "elaborate": [134], "forms": [135], "actuation,": [137], "demonstrating": [138], "its": [139], "great": [140], "potentials": [141], "superior": [143], "like": [146], "robots.": [148]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 47}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 51}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 41}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 62}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 76}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 47}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 10}], "updated_date": "2026-05-14T08:36:36.166977", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2913285742", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08175-w", "title": "Controlling the shape of 3D microstructures by temperature and light", "display_name": "Controlling the shape of 3D microstructures by temperature and light", "relevance_score": 31.64086, "publication_year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-01-10", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2913285742", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08175-w", "mag": "2913285742", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30651553"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08175-w", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08175-w", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-08175-w.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "datacite", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-08175-w.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5043303242", "display_name": "Marc Hippler", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0952-9950"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I102335020", "display_name": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04t3en479", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020", "https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Marc Hippler", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Physik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Stra\u00dfe 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany", "Zoologisches Institut, Zell- und Neurobiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0952-9950", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Physik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Stra\u00dfe 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Zoologisches Institut, Zell- und Neurobiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029954997", "display_name": "Eva Blasco", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0849-4223"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I102335020", "display_name": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04t3en479", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020", "https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Eva Blasco", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Macromolecular Architectures, Institut f\u00fcr Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0849-4223", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Macromolecular Architectures, Institut f\u00fcr Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5046356488", "display_name": "Jingyuan Qu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2076-9557"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I102335020", "display_name": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04t3en479", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020", "https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jingyuan Qu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Physik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Stra\u00dfe 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany", "Institut f\u00fcr Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Physik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Stra\u00dfe 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5069964740", "display_name": "Motomu Tanaka", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3663-9554"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I22299242", "display_name": "Kyoto University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02kpeqv85", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I223822909", "display_name": "Heidelberg University", "ror": "https://ror.org/038t36y30", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}], "countries": ["DE", "JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Motomu Tanaka", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute for Integrated Cell-Materials Science (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan", "Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3663-9554", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Integrated Cell-Materials Science (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5004482996", "display_name": "Christopher Barner\u2010Kowollik", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6745-0570"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I102335020", "display_name": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04t3en479", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020", "https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I160993911", "display_name": "Queensland University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03pnv4752", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}], "countries": ["AU", "DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Christopher Barner-Kowollik", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Macromolecular Architectures, Institut f\u00fcr Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany", "School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Macromolecular Architectures, Institut f\u00fcr Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070115615", "display_name": "Martin Wegener", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-2441"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I102335020", "display_name": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04t3en479", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020", "https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Martin Wegener", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Physik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Stra\u00dfe 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany. martin.wegener@kit.edu", "Institut f\u00fcr Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. martin.wegener@kit.edu", "Institut f\u00fcr Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Physik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Stra\u00dfe 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany. martin.wegener@kit.edu", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. martin.wegener@kit.edu", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031108876", "display_name": "Martin Bastmeyer", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3471-8400"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I102335020", "display_name": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04t3en479", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020", "https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Martin Bastmeyer", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut f\u00fcr Funktionelle Grenzfl\u00e4chen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. bastmeyer@kit.edu", "Zoologisches Institut, Zell- und Neurobiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany. bastmeyer@kit.edu", "Zoologisches Institut, Zell- und Neurobiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Funktionelle Grenzfl\u00e4chen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. bastmeyer@kit.edu", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Zoologisches Institut, Zell- und Neurobiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany. bastmeyer@kit.edu", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Zoologisches Institut, Zell- und Neurobiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 3, "institutions_distinct_count": 7, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5043303242"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"], "apc_list": {"value": 3920, "currency": "GBP", "value_usd": 4808}, "apc_paid": {"value": 4581, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 4940}, "fwci": 21.7844, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 290, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99845705, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "10", "issue": "1", "first_page": "232", "last_page": "232"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10338", "display_name": "Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials", "score": 0.9979000091552734, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10343", "display_name": "Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications", "score": 0.9950000047683716, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1313", "display_name": "Molecular Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microstructure", "display_name": "Microstructure", "score": 0.7413533926010132}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.6665459871292114}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/lithography", "display_name": "Lithography", "score": 0.630134105682373}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.5497305393218994}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "score": 0.5335536599159241}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude", "display_name": "Amplitude", "score": 0.5113357901573181}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system", "display_name": "Biological system", "score": 0.5064166784286499}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer", "display_name": "Polymer", "score": 0.47756677865982056}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics", "display_name": "Photonics", "score": 0.46660491824150085}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/resist", "display_name": "Resist", "score": 0.4658563733100891}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-matter", "display_name": "Soft matter", "score": 0.45536771416664124}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/absorption", "display_name": "Absorption (acoustics)", "score": 0.4458933174610138}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.40220820903778076}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-physics", "display_name": "Chemical physics", "score": 0.3427543640136719}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.32034024596214294}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material", "display_name": "Composite material", "score": 0.235615074634552}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.23225149512290955}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.23101630806922913}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator", "display_name": "Actuator", "score": 0.20393535494804382}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.15218117833137512}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering", "display_name": "Chemical engineering", "score": 0.14715033769607544}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/colloid", "display_name": "Colloid", "score": 0.0881742537021637}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C87976508", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213", "display_name": "Microstructure", "level": 2, "score": 0.7413533926010132}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6665459871292114}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C204223013", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133036", "display_name": "Lithography", "level": 2, "score": 0.630134105682373}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5497305393218994}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776058767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "level": 3, "score": 0.5335536599159241}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180205008", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190", "display_name": "Amplitude", "level": 2, "score": 0.5113357901573181}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C186060115", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093", "display_name": "Biological system", "level": 1, "score": 0.5064166784286499}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C521977710", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163", "display_name": "Polymer", "level": 2, "score": 0.47756677865982056}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C20788544", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054", "display_name": "Photonics", "level": 2, "score": 0.46660491824150085}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C53524968", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315582", "display_name": "Resist", "level": 3, "score": 0.4658563733100891}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C48620588", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902144", "display_name": "Soft matter", "level": 3, "score": 0.45536771416664124}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C125287762", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948", "display_name": "Absorption (acoustics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4458933174610138}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.40220820903778076}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159467904", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702", "display_name": "Chemical physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3427543640136719}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.32034024596214294}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790", "display_name": "Composite material", "level": 1, "score": 0.235615074634552}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.23225149512290955}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.23101630806922913}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C172707124", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488", "display_name": "Actuator", "level": 2, "score": 0.20393535494804382}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.15218117833137512}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C42360764", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588", "display_name": "Chemical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.14715033769607544}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C59789625", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181780", "display_name": "Colloid", "level": 2, "score": 0.0881742537021637}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779227376", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497", "display_name": "Layer (electronics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 11, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08175-w", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08175-w", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-08175-w.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:30651553", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30651553", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature communications", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:EVASTAR-Karlsruhe.de:1000090446", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000090446", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401992", "display_name": "Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I102335020", "host_organization_name": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102335020"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications, 10 (1), Article no 232", "raw_type": "doc-type:article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:01221:0004430874", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2433/250069", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407056385", "display_name": "Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I184597095", "host_organization_name": "National Institute of Informatics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I184597095"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:eprints.qut.edu.au:132181", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": "https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132181/1/s41467-018-08175-w.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402607", "display_name": "QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I160993911", "host_organization_name": "Queensland University of Technology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I160993911"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "Contribution to Journal"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:natcom:v:10:y:2019:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-018-08175-w", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-08175-w", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I77793887", "host_organization_name": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I77793887"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:61a7b53bd82b46ec895325d7202fe881", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/61a7b53bd82b46ec895325d7202fe881", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2019)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7d4f70b951284cb2b8b035eea4578508", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/7d4f70b951284cb2b8b035eea4578508", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2019)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5311560", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6335428", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6335428", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6335428", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nat Commun", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "doi:10.5445/ir/1000090446", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000090446", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407052948", "display_name": "KITopen", "issn_l": null, "issn": [], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article-journal"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08175-w", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08175-w", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-08175-w.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320983", "display_name": "Queensland University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03pnv4752"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334704", "display_name": "Australian Research Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913285742.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913285742.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 41, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W105813750", "https://openalex.org/W1966026874", "https://openalex.org/W1998011034", "https://openalex.org/W1998794754", "https://openalex.org/W1999848701", "https://openalex.org/W2004263779", "https://openalex.org/W2006419845", "https://openalex.org/W2023053482", "https://openalex.org/W2030912632", "https://openalex.org/W2039231554", "https://openalex.org/W2043958321", "https://openalex.org/W2063797951", "https://openalex.org/W2072031806", "https://openalex.org/W2073089708", "https://openalex.org/W2079722955", "https://openalex.org/W2079960550", "https://openalex.org/W2088003987", "https://openalex.org/W2092700187", "https://openalex.org/W2094029194", "https://openalex.org/W2108678123", "https://openalex.org/W2138478172", "https://openalex.org/W2141947008", "https://openalex.org/W2146087399", "https://openalex.org/W2146894143", "https://openalex.org/W2151600659", "https://openalex.org/W2316762741", "https://openalex.org/W2342974502", "https://openalex.org/W2517314750", "https://openalex.org/W2521108076", "https://openalex.org/W2564130887", "https://openalex.org/W2586319151", "https://openalex.org/W2610784388", "https://openalex.org/W2620795683", "https://openalex.org/W2737227828", "https://openalex.org/W2762627864", "https://openalex.org/W2763129312", "https://openalex.org/W2787403570", "https://openalex.org/W2790084889", "https://openalex.org/W2791721541", "https://openalex.org/W2889380093", "https://openalex.org/W2964123204"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2062151620", "https://openalex.org/W4211104017", "https://openalex.org/W4307818291", "https://openalex.org/W2058292988", "https://openalex.org/W1980261913", "https://openalex.org/W2022535683", "https://openalex.org/W2478487396", "https://openalex.org/W2792297505", "https://openalex.org/W2914219921", "https://openalex.org/W3164062986"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Stimuli-responsive": [0], "microstructures": [1], "are": [2, 66, 120], "critical": [3, 49], "to": [4, 41, 46, 63, 126], "create": [5, 53], "adaptable": [6], "systems": [7], "in": [8, 43, 84, 99], "soft": [9], "robotics": [10], "and": [11, 24, 114], "biosciences.": [12], "For": [13], "such": [14], "applications,": [15], "the": [16, 26, 80, 91, 128], "materials": [17, 57], "must": [18], "be": [19, 95], "compatible": [20], "with": [21, 61, 112, 122], "aqueous": [22], "environments": [23], "enable": [25], "manufacturing": [27], "of": [28, 79, 147], "three-dimensional": [29, 72, 85, 110], "structures.": [30], "Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)": [31], "(pNIPAM)": [32], "is": [33, 136], "a": [34, 38, 64, 100, 132, 140], "well-established": [35], "polymer,": [36], "exhibiting": [37], "substantial": [39], "response": [40, 135], "changes": [42], "temperature": [44, 142], "close": [45], "its": [47], "lower": [48], "solution": [50], "temperature.": [51], "To": [52], "complex": [54, 115], "actuation": [55, 129], "patterns,": [56], "that": [58, 90], "react": [59], "differently": [60], "respect": [62], "stimulus": [65], "required.": [67], "Here,": [68], "we": [69, 88], "introduce": [70], "functional": [71], "hetero-microstructures": [73], "based": [74], "on": [75, 97], "pNIPAM.": [76], "By": [77], "variation": [78], "local": [81, 141], "exposure": [82], "dose": [83], "laser": [86], "lithography,": [87], "demonstrate": [89], "material": [92], "parameters": [93], "can": [94], "altered": [96], "demand": [98], "single": [101], "resist": [102], "formulation.": [103], "We": [104], "explore": [105], "this": [106], "concept": [107], "for": [108], "sophisticated": [109], "architectures": [111], "large-amplitude": [113], "responses.": [116], "The": [117], "experimental": [118], "results": [119], "consistent": [121], "numerical": [123], "calculations,": [124], "able": [125], "predict": [127], "response.": [130], "Furthermore,": [131], "spatially": [133], "controlled": [134], "achieved": [137], "by": [138, 144], "inducing": [139], "increase": [143], "two-photon": [145], "absorption": [146], "focused": [148], "light.": [149]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 45}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 48}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 43}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 41}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 49}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 36}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 21}], "updated_date": "2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3006777109", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2020.02.001", "title": "Hydrogel design strategies for drug delivery", "display_name": "Hydrogel design strategies for drug delivery", "relevance_score": 31.62388, "publication_year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-02-24", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3006777109", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2020.02.001", "mag": "3006777109"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2020.02.001", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2020.02.001", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S974056801", "display_name": "Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science", "issn_l": "1359-0294", "issn": ["1359-0294", "1879-0399"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Current Opinion in Colloid &amp; Interface Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/127048838/Hydrogel_design_strategies_for_Acc6Feb2020Epub26Feb2020_GREEN_AAM.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5081824570", "display_name": "C\u00e9cile A. Dreiss", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0578-8090"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I183935753", "display_name": "King's College London", "ror": "https://ror.org/0220mzb33", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I124357947", "https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "C\u00e9cile A. Dreiss", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, UK"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5081824570"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I183935753"], "apc_list": {"value": 4260, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4260}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 12.369, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 332, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99402954, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "48", "issue": null, "first_page": "1", "last_page": "17"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10343", "display_name": "Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1313", "display_name": "Molecular Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10343", "display_name": "Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1313", "display_name": "Molecular Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11190", "display_name": "3D Printing in Biomedical Research", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10063", "display_name": "Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery", "score": 0.996999979019165, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2502", "display_name": "Biomaterials"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-delivery", "display_name": "Drug delivery", "score": 0.625251054763794}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/drug", "display_name": "Drug", "score": 0.5218136310577393}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.3674469590187073}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/business", "display_name": "Business", "score": 0.3521154224872589}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.3233594596385956}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.2844216823577881}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology", "display_name": "Pharmacology", "score": 0.2701869606971741}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.17811709642410278}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779820397", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806", "display_name": "Drug delivery", "level": 2, "score": 0.625251054763794}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780035454", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386", "display_name": "Drug", "level": 2, "score": 0.5218136310577393}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3674469590187073}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453", "display_name": "Business", "level": 0, "score": 0.3521154224872589}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.3233594596385956}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.2844216823577881}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C98274493", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406", "display_name": "Pharmacology", "level": 1, "score": 0.2701869606971741}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.17811709642410278}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2020.02.001", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2020.02.001", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S974056801", "display_name": "Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science", "issn_l": "1359-0294", "issn": ["1359-0294", "1879-0399"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Current Opinion in Colloid &amp; Interface Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:openaire/4b57a89c-17e1-481c-8df8-70471e12cb42", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/4b57a89c-17e1-481c-8df8-70471e12cb42", "pdf_url": "https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/127048838/Hydrogel_design_strategies_for_Acc6Feb2020Epub26Feb2020_GREEN_AAM.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400216", "display_name": "Research Portal (King's College London)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I183935753", "host_organization_name": "King's College London", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I183935753"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Dreiss, C A 2020, 'Hydrogel design strategies for drug delivery', CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE, vol. 48, pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2020.02.001", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:openaire/4b57a89c-17e1-481c-8df8-70471e12cb42", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/4b57a89c-17e1-481c-8df8-70471e12cb42", "pdf_url": "https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/127048838/Hydrogel_design_strategies_for_Acc6Feb2020Epub26Feb2020_GREEN_AAM.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400216", "display_name": "Research Portal (King's College London)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I183935753", "host_organization_name": "King's College London", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I183935753"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Dreiss, C A 2020, 'Hydrogel design strategies for drug delivery', CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE, vol. 48, pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2020.02.001", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.47999998927116394, "display_name": "Clean water and sanitation", "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006777109.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006777109.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 123, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1784652317", "https://openalex.org/W1887477531", "https://openalex.org/W1924088822", "https://openalex.org/W1925829020", "https://openalex.org/W2013520568", "https://openalex.org/W2031096930", "https://openalex.org/W2049216312", "https://openalex.org/W2053540049", "https://openalex.org/W2060030489", "https://openalex.org/W2093759524", "https://openalex.org/W2131712774", "https://openalex.org/W2135244646", "https://openalex.org/W2143616792", "https://openalex.org/W2152609612", "https://openalex.org/W2175485517", "https://openalex.org/W2178511971", "https://openalex.org/W2255479470", "https://openalex.org/W2271022870", "https://openalex.org/W2273513969", "https://openalex.org/W2312306775", "https://openalex.org/W2312709094", "https://openalex.org/W2346983435", "https://openalex.org/W2398390192", "https://openalex.org/W2402395335", "https://openalex.org/W2418350997", "https://openalex.org/W2460554052", "https://openalex.org/W2504945737", "https://openalex.org/W2507230184", "https://openalex.org/W2509523536", "https://openalex.org/W2523464825", "https://openalex.org/W2529637022", "https://openalex.org/W2530364962", "https://openalex.org/W2539107597", "https://openalex.org/W2539835785", "https://openalex.org/W2541420623", "https://openalex.org/W2550312623", "https://openalex.org/W2551072835", "https://openalex.org/W2557882265", "https://openalex.org/W2559981765", "https://openalex.org/W2560289799", "https://openalex.org/W2564354914", "https://openalex.org/W2571385678", "https://openalex.org/W2572376937", "https://openalex.org/W2588883711", "https://openalex.org/W2594808719", "https://openalex.org/W2595749033", "https://openalex.org/W2596722074", "https://openalex.org/W2597380324", "https://openalex.org/W2600284086", "https://openalex.org/W2601213363", "https://openalex.org/W2612851511", "https://openalex.org/W2617566112", "https://openalex.org/W2619320260", "https://openalex.org/W2620711380", "https://openalex.org/W2729309989", "https://openalex.org/W2742546468", "https://openalex.org/W2743034468", "https://openalex.org/W2746536920", "https://openalex.org/W2748074339", "https://openalex.org/W2761614994", "https://openalex.org/W2762444902", "https://openalex.org/W2766372451", "https://openalex.org/W2770498164", "https://openalex.org/W2773576947", "https://openalex.org/W2775703306", "https://openalex.org/W2780593010", "https://openalex.org/W2782504069", "https://openalex.org/W2782940950", "https://openalex.org/W2784850597", "https://openalex.org/W2787410362", "https://openalex.org/W2791182757", "https://openalex.org/W2791334979", "https://openalex.org/W2792105920", "https://openalex.org/W2793938534", "https://openalex.org/W2795396870", "https://openalex.org/W2798020419", "https://openalex.org/W2803237981", "https://openalex.org/W2803573630", "https://openalex.org/W2807582167", "https://openalex.org/W2855666604", "https://openalex.org/W2884431916", "https://openalex.org/W2885510598", "https://openalex.org/W2889553070", "https://openalex.org/W2891092840", "https://openalex.org/W2899290758", "https://openalex.org/W2900578885", "https://openalex.org/W2902849438", "https://openalex.org/W2905326325", "https://openalex.org/W2905842362", "https://openalex.org/W2908466941", "https://openalex.org/W2912481296", "https://openalex.org/W2913128209", "https://openalex.org/W2913823180", "https://openalex.org/W2914138025", "https://openalex.org/W2915522816", "https://openalex.org/W2920012226", "https://openalex.org/W2921068879", "https://openalex.org/W2922439236", "https://openalex.org/W2924775535", "https://openalex.org/W2932714919", "https://openalex.org/W2935754529", "https://openalex.org/W2945554430", "https://openalex.org/W2946237082", "https://openalex.org/W2948521495", "https://openalex.org/W2948929836", "https://openalex.org/W2950151274", "https://openalex.org/W2953515119", "https://openalex.org/W2954222172", "https://openalex.org/W2954726610", "https://openalex.org/W2954846228", "https://openalex.org/W2956187124", "https://openalex.org/W2960272185", "https://openalex.org/W2963322745", "https://openalex.org/W2966802832", "https://openalex.org/W2971272527", "https://openalex.org/W2977200939", "https://openalex.org/W2996223645", "https://openalex.org/W3000644575", "https://openalex.org/W4211210519", "https://openalex.org/W4300657649", "https://openalex.org/W6755104112", "https://openalex.org/W6760606053", "https://openalex.org/W6845154204"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4391375266", "https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W3031052312", "https://openalex.org/W4389568370", "https://openalex.org/W3032375762", "https://openalex.org/W1995515455", "https://openalex.org/W2080531066", "https://openalex.org/W3108674512", "https://openalex.org/W1506200166"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 23}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 71}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 69}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 65}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 53}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 35}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 15}], "updated_date": "2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3094472996", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0076", "title": "Recent advance in surface modification for regulating cell adhesion and behaviors", "display_name": "Recent advance in surface modification for regulating cell adhesion and behaviors", "relevance_score": 31.191528, "publication_year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3094472996", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0076", "mag": "3094472996"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1515/ntrev-2020-0076", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0076", "pdf_url": "https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/journals/ntrev/9/1/article-p971.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210182563", "display_name": "Nanotechnology Reviews", "issn_l": "2191-9089", "issn": ["2191-9089", "2191-9097"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310313990", "host_organization_name": "De Gruyter", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["De Gruyter"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nanotechnology Reviews", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/journals/ntrev/9/1/article-p971.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035107064", "display_name": "Shuxiang Cai", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0113-4986"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I18452120", "display_name": "Yantai University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01rp41m56", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Shuxiang Cai", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Robotics Engineering, School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University , Yantai 264005 , China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Robotics Engineering, School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University , Yantai 264005 , China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5033173347", "display_name": "Chuanxiang Wu", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I18452120", "display_name": "Yantai University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01rp41m56", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chuanxiang Wu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Robotics Engineering, School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University , Yantai 264005 , China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Robotics Engineering, School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University , Yantai 264005 , China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029733941", "display_name": "Wenguang Yang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1560-665X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I18452120", "display_name": "Yantai University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01rp41m56", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Wenguang Yang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Robotics Engineering, School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University , Yantai 264005 , China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Robotics Engineering, School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University , Yantai 264005 , China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009435651", "display_name": "Wenfeng Liang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6605-2511"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I83714178", "display_name": "Shenyang Jianzhu University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01zr73v18", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I83714178"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wenfeng Liang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University , Shenyang 110016 , China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University , Shenyang 110016 , China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I83714178"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100726536", "display_name": "Haibo Yu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2990-8234"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I142078773", "display_name": "Shenyang Institute of Automation", "ror": "https://ror.org/00ft6nj33", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I142078773", "https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Haibo Yu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I142078773", "https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5040326170", "display_name": "Lianqing Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2271-5870"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I142078773", "display_name": "Shenyang Institute of Automation", "ror": "https://ror.org/00ft6nj33", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I142078773", "https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lianqing Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I142078773", "https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 6, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5029733941"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I18452120"], "apc_list": {"value": 1500, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 1617}, "apc_paid": {"value": 1500, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 1617}, "fwci": 20.1532, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 622, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99815757, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "9", "issue": "1", "first_page": "971", "last_page": "989"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10729", "display_name": "Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2502", "display_name": "Biomaterials"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10729", "display_name": "Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2502", "display_name": "Biomaterials"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10859", "display_name": "Polymer Surface Interaction Studies", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2508", "display_name": "Surfaces, Coatings and Films"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10059", "display_name": "Bone Tissue Engineering Materials", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-adhesion", "display_name": "Cell adhesion", "score": 0.7426997423171997}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-matrix", "display_name": "Extracellular matrix", "score": 0.7337836027145386}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-biology", "display_name": "Cell biology", "score": 0.6210465431213379}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/adhesion", "display_name": "Adhesion", "score": 0.6119115948677063}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-engineering", "display_name": "Tissue engineering", "score": 0.5777536034584045}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cell", "display_name": "Cell", "score": 0.49863600730895996}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regenerative-medicine", "display_name": "Regenerative medicine", "score": 0.47950392961502075}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.33332517743110657}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-cell", "display_name": "Stem cell", "score": 0.27532875537872314}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.25473397970199585}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering", "display_name": "Biomedical engineering", "score": 0.16999241709709167}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.08529704809188843}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "score": 0.07738351821899414}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C85789140", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187640", "display_name": "Cell adhesion", "level": 3, "score": 0.7426997423171997}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C189165786", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193825", "display_name": "Extracellular matrix", "level": 2, "score": 0.7337836027145386}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95444343", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141", "display_name": "Cell biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.6210465431213379}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C84416704", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188666", "display_name": "Adhesion", "level": 2, "score": 0.6119115948677063}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49892992", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540285", "display_name": "Tissue engineering", "level": 2, "score": 0.5777536034584045}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C1491633281", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868", "display_name": "Cell", "level": 2, "score": 0.49863600730895996}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C10854531", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061415", "display_name": "Regenerative medicine", "level": 3, "score": 0.47950392961502075}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.33332517743110657}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C28328180", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48196", "display_name": "Stem cell", "level": 2, "score": 0.27532875537872314}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.25473397970199585}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136229726", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092", "display_name": "Biomedical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.16999241709709167}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.08529704809188843}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.07738351821899414}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1515/ntrev-2020-0076", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0076", "pdf_url": "https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/journals/ntrev/9/1/article-p971.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210182563", "display_name": "Nanotechnology Reviews", "issn_l": "2191-9089", "issn": ["2191-9089", "2191-9097"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310313990", "host_organization_name": "De Gruyter", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["De Gruyter"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nanotechnology Reviews", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:64b89f6b9c094b7aa5b2bdc4b8599a9f", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/64b89f6b9c094b7aa5b2bdc4b8599a9f", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nanotechnology Reviews, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 971-989 (2020)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:ir.sia.cn/:173321/27963", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://ir.sia.cn/handle/173321/27963", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196984", "display_name": "SIA OpenIR (Chinese Academy of Sciences)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "host_organization_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1515/ntrev-2020-0076", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0076", "pdf_url": "https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/journals/ntrev/9/1/article-p971.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210182563", "display_name": "Nanotechnology Reviews", "issn_l": "2191-9089", "issn": ["2191-9089", "2191-9097"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310313990", "host_organization_name": "De Gruyter", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["De Gruyter"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nanotechnology Reviews", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.5199999809265137, "display_name": "Responsible consumption and production", "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G1732991295", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "61973224", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3784960440", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "ZR2019BF049", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320324174", "funder_display_name": "Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4409362042", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "61803323", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320324174", "display_name": "Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province", "ror": null}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094472996.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094472996.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 112, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1747714778", "https://openalex.org/W1800455829", "https://openalex.org/W1941245750", "https://openalex.org/W1948055892", "https://openalex.org/W1965790268", "https://openalex.org/W1966335812", "https://openalex.org/W1967995141", "https://openalex.org/W1968554292", "https://openalex.org/W1968882409", "https://openalex.org/W1969568402", "https://openalex.org/W1974798445", "https://openalex.org/W1975135314", "https://openalex.org/W1988876061", "https://openalex.org/W1994966688", "https://openalex.org/W1995007073", "https://openalex.org/W1996190513", "https://openalex.org/W1997246078", "https://openalex.org/W2001038544", "https://openalex.org/W2010229362", "https://openalex.org/W2010513961", "https://openalex.org/W2012369957", "https://openalex.org/W2016235191", "https://openalex.org/W2017479018", "https://openalex.org/W2019150383", "https://openalex.org/W2023495881", "https://openalex.org/W2024306244", "https://openalex.org/W2026917510", "https://openalex.org/W2030496781", "https://openalex.org/W2031476233", "https://openalex.org/W2032275376", "https://openalex.org/W2038550772", "https://openalex.org/W2042156971", "https://openalex.org/W2045131152", "https://openalex.org/W2045835121", "https://openalex.org/W2046425583", "https://openalex.org/W2047425454", "https://openalex.org/W2048460441", "https://openalex.org/W2049989245", "https://openalex.org/W2050875646", "https://openalex.org/W2056694844", "https://openalex.org/W2061621619", "https://openalex.org/W2062681049", "https://openalex.org/W2065396317", "https://openalex.org/W2065412432", "https://openalex.org/W2070671774", "https://openalex.org/W2079595896", "https://openalex.org/W2081471470", "https://openalex.org/W2084871843", "https://openalex.org/W2086970036", "https://openalex.org/W2091690883", "https://openalex.org/W2092825080", "https://openalex.org/W2093638019", "https://openalex.org/W2094298128", "https://openalex.org/W2094656325", "https://openalex.org/W2097922419", "https://openalex.org/W2117208350", "https://openalex.org/W2126956733", "https://openalex.org/W2128392700", "https://openalex.org/W2129351745", "https://openalex.org/W2134110690", "https://openalex.org/W2134208433", "https://openalex.org/W2134212702", "https://openalex.org/W2134819724", "https://openalex.org/W2136334987", "https://openalex.org/W2138796069", "https://openalex.org/W2140787615", "https://openalex.org/W2141795987", "https://openalex.org/W2148328620", "https://openalex.org/W2148941374", "https://openalex.org/W2157248428", "https://openalex.org/W2157407681", "https://openalex.org/W2162097998", "https://openalex.org/W2164275581", "https://openalex.org/W2164595709", "https://openalex.org/W2165818390", "https://openalex.org/W2184710005", "https://openalex.org/W2264235516", "https://openalex.org/W2287025129", "https://openalex.org/W2292225602", "https://openalex.org/W2295048192", "https://openalex.org/W2295339888", "https://openalex.org/W2313512614", "https://openalex.org/W2326539676", "https://openalex.org/W2333720543", "https://openalex.org/W2340602993", "https://openalex.org/W2341510047", "https://openalex.org/W2341814837", "https://openalex.org/W2530078248", "https://openalex.org/W2539305709", "https://openalex.org/W2549707089", "https://openalex.org/W2556303733", "https://openalex.org/W2594273098", "https://openalex.org/W2611167584", "https://openalex.org/W2613414700", "https://openalex.org/W2614887622", "https://openalex.org/W2735721295", "https://openalex.org/W2773033626", "https://openalex.org/W2794132598", "https://openalex.org/W2795126222", "https://openalex.org/W2801387817", "https://openalex.org/W2886011881", "https://openalex.org/W2886853154", "https://openalex.org/W2888222413", "https://openalex.org/W2902247419", "https://openalex.org/W2909532140", "https://openalex.org/W2948111338", "https://openalex.org/W2971531104", "https://openalex.org/W2979965673", "https://openalex.org/W2990815681", "https://openalex.org/W3014065511", "https://openalex.org/W3033773120", "https://openalex.org/W4211260717"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3215530055", "https://openalex.org/W2435286860", "https://openalex.org/W3014163099", "https://openalex.org/W3147118347", "https://openalex.org/W2889165517", "https://openalex.org/W2339150871", "https://openalex.org/W2545305293", "https://openalex.org/W2287501499", "https://openalex.org/W3171090766", "https://openalex.org/W4381058834"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Abstract": [0], "Cell": [1, 64], "adhesion": [2, 65, 92, 178], "is": [3, 16, 66, 156], "a": [4, 21], "basic": [5], "requirement": [6], "for": [7, 158], "anchorage-dependent": [8], "cells": [9, 37, 73], "to": [10, 118, 126, 142], "survive": [11], "on": [12, 153], "the": [13, 17, 55, 68, 75, 87, 102, 120, 128, 134, 182], "matrix.": [14], "It": [15], "first": [18], "step": [19], "in": [20, 83, 93, 101, 188], "series": [22], "of": [23, 59, 70, 89, 104, 115, 122, 130], "cell": [24, 28, 62, 91, 131, 138, 144, 147, 177, 190], "activities,": [25], "such": [26, 163], "as": [27, 164, 179, 181], "diffusion,": [29], "migration,": [30, 150], "proliferation,": [31], "and": [32, 46, 49, 53, 57, 74, 78, 107, 140, 151, 160, 168, 184], "differentiation.": [33], "In": [34], "vivo": [35], ",": [36], "are": [38], "surrounded": [39], "by": [40], "extracellular": [41], "matrix": [42], "(ECM),": [43], "whose": [44], "physical": [45], "biochemical": [47], "properties": [48, 121], "micromorphology": [50], "may": [51], "affect": [52, 137], "regulate": [54, 127], "function": [56], "behavior": [58, 129, 139], "cells,": [60], "causing": [61], "reactions.": [63], "also": [67], "basis": [69], "communication": [71], "between": [72], "external": [76], "environment": [77], "plays": [79], "an": [80], "important": [81], "role": [82], "tissue": [84, 105, 169], "development.": [85], "Therefore,": [86], "significance": [88], "studying": [90], "vitro": [94], "has": [95], "become": [96], "increasingly": [97], "prominent.": [98], "For": [99], "instance,": [100], "field": [103], "engineering": [106, 167], "regenerative": [108], "medicine,": [109], "researchers": [110], "have": [111], "used": [112, 187], "artificial": [113, 154], "surfaces": [114], "different": [116], "materials": [117, 159, 185], "simulate": [119], "natural": [123], "ECM,": [124], "aiming": [125], "adhesion.": [132, 191], "Understanding": [133], "factors": [135, 175], "that": [136], "how": [141], "control": [143], "behavior,": [145], "including": [146], "adhesion,": [148], "orientation,": [149], "differentiation": [152], "surfaces,": [155], "essential": [157], "life": [161], "sciences,": [162], "advanced": [165], "biomedical": [166], "engineering.": [170], "This": [171], "article": [172], "reviews": [173], "various": [174], "affecting": [176], "well": [180], "methods": [183], "often": [186], "investigating": [189]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 32}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 157}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 179}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 109}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 110}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 35}], "updated_date": "2026-05-15T08:27:34.491423", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4387044350", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41679-8", "title": "Mechanical metamaterials and beyond", "display_name": "Mechanical metamaterials and beyond", "relevance_score": 30.88399, "publication_year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-09-26", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4387044350", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41679-8", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37752150"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41679-8", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41679-8", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41679-8.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41679-8.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060394018", "display_name": "Pengcheng Jiao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9577-3828"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I31847773", "display_name": "Zhejiang Ocean University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03mys6533", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I76130692", "display_name": "Zhejiang University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00a2xv884", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pengcheng Jiao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I31847773", "https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037593534", "display_name": "J. Howard Mueller", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4808-2223"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I145311948", "display_name": "Johns Hopkins University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jochen Mueller", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4808-2223", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055276282", "display_name": "Jordan R. Raney", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5329-9980"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I79576946", "display_name": "University of Pennsylvania", "ror": "https://ror.org/00b30xv10", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jordan R. Raney", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5329-9980", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5001036259", "display_name": "Xiaoyu Zheng", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8685-5728"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiaoyu Zheng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA", "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8685-5728", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5081817597", "display_name": "Amir H. Alavi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7593-8509"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170201317", "display_name": "University of Pittsburgh", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an3r305", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Amir H. Alavi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. alavi@pitt.edu", "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. alavi@pitt.edu", "Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7593-8509", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. alavi@pitt.edu", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. alavi@pitt.edu", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5081817597"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170201317"], "apc_list": {"value": 3920, "currency": "GBP", "value_usd": 4808}, "apc_paid": {"value": 3920, "currency": "GBP", "value_usd": 4808}, "fwci": 70.5582, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 571, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.9999729, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 98, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "14", "issue": "1", "first_page": "6004", "last_page": "6004"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10707", "display_name": "Cellular and Composite Structures", "score": 0.998199999332428, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10707", "display_name": "Cellular and Composite Structures", "score": 0.998199999332428, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10822", "display_name": "Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research", "score": 0.9980000257492065, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10810", "display_name": "Polymer composites and self-healing", "score": 0.9886999726295471, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2507", "display_name": "Polymers and Plastics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/metamaterial", "display_name": "Metamaterial", "score": 0.969441294670105}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-design", "display_name": "Mechanical design", "score": 0.7462206482887268}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-system", "display_name": "Mechanical system", "score": 0.5454859733581543}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-energy", "display_name": "Mechanical energy", "score": 0.5298340916633606}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5101773738861084}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.45649614930152893}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.366179496049881}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering", "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "score": 0.27346619963645935}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.2382127344608307}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.18029728531837463}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.1352020800113678}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.12231031060218811}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C110367647", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497166", "display_name": "Metamaterial", "level": 2, "score": 0.969441294670105}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2985681428", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333", "display_name": "Mechanical design", "level": 2, "score": 0.7462206482887268}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171912257", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11019", "display_name": "Mechanical system", "level": 2, "score": 0.5454859733581543}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107240024", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184550", "display_name": "Mechanical energy", "level": 3, "score": 0.5298340916633606}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5101773738861084}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.45649614930152893}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.366179496049881}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333", "display_name": "Mechanical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.27346619963645935}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.2382127344608307}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.18029728531837463}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.1352020800113678}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.12231031060218811}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C163258240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342", "display_name": "Power (physics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41679-8", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41679-8", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41679-8.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:37752150", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37752150", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature communications", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10522661", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10522661", "pdf_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10522661/pdf/41467_2023_Article_41679.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nat Commun", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-41679-8", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41679-8", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I77793887", "host_organization_name": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I77793887"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:56cfce7ca6b4469e977a6c85069438b3", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/56cfce7ca6b4469e977a6c85069438b3", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2023)", "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41679-8", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41679-8", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41679-8.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G1523888516", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "FA9550-", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338279", "funder_display_name": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1634644104", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "FA9550-23-1-0416", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338279", "funder_display_name": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3387330441", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CAREER", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337391", "funder_display_name": "Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5809100787", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "FA9550", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338279", "funder_display_name": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6671297155", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CAREER", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7287459892", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CMMI-2235494", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7881591923", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2235494", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "display_name": "National Science Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322927", "display_name": "Zhejiang University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00a2xv884"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337391", "display_name": "Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation", "ror": "https://ror.org/028yd4c30"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338279", "display_name": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387044350.pdf"}, "referenced_works_count": 221, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W764472769", "https://openalex.org/W1577844245", "https://openalex.org/W1850064990", "https://openalex.org/W1907763559", "https://openalex.org/W1925563974", "https://openalex.org/W1965776533", "https://openalex.org/W1966016720", "https://openalex.org/W1997065750", "https://openalex.org/W2006062910", "https://openalex.org/W2006488635", "https://openalex.org/W2012380532", "https://openalex.org/W2015702773", "https://openalex.org/W2023012623", "https://openalex.org/W2030749064", "https://openalex.org/W2034213579", "https://openalex.org/W2038670304", "https://openalex.org/W2040666006", "https://openalex.org/W2041427762", "https://openalex.org/W2047622789", "https://openalex.org/W2049286683", "https://openalex.org/W2058364550", "https://openalex.org/W2062010943", "https://openalex.org/W2062131753", "https://openalex.org/W2066270001", "https://openalex.org/W2071887375", "https://openalex.org/W2073470977", "https://openalex.org/W2077151136", "https://openalex.org/W2077608465", "https://openalex.org/W2085227243", "https://openalex.org/W2099006292", "https://openalex.org/W2109909395", "https://openalex.org/W2113759567", "https://openalex.org/W2148339159", "https://openalex.org/W2149567066", "https://openalex.org/W2156192573", "https://openalex.org/W2183441094", "https://openalex.org/W2235476498", "https://openalex.org/W2246680568", "https://openalex.org/W2253408215", "https://openalex.org/W2262846853", "https://openalex.org/W2273419141", "https://openalex.org/W2279573609", "https://openalex.org/W2287997083", "https://openalex.org/W2292658978", "https://openalex.org/W2296203100", "https://openalex.org/W2308484484", "https://openalex.org/W2315525027", "https://openalex.org/W2332103179", "https://openalex.org/W2334814587", "https://openalex.org/W2400844351", "https://openalex.org/W2411092182", "https://openalex.org/W2417434278", "https://openalex.org/W2464353485", "https://openalex.org/W2491522496", "https://openalex.org/W2538828279", "https://openalex.org/W2546130070", "https://openalex.org/W2549482351", "https://openalex.org/W2549946485", "https://openalex.org/W2558022755", "https://openalex.org/W2563605875", "https://openalex.org/W2587546295", "https://openalex.org/W2588555035", "https://openalex.org/W2592373406", "https://openalex.org/W2612352389", "https://openalex.org/W2612719326", "https://openalex.org/W2613932940", "https://openalex.org/W2616072084", "https://openalex.org/W2617579421", "https://openalex.org/W2627046073", "https://openalex.org/W2744636636", "https://openalex.org/W2746622269", "https://openalex.org/W2754554216", "https://openalex.org/W2770328261", "https://openalex.org/W2770490993", "https://openalex.org/W2777757755", "https://openalex.org/W2779088410", "https://openalex.org/W2787431038", "https://openalex.org/W2790236242", "https://openalex.org/W2790412646", "https://openalex.org/W2790615739", "https://openalex.org/W2791363855", "https://openalex.org/W2794002323", "https://openalex.org/W2805027913", "https://openalex.org/W2805076177", "https://openalex.org/W2891254673", "https://openalex.org/W2894941290", "https://openalex.org/W2896659693", "https://openalex.org/W2902828122", "https://openalex.org/W2903486599", "https://openalex.org/W2903886252", "https://openalex.org/W2905089999", "https://openalex.org/W2908367391", "https://openalex.org/W2909091497", "https://openalex.org/W2909996990", "https://openalex.org/W2912885185", "https://openalex.org/W2913183280", "https://openalex.org/W2913632655", "https://openalex.org/W2913690290", "https://openalex.org/W2916220582", "https://openalex.org/W2924193477", "https://openalex.org/W2937368875", "https://openalex.org/W2937895236", "https://openalex.org/W2944493360", "https://openalex.org/W2945814671", "https://openalex.org/W2947195308", "https://openalex.org/W2951444841", "https://openalex.org/W2952953259", "https://openalex.org/W2953373482", "https://openalex.org/W2962940813", "https://openalex.org/W2969204160", "https://openalex.org/W2972219719", "https://openalex.org/W2973089973", "https://openalex.org/W2974878544", "https://openalex.org/W2977162469", "https://openalex.org/W2979980721", "https://openalex.org/W2984784701", "https://openalex.org/W2986819595", "https://openalex.org/W2988104341", "https://openalex.org/W2994551056", "https://openalex.org/W3000404031", "https://openalex.org/W3002508635", "https://openalex.org/W3002622933", "https://openalex.org/W3003739993", "https://openalex.org/W3016517045", "https://openalex.org/W3017663840", "https://openalex.org/W3021369147", "https://openalex.org/W3031329960", "https://openalex.org/W3031345222", "https://openalex.org/W3035921090", "https://openalex.org/W3042120613", "https://openalex.org/W3045326985", "https://openalex.org/W3045758617", "https://openalex.org/W3046160313", "https://openalex.org/W3047251031", "https://openalex.org/W3066550512", "https://openalex.org/W3080411077", "https://openalex.org/W3082366755", "https://openalex.org/W3084041896", "https://openalex.org/W3084198490", "https://openalex.org/W3084351420", "https://openalex.org/W3090041062", "https://openalex.org/W3092435893", "https://openalex.org/W3094613760", "https://openalex.org/W3097095555", "https://openalex.org/W3104517192", "https://openalex.org/W3105630405", "https://openalex.org/W3108742286", "https://openalex.org/W3110296805", "https://openalex.org/W3112513424", "https://openalex.org/W3121278036", "https://openalex.org/W3134372534", "https://openalex.org/W3155974655", "https://openalex.org/W3159503685", "https://openalex.org/W3160620305", "https://openalex.org/W3165022361", "https://openalex.org/W3165938749", "https://openalex.org/W3170070680", "https://openalex.org/W3176175954", "https://openalex.org/W3179579127", "https://openalex.org/W3196082638", "https://openalex.org/W3196234271", "https://openalex.org/W3200826440", "https://openalex.org/W3202973516", "https://openalex.org/W3207792382", "https://openalex.org/W3209568319", "https://openalex.org/W3210777470", "https://openalex.org/W3211063034", "https://openalex.org/W3211616035", "https://openalex.org/W3216139086", "https://openalex.org/W3216525895", "https://openalex.org/W3217119455", "https://openalex.org/W4200023539", "https://openalex.org/W4200040721", "https://openalex.org/W4200252681", "https://openalex.org/W4200297614", "https://openalex.org/W4200340389", "https://openalex.org/W4206547093", "https://openalex.org/W4206789278", "https://openalex.org/W4207043826", "https://openalex.org/W4210434508", "https://openalex.org/W4213417098", "https://openalex.org/W4220857711", "https://openalex.org/W4280588769", "https://openalex.org/W4281740644", "https://openalex.org/W4281892602", "https://openalex.org/W4282975176", "https://openalex.org/W4285390630", "https://openalex.org/W4291222284", "https://openalex.org/W4293796960", "https://openalex.org/W4295786248", "https://openalex.org/W4297141303", "https://openalex.org/W4297181670", "https://openalex.org/W4302012816", "https://openalex.org/W4306168832", "https://openalex.org/W4307259038", "https://openalex.org/W4308261764", "https://openalex.org/W4308386167", "https://openalex.org/W4312873698", "https://openalex.org/W4313420464", "https://openalex.org/W4313451285", "https://openalex.org/W4313466174", "https://openalex.org/W4317725790", "https://openalex.org/W4319216468", "https://openalex.org/W4319924163", "https://openalex.org/W4360609430", "https://openalex.org/W4360613468", "https://openalex.org/W4360845847", "https://openalex.org/W4361278586", "https://openalex.org/W4366259336", "https://openalex.org/W4366609324", "https://openalex.org/W4366779267", "https://openalex.org/W4383499736", "https://openalex.org/W6664997656", "https://openalex.org/W6666075447", "https://openalex.org/W6722817757", "https://openalex.org/W6731261312", "https://openalex.org/W6757493005", "https://openalex.org/W6762028679", "https://openalex.org/W6782673863", "https://openalex.org/W6805122633", "https://openalex.org/W6852449878"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4387044350", "https://openalex.org/W3112513424", "https://openalex.org/W3093918900", "https://openalex.org/W59597464", "https://openalex.org/W4319224835", "https://openalex.org/W4321442337", "https://openalex.org/W4387165167", "https://openalex.org/W362416561", "https://openalex.org/W3084351420", "https://openalex.org/W3171018961"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Mechanical": [0], "metamaterials": [1, 18, 24, 51, 70, 111, 140], "enable": [2], "the": [3, 26, 49, 116, 137, 161, 170], "creation": [4], "of": [5, 28, 34, 68, 82, 90, 105, 130, 156, 172], "structural": [6], "materials": [7], "with": [8, 115, 141], "unprecedented": [9], "mechanical": [10, 17, 23, 30, 50, 59, 69, 76, 92, 110, 128, 132, 139, 157, 176], "properties.": [11, 31], "However,": [12], "thus": [13], "far,": [14], "research": [15], "on": [16, 21], "has": [19], "focused": [20], "passive": [22], "and": [25, 41, 72, 88, 103, 108, 119, 147, 163, 166], "tunability": [27], "their": [29, 74, 167, 175], "Deep": [32], "integration": [33, 164], "multifunctionality,": [35], "sensing,": [36], "electrical": [37], "actuation,": [38], "information": [39], "processing,": [40], "advancing": [42], "data-driven": [43, 83], "designs": [44], "are": [45], "grand": [46], "challenges": [47, 154], "in": [48], "community": [52], "that": [53, 112], "could": [54], "lead": [55], "to": [56, 97, 121, 144], "truly": [57], "intelligent": [58, 149], "metamaterials.": [60, 93, 133], "In": [61], "this": [62], "perspective,": [63], "we": [64, 135], "provide": [65, 98], "an": [66], "overview": [67], "within": [71], "beyond": [73, 174], "classical": [75, 131], "functionalities.": [77], "We": [78, 151], "discuss": [79], "various": [80, 122], "aspects": [81], "approaches": [84], "for": [85, 101], "inverse": [86], "design": [87, 102, 145], "optimization": [89], "multifunctional": [91], "Our": [94], "aim": [95], "is": [96], "new": [99], "roadmaps": [100], "discovery": [104], "next-generation": [106], "active": [107], "responsive": [109], "can": [113], "interact": [114], "surrounding": [117], "environment": [118], "adapt": [120], "conditions": [123], "while": [124], "inheriting": [125], "all": [126], "outstanding": [127], "features": [129], "Next,": [134], "deliberate": [136], "emerging": [138], "specific": [142], "functionalities": [143], "informative": [146], "scientific": [148], "devices.": [150], "highlight": [152], "open": [153], "ahead": [155], "metamaterial": [158], "systems": [159], "at": [160], "component": [162], "levels": [165], "transition": [168], "into": [169], "domain": [171], "application": [173], "capabilities.": [177]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 131}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 283}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 151}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6}], "updated_date": "2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3092735877", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18801-1", "title": "Light-steered locomotion of muscle-like hydrogel by self-coordinated shape change and friction modulation", "display_name": "Light-steered locomotion of muscle-like hydrogel by self-coordinated shape change and friction modulation", "relevance_score": 30.875652, "publication_year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-10-14", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3092735877", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18801-1", "mag": "3092735877", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33056999"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18801-1", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18801-1", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18801-1.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18801-1.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101500263", "display_name": "Qing Zhu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5681-2978"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I76130692", "display_name": "Zhejiang University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00a2xv884", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Qing Li Zhu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101932246", "display_name": "Cong Du", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8098-987X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I76130692", "display_name": "Zhejiang University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00a2xv884", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Cong Du", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5047177860", "display_name": "Yahao Dai", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6393-5514"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I76130692", "display_name": "Zhejiang University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00a2xv884", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yahao Dai", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5039661501", "display_name": "Matthias Daab", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210148454", "display_name": "Bavarian Polymer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/054zwas39", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I181369854", "https://openalex.org/I25974101", "https://openalex.org/I4210148454", "https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I54009628", "display_name": "University of Bayreuth", "ror": "https://ror.org/0234wmv40", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Matthias Daab", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210148454", "https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056328623", "display_name": "Mari\u00e1n Matejdes", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3723-1844"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210148454", "display_name": "Bavarian Polymer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/054zwas39", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I181369854", "https://openalex.org/I25974101", "https://openalex.org/I4210148454", "https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I54009628", "display_name": "University of Bayreuth", "ror": "https://ror.org/0234wmv40", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Marian Matejdes", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210148454", "https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5069743496", "display_name": "Josef Breu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2547-3950"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210148454", "display_name": "Bavarian Polymer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/054zwas39", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I181369854", "https://openalex.org/I25974101", "https://openalex.org/I4210148454", "https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I54009628", "display_name": "University of Bayreuth", "ror": "https://ror.org/0234wmv40", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Josef Breu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2547-3950", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210148454", "https://openalex.org/I54009628"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5019263952", "display_name": "Wei Hong", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6598-3456"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I3045169105", "display_name": "Southern University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/049tv2d57", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Wei Hong", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. hongw@sustech.edu.cn", "Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6598-3456", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. hongw@sustech.edu.cn", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100695325", "display_name": "Qiang Zheng", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5787-4927"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I76130692", "display_name": "Zhejiang University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00a2xv884", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Qiang Zheng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080605743", "display_name": "Zi Liang Wu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1824-9563"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1327237609", "display_name": "Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/01mv9t934", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1327237609", "https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I76130692", "display_name": "Zhejiang University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00a2xv884", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zi Liang Wu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. wuziliang@zju.edu.cn", "Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1824-9563", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. wuziliang@zju.edu.cn", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 9, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5019263952"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"], "apc_list": {"value": 3920, "currency": "GBP", "value_usd": 4808}, "apc_paid": {"value": 3920, "currency": "GBP", "value_usd": 4808}, "fwci": 17.6333, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 249, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99766114, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 94, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "11", "issue": "1", "first_page": "5166", "last_page": "5166"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11737", "display_name": "Advanced Materials and Mechanics", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11486", "display_name": "Micro and Nano Robotics", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3104", "display_name": "Condensed Matter Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10338", "display_name": "Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials", "score": 0.9990000128746033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.757809042930603}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/self-healing-hydrogels", "display_name": "Self-healing hydrogels", "score": 0.7221323847770691}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-muscle", "display_name": "Artificial muscle", "score": 0.663734495639801}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator", "display_name": "Actuator", "score": 0.622704029083252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.5677924156188965}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/creatures", "display_name": "Creatures", "score": 0.5119415521621704}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "score": 0.5065571069717407}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/robot", "display_name": "Robot", "score": 0.5013852119445801}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/anisotropy", "display_name": "Anisotropy", "score": 0.47489896416664124}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/decoupling", "display_name": "Decoupling (probability)", "score": 0.4625493884086609}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/crawling", "display_name": "Crawling", "score": 0.4598551392555237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanorobotics", "display_name": "Nanorobotics", "score": 0.4131728410720825}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.31149762868881226}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.12097042798995972}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.10647842288017273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.09651806950569153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering", "display_name": "Control engineering", "score": 0.0881395936012268}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.757809042930603}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C108586683", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164826", "display_name": "Self-healing hydrogels", "level": 2, "score": 0.7221323847770691}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C196628372", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801090", "display_name": "Artificial muscle", "level": 3, "score": 0.663734495639801}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C172707124", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488", "display_name": "Actuator", "level": 2, "score": 0.622704029083252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5677924156188965}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86792732", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416338", "display_name": "Creatures", "level": 3, "score": 0.5119415521621704}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776058767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151", "display_name": "Soft robotics", "level": 3, "score": 0.5065571069717407}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C90509273", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012", "display_name": "Robot", "level": 2, "score": 0.5013852119445801}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C85725439", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686", "display_name": "Anisotropy", "level": 2, "score": 0.47489896416664124}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205606062", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645", "display_name": "Decoupling (probability)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4625493884086609}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C100368936", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411725", "display_name": "Crawling", "level": 2, "score": 0.4598551392555237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C187911381", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587024", "display_name": "Nanorobotics", "level": 2, "score": 0.4131728410720825}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.31149762868881226}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.12097042798995972}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.10647842288017273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.09651806950569153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C133731056", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288", "display_name": "Control engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.0881395936012268}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105702510", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514", "display_name": "Anatomy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498", "display_name": "Archaeology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776608160", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462", "display_name": "Natural (archaeology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188027245", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446", "display_name": "Polymer chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000080385", "descriptor_name": "Nanogels", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000080385", "descriptor_name": "Nanogels", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000080385", "descriptor_name": "Nanogels", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008124", "descriptor_name": "Locomotion", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008124", "descriptor_name": "Locomotion", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008124", "descriptor_name": "Locomotion", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012371", "descriptor_name": "Robotics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012371", "descriptor_name": "Robotics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012371", "descriptor_name": "Robotics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017276", "descriptor_name": "Friction", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017276", "descriptor_name": "Friction", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017276", "descriptor_name": "Friction", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018482", "descriptor_name": "Muscle, Skeletal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018482", "descriptor_name": "Muscle, Skeletal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018482", "descriptor_name": "Muscle, Skeletal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D032701", "descriptor_name": "Biomimetics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D032701", "descriptor_name": "Biomimetics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D032701", "descriptor_name": "Biomimetics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18801-1", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18801-1", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18801-1.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:33056999", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33056999", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature communications", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:natcom:v:11:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-020-18801-1", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18801-1", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I77793887", "host_organization_name": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I77793887"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:42081d7b43e4403ea3b8cfe3901f48eb", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/42081d7b43e4403ea3b8cfe3901f48eb", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2020)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7560679", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7560679", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nat Commun", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18801-1", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18801-1", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18801-1.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64187185", "display_name": "Nature Communications", "issn_l": "2041-1723", "issn": ["2041-1723"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Communications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G1943897345", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "LR19E030002", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338464", "funder_display_name": "Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4891125372", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "51773179", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6517790882", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "51773179, 51973189", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7395671556", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "LR19E030002", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8472392828", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "51973189", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338464", "display_name": "Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province", "ror": "https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092735877.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092735877.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 56, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1200370352", "https://openalex.org/W1486529190", "https://openalex.org/W1515749184", "https://openalex.org/W1977897177", "https://openalex.org/W1991955826", "https://openalex.org/W1993966058", "https://openalex.org/W2021903588", "https://openalex.org/W2046890061", "https://openalex.org/W2049078445", "https://openalex.org/W2056812260", "https://openalex.org/W2062141006", "https://openalex.org/W2075459747", "https://openalex.org/W2077228161", "https://openalex.org/W2079574144", "https://openalex.org/W2087401806", "https://openalex.org/W2093937828", "https://openalex.org/W2134581541", "https://openalex.org/W2156218502", "https://openalex.org/W2165476647", "https://openalex.org/W2266720690", "https://openalex.org/W2285898182", "https://openalex.org/W2295787054", "https://openalex.org/W2321638959", "https://openalex.org/W2327294914", "https://openalex.org/W2332299648", "https://openalex.org/W2413048531", "https://openalex.org/W2515930553", "https://openalex.org/W2517713314", "https://openalex.org/W2549739005", "https://openalex.org/W2560730116", "https://openalex.org/W2564130887", "https://openalex.org/W2584350454", "https://openalex.org/W2618978088", "https://openalex.org/W2725448720", "https://openalex.org/W2737227828", "https://openalex.org/W2755236976", "https://openalex.org/W2765687759", "https://openalex.org/W2785110060", "https://openalex.org/W2788127870", "https://openalex.org/W2790084889", "https://openalex.org/W2799721435", "https://openalex.org/W2805926569", "https://openalex.org/W2808772382", "https://openalex.org/W2883634730", "https://openalex.org/W2897276475", "https://openalex.org/W2909746498", "https://openalex.org/W2916891039", "https://openalex.org/W2945957160", "https://openalex.org/W2961614140", "https://openalex.org/W2964874266", "https://openalex.org/W2969509786", "https://openalex.org/W2976626448", "https://openalex.org/W2977571303", "https://openalex.org/W3007162068", "https://openalex.org/W4211124276", "https://openalex.org/W4251181231"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3094235490", "https://openalex.org/W4392865002", "https://openalex.org/W3160402413", "https://openalex.org/W3111785497", "https://openalex.org/W4388570999", "https://openalex.org/W4308998796", "https://openalex.org/W4253527034", "https://openalex.org/W4381597292", "https://openalex.org/W4307031992", "https://openalex.org/W381205944"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Many": [0], "creatures": [1], "have": [2], "the": [3, 18, 89, 120], "ability": [4], "to": [5, 34], "traverse": [6], "challenging": [7], "environments": [8], "by": [9, 53, 63, 76, 123], "using": [10], "their": [11], "active": [12], "muscles": [13], "with": [14, 114, 147], "anisotropic": [15, 72], "structures": [16], "as": [17], "motors": [19], "in": [20, 100, 119], "a": [21, 41, 103], "highly": [22], "coordinated": [23], "fashion.": [24], "However,": [25], "most": [26], "artificial": [27], "robots": [28, 122, 146], "require": [29], "multiple": [30], "independently": [31], "activated": [32], "actuators": [33], "achieve": [35], "similar": [36], "purposes.": [37], "Here": [38], "we": [39], "report": [40], "hydrogel-based,": [42], "biomimetic": [43, 148], "soft": [44, 121, 145], "robot": [45], "capable": [46], "of": [47, 66, 126, 143], "multimodal": [48], "locomotion": [49], "fueled": [50], "and": [51, 68, 80, 97, 112, 129, 138], "steered": [52], "light": [54, 87, 134], "irradiation.": [55], "A": [56], "muscle-like": [57], "poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)": [58], "nanocomposite": [59], "hydrogel": [60], "is": [61], "prepared": [62], "electrical": [64, 78], "orientation": [65, 79], "nanosheets": [67], "subsequent": [69], "gelation.": [70], "Patterned": [71], "hydrogels": [73, 91], "are": [74, 117], "fabricated": [75], "multi-step": [77], "photolithographic": [81], "polymerization,": [82], "affording": [83], "programmed": [84], "deformations.": [85], "Under": [86], "irradiation,": [88], "gold-nanoparticle-incorporated": [90], "undergo": [92], "concurrent": [93], "fast": [94], "isochoric": [95], "deformation": [96], "rapid": [98], "increase": [99], "friction": [101, 130], "against": [102], "hydrophobic": [104], "substrate.": [105], "Versatile": [106], "motion": [107], "gaits": [108], "including": [109], "crawling,": [110], "walking,": [111], "turning": [113], "controllable": [115], "directions": [116], "realized": [118], "dynamic": [124], "synergy": [125], "localized": [127], "shape-changing": [128], "manipulation": [131], "under": [132], "spatiotemporal": [133], "stimuli.": [135], "The": [136], "principle": [137], "strategy": [139], "should": [140], "merit": [141], "designing": [142], "continuum": [144], "mechanisms.": [149]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 52}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 50}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 49}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 58}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 34}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2}], "updated_date": "2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2890014534", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40204-018-0095-0", "title": "Cellulose-based hydrogel materials: chemistry, properties and their prospective applications", "display_name": "Cellulose-based hydrogel materials: chemistry, properties and their prospective applications", "relevance_score": 30.542023, "publication_year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-09-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2890014534", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40204-018-0095-0", "mag": "2890014534", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30182344"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/s40204-018-0095-0", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40204-018-0095-0", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40204-018-0095-0.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2737522682", "display_name": "Progress in Biomaterials", "issn_l": "2194-0509", "issn": ["2194-0509", "2194-0517"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319965", "host_organization_name": "Springer Nature", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Progress in Biomaterials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40204-018-0095-0.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5039937794", "display_name": "S M Fijul Kabir", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-2022"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I121820613", "display_name": "Louisiana State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05ect4e57", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "S M Fijul Kabir", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Textiles, Apparel Design and Merchandising, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA. mahin.tex.7393@gmail.com", "Department of Textiles, Apparel Design and Merchandising, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-2022", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Textiles, Apparel Design and Merchandising, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA. mahin.tex.7393@gmail.com", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Textiles, Apparel Design and Merchandising, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5010612422", "display_name": "Partha Sikdar", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6866-1073"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165733156", "display_name": "University of Georgia", "ror": "https://ror.org/00te3t702", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Partha P. Sikdar", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5064242856", "display_name": "Bazle Z. Haque", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0836-3864"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I894293524", "display_name": "University of Chittagong", "ror": "https://ror.org/01173vs27", "country_code": "BD", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I894293524"]}], "countries": ["BD"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "B. Haque", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Textile Engineering, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Textile Engineering, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I894293524"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5051703913", "display_name": "M. A. Rahman Bhuiyan", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210144275", "display_name": "Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03qxvyy35", "country_code": "BD", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}], "countries": ["BD"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "M. A. Rahman Bhuiyan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Textile Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, DUET, Gazipur, 1700, Bangladesh"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Textile Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, DUET, Gazipur, 1700, Bangladesh", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5073133747", "display_name": "Ayub Ali", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2767-553X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210144275", "display_name": "Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03qxvyy35", "country_code": "BD", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}], "countries": ["BD"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "A. Ali", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Textile Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, DUET, Gazipur, 1700, Bangladesh"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Textile Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, DUET, Gazipur, 1700, Bangladesh", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111352210", "display_name": "Md. Nurul Islam", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210144275", "display_name": "Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03qxvyy35", "country_code": "BD", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}], "countries": ["BD"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "M. N. Islam", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, DUET, Gazipur, 1700, Bangladesh"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, DUET, Gazipur, 1700, Bangladesh", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210144275"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 6, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5039937794"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I121820613"], "apc_list": {"value": 2390, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 2990}, "apc_paid": {"value": 2390, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 2990}, "fwci": 14.0163, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 551, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99612403, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 94, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "7", "issue": "3", "first_page": "153", "last_page": "174"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10343", "display_name": "Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1313", "display_name": "Molecular Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10343", "display_name": "Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1313", "display_name": "Molecular Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10729", "display_name": "Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications", "score": 0.9854999780654907, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2502", "display_name": "Biomaterials"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10610", "display_name": "Advanced Cellulose Research Studies", "score": 0.9836000204086304, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2502", "display_name": "Biomaterials"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/self-healing-hydrogels", "display_name": "Self-healing hydrogels", "score": 0.9264286756515503}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biopolymer", "display_name": "Biopolymer", "score": 0.6982508897781372}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cellulose", "display_name": "Cellulose", "score": 0.6914764046669006}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biocompatible-material", "display_name": "Biocompatible material", "score": 0.6247832775115967}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biocompatibility", "display_name": "Biocompatibility", "score": 0.5578144788742065}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.5487178564071655}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.543371856212616}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanocellulose", "display_name": "Nanocellulose", "score": 0.540598452091217}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-engineering", "display_name": "Tissue engineering", "score": 0.4816681146621704}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-delivery", "display_name": "Drug delivery", "score": 0.4723038673400879}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biodegradation", "display_name": "Biodegradation", "score": 0.45542922616004944}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chitosan", "display_name": "Chitosan", "score": 0.42174601554870605}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer", "display_name": "Polymer", "score": 0.38823607563972473}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-science", "display_name": "Polymer science", "score": 0.3795546889305115}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering", "display_name": "Chemical engineering", "score": 0.2905063331127167}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering", "display_name": "Biomedical engineering", "score": 0.2528102397918701}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.21981894969940186}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material", "display_name": "Composite material", "score": 0.16962727904319763}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "score": 0.14331862330436707}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-chemistry", "display_name": "Polymer chemistry", "score": 0.11278218030929565}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.11018556356430054}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C108586683", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164826", "display_name": "Self-healing hydrogels", "level": 2, "score": 0.9264286756515503}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778636629", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422649", "display_name": "Biopolymer", "level": 3, "score": 0.6982508897781372}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779251873", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80294", "display_name": "Cellulose", "level": 2, "score": 0.6914764046669006}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C1318750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865663", "display_name": "Biocompatible material", "level": 2, "score": 0.6247832775115967}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777230088", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864426", "display_name": "Biocompatibility", "level": 2, "score": 0.5578144788742065}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5487178564071655}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.543371856212616}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777968448", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6964006", "display_name": "Nanocellulose", "level": 3, "score": 0.540598452091217}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49892992", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540285", "display_name": "Tissue engineering", "level": 2, "score": 0.4816681146621704}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779820397", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806", "display_name": "Drug delivery", "level": 2, "score": 0.4723038673400879}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C157021035", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q696715", "display_name": "Biodegradation", "level": 2, "score": 0.45542922616004944}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779732960", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408510", "display_name": "Chitosan", "level": 2, "score": 0.42174601554870605}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C521977710", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163", "display_name": "Polymer", "level": 2, "score": 0.38823607563972473}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126348684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3456979", "display_name": "Polymer science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3795546889305115}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C42360764", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588", "display_name": "Chemical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.2905063331127167}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136229726", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092", "display_name": "Biomedical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.2528102397918701}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.21981894969940186}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790", "display_name": "Composite material", "level": 1, "score": 0.16962727904319763}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.14331862330436707}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188027245", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446", "display_name": "Polymer chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.11278218030929565}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.11018556356430054}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C191897082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467", "display_name": "Metallurgy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1007/s40204-018-0095-0", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40204-018-0095-0", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40204-018-0095-0.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2737522682", "display_name": "Progress in Biomaterials", "issn_l": "2194-0509", "issn": ["2194-0509", "2194-0517"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319965", "host_organization_name": "Springer Nature", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Progress in Biomaterials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:30182344", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30182344", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Progress in biomaterials", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:05ab7e7d229546b18e5e6b28193a5465", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/05ab7e7d229546b18e5e6b28193a5465", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401280", "display_name": "DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Progress in Biomaterials, Vol 7, Iss 3, Pp 153-174 (2018)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5136022", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6173681", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/s40204-018-0095-0", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40204-018-0095-0", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40204-018-0095-0.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2737522682", "display_name": "Progress in Biomaterials", "issn_l": "2194-0509", "issn": ["2194-0509", "2194-0517"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319965", "host_organization_name": "Springer Nature", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Progress in Biomaterials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"score": 0.5899999737739563, "display_name": "Zero hunger", "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890014534.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890014534.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 239, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W26198002", "https://openalex.org/W65157947", "https://openalex.org/W103174380", "https://openalex.org/W108014144", "https://openalex.org/W164136508", "https://openalex.org/W192852174", "https://openalex.org/W208525513", "https://openalex.org/W560757485", "https://openalex.org/W657862629", "https://openalex.org/W1040091886", "https://openalex.org/W1458672946", "https://openalex.org/W1541878231", "https://openalex.org/W1601951162", "https://openalex.org/W1623645098", "https://openalex.org/W1830093402", "https://openalex.org/W1911657064", "https://openalex.org/W1949073676", "https://openalex.org/W1963165990", "https://openalex.org/W1964034463", "https://openalex.org/W1967542656", "https://openalex.org/W1968760803", "https://openalex.org/W1974190631", "https://openalex.org/W1974692962", "https://openalex.org/W1975041423", "https://openalex.org/W1977986618", "https://openalex.org/W1982149038", "https://openalex.org/W1982897964", "https://openalex.org/W1983919257", "https://openalex.org/W1984134993", "https://openalex.org/W1985867042", "https://openalex.org/W1986024675", "https://openalex.org/W1986462180", "https://openalex.org/W1986601289", "https://openalex.org/W1987281985", "https://openalex.org/W1987799086", "https://openalex.org/W1991159371", "https://openalex.org/W1992372132", "https://openalex.org/W1993313436", "https://openalex.org/W1993549321", "https://openalex.org/W1995297564", "https://openalex.org/W1996081221", "https://openalex.org/W1997353385", "https://openalex.org/W1999917818", "https://openalex.org/W2000141051", "https://openalex.org/W2001146914", "https://openalex.org/W2002322451", "https://openalex.org/W2002546048", "https://openalex.org/W2004147170", "https://openalex.org/W2004411704", "https://openalex.org/W2005734140", "https://openalex.org/W2008930746", "https://openalex.org/W2009391018", "https://openalex.org/W2010064799", "https://openalex.org/W2010337583", "https://openalex.org/W2012247046", "https://openalex.org/W2013910920", "https://openalex.org/W2017222653", "https://openalex.org/W2020473652", "https://openalex.org/W2021443749", "https://openalex.org/W2023876249", "https://openalex.org/W2024306244", "https://openalex.org/W2025023802", "https://openalex.org/W2025286606", "https://openalex.org/W2026671507", "https://openalex.org/W2028919503", "https://openalex.org/W2029380892", "https://openalex.org/W2029454275", "https://openalex.org/W2029864795", "https://openalex.org/W2029987677", "https://openalex.org/W2030841219", "https://openalex.org/W2033395035", "https://openalex.org/W2036766687", "https://openalex.org/W2037907185", "https://openalex.org/W2037989724", "https://openalex.org/W2038270946", "https://openalex.org/W2038337386", "https://openalex.org/W2038760102", "https://openalex.org/W2039626751", "https://openalex.org/W2039759276", "https://openalex.org/W2043638822", "https://openalex.org/W2044512869", "https://openalex.org/W2045869819", "https://openalex.org/W2047004418", "https://openalex.org/W2047439171", "https://openalex.org/W2048893610", "https://openalex.org/W2050223779", "https://openalex.org/W2050275797", "https://openalex.org/W2050582434", "https://openalex.org/W2053520747", "https://openalex.org/W2054200136", "https://openalex.org/W2054630868", "https://openalex.org/W2055037957", "https://openalex.org/W2055737025", "https://openalex.org/W2056170322", "https://openalex.org/W2059237926", "https://openalex.org/W2060219787", "https://openalex.org/W2060239018", "https://openalex.org/W2060747147", "https://openalex.org/W2062734456", "https://openalex.org/W2064327972", "https://openalex.org/W2069646669", "https://openalex.org/W2069716590", "https://openalex.org/W2070510983", "https://openalex.org/W2070613572", "https://openalex.org/W2070708980", "https://openalex.org/W2070897626", "https://openalex.org/W2071182500", "https://openalex.org/W2071241319", "https://openalex.org/W2072639108", "https://openalex.org/W2073089708", "https://openalex.org/W2073220260", "https://openalex.org/W2074009942", "https://openalex.org/W2074172808", "https://openalex.org/W2075270683", "https://openalex.org/W2075550012", "https://openalex.org/W2075895183", "https://openalex.org/W2076393316", "https://openalex.org/W2077474285", "https://openalex.org/W2079497360", "https://openalex.org/W2079714189", "https://openalex.org/W2080655098", "https://openalex.org/W2081072481", "https://openalex.org/W2082460036", "https://openalex.org/W2082511674", "https://openalex.org/W2082516633", "https://openalex.org/W2082593275", "https://openalex.org/W2085252235", "https://openalex.org/W2085904428", "https://openalex.org/W2087296068", "https://openalex.org/W2087848905", "https://openalex.org/W2089478718", "https://openalex.org/W2089869065", "https://openalex.org/W2090688448", "https://openalex.org/W2090924882", "https://openalex.org/W2091573294", "https://openalex.org/W2092815151", "https://openalex.org/W2093084549", "https://openalex.org/W2093678779", "https://openalex.org/W2095214401", "https://openalex.org/W2095295786", "https://openalex.org/W2095330478", "https://openalex.org/W2096325028", "https://openalex.org/W2097246107", "https://openalex.org/W2099739435", "https://openalex.org/W2101307868", "https://openalex.org/W2102517120", "https://openalex.org/W2105487601", "https://openalex.org/W2109748456", "https://openalex.org/W2113260683", "https://openalex.org/W2113536011", "https://openalex.org/W2117141982", "https://openalex.org/W2117504176", "https://openalex.org/W2120749561", "https://openalex.org/W2123236876", "https://openalex.org/W2123626980", "https://openalex.org/W2129431680", "https://openalex.org/W2135607345", "https://openalex.org/W2138587680", "https://openalex.org/W2140023416", "https://openalex.org/W2146865897", "https://openalex.org/W2146894143", "https://openalex.org/W2150043177", "https://openalex.org/W2153186862", "https://openalex.org/W2153609543", "https://openalex.org/W2155123842", "https://openalex.org/W2158643446", "https://openalex.org/W2162935363", "https://openalex.org/W2164158598", "https://openalex.org/W2165694975", "https://openalex.org/W2166713231", "https://openalex.org/W2168553430", "https://openalex.org/W2168565232", "https://openalex.org/W2172526540", "https://openalex.org/W2173855315", "https://openalex.org/W2177912268", "https://openalex.org/W2178217481", "https://openalex.org/W2188478439", "https://openalex.org/W2191510821", "https://openalex.org/W2213123672", "https://openalex.org/W2232949336", "https://openalex.org/W2277784928", "https://openalex.org/W2282732918", "https://openalex.org/W2346702600", "https://openalex.org/W2434440466", "https://openalex.org/W2461808050", "https://openalex.org/W2474672080", "https://openalex.org/W2479686103", "https://openalex.org/W2497983138", "https://openalex.org/W2503228908", "https://openalex.org/W2505384836", "https://openalex.org/W2507122172", "https://openalex.org/W2510527553", "https://openalex.org/W2510743572", "https://openalex.org/W2515304405", "https://openalex.org/W2533752450", "https://openalex.org/W2538817287", "https://openalex.org/W2556648064", "https://openalex.org/W2564072959", "https://openalex.org/W2567304368", "https://openalex.org/W2570559823", "https://openalex.org/W2574596283", "https://openalex.org/W2581108109", "https://openalex.org/W2588008101", "https://openalex.org/W2590972572", "https://openalex.org/W2592202557", "https://openalex.org/W2594220951", "https://openalex.org/W2595445915", "https://openalex.org/W2595460557", "https://openalex.org/W2598515477", "https://openalex.org/W2599915121", "https://openalex.org/W2600657892", "https://openalex.org/W2602202569", "https://openalex.org/W2606251873", "https://openalex.org/W2606613305", "https://openalex.org/W2607673049", "https://openalex.org/W2609370489", "https://openalex.org/W2620432528", "https://openalex.org/W2627261965", "https://openalex.org/W2725037658", "https://openalex.org/W2737076079", "https://openalex.org/W2739711495", "https://openalex.org/W2746514904", "https://openalex.org/W2749159026", "https://openalex.org/W2751884628", "https://openalex.org/W2759076229", "https://openalex.org/W2759459798", "https://openalex.org/W2765386909", "https://openalex.org/W2804660460", "https://openalex.org/W3152061358", "https://openalex.org/W3161150044", "https://openalex.org/W4211210645", "https://openalex.org/W4229815098", "https://openalex.org/W4232948687", "https://openalex.org/W4234153906", "https://openalex.org/W4244523227", "https://openalex.org/W4246443448", "https://openalex.org/W4250492799", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W4302499582"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1983347197", "https://openalex.org/W3096286327", "https://openalex.org/W4285384174", "https://openalex.org/W2769828805", "https://openalex.org/W4248606791", "https://openalex.org/W4307982697", "https://openalex.org/W4379805184", "https://openalex.org/W2542631857", "https://openalex.org/W4220701089", "https://openalex.org/W1914487535"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Hydrogels": [0], "based": [1], "on": [2, 97], "cellulose": [3], "comprising": [4], "many": [5, 37], "organic": [6], "biopolymers": [7], "including": [8, 181], "cellulose,": [9], "chitin,": [10], "and": [11, 20, 49, 63, 86, 106, 151, 165, 190, 194, 203], "chitosan": [12], "are": [13, 94, 110], "the": [14, 28, 82, 92, 134, 163], "hydrophilic": [15], "material,": [16], "which": [17], "can": [18, 60], "absorb": [19], "retain": [21], "a": [22, 53, 70, 140], "huge": [23], "proportion": [24], "of": [25, 31, 133, 162, 171], "water": [26], "in": [27, 73, 78, 119, 145, 178, 200], "interstitial": [29], "sites": [30], "their": [32, 103, 176], "structures.": [33], "These": [34, 136], "polymers": [35], "feature": [36], "amazing": [38], "properties": [39, 170], "such": [40, 184], "as": [41, 112, 148, 185, 197, 199, 206], "responsiveness": [42], "to": [43, 69, 102, 116, 122], "pH,": [44], "time,": [45], "temperature,": [46], "chemical": [47], "species": [48], "biological": [50], "conditions": [51], "besides": [52], "very": [54], "high-water": [55], "absorption": [56], "capacity.": [57], "Biopolymer": [58], "hydrogels": [59, 100, 109, 137, 173], "be": [61, 117], "manipulated": [62], "crafted": [64], "for": [65, 143], "numerous": [66], "applications": [67, 144, 177, 205], "leading": [68], "tremendous": [71], "boom": [72], "research": [74, 167], "during": [75], "recent": [76, 164], "times": [77], "scientific": [79], "communities.": [80], "With": [81], "growing": [83], "environmental": [84], "concerns": [85], "an": [87, 160], "emergent": [88], "demand,": [89], "researchers": [90], "throughout": [91], "globe": [93], "concentrating": [95], "particularly": [96], "naturally": [98], "derived": [99], "due": [101], "biocompatibility,": [104], "biodegradability": [105], "abundance.": [107], "Cellulose-based": [108], "considered": [111], "useful": [113, 154], "biocompatible": [114], "materials": [115, 150], "used": [118], "medical": [120], "devices": [121], "treat,": [123], "augment": [124], "or": [125, 130], "replace": [126], "any": [127], "tissue,": [128], "organ,": [129], "help": [131], "function": [132], "body.": [135], "also": [138], "hold": [139], "great": [141], "promise": [142], "agricultural": [146], "activity,": [147], "smart": [149, 207], "some": [152], "other": [153], "industrial": [155, 204], "purposes.": [156], "This": [157], "review": [158], "offers": [159], "overview": [161], "contemporary": [166], "regarding": [168], "physiochemical": [169], "cellulose-based": [172], "along": [174], "with": [175], "multidisciplinary": [179], "areas": [180], "biomedical": [182], "fields": [183], "drug": [186], "delivery,": [187], "tissue": [188], "engineering": [189], "wound": [191], "healing,": [192], "healthcare": [193], "hygienic": [195], "products": [196], "well": [198], "agriculture,": [201], "textiles": [202], "materials.": [208]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 18}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 88}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 94}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 98}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 76}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 102}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 52}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 21}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2}], "updated_date": "2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}], "group_by": []}