{"meta": {"count": 167920, "db_response_time_ms": 218, "page": 1, "per_page": 25, "groups_count": null, "x_query": {"oql": "works where concepts.id is (C95457728)\n  and full text has (stemmed \"20th century\")", "oqo": {"get_rows": "works", "filter_rows": [{"column_id": "concepts.id", "value": "C95457728"}, {"column_id": "fulltext.search", "value": "\"20th century\"", "operator": "has"}]}, "url": "/works?filter=concepts.id:C95457728,fulltext.search:%2220th century%22"}, "cost_usd": 0.001}, "results": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/W2018645573", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1017/ccol0521633230", "title": "Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century: The Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium", "display_name": "Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century: The Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium", "relevance_score": 382.2737, "publication_year": 1998, "publication_date": "1998-01-28", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2018645573", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1017/ccol0521633230", "mag": "2018645573"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1017/ccol0521633230", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/ccol0521633230", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306462995", "display_name": "Cambridge University Press eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311721", "host_organization_name": "Cambridge University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311721", "https://openalex.org/P4310311702"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Cambridge University Press", "University of Cambridge"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "edited-book"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5141751843", "display_name": "Steinar 1942- Str\u00f8m", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Str\u00f8m, Steinar 1942-", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5141626848", "display_name": "Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium 1995 Oslo", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium 1995 Oslo", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5141751843"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 7.1937, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 582, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.96917148, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 94, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11742", "display_name": "Economic Theory and Policy", "score": 0.7810999751091003, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2000", "display_name": "General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11742", "display_name": "Economic Theory and Policy", "score": 0.7810999751091003, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2000", "display_name": "General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10785", "display_name": "Economic Theory and Institutions", "score": 0.7318000197410583, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2002", "display_name": "Economics and Econometrics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12137", "display_name": "Economic theories and models", "score": 0.7193999886512756, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2002", "display_name": "Economics and Econometrics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/centennial", "display_name": "Centennial", "score": 0.9702972173690796}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/economics", "display_name": "Economics", "score": 0.41079574823379517}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-history", "display_name": "Economic history", "score": 0.4089236557483673}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics", "display_name": "Mathematical economics", "score": 0.37362247705459595}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.3285757303237915}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology", "display_name": "Archaeology", "score": 0.09224545955657959}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778086194", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48995876", "display_name": "Centennial", "level": 2, "score": 0.9702972173690796}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.41079574823379517}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398", "display_name": "Economic history", "level": 1, "score": 0.4089236557483673}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144237770", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534", "display_name": "Mathematical economics", "level": 1, "score": 0.37362247705459595}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.3285757303237915}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498", "display_name": "Archaeology", "level": 1, "score": 0.09224545955657959}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1017/ccol0521633230", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/ccol0521633230", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306462995", "display_name": "Cambridge University Press eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311721", "host_organization_name": "Cambridge University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311721", "https://openalex.org/P4310311702"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Cambridge University Press", "University of Cambridge"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "edited-book"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008341979", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam029/98026460.html", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1544078562", "https://openalex.org/W2570151327", "https://openalex.org/W2988354113", "https://openalex.org/W3155179563", "https://openalex.org/W4206626277", "https://openalex.org/W2066330555", "https://openalex.org/W182758585", "https://openalex.org/W2754214600", "https://openalex.org/W4235477066", "https://openalex.org/W2019976202"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Introduction": [0], "List": [1], "of": [2, 19, 33, 44, 61, 179, 194, 211, 240, 262], "contributors": [3], "Part": [4, 54, 87, 110, 135, 186, 233], "I.": [5], "Ragnar": [6, 14, 28, 45, 208, 231, 241], "Frisch": [7, 15, 29, 46, 84, 242, 255], "and": [8, 24, 30, 37, 49, 65, 71, 78, 83, 100, 105, 122, 128, 159, 192, 203, 230, 246], "his": [9, 198], "Contributions": [10], "to": [11, 47, 153, 166, 264], "Economics:": [12], "1.": [13], "at": [16], "the": [17, 31, 34, 94, 116, 129, 195, 212, 258, 260, 271, 282], "University": [18], "Oslo": [20], "Jens": [21], "C.": [22], "Andvig": [23], "Tore": [25], "Thonstad": [26], "2.": [27], "foundation": [32], "econometric": [35], "society": [36], "Econometrica": [38], "Olav": [39], "Bjerkholt": [40], "3.": [41], "The": [42, 238], "contributions": [43], "economics": [48], "econometrics": [50, 143], "John": [51], "S.": [52, 174], "Chipman": [53], "II.": [55], "Utility": [56], "Measurement:": [57], "4.": [58], "Nonparametric": [59], "estimation": [60], "exact": [62], "consumer": [63], "surplus": [64], "deadweight": [66], "loss": [67], "Jerry": [68], "A.": [69, 287], "Hausman": [70], "Whitney": [72], "K.": [73], "Newey": [74], "5.": [75], "Consumer": [76], "demand": [77], "intertemporal": [79], "allocations:": [80], "Engle,": [81], "Slutsky": [82], "Richard": [85], "Blundell": [86], "III.": [88], "Production": [89, 92], "Theory:": [90], "6.": [91], "functions:": [93], "search": [95], "for": [96, 273], "identification": [97], "Zvi": [98], "Griliches": [99], "Jacques": [101], "Mairesse": [102], "7.": [103], "Investment": [104], "growth": [106], "Dale": [107], "W.": [108], "Jorgenson": [109], "IV.": [111], "Microeconomic": [112], "Policy:": [113], "8.": [114], "Evaluating": [115], "Welfare": [117], "State": [118], "James": [119], "J.": [120, 288], "Heckman": [121], "Jeffrey": [123], "Smith": [124], "9.": [125], "Frisch,": [126], "hotelling": [127], "marginal-cost": [130], "pricing": [131], "controversy": [132], "Jean-Jacques": [133], "Laffont": [134], "V.": [136], "Econometrics": [137], "Methods:": [138], "10.": [139], "Scientific": [140], "explanations": [141], "in": [142, 168, 170, 248, 257, 276], "Bernt": [144], "P.": [145], "Stigum": [146], "11.": [147], "An": [148], "autoregressive": [149], "distribution-lag": [150], "modelling": [151], "approach": [152], "cointegration": [154], "analysis": [155, 178], "M.": [156], "Hashem": [157], "Pesaran": [158], "Yongcheol": [160], "Shin": [161], "12.": [162], "Econometric": [163], "issues": [164], "related": [165], "errors": [167], "variables": [169], "financial": [171], "models": [172], "G.": [173, 228], "Maddala": [175], "13.": [176], "Statistical": [177], "some": [180], "nonstationary": [181], "time": [182], "series": [183], "Soren": [184], "Johansen": [185], "VI.": [187], "Macrodynamics:": [188], "14.": [189], "Frisch's": [190, 209], "vision": [191], "explanation": [193], "trade-cycle": [196], "phenomenon:": [197], "connection": [199], "with": [200], "Wicksell,": [201], "Akerman": [202], "Schumpeter": [204], "Bjorn": [205], "Thalberg": [206], "15.": [207], "conception": [210], "business": [213], "cycle": [214], "Lawrence": [215], "R.": [216], "Klein": [217], "16.": [218], "Business": [219], "cycles:": [220], "real": [221], "facts": [222], "or": [223], "fallacies?": [224], "Gunnar": [225], "Bardsen,": [226], "Paul": [227], "Fisher": [229], "Nymoen": [232], "VII.": [234], "Macroeconomic": [235], "Planning:": [236], "17.": [237], "influence": [239], "on": [243], "macroeconomic": [244, 274], "planning": [245, 266, 275], "policy": [247], "Norway": [249], "Petter": [250], "Jakob": [251], "Bjerve": [252], "18.": [253], "How": [254], "saw": [256], "1960s": [259], "contribution": [261], "economists": [263], "development": [265], "E.": [267], "Malinvaud": [268], "19.": [269], "On": [270], "need": [272], "market": [277], "economies:": [278], "three": [279], "examples": [280], "from": [281], "European": [283], "Monetary": [284], "Union": [285], "project": [286], "Hughes": [289], "Hallett": [290], "Author": [291], "index": [292], "Subject": [293], "index.": [294]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 38}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 31}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 50}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 31}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 33}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 23}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 37}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 23}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 25}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 32}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 24}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 45}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 33}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 27}], "updated_date": "2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2798167482", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2091432", "title": "Primitive Rebels: Studies in Archaic Forms of Social Movement in the 19th and 20th Centuries.", "display_name": "Primitive Rebels: Studies in Archaic Forms of Social Movement in the 19th and 20th Centuries.", "relevance_score": 374.85922, "publication_year": 1964, "publication_date": "1964-10-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2798167482", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2091432", "mag": "2798167482"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.2307/2091432", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2091432", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S157620343", "display_name": "American Sociological Review", "issn_l": "0003-1224", "issn": ["0003-1224", "1939-8271"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320017", "host_organization_name": "SAGE Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["SAGE Publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "American Sociological Review", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5048447032", "display_name": "C\u00e9sar Gra\u00f1a", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Cesar Grana", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5112080533", "display_name": "E. J. Hobsbawm", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "E. J. Hobsbawm", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 7.7399, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 623, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.96898088, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "29", "issue": "5", "first_page": "761", "last_page": "761"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12219", "display_name": "Canadian Identity and History", "score": 0.2770000100135803, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12219", "display_name": "Canadian Identity and History", "score": 0.2770000100135803, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/movement", "display_name": "Movement (music)", "score": 0.6152338981628418}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/late-19th-century", "display_name": "Late 19th century", "score": 0.5203053951263428}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.413729727268219}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-history", "display_name": "Ancient history", "score": 0.3555159568786621}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.3374742865562439}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art", "display_name": "Art", "score": 0.24185484647750854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics", "display_name": "Aesthetics", "score": 0.23230725526809692}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/period", "display_name": "Period (music)", "score": 0.0858134925365448}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780226923", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848", "display_name": "Movement (music)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6152338981628418}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3018868712", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6955", "display_name": "Late 19th century", "level": 3, "score": 0.5203053951263428}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.413729727268219}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493", "display_name": "Ancient history", "level": 1, "score": 0.3555159568786621}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.3374742865562439}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.24185484647750854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986", "display_name": "Aesthetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.23230725526809692}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781291010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580", "display_name": "Period (music)", "level": 2, "score": 0.0858134925365448}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.2307/2091432", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2091432", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S157620343", "display_name": "American Sociological Review", "issn_l": "0003-1224", "issn": ["0003-1224", "1939-8271"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320017", "host_organization_name": "SAGE Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["SAGE Publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "American Sociological Review", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Reduced inequalities", "score": 0.44999998807907104, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2184114188", "https://openalex.org/W2348328675", "https://openalex.org/W4287943835", "https://openalex.org/W755688445", "https://openalex.org/W2353407213", "https://openalex.org/W2479613937", "https://openalex.org/W2738039334", "https://openalex.org/W2087879686"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 41}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 39}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 43}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 25}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 46}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 78}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 16}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 18}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 7}], "updated_date": "2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4210953222", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420040202", "title": "A brief history of teratology to the early 20th century", "display_name": "A brief history of teratology to the early 20th century", "relevance_score": 361.69748, "publication_year": 1971, "publication_date": "1971-05-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4210953222", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420040202"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/tera.1420040202", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420040202", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4394736631", "display_name": "Teratology", "issn_l": "0040-3709", "issn": ["0040-3709", "1096-9926"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Teratology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109082550", "display_name": "Mark V. Barrow", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I33213144", "display_name": "University of Florida", "ror": "https://ror.org/02y3ad647", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I94062374", "display_name": "Florida College", "ror": "https://ror.org/010bgev76", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I94062374"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Mark V. Barrow", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32601"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32601", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I33213144", "https://openalex.org/I94062374"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5109082550"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I33213144", "https://openalex.org/I94062374"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 11.8335, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 390, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.98327436, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "4", "issue": "2", "first_page": "119", "last_page": "129"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12990", "display_name": "Medical History and Innovations", "score": 0.9484000205993652, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1202", "display_name": "History"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12990", "display_name": "Medical History and Innovations", "score": 0.9484000205993652, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1202", "display_name": "History"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/teratology", "display_name": "Teratology", "score": 0.9131243228912354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.35143062472343445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.13408979773521423}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy", "display_name": "Pregnancy", "score": 0.09317249059677124}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.03794321417808533}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C65290608", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631521", "display_name": "Teratology", "level": 4, "score": 0.9131243228912354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.35143062472343445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.13408979773521423}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779234561", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995", "display_name": "Pregnancy", "level": 2, "score": 0.09317249059677124}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.03794321417808533}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C46973012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627", "display_name": "Gestation", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1002/tera.1420040202", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420040202", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4394736631", "display_name": "Teratology", "issn_l": "0040-3709", "issn": ["0040-3709", "1096-9926"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Teratology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Quality Education", "score": 0.5699999928474426, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 64, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W216166791", "https://openalex.org/W581746628", "https://openalex.org/W589248068", "https://openalex.org/W604669990", "https://openalex.org/W996675263", "https://openalex.org/W1454657838", "https://openalex.org/W1556373153", "https://openalex.org/W1582455692", "https://openalex.org/W1608827245", "https://openalex.org/W1739118542", "https://openalex.org/W1979075583", "https://openalex.org/W1983784529", "https://openalex.org/W1995054229", "https://openalex.org/W1997419128", "https://openalex.org/W2000201744", "https://openalex.org/W2003123080", "https://openalex.org/W2013660248", "https://openalex.org/W2016207287", "https://openalex.org/W2016747640", "https://openalex.org/W2030302791", "https://openalex.org/W2030323043", "https://openalex.org/W2033467220", "https://openalex.org/W2043677618", "https://openalex.org/W2066695806", "https://openalex.org/W2068702607", "https://openalex.org/W2076730722", "https://openalex.org/W2076997194", "https://openalex.org/W2085673937", "https://openalex.org/W2091901765", "https://openalex.org/W2114803329", "https://openalex.org/W2134916671", "https://openalex.org/W2146527484", "https://openalex.org/W2158429256", "https://openalex.org/W2191355326", "https://openalex.org/W2230490529", "https://openalex.org/W2261890604", "https://openalex.org/W2293501257", "https://openalex.org/W2328188976", "https://openalex.org/W2335256483", "https://openalex.org/W2410705406", "https://openalex.org/W2410868151", "https://openalex.org/W2413618449", "https://openalex.org/W2510964141", "https://openalex.org/W2797732760", "https://openalex.org/W2976628420", "https://openalex.org/W3157669274", "https://openalex.org/W4210481443", "https://openalex.org/W4212956339", "https://openalex.org/W4214822558", "https://openalex.org/W4232906703", "https://openalex.org/W4236170205", "https://openalex.org/W4239927990", "https://openalex.org/W4244091787", "https://openalex.org/W4248991397", "https://openalex.org/W4254358671", "https://openalex.org/W4296540942", "https://openalex.org/W4297925259", "https://openalex.org/W4312869581", "https://openalex.org/W4323970752", "https://openalex.org/W4404810063", "https://openalex.org/W6644847557", "https://openalex.org/W6714780081", "https://openalex.org/W6715478034", "https://openalex.org/W6792048661"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4210979349", "https://openalex.org/W2419668790", "https://openalex.org/W2417689426", "https://openalex.org/W2062430536", "https://openalex.org/W614425779", "https://openalex.org/W2413286353", "https://openalex.org/W373894756", "https://openalex.org/W353232180", "https://openalex.org/W582180982", "https://openalex.org/W572130247"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 373}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3}], "updated_date": "2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W596261855", "doi": null, "title": "Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice and 21st Century Potential", "display_name": "Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice and 21st Century Potential", "relevance_score": 313.2603, "publication_year": 2005, "publication_date": "2005-03-30", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W596261855", "mag": "596261855"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015920926", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip053/2004027014.html", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5054059467", "display_name": "Gene Sharp", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gene Sharp", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5001865655", "display_name": "Joshua C. Paulson", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Joshua C. Paulson", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 51.4901, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 386, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99764429, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13902", "display_name": "Indian History and Philosophy", "score": 0.5692999958992004, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1211", "display_name": "Philosophy"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13902", "display_name": "Indian History and Philosophy", "score": 0.5692999958992004, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1211", "display_name": "Philosophy"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/magnum-opus", "display_name": "Magnum opus", "score": 0.7801433801651001}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/contemplation", "display_name": "Contemplation", "score": 0.7545729875564575}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scrutiny", "display_name": "Scrutiny", "score": 0.750450074672699}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/action", "display_name": "Action (physics)", "score": 0.4742145538330078}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/institution", "display_name": "Institution", "score": 0.47313109040260315}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance", "display_name": "Relevance (law)", "score": 0.446714848279953}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.42526698112487793}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies", "display_name": "Media studies", "score": 0.39501339197158813}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.3694654703140259}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.36545270681381226}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/law", "display_name": "Law", "score": 0.3444897532463074}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art", "display_name": "Art", "score": 0.2773584723472595}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/literature", "display_name": "Literature", "score": 0.24440425634384155}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.11570844054222107}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.10860598087310791}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C57869631", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4106712", "display_name": "Magnum opus", "level": 2, "score": 0.7801433801651001}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178288346", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123855", "display_name": "Contemplation", "level": 2, "score": 0.7545729875564575}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776050585", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439360", "display_name": "Scrutiny", "level": 2, "score": 0.750450074672699}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780791683", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785", "display_name": "Action (physics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4742145538330078}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780510313", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178706", "display_name": "Institution", "level": 2, "score": 0.47313109040260315}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C158154518", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970", "display_name": "Relevance (law)", "level": 2, "score": 0.446714848279953}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.42526698112487793}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C29595303", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650", "display_name": "Media studies", "level": 1, "score": 0.39501339197158813}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.3694654703140259}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.36545270681381226}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.3444897532463074}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.2773584723472595}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242", "display_name": "Literature", "level": 1, "score": 0.24440425634384155}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.11570844054222107}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.10860598087310791}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015920926", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip053/2004027014.html", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "mag:596261855", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA75135876", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210197683", "display_name": "Medical Entomology and Zoology", "issn_l": "0424-7086", "issn": ["0424-7086", "2185-5609"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319750", "host_organization_name": "Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319750"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Peace, Justice and strong institutions", "score": 0.6899999976158142, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2088385509", "https://openalex.org/W2323505347", "https://openalex.org/W1501330508", "https://openalex.org/W1590470079", "https://openalex.org/W593683228", "https://openalex.org/W2735499908", "https://openalex.org/W2076401692", "https://openalex.org/W2038631063", "https://openalex.org/W1554373445", "https://openalex.org/W648106288", "https://openalex.org/W2070283890", "https://openalex.org/W2051733957", "https://openalex.org/W2153432805", "https://openalex.org/W2083729314", "https://openalex.org/W2003879332", "https://openalex.org/W609665047", "https://openalex.org/W2069251722", "https://openalex.org/W1982670761", "https://openalex.org/W1565343713", "https://openalex.org/W1991221906"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Dr.": [0], "Gene": [1], "Sharp": [2], "has": [3], "been": [4, 59], "advocating": [5], "nonviolence": [6], "for": [7], "almost": [8], "six": [9], "decades": [10], "in": [11, 21, 29, 41, 48, 61], "his": [12, 26, 91, 113], "roles": [13], "as": [14, 127, 132, 134], "professor": [15], "and": [16, 77, 98, 110], "practitioner.": [17], "His": [18], "scholarly": [19], "exploration": [20], "this": [22, 115], "arena": [23], "began": [24], "with": [25, 90], "master's": [27], "thesis": [28], "1949.": [30], "Presendy,": [31], "he": [32, 46], "is": [33, 51], "Senior": [34], "Scholar": [35], "at": [36], "the": [37, 52, 87], "Albert": [38], "Einstein": [39], "Institution": [40], "Boston,": [42], "an": [43, 128], "organization": [44], "which": [45], "founded": [47], "1983.": [49], "He": [50], "author": [53], "of": [54, 65, 94, 108, 112, 148], "numerous": [55], "books": [56], "that": [57], "have": [58], "published": [60], "thirty-two": [62], "languages.": [63], "One": [64], "Sharp's": [66, 120, 140], "most": [67], "recent": [68], "works,": [69], "Waging": [70], "Non": [71], "violent": [72], "Struggle:": [73], "20th": [74], "Century": [75, 79], "Practice": [76], "21st": [78], "Potential,": [80], "brings": [81], "together": [82], "those": [83], "early": [84], "thoughts": [85], "on": [86, 137], "topic": [88], "along": [89], "subsequent": [92], "years": [93], "scrutiny,": [95], "contemplation,": [96], "investigation,": [97], "publication.": [99], "Due": [100], "to": [101, 118, 144, 154], "Wag": [102], "ing": [103], "Nonviolent": [104], "Struggle's": [105], "length,": [106], "quality": [107], "content,": [109], "relevance": [111], "topic,": [114], "work": [116], "appears": [117], "be": [119, 125], "magnum": [121], "opus.": [122], "It": [123], "can": [124], "utilized": [126], "academic,": [129], "theoretical": [130], "source": [131], "well": [133], "a": [135, 145], "manual": [136], "nonviolent": [138], "action.": [139], "book": [141], "thus": [142], "speaks": [143], "wide": [146], "range": [147], "audience": [149], "members": [150], "from": [151], "aca": [152], "demics": [153], "activists.": [155]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 28}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 56}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 31}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 53}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 38}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 16}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 14}], "updated_date": "2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2079007828", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2010.0076", "title": "Educational Expansion and Social Mobility in the 20th Century", "display_name": "Educational Expansion and Social Mobility in the 20th Century", "relevance_score": 309.56448, "publication_year": 2010, "publication_date": "2010-12-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2079007828", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2010.0076", "mag": "2079007828"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1353/sof.2010.0076", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2010.0076", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S130611943", "display_name": "Social Forces", "issn_l": "0037-7732", "issn": ["0037-7732", "1534-7605"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Social Forces", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078226000", "display_name": "Richard Breen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9718-0743"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I32971472", "display_name": "Yale University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03v76x132", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "R. Breen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Yale University"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Yale University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5078226000"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I32971472"], "apc_list": {"value": 3802, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3802}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 12.123, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 275, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.98063338, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 98, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "89", "issue": "2", "first_page": "365", "last_page": "388"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12088", "display_name": "Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies", "score": 0.9984999895095825, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12088", "display_name": "Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies", "score": 0.9984999895095825, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10674", "display_name": "School Choice and Performance", "score": 0.9891999959945679, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11645", "display_name": "Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies", "score": 0.9876000285148621, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/haven", "display_name": "Haven", "score": 0.6568620800971985}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-mobility", "display_name": "Social mobility", "score": 0.5176389813423157}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.5173408389091492}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies", "display_name": "Media studies", "score": 0.3953188359737396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gerontology", "display_name": "Gerontology", "score": 0.3880041837692261}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science", "display_name": "Library science", "score": 0.37682151794433594}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-history", "display_name": "Economic history", "score": 0.3503953516483307}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.2525806128978729}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science", "display_name": "Social science", "score": 0.2479362189769745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.18521928787231445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.1329750120639801}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.10772255063056946}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778217808", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5683658", "display_name": "Haven", "level": 2, "score": 0.6568620800971985}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C37129596", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194417", "display_name": "Social mobility", "level": 2, "score": 0.5176389813423157}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.5173408389091492}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C29595303", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650", "display_name": "Media studies", "level": 1, "score": 0.3953188359737396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C74909509", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387", "display_name": "Gerontology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3880041837692261}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655", "display_name": "Library science", "level": 1, "score": 0.37682151794433594}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398", "display_name": "Economic history", "level": 1, "score": 0.3503953516483307}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.2525806128978729}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749", "display_name": "Social science", "level": 1, "score": 0.2479362189769745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.18521928787231445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.1329750120639801}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.10772255063056946}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C114614502", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592", "display_name": "Combinatorics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1353/sof.2010.0076", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2010.0076", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S130611943", "display_name": "Social Forces", "issn_l": "0037-7732", "issn": ["0037-7732", "1534-7605"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Social Forces", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Reduced inequalities", "score": 0.6299999952316284, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 39, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W73637164", "https://openalex.org/W170695295", "https://openalex.org/W204694367", "https://openalex.org/W653482465", "https://openalex.org/W1492636011", "https://openalex.org/W1501515399", "https://openalex.org/W1514645967", "https://openalex.org/W1556971878", "https://openalex.org/W1578511997", "https://openalex.org/W1971528158", "https://openalex.org/W1974812507", "https://openalex.org/W1991818273", "https://openalex.org/W1992901092", "https://openalex.org/W2055016858", "https://openalex.org/W2060479843", "https://openalex.org/W2063685363", "https://openalex.org/W2065145656", "https://openalex.org/W2075664771", "https://openalex.org/W2081453300", "https://openalex.org/W2095167530", "https://openalex.org/W2124533071", "https://openalex.org/W2127195548", "https://openalex.org/W2133796726", "https://openalex.org/W2150191676", "https://openalex.org/W2157207849", "https://openalex.org/W2159548544", "https://openalex.org/W2172057766", "https://openalex.org/W2272741259", "https://openalex.org/W2328437986", "https://openalex.org/W2470132255", "https://openalex.org/W2480896637", "https://openalex.org/W2481774724", "https://openalex.org/W2488516423", "https://openalex.org/W2498794444", "https://openalex.org/W2499176140", "https://openalex.org/W2531395086", "https://openalex.org/W2553111863", "https://openalex.org/W2735592660", "https://openalex.org/W2803801195"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1983475890", "https://openalex.org/W1984753763", "https://openalex.org/W2120625627", "https://openalex.org/W2071326427", "https://openalex.org/W2331785481", "https://openalex.org/W4253570920", "https://openalex.org/W2335726613", "https://openalex.org/W2001451121", "https://openalex.org/W1992567757", "https://openalex.org/W2041945682"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Sociologists": [0], "consider": [1], "inequality": [2, 12, 33], "in": [3, 47, 54, 75, 98, 110], "educational": [4, 32, 67, 93, 114], "attainment": [5], "to": [6, 30, 35, 66], "be": [7, 80], "a": [8, 20, 70], "major": [9], "cause": [10], "of": [11, 18, 52, 92], "between": [13], "people": [14], "In": [15], "their": [16], "chances": [17, 78], "occupying": [19], "more": [21], "advantageous": [22], "class": [23, 37], "position.": [24], "However,": [25], "there": [26], "is": [27, 45, 49], "dispute": [28], "as": [29, 69], "whether": [31], "according": [34], "social": [36, 76, 96, 118], "background": [38], "declined": [39], "during": [40, 58, 103], "the": [41, 50, 55, 90, 104], "20th": [42, 105], "century.": [43, 106], "What": [44], "not": [46], "doubt": [48], "expansion": [51, 68, 115], "education": [53], "advanced": [56], "economies": [57], "this": [59, 84], "time,": [60], "and": [61, 86, 101], "several": [62], "authors": [63], "have": [64], "pointed": [65], "mechanism": [71], "by": [72], "which": [73], "inequalities": [74], "mobility": [77, 97], "may": [79], "reduced.": [81], "I": [82, 107], "measure": [83], "effect": [85], "compare": [87], "it": [88], "with": [89], "impact": [91], "equalization": [94], "on": [95], "Britain,": [99], "Sweden": [100], "Germany": [102], "find": [108], "that": [109], "all": [111], "three": [112], "countries": [113], "promoted": [116], "greater": [117], "mobility.": [119]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 16}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 30}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 26}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 28}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 35}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 18}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 18}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 5}], "updated_date": "2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2329353788", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5840/schoolman19957314", "title": "Civilization and Its Discontents", "display_name": "Civilization and Its Discontents", "relevance_score": 305.451, "publication_year": 1995, "publication_date": "1995-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2329353788", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5840/schoolman19957314", "mag": "2329353788"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5840/schoolman19957314", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5840/schoolman19957314", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S23081197", "display_name": "The Modern Schoolman", "issn_l": "0026-8402", "issn": ["0026-8402", "2164-0726"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315692", "host_organization_name": "Saint Louis University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315692"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Saint Louis University"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Modern Schoolman", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068542894", "display_name": "Jewel Spears Brooker", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9375-8683"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jewel Spears Brooker", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5068542894"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 66.3092, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 1254, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99922187, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 91, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "73", "issue": "1", "first_page": "59", "last_page": "69"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11743", "display_name": "Political Economy and Marxism", "score": 0.040800001472234726, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11743", "display_name": "Political Economy and Marxism", "score": 0.040800001472234726, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13000", "display_name": "World Systems and Global Transformations", "score": 0.040699999779462814, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3320", "display_name": "Political Science and International Relations"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/civilization", "display_name": "Civilization", "score": 0.8142825365066528}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.6172970533370972}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.38790249824523926}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-history", "display_name": "Ancient history", "score": 0.34470146894454956}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.24479293823242188}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology", "display_name": "Archaeology", "score": 0.1470952332019806}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C122302079", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8432", "display_name": "Civilization", "level": 2, "score": 0.8142825365066528}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.6172970533370972}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.38790249824523926}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493", "display_name": "Ancient history", "level": 1, "score": 0.34470146894454956}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.24479293823242188}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498", "display_name": "Archaeology", "level": 1, "score": 0.1470952332019806}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.5840/schoolman19957314", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5840/schoolman19957314", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S23081197", "display_name": "The Modern Schoolman", "issn_l": "0026-8402", "issn": ["0026-8402", "2164-0726"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315692", "host_organization_name": "Saint Louis University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315692"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Saint Louis University"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Modern Schoolman", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/BROCAI-9", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://philarchive.org/rec/BROCAI-9", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402130", "display_name": "PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/BROCAI-9", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://philpapers.org/rec/BROCAI-9", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402130", "display_name": "PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2353110309", "https://openalex.org/W2383361612", "https://openalex.org/W2363519735", "https://openalex.org/W2369141323", "https://openalex.org/W2390611040", "https://openalex.org/W2375283181", "https://openalex.org/W2978189372", "https://openalex.org/W2372363917", "https://openalex.org/W2387827001"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0], "essay": [1], "argues": [2], "that": [3, 29], "the": [4, 10, 17, 20, 25, 35], "revolt": [5], "against": [6], "Cartesian": [7], "dualism": [8], "in": [9, 16, 24, 27, 31], "early": [11], "20th": [12], "century": [13], "was": [14], "pivotal": [15], "development": [18], "of": [19], "modern": [21, 32], "mind": [22], "and": [23, 34], "revolution": [26], "form": [28], "occurred": [30], "literature": [33], "arts.": [36]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 35}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 84}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 52}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 119}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 85}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 66}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 59}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 34}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 30}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 27}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 44}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 23}], "updated_date": "2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W564417054", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.38-3076", "title": "The Biographical dictionary of women in science: pioneering lives from ancient times to the mid-20th century", "display_name": "The Biographical dictionary of women in science: pioneering lives from ancient times to the mid-20th century", "relevance_score": 304.0413, "publication_year": 2001, "publication_date": "2001-02-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W564417054", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.38-3076", "mag": "564417054"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5860/choice.38-3076", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.38-3076", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764375719", "display_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "issn_l": "0009-4978", "issn": ["0009-4978", "1523-8253", "1943-5975"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "host_organization_name": "Association of College and Research Libraries", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "https://openalex.org/P4310315903"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association of College and Research Libraries", "American Library Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "book-review", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": null, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 479, "citation_normalized_percentile": null, "cited_by_percentile_year": null, "biblio": {"volume": "38", "issue": "06", "first_page": "38", "last_page": "3076"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13656", "display_name": "Science, Research, and Medicine", "score": 0.0949999988079071, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2743", "display_name": "Reproductive Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13656", "display_name": "Science, Research, and Medicine", "score": 0.0949999988079071, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2743", "display_name": "Reproductive Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.5709164142608643}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/classics", "display_name": "Classics", "score": 0.44511470198631287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/literature", "display_name": "Literature", "score": 0.39386099576950073}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art", "display_name": "Art", "score": 0.28000110387802124}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.5709164142608643}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C74916050", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090", "display_name": "Classics", "level": 1, "score": 0.44511470198631287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242", "display_name": "Literature", "level": 1, "score": 0.39386099576950073}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.28000110387802124}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.5860/choice.38-3076", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.38-3076", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764375719", "display_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "issn_l": "0009-4978", "issn": ["0009-4978", "1523-8253", "1943-5975"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "host_organization_name": "Association of College and Research Libraries", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "https://openalex.org/P4310315903"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association of College and Research Libraries", "American Library Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Gender equality", "score": 0.699999988079071, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W626998158", "https://openalex.org/W2378006022", "https://openalex.org/W565278351", "https://openalex.org/W4212842943", "https://openalex.org/W2355069802", "https://openalex.org/W2488508929", "https://openalex.org/W2778391560", "https://openalex.org/W623378499"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Select": [0], "contents:": [1], "Adelberger": [2], "of": [3], "Lombardy": [4], "(Italian": [5], "physician)": [6, 50], "Grace": [7], "Andrews": [8], "(US": [9, 26, 31, 40, 61], "mathematician)": [10, 41, 54], "Aspasia": [11], "(Greek": [12], "natural": [13], "philosopher)": [14], "Charlotte": [15], "Auerbach": [16], "(UK": [17], "geneticist)": [18], "Duck-Heung": [19], "Bang": [20], "(Korean": [21], "Physician)": [22], "Evelyn": [23], "Briggs": [24], "Baldwin": [25], "meterologist,": [27], "explorer)": [28], "Harriet": [29], "Bigelow": [30], "astronomer)": [32], "Luci": [33], "Blanquies": [34], "(French": [35], "physicist)": [36], "Marjorie": [37], "Lee": [38], "Brown": [39], "Wafaa": [42], "El": [43], "Sadeek": [44], "(Egyptian": [45], "archaeologist": [46], ")": [47], "Faustina": [48], "(Roman": [49], "Yoshi": [51], "Katsurada": [52], "(Japanese": [53], "Liliana": [55], "Lubinska": [56], "(Polish": [57], "neuroscientist)": [58], "Sarah": [59], "Mather": [60], "inventor)": [62], "Radha": [63], "Pant": [64], "(Indian": [65], "biologist)": [66]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 392}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1}], "updated_date": "2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W609665047", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199778201.001.0001", "title": "Nonviolent RevolutionsCivil Resistance in the Late 20th Century", "display_name": "Nonviolent RevolutionsCivil Resistance in the Late 20th Century", "relevance_score": 294.05862, "publication_year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-07-28", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W609665047", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199778201.001.0001", "mag": "609665047"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199778201.001.0001", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199778201.001.0001", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463708", "display_name": "Oxford University Press eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "monograph"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5075583767", "display_name": "Sharon Erickson Nepstad", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2564-5329"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Sharon Erickson Nepstad", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5075583767"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 15.2251, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 247, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.98684499, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13902", "display_name": "Indian History and Philosophy", "score": 0.22589999437332153, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1211", "display_name": "Philosophy"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13902", "display_name": "Indian History and Philosophy", "score": 0.22589999437332153, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1211", "display_name": "Philosophy"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance", "display_name": "Resistance (ecology)", "score": 0.7142090797424316}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.42413803935050964}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.09586799144744873}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy", "display_name": "Agronomy", "score": 0.03643292188644409}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C57473165", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604", "display_name": "Resistance (ecology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7142090797424316}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.42413803935050964}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.09586799144744873}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C6557445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113", "display_name": "Agronomy", "level": 1, "score": 0.03643292188644409}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199778201.001.0001", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199778201.001.0001", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463708", "display_name": "Oxford University Press eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "monograph"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Reduced inequalities", "score": 0.4000000059604645, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W3044360021", "https://openalex.org/W2057699843", "https://openalex.org/W2989266632", "https://openalex.org/W1494866366", "https://openalex.org/W2904170231", "https://openalex.org/W2337448497", "https://openalex.org/W4385786715", "https://openalex.org/W4220861730", "https://openalex.org/W2119165257"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 27}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 18}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 34}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 33}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3}], "updated_date": "2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4300654056", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.26-1090", "title": "Resistance, rebellion, and consciousness in the Andean peasant world, 18th to 20th centuries", "display_name": "Resistance, rebellion, and consciousness in the Andean peasant world, 18th to 20th centuries", "relevance_score": 293.82983, "publication_year": 1988, "publication_date": "1988-10-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4300654056", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.26-1090"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5860/choice.26-1090", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.26-1090", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764375719", "display_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "issn_l": "0009-4978", "issn": ["0009-4978", "1523-8253", "1943-5975"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "host_organization_name": "Association of College and Research Libraries", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "https://openalex.org/P4310315903"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association of College and Research Libraries", "American Library Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "book-review", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": null, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 337, "citation_normalized_percentile": null, "cited_by_percentile_year": null, "biblio": {"volume": "26", "issue": "02", "first_page": "26", "last_page": "1090"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13864", "display_name": "Indigenous Cultures and History", "score": 0.7405999898910522, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3314", "display_name": "Anthropology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13864", "display_name": "Indigenous Cultures and History", "score": 0.7405999898910522, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3314", "display_name": "Anthropology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10777", "display_name": "Politics and Society in Latin America", "score": 0.6740999817848206, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3320", "display_name": "Political Science and International Relations"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13460", "display_name": "Historical Studies in Latin America", "score": 0.6510999798774719, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3317", "display_name": "Demography"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/peasant", "display_name": "Peasant", "score": 0.9125305414199829}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/consciousness", "display_name": "Consciousness", "score": 0.8355000615119934}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance", "display_name": "Resistance (ecology)", "score": 0.8182601928710938}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.517790675163269}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/literature", "display_name": "Literature", "score": 0.32966354489326477}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-history", "display_name": "Ancient history", "score": 0.32594597339630127}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art", "display_name": "Art", "score": 0.23103663325309753}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.20966574549674988}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology", "display_name": "Archaeology", "score": 0.13450980186462402}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.08516162633895874}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779220025", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838811", "display_name": "Peasant", "level": 2, "score": 0.9125305414199829}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C186720457", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087", "display_name": "Consciousness", "level": 2, "score": 0.8355000615119934}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C57473165", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604", "display_name": "Resistance (ecology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.8182601928710938}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.517790675163269}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242", "display_name": "Literature", "level": 1, "score": 0.32966354489326477}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493", "display_name": "Ancient history", "level": 1, "score": 0.32594597339630127}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.23103663325309753}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.20966574549674988}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498", "display_name": "Archaeology", "level": 1, "score": 0.13450980186462402}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.08516162633895874}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.5860/choice.26-1090", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.26-1090", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764375719", "display_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "issn_l": "0009-4978", "issn": ["0009-4978", "1523-8253", "1943-5975"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "host_organization_name": "Association of College and Research Libraries", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "https://openalex.org/P4310315903"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association of College and Research Libraries", "American Library Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2947527499", "https://openalex.org/W2180153050", "https://openalex.org/W1970929921", "https://openalex.org/W2316255429", "https://openalex.org/W1989814154", "https://openalex.org/W2285680885", "https://openalex.org/W4230410447", "https://openalex.org/W4253943620", "https://openalex.org/W2483432617", "https://openalex.org/W3021244350"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 23}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 18}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 12}], "updated_date": "2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1963529460", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3354/cr019193", "title": "Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century", "display_name": "Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century", "relevance_score": 287.53986, "publication_year": 2002, "publication_date": "2002-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1963529460", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3354/cr019193", "mag": "1963529460"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3354/cr019193", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3354/cr019193", "pdf_url": "https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/19/c019p193.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S56312815", "display_name": "Climate Research", "issn_l": "0936-577X", "issn": ["0936-577X", "1616-1572"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4353060361", "host_organization_name": "Inter-Research Science Center", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4353060361"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Inter-Research Science Center"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Climate Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/19/c019p193.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5073550009", "display_name": "P. Frich", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1293035123", "display_name": "Met Office", "ror": "https://ror.org/01ch2yn61", "country_code": "GB", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "P Frich", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Met Office, Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, London Road, Bracknell RG12 2SY, United Kingdom"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Met Office, Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, London Road, Bracknell RG12 2SY, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007565458", "display_name": "Lisa V. Alexander", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5635-2457"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1293035123", "display_name": "Met Office", "ror": "https://ror.org/01ch2yn61", "country_code": "GB", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "LV Alexander", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Met Office, Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, London Road, Bracknell RG12 2SY, United Kingdom"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Met Office, Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, London Road, Bracknell RG12 2SY, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5112517764", "display_name": "P. M. Della\u2010Marta", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1286406326", "display_name": "Bureau of Meteorology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04dkp1p98", "country_code": "AU", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1286406326"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "P Della-Marta", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), GPO Box 1289K, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), GPO Box 1289K, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1286406326"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5112276481", "display_name": "B. Gleason", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210157891", "display_name": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information", "ror": "https://ror.org/04r0wrp59", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1308126019", "https://openalex.org/I1308126019", "https://openalex.org/I1343035065", "https://openalex.org/I1343035065", "https://openalex.org/I4210089050", "https://openalex.org/I4210157891"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "B Gleason", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Climatic Data Centre (NCDC), 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, North Carolina 28801, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Climatic Data Centre (NCDC), 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, North Carolina 28801, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210157891"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5010205424", "display_name": "M. R. Haylock", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1286406326", "display_name": "Bureau of Meteorology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04dkp1p98", "country_code": "AU", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1286406326"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "M Haylock", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), GPO Box 1289K, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), GPO Box 1289K, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1286406326"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "AMG Klein Tank", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1309140791", "display_name": "Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05dfgh554", "country_code": "NL", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1309140791", "https://openalex.org/I331567899", "https://openalex.org/I4210140876"]}], "countries": ["NL"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "AMG Klein Tank", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Postbus 201, 3730 AE De Bilt, The Netherlands"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Postbus 201, 3730 AE De Bilt, The Netherlands", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1309140791"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5112518046", "display_name": "T. C. Peterson", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210157891", "display_name": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information", "ror": "https://ror.org/04r0wrp59", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1308126019", "https://openalex.org/I1308126019", "https://openalex.org/I1343035065", "https://openalex.org/I1343035065", "https://openalex.org/I4210089050", "https://openalex.org/I4210157891"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "T Peterson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Climatic Data Centre (NCDC), 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, North Carolina 28801, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Climatic Data Centre (NCDC), 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, North Carolina 28801, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210157891"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 4, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5007565458", "https://openalex.org/A5073550009"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1293035123"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 24.0334, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 2137, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99806726, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "19", "issue": null, "first_page": "193", "last_page": "212"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10029", "display_name": "Climate variability and models", "score": 0.9979000091552734, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306", "display_name": "Global and Planetary Change"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10029", "display_name": "Climate variability and models", "score": 0.9979000091552734, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306", "display_name": "Global and Planetary Change"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14509", "display_name": "demographic modeling and climate adaptation", "score": 0.9585999846458435, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10466", "display_name": "Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations", "score": 0.9584000110626221, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1902", "display_name": "Atmospheric Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology", "display_name": "Climatology", "score": 0.5798635482788086}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geography", "display_name": "Geography", "score": 0.5782379508018494}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change", "display_name": "Climate change", "score": 0.5343692898750305}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science", "display_name": "Environmental science", "score": 0.38581186532974243}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology", "display_name": "Meteorology", "score": 0.37293508648872375}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography", "display_name": "Physical geography", "score": 0.36917048692703247}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.3292025923728943}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography", "display_name": "Oceanography", "score": 0.1116730272769928}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geology", "display_name": "Geology", "score": 0.11160394549369812}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C49204034", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139", "display_name": "Climatology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5798635482788086}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.5782379508018494}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C132651083", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942", "display_name": "Climate change", "level": 2, "score": 0.5343692898750305}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847", "display_name": "Environmental science", "level": 0, "score": 0.38581186532974243}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153294291", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261", "display_name": "Meteorology", "level": 1, "score": 0.37293508648872375}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C100970517", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107", "display_name": "Physical geography", "level": 1, "score": 0.36917048692703247}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.3292025923728943}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111368507", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518", "display_name": "Oceanography", "level": 1, "score": 0.1116730272769928}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069", "display_name": "Geology", "level": 0, "score": 0.11160394549369812}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.3354/cr019193", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3354/cr019193", "pdf_url": "https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/19/c019p193.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S56312815", "display_name": "Climate Research", "issn_l": "0936-577X", "issn": ["0936-577X", "1616-1572"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4353060361", "host_organization_name": "Inter-Research Science Center", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4353060361"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Inter-Research Science Center"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Climate Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.3354/cr019193", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3354/cr019193", "pdf_url": "https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/19/c019p193.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S56312815", "display_name": "Climate Research", "issn_l": "0936-577X", "issn": ["0936-577X", "1616-1572"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4353060361", "host_organization_name": "Inter-Research Science Center", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4353060361"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Inter-Research Science Center"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Climate Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Climate action", "score": 0.8100000023841858, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1963529460.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1963529460.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 20, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1509426285", "https://openalex.org/W1587057093", "https://openalex.org/W1605504889", "https://openalex.org/W1994041234", "https://openalex.org/W1999996097", "https://openalex.org/W2000818058", "https://openalex.org/W2006000832", "https://openalex.org/W2051153065", "https://openalex.org/W2062667641", "https://openalex.org/W2078580016", "https://openalex.org/W2124805162", "https://openalex.org/W2167622596", "https://openalex.org/W2174989869", "https://openalex.org/W2177813429", "https://openalex.org/W2792756227", "https://openalex.org/W2939373165", "https://openalex.org/W2980640231", "https://openalex.org/W3084406557", "https://openalex.org/W4301041382", "https://openalex.org/W6858622144"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W1968810339", "https://openalex.org/W3096121261", "https://openalex.org/W3190643595", "https://openalex.org/W4376872516", "https://openalex.org/W4205311831", "https://openalex.org/W4225788860", "https://openalex.org/W1991192109", "https://openalex.org/W2895122413", "https://openalex.org/W3149705085"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"A": [0, 153], "new": [1], "global": [2, 48, 278], "dataset": [3, 172], "of": [4, 16, 24, 35, 47, 65, 82, 100, 127, 135, 147, 155, 198, 215, 229, 247, 265, 276, 295, 302], "derived": [5, 95, 259], "indicators": [6, 64, 112, 232], "has": [7], "been": [8, 253], "compiled": [9], "to": [10, 78, 93, 184, 191], "clarify": [11], "whether": [12], "frequency": [13], "and/or": [14], "severity": [15], "climatic": [17, 67, 289], "extremes": [18, 290], "changed": [19], "during": [20, 186, 291], "the": [21, 25, 31, 45, 98, 136, 170, 187, 213, 230, 256, 277, 292, 296], "second": [22, 293], "half": [23, 294], "20th": [26, 297], "century.": [27, 298], "This": [28], "period": [29, 183], "provides": [30], "best": [32], "spatial": [33, 196], "coverage": [34], "homogenous": [36], "daily": [37, 109, 116, 125, 240], "series,": [38, 121], "which": [39, 141], "can": [40, 270], "be": [41, 76], "used": [42], "for": [43], "calculating": [44], "proportion": [46, 275], "land": [49, 279], "area": [50, 280], "exhibiting": [51], "a": [52, 71, 79, 210, 219, 234, 273, 285], "significant": [53, 178, 200, 235, 250, 274, 286], "change": [54, 248, 287, 303], "in": [55, 97, 132, 206, 212, 221, 255, 288], "extreme": [56, 66, 223, 257], "or": [57, 145], "severe": [58], "weather.": [59], "The": [60, 111], "authors": [61], "chose": [62], "10": [63], "events,": [68], "defined": [69], "from": [70, 163, 180, 189, 260], "larger": [72], "selection,": [73], "that": [74, 87, 272], "could": [75], "applied": [77], "large": [80, 308], "variety": [81], "climates.": [83], "It": [84], "was": [85, 281], "assumed": [86], "data": [88, 96, 242], "producers": [89], "were": [90, 151, 161, 193], "more": [91, 146, 244], "inclined": [92], "release": [94], "form": [99], "annual": [101], "indicator": [102, 158], "time": [103, 139, 159], "series": [104, 140, 160], "than": [105], "releasing": [106], "their": [107], "original": [108], "observations.": [110], "are": [113, 304, 310], "based": [114, 238], "on": [115, 239], "maximum": [117], "and": [118, 129, 167, 218, 263, 316], "minimum": [119], "temperature": [120, 224], "as": [122, 124], "well": [123], "totals": [126], "precipitation,": [128], "represent": [130], "changes": [131, 179, 201], "all": [133], "seasons": [134], "year.": [137], "Only": [138], "had": [142], "40": [143], "yr": [144], "almost": [148], "complete": [149], "records": [150], "used.": [152], "total": [154], "about": [156], "3000": [157], "extracted": [162], "national": [164], "climate": [165], "archives": [166], "collated": [168], "into": [169], "unique": [171], "described": [173], "here.": [174], "Global": [175], "maps": [176], "showing": [177], "one": [181, 228], "multi-decadal": [182], "another": [185], "interval": [188], "1946": [190], "1999": [192], "produced.": [194], "Coherent": [195], "patterns": [197, 246], "statistically": [199], "emerge,": [202], "particularly": [203], "an": [204], "increase": [205], "warm": [207], "summer": [208], "nights,": [209], "decrease": [211, 220], "number": [214, 264], "frost": [216], "days": [217], "intra-annual": [222], "range.": [225], "All": [226], "but": [227, 249], "temperaturebased": [231], "show": [233, 243], "change.": [236], "Indicators": [237], "precipitation": [241], "mixed": [245], "increases": [251], "have": [252], "seen": [254], "amount": [258], "wet": [261], "spells": [262], "heavy": [266], "rainfall": [267], "events.": [268], "We": [269], "conclude": [271], "increasingly": [282], "affected": [283], "by": [284], "These": [299], "clear": [300], "signs": [301], "very": [305], "robust;": [306], "however,": [307], "areas": [309], "still": [311], "not": [312], "represented,": [313], "especially": [314], "Africa": [315], "South": [317], "America.": [318]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 54}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 75}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 94}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 106}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 118}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 134}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 131}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 127}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 148}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 114}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 103}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 118}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 121}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 143}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 99}], "updated_date": "2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2064915872", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.38-1865", "title": "Teaching sex: the shaping of adolescence in the 20th century", "display_name": "Teaching sex: the shaping of adolescence in the 20th century", "relevance_score": 274.596, "publication_year": 2000, "publication_date": "2000-11-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2064915872", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.38-1865", "mag": "2064915872"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5860/choice.38-1865", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.38-1865", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764375719", "display_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "issn_l": "0009-4978", "issn": ["0009-4978", "1523-8253", "1943-5975"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "host_organization_name": "Association of College and Research Libraries", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "https://openalex.org/P4310315903"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association of College and Research Libraries", "American Library Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "book-review", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": null, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 217, "citation_normalized_percentile": null, "cited_by_percentile_year": null, "biblio": {"volume": "38", "issue": "03", "first_page": "38", "last_page": "1865"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11888", "display_name": "Gender Roles and Identity Studies", "score": 0.6485000252723694, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3318", "display_name": "Gender Studies"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11888", "display_name": "Gender Roles and Identity Studies", "score": 0.6485000252723694, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3318", "display_name": "Gender Studies"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13780", "display_name": "Diverse Education Studies and Reforms", "score": 0.6434000134468079, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.45906689763069153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-education", "display_name": "Sex education", "score": 0.44577503204345703}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.41070643067359924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-studies", "display_name": "Gender studies", "score": 0.37250253558158875}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology", "display_name": "Developmental psychology", "score": 0.3327483534812927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.2680496573448181}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/human-sexuality", "display_name": "Human sexuality", "score": 0.11445018649101257}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.45906689763069153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2991886463", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192280", "display_name": "Sex education", "level": 3, "score": 0.44577503204345703}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.41070643067359924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107993555", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673", "display_name": "Gender studies", "level": 1, "score": 0.37250253558158875}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138496976", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002", "display_name": "Developmental psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3327483534812927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.2680496573448181}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C53813258", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154136", "display_name": "Human sexuality", "level": 2, "score": 0.11445018649101257}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.5860/choice.38-1865", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.38-1865", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764375719", "display_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "issn_l": "0009-4978", "issn": ["0009-4978", "1523-8253", "1943-5975"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "host_organization_name": "Association of College and Research Libraries", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "https://openalex.org/P4310315903"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association of College and Research Libraries", "American Library Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Gender equality", "score": 0.6800000071525574, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2030000401", "https://openalex.org/W2064484569", "https://openalex.org/W2059552494", "https://openalex.org/W2016713905", "https://openalex.org/W2192392566", "https://openalex.org/W2334446790", "https://openalex.org/W1966008796", "https://openalex.org/W2091284279", "https://openalex.org/W2092756134"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Acknowledgments": [0], "1.": [1], "The": [2, 13, 26, 38, 44], "Invention": [3], "of": [4, 15, 28, 40, 46], "the": [5, 21, 34], "Sexual": [6, 35, 41], "Adolescent": [7, 10], "2.": [8], "Regulating": [9], "Appetites": [11], "3.": [12], "Revolt": [14], "Youth": [16], "4.": [17], "Putting": [18], "Sex": [19], "in": [20], "Schools": [22], "5.": [23], "Domesticating": [24], "Sex:": [25], "Rise": [27], "Family": [29], "Life": [30], "Education": [31], "6.": [32], "Fighting": [33], "Revolution": [36], "7.": [37], "Triumph": [39], "Liberalism?": [42], "8.": [43], "Myths": [45], "Reform": [47], "Notes": [48], "Index": [49]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 16}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 16}], "updated_date": "2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W633110474", "doi": null, "title": "Remembering War: The Great War between Memory and History in the 20th Century", "display_name": "Remembering War: The Great War between Memory and History in the 20th Century", "relevance_score": 274.5525, "publication_year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W633110474", "mag": "633110474"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "mag:633110474", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA76947108", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210197683", "display_name": "Medical Entomology and Zoology", "issn_l": "0424-7086", "issn": ["0424-7086", "2185-5609"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319750", "host_organization_name": "Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319750"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071511118", "display_name": "Jay Winter", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-3226"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jay Winter", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-3226", "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5071511118"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 6.4832, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 294, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.96242775, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 94, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11104", "display_name": "Memory, Trauma, and Commemoration", "score": 0.9611999988555908, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11104", "display_name": "Memory, Trauma, and Commemoration", "score": 0.9611999988555908, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-memory", "display_name": "Cultural memory", "score": 0.6089540719985962}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-memory", "display_name": "Collective memory", "score": 0.6028947830200195}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/boom", "display_name": "Boom", "score": 0.5883921384811401}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.5741821527481079}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/spanish-civil-war", "display_name": "Spanish Civil War", "score": 0.4794263243675232}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/subject", "display_name": "Subject (documents)", "score": 0.4635813236236572}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/literature", "display_name": "Literature", "score": 0.35560357570648193}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art", "display_name": "Art", "score": 0.24428734183311462}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.23876214027404785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/law", "display_name": "Law", "score": 0.1754978895187378}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.17449569702148438}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropology", "display_name": "Anthropology", "score": 0.13666009902954102}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.09103149175643921}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776786462", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574613", "display_name": "Cultural memory", "level": 2, "score": 0.6089540719985962}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C67448173", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254217", "display_name": "Collective memory", "level": 2, "score": 0.6028947830200195}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C141441539", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970908", "display_name": "Boom", "level": 2, "score": 0.5883921384811401}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.5741821527481079}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C81631423", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859", "display_name": "Spanish Civil War", "level": 2, "score": 0.4794263243675232}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777855551", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021", "display_name": "Subject (documents)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4635813236236572}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242", "display_name": "Literature", "level": 1, "score": 0.35560357570648193}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.24428734183311462}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.23876214027404785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.1754978895187378}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.17449569702148438}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C19165224", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404", "display_name": "Anthropology", "level": 1, "score": 0.13666009902954102}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.09103149175643921}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655", "display_name": "Library science", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C87717796", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326", "display_name": "Environmental engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498", "display_name": "Archaeology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "mag:633110474", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA76947108", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210197683", "display_name": "Medical Entomology and Zoology", "issn_l": "0424-7086", "issn": ["0424-7086", "2185-5609"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319750", "host_organization_name": "Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319750"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Peace, Justice and strong institutions", "score": 0.7900000214576721, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2171141419", "https://openalex.org/W2096505168", "https://openalex.org/W329485892", "https://openalex.org/W2162729075", "https://openalex.org/W2084954094", "https://openalex.org/W2121393013", "https://openalex.org/W2043488627", "https://openalex.org/W3000510256", "https://openalex.org/W1559254734", "https://openalex.org/W312841553", "https://openalex.org/W2026608895", "https://openalex.org/W1533737351", "https://openalex.org/W2065346229", "https://openalex.org/W2008468936", "https://openalex.org/W1999085198", "https://openalex.org/W1532498846", "https://openalex.org/W94147237", "https://openalex.org/W2117954987", "https://openalex.org/W2021900832", "https://openalex.org/W1552881387"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0], "is": [1, 75, 139], "a": [2, 24, 166], "masterful": [3], "volume": [4], "on": [5, 29, 47, 81, 151], "remembrance": [6, 106], "and": [7, 35, 40, 56, 66, 83, 111, 131], "war": [8, 55, 82, 132], "in": [9, 60, 100, 114, 135], "the": [10, 16, 19, 30, 42, 48, 52, 58, 69, 72, 84, 95, 115, 119, 137, 152, 158, 162], "twentieth": [11, 120, 163], "century.": [12, 121], "Jay": [13], "Winter": [14, 88], "locates": [15], "fascination": [17], "with": [18, 149], "subject": [20], "of": [21, 54, 71, 78, 86, 97, 105, 118, 127, 144, 154, 161], "memory": [73], "within": [23], "long-term": [25], "trajectory": [26], "that": [27, 37, 107], "focuses": [28], "Great": [31], "War.": [32], "Images,": [33], "languages,": [34], "practices": [36, 104, 156], "appeared": [38], "during": [39], "after": [41], "two": [43], "world": [44], "wars": [45], "focused": [46], "need": [49], "to": [50], "acknowledge": [51], "victims": [53, 85], "shaped": [57], "ways": [59], "which": [61, 136], "future": [62], "conflicts": [63], "were": [64], "imagined": [65], "remembered.": [67], "At": [68], "core": [70], "boom": [74], "an": [76], "array": [77], "collective": [79], "meditations": [80], "war,": [87], "says.": [89], "The": [90, 122, 146], "book": [91, 147], "begins": [92], "by": [93], "tracing": [94], "origins": [96], "contemporary": [98], "interest": [99], "memory,": [101, 112], "then": [102], "describes": [103], "have": [108], "linked": [109], "history": [110, 160], "particularly": [113], "first": [116], "half": [117], "author": [123], "also": [124], "considers": [125], "theaters": [126], "memory--film,": [128], "television,": [129], "museums,": [130], "crimes": [133], "trials": [134], "past": [138], "seen": [140], "through": [141], "public": [142], "representations": [143], "memories.": [145], "concludes": [148], "reflections": [150], "significance": [153], "these": [155], "for": [157], "cultural": [159], "century": [164], "as": [165], "whole.": [167]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 19}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 25}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 25}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 30}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 30}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 39}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 18}], "updated_date": "2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2058781281", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.009", "title": "Patenting and US academic research in the 20th century: The world before and after Bayh-Dole", "display_name": "Patenting and US academic research in the 20th century: The world before and after Bayh-Dole", "relevance_score": 272.89124, "publication_year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-06-16", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2058781281", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.009", "mag": "2058781281"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.009", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.009", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S9731383", "display_name": "Research Policy", "issn_l": "0048-7333", "issn": ["0048-7333", "1873-7625"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "public-domain", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Research Policy", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5067146570", "display_name": "Bhaven N. Sampat", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-6706"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I130701444", "display_name": "Georgia Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01zkghx44", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Bhaven N. Sampat", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, DM Smith Building, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, DM Smith Building, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5067146570"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I130701444"], "apc_list": {"value": 3710, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3710}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 38.129, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 347, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99823009, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 97, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "35", "issue": "6", "first_page": "772", "last_page": "789"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10856", "display_name": "Intellectual Property and Patents", "score": 0.995199978351593, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1405", "display_name": "Management of Technology and Innovation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/14", "display_name": "Business, Management and Accounting"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10856", "display_name": "Intellectual Property and Patents", "score": 0.995199978351593, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1405", "display_name": "Management of Technology and Innovation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/14", "display_name": "Business, Management and Accounting"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12722", "display_name": "Innovation Policy and R&D", "score": 0.9829000234603882, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2002", "display_name": "Economics and Econometrics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14185", "display_name": "Research, Science, and Academia", "score": 0.9641000032424927, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1802", "display_name": "Information Systems and Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ethos", "display_name": "Ethos", "score": 0.8470438718795776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/context", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "score": 0.6306397914886475}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quarter", "display_name": "Quarter (Canadian coin)", "score": 0.6245858073234558}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/closing", "display_name": "Closing (real estate)", "score": 0.5316962003707886}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.4712042212486267}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.42956656217575073}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science", "display_name": "Social science", "score": 0.3624846637248993}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/economics", "display_name": "Economics", "score": 0.3281096816062927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations", "display_name": "Public relations", "score": 0.32012972235679626}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/law", "display_name": "Law", "score": 0.1626472771167755}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776932993", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484318", "display_name": "Ethos", "level": 2, "score": 0.8470438718795776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6306397914886475}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C85079727", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560114", "display_name": "Quarter (Canadian coin)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6245858073234558}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778775528", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135432", "display_name": "Closing (real estate)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5316962003707886}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4712042212486267}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.42956656217575073}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749", "display_name": "Social science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3624846637248993}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.3281096816062927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080", "display_name": "Public relations", "level": 1, "score": 0.32012972235679626}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.1626472771167755}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205", "display_name": "Paleontology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498", "display_name": "Archaeology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.009", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.009", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S9731383", "display_name": "Research Policy", "issn_l": "0048-7333", "issn": ["0048-7333", "1873-7625"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "public-domain", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Research Policy", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:respol:v:35:y:2006:i:6:p:772-789", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048-7333(06)00069-2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I77793887", "host_organization_name": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I77793887"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306149", "display_name": "Rockefeller Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/03sfkwk85"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337410", "display_name": "Office of the General Counsel", "ror": "https://ror.org/05rsv9s98"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 59, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W27152544", "https://openalex.org/W82981782", "https://openalex.org/W190535179", "https://openalex.org/W219792156", "https://openalex.org/W237359993", "https://openalex.org/W592942884", "https://openalex.org/W1502925692", "https://openalex.org/W1512139730", "https://openalex.org/W1515646803", "https://openalex.org/W1516396045", "https://openalex.org/W1546171873", "https://openalex.org/W1579424059", "https://openalex.org/W1967629308", "https://openalex.org/W1969116946", "https://openalex.org/W1970083548", "https://openalex.org/W1994614101", "https://openalex.org/W1995215887", "https://openalex.org/W2009954382", "https://openalex.org/W2016331831", "https://openalex.org/W2017522108", "https://openalex.org/W2019315455", "https://openalex.org/W2019425672", "https://openalex.org/W2025743295", "https://openalex.org/W2026119611", "https://openalex.org/W2033138992", "https://openalex.org/W2046346568", "https://openalex.org/W2051553875", "https://openalex.org/W2056710466", "https://openalex.org/W2064967252", "https://openalex.org/W2070405287", "https://openalex.org/W2072673797", "https://openalex.org/W2073387430", "https://openalex.org/W2077766445", "https://openalex.org/W2083820551", "https://openalex.org/W2108238076", "https://openalex.org/W2119220656", "https://openalex.org/W2134686386", "https://openalex.org/W2159828757", "https://openalex.org/W2167266304", "https://openalex.org/W2265602791", "https://openalex.org/W2315404267", "https://openalex.org/W2325211165", "https://openalex.org/W2331341424", "https://openalex.org/W2396385367", "https://openalex.org/W2484133149", "https://openalex.org/W2889888904", "https://openalex.org/W2977515200", "https://openalex.org/W3121714980", "https://openalex.org/W3124127843", "https://openalex.org/W3125090905", "https://openalex.org/W3133922019", "https://openalex.org/W3144893735", "https://openalex.org/W3183529540", "https://openalex.org/W4230037897", "https://openalex.org/W4245614318", "https://openalex.org/W4300313809", "https://openalex.org/W4353007020", "https://openalex.org/W6601182932", "https://openalex.org/W7074132973"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4387497383", "https://openalex.org/W3183948672", "https://openalex.org/W3173606202", "https://openalex.org/W3110381201", "https://openalex.org/W2948807893", "https://openalex.org/W2935909890", "https://openalex.org/W2778153218", "https://openalex.org/W2758277628", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W1531601525"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 48}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 16}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 24}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 23}], "updated_date": "2026-08-08T07:41:36.138363", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2122112067", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1120514", "title": "The Spatial Extent of 20th-Century Warmth in the Context of the Past 1200 Years", "display_name": "The Spatial Extent of 20th-Century Warmth in the Context of the Past 1200 Years", "relevance_score": 270.6451, "publication_year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-02-09", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2122112067", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1120514", "mag": "2122112067", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16469924"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1126/science.1120514", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1120514", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S3880285", "display_name": "Science", "issn_l": "0036-8075", "issn": ["0036-8075", "0193-4511", "1095-9203"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315823", "host_organization_name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Association for the Advancement of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015551186", "display_name": "Timothy J. Osborn", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-6799"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1118541", "display_name": "University of East Anglia", "ror": "https://ror.org/026k5mg93", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Timothy J. Osborn", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK", "Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5033664017", "display_name": "Keith R. Briffa", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-3639"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1118541", "display_name": "University of East Anglia", "ror": "https://ror.org/026k5mg93", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Keith R. Briffa", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK", "Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5015551186"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1118541"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 23.5504, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 283, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99774673, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 94, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "311", "issue": "5762", "first_page": "841", "last_page": "844"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11594", "display_name": "Tree-ring climate responses", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1902", "display_name": "Atmospheric Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11594", "display_name": "Tree-ring climate responses", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1902", "display_name": "Atmospheric Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10017", "display_name": "Geology and Paleoclimatology Research", "score": 0.9965000152587891, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1902", "display_name": "Atmospheric Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10029", "display_name": "Climate variability and models", "score": 0.9909999966621399, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306", "display_name": "Global and Planetary Change"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/little-ice-age", "display_name": "Little ice age", "score": 0.7297979593276978}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy", "display_name": "Proxy (statistics)", "score": 0.668866753578186}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-hemisphere", "display_name": "Northern Hemisphere", "score": 0.65584397315979}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/period", "display_name": "Period (music)", "score": 0.5846936106681824}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/context", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "score": 0.5520581603050232}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geography", "display_name": "Geography", "score": 0.4641246795654297}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography", "display_name": "Physical geography", "score": 0.4576742351055145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology", "display_name": "Climatology", "score": 0.4448631703853607}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.3892560601234436}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geology", "display_name": "Geology", "score": 0.2141517996788025}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology", "display_name": "Archaeology", "score": 0.1091330349445343}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.06025078892707825}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art", "display_name": "Art", "score": 0.05972611904144287}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2984330395", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190530", "display_name": "Little ice age", "level": 3, "score": 0.7297979593276978}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780148112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581", "display_name": "Proxy (statistics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.668866753578186}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778835443", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39061", "display_name": "Northern Hemisphere", "level": 2, "score": 0.65584397315979}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781291010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580", "display_name": "Period (music)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5846936106681824}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5520581603050232}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.4641246795654297}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C100970517", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107", "display_name": "Physical geography", "level": 1, "score": 0.4576742351055145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49204034", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139", "display_name": "Climatology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4448631703853607}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.3892560601234436}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069", "display_name": "Geology", "level": 0, "score": 0.2141517996788025}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498", "display_name": "Archaeology", "level": 1, "score": 0.1091330349445343}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.06025078892707825}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.05972611904144287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986", "display_name": "Aesthetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C100834320", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666", "display_name": "Glacier", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1126/science.1120514", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1120514", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S3880285", "display_name": "Science", "issn_l": "0036-8075", "issn": ["0036-8075", "0193-4511", "1095-9203"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315823", "host_organization_name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Association for the Advancement of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:16469924", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16469924", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Science (New York, N.Y.)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.590.2928", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.590.2928", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://climateknowledge.org/figures/rood_climate_change_aoss480_documents/spint004_osborn_warming_spatial_0306.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:19660", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/19660/", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400384", "display_name": "UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1118541", "host_organization_name": "University of East Anglia", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1118541"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:78633", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/78633/", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400384", "display_name": "UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1118541", "host_organization_name": "University of East Anglia", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1118541"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Climate action", "score": 0.6399999856948853, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 29, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1652201389", "https://openalex.org/W1660201747", "https://openalex.org/W1963650928", "https://openalex.org/W1978887368", "https://openalex.org/W1994800218", "https://openalex.org/W2003326514", "https://openalex.org/W2023189905", "https://openalex.org/W2024054778", "https://openalex.org/W2027745714", "https://openalex.org/W2029896806", "https://openalex.org/W2033790193", "https://openalex.org/W2042859974", "https://openalex.org/W2043514774", "https://openalex.org/W2043958054", "https://openalex.org/W2054167751", "https://openalex.org/W2062667641", "https://openalex.org/W2074964089", "https://openalex.org/W2091945689", "https://openalex.org/W2096830549", "https://openalex.org/W2110420020", "https://openalex.org/W2118682743", "https://openalex.org/W2130256070", "https://openalex.org/W2131532072", "https://openalex.org/W2135462719", "https://openalex.org/W2142987884", "https://openalex.org/W2149828401", "https://openalex.org/W3162929933", "https://openalex.org/W4243424978", "https://openalex.org/W4253519377"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2316079324", "https://openalex.org/W2241952775", "https://openalex.org/W2173256604", "https://openalex.org/W2165925520", "https://openalex.org/W3187407033", "https://openalex.org/W2136024080", "https://openalex.org/W2199542950", "https://openalex.org/W2907600818", "https://openalex.org/W2019315396", "https://openalex.org/W2782949619"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Periods": [0], "of": [1, 19, 44, 71, 90, 95], "widespread": [2], "warmth": [3, 45, 92], "or": [4, 10], "cold": [5], "are": [6, 14, 66], "identified": [7], "by": [8], "positive": [9], "negative": [11, 60], "deviations": [12], "that": [13, 99], "synchronous": [15], "across": [16], "a": [17, 72, 77], "number": [18], "temperature-sensitive": [20], "proxy": [21], "records": [22], "drawn": [23], "from": [24], "the": [25, 36, 41, 47, 69, 87, 101], "Northern": [26], "Hemisphere.": [27], "The": [28], "most": [29], "significant": [30], "and": [31, 59, 76], "longest": [32], "duration": [33], "feature": [34], "during": [35, 55, 62, 100], "last": [37], "1200": [38], "years": [39], "is": [40], "geographical": [42], "extent": [43, 89], "in": [46], "middle": [48], "to": [49, 57, 64, 93], "late": [50], "20th": [51], "century.": [52], "Positive": [53], "anomalies": [54, 61], "890": [56], "1170": [58], "1580": [63], "1850": [65], "consistent": [67], "with": [68, 83], "concepts": [70], "Medieval": [73], "Warm": [74], "Period": [75], "Little": [78], "Ice": [79], "Age,": [80], "but": [81], "comparison": [82], "instrumental": [84], "temperatures": [85], "shows": [86], "spatial": [88], "recent": [91], "be": [94], "greater": [96], "significance": [97], "than": [98], "medieval": [102], "period.": [103]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 27}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 24}], "updated_date": "2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4247319667", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511584725", "title": "Radicalism and Education Reform in 20th-Century China", "display_name": "Radicalism and Education Reform in 20th-Century China", "relevance_score": 266.18475, "publication_year": 1996, "publication_date": "1996-07-13", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4247319667", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511584725"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1017/cbo9780511584725", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511584725", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306462995", "display_name": "Cambridge University Press eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311721", "host_organization_name": "Cambridge University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311721", "https://openalex.org/P4310311702"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Cambridge University Press", "University of Cambridge"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "monograph"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080538283", "display_name": "Suzanne Pepper", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Suzanne Pepper", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5080538283"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1.6091, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 201, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.88236278, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": false}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 97, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10628", "display_name": "China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance", "score": 0.10520000010728836, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3320", "display_name": "Political Science and International Relations"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10628", "display_name": "China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance", "score": 0.10520000010728836, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3320", "display_name": "Political Science and International Relations"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12545", "display_name": "Global Education and Multiculturalism", "score": 0.032600000500679016, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11300", "display_name": "Global Educational Policies and Reforms", "score": 0.029400000348687172, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3320", "display_name": "Political Science and International Relations"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-radicalism", "display_name": "Political radicalism", "score": 0.9017633199691772}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/china", "display_name": "China", "score": 0.7934281826019287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epitome", "display_name": "Epitome", "score": 0.7739353179931641}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-revolution", "display_name": "Cultural revolution", "score": 0.762935996055603}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.4810757637023926}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/virtue", "display_name": "Virtue", "score": 0.4491788446903229}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective", "display_name": "Perspective (graphical)", "score": 0.4427059292793274}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-education", "display_name": "Chinese education", "score": 0.41064897179603577}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.3460240364074707}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy", "display_name": "Political economy", "score": 0.33385902643203735}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.3224305510520935}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/literature", "display_name": "Literature", "score": 0.20902451872825623}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/law", "display_name": "Law", "score": 0.2050991654396057}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art", "display_name": "Art", "score": 0.11619752645492554}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/politics", "display_name": "Politics", "score": 0.08861395716667175}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C190475667", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97570923", "display_name": "Political radicalism", "level": 3, "score": 0.9017633199691772}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C191935318", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148", "display_name": "China", "level": 2, "score": 0.7934281826019287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775858994", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5383732", "display_name": "Epitome", "level": 2, "score": 0.7739353179931641}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2992023379", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8690", "display_name": "Cultural revolution", "level": 3, "score": 0.762935996055603}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4810757637023926}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777239683", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157811", "display_name": "Virtue", "level": 2, "score": 0.4491788446903229}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C12713177", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281", "display_name": "Perspective (graphical)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4427059292793274}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2993355853", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757827", "display_name": "Chinese education", "level": 3, "score": 0.41064897179603577}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.3460240364074707}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138921699", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555", "display_name": "Political economy", "level": 1, "score": 0.33385902643203735}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.3224305510520935}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242", "display_name": "Literature", "level": 1, "score": 0.20902451872825623}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.2050991654396057}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.11619752645492554}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163", "display_name": "Politics", "level": 2, "score": 0.08861395716667175}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649", "display_name": "Visual arts", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1017/cbo9780511584725", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511584725", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306462995", "display_name": "Cambridge University Press eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311721", "host_organization_name": "Cambridge University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311721", "https://openalex.org/P4310311702"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Cambridge University Press", "University of Cambridge"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "monograph"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029336641", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511584725", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "software, multimedia"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "No poverty", "score": 0.5099999904632568, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W185176236", "https://openalex.org/W3196993756", "https://openalex.org/W2074445955", "https://openalex.org/W2412755911", "https://openalex.org/W4233782242", "https://openalex.org/W2021893094", "https://openalex.org/W4230831596", "https://openalex.org/W3030303643", "https://openalex.org/W2740408973", "https://openalex.org/W2358062320"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"In": [0], "1976,": [1], "China's": [2, 99], "'education": [3], "revolution'": [4], "was": [5], "being": [6], "hailed": [7], "by": [8], "foreign": [9], "observers": [10], "as": [11, 107], "an": [12], "inspiration": [13], "for": [14, 122], "all": [15], "low-income": [16], "countries.": [17], "By": [18], "1980,": [19], "the": [20, 25, 38, 44, 61, 64, 70, 82, 93, 103, 108], "Chinese": [21, 49], "themselves": [22], "had": [23], "disavowed": [24], "experience,": [26], "declaring": [27], "it": [28], "devoid": [29], "of": [30, 47, 57, 75, 95, 102], "even": [31], "a": [32, 54, 113, 125], "single": [33], "redeeming": [34], "virtue.": [35], "This": [36], "is": [37], "first": [39], "comprehensive": [40], "book": [41], "to": [42, 52, 86, 118], "cover": [43], "whole": [45], "sweep": [46], "twentieth-century": [48], "education,": [50], "and": [51, 78, 115], "provide": [53], "detailed": [55], "study": [56, 74], "what": [58], "occurred": [59], "in": [60, 112, 124], "countryside": [62], "under": [63], "radical": [65], "Maoist": [66], "education": [67], "experiments": [68], "during": [69], "Cultural": [71], "Revolution.": [72], "The": [73], "both": [76], "pre-": [77], "post-1949": [79], "China": [80], "provided": [81], "crucial": [83], "historical": [84], "perspective": [85], "distinguish": [87], "continuities": [88], "from": [89], "innovations.": [90], "Rather": [91], "than": [92], "epitome": [94], "good": [96], "or": [97], "evil,": [98], "educational": [100], "experiences": [101], "1970s": [104], "instead": [105], "emerged": [106], "most": [109], "tumultuous": [110], "episode": [111], "long": [114], "contentious": [116], "struggle": [117], "adapt": [119], "Western": [120], "ways": [121], "use": [123], "non-Western": [126], "society.": [127]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 21}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 5}], "updated_date": "2026-07-09T07:52:08.696243", "created_date": "2022-05-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2022572122", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1257/00028280260344443", "title": "Inequality Among World Citizens: 1820\u20131992", "display_name": "Inequality Among World Citizens: 1820\u20131992", "relevance_score": 261.04517, "publication_year": 2002, "publication_date": "2002-08-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2022572122", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1257/00028280260344443", "mag": "2022572122"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1257/00028280260344443", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1257/00028280260344443", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S23254222", "display_name": "American Economic Review", "issn_l": "0002-8282", "issn": ["0002-8282", "1944-7981"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315912", "host_organization_name": "American Economic Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Economic Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "American Economic Review", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5030639817", "display_name": "Fran\u00e7o\u00ecs Bourguignon", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3094-1827"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1334329717", "display_name": "World Bank", "ror": "https://ror.org/00ae7jd04", "country_code": "US", "type": "other", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1334329717", "https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Fran\u00e7ois Bourguignon", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Delta, 48 Boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, France and World Bank"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Delta, 48 Boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, France and World Bank", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5017610231", "display_name": "Christian Morrisson", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210091279", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord", "ror": "https://ror.org/0199hds37", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210091279"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I51101395", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 Paris 1 Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne", "ror": "https://ror.org/002t25c44", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I51101395"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Christian Morrisson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University Paris I and Delta, 36 Chemin Desvalli\u00e8res, 92410 Ville d'Avray, France"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University Paris I and Delta, 36 Chemin Desvalli\u00e8res, 92410 Ville d'Avray, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210091279", "https://openalex.org/I51101395"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 175.1421, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 1473, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99990193, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "92", "issue": "4", "first_page": "727", "last_page": "744"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10446", "display_name": "Income, Poverty, and Inequality", "score": 0.9987999796867371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10446", "display_name": "Income, Poverty, and Inequality", "score": 0.9987999796867371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11742", "display_name": "Economic Theory and Policy", "score": 0.9697999954223633, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2000", "display_name": "General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12137", "display_name": "Economic theories and models", "score": 0.9674999713897705, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2002", "display_name": "Economics and Econometrics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality", "display_name": "Inequality", "score": 0.854672372341156}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/economics", "display_name": "Economics", "score": 0.6447202563285828}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-inequality", "display_name": "Economic inequality", "score": 0.6279376149177551}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/world-war-ii", "display_name": "World War II", "score": 0.6180501580238342}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution", "display_name": "Distribution (mathematics)", "score": 0.5999235510826111}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/income-distribution", "display_name": "Income distribution", "score": 0.548613965511322}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/income-inequality-metrics", "display_name": "Income inequality metrics", "score": 0.5287218689918518}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/first-world-war", "display_name": "First world war", "score": 0.4726654291152954}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/development-economics", "display_name": "Development economics", "score": 0.4710908830165863}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-economics", "display_name": "Demographic economics", "score": 0.4249143600463867}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-inequality", "display_name": "Social inequality", "score": 0.41926315426826477}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.19675537943840027}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.14484903216362}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/law", "display_name": "Law", "score": 0.05803278088569641}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C45555294", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351", "display_name": "Inequality", "level": 2, "score": 0.854672372341156}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.6447202563285828}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C513380476", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020", "display_name": "Economic inequality", "level": 3, "score": 0.6279376149177551}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C137355542", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362", "display_name": "World War II", "level": 2, "score": 0.6180501580238342}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C110121322", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811", "display_name": "Distribution (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5999235510826111}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C519300510", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3915542", "display_name": "Income distribution", "level": 3, "score": 0.548613965511322}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C132000672", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6158427", "display_name": "Income inequality metrics", "level": 4, "score": 0.5287218689918518}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2991833021", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q361", "display_name": "First world war", "level": 2, "score": 0.4726654291152954}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C47768531", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188", "display_name": "Development economics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4710908830165863}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C4249254", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431", "display_name": "Demographic economics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4249143600463867}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C165148211", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5431887", "display_name": "Social inequality", "level": 3, "score": 0.41926315426826477}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.19675537943840027}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.14484903216362}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.05803278088569641}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754", "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493", "display_name": "Ancient history", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1257/00028280260344443", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1257/00028280260344443", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S23254222", "display_name": "American Economic Review", "issn_l": "0002-8282", "issn": ["0002-8282", "1944-7981"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315912", "host_organization_name": "American Economic Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Economic Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "American Economic Review", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:92:y:2002:i:4:p:727-744", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/00028280260344443", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I77793887", "host_organization_name": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I77793887"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "No poverty", "score": 0.7599999904632568, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 30, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W576388150", "https://openalex.org/W1972557934", "https://openalex.org/W1975566822", "https://openalex.org/W1982159281", "https://openalex.org/W1983276358", "https://openalex.org/W1984932890", "https://openalex.org/W1993616033", "https://openalex.org/W2013965894", "https://openalex.org/W2029490599", "https://openalex.org/W2044805881", "https://openalex.org/W2047746494", "https://openalex.org/W2047845267", "https://openalex.org/W2054588116", "https://openalex.org/W2060704175", "https://openalex.org/W2082793954", "https://openalex.org/W2092676258", "https://openalex.org/W2098001757", "https://openalex.org/W2124495323", "https://openalex.org/W2129324139", "https://openalex.org/W2141151109", "https://openalex.org/W2142670839", "https://openalex.org/W2146681290", "https://openalex.org/W2150406300", "https://openalex.org/W3122506036", "https://openalex.org/W3123662346", "https://openalex.org/W3124589646", "https://openalex.org/W3125177370", "https://openalex.org/W3125562161", "https://openalex.org/W4244134350", "https://openalex.org/W4256290197"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W777018712", "https://openalex.org/W1550364616", "https://openalex.org/W3121879630", "https://openalex.org/W2562904767", "https://openalex.org/W2064083586", "https://openalex.org/W646050805", "https://openalex.org/W1535095215", "https://openalex.org/W2276434208", "https://openalex.org/W1179424598", "https://openalex.org/W3037838657"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0], "paper": [1], "investigates": [2], "the": [3, 12, 28, 31, 52, 78, 86, 90, 95, 103], "distribution": [4, 23], "of": [5, 21, 24, 30, 89, 97], "well": [6], "being": [7], "among": [8], "world": [9, 22], "citizens": [10], "during": [11, 77], "last": [13, 104], "two": [14], "centuries.": [15], "The": [16], "estimates": [17], "show": [18], "that": [19, 40], "inequality": [20, 57, 99], "income": [25, 98], "worsened": [26], "from": [27], "beginning": [29], "19th": [32, 54, 79], "century": [33, 55], "to": [34, 42, 46, 60, 68, 100], "World": [35], "War": [36], "II": [37], "and": [38], "after": [39], "seems": [41], "have": [43, 47], "stabilized": [44], "or": [45], "grown": [48], "more": [49], "slowly.": [50], "In": [51], "early": [53], "most": [56], "was": [58, 66, 83], "due": [59, 67], "differences": [61, 69], "within": [62], "countries;": [63], "later,": [64], "it": [65], "between": [70], "countries.": [71], "Inequality": [72], "in": [73, 85, 102], "longevity,": [74], "also": [75], "increased": [76], "century,": [80, 92], "but": [81], "then": [82], "reversed": [84], "second": [87], "half": [88], "20th": [91], "perhaps": [93], "mitigating": [94], "failure": [96], "improve": [101], "decades.": [105]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 44}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 57}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 28}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 42}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 67}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 114}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 67}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 48}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 49}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 63}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 55}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 71}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 64}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 61}], "updated_date": "2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4409480206", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2979/2080.0", "title": "The Invention of Africa", "display_name": "The Invention of Africa", "relevance_score": 258.15945, "publication_year": 1988, "publication_date": "1988-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4409480206", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2979/2080.0"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.2979/2080.0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2979/2080.0", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463419", "display_name": "Indiana University Press eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319732", "host_organization_name": "Indiana University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319732"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Indiana University Press"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "edited-book"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5117166353", "display_name": "V. Mudimbe", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "V. Mudimbe", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5117166353"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 4.6075, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 849, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.95575584, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 97, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12160", "display_name": "African cultural and philosophical studies", "score": 0.08699999749660492, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12160", "display_name": "African cultural and philosophical studies", "score": 0.08699999749660492, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.29300111532211304}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.29300111532211304}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.2979/2080.0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2979/2080.0", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463419", "display_name": "Indiana University Press eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319732", "host_organization_name": "Indiana University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319732"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Indiana University Press"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "edited-book"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": [], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Winner": [0], "of": [1, 7, 12], "the": [2, 13, 17], "1989": [3], "Herskovits": [4], "AwardNamed": [5], "One": [6], "Africa's": [8], "100": [9], "Best": [10], "Books": [11], "20th": [14], "Century": [15], "by": [16], "Zimbabwe": [18], "International": [19], "Book": [20], "Fair": [21]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 105}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 166}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 96}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 88}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 49}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 98}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 57}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 18}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 5}], "updated_date": "2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2086399807", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00058.x", "title": "The deinstitutionalization of American marriage", "display_name": "The deinstitutionalization of American marriage", "relevance_score": 254.27824, "publication_year": 2004, "publication_date": "2004-10-12", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2086399807", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00058.x", "mag": "2086399807"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00058.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00058.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S146344", "display_name": "Journal of Marriage and the Family", "issn_l": "0022-2445", "issn": ["0022-2445", "1741-3737"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Marriage and Family", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5033198222", "display_name": "Andrew J. Cherlin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2100-1964"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I145311948", "display_name": "Johns Hopkins University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Andrew J. Cherlin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Johns Hopkins University", "Johns Hopkins University ("], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Johns Hopkins University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Johns Hopkins University (", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5033198222"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145311948"], "apc_list": {"value": 3860, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3860}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 102.1418, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 1755, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99992452, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "66", "issue": "4", "first_page": "848", "last_page": "861"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10585", "display_name": "Family Dynamics and Relationships", "score": 0.9962000250816345, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3317", "display_name": "Demography"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10585", "display_name": "Family Dynamics and Relationships", "score": 0.9962000250816345, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3317", "display_name": "Demography"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10156", "display_name": "LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy", "score": 0.9763000011444092, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11464", "display_name": "Homelessness and Social Issues", "score": 0.9735999703407288, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3600", "display_name": "General Health Professions"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/36", "display_name": "Health Professions"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/prestige", "display_name": "Prestige", "score": 0.7717183232307434}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning", "display_name": "Meaning (existential)", "score": 0.6553144454956055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/context", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "score": 0.5714139342308044}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/transition", "display_name": "Transition (genetics)", "score": 0.5026123523712158}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/state", "display_name": "State (computer science)", "score": 0.4967518448829651}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.48802199959754944}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cohabitation", "display_name": "Cohabitation", "score": 0.48526427149772644}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/the-symbolic", "display_name": "The Symbolic", "score": 0.4437378942966461}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-interactionism", "display_name": "Symbolic interactionism", "score": 0.43457236886024475}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-studies", "display_name": "Gender studies", "score": 0.42064306139945984}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.41871291399002075}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology", "display_name": "Social psychology", "score": 0.39578282833099365}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology", "display_name": "Criminology", "score": 0.3897162079811096}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.2157784104347229}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/law", "display_name": "Law", "score": 0.13437539339065552}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychoanalysis", "display_name": "Psychoanalysis", "score": 0.12663403153419495}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.11082515120506287}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778329345", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919978", "display_name": "Prestige", "level": 2, "score": 0.7717183232307434}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780876879", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749", "display_name": "Meaning (existential)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6553144454956055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5714139342308044}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C194232998", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606712", "display_name": "Transition (genetics)", "level": 3, "score": 0.5026123523712158}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031", "display_name": "State (computer science)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4967518448829651}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.48802199959754944}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779442300", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49800", "display_name": "Cohabitation", "level": 2, "score": 0.48526427149772644}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776095079", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489538", "display_name": "The Symbolic", "level": 2, "score": 0.4437378942966461}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C128850910", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163216", "display_name": "Symbolic interactionism", "level": 2, "score": 0.43457236886024475}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107993555", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673", "display_name": "Gender studies", "level": 1, "score": 0.42064306139945984}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.41871291399002075}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.39578282833099365}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C73484699", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733", "display_name": "Criminology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3897162079811096}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.2157784104347229}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.13437539339065552}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11171543", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630", "display_name": "Psychoanalysis", "level": 1, "score": 0.12663403153419495}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.11082515120506287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257", "display_name": "Psychotherapist", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498", "display_name": "Archaeology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162", "display_name": "Linguistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00058.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00058.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S146344", "display_name": "Journal of Marriage and the Family", "issn_l": "0022-2445", "issn": ["0022-2445", "1741-3737"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Marriage and Family", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.614.8920", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.614.8920", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "https://ecf.cand.uscourts.gov/cand/09cv2292/evidence/DIX0049.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Gender equality", "score": 0.6700000166893005, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 65, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W97196054", "https://openalex.org/W181671415", "https://openalex.org/W199067533", "https://openalex.org/W568822448", "https://openalex.org/W1267125192", "https://openalex.org/W1501087929", "https://openalex.org/W1511405543", "https://openalex.org/W1533510810", "https://openalex.org/W1557643675", "https://openalex.org/W1721022987", "https://openalex.org/W1761654819", "https://openalex.org/W1853850997", "https://openalex.org/W1958275295", "https://openalex.org/W1968075452", "https://openalex.org/W1975270118", "https://openalex.org/W1976460644", "https://openalex.org/W1978905684", "https://openalex.org/W1983521820", "https://openalex.org/W1987230104", "https://openalex.org/W1988825744", "https://openalex.org/W1991246502", "https://openalex.org/W2001519598", "https://openalex.org/W2003166624", "https://openalex.org/W2008625550", "https://openalex.org/W2008656071", "https://openalex.org/W2019706326", "https://openalex.org/W2023065782", "https://openalex.org/W2025667715", "https://openalex.org/W2033401061", "https://openalex.org/W2035643947", "https://openalex.org/W2039810561", "https://openalex.org/W2046874527", "https://openalex.org/W2048223623", "https://openalex.org/W2056368789", "https://openalex.org/W2064656569", "https://openalex.org/W2070415764", "https://openalex.org/W2072200608", "https://openalex.org/W2079847775", "https://openalex.org/W2084609619", "https://openalex.org/W2095584686", "https://openalex.org/W2095688072", "https://openalex.org/W2104251546", "https://openalex.org/W2112930690", "https://openalex.org/W2146377072", "https://openalex.org/W2160496938", "https://openalex.org/W2166307729", "https://openalex.org/W2218985903", "https://openalex.org/W2313505432", "https://openalex.org/W2324138517", "https://openalex.org/W2325425202", "https://openalex.org/W2523934463", "https://openalex.org/W3109173677", "https://openalex.org/W4205751901", "https://openalex.org/W4206350980", "https://openalex.org/W4207050011", "https://openalex.org/W4233197279", "https://openalex.org/W4242389107", "https://openalex.org/W4244577207", "https://openalex.org/W4245383419", "https://openalex.org/W4246880249", "https://openalex.org/W4252677098", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W4293713489", "https://openalex.org/W4367298270", "https://openalex.org/W4385886469"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3150061700", "https://openalex.org/W632509895", "https://openalex.org/W2050457153", "https://openalex.org/W2393984878", "https://openalex.org/W2080231362", "https://openalex.org/W4200026498", "https://openalex.org/W4320858016", "https://openalex.org/W2519376059", "https://openalex.org/W2334534993", "https://openalex.org/W2531542823"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0], "article": [1], "argues": [2], "that": [3, 16, 49], "marriage": [4, 48, 77, 89, 105, 143], "has": [5, 106, 111, 120], "undergone": [6], "a": [7, 122], "process": [8], "of": [9, 12, 33, 39, 47, 104, 124, 130, 142], "deinstitutionalization\u2014a": [10], "weakening": [11], "the": [13, 20, 28, 37, 45, 52, 56, 61, 75, 79, 87, 92, 101, 139], "social": [14, 62], "norms": [15], "define": [17], "partners'": [18], "behavior\u2014over": [19], "past": [21], "few": [22], "decades.": [23], "Examples": [24, 129], "are": [25, 134, 148], "presented": [26], "involving": [27], "increasing": [29], "number": [30], "and": [31, 36, 97, 114, 126, 144], "complexity": [32], "cohabiting": [34], "unions": [35], "emergence": [38], "same\u2010sex": [40], "marriage.": [41, 81], "Two": [42], "transitions": [43], "in": [44, 51, 90], "meaning": [46], "occurred": [50], "United": [53], "States": [54], "during": [55], "20th": [57], "century": [58], "have": [59, 117], "created": [60], "context": [63], "for": [64, 138], "deinstitutionalization.": [65], "The": [66, 82, 136], "first": [67], "transition,": [68], "noted": [69], "by": [70], "Ernest": [71], "Burgess,": [72], "was": [73, 85], "from": [74], "institutional": [76], "to": [78, 86], "companionate": [80], "second": [83], "transition": [84], "individualized": [88], "which": [91], "emphasis": [93], "on": [94], "personal": [95, 127], "choice": [96], "self\u2010development": [98], "expanded.": [99], "Although": [100], "practical": [102], "importance": [103], "declined,": [107], "its": [108, 131, 145], "symbolic": [109, 132], "significance": [110, 133], "remained": [112], "high": [113], "may": [115], "even": [116], "increased.": [118], "It": [119], "become": [121], "marker": [123], "prestige": [125], "achievement.": [128], "presented.": [135], "implications": [137], "current": [140], "state": [141], "future": [146], "direction": [147], "discussed.": [149]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 35}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 77}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 93}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 74}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 90}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 115}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 95}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 111}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 77}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 104}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 80}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 120}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 106}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 90}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 90}], "updated_date": "2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1515303258", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1866085", "title": "The Myth of the Lazy Native: A Study of the Image of the Malays, Filipinos and Javanese from the 16th to the 20th Century and its Function in the Ideology of Colonial Capitalism", "display_name": "The Myth of the Lazy Native: A Study of the Image of the Malays, Filipinos and Javanese from the 16th to the 20th Century and its Function in the Ideology of Colonial Capitalism", "relevance_score": 247.42833, "publication_year": 1978, "publication_date": "1978-02-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1515303258", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1866085", "mag": "1515303258"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.2307/1866085", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1866085", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S197437610", "display_name": "The American Historical Review", "issn_l": "0002-8762", "issn": ["0002-8762", "1937-5239"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The American Historical Review", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080150009", "display_name": "Bruce Cruikshank", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bruce Cruikshank", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5082629106", "display_name": "Seyd Hussein Alatas", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165932596", "display_name": "National University of Singapore", "ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Seyd Hussein Alatas", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National University of Singapore"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National University of Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": {"value": 4400, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4400}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 0.0, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 445, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.1768511, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": false}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "83", "issue": "1", "first_page": "258", "last_page": "258"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12872", "display_name": "Philippine History and Culture", "score": 0.9739000201225281, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3314", "display_name": "Anthropology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12872", "display_name": "Philippine History and Culture", "score": 0.9739000201225281, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3314", "display_name": "Anthropology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11256", "display_name": "Asian Studies and History", "score": 0.9546999931335449, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ideology", "display_name": "Ideology", "score": 0.7357343435287476}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/colonialism", "display_name": "Colonialism", "score": 0.715055525302887}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/malay", "display_name": "Malay", "score": 0.6809239983558655}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/character", "display_name": "Character (mathematics)", "score": 0.5705288052558899}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.5668923854827881}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous", "display_name": "Indigenous", "score": 0.5103837847709656}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/capitalism", "display_name": "Capitalism", "score": 0.44515475630760193}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-history", "display_name": "Ancient history", "score": 0.4285353422164917}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mythology", "display_name": "Mythology", "score": 0.42721027135849}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/literature", "display_name": "Literature", "score": 0.35441821813583374}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art", "display_name": "Art", "score": 0.22799885272979736}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.19883403182029724}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/classics", "display_name": "Classics", "score": 0.13178348541259766}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.11812207102775574}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/law", "display_name": "Law", "score": 0.11017769575119019}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/politics", "display_name": "Politics", "score": 0.08739373087882996}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics", "display_name": "Linguistics", "score": 0.07573288679122925}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.0715746283531189}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology", "display_name": "Archaeology", "score": 0.06459498405456543}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C158071213", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257", "display_name": "Ideology", "level": 3, "score": 0.7357343435287476}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C531593650", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167", "display_name": "Colonialism", "level": 2, "score": 0.715055525302887}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776938241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9237", "display_name": "Malay", "level": 2, "score": 0.6809239983558655}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780861071", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934", "display_name": "Character (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5705288052558899}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.5668923854827881}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55958113", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480", "display_name": "Indigenous", "level": 2, "score": 0.5103837847709656}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C514928085", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206", "display_name": "Capitalism", "level": 3, "score": 0.44515475630760193}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493", "display_name": "Ancient history", "level": 1, "score": 0.4285353422164917}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C519517224", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12827256", "display_name": "Mythology", "level": 2, "score": 0.42721027135849}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242", "display_name": "Literature", "level": 1, "score": 0.35441821813583374}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.22799885272979736}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.19883403182029724}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C74916050", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090", "display_name": "Classics", "level": 1, "score": 0.13178348541259766}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.11812207102775574}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.11017769575119019}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163", "display_name": "Politics", "level": 2, "score": 0.08739373087882996}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162", "display_name": "Linguistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.07573288679122925}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0715746283531189}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498", "display_name": "Archaeology", "level": 1, "score": 0.06459498405456543}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.2307/1866085", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1866085", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S197437610", "display_name": "The American Historical Review", "issn_l": "0002-8762", "issn": ["0002-8762", "1937-5239"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The American Historical Review", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Decent work and economic growth", "score": 0.800000011920929, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 8, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W602587308", "https://openalex.org/W613516119", "https://openalex.org/W1603982678", "https://openalex.org/W1983793120", "https://openalex.org/W2033674535", "https://openalex.org/W2035420401", "https://openalex.org/W2049494069", "https://openalex.org/W2483149963"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4387497383", "https://openalex.org/W3183948672", "https://openalex.org/W3173606202", "https://openalex.org/W3110381201", "https://openalex.org/W2948807893", "https://openalex.org/W2935909890", "https://openalex.org/W2778153218", "https://openalex.org/W2758277628", "https://openalex.org/W1531601525", "https://openalex.org/W2038431514"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "image": [1, 11, 24, 36, 48, 76], "of": [2, 8, 12, 25, 37, 49, 71, 80, 86, 95, 100, 105], "the": [3, 6, 13, 16, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41, 44, 47, 52, 63, 69, 72, 74, 78, 83, 93, 96, 98, 103, 106], "Malays": [4, 14, 97], "until": [5], "time": [7], "Raffles": [9], "British": [10], "in": [15, 62], "late": [17], "19th": [18, 33, 64], "century": [19, 22, 34, 46, 68], "and": [20, 51, 57, 65, 77, 88, 92], "20th": [21, 45, 67], "Filipinos": [27, 73], "during": [28], "17th": [30], "to": [31, 43], "Javanese": [39], "from": [40], "18th": [42], "indolence": [50, 70, 89, 94], "corresponding": [53], "reality": [54], "colonial": [55, 75], "capitalism": [56], "its": [58], "attitude": [59], "towards": [60], "labour": [61], "early": [66], "study": [79], "national": [81], "character": [82, 102], "Malay": [84, 101], "concept": [85], "industry": [87], "mental": [90], "revolution": [91], "distortion": [99], "disappearance": [104], "indigenous": [107], "trading": [108], "class": [109], "conclusion.": [110]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 34}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 38}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 24}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 31}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 56}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 21}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 21}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 16}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 18}], "updated_date": "2026-08-03T07:22:36.454288", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2095105940", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<1161:sacpit>2.0.co;2", "title": "Sedimentation and climatic patterns in the Santa Barbara Basin during the 19th and 20th centuries", "display_name": "Sedimentation and climatic patterns in the Santa Barbara Basin during the 19th and 20th centuries", "relevance_score": 237.39406, "publication_year": 1977, "publication_date": "1977-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2095105940", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<1161:sacpit>2.0.co;2", "mag": "2095105940"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<1161:sacpit>2.0.co;2", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<1161:sacpit>2.0.co;2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S3271665", "display_name": "Geological Society of America Bulletin", "issn_l": "0016-7606", "issn": ["0016-7606", "1943-2674"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319845", "host_organization_name": "Geological Society of America", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319845"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Geological Society of America"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Geological Society of America Bulletin", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055317353", "display_name": "Andrew Soutar", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I150209017", "display_name": "Scripps Institution of Oceanography", "ror": "https://ror.org/04v7hvq31", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I150209017", "https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "ANDREW SOUTAR", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093", "Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California 92093"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I150209017"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California 92093", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I150209017"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068495230", "display_name": "P. A. Crill", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I150209017", "display_name": "Scripps Institution of Oceanography", "ror": "https://ror.org/04v7hvq31", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I150209017", "https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "PETER A. CRILL", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093", "Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California 92093"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I150209017"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California 92093", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I150209017"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I150209017"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 3.0315, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 235, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.90706393, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 93, "max": 99}, "biblio": {"volume": "88", "issue": "8", "first_page": "1161", "last_page": "1161"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11594", "display_name": "Tree-ring climate responses", "score": 0.996399998664856, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1902", "display_name": "Atmospheric Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11594", "display_name": "Tree-ring climate responses", "score": 0.996399998664856, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1902", "display_name": "Atmospheric Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10266", "display_name": "Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics", "score": 0.9961000084877014, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306", "display_name": "Global and Planetary Change"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10017", "display_name": "Geology and Paleoclimatology Research", "score": 0.9878000020980835, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1902", "display_name": "Atmospheric Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/citation", "display_name": "Citation", "score": 0.7018611431121826}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/icon", "display_name": "Icon", "score": 0.6495877504348755}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science", "display_name": "Library science", "score": 0.41487663984298706}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geology", "display_name": "Geology", "score": 0.3723507523536682}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art-history", "display_name": "Art history", "score": 0.37223508954048157}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.3714694678783417}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.18622121214866638}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778805511", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713", "display_name": "Citation", "level": 2, "score": 0.7018611431121826}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778447006", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156474", "display_name": "Icon", "level": 2, "score": 0.6495877504348755}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655", "display_name": "Library science", "level": 1, "score": 0.41487663984298706}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069", "display_name": "Geology", "level": 0, "score": 0.3723507523536682}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C52119013", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637", "display_name": "Art history", "level": 1, "score": 0.37223508954048157}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.3714694678783417}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.18622121214866638}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<1161:sacpit>2.0.co;2", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<1161:sacpit>2.0.co;2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S3271665", "display_name": "Geological Society of America Bulletin", "issn_l": "0016-7606", "issn": ["0016-7606", "1943-2674"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319845", "host_organization_name": "Geological Society of America", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319845"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Geological Society of America"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Geological Society of America Bulletin", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Life below water", "score": 0.7099999785423279, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "display_name": "National Science Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W3175319091", "https://openalex.org/W2056060060", "https://openalex.org/W1504514227", "https://openalex.org/W220677501", "https://openalex.org/W2076882245", "https://openalex.org/W2175435306", "https://openalex.org/W4360922125", "https://openalex.org/W2981902742", "https://openalex.org/W4207071872"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Research": [0], "Article|": [1], "August": [2], "01,": [3], "1977": [4], "Sedimentation": [5, 155], "and": [6, 17, 69, 156, 167, 234, 240, 260, 295, 347, 362, 376], "climatic": [7, 157], "patterns": [8, 158], "in": [9, 159, 221, 278, 307, 351], "the": [10, 15, 160, 165, 222, 274, 279, 285, 293, 308, 323, 341, 352, 368, 371, 377, 385, 389, 401], "Santa": [11, 161, 223, 390], "Barbara": [12, 162, 224, 391], "Basin": [13, 163, 225], "during": [14, 164], "19th": [16, 166], "20th": [18, 168], "centuries": [19], "ANDREW": [20, 22, 72, 150], "SOUTAR;": [21], "SOUTAR": [23, 73], "1Scripps": [24, 49, 74, 85], "Institution": [25, 50, 75, 86], "of": [26, 51, 76, 87, 96, 111, 217, 238, 244, 251, 273, 276, 310, 326, 343, 370, 374, 379, 388], "Oceanography,": [27, 52, 77, 88], "La": [28, 53, 78, 89], "Jolla,": [29, 54, 79, 90], "California": [30, 55, 80, 91, 230], "92093": [31, 56, 81, 92], "Search": [32, 57, 147, 193, 200, 211, 213], "for": [33, 58], "other": [34, 59], "works": [35, 60], "by": [36, 61, 292, 301], "this": [37, 62, 417], "author": [38, 63], "on:": [39, 64], "GSW": [40, 65], "Google": [41, 66], "Scholar": [42, 67], "PETER": [43, 46, 82, 152], "A.": [44, 47, 83, 153], "CRILL": [45, 48, 84], "Author": [68], "Article": [70, 120], "Information": [71], "Publisher:": [93], "Geological": [94, 109], "Society": [95, 110], "America": [97, 112], "First": [98, 122, 406], "Online:": [99, 123], "01": [100, 124], "Jun": [101, 125], "2017": [102, 126], "Online": [103], "ISSN:": [104, 107], "1943-2674": [105], "Print": [106], "0016-7606": [108], "GSA": [113, 170], "Bulletin": [114, 171, 210], "(1977)": [115], "88": [116, 173], "(8):": [117, 174], "1161\u20131172.": [118, 175], "https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<1161:SACPIT>2.0.CO;2": [119, 177], "history": [121], "Cite": [127], "View": [128], "This": [129, 338, 393], "Citation": [130, 133, 149], "Add": [131], "to": [132, 228, 235, 248, 315, 319, 367, 384, 404, 416, 421], "Manager": [134], "Share": [135, 137], "Icon": [136, 143], "Facebook": [138], "Twitter": [139], "LinkedIn": [140], "MailTo": [141], "Tools": [142, 144], "Get": [145], "Permissions": [146], "Site": [148], "SOUTAR,": [151], "CRILL;": [154], "centuries.": [169], "1977;;": [172], "doi:": [176], "Download": [178], "citation": [179], "file:": [180], "Ris": [181], "(Zotero)": [182], "Refmanager": [183], "EasyBib": [184], "Bookends": [185], "Mendeley": [186], "Papers": [187], "EndNote": [188], "RefWorks": [189], "BibTex": [190], "toolbar": [191, 196], "search": [192, 197, 198, 206], "Dropdown": [194], "Menu": [195], "input": [199, 201], "auto": [202], "suggest": [203, 264], "filter": [204, 290], "your": [205, 422], "All": [207], "ContentBy": [208], "SocietyGSA": [209], "Advanced": [212], "Abstract": [214], "The": [215, 242, 288, 355], "thickness": [216], "annual": [218], "sediment": [219, 333, 345, 387], "laminations": [220], "is": [226, 255, 270, 365, 395], "compared": [227], "southern": [229], "drought-resistant": [231], "tree": [232, 261, 268], "growth": [233, 378], "regional": [236], "indices": [237], "rainfall": [239, 259, 277], "temperature.": [241], "rate": [243, 373], "sedimentation": [245, 294], "was": [246], "found": [247], "be": [249, 299, 313], "independent": [250], "temperature,": [252], "but": [253], "it": [254], "highly": [256], "correlated": [257], "with": [258], "growth.": [262], "We": [263], "that": [265, 328, 340, 358], "sedimentation,": [266, 311], "like": [267], "growth,": [269], "a": [271, 302, 330, 380], "function": [272], "amount": [275], "prior": [280], "seasons": [281], "as": [282, 284], "well": [283], "current": [286], "season.": [287], "natural": [289], "displayed": [291], "tree-growth": [296], "records": [297], "can": [298, 312], "described": [300], "simple": [303], "mathematical": [304], "model": [305], "which,": [306], "case": [309], "related": [314], "upstream": [316], "aggradation": [317], "or": [318], "distributional": [320], "processes": [321], "on": [322, 400], "shelf.The": [324], "pair": [325], "laminae": [327, 361, 364], "constitute": [329], "single": [331], "year's": [332], "accumulation": [334], "are": [335], "directly": [336], "related.": [337], "suggests": [339], "process": [342], "detrital": [344], "delay": [346], "redistribution": [348], "operates": [349], "primarily": [350], "marine": [353], "environment.": [354], "density": [356], "difference": [357], "distinguishes": [359], "\"winter\"": [360], "\"summer\"": [363], "ascribed": [366], "interaction": [369], "seasonal": [372], "deposition": [375], "mat-forming": [381], "organism": [382], "endemic": [383], "surface": [386], "Basin.": [392], "content": [394], "PDF": [396, 402], "only.": [397], "Please": [398], "click": [399], "icon": [403], "access.": [405, 431], "Page": [407], "Preview": [408], "Close": [409], "Modal": [410], "You": [411], "do": [412], "not": [413], "have": [414, 430], "access": [415], "content,": [418], "please": [419], "speak": [420], "institutional": [423], "administrator": [424], "if": [425], "you": [426, 428], "feel": [427], "should": [429]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 5}], "updated_date": "2026-07-11T18:08:03.149640", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1548583970", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-7488(80)90077-8", "title": "The making of the English landscape", "display_name": "The making of the English landscape", "relevance_score": 236.30888, "publication_year": 1980, "publication_date": "1980-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1548583970", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-7488(80)90077-8", "mag": "1548583970"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0305-7488(80)90077-8", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-7488(80)90077-8", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S202848731", "display_name": "Journal of Historical Geography", "issn_l": "0305-7488", "issn": ["0305-7488", "1095-8614"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Historical Geography", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "book-review", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": {"value": 2270, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 2270}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": null, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 852, "citation_normalized_percentile": null, "cited_by_percentile_year": null, "biblio": {"volume": "6", "issue": "1", "first_page": "111", "last_page": "111"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13863", "display_name": "Cultural History and Identity Formation", "score": 0.45820000767707825, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1202", "display_name": "History"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13863", "display_name": "Cultural History and Identity Formation", "score": 0.45820000767707825, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1202", "display_name": "History"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14109", "display_name": "Scottish History and National Identity", "score": 0.4318000078201294, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1202", "display_name": "History"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12098", "display_name": "Rural development and sustainability", "score": 0.38449999690055847, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1100", "display_name": "General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.5761158466339111}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/landscape-history", "display_name": "Landscape history", "score": 0.4790012538433075}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geography", "display_name": "Geography", "score": 0.3779311776161194}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genealogy", "display_name": "Genealogy", "score": 0.33890461921691895}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art-history", "display_name": "Art history", "score": 0.33727025985717773}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology", "display_name": "Archaeology", "score": 0.32749563455581665}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/landscape-archaeology", "display_name": "Landscape archaeology", "score": 0.21091735363006592}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/landscape-design", "display_name": "Landscape design", "score": 0.13636282086372375}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.09241265058517456}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering", "display_name": "Civil engineering", "score": 0.06251394748687744}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.5761158466339111}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C533912065", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6485101", "display_name": "Landscape history", "level": 4, "score": 0.4790012538433075}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.3779311776161194}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C53553401", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47307", "display_name": "Genealogy", "level": 1, "score": 0.33890461921691895}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C52119013", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637", "display_name": "Art history", "level": 1, "score": 0.33727025985717773}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498", "display_name": "Archaeology", "level": 1, "score": 0.32749563455581665}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C179399861", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621486", "display_name": "Landscape archaeology", "level": 3, "score": 0.21091735363006592}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C108865711", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8071177", "display_name": "Landscape design", "level": 2, "score": 0.13636282086372375}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.09241265058517456}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590", "display_name": "Civil engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.06251394748687744}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0305-7488(80)90077-8", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-7488(80)90077-8", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S202848731", "display_name": "Journal of Historical Geography", "issn_l": "0305-7488", "issn": ["0305-7488", "1095-8614"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Historical Geography", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Sustainable cities and communities", "score": 0.6499999761581421, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W1978739048", "https://openalex.org/W794748270", "https://openalex.org/W803288841", "https://openalex.org/W2078569064", "https://openalex.org/W2318272804", "https://openalex.org/W795803523", "https://openalex.org/W2965430211", "https://openalex.org/W1520337225", "https://openalex.org/W784177263"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 18}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 36}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 103}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 47}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 50}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 26}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 26}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 26}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 21}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 23}], "updated_date": "2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2080975227", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1846940", "title": "The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America", "display_name": "The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America", "relevance_score": 235.77957, "publication_year": 1965, "publication_date": "1965-07-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2080975227", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1846940", "mag": "2080975227"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.2307/1846940", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1846940", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S197437610", "display_name": "The American Historical Review", "issn_l": "0002-8762", "issn": ["0002-8762", "1937-5239"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The American Historical Review", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5064033257", "display_name": "Willard Thorp", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Willard Thorp", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5085291081", "display_name": "L\u00e9o Marx", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9657-293X"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Leo Marx", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": {"value": 4400, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4400}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 12.5917, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 1407, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.97594752, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 95, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "70", "issue": "4", "first_page": "1120", "last_page": "1120"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12837", "display_name": "American Environmental and Regional History", "score": 0.5130000114440918, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2308", "display_name": "Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12837", "display_name": "American Environmental and Regional History", "score": 0.5130000114440918, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2308", "display_name": "Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13005", "display_name": "Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices", "score": 0.46219998598098755, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1211", "display_name": "Philosophy"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ideal", "display_name": "Ideal (ethics)", "score": 0.7004213333129883}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/culture-of-the-united-states", "display_name": "Culture of the United States", "score": 0.4959295690059662}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-ethics", "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "score": 0.461882084608078}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/late-19th-century", "display_name": "Late 19th century", "score": 0.43139517307281494}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.40283918380737305}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.39955881237983704}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics", "display_name": "Aesthetics", "score": 0.3590317964553833}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science", "display_name": "Social science", "score": 0.3430923819541931}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.21665844321250916}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/law", "display_name": "Law", "score": 0.1815171241760254}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art", "display_name": "Art", "score": 0.17244139313697815}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.14507773518562317}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/period", "display_name": "Period (music)", "score": 0.09540566802024841}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776639384", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396", "display_name": "Ideal (ethics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7004213333129883}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33285361", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1044835", "display_name": "Culture of the United States", "level": 2, "score": 0.4959295690059662}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95124753", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686", "display_name": "Environmental ethics", "level": 1, "score": 0.461882084608078}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3018868712", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6955", "display_name": "Late 19th century", "level": 3, "score": 0.43139517307281494}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.40283918380737305}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.39955881237983704}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986", "display_name": "Aesthetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3590317964553833}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749", "display_name": "Social science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3430923819541931}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.21665844321250916}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.1815171241760254}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.17244139313697815}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.14507773518562317}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781291010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580", "display_name": "Period (music)", "level": 2, "score": 0.09540566802024841}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.2307/1846940", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1846940", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S197437610", "display_name": "The American Historical Review", "issn_l": "0002-8762", "issn": ["0002-8762", "1937-5239"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The American Historical Review", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4387497383", "https://openalex.org/W3183948672", "https://openalex.org/W3173606202", "https://openalex.org/W3110381201", "https://openalex.org/W2948807893", "https://openalex.org/W2935909890", "https://openalex.org/W2778153218", "https://openalex.org/W2758277628", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W1531601525"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"For": [0], "over": [1], "four": [2], "decades,": [3], "Leo": [4], "Marx's": [5, 105], "work": [6, 125], "has": [7], "focused": [8], "on": [9, 116], "the": [10, 37, 45, 57, 61, 64, 80, 85, 101, 114, 117, 130], "relationship": [11], "between": [12, 39, 63], "technology": [13], "and": [14, 18, 41, 44, 48, 66, 75, 87], "culture": [15, 49], "in": [16, 56, 98], "19th-": [17], "20th-century": [19], "America.": [20], "His": [21], "research": [22], "helped": [23], "to": [24, 27], "define-and": [25], "continues": [26], "give": [28], "depth": [29], "to-the": [30], "area": [31], "of": [32, 84, 90, 100, 104, 119], "American": [33, 73, 134], "studies": [34], "concerned": [35], "with": [36], "links": [38], "scientific": [40], "technological": [42], "advances,": [43], "way": [46], "society": [47], "both": [50], "determine": [51], "these": [52], "links.": [53], "The": [54], "Machine": [55], "Garden": [58], "fully": [59], "examines": [60], "difference": [62], "pastoral": [65], "progressive": [67], "ideals": [68], "which": [69, 76], "characterized": [70], "early": [71], "19th-century": [72], "culture,": [74], "ultimately": [77], "evolved": [78], "into": [79], "basis": [81], "for": [82], "much": [83], "environmental": [86], "nuclear": [88], "debates": [89], "contemporary": [91], "society.": [92], "This": [93], "new": [94, 111], "edition": [95], "is": [96], "appearing": [97], "celebration": [99], "35th": [102], "anniversary": [103], "classic": [106], "text.": [107], "It": [108], "features": [109], "a": [110, 124], "afterword": [112], "by": [113], "author": [115], "process": [118], "writing": [120], "this": [121], "pioneering": [122], "book,": [123], "that": [126], "all": [127], "but": [128], "founded": [129], "discipline": [131], "now": [132], "called": [133], "Studies.": [135]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 33}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 59}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 56}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 78}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 56}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 60}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 67}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 52}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 73}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 77}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 77}], "updated_date": "2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2910148041", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466961.001.0001", "title": "The Oxford Handbook of Music Listening in the 19th and 20th Centuries", "display_name": "The Oxford Handbook of Music Listening in the 19th and 20th Centuries", "relevance_score": 233.51239, "publication_year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-11-07", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2910148041", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466961.001.0001", "mag": "2910148041"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466961.001.0001", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466961.001.0001", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463708", "display_name": "Oxford University Press eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Oxford Handbooks Online", "raw_type": "edited-book"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Thorau, Christian 1964-", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Thorau, Christian 1964-", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Ziemer, Hansjakob ca. 20. Jh.", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ziemer, Hansjakob ca. 20. Jh.", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 19.5058, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 169, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.98942598, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 94, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11113", "display_name": "Music History and Culture", "score": 0.8337000012397766, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1210", "display_name": "Music"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11113", "display_name": "Music History and Culture", "score": 0.8337000012397766, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1210", "display_name": "Music"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/active-listening", "display_name": "Active listening", "score": 0.9250522255897522}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/appreciative-listening", "display_name": "Appreciative listening", "score": 0.7836623787879944}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/realm", "display_name": "Realm", "score": 0.7180255055427551}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/musical", "display_name": "Musical", "score": 0.6709833145141602}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/perception", "display_name": "Perception", "score": 0.5768927931785583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/set", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "score": 0.5224470496177673}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence", "display_name": "Interdependence", "score": 0.5088172554969788}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics", "display_name": "Aesthetics", "score": 0.5073637366294861}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/subject", "display_name": "Subject (documents)", "score": 0.5053744912147522}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-arts", "display_name": "Visual arts", "score": 0.48210859298706055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/popular-music", "display_name": "Popular music", "score": 0.4370201826095581}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/reflective-listening", "display_name": "Reflective listening", "score": 0.43230724334716797}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/informational-listening", "display_name": "Informational listening", "score": 0.4079084098339081}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.39126601815223694}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.33782345056533813}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.32643184065818787}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art", "display_name": "Art", "score": 0.3228914141654968}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.27571117877960205}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.2025798261165619}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/communication", "display_name": "Communication", "score": 0.18461430072784424}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science", "display_name": "Social science", "score": 0.15129932761192322}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.09747955203056335}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C177291462", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423038", "display_name": "Active listening", "level": 2, "score": 0.9250522255897522}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C20553511", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781694", "display_name": "Appreciative listening", "level": 3, "score": 0.7836623787879944}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778757428", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250464", "display_name": "Realm", "level": 2, "score": 0.7180255055427551}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C558565934", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743", "display_name": "Musical", "level": 2, "score": 0.6709833145141602}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26760741", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402", "display_name": "Perception", "level": 2, "score": 0.5768927931785583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5224470496177673}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185874996", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699", "display_name": "Interdependence", "level": 2, "score": 0.5088172554969788}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986", "display_name": "Aesthetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.5073637366294861}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777855551", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021", "display_name": "Subject (documents)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5053744912147522}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649", "display_name": "Visual arts", "level": 1, "score": 0.48210859298706055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C114611597", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373342", "display_name": "Popular music", "level": 2, "score": 0.4370201826095581}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C10061420", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307320", "display_name": "Reflective listening", "level": 5, "score": 0.43230724334716797}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C6588083", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031274", "display_name": "Informational listening", "level": 4, "score": 0.4079084098339081}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.39126601815223694}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.33782345056533813}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.32643184065818787}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.3228914141654968}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.27571117877960205}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.2025798261165619}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C46312422", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024", "display_name": "Communication", "level": 1, "score": 0.18461430072784424}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749", "display_name": "Social science", "level": 1, "score": 0.15129932761192322}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.09747955203056335}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498", "display_name": "Archaeology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655", "display_name": "Library science", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2986659363", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6646450", "display_name": "Listening comprehension", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466961.001.0001", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466961.001.0001", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463708", "display_name": "Oxford University Press eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Oxford Handbooks Online", "raw_type": "edited-book"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Quality Education", "score": 0.7699999809265137, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2273604668", "https://openalex.org/W2535286814", "https://openalex.org/W1567459970", "https://openalex.org/W4386731122", "https://openalex.org/W2011375753", "https://openalex.org/W2395183893", "https://openalex.org/W1941267204", "https://openalex.org/W2379399543", "https://openalex.org/W2295829283", "https://openalex.org/W3045976819"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0], "handbook": [1], "takes": [2], "on": [3, 111], "the": [4, 8, 14, 21, 56, 76, 89, 132, 139, 150, 154, 158], "task": [5], "of": [6, 10, 23, 31, 40, 44, 64, 106, 115, 123, 134, 141, 153], "examining": [7], "history": [9], "music": [11, 107], "listening": [12, 45, 66, 108, 135], "over": [13], "past": [15], "two": [16], "hundred": [17], "years.": [18], "It": [19], "uses": [20], "\u201cart": [22], "listening\u201d": [24], "as": [25, 157], "a": [26, 37, 61, 82, 112, 121], "leitmotif": [27], "encompassing": [28], "an": [29], "entanglement": [30], "interdependent": [32], "practices": [33, 105], "and": [34, 50, 53, 103, 117, 119, 130], "discourses": [35], "about": [36], "learnable": [38], "mode": [39], "perception.": [41], "The": [42], "art": [43, 72], "first": [46], "emerged": [47], "around": [48], "1800": [49], "was": [51], "adopted": [52], "adapted": [54], "across": [55], "public": [57], "realm": [58], "to": [59, 70, 75, 99, 128, 137], "suit": [60], "wide": [62], "range": [63, 122], "collective": [65], "situations": [67], "from": [68, 94], "popular": [69], "serious": [71], "forms": [73], "up": [74], "present": [77], "day.": [78], "Because": [79], "this": [80], "is": [81], "relatively": [83], "new": [84], "subject": [85], "in": [86, 97, 143, 161], "historical": [87, 124], "research,": [88], "volume": [90], "combines": [91], "case": [92], "studies": [93], "several": [95], "disciplines": [96], "order": [98], "investigate": [100], "whether,": [101], "how,": [102], "why": [104], "changed.": [109], "Focusing": [110], "diverse": [113], "set": [114], "locations": [116], "actors": [118], "using": [120], "sources,": [125], "it": [126, 148], "attempts": [127], "historicize": [129], "reconstruct": [131], "evolution": [133], "styles": [136], "show": [138], "wealth": [140], "variants": [142], "listening.": [144], "In": [145], "doing": [146], "so,": [147], "challenges": [149], "inherited": [151], "image": [152], "silent": [155], "listener": [156], "dominant": [159], "force": [160], "musical": [162], "cultures.": [163]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 28}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 83}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 33}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2}], "updated_date": "2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518", "created_date": "2019-01-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2493139142", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/0195150899.001.0001", "title": "Democracies in Flux", "display_name": "Democracies in Flux", "relevance_score": 230.99736, "publication_year": 2002, "publication_date": "2002-08-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2493139142", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/0195150899.001.0001", "mag": "2493139142"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/0195150899.001.0001", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/0195150899.001.0001", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "edited-book"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 117.354, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 936, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11410", "display_name": "Cultural Industries and Urban Development", "score": 0.25279998779296875, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3322", "display_name": "Urban Studies"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11410", "display_name": "Cultural Industries and Urban Development", "score": 0.25279998779296875, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3322", "display_name": "Urban Studies"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/verdict", "display_name": "Verdict", "score": 0.7174099683761597}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity", "display_name": "Diversity (politics)", "score": 0.6143237352371216}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/period", "display_name": "Period (music)", "score": 0.5372092723846436}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-history", "display_name": "Economic history", "score": 0.5259494781494141}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.50322026014328}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/capital", "display_name": "Capital (architecture)", "score": 0.4517469108104706}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-capital", "display_name": "Social capital", "score": 0.448851615190506}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/world-war-ii", "display_name": "World War II", "score": 0.41392242908477783}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.3470892012119293}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/economy", "display_name": "Economy", "score": 0.33982932567596436}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/law", "display_name": "Law", "score": 0.2065909206867218}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-history", "display_name": "Ancient history", "score": 0.16575142741203308}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/economics", "display_name": "Economics", "score": 0.16315382719039917}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art", "display_name": "Art", "score": 0.11318323016166687}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics", "display_name": "Aesthetics", "score": 0.06310713291168213}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776213154", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13370881", "display_name": "Verdict", "level": 2, "score": 0.7174099683761597}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781316041", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584", "display_name": "Diversity (politics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6143237352371216}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781291010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580", "display_name": "Period (music)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5372092723846436}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398", "display_name": "Economic history", "level": 1, "score": 0.5259494781494141}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.50322026014328}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C83646750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893", "display_name": "Capital (architecture)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4517469108104706}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C68062652", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214693", "display_name": "Social capital", "level": 2, "score": 0.448851615190506}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C137355542", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362", "display_name": "World War II", "level": 2, "score": 0.41392242908477783}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.3470892012119293}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136264566", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810", "display_name": "Economy", "level": 1, "score": 0.33982932567596436}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.2065909206867218}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C195244886", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493", "display_name": "Ancient history", "level": 1, "score": 0.16575142741203308}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.16315382719039917}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.11318323016166687}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986", "display_name": "Aesthetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.06310713291168213}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/0195150899.001.0001", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/0195150899.001.0001", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "edited-book"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Reduced inequalities", "score": 0.7099999785423279, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2579643896", "https://openalex.org/W2581822552", "https://openalex.org/W4245035398", "https://openalex.org/W1978951612", "https://openalex.org/W3017310074", "https://openalex.org/W3080312358", "https://openalex.org/W1606764606", "https://openalex.org/W4243587398", "https://openalex.org/W2783164596", "https://openalex.org/W913241198"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Abstract": [0], "This": [1], "book": [2], "examines": [3], "the": [4, 22, 33, 36, 43, 46, 50], "changes": [5], "in": [6, 9], "social": [7], "capital": [8], "eight": [10], "advanced": [11], "democracies:": [12], "Australia,": [13], "France,": [14], "Germany,": [15], "Great": [16], "Britain,": [17], "Japan,": [18], "Spain,": [19], "Sweden,": [20], "and": [21, 29, 63], "United": [23], "States.": [24], "It": [25], "considers": [26], "both": [27], "qualitative": [28], "quantitative": [30], "evidence": [31], "covering": [32], "period": [34], "from": [35, 65], "end": [37, 44], "of": [38, 45, 52, 61, 68], "World": [39], "War": [40], "II": [41], "to": [42], "20th": [47], "century.": [48], "Despite": [49], "lack": [51], "a": [53, 59, 66], "single": [54], "verdict,": [55], "this": [56], "volume": [57], "offers": [58], "diversity": [60], "perspectives": [62], "insights": [64], "collection": [67], "creative": [69], "scholars.": [70]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 23}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 32}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 24}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 22}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 25}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 41}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 24}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 36}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 25}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 31}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 29}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 40}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 47}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 46}], "updated_date": "2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1535265524", "doi": null, "title": "Shaping Written Knowledge: The Genre and Activity of the Experimental Article in Science", "display_name": "Shaping Written Knowledge: The Genre and Activity of the Experimental Article in Science", "relevance_score": 230.2565, "publication_year": 1988, "publication_date": "1988-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1535265524", "mag": "1535265524"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-001575141", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=001575141&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068186633", "display_name": "Charles Bazerman", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6849-4367"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Charles Bazerman", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6849-4367", "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5068186633"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 102.1679, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 1498, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99895055, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 97, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10366", "display_name": "Discourse Analysis in Language Studies", "score": 0.7347999811172485, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1208", "display_name": "Literature and Literary Theory"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10366", "display_name": "Discourse Analysis in Language Studies", "score": 0.7347999811172485, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1208", "display_name": "Literature and Literary Theory"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11148", "display_name": "Language, Metaphor, and Cognition", "score": 0.6581000089645386, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3205", "display_name": "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11982", "display_name": "Rhetoric and Communication Studies", "score": 0.6474999785423279, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1211", "display_name": "Philosophy"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/argumentative", "display_name": "Argumentative", "score": 0.8050820231437683}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/rhetoric", "display_name": "Rhetoric", "score": 0.8038678765296936}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/rhetorical-question", "display_name": "Rhetorical question", "score": 0.798337459564209}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-writing", "display_name": "Scientific writing", "score": 0.6645220518112183}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.5710495710372925}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology-of-scientific-knowledge", "display_name": "Sociology of scientific knowledge", "score": 0.5483858585357666}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/relation", "display_name": "Relation (database)", "score": 0.5262683629989624}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.48643946647644043}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/natural", "display_name": "Natural (archaeology)", "score": 0.4381812810897827}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/persuasion", "display_name": "Persuasion", "score": 0.43296411633491516}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science", "display_name": "Social science", "score": 0.3142114281654358}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.2926977276802063}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/literature", "display_name": "Literature", "score": 0.23342743515968323}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics", "display_name": "Linguistics", "score": 0.19387087225914001}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology", "display_name": "Social psychology", "score": 0.18304508924484253}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.16721627116203308}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.1463768184185028}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/history", "display_name": "History", "score": 0.14365530014038086}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art", "display_name": "Art", "score": 0.12839818000793457}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781306805", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4789761", "display_name": "Argumentative", "level": 2, "score": 0.8050820231437683}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C1370556", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81009", "display_name": "Rhetoric", "level": 2, "score": 0.8038678765296936}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562157", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316694", "display_name": "Rhetorical question", "level": 2, "score": 0.798337459564209}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778949450", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1965486", "display_name": "Scientific writing", "level": 2, "score": 0.6645220518112183}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5710495710372925}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C195732255", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q981008", "display_name": "Sociology of scientific knowledge", "level": 2, "score": 0.5483858585357666}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C25343380", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521", "display_name": "Relation (database)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5262683629989624}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.48643946647644043}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776608160", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462", "display_name": "Natural (archaeology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4381812810897827}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781310500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231428", "display_name": "Persuasion", "level": 2, "score": 0.43296411633491516}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749", "display_name": "Social science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3142114281654358}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.2926977276802063}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242", "display_name": "Literature", "level": 1, "score": 0.23342743515968323}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162", "display_name": "Linguistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.19387087225914001}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.18304508924484253}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.16721627116203308}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.1463768184185028}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309", "display_name": "History", "level": 0, "score": 0.14365530014038086}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.12839818000793457}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513", "display_name": "Database", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498", "display_name": "Archaeology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-001575141", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=001575141&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "mag:1535265524", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA06652992", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210197683", "display_name": "Medical Entomology and Zoology", "issn_l": "0424-7086", "issn": ["0424-7086", "2185-5609"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319750", "host_organization_name": "Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319750"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"display_name": "Quality Education", "score": 0.7900000214576721, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2753533763", "https://openalex.org/W254494542", "https://openalex.org/W2124546490", "https://openalex.org/W2116199508", "https://openalex.org/W2066183922", "https://openalex.org/W2062172061", "https://openalex.org/W2052600223", "https://openalex.org/W2049267503", "https://openalex.org/W2042349004", "https://openalex.org/W2037193028", "https://openalex.org/W2033689139", "https://openalex.org/W2019413183", "https://openalex.org/W2014314686", "https://openalex.org/W1996250712", "https://openalex.org/W1981242024", "https://openalex.org/W1728157049", "https://openalex.org/W1571009574", "https://openalex.org/W1551882958", "https://openalex.org/W1523361320", "https://openalex.org/W1490781083"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 74, 125, 166, 271], "forms": [1, 25, 62, 119, 171, 363], "taken": [2], "by": [3, 35, 72, 151, 376], "scientific": [4, 27, 64, 85, 93, 130, 173, 182, 253], "writing": [5, 28, 65, 174, 269], "help": [6], "to": [7, 31, 68, 122, 137, 154, 242, 256, 266, 335, 355], "determine": [8], "the": [9, 23, 45, 60, 109, 114, 128, 138, 144, 152, 158, 169, 178, 181, 185, 202, 207, 213, 220, 223, 233, 238, 245, 250, 275, 285, 301, 315, 336, 349, 352, 356, 379, 382, 385, 396], "very": [10], "nature": [11], "of": [12, 26, 63, 76, 84, 92, 108, 113, 127, 143, 160, 168, 172, 180, 187, 201, 212, 222, 228, 247, 252, 260, 278, 287, 300, 319, 325, 339, 351, 381, 389, 398], "science": [13, 77], "itself.": [14], "In": [15], "this": [16], "closely": [17], "reasoned": [18], "study,": [19], "Charles": [20], "Bazerman": [21, 58, 79, 132, 196, 282, 309, 346], "views": [22, 59, 117], "changing": [24, 61, 329, 362], "as": [29, 44, 53, 55, 66, 342], "solutions": [30, 67], "rhetorical": [32, 69, 141], "problems": [33, 70], "faced": [34, 71], "scientists": [36], "arguing": [37], "for": [38, 387, 395], "their": [39], "findings.": [40], "Examining": [41], "such": [42], "works": [43], "early": [46, 296, 302], "Philosophical": [47, 303], "Transactions": [48, 304], "and": [49, 98, 111, 116, 140, 146, 157, 184, 209, 244, 262, 290, 292, 305, 364, 371, 391, 394], "Newton's": [50, 306], "optical": [51, 307], "writings": [52], "well": [54], "Physical": [56, 326], "Review,": [57], "scientists.": [73], "rhetoric": [75, 248], "is,": [78], "demonstrates,": [80], "an": [81], "embedded": [82], "part": [83], "activity": [86, 254, 294, 313], "that": [87, 162, 198], "interacts": [88], "with": [89, 177], "other": [90], "parts": [91], "activity,": [94], "including": [95], "social": [96, 139, 210, 291, 357], "structure": [97, 193], "empirical": [99, 123, 293], "experience.": [100, 124], "This": [101], "book": [102, 386], "presents": [103], "a": [104, 135, 343], "comprehensive": [105], "historical": [106], "account": [107], "rise": [110], "development": [112, 186], "genre,": [115], "these": [118], "in": [120, 205, 295, 333, 359, 384], "relation": [121, 334], "emergence": [126, 167, 179], "experimental": [129, 188, 203, 234, 353, 369], "article,": [131, 204], "argues,": [133], "is": [134], "response": [136], "situation": [142], "17th": [145], "18th-century": [147], "natural": [148], "philosophy": [149], "activated": [150], "need": [153], "communicate": [155], "findings": [156], "exigencies": [159], "conflict": [161], "arise": [163], "from": [164], "communication.": [165], "argumentative": [170], "are": [175], "coincident": [176], "community": [183], "procedures.": [189], "All": [190], "three": [191], "interactively": [192], "each": [194], "other.": [195], "shows": [197], "later": [199], "developments": [200], "both": [206, 361], "physical": [208, 340], "sciences": [211, 358], "20th": [214, 320], "century,": [215], "have": [216, 231], "been": [217], "shaped": [218, 232], "within": [219, 314], "contexts": [221], "various": [224], "disciplines.": [225], "An": [226], "understanding": [227], "what": [229, 236], "forces": [230], "report,": [235], "functions": [237], "features": [239], "were": [240], "designed": [241], "serve,": [243], "impact": [246], "on": [249], "rest": [251], "helps": [255], "evaluate": [257], "all": [258], "statements": [259], "knowledge": [261], "increases": [263], "our": [264], "ability": [265], "make": [267], "intelligent": [268], "choices.": [270], "introductory": [272], "chapters": [273], "explore": [274], "complex": [276], "dynamics": [277], "situated": [279], "knowledge-bearing": [280], "texts.": [281], "then": [283, 347], "explores": [284], "interactions": [286], "textual": [288, 330], "form": [289], "science,": [297], "through": [298], "examinations": [299], "writings.": [308], "also": [310], "examines": [311, 328, 348], "literate": [312], "elaborated": [316], "social/intellectual/empirical/literary": [317], "structures": [318], "century": [321], "physics.": [322], "His": [323], "study": [324], "Review": [327], "form,": [331], "particularly": [332], "increasing": [337], "importance": [338], "theory": [341], "text-structuring": [344], "element.": [345], "migration": [350], "report": [354], "considering": [360, 377], "epistemological": [365], "implications,": [366], "looking": [367], "at": [368], "psychology": [370], "political": [372], "science.": [373], "He": [374], "closes": [375], "directly": [378], "implications": [380], "studies": [383], "theories": [388], "language": [390, 392], "use": [393], "practice": [397], "writing.": [399]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 19}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 23}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 27}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 36}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 37}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 41}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 46}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 59}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 65}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 93}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 70}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 54}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 61}], "updated_date": "2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}], "group_by": []}