{"meta": {"count": 304909962, "db_response_time_ms": 198, "page": 1, "per_page": 200, "groups_count": null, "cost_usd": 0.0001}, "results": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/W3038568908", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.15.2402039", "title": "Radiation Resistant Camera System for Monitoring Deuterium Plasma Discharges in the Large Helical Device", "display_name": "Radiation Resistant Camera System for Monitoring Deuterium Plasma Discharges in the Large Helical Device", "publication_year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-06-08", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3038568908", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.15.2402039", "mag": "3038568908"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1585/pfr.15.2402039", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.15.2402039", "pdf_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pfr/15/0/15_2402039/_pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S46033839", "display_name": "Plasma and Fusion Research", "issn_l": "1880-6821", "issn": ["1880-6821"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4328135220", "host_organization_name": "Japan Society of Plasma Science and Nuclear Fusion Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4328135220"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Japan Society of Plasma Science and Nuclear Fusion Research"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Plasma and Fusion Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "diamond", "oa_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pfr/15/0/15_2402039/_pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5039600762", "display_name": "M. Shoji", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-7347"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I199525922", "display_name": "National Institutes of Natural Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/055n47h92", "country_code": "JP", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1319490839", "https://openalex.org/I199525922"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210108322", "display_name": "National Institute for Fusion Science", "ror": "https://ror.org/01t3wyv61", "country_code": "JP", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1319490839", "https://openalex.org/I199525922", "https://openalex.org/I4210108322"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Mamoru SHOJI", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210108322", "https://openalex.org/I199525922"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "LHD Experiment Group", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I199525922", "display_name": "National Institutes of Natural Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/055n47h92", "country_code": "JP", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1319490839", "https://openalex.org/I199525922"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210108322", "display_name": "National Institute for Fusion Science", "ror": "https://ror.org/01t3wyv61", "country_code": "JP", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1319490839", "https://openalex.org/I199525922", "https://openalex.org/I4210108322"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "LHD Experiment Group", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210108322", "https://openalex.org/I199525922"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5039600762"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I199525922", "https://openalex.org/I4210108322"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1.1061, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 801217, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.86287005, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": false}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "15", "issue": "0", "first_page": "2402039", "last_page": "2402039"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10346", "display_name": "Magnetic confinement fusion research", "score": 0.9991000294685364, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3106", "display_name": "Nuclear and High Energy Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10346", "display_name": "Magnetic confinement fusion research", "score": 0.9991000294685364, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3106", "display_name": "Nuclear and High Energy Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11949", "display_name": "Nuclear Physics and Applications", "score": 0.9987999796867371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3108", "display_name": "Radiation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10592", "display_name": "Fusion materials and technologies", "score": 0.998199999332428, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation", "display_name": "Radiation", "score": 0.7057818174362183}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma", "display_name": "Plasma", "score": 0.5598242878913879}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.5517664551734924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.5239154100418091}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/shield", "display_name": "Shield", "score": 0.5098416209220886}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neutron", "display_name": "Neutron", "score": 0.4559711515903473}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering", "display_name": "Nuclear engineering", "score": 0.3836207985877991}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.32291728258132935}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics", "display_name": "Nuclear physics", "score": 0.13794386386871338}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geology", "display_name": "Geology", "score": 0.05549171566963196}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C153385146", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335", "display_name": "Radiation", "level": 2, "score": 0.7057818174362183}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C82706917", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251", "display_name": "Plasma", "level": 2, "score": 0.5598242878913879}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5517664551734924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.5239154100418091}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138081364", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852013", "display_name": "Shield", "level": 2, "score": 0.5098416209220886}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C152568617", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2348", "display_name": "Neutron", "level": 2, "score": 0.4559711515903473}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C116915560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504", "display_name": "Nuclear engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.3836207985877991}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.32291728258132935}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185544564", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197", "display_name": "Nuclear physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.13794386386871338}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069", "display_name": "Geology", "level": 0, "score": 0.05549171566963196}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C5900021", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163082", "display_name": "Petrology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1585/pfr.15.2402039", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.15.2402039", "pdf_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pfr/15/0/15_2402039/_pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S46033839", "display_name": "Plasma and Fusion Research", "issn_l": "1880-6821", "issn": ["1880-6821"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4328135220", "host_organization_name": "Japan Society of Plasma Science and Nuclear Fusion Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4328135220"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Japan Society of Plasma Science and Nuclear Fusion Research"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Plasma and Fusion Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:01130:0005371079", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://nifs-repository.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/11278", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407056385", "display_name": "Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I184597095", "host_organization_name": "National Institute of Informatics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I184597095"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Plasma and Fusion Research", "raw_type": "journal article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:nifs-repository.repo.nii.ac.jp:00011278", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401138", "display_name": "National Institute for Fusion Science Repository (National Institute for Fusion Science)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4210108322", "host_organization_name": "National Institute for Fusion Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210108322"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "VoR"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1585/pfr.15.2402039", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.15.2402039", "pdf_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pfr/15/0/15_2402039/_pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S46033839", "display_name": "Plasma and Fusion Research", "issn_l": "1880-6821", "issn": ["1880-6821"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4328135220", "host_organization_name": "Japan Society of Plasma Science and Nuclear Fusion Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4328135220"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Japan Society of Plasma Science and Nuclear Fusion Research"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Plasma and Fusion Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7", "display_name": "Affordable and clean energy", "score": 0.8799999952316284}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3038568908.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3038568908.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 8, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2069091362", "https://openalex.org/W2151240562", "https://openalex.org/W2527753843", "https://openalex.org/W2590699823", "https://openalex.org/W2783171299", "https://openalex.org/W2806477398", "https://openalex.org/W2922014310", "https://openalex.org/W2945236265"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2606430476", "https://openalex.org/W2069389872", "https://openalex.org/W2024680443", "https://openalex.org/W1992734408", "https://openalex.org/W2909752308", "https://openalex.org/W2074503354", "https://openalex.org/W2353473218", "https://openalex.org/W2060642378", "https://openalex.org/W2094345694", "https://openalex.org/W2889162861"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Radiation": [0], "resistant": [1, 196], "camera": [2], "system": [3, 18], "was": [4, 98], "constructed": [5], "for": [6], "monitoring": [7], "deuterium": [8], "plasma": [9, 44], "discharges": [10], "in": [11, 42, 52, 69, 83, 118], "the": [12, 43, 47, 62, 88, 91, 94, 105, 108, 112, 115, 119, 124, 129, 132, 139, 142, 145, 151, 159, 163, 174, 178, 187, 191, 194], "Large": [13], "Helical": [14], "Device": [15], "(LHD).": [16], "This": [17, 181], "has": [19, 134], "contributed": [20], "to": [21, 32, 123, 162, 186], "safe": [22], "operation": [23], "during": [24], "two": [25], "experimental": [26], "campaigns": [27], "without": [28], "serious": [29], "problems": [30], "due": [31], "radiation": [33, 95, 109, 143, 160, 195], "(neutrons": [34], "and": [35, 111], "gamma-rays).": [36], "The": [37, 64], "cameras": [38, 65, 133], "steadily": [39], "functioned": [40], "even": [41], "discharge": [45], "with": [46, 78, 158], "maximum": [48], "neutron": [49], "emission": [50], "rate": [51], "FY": [53], "2017,": [54], "though": [55], "some": [56, 169], "bright": [57, 154, 170], "specks": [58, 155, 171], "temporarily": [59], "appeared": [60], "on": [61, 144, 177], "images.": [63], "have": [66], "been": [67, 135], "installed": [68], "shield": [70, 92, 120], "boxes": [71, 76], "which": [72, 103, 165], "consist": [73], "of": [74, 90, 107, 114, 128, 131, 138, 141, 153, 190, 193], "lead": [75], "covered": [77], "10%": [79], "borated": [80], "polyethylene": [81], "blocks": [82], "all": [84], "directions.": [85], "For": [86], "optimizing": [87], "design": [89], "box,": [93], "flux": [96, 110, 161], "distribution": [97], "calculated": [99], "by": [100, 173], "MCNP-6": [101], "code,": [102], "reveals": [104], "reduction": [106], "change": [113], "energy": [116], "spectra": [117], "box.": [121], "Thanks": [122], "optimization,": [125], "significant": [126], "extension": [127, 189], "lifetime": [130, 192], "realized.": [136], "Investigation": [137], "influence": [140], "CCD": [146], "image": [147, 179], "sensor": [148], "shows": [149], "that": [150, 168], "number": [152], "generally": [156], "increases": [157], "camera,": [164], "also": [166, 183], "indicates": [167], "disappear": [172], "self-annealing": [175], "process": [176], "sensor.": [180], "phenomenon": [182], "highly": [184], "contributes": [185], "further": [188], "cameras.": [197]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 801210}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1775749144", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6", "title": "PROTEIN MEASUREMENT WITH THE FOLIN PHENOL REAGENT", "display_name": "PROTEIN MEASUREMENT WITH THE FOLIN PHENOL REAGENT", "publication_year": 1951, "publication_date": "1951-11-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1775749144", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6", "mag": "1775749144", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14907713"}, "language": "zu", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6", "pdf_url": "https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(19)52451-6/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S140251998", "display_name": "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "issn_l": "0021-9258", "issn": ["0021-9258", "1067-8816", "1083-351X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(19)52451-6/pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110127684", "display_name": "OliverH. Lowry", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204465549", "display_name": "Washington University in St. Louis", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yc7t268", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "OliverH. Lowry", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["the Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School oj Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri", "Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "the Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School oj Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032482932", "display_name": "NiraJ. Rosebrough", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204465549", "display_name": "Washington University in St. Louis", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yc7t268", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "NiraJ. Rosebrough", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["the Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School oj Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri", "Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "the Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School oj Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5004071084", "display_name": "A. Farr", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204465549", "display_name": "Washington University in St. Louis", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yc7t268", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "A. Lewis Farr", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["the Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School oj Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri", "Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "the Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School oj Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109894513", "display_name": "RoseJ. Randall", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204465549", "display_name": "Washington University in St. Louis", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yc7t268", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "RoseJ. Randall", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["the Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School oj Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri", "Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "the Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School oj Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5110127684"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"], "apc_list": {"value": 2500, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 2500}, "apc_paid": {"value": 2500, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 2500}, "fwci": 48.5223, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 317716, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99968578, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "193", "issue": "1", "first_page": "265", "last_page": "275"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10602", "display_name": "Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research", "score": 0.9678000211715698, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10602", "display_name": "Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research", "score": 0.9678000211715698, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11399", "display_name": "Muscle metabolism and nutrition", "score": 0.9509999752044678, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1307", "display_name": "Cell Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14135", "display_name": "Cancer and biochemical research", "score": 0.9502000212669373, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/reagent", "display_name": "Reagent", "score": 0.974293053150177}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.8413830995559692}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phenol", "display_name": "Phenol", "score": 0.5679616332054138}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography", "display_name": "Chromatography", "score": 0.5565454959869385}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "score": 0.27057263255119324}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C40875361", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356542", "display_name": "Reagent", "level": 2, "score": 0.974293053150177}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.8413830995559692}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777702071", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130336", "display_name": "Phenol", "level": 2, "score": 0.5679616332054138}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050", "display_name": "Chromatography", "level": 1, "score": 0.5565454959869385}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.27057263255119324}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D008982", "descriptor_name": "Molybdenum", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008982", "descriptor_name": "Molybdenum", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008982", "descriptor_name": "Molybdenum", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010636", "descriptor_name": "Phenols", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010636", "descriptor_name": "Phenols", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010636", "descriptor_name": "Phenols", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010936", "descriptor_name": "Plant Extracts", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010936", "descriptor_name": "Plant Extracts", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010936", "descriptor_name": "Plant Extracts", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017973", "descriptor_name": "Tungsten Compounds", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017973", "descriptor_name": "Tungsten Compounds", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017973", "descriptor_name": "Tungsten Compounds", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6", "pdf_url": "https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(19)52451-6/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S140251998", "display_name": "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "issn_l": "0021-9258", "issn": ["0021-9258", "1067-8816", "1083-351X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:14907713", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14907713", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of biological chemistry", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6", "pdf_url": "https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(19)52451-6/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S140251998", "display_name": "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "issn_l": "0021-9258", "issn": ["0021-9258", "1067-8816", "1083-351X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6", "display_name": "Clean water and sanitation", "score": 0.6499999761581421}], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306095", "display_name": "American Cancer Society", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e463172"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1775749144.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1775749144.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 20, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W8863503", "https://openalex.org/W59369663", "https://openalex.org/W89669270", "https://openalex.org/W97662572", "https://openalex.org/W195762992", "https://openalex.org/W951165088", "https://openalex.org/W1507976594", "https://openalex.org/W1515052776", "https://openalex.org/W1535643256", "https://openalex.org/W1540384225", "https://openalex.org/W1557790601", "https://openalex.org/W1573055659", "https://openalex.org/W1576013682", "https://openalex.org/W1979011732", "https://openalex.org/W1979607356", "https://openalex.org/W2051330591", "https://openalex.org/W2149417143", "https://openalex.org/W2298123771", "https://openalex.org/W2412728352", "https://openalex.org/W2415297835"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4387497383", "https://openalex.org/W2948807893", "https://openalex.org/W2778153218", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W1531601525", "https://openalex.org/W2078814861", "https://openalex.org/W2527526854", "https://openalex.org/W2062208111", "https://openalex.org/W1976181487", "https://openalex.org/W170893625"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Since": [0], "1922": [1], "when": [2], "Wu": [3], "proposed": [4], "the": [5, 8, 13, 31], "use": [6], "of": [7, 15, 20, 33], "Folin": [9], "phenol": [10], "reagent": [11, 26], "for": [12, 30], "measurement": [14], "proteins": [16, 34], "(l),": [17], "a": [18], "number": [19], "modified": [21], "analytical": [22], "procedures": [23], "ut.ilizing": [24], "this": [25], "have": [27], "been": [28], "reported": [29], "determination": [32], "in": [35, 38, 43], "serum": [36], "(2-G),": [37], "antigen-antibody": [39], "precipitates": [40], "(7-9),": [41], "and": [42], "insulin": [44], "(10).": [45]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 630}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2666}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3038}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3309}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3533}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3708}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3757}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3521}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3488}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3620}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3817}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 4305}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 4693}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 4596}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 4643}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2100837269", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/227680a0", "title": "Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4", "display_name": "Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4", "publication_year": 1970, "publication_date": "1970-08-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2100837269", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/227680a0", "mag": "2100837269", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5432063"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/227680a0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/227680a0", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "display_name": "Nature", "issn_l": "0028-0836", "issn": ["0028-0836", "1476-4687"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5030122660", "display_name": "Ulrich K. Laemmli", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170203145", "display_name": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00tw3jy02", "country_code": "GB", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170203145", "https://openalex.org/I4210087105", "https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "U. K. LAEMMLI", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge", "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge,"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170203145"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170203145"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5030122660"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170203145"], "apc_list": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 275.3688, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 251279, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "227", "issue": "5259", "first_page": "680", "last_page": "685"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11048", "display_name": "Bacteriophages and microbial interactions", "score": 0.9980000257492065, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303", "display_name": "Ecology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11048", "display_name": "Bacteriophages and microbial interactions", "score": 0.9980000257492065, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303", "display_name": "Ecology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9837999939918518, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10044", "display_name": "Protein Structure and Dynamics", "score": 0.9836000204086304, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bacteriophage", "display_name": "Bacteriophage", "score": 0.846632719039917}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cleavage", "display_name": "Cleavage (geology)", "score": 0.7375386357307434}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gel-electrophoresis", "display_name": "Gel electrophoresis", "score": 0.48121264576911926}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.46676796674728394}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/head", "display_name": "Head (geology)", "score": 0.43610110878944397}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.4176764488220215}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.39367613196372986}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "score": 0.3236052989959717}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.3203319311141968}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli", "display_name": "Escherichia coli", "score": 0.13284960389137268}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776441376", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165028", "display_name": "Bacteriophage", "level": 4, "score": 0.846632719039917}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C175156509", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990218", "display_name": "Cleavage (geology)", "level": 3, "score": 0.7375386357307434}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C116084860", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48255", "display_name": "Gel electrophoresis", "level": 2, "score": 0.48121264576911926}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.46676796674728394}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780312720", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100", "display_name": "Head (geology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.43610110878944397}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.4176764488220215}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.39367613196372986}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.3236052989959717}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3203319311141968}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C547475151", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419", "display_name": "Escherichia coli", "level": 3, "score": 0.13284960389137268}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205", "display_name": "Paleontology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43369102", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625", "display_name": "Fracture (geology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D001345", "descriptor_name": "Autoradiography", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001345", "descriptor_name": "Autoradiography", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001345", "descriptor_name": "Autoradiography", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002247", "descriptor_name": "Carbon Isotopes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002247", "descriptor_name": "Carbon Isotopes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002247", "descriptor_name": "Carbon Isotopes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003090", "descriptor_name": "Coliphages", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003090", "descriptor_name": "Coliphages", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003090", "descriptor_name": "Coliphages", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004589", "descriptor_name": "Electrophoresis, Disc", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004589", "descriptor_name": "Electrophoresis, Disc", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004589", "descriptor_name": "Electrophoresis, Disc", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005796", "descriptor_name": "Genes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005796", "descriptor_name": "Genes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005796", "descriptor_name": "Genes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005827", "descriptor_name": "Genetics, Microbial", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005827", "descriptor_name": "Genetics, Microbial", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005827", "descriptor_name": "Genetics, Microbial", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007700", "descriptor_name": "Kinetics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007700", "descriptor_name": "Kinetics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007700", "descriptor_name": "Kinetics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014764", "descriptor_name": "Viral Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014764", "descriptor_name": "Viral Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014764", "descriptor_name": "Viral Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/227680a0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/227680a0", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "display_name": "Nature", "issn_l": "0028-0836", "issn": ["0028-0836", "1476-4687"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:5432063", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5432063", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:unige.ch:unige:167221", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:167221", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402259", "display_name": "Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I114457229", "host_organization_name": "University of Geneva", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114457229"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ISSN: 0028-0836", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 21, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1510011675", "https://openalex.org/W1561690684", "https://openalex.org/W1591624429", "https://openalex.org/W1625660792", "https://openalex.org/W1974447189", "https://openalex.org/W1981333007", "https://openalex.org/W1987077239", "https://openalex.org/W1999197280", "https://openalex.org/W2009651234", "https://openalex.org/W2016311541", "https://openalex.org/W2030138849", "https://openalex.org/W2032258362", "https://openalex.org/W2050132031", "https://openalex.org/W2051897666", "https://openalex.org/W2056070745", "https://openalex.org/W2058000726", "https://openalex.org/W2065627978", "https://openalex.org/W2088608143", "https://openalex.org/W2111301002", "https://openalex.org/W2330047747", "https://openalex.org/W2886607623"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1846827988", "https://openalex.org/W2081138942", "https://openalex.org/W2914091207", "https://openalex.org/W3097502728", "https://openalex.org/W2078051322", "https://openalex.org/W1999543360", "https://openalex.org/W2127903644", "https://openalex.org/W4292513206", "https://openalex.org/W2380469046", "https://openalex.org/W4220903595"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 370}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1701}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1993}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2139}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2453}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2699}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2994}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2783}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2927}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3218}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3366}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3696}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 4174}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 4397}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 4520}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2128635872", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1976.9999", "title": "A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Quantitation of Microgram Quantities of Protein Utilizing the Principle of Protein-Dye Binding", "display_name": "A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Quantitation of Microgram Quantities of Protein Utilizing the Principle of Protein-Dye Binding", "publication_year": 1976, "publication_date": "1976-05-07", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2128635872", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1976.9999", "mag": "2128635872", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/942051"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1006/abio.1976.9999", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1976.9999", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7858788", "display_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "issn_l": "0003-2697", "issn": ["0003-2697", "1096-0309"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5047160510", "display_name": "Mark A. Bradford", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2022-8331"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165733156", "display_name": "University of Georgia", "ror": "https://ror.org/00te3t702", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "M Bradford", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Reproduction Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Reproduction Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5047160510"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165733156"], "apc_list": {"value": 3320, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3320}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 240.7891, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 225314, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "72", "issue": "1-2", "first_page": "248", "last_page": "254"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10333", "display_name": "Meat and Animal Product Quality", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1103", "display_name": "Animal Science and Zoology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10333", "display_name": "Meat and Animal Product Quality", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1103", "display_name": "Animal Science and Zoology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11561", "display_name": "Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides", "score": 0.9923999905586243, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11663", "display_name": "Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects", "score": 0.9908999800682068, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.8466570973396301}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/coomassie-brilliant-blue", "display_name": "Coomassie Brilliant Blue", "score": 0.8333386182785034}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography", "display_name": "Chromatography", "score": 0.7219492197036743}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bradford-protein-assay", "display_name": "Bradford protein assay", "score": 0.6462738513946533}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium-dodecyl-sulfate", "display_name": "Sodium dodecyl sulfate", "score": 0.5595735311508179}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium", "display_name": "Sodium", "score": 0.4677101969718933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/absorption", "display_name": "Absorption (acoustics)", "score": 0.453016072511673}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "score": 0.12468421459197998}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.8466570973396301}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780761556", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418516", "display_name": "Coomassie Brilliant Blue", "level": 3, "score": 0.8333386182785034}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050", "display_name": "Chromatography", "level": 1, "score": 0.7219492197036743}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C160845552", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247562", "display_name": "Bradford protein assay", "level": 2, "score": 0.6462738513946533}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778913249", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422241", "display_name": "Sodium dodecyl sulfate", "level": 2, "score": 0.5595735311508179}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C537181965", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658", "display_name": "Sodium", "level": 2, "score": 0.4677101969718933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C125287762", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948", "display_name": "Absorption (acoustics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.453016072511673}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.12468421459197998}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C74864618", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2332446", "display_name": "Staining", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C24890656", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811", "display_name": "Acoustics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D001665", "descriptor_name": "Binding Sites", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001665", "descriptor_name": "Binding Sites", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001665", "descriptor_name": "Binding Sites", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001665", "descriptor_name": "Binding Sites", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003124", "descriptor_name": "Colorimetry", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003124", "descriptor_name": "Colorimetry", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003124", "descriptor_name": "Colorimetry", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003124", "descriptor_name": "Colorimetry", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008722", "descriptor_name": "Methods", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008722", "descriptor_name": "Methods", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008722", "descriptor_name": "Methods", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008722", "descriptor_name": "Methods", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008832", "descriptor_name": "Microchemistry", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008832", "descriptor_name": "Microchemistry", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008832", "descriptor_name": "Microchemistry", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008832", "descriptor_name": "Microchemistry", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011485", "descriptor_name": "Protein Binding", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011485", "descriptor_name": "Protein Binding", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011485", "descriptor_name": "Protein Binding", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011485", "descriptor_name": "Protein Binding", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012394", "descriptor_name": "Rosaniline Dyes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012394", "descriptor_name": "Rosaniline Dyes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012394", "descriptor_name": "Rosaniline Dyes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012394", "descriptor_name": "Rosaniline Dyes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1006/abio.1976.9999", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1976.9999", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7858788", "display_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "issn_l": "0003-2697", "issn": ["0003-2697", "1096-0309"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:942051", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/942051", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical biochemistry", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 19, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1506043065", "https://openalex.org/W1532876153", "https://openalex.org/W1568632913", "https://openalex.org/W1775749144", "https://openalex.org/W1970532755", "https://openalex.org/W1971446411", "https://openalex.org/W1988564483", "https://openalex.org/W2004370509", "https://openalex.org/W2018793304", "https://openalex.org/W2019287604", "https://openalex.org/W2026022089", "https://openalex.org/W2029966892", "https://openalex.org/W2070307502", "https://openalex.org/W2071356560", "https://openalex.org/W2082497364", "https://openalex.org/W2085241290", "https://openalex.org/W2090717707", "https://openalex.org/W2117306012", "https://openalex.org/W2334409113"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2051200081", "https://openalex.org/W1976806156", "https://openalex.org/W2067078717", "https://openalex.org/W2029411830", "https://openalex.org/W58943647", "https://openalex.org/W2887708093", "https://openalex.org/W1996746255", "https://openalex.org/W3014757079", "https://openalex.org/W2332681686", "https://openalex.org/W2035798093"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 60}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1194}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2428}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2601}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2888}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6522}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 7107}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 6803}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 6537}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 6465}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 6920}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 7202}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 7562}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 7441}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 7414}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2022-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2194775991", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2016.90", "title": "Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition", "display_name": "Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition", "publication_year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-06-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2194775991", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2016.90", "mag": "2194775991"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.90", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2016.90", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)", "raw_type": "proceedings-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81443", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100700361", "display_name": "Kaiming He", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7318-9658"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210164937", "display_name": "Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/05k87vq12", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1290206253", "https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Kaiming He", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Microsoft Research"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Microsoft Research", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100362465", "display_name": "Xiangyu Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2138-4608"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210164937", "display_name": "Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/05k87vq12", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1290206253", "https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiangyu Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Microsoft Research"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Microsoft Research", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100824251", "display_name": "Shaoqing Ren", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210164937", "display_name": "Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/05k87vq12", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1290206253", "https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Shaoqing Ren", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Microsoft Research"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Microsoft Research", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100785015", "display_name": "Jian Sun", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-4166"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210164937", "display_name": "Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/05k87vq12", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1290206253", "https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jian Sun", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Microsoft Research"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Microsoft Research", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5100700361"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 5586.9062, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 217467, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": "770", "last_page": "778"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11307", "display_name": "Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10627", "display_name": "Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/residual", "display_name": "Residual", "score": 0.9132882356643677}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.7827218770980835}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/coco", "display_name": "Coco", "score": 0.7302752137184143}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.7211458086967468}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection", "display_name": "Object detection", "score": 0.6077329516410828}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning", "display_name": "Deep learning", "score": 0.5728245377540588}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation", "display_name": "Segmentation", "score": 0.5636842846870422}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.5602190494537354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/set", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "score": 0.47906360030174255}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/layer", "display_name": "Layer (electronics)", "score": 0.47214725613594055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "score": 0.45602506399154663}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/task", "display_name": "Task (project management)", "score": 0.45123156905174255}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.4432760775089264}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-neural-network", "display_name": "Residual neural network", "score": 0.43125200271606445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks", "display_name": "Deep neural networks", "score": 0.41046202182769775}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.1113329827785492}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C155512373", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450", "display_name": "Residual", "level": 2, "score": 0.9132882356643677}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.7827218770980835}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C21780288", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139731", "display_name": "Coco", "level": 2, "score": 0.7302752137184143}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.7211458086967468}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776151529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304", "display_name": "Object detection", "level": 3, "score": 0.6077329516410828}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C108583219", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536", "display_name": "Deep learning", "level": 2, "score": 0.5728245377540588}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C89600930", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946", "display_name": "Segmentation", "level": 2, "score": 0.5636842846870422}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5602190494537354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "level": 2, "score": 0.47906360030174255}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779227376", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497", "display_name": "Layer (electronics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.47214725613594055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50644808", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.45602506399154663}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780451532", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676", "display_name": "Task (project management)", "level": 2, "score": 0.45123156905174255}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.4432760775089264}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2944601119", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43744058", "display_name": "Residual neural network", "level": 3, "score": 0.43125200271606445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2984842247", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536", "display_name": "Deep neural networks", "level": 3, "score": 0.41046202182769775}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.1113329827785492}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921", "display_name": "Management", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.90", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2016.90", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)", "raw_type": "proceedings-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/81443", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81443", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402641", "display_name": "LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4383465926", "host_organization_name": "LA Referencia", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "reponame:Repositorio UN", "raw_type": "Trabajo de grado - Maestr\u00eda"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/81443", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81443", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402641", "display_name": "LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4383465926", "host_organization_name": "LA Referencia", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "reponame:Repositorio UN", "raw_type": "Trabajo de grado - Maestr\u00eda"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 81, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W194249466", "https://openalex.org/W639708223", "https://openalex.org/W1530872699", "https://openalex.org/W1533861849", "https://openalex.org/W1536680647", "https://openalex.org/W1554663460", "https://openalex.org/W1665214252", "https://openalex.org/W1677182931", "https://openalex.org/W1686810756", "https://openalex.org/W1690739335", "https://openalex.org/W1799366690", "https://openalex.org/W1811843574", "https://openalex.org/W1836465849", "https://openalex.org/W1861492603", "https://openalex.org/W1903029394", "https://openalex.org/W1904365287", "https://openalex.org/W1932624639", "https://openalex.org/W1932847118", "https://openalex.org/W1976921161", "https://openalex.org/W1984309565", "https://openalex.org/W1997542937", "https://openalex.org/W2022532533", "https://openalex.org/W2025357764", "https://openalex.org/W2031489346", "https://openalex.org/W2064675550", "https://openalex.org/W2066941820", "https://openalex.org/W2097117768", "https://openalex.org/W2102605133", "https://openalex.org/W2107878631", "https://openalex.org/W2117539524", "https://openalex.org/W2117812871", "https://openalex.org/W2124509324", "https://openalex.org/W2125930537", "https://openalex.org/W2139398462", "https://openalex.org/W2147238549", "https://openalex.org/W2147800946", "https://openalex.org/W2152424459", "https://openalex.org/W2155893237", "https://openalex.org/W2159979951", "https://openalex.org/W2161388792", "https://openalex.org/W2163605009", "https://openalex.org/W2168894214", "https://openalex.org/W2179352600", "https://openalex.org/W2206858481", "https://openalex.org/W2328425223", "https://openalex.org/W2613718673", "https://openalex.org/W2914484425", "https://openalex.org/W2950094539", "https://openalex.org/W2950621961", "https://openalex.org/W2951603627", "https://openalex.org/W2952009708", "https://openalex.org/W2962835968", "https://openalex.org/W2963504252", "https://openalex.org/W2963542991", "https://openalex.org/W2964103341", "https://openalex.org/W2964118293", "https://openalex.org/W3037950864", "https://openalex.org/W3038058348", "https://openalex.org/W3118608800", "https://openalex.org/W4212915314", "https://openalex.org/W4231990273", "https://openalex.org/W4238404964", "https://openalex.org/W4242212377", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W4388297464", "https://openalex.org/W6620707391", "https://openalex.org/W6626481562", "https://openalex.org/W6629368666", "https://openalex.org/W6631943919", "https://openalex.org/W6637242042", "https://openalex.org/W6637373629", "https://openalex.org/W6637551013", "https://openalex.org/W6638667902", "https://openalex.org/W6639102338", "https://openalex.org/W6640036494", "https://openalex.org/W6676338569", "https://openalex.org/W6680555419", "https://openalex.org/W6682359208", "https://openalex.org/W6684191040", "https://openalex.org/W6688059459", "https://openalex.org/W6787972765"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4380075502", "https://openalex.org/W2790662084", "https://openalex.org/W4223943233", "https://openalex.org/W4312200629", "https://openalex.org/W4360585206", "https://openalex.org/W4364306694", "https://openalex.org/W2970686063", "https://openalex.org/W2915754718", "https://openalex.org/W2194775991", "https://openalex.org/W2563602643"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Deeper": [0], "neural": [1], "networks": [2, 19, 57], "are": [3, 21, 58, 170], "more": [4], "difficult": [5], "to": [6, 14, 39, 60, 83, 150, 175], "train.": [7], "We": [8, 28, 48, 124], "present": [9, 126], "a": [10, 79, 157], "residual": [11, 35, 56, 76, 102, 168], "learning": [12, 34, 45], "framework": [13], "ease": [15], "the": [16, 31, 40, 71, 108, 115, 119, 162, 185, 189], "training": [17], "of": [18, 44, 81, 100, 137, 140, 172, 191], "that": [20, 54], "substantially": [22], "deeper": [23, 88], "than": [24, 89], "those": [25], "used": [26], "previously.": [27], "explicitly": [29], "reformulate": [30], "layers": [32, 85], "as": [33], "functions": [36], "with": [37, 78, 130], "reference": [38], "layer": [41], "inputs,": [42], "instead": [43], "unreferenced": [46], "functions.": [47], "provide": [49], "comprehensive": [50], "empirical": [51], "evidence": [52], "showing": [53], "these": [55, 101], "easier": [59], "optimize,": [61], "and": [62, 132, 198], "can": [63], "gain": [64], "accuracy": [65], "from": [66], "considerably": [67], "increased": [68], "depth.": [69], "On": [70], "ImageNet": [72, 109, 192, 194], "dataset": [73], "we": [74, 155, 182], "evaluate": [75], "nets": [77, 91, 103, 169], "depth": [80, 136], "up": [82], "152": [84], "-": [86], "8\u00d7": [87], "VGG": [90], "[40]": [92], "but": [93], "still": [94], "having": [95], "lower": [96], "complexity.": [97], "An": [98], "ensemble": [99], "achieves": [104], "3.57%": [105], "error": [106], "on": [107, 118, 128, 161, 188], "test": [110], "set.": [111], "This": [112], "result": [113], "won": [114, 184], "1st": [116, 186], "place": [117], "ILSVRC": [120, 176], "2015": [121, 179], "classification": [122], "task.": [123], "also": [125, 183], "analysis": [127], "CIFAR-10": [129], "100": [131], "1000": [133], "layers.": [134], "The": [135], "representations": [138], "is": [139], "central": [141], "importance": [142], "for": [143], "many": [144], "visual": [145], "recognition": [146], "tasks.": [147], "Solely": [148], "due": [149], "our": [151, 173], "extremely": [152], "deep": [153], "representations,": [154], "obtain": [156], "28%": [158], "relative": [159], "improvement": [160], "COCO": [163, 178, 196, 199], "object": [164], "detection": [165], "dataset.": [166], "Deep": [167], "foundations": [171], "submissions": [174], "&": [177], "competitions1,": [180], "where": [181], "places": [187], "tasks": [190], "detection,": [193, 197], "localization,": [195], "segmentation.": [200]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 3853}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 28255}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 32244}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 32888}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 29393}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 32622}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 25085}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 18376}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 9809}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4007}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 872}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 19}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 15}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4293247451", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3", "title": "A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding", "display_name": "A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding", "publication_year": 1976, "publication_date": "1976-05-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4293247451", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7858788", "display_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "issn_l": "0003-2697", "issn": ["0003-2697", "1096-0309"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5021181975", "display_name": "Marion M. Bradford", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165733156", "display_name": "University of Georgia", "ror": "https://ror.org/00te3t702", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Marion M. Bradford", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Reproduction Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Reproduction Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5021181975"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165733156"], "apc_list": {"value": 3320, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3320}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 184.7916, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 209890, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99971583, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "72", "issue": "1-2", "first_page": "248", "last_page": "254"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10333", "display_name": "Meat and Animal Product Quality", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1103", "display_name": "Animal Science and Zoology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10333", "display_name": "Meat and Animal Product Quality", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1103", "display_name": "Animal Science and Zoology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10750", "display_name": "Fermentation and Sensory Analysis", "score": 0.9751999974250793, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1106", "display_name": "Food Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11399", "display_name": "Muscle metabolism and nutrition", "score": 0.9733999967575073, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1307", "display_name": "Cell Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.8462104797363281}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/coomassie-brilliant-blue", "display_name": "Coomassie Brilliant Blue", "score": 0.8358038067817688}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography", "display_name": "Chromatography", "score": 0.7369446754455566}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bradford-protein-assay", "display_name": "Bradford protein assay", "score": 0.6424295902252197}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium-dodecyl-sulfate", "display_name": "Sodium dodecyl sulfate", "score": 0.5716386437416077}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium", "display_name": "Sodium", "score": 0.47814714908599854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/absorption", "display_name": "Absorption (acoustics)", "score": 0.4441903829574585}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/colorimetry", "display_name": "Colorimetry", "score": 0.4123152494430542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microgram", "display_name": "Microgram", "score": 0.41066303849220276}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "score": 0.26399409770965576}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "score": 0.1287490725517273}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.8462104797363281}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780761556", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418516", "display_name": "Coomassie Brilliant Blue", "level": 3, "score": 0.8358038067817688}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050", "display_name": "Chromatography", "level": 1, "score": 0.7369446754455566}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C160845552", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247562", "display_name": "Bradford protein assay", "level": 2, "score": 0.6424295902252197}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778913249", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422241", "display_name": "Sodium dodecyl sulfate", "level": 2, "score": 0.5716386437416077}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C537181965", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658", "display_name": "Sodium", "level": 2, "score": 0.47814714908599854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C125287762", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948", "display_name": "Absorption (acoustics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4441903829574585}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C64299311", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374535", "display_name": "Colorimetry", "level": 2, "score": 0.4123152494430542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C51296783", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1645498", "display_name": "Microgram", "level": 3, "score": 0.41066303849220276}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.26399409770965576}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.1287490725517273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C202751555", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681", "display_name": "In vitro", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C24890656", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811", "display_name": "Acoustics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C74864618", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2332446", "display_name": "Staining", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7858788", "display_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "issn_l": "0003-2697", "issn": ["0003-2697", "1096-0309"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 19, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1506043065", "https://openalex.org/W1568632913", "https://openalex.org/W1775749144", "https://openalex.org/W1970532755", "https://openalex.org/W1971446411", "https://openalex.org/W1988564483", "https://openalex.org/W2004370509", "https://openalex.org/W2018793304", "https://openalex.org/W2019287604", "https://openalex.org/W2026022089", "https://openalex.org/W2029966892", "https://openalex.org/W2070307502", "https://openalex.org/W2071356560", "https://openalex.org/W2082497364", "https://openalex.org/W2085241290", "https://openalex.org/W2090717707", "https://openalex.org/W2117306012", "https://openalex.org/W2334409113", "https://openalex.org/W2906871482"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2051200081", "https://openalex.org/W1976806156", "https://openalex.org/W2067078717", "https://openalex.org/W2029411830", "https://openalex.org/W2014256566", "https://openalex.org/W58943647", "https://openalex.org/W2887708093", "https://openalex.org/W1996746255", "https://openalex.org/W3014757079", "https://openalex.org/W2332681686"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1321}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 5552}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5694}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6086}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6618}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 7206}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 7237}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 6877}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 6701}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 6434}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 6662}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 6522}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 6547}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 6374}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 6261}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2022-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1981368803", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.3865", "title": "Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple", "display_name": "Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple", "publication_year": 1996, "publication_date": "1996-10-28", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1981368803", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.3865", "mag": "1981368803", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10062328"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevlett.77.3865", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.3865", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S24807848", "display_name": "Physical Review Letters", "issn_l": "0031-9007", "issn": ["0031-9007", "1079-7114", "1092-0145"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review Letters", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "http://www.landingpage.org", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5014987686", "display_name": "John P. Perdew", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4237-824X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I114832834", "display_name": "Tulane University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04vmvtb21", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "John P. Perdew", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics and Quantum Theory Group, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics and Quantum Theory Group, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5082307304", "display_name": "Kieron Burke", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-0054"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I114832834", "display_name": "Tulane University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04vmvtb21", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kieron Burke", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics and Quantum Theory Group, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics and Quantum Theory Group, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5053648717", "display_name": "Matthias Ernzerhof", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5679-8902"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I114832834", "display_name": "Tulane University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04vmvtb21", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Matthias Ernzerhof", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics and Quantum Theory Group, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics and Quantum Theory Group, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5014987686"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114832834"], "apc_list": {"value": 3750, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3750}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 76.3798, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 206652, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99997325, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "77", "issue": "18", "first_page": "3865", "last_page": "3868"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11177", "display_name": "Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11965", "display_name": "Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics", "score": 0.9994000196456909, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/simple", "display_name": "Simple (philosophy)", "score": 0.8251444697380066}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling", "display_name": "Scaling", "score": 0.6654375195503235}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "score": 0.6102828979492188}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-scale", "display_name": "Linear scale", "score": 0.5540857315063477}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.4933842718601227}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-density", "display_name": "Spin density", "score": 0.48516517877578735}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/spin", "display_name": "Spin (aerodynamics)", "score": 0.43200957775115967}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/local-density-approximation", "display_name": "Local-density approximation", "score": 0.43061214685440063}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/kohn\u2013sham-equations", "display_name": "Kohn\u2013Sham equations", "score": 0.42569804191589355}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.3553590774536133}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-structure", "display_name": "Electronic structure", "score": 0.3102344274520874}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/density-functional-theory", "display_name": "Density functional theory", "score": 0.2976561188697815}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "score": 0.25657889246940613}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.20775574445724487}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "score": 0.16498050093650818}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry", "display_name": "Geometry", "score": 0.11068844795227051}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780586882", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643", "display_name": "Simple (philosophy)", "level": 2, "score": 0.8251444697380066}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C99844830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924", "display_name": "Scaling", "level": 2, "score": 0.6654375195503235}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121864883", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.6102828979492188}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C170122806", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1914828", "display_name": "Linear scale", "level": 2, "score": 0.5540857315063477}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.4933842718601227}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3018272316", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905186", "display_name": "Spin density", "level": 2, "score": 0.48516517877578735}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C42704618", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910917", "display_name": "Spin (aerodynamics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.43200957775115967}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C9249130", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898241", "display_name": "Local-density approximation", "level": 3, "score": 0.43061214685440063}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C9059619", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3272140", "display_name": "Kohn\u2013Sham equations", "level": 3, "score": 0.42569804191589355}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3553590774536133}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86025842", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358432", "display_name": "Electronic structure", "level": 2, "score": 0.3102344274520874}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C152365726", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048589", "display_name": "Density functional theory", "level": 2, "score": 0.2976561188697815}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.25657889246940613}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.20775574445724487}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C97355855", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "level": 1, "score": 0.16498050093650818}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.11068844795227051}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C13280743", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089", "display_name": "Geodesy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevlett.77.3865", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.3865", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S24807848", "display_name": "Physical Review Letters", "issn_l": "0031-9007", "issn": ["0031-9007", "1079-7114", "1092-0145"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review Letters", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:10062328", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10062328", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical review letters", "raw_type": null}, {"is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://www.landingpage.org", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4404662976", "display_name": "Nature's symphony", "issn_l": "3007-2026", "issn": ["3007-2026", "3007-2034"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": {"is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://www.landingpage.org", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4404662976", "display_name": "Nature's symphony", "issn_l": "3007-2026", "issn": ["3007-2026", "3007-2034"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7", "display_name": "Affordable and clean energy", "score": 0.9100000262260437}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 34, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1626509066", "https://openalex.org/W1970549136", "https://openalex.org/W1979040280", "https://openalex.org/W1983648185", "https://openalex.org/W1984849570", "https://openalex.org/W1987736292", "https://openalex.org/W1997176674", "https://openalex.org/W1997563366", "https://openalex.org/W1998015449", "https://openalex.org/W1998954599", "https://openalex.org/W1998959670", "https://openalex.org/W2000822641", "https://openalex.org/W2004333877", "https://openalex.org/W2010338931", "https://openalex.org/W2012664688", "https://openalex.org/W2017070764", "https://openalex.org/W2023664897", "https://openalex.org/W2039715700", "https://openalex.org/W2040891489", "https://openalex.org/W2041205942", "https://openalex.org/W2046379387", "https://openalex.org/W2049079467", "https://openalex.org/W2049852309", "https://openalex.org/W2061724428", "https://openalex.org/W2070470894", "https://openalex.org/W2071602054", "https://openalex.org/W2076751112", "https://openalex.org/W2086957099", "https://openalex.org/W2088370223", "https://openalex.org/W2230728100", "https://openalex.org/W2331727781", "https://openalex.org/W2951672535", "https://openalex.org/W3206606417", "https://openalex.org/W4388227728"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3110971345", "https://openalex.org/W2046701024", "https://openalex.org/W3183731174", "https://openalex.org/W2051648115", "https://openalex.org/W1966874709", "https://openalex.org/W2047899451", "https://openalex.org/W4319299196", "https://openalex.org/W3104851593", "https://openalex.org/W2060532266", "https://openalex.org/W2032719166"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Generalized": [0], "gradient": [1], "approximations": [2], "(GGA's)": [3], "for": [4], "the": [5, 10, 46, 50, 65, 69], "exchange-correlation": [6], "energy": [7], "improve": [8], "upon": [9], "local": [11], "spin": [12], "density": [13], "(LSD)": [14], "description": [15, 63], "of": [16, 26, 45, 64, 68], "atoms,": [17], "molecules,": [18], "and": [19, 78], "solids.": [20], "We": [21], "present": [22], "a": [23, 27, 79], "simple": [24, 28], "derivation": [25], "GGA,": [29], "in": [30, 37], "which": [31], "all": [32], "parameters": [33], "(other": [34], "than": [35], "those": [36], "LSD)": [38], "are": [39, 55], "fundamental": [40], "constants.": [41], "Only": [42], "general": [43], "features": [44], "detailed": [47], "construction": [48], "underlying": [49], "Perdew-Wang": [51], "1991": [52], "(PW91)": [53], "GGA": [54], "invoked.": [56], "Improvements": [57], "over": [58], "PW91": [59], "include": [60], "an": [61], "accurate": [62], "linear": [66], "response": [67], "uniform": [70, 76], "electron": [71], "gas,": [72], "correct": [73], "behavior": [74], "under": [75], "scaling,": [77], "smoother": [80], "potential.": [81]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 5487}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 21830}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 20529}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 18404}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 17521}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 16357}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 14749}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 12798}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 11224}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 10250}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 9138}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 7971}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 7021}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 6152}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 5256}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2107277218", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.2001.1262", "title": "Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT Method", "display_name": "Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT Method", "publication_year": 2001, "publication_date": "2001-12-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2107277218", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.2001.1262", "mag": "2107277218", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11846609"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1006/meth.2001.1262", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.2001.1262", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S73539393", "display_name": "Methods", "issn_l": "1046-2023", "issn": ["1046-2023", "1095-9130"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055590197", "display_name": "Kenneth J. Livak", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9105-5856"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Kenneth J. Livak", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California 94404, USA", "Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California 94404 USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California 94404, USA", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California 94404 USA", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5001854674", "display_name": "Thomas D. Schmittgen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2812-8546"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I72951846", "display_name": "Washington State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05dk0ce17", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Thomas D. Schmittgen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-6534", "Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164\u20106534"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-6534", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164\u20106534", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5055590197"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": {"value": 3390, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3390}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 67.8884, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 178865, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99988078, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "25", "issue": "4", "first_page": "402", "last_page": "408"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11970", "display_name": "Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11970", "display_name": "Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10604", "display_name": "RNA Research and Splicing", "score": 0.9629999995231628, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10885", "display_name": "Gene expression and cancer classification", "score": 0.9513999819755554, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-polymerase-chain-reaction", "display_name": "Real-time polymerase chain reaction", "score": 0.698244035243988}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-analysis", "display_name": "Quantitative analysis (chemistry)", "score": 0.5139793753623962}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/delta", "display_name": "Delta", "score": 0.5129515528678894}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.490553081035614}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sample", "display_name": "Sample (material)", "score": 0.4129834771156311}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.3952098488807678}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system", "display_name": "Biological system", "score": 0.355283260345459}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.3315560817718506}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-biology", "display_name": "Molecular biology", "score": 0.3302499055862427}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.328917920589447}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography", "display_name": "Chromatography", "score": 0.2281566560268402}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.22768846154212952}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.22186163067817688}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.17523902654647827}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C48023723", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856198", "display_name": "Real-time polymerase chain reaction", "level": 3, "score": 0.698244035243988}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95986675", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185168", "display_name": "Quantitative analysis (chemistry)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5139793753623962}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C5072461", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49506", "display_name": "Delta", "level": 2, "score": 0.5129515528678894}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.490553081035614}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C198531522", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146", "display_name": "Sample (material)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4129834771156311}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.3952098488807678}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C186060115", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093", "display_name": "Biological system", "level": 1, "score": 0.355283260345459}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3315560817718506}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153911025", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202", "display_name": "Molecular biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3302499055862427}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.328917920589447}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050", "display_name": "Chromatography", "level": 1, "score": 0.2281566560268402}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.22768846154212952}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.22186163067817688}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.17523902654647827}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C1276947", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333", "display_name": "Astronomy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001921", "descriptor_name": "Brain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001921", "descriptor_name": "Brain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001921", "descriptor_name": "Brain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002460", "descriptor_name": "Cell Line", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002460", "descriptor_name": "Cell Line", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002460", "descriptor_name": "Cell Line", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016133", "descriptor_name": "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016133", "descriptor_name": "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016133", "descriptor_name": "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018076", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Complementary", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018076", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Complementary", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018076", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Complementary", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020133", "descriptor_name": "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020133", "descriptor_name": "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020133", "descriptor_name": "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1006/meth.2001.1262", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.2001.1262", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S73539393", "display_name": "Methods", "issn_l": "1046-2023", "issn": ["1046-2023", "1095-9130"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:11846609", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11846609", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Methods (San Diego, Calif.)", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 12, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1566892773", "https://openalex.org/W1756433044", "https://openalex.org/W1983241347", "https://openalex.org/W2014588425", "https://openalex.org/W2069943574", "https://openalex.org/W2109970232", "https://openalex.org/W2123325948", "https://openalex.org/W2128088040", "https://openalex.org/W2134343377", "https://openalex.org/W2145879504", "https://openalex.org/W2164578725", "https://openalex.org/W4232459722"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4221046490", "https://openalex.org/W4297616267", "https://openalex.org/W2502651140", "https://openalex.org/W3195406774", "https://openalex.org/W4297615481", "https://openalex.org/W4297616317", "https://openalex.org/W3111070561", "https://openalex.org/W4239373651", "https://openalex.org/W2381983889", "https://openalex.org/W3149097030"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2989}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 13270}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 15523}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 14018}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 15441}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 15704}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 14055}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 12338}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 11471}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 10151}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 8547}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 7607}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 6896}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 6247}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 5334}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1979290264", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa", "title": "Using thematic analysis in psychology", "display_name": "Using thematic analysis in psychology", "publication_year": 2006, "publication_date": "2006-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1979290264", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa", "mag": "1979290264"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa", "pdf_url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S51001188", "display_name": "Qualitative Research in Psychology", "issn_l": "1478-0887", "issn": ["1478-0887", "1478-0895"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320547", "host_organization_name": "Taylor & Francis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Taylor & Francis"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Qualitative Research in Psychology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5054729605", "display_name": "Virginia Braun", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3435-091X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I154130895", "display_name": "University of Auckland", "ror": "https://ror.org/03b94tp07", "country_code": "NZ", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}], "countries": ["NZ"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Virginia Braun", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Auckland", "University of AUCKLAND"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Auckland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of AUCKLAND", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045921227", "display_name": "Victoria Clarke", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-7363"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I178535277", "display_name": "University of the West of England", "ror": "https://ror.org/02nwg5t34", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I178535277"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Victoria Clarke", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of the West of England"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of the West of England", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I178535277"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5054729605"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154130895"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 428.6555, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 175004, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "3", "issue": "2", "first_page": "77", "last_page": "101"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12196", "display_name": "Community Health and Development", "score": 0.996399998664856, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3600", "display_name": "General Health Professions"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/36", "display_name": "Health Professions"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12196", "display_name": "Community Health and Development", "score": 0.996399998664856, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3600", "display_name": "General Health Professions"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/36", "display_name": "Health Professions"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12010", "display_name": "Evaluation and Performance Assessment", "score": 0.9865000247955322, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13777", "display_name": "Cognitive and psychological constructs research", "score": 0.98089998960495, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis", "display_name": "Thematic analysis", "score": 0.9175432920455933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-map", "display_name": "Thematic map", "score": 0.7838783264160156}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-analysis", "display_name": "Qualitative analysis", "score": 0.6558132171630859}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research", "display_name": "Qualitative research", "score": 0.631189227104187}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/relation", "display_name": "Relation (database)", "score": 0.6303358674049377}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-structure", "display_name": "Thematic structure", "score": 0.5507548451423645}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.5237584114074707}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.5179232954978943}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.32428473234176636}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.20008650422096252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science", "display_name": "Social science", "score": 0.1732896864414215}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining", "display_name": "Data mining", "score": 0.06784480810165405}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.060082197189331055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography", "display_name": "Cartography", "score": 0.057032227516174316}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C74196892", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188", "display_name": "Thematic analysis", "level": 3, "score": 0.9175432920455933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C93692415", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502030", "display_name": "Thematic map", "level": 2, "score": 0.7838783264160156}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3018587665", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696", "display_name": "Qualitative analysis", "level": 3, "score": 0.6558132171630859}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C190248442", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486", "display_name": "Qualitative research", "level": 2, "score": 0.631189227104187}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C25343380", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521", "display_name": "Relation (database)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6303358674049377}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778109090", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781195", "display_name": "Thematic structure", "level": 2, "score": 0.5507548451423645}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.5237584114074707}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5179232954978943}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.32428473234176636}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.20008650422096252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749", "display_name": "Social science", "level": 1, "score": 0.1732896864414215}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.06784480810165405}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.060082197189331055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C58640448", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515", "display_name": "Cartography", "level": 1, "score": 0.057032227516174316}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa", "pdf_url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S51001188", "display_name": "Qualitative Research in Psychology", "issn_l": "1478-0887", "issn": ["1478-0887", "1478-0895"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320547", "host_organization_name": "Taylor & Francis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Taylor & Francis"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Qualitative Research in Psychology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04848132v1", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://hal.science/hal-04848132", "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-04848132/document", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4406922461", "display_name": "SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "IPOS 2023, Aug 2023, Milan, Italy. pp.77 - 101, &#x27E8;10.1191/1478088706qp063oa&#x27E9;", "raw_type": "Conference papers"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:repositorio.uptc.edu.co:001/18234", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6349169", "pdf_url": "https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/6349169.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407055399", "display_name": "Repositorio Institucional UPTC", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:americanae.aecid.es:3722130", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10125/42031", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400786", "display_name": "Americanae (AECID Library)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:researchspace.auckland.ac.nz:2292/14647", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2292/14647", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407055463", "display_name": "ResearchSpace (University of Auckland)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I154130895", "host_organization_name": "University of Auckland", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I154130895"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Journal Article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa", "pdf_url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S51001188", "display_name": "Qualitative Research in Psychology", "issn_l": "1478-0887", "issn": ["1478-0887", "1478-0895"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320547", "host_organization_name": "Taylor & Francis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Taylor & Francis"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Qualitative Research in Psychology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4", "display_name": "Quality Education", "score": 0.5299999713897705}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1979290264.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1979290264.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 85, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W63354357", "https://openalex.org/W112543455", "https://openalex.org/W313817253", "https://openalex.org/W562316309", "https://openalex.org/W566876742", "https://openalex.org/W608867269", "https://openalex.org/W626432139", "https://openalex.org/W643364029", "https://openalex.org/W649187066", "https://openalex.org/W1505468096", "https://openalex.org/W1513874694", "https://openalex.org/W1556808170", "https://openalex.org/W1557001362", "https://openalex.org/W1557459633", "https://openalex.org/W1562475572", "https://openalex.org/W1563955948", "https://openalex.org/W1566585837", "https://openalex.org/W1576460547", "https://openalex.org/W1580776188", "https://openalex.org/W1584498776", "https://openalex.org/W1655340480", "https://openalex.org/W1658908529", "https://openalex.org/W1785520540", "https://openalex.org/W1915092452", "https://openalex.org/W1936633569", "https://openalex.org/W1938990613", "https://openalex.org/W1951008065", "https://openalex.org/W1965024675", "https://openalex.org/W1975924558", "https://openalex.org/W1983513333", "https://openalex.org/W1987902104", "https://openalex.org/W1988142773", "https://openalex.org/W1993209814", "https://openalex.org/W2005715120", "https://openalex.org/W2009222294", "https://openalex.org/W2010381355", "https://openalex.org/W2015564674", "https://openalex.org/W2017217481", "https://openalex.org/W2024228567", "https://openalex.org/W2027813651", "https://openalex.org/W2028406607", "https://openalex.org/W2028834323", "https://openalex.org/W2031008034", "https://openalex.org/W2033188470", "https://openalex.org/W2037687914", "https://openalex.org/W2048752781", "https://openalex.org/W2063476230", "https://openalex.org/W2073846633", "https://openalex.org/W2083708617", "https://openalex.org/W2093790434", "https://openalex.org/W2099844274", "https://openalex.org/W2106161974", "https://openalex.org/W2106357576", "https://openalex.org/W2123828761", "https://openalex.org/W2133209806", "https://openalex.org/W2136741619", "https://openalex.org/W2138502971", "https://openalex.org/W2149997269", "https://openalex.org/W2170586945", "https://openalex.org/W2170816415", "https://openalex.org/W2292089056", "https://openalex.org/W2333291448", "https://openalex.org/W2390008750", "https://openalex.org/W2502071815", "https://openalex.org/W2503234244", "https://openalex.org/W2506528515", "https://openalex.org/W2740133093", "https://openalex.org/W2782878764", "https://openalex.org/W2909113352", "https://openalex.org/W3014310266", "https://openalex.org/W3147940169", "https://openalex.org/W4214539220", "https://openalex.org/W4231105677", "https://openalex.org/W4233813450", "https://openalex.org/W4248970100", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W4315817451", "https://openalex.org/W4379793982", "https://openalex.org/W4404664610", "https://openalex.org/W6633398628", "https://openalex.org/W6633896363", "https://openalex.org/W6640570669", "https://openalex.org/W6725204990", "https://openalex.org/W6759588817", "https://openalex.org/W7055452270"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3196787553", "https://openalex.org/W2359488764", "https://openalex.org/W2898552957", "https://openalex.org/W2046541833", "https://openalex.org/W1969939902", "https://openalex.org/W1994256903", "https://openalex.org/W3034807830", "https://openalex.org/W1982702875", "https://openalex.org/W3138393699", "https://openalex.org/W2796180820"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Increasingly,": [0], "adult": [1, 49], "Indigenous": [2, 24, 50, 181, 337, 558], "language": [3, 51, 113, 274, 314, 338, 356, 394, 409, 501, 516, 530, 547, 613], "learners": [4, 13], "are": [5], "being": [6], "identified": [7], "as": [8, 28], "the": [9, 21, 29, 54, 64, 106, 139, 178, 228, 240, 313, 372, 391, 553, 565, 591], "\u201cmissing": [10], "generation\u201d": [11], "of": [12, 23, 66, 77, 92, 110, 138, 180, 231, 257, 326, 336, 355, 393, 406, 425, 432, 480, 529, 546, 557, 564, 593, 611], "who": [14, 327], "hold": [15], "great": [16], "potential": [17], "to": [18, 20, 103, 125, 223, 235, 247, 266, 318, 370, 419], "contribute": [19], "revival": [22], "languages": [25], "by": [26, 303], "acting": [27], "middle": [30], "ground": [31], "between": [32, 212], "Elders,": [33], "children": [34], "and": [35, 86, 90, 108, 164, 203, 214, 237, 260, 291, 294, 396, 408, 416, 427, 440, 475, 485, 503, 550, 555, 579], "youth": [36, 504], "within": [37], "their": [38, 157, 162, 165, 207], "communities.": [39], "Our": [40, 99], "research": [41, 389], "project": [42], "NE\u023eOL\u1e48EW\u0331": [43], "\u2018one": [44], "mind,": [45], "one": [46], "people\u2019": [47], "investigated": [48], "learning": [52, 517], "through": [53, 272, 605], "popular": [55], "Mentor-Apprentice": [56], "Program": [57], "(MAP)": [58], "method": [59], "(Leanne": [60], "Hinton,": [61, 511], "2001).": [62], "Over": [63], "course": [65], "14": [67], "months,": [68], "our": [69, 377, 379], "team": [70], "conducted": [71], "133": [72], "interviews": [73, 140], "with": [74, 159, 590], "four": [75, 152], "groups": [76, 154], "participants": [78, 83, 123, 217], "involved": [79], "in": [80, 95, 129, 218, 282, 390, 410, 414, 454, 458, 532, 560, 588], "MAP.": [81], "The": [82, 210, 514, 526], "were": [84, 171], "current": [85], "past": [87], "apprentices,": [88], "mentors,": [89], "administrators": [91], "MAP": [93, 111, 130, 160, 245], "programs": [94], "British": [96], "Columbia,": [97], "Canada.": [98, 561], "primary": [100], "interest": [101], "was": [102, 311], "learn": [104, 236], "about": [105], "successes": [107], "challenges": [109], "for": [112, 430, 585], "learning,": [114, 548], "but": [115], "we": [116, 146, 285], "also": [117, 193, 381], "included": [118], "interview": [119], "questions": [120], "that": [121, 198, 280, 383], "gave": [122, 322], "space": [124], "share": [126], "how": [127, 156], "participating": [128], "may": [131], "have": [132, 279, 332], "affected": [133], "them.": [134], "During": [135], "thematic": [136, 452], "analysis": [137, 453], "(Braun": [141], "&amp;": [142, 343, 348, 365, 401, 435, 447, 465, 495, 522, 600], "Clarke,": [143, 448, 466], "2006,": [144], "2014)": [145], "noticed": [147], "repeating": [148], "comments": [149], "across": [150], "all": [151], "participant": [153], "on": [155, 340, 483, 552], "involvement": [158], "impacted": [161], "own": [163], "community\u2019s": [166], "wellbeing.": [167, 397], "Six": [168], "exploratory": [169, 374], "themes": [170, 375, 385], "identified:": [172], "\u2022": [173, 209, 243, 269, 289, 307], "Language": [174], "loss": [175], "negatively": [176], "impacts": [177], "wellbeing": [179, 215, 476], "people:": [182], "\u201c[the": [183], "word]": [184], "doesn\u2019t": [185], "just": [186], "mean": [187], "a": [188, 195, 254, 324], "bad,": [189], "misbehaving": [190], "child,": [191], "it": [192, 321], "means": [194], "poor": [196], "child": [197], "has": [199], "been": [200], "uprooted": [201], "[\u2026]": [202, 226, 259, 312, 320], "is": [204], "disconnected": [205], "from": [206, 376], "culture\u201d": [208], "relationship": [211], "burden": [213], "among": [216], "MAP:": [219], "\u201cthere\u2019s": [220], "so": [221], "much": [222], "be": [224, 263], "done.": [225], "that\u2019s": [227], "exhausting": [229], "part": [230], "it.": [232], "It\u2019s": [233], "trying": [234], "teach": [238], "at": [239], "same": [241], "time\u201d": [242], "Strengthening": [244], "apprentices": [246], "become": [248], "future": [249, 388], "community": [250], "leaders:": [251], "\u201cit": [252, 310], "brings": [253], "huge": [255], "sense": [256, 325], "pride": [258], "helps": [261], "me": [262, 317], "an": [264], "inspiration": [265], "anyone": [267], "else\u201d": [268], "Elder\u2019s": [270], "healing": [271], "becoming": [273], "mentors:": [275], "\u201cwe": [276], "once": [277], "again": [278], "believe": [281], "ourselves": [283], "where": [284], "can": [286, 386, 470], "feel": [287], "free\u201d": [288], "Cultural": [290], "spiritual": [292], "health": [293, 341, 421, 474, 554, 609], "healing:": [295], "\u201cI": [296], "am": [297], "keeping": [298], "something": [299], "very": [300], "precious": [301], "alive": [302], "speaking": [304], "my": [305], "language\u201d": [306], "Health": [308, 438, 484], "outcomes:": [309, 422], "that...": [315], "pushed": [316], "sobriety,": [319], "me...": [323], "I": [328], "was\u201d.": [329], "Although": [330], "studies": [331], "reported": [333], "protective": [334], "effects": [335, 545, 610], "use": [339, 549], "(Ball": [342], "Moselle,": [344, 402], "2013;": [345], "Hallett,": [346, 490], "Chandler,": [347, 492], "Lalonde,": [349, 496], "2007;": [350], "McIvor,": [351, 541], "2013),": [352], "health-related": [353], "outcomes": [354], "revitalization": [357, 395, 531], "efforts,": [358], "including": [359], "MAP,": [360], "remain": [361], "underexplored": [362], "(Whalen,": [363], "Moss,": [364, 598], "Baldwin,": [366, 601], "2016).": [367], "In": [368, 519, 562], "addition": [369], "discussing": [371], "six": [373], "study,": [378], "paper": [380], "proposes": [382], "these": [384], "inform": [387], "area": [392], "References": [398], "Ball,": [399], "J.,": [400, 494], "K.": [403, 523], "(2013).": [404, 543], "Contributions": [405], "culture": [407, 551], "aboriginal": [411], "head": [412], "start": [413], "urban": [415], "northern": [417], "communities": [418], "children\u2019s": [420], "A": [423], "review": [424], "theory": [426], "research.": [428], "Prepared": [429], "Division": [431], "Children,": [433], "Seniors": [434], "Healthy": [436], "Development,": [437, 507], "Promotion": [439], "Chronic": [441], "Disease": [442], "Prevention": [443], "Branch.": [444], "Braun,": [445, 463], "V.,": [446, 464], "V.": [449, 467], "(2006).": [450], "Using": [451], "psychology.": [455], "Qualitative": [456, 481], "Research": [457, 581], "Psychology,": [459], "3,": [460], "77\u2013101.": [461], "http://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa": [462], "(2014).": [468], "What": [469], "\u201cthematic": [471], "analysis\u201d": [472], "offer": [473], "researchers?": [477], "International": [478], "Journal": [479], "Studies": [482], "Well-Being,": [486], "9,": [487], "26152.": [488], "http://doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v9.26152": [489], "D.,": [491], "M.": [493], "C.": [497], "E.": [498], "(2007).": [499], "Aboriginal": [500], "knowledge": [502], "suicide.": [505], "Cognitive": [506], "22(3),": [508], "392\u2013399.": [509], "http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2007.02.001": [510], "L.": [512, 520], "(2001).": [513], "master-apprentice": [515], "program.": [518], "Hinton": [521], "Hale": [524], "(Eds.),": [525], "green": [527], "book": [528], "practice": [533], "(pp.": [534, 582], "217\u2013226).": [535], "San": [536], "Diego,": [537], "CA:": [538], "Academic": [539], "Press.": [540], "O.": [542], "Protective": [544], "well-being": [556], "people": [559], "Proceedings": [563], "17th": [566], "FEL": [567, 569], "Conference,": [568], "XVII:": [570], "Endangered": [571, 586], "Languages": [572, 587], "Beyond": [573], "Boundaries:": [574], "Community": [575], "Connections,": [576], "Collaborative": [577], "Approaches": [578], "Cross-Disciplinary": [580], "123\u2013131).": [583], "Foundation": [584], "association": [589], "University": [592], "Carleton.": [594], "Whalen,": [595], "D.": [596, 602], "H.,": [597], "M.,": [599], "(2016).": [603], "Healing": [604], "language:": [606], "Positive": [607], "physical": [608], "indigenous": [612], "use.": [614], "F1000Research,": [615], "5(852).": [616], "http://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8656.1": [617]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 7703}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 26716}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 23828}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 20084}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 19203}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 18022}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 14218}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 10525}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 8032}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 6569}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 5255}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 4410}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3398}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2632}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1754}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2144634347", "doi": null, "title": "Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual", "display_name": "Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual", "publication_year": 1989, "publication_date": "1989-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2144634347", "mag": "2144634347"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-002364190", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5112152140", "display_name": "Joseph Sambrook", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Joseph Sambrook", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5047742196", "display_name": "Elisabeth Fritsch", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Elisabeth Fritsch", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5091116725", "display_name": "Tom Maniatis", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2722-8633"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tom Maniatis", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5112152140"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 2279.2721, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 129990, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 95, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13937", "display_name": "Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research", "score": 0.840499997138977, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13937", "display_name": "Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research", "score": 0.840499997138977, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cloning", "display_name": "Cloning (programming)", "score": 0.529512882232666}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.5221936106681824}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatin", "display_name": "Chromatin", "score": 0.4267783463001251}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/clarity", "display_name": "CLARITY", "score": 0.41535985469818115}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.39890623092651367}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science", "display_name": "Data science", "score": 0.3801095485687256}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.35099515318870544}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dna", "display_name": "DNA", "score": 0.34501326084136963}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.2677343189716339}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-biology", "display_name": "Molecular biology", "score": 0.21053048968315125}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C121050878", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135020", "display_name": "Cloning (programming)", "level": 2, "score": 0.529512882232666}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5221936106681824}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C83640560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180951", "display_name": "Chromatin", "level": 3, "score": 0.4267783463001251}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777146004", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826", "display_name": "CLARITY", "level": 2, "score": 0.41535985469818115}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.39890623092651367}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463", "display_name": "Data science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3801095485687256}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.35099515318870544}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C552990157", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430", "display_name": "DNA", "level": 2, "score": 0.34501326084136963}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.2677343189716339}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153911025", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202", "display_name": "Molecular biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.21053048968315125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 7, "locations": [{"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-002364190", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:bibmed.ucla.edu.ve:T070000058197/0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bibmed.ucla.edu.ve/cgi-win/be_alex.exe?Acceso=T070000058197/0&Nombrebd=bmucla", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:bibmed.ucla.edu.ve:T070000058198/0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bibmed.ucla.edu.ve/cgi-win/be_alex.exe?Acceso=T070000058198/0&Nombrebd=bmucla", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:bibmed.ucla.edu.ve:T070000058199/0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bibmed.ucla.edu.ve/cgi-win/be_alex.exe?Acceso=T070000058199/0&Nombrebd=bmucla", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}, {"id": "mag:2144634347", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB09365076", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210197683", "display_name": "Medical Entomology and Zoology", "issn_l": "0424-7086", "issn": ["0424-7086", "2185-5609"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319750", "host_organization_name": "Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319750"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}, {"id": "mag:2804007336", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://lib.ugent.be/en/catalog/rug01:000471322", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}, {"id": "mag:3169629205", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://library.fmipa.uny.ac.id/opac/index.php?p=show_detail&id=13341&keywords=", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2989345970", "https://openalex.org/W2158714788", "https://openalex.org/W2138270253", "https://openalex.org/W2134812217", "https://openalex.org/W2132417094", "https://openalex.org/W2128635872", "https://openalex.org/W2106882534", "https://openalex.org/W2101108802", "https://openalex.org/W2100837269", "https://openalex.org/W2063450941", "https://openalex.org/W2060333964", "https://openalex.org/W2055043387", "https://openalex.org/W2028622989", "https://openalex.org/W2019410656", "https://openalex.org/W2014669590", "https://openalex.org/W2009310436", "https://openalex.org/W1775749144", "https://openalex.org/W1594700207", "https://openalex.org/W1576893770", "https://openalex.org/W1546783991"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Molecular": [0, 26], "Cloning": [1], "has": [2, 19, 120], "served": [3], "as": [4, 130, 212], "the": [5, 31, 40, 47, 64, 98, 111, 118, 131, 146, 159, 233, 245, 275], "foundation": [6], "of": [7, 53, 92, 97, 114, 163, 232, 235, 247, 253, 264, 270, 278], "technical": [8], "expertise": [9], "in": [10, 137], "labs": [11], "worldwide": [12], "for": [13, 63, 205, 250], "30": [14], "years.": [15], "No": [16], "other": [17, 84], "manual": [18], "been": [20, 121, 150], "so": [21, 24], "popular,": [22], "or": [23], "influential.": [25], "Cloning,": [27], "Fourth": [28], "Edition,": [29], "by": [30, 174, 238], "celebrated": [32], "founding": [33], "author": [34], "Joe": [35], "Sambrook": [36], "and": [37, 51, 56, 60, 83, 89, 135, 139, 156, 161, 168, 183, 189, 191, 195, 219, 226, 255, 257, 273], "new": [38, 176, 201], "co-author,": [39], "distinguished": [41], "HHMI": [42], "investigator": [43], "Michael": [44], "Green,": [45], "preserves": [46], "highly": [48], "praised": [49], "detail": [50], "clarity": [52], "previous": [54], "editions": [55], "includes": [57, 203], "specific": [58], "chapters": [59, 144, 177], "protocols": [61], "commissioned": [62], "book": [65], "from": [66, 145], "expert": [67], "practitioners": [68], "at": [69], "Yale,": [70], "U": [71], "Mass,": [72], "Rockefeller": [73], "University,": [74, 82], "Texas": [75], "Tech,": [76], "Cold": [77], "Spring": [78], "Harbor": [79], "Laboratory,": [80], "Washington": [81], "leading": [85], "institutions.": [86], "The": [87, 200], "theoretical": [88], "historical": [90], "underpinnings": [91], "techniques": [93, 225], "are": [94, 172], "prominent": [95], "features": [96], "presentation": [99], "throughout,": [100], "information": [101], "that": [102], "does": [103], "much": [104], "to": [105, 124, 152, 158], "help": [106], "trouble-shoot": [107], "experimental": [108], "problems.": [109], "For": [110], "fourth": [112, 276], "edition": [113, 148, 277], "this": [115], "classic": [116], "work,": [117], "content": [119, 202], "entirely": [122], "recast": [123], "include": [125], "nucleic-acid": [126], "based": [127], "methods": [128, 204], "selected": [129], "most": [132], "widely": [133], "used": [134], "valuable": [136], "molecular": [138], "cellular": [140, 209], "biology": [141], "laboratories.": [142], "Core": [143], "third": [147], "have": [149], "revised": [151], "feature": [153], "current": [154], "strategies": [155], "approaches": [157], "preparation": [160], "cloning": [162], "nucleic": [164], "acids,": [165], "gene": [166], "transfer,": [167], "expression": [169, 260], "analysis.": [170], "They": [171], "augmented": [173], "12": [175], "which": [178], "show": [179], "how": [180, 192], "DNA,": [181], "RNA,": [182], "proteins": [184, 256], "should": [185], "be": [186, 198], "prepared,": [187], "evaluated,": [188], "manipulated,": [190], "data": [193, 236], "generation": [194], "analysis": [196, 221], "can": [197], "handled.": [199], "studying": [206], "interactions": [207], "between": [208], "components,": [210], "such": [211], "microarrays,": [213], "next-generation": [214], "sequencing": [215], "technologies,": [216], "RNA": [217], "interference,": [218], "epigenetic": [220], "using": [222], "DNA": [223], "methylation": [224], "chromatin": [227], "immunoprecipitation.": [228], "To": [229], "make": [230], "sense": [231], "wealth": [234], "produced": [237], "these": [239], "techniques,": [240], "a": [241], "bioinformatics": [242], "chapter": [243], "describes": [244], "use": [246], "analytical": [248], "tools": [249], "comparing": [251], "sequences": [252], "genes": [254], "identifying": [258], "common": [259], "patterns": [261], "among": [262], "sets": [263], "genes.": [265], "Building": [266], "on": [267], "thirty": [268], "years": [269], "trust,": [271], "reliability,": [272], "authority,": [274], "Mol": [279]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 722}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 961}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1077}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1098}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1037}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1594}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2163}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2471}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2756}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3058}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2911964244", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1010933404324", "title": "Random Forests", "display_name": "Random Forests", "publication_year": 2001, "publication_date": "2001-10-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2911964244", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1010933404324", "mag": "2911964244"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1023/a:1010933404324", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1010933404324", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S62148650", "display_name": "Machine Learning", "issn_l": "0885-6125", "issn": ["0885-6125", "1573-0565"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Machine Learning", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://www.ine.es/up/zEkXkJIZ", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5039125390", "display_name": "Leo Breiman", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Leo Breiman", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Statistics Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Statistics Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5039125390"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"], "apc_list": {"value": 2390, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 2990}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 93.2155, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 121656, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99965052, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "45", "issue": "1", "first_page": "5", "last_page": "32"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10057", "display_name": "Face and Expression Recognition", "score": 0.9983000159263611, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12535", "display_name": "Machine Learning and Data Classification", "score": 0.9947999715805054, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest", "display_name": "Random forest", "score": 0.7753709554672241}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.6701684594154358}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost", "display_name": "AdaBoost", "score": 0.5846542716026306}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.5798611640930176}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tree", "display_name": "Tree (set theory)", "score": 0.5712303519248962}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization", "display_name": "Generalization", "score": 0.5647010207176208}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine", "display_name": "Support vector machine", "score": 0.44561082124710083}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization-error", "display_name": "Generalization error", "score": 0.4262329638004303}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/measure", "display_name": "Measure (data warehouse)", "score": 0.42371299862861633}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.3885353207588196}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.36843299865722656}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.2859410047531128}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "score": 0.19559484720230103}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining", "display_name": "Data mining", "score": 0.15247032046318054}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics", "display_name": "Combinatorics", "score": 0.12432247400283813}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C169258074", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748", "display_name": "Random forest", "level": 2, "score": 0.7753709554672241}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.6701684594154358}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C141404830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869", "display_name": "AdaBoost", "level": 3, "score": 0.5846542716026306}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.5798611640930176}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C113174947", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736", "display_name": "Tree (set theory)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5712303519248962}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177148314", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084", "display_name": "Generalization", "level": 2, "score": 0.5647010207176208}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C12267149", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453", "display_name": "Support vector machine", "level": 2, "score": 0.44561082124710083}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C117765406", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362437", "display_name": "Generalization error", "level": 3, "score": 0.4262329638004303}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780009758", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172", "display_name": "Measure (data warehouse)", "level": 2, "score": 0.42371299862861633}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.3885353207588196}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.36843299865722656}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.2859410047531128}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50644808", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.19559484720230103}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.15247032046318054}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C114614502", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592", "display_name": "Combinatorics", "level": 1, "score": 0.12432247400283813}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754", "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1023/a:1010933404324", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1010933404324", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S62148650", "display_name": "Machine Learning", "issn_l": "0885-6125", "issn": ["0885-6125", "1573-0565"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Machine Learning", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:roderic.uv.es:10550/111047", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ine.es/up/zEkXkJIZ", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400245", "display_name": "Repository of Digital Objects for Teaching Research and Culture (University of Valencia)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I16097986", "host_organization_name": "Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16097986"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "VoR"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:roderic.uv.es:10550/113476", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010933404324", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400245", "display_name": "Repository of Digital Objects for Teaching Research and Culture (University of Valencia)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I16097986", "host_organization_name": "Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16097986"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "VoR"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:roderic.uv.es:10550/111047", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ine.es/up/zEkXkJIZ", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400245", "display_name": "Repository of Digital Objects for Teaching Research and Culture (University of Valencia)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I16097986", "host_organization_name": "Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16097986"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "VoR"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15", "display_name": "Life in Land", "score": 0.5899999737739563}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 16, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1507255258", "https://openalex.org/W1580948147", "https://openalex.org/W1605688901", "https://openalex.org/W1975846642", "https://openalex.org/W2067885219", "https://openalex.org/W2077200366", "https://openalex.org/W2099968818", "https://openalex.org/W2112076978", "https://openalex.org/W2113242816", "https://openalex.org/W2120240539", "https://openalex.org/W2152761983", "https://openalex.org/W2335925837", "https://openalex.org/W2912934387", "https://openalex.org/W3122510419", "https://openalex.org/W7024935943", "https://openalex.org/W7025168525"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4200112873", "https://openalex.org/W2955796858", "https://openalex.org/W4224941037", "https://openalex.org/W153201352", "https://openalex.org/W2004826645", "https://openalex.org/W2381411913", "https://openalex.org/W3011239835", "https://openalex.org/W3135818052", "https://openalex.org/W4312534362", "https://openalex.org/W3185760728"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 4623}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 16907}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 14642}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 13131}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 11917}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 11814}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 9665}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 7731}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 6306}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 5020}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 4189}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3646}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2957}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2277}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1771}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2019-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2083222334", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.11169", "title": "Efficient iterative schemes for<i>ab initio</i>total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set", "display_name": "Efficient iterative schemes for<i>ab initio</i>total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set", "publication_year": 1996, "publication_date": "1996-10-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2083222334", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.11169", "mag": "2083222334", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9984901"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.54.11169", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.11169", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174675", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "issn_l": "0163-1829", "issn": ["0163-1829", "1095-3795"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5019751186", "display_name": "Georg Kresse", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9102-4259"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I145847075", "display_name": "TU Wien", "ror": "https://ror.org/04d836q62", "country_code": "AT", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}], "countries": ["AT"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "G. Kresse", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Hauptstra\u03b2e 8-10/136, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Hauptstra\u03b2e 8\u201310 / 136, A-1040 Wien, Austria"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Hauptstra\u03b2e 8-10/136, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Hauptstra\u03b2e 8\u201310 / 136, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062208820", "display_name": "J. Furthm\u00fcller", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-7403"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I76198965", "display_name": "Friedrich Schiller University Jena", "ror": "https://ror.org/05qpz1x62", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I145847075", "display_name": "TU Wien", "ror": "https://ror.org/04d836q62", "country_code": "AT", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}], "countries": ["AT", "DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. Furthm\u00fcller", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Hauptstra\u03b2e 8-10/136, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rpertheorie und Theoretische Optik, Friedrich\u2010Schiller\u2010Universit\u00e4t Jena, Max\u2010Wien\u2010Platz 1, D\u201007743 Jena, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Hauptstra\u03b2e 8-10/136, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rpertheorie und Theoretische Optik, Friedrich\u2010Schiller\u2010Universit\u00e4t Jena, Max\u2010Wien\u2010Platz 1, D\u201007743 Jena, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5019751186"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 45.8279, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 117720, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99970571, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "54", "issue": "16", "first_page": "11169", "last_page": "11186"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10037", "display_name": "Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3104", "display_name": "Condensed Matter Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10382", "display_name": "Quantum and electron transport phenomena", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling", "display_name": "Scaling", "score": 0.7225962281227112}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.6224539279937744}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ab-initio", "display_name": "Ab initio", "score": 0.5882455110549927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/basis-set", "display_name": "Basis set", "score": 0.5520426034927368}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/basis", "display_name": "Basis (linear algebra)", "score": 0.4454004466533661}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology", "display_name": "Subspace topology", "score": 0.42427176237106323}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/plane-wave", "display_name": "Plane wave", "score": 0.4223615527153015}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "score": 0.4168476462364197}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.4074418544769287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.17136865854263306}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis", "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "score": 0.15709063410758972}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecule", "display_name": "Molecule", "score": 0.10337531566619873}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry", "display_name": "Geometry", "score": 0.09742516279220581}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C99844830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924", "display_name": "Scaling", "level": 2, "score": 0.7225962281227112}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.6224539279937744}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781442258", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46310", "display_name": "Ab initio", "level": 2, "score": 0.5882455110549927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C65956243", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664086", "display_name": "Basis set", "level": 3, "score": 0.5520426034927368}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C12426560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569", "display_name": "Basis (linear algebra)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4454004466533661}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C32834561", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730", "display_name": "Subspace topology", "level": 2, "score": 0.42427176237106323}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C40308292", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122518", "display_name": "Plane wave", "level": 2, "score": 0.4223615527153015}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121864883", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4168476462364197}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4074418544769287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.17136865854263306}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754", "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "level": 1, "score": 0.15709063410758972}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C32909587", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369", "display_name": "Molecule", "level": 2, "score": 0.10337531566619873}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.09742516279220581}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.54.11169", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.11169", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174675", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "issn_l": "0163-1829", "issn": ["0163-1829", "1095-3795"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:9984901", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9984901", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7", "display_name": "Affordable and clean energy", "score": 0.6299999952316284}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 59, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W34580700", "https://openalex.org/W1968426044", "https://openalex.org/W1969891690", "https://openalex.org/W1970127494", "https://openalex.org/W1972909908", "https://openalex.org/W1974224232", "https://openalex.org/W1974333117", "https://openalex.org/W1977822596", "https://openalex.org/W1981619846", "https://openalex.org/W1988762313", "https://openalex.org/W1992028354", "https://openalex.org/W1992702715", "https://openalex.org/W1993725444", "https://openalex.org/W1995469798", "https://openalex.org/W1996728110", "https://openalex.org/W1998366223", "https://openalex.org/W2003958047", "https://openalex.org/W2008350578", "https://openalex.org/W2010785223", "https://openalex.org/W2013183108", "https://openalex.org/W2014984574", "https://openalex.org/W2018032907", "https://openalex.org/W2020068981", "https://openalex.org/W2022247528", "https://openalex.org/W2032227435", "https://openalex.org/W2032865222", "https://openalex.org/W2033488292", "https://openalex.org/W2036113194", "https://openalex.org/W2037785958", "https://openalex.org/W2039626632", "https://openalex.org/W2043531068", "https://openalex.org/W2046001409", "https://openalex.org/W2046274096", "https://openalex.org/W2050729144", "https://openalex.org/W2054954556", "https://openalex.org/W2054960930", "https://openalex.org/W2060880786", "https://openalex.org/W2061021573", "https://openalex.org/W2064807075", "https://openalex.org/W2065152839", "https://openalex.org/W2069464471", "https://openalex.org/W2069581473", "https://openalex.org/W2069970015", "https://openalex.org/W2072132871", "https://openalex.org/W2076059435", "https://openalex.org/W2077377413", "https://openalex.org/W2078223384", "https://openalex.org/W2079105963", "https://openalex.org/W2084429590", "https://openalex.org/W2087585288", "https://openalex.org/W2087698390", "https://openalex.org/W2088380112", "https://openalex.org/W2107278155", "https://openalex.org/W2123083227", "https://openalex.org/W2230728100", "https://openalex.org/W2568342123", "https://openalex.org/W3178245316", "https://openalex.org/W4252822859", "https://openalex.org/W4295098785"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1989614561", "https://openalex.org/W2042265971", "https://openalex.org/W2025967722", "https://openalex.org/W2073415965", "https://openalex.org/W1979180914", "https://openalex.org/W4231574477", "https://openalex.org/W1988732889", "https://openalex.org/W2129220649", "https://openalex.org/W2044425318", "https://openalex.org/W2073735182"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"We": [0, 167], "present": [1], "an": [2, 67, 129], "efficient": [3, 68], "scheme": [4, 70], "for": [5, 84, 101, 135, 192], "calculating": [6], "the": [7, 22, 25, 34, 38, 54, 61, 94, 111, 125, 148, 158, 161, 186], "Kohn-Sham": [8], "ground": [9], "state": [10], "of": [11, 27, 41, 56, 93, 113, 124, 150, 196], "metallic": [12, 208], "systems": [13, 136, 198], "using": [14], "pseudopotentials": [15], "and": [16, 52, 79, 103, 185, 200, 205, 209, 218, 220], "a": [17, 80, 85, 118, 173, 193], "plane-wave": [18, 86], "basis": [19, 87], "set.": [20], "In": [21, 60], "first": [23], "part": [24], "application": [26], "Pulay's": [28, 74], "DIIS": [29], "method": [30, 95], "(direct": [31], "inversion": [32], "in": [33, 99, 213], "iterative": [35, 39], "subspace)": [36], "to": [37, 116, 139, 223], "diagonalization": [40], "large": [42, 194], "matrices": [43], "will": [44, 65, 89, 96, 107], "be": [45, 90, 97, 108, 154, 224], "discussed.": [46], "Our": [47], "approach": [48, 165], "is": [49, 121, 133], "stable,": [50], "reliable,": [51], "minimizes": [53], "number": [55, 112, 149, 195], "order": [57, 130], "${\\mathit{N}}_{\\mathrm{atoms}}^{3}$": [58], "operations.": [59], "second": [62], "part,": [63], "we": [64, 143], "discuss": [66], "mixing": [69], "also": [71], "based": [72], "on": [73], "scheme.": [75], "A": [76], "special": [77, 81], "``metric''": [78], "``preconditioning''": [82], "optimized": [83], "set": [88], "introduced.": [91], "Scaling": [92], "discussed": [98], "detail": [100], "non-self-consistent": [102], "self-consistent": [104], "calculations.": [105], "It": [106], "shown": [109], "that": [110, 147], "iterations": [114], "required": [115], "obtain": [117], "specific": [119], "precision": [120], "almost": [122], "independent": [123], "system": [126, 159], "size.": [127], "Altogether": [128], "${\\mathit{N}}_{\\mathrm{atoms}}^{2}$": [131], "scaling": [132, 163], "found": [134], "containing": [137], "up": [138], "1000": [140], "electrons.": [141], "If": [142], "take": [144], "into": [145], "account": [146], "k": [151], "points": [152], "can": [153, 164], "decreased": [155], "linearly": [156], "with": [157], "size,": [160], "overall": [162], "${\\mathit{N}}_{\\mathrm{atoms}}$.": [166], "have": [168, 188], "implemented": [169], "these": [170], "algorithms": [171], "within": [172], "powerful": [174], "package": [175], "called": [176], "VASP": [177], "(Vienna": [178], "ab": [179], "initio": [180], "simulation": [181], "package).": [182], "The": [183, 229], "program": [184], "techniques": [187], "been": [189], "used": [190], "successfully": [191], "different": [197], "(liquid": [199], "amorphous": [201], "semiconductors,": [202], "liquid": [203], "simple": [204, 214], "transition": [206, 216], "metals,": [207, 215, 217], "semiconducting": [210], "surfaces,": [211], "phonons": [212], "semiconductors)": [219], "turned": [221], "out": [222], "very": [225], "reliable.": [226], "\\textcopyright{}": [227], "1996": [228], "American": [230], "Physical": [231], "Society.": [232]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 3275}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 13201}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 12333}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 10930}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 10350}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 9193}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 8226}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 7241}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 6388}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 5421}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 4883}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 4253}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3788}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3156}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2695}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4247665917", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596", "title": "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", "display_name": "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", "publication_year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-05-22", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4247665917", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306462815", "display_name": "American Psychiatric Association eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316602", "host_organization_name": "American Psychiatric Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Psychiatric Association"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "monograph"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5118904555", "display_name": "Annette Lolk", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210122552", "display_name": "Psykiatrien i Region Syddanmark", "ror": "https://ror.org/02vypmx38", "country_code": "DK", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801498763", "https://openalex.org/I4210122552"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I177969490", "display_name": "University of Southern Denmark", "ror": "https://ror.org/03yrrjy16", "country_code": "DK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}], "countries": ["DK"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Annette Lolk", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["KI, OUH, Forskningsenhed for Psykiatri (Odense)", "SDU, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Research, KI, OUH, Research unit of Psychiatry (Odense), DK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "KI, OUH, Forskningsenhed for Psykiatri (Odense)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210122552"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "SDU, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Research, KI, OUH, Research unit of Psychiatry (Odense), DK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5118904555"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I177969490", "https://openalex.org/I4210122552"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 756.0455, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 111897, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13091", "display_name": "Human Health and Disease", "score": 0.11829999834299088, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2735", "display_name": "Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13091", "display_name": "Human Health and Disease", "score": 0.11829999834299088, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2735", "display_name": "Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.502825915813446}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/classification-of-mental-disorders", "display_name": "Classification of mental disorders", "score": 0.44724905490875244}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-classification-of-mental-health-and-developmental-disorders-of-infancy-and-early-childhood", "display_name": "Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood", "score": 0.4145171344280243}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry", "display_name": "Psychiatry", "score": 0.27419495582580566}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health", "display_name": "Mental health", "score": 0.17117249965667725}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence-of-mental-disorders", "display_name": "Prevalence of mental disorders", "score": 0.155491441488266}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.502825915813446}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C38905598", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2976573", "display_name": "Classification of mental disorders", "level": 4, "score": 0.44724905490875244}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C190798599", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7730059", "display_name": "Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood", "level": 4, "score": 0.4145171344280243}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867", "display_name": "Psychiatry", "level": 1, "score": 0.27419495582580566}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134362201", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309", "display_name": "Mental health", "level": 2, "score": 0.17117249965667725}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C145734003", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7242342", "display_name": "Prevalence of mental disorders", "level": 3, "score": 0.155491441488266}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306462815", "display_name": "American Psychiatric Association eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316602", "host_organization_name": "American Psychiatric Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Psychiatric Association"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "monograph"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:repositorio.uptc.edu.co:001/18087", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/18087", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407055399", "display_name": "Repositorio Institucional UPTC", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:sdu.dk:openaire_cris_publications/c99ca09d-e0c6-4d55-b788-baa8baecdd6d", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/c99ca09d-e0c6-4d55-b788-baa8baecdd6d", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400423", "display_name": "University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I177969490", "host_organization_name": "University of Southern Denmark", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I177969490"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Lolk, A (red.) 2013, Neurokognitive lidelser. i Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5. udg, American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596", "raw_type": "bookPart"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2517265382", "https://openalex.org/W2468392466", "https://openalex.org/W1526955519", "https://openalex.org/W4390119191", "https://openalex.org/W2418005060", "https://openalex.org/W1491404597", "https://openalex.org/W4390096082", "https://openalex.org/W2613630855", "https://openalex.org/W2053004474", "https://openalex.org/W1964971319"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"En": [0], "la": [1, 8, 20, 51, 82, 303, 309], "actualidad": [2], "es": [3], "importante": [4], "detectar": [5, 299], "a": [6, 42, 58, 80, 143, 157, 254, 302], "tiempo": [7], "depresi\u00f3n,": [9, 176], "con": [10, 94, 146, 173, 187, 208, 274, 311], "el": [11, 34, 89, 97, 108, 117, 147, 154, 161, 182, 188, 193, 246, 261], "fin": [12, 189], "de": [13, 22, 24, 29, 36, 48, 50, 61, 75, 84, 91, 99, 110, 119, 121, 125, 175, 190, 195, 205, 211, 225, 228, 233, 242, 257, 259, 263, 277, 291, 298, 308, 314], "llevar": [14], "un": [15, 43, 134, 209], "tratamiento": [16], "oportuno": [17], "y": [18, 96, 127, 201, 230, 238, 251, 266, 279, 305, 316], "mejorar": [19], "calidad": [21], "vida": [23], "las": [25, 71, 151, 196, 215, 240, 255], "personas,": [26], "este": [27, 76, 275], "proceso": [28], "evaluaci\u00f3n": [30], "o": [31, 38, 63, 153, 171, 219, 286], "detecci\u00f3n": [32], "requiere": [33], "uso": [35, 109, 118, 258], "herramientas": [37, 290], "test": [39], "para": [40, 70, 132, 213, 236, 288], "llegar": [41, 57, 142], "diagn\u00f3stico": [44, 315], "correcto": [45], "por": [46], "parte": [47], "profesionales": [49], "salud": [52], "mental,": [53], "lo": [54], "cual": [55], "puede": [56, 141, 270], "ser": [59, 67], "largo": [60], "realizar": [62], "en": [64, 112, 130, 150, 169, 181, 192, 217], "algunos": [65], "casos": [66], "muy": [68], "invasivo": [69], "personas.": [72], "A": [73], "trav\u00e9s": [74], "proyecto": [77, 282], "se": [78, 140, 163, 199], "llev\u00f3": [79], "cabo": [81], "investigaci\u00f3n": [83, 294], "los": [85, 104, 158, 165, 179, 243, 267], "s\u00edntomas": [86, 174, 300], "que": [87, 102, 139, 184, 269, 295, 306], "caracterizan": [88], "perfil": [90], "una": [92, 100, 231, 284], "persona": [93], "depresi\u00f3n": [95, 304], "desarrollo": [98, 162, 247], "aplicaci\u00f3n": [101], "detecta": [103], "posibles": [105], "s\u00edntomas,": [106], "mediante": [107], "webscraping": [111], "redes": [113], "sociales": [114], "como": [115, 178], "Instagram,": [116, 260], "algoritmos": [120, 204], "machine": [122, 206], "learning,": [123], "an\u00e1lisis": [124, 128, 155, 234, 292], "datos": [126, 212, 264, 278], "facial": [129, 235], "conjunto": [131, 210], "obtener": [133], "resultado": [135], "mas": [136, 167], "completo": [137], "del": [138], "tener": [144], "solo": [145], "texto": [148, 194], "obtenido": [149], "publicaciones": [152, 216, 241], "aplicado": [156], "rostros.": [159], "Durante": [160, 245], "investigaron": [164, 200], "rasgos": [166], "notorios": [168], "personas": [170], "pacientes": [172], "as\u00ed": [177], "cambios": [180], "lenguaje": [183], "puedan": [185], "generar,": [186], "detectarlo": [191], "publicaciones,": [197], "adem\u00e1s": [198], "probaron": [202], "distintos": [203], "learning": [207], "clasificar": [214], "suicida": [218], "no": [220], "suicida.": [221], "Se": [222], "implementaron": [223], "m\u00f3dulos": [224], "webscraping,": [226], "clasificaci\u00f3n": [227], "palabras": [229], "API": [232], "descargar": [237], "analizar": [239], "perfiles.": [244], "encontraron": [248], "varios": [249], "obst\u00e1culos": [250], "consideraciones": [252], "relacionadas": [253], "pol\u00edticas": [256], "manejo": [262], "personales": [265], "problemas": [268], "haber": [271], "al": [272], "trabajar": [273], "tipo": [276], "analizarlos.": [280], "Este": [281], "aporta": [283], "base": [285], "contexto": [287], "crear": [289], "e": [293], "sean": [296], "capaces": [297], "relacionados": [301], "trabajen": [307], "mano": [310], "otros": [312], "recursos": [313], "validaci\u00f3n": [317], "cl\u00ednica.": [318]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2321}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 9914}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 10271}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 10728}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 11585}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 11612}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 10596}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 8613}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 7771}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 7411}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 6390}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 5324}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3681}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1069}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 298}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2022-05-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3128646645", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660", "title": "Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries", "display_name": "Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries", "publication_year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-02-04", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3128646645", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660", "mag": "3128646645", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538338"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3322/caac.21660", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21660", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S126094547", "display_name": "CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "issn_l": "0007-9235", "issn": ["0007-9235", "1542-4863"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "diamond", "oa_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21660", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5082191284", "display_name": "Hyuna Sung", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8021-5997"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1288198617", "display_name": "American Cancer Society", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e463172", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hyuna Sung", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Surveillance and Health Equity Science American Cancer Society Atlanta Georgia", "Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Surveillance and Health Equity Science American Cancer Society Atlanta Georgia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5051830072", "display_name": "Jacques Ferlay", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-6932"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I42237331", "display_name": "Centre international de recherche sur le cancer", "ror": "https://ror.org/00v452281", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654", "https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jacques Ferlay", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Section of Cancer Surveillance International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France", "Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Section of Cancer Surveillance International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5047300895", "display_name": "Rebecca L. Siegel", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5247-8522"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1288198617", "display_name": "American Cancer Society", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e463172", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Rebecca L. Siegel", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Surveillance and Health Equity Science American Cancer Society Atlanta Georgia", "Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Surveillance and Health Equity Science American Cancer Society Atlanta Georgia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026861762", "display_name": "Mathieu Laversanne", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1568-7218"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I42237331", "display_name": "Centre international de recherche sur le cancer", "ror": "https://ror.org/00v452281", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654", "https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mathieu Laversanne", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Section of Cancer Surveillance International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France", "Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Section of Cancer Surveillance International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5057880586", "display_name": "Isabelle Soerjomataram", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6017-741X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I42237331", "display_name": "Centre international de recherche sur le cancer", "ror": "https://ror.org/00v452281", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654", "https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Isabelle Soerjomataram", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Section of Cancer Surveillance International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France", "Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Section of Cancer Surveillance International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009198168", "display_name": "Ahmedin Jemal", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-4111"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1288198617", "display_name": "American Cancer Society", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e463172", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ahmedin Jemal", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Surveillance and Health Equity Science American Cancer Society Atlanta Georgia", "Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Surveillance and Health Equity Science American Cancer Society Atlanta Georgia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5064215217", "display_name": "Freddie Bray", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3248-7787"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I42237331", "display_name": "Centre international de recherche sur le cancer", "ror": "https://ror.org/00v452281", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654", "https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Freddie Bray", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Section of Cancer Surveillance International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France", "Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Section of Cancer Surveillance International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 7, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5064215217"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 8380.0147, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 110713, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 90, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "71", "issue": "3", "first_page": "209", "last_page": "249"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10556", "display_name": "Global Cancer Incidence and Screening", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2730", "display_name": "Oncology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10556", "display_name": "Global Cancer Incidence and Screening", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2730", "display_name": "Oncology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10552", "display_name": "Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection", "score": 0.9961000084877014, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2730", "display_name": "Oncology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14078", "display_name": "Multiple and Secondary Primary Cancers", "score": 0.9872999787330627, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2713", "display_name": "Epidemiology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.7026069760322571}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer", "display_name": "Cancer", "score": 0.6876381635665894}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer", "display_name": "Breast cancer", "score": 0.6682701706886292}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-cancer", "display_name": "Skin cancer", "score": 0.5792765021324158}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer", "display_name": "Lung cancer", "score": 0.5768730044364929}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-cancer", "display_name": "Colorectal cancer", "score": 0.5180783271789551}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence", "display_name": "Incidence (geometry)", "score": 0.5160927176475525}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/demography", "display_name": "Demography", "score": 0.5144960880279541}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-cancer", "display_name": "Prostate cancer", "score": 0.4548410475254059}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality-rate", "display_name": "Mortality rate", "score": 0.44843122363090515}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/stomach-cancer", "display_name": "Stomach cancer", "score": 0.4154999852180481}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/oncology", "display_name": "Oncology", "score": 0.33189263939857483}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "score": 0.32103973627090454}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.7026069760322571}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121608353", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078", "display_name": "Cancer", "level": 2, "score": 0.6876381635665894}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C530470458", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581", "display_name": "Breast cancer", "level": 3, "score": 0.6682701706886292}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777789703", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192102", "display_name": "Skin cancer", "level": 3, "score": 0.5792765021324158}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776256026", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912", "display_name": "Lung cancer", "level": 2, "score": 0.5768730044364929}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C526805850", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188874", "display_name": "Colorectal cancer", "level": 3, "score": 0.5180783271789551}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C61511704", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857", "display_name": "Incidence (geometry)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5160927176475525}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149923435", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732", "display_name": "Demography", "level": 1, "score": 0.5144960880279541}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780192828", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181257", "display_name": "Prostate cancer", "level": 3, "score": 0.4548410475254059}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C179755657", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702", "display_name": "Mortality rate", "level": 2, "score": 0.44843122363090515}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779454504", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189588", "display_name": "Stomach cancer", "level": 3, "score": 0.4154999852180481}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C143998085", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555", "display_name": "Oncology", "level": 1, "score": 0.33189263939857483}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.32103973627090454}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000349", "descriptor_name": "Africa", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000349", "descriptor_name": "Africa", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000349", "descriptor_name": "Africa", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000349", "descriptor_name": "Africa", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000349", "descriptor_name": "Africa", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000569", "descriptor_name": "Americas", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000569", "descriptor_name": "Americas", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000569", "descriptor_name": "Americas", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000569", "descriptor_name": "Americas", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000569", "descriptor_name": "Americas", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001208", "descriptor_name": "Asia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001208", "descriptor_name": "Asia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001208", "descriptor_name": "Asia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001208", "descriptor_name": "Asia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001208", "descriptor_name": "Asia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003906", "descriptor_name": "Developing Countries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003906", "descriptor_name": "Developing Countries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003906", "descriptor_name": "Developing Countries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003906", "descriptor_name": "Developing Countries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003906", "descriptor_name": "Developing Countries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005060", "descriptor_name": "Europe", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005060", "descriptor_name": "Europe", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005060", "descriptor_name": "Europe", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005060", "descriptor_name": "Europe", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005060", "descriptor_name": "Europe", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000401", "qualifier_name": "mortality", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000401", "qualifier_name": "mortality", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000401", "qualifier_name": "mortality", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000401", "qualifier_name": "mortality", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000401", "qualifier_name": "mortality", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011157", "descriptor_name": "Population Dynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011157", "descriptor_name": "Population Dynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011157", "descriptor_name": "Population Dynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011157", "descriptor_name": "Population Dynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011157", "descriptor_name": "Population Dynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012307", "descriptor_name": "Risk Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012307", "descriptor_name": "Risk Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012307", "descriptor_name": "Risk Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012307", "descriptor_name": "Risk Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012307", "descriptor_name": "Risk Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014943", "descriptor_name": "Global Health", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014943", "descriptor_name": "Global Health", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014943", "descriptor_name": "Global Health", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014943", "descriptor_name": "Global Health", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014943", "descriptor_name": "Global Health", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015994", "descriptor_name": "Incidence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015994", "descriptor_name": "Incidence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015994", "descriptor_name": "Incidence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015994", "descriptor_name": "Incidence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015994", "descriptor_name": "Incidence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017678", "descriptor_name": "Sex Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017678", "descriptor_name": "Sex Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017678", "descriptor_name": "Sex Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017678", "descriptor_name": "Sex Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017678", "descriptor_name": "Sex Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019049", "descriptor_name": "Developed Countries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019049", "descriptor_name": "Developed Countries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019049", "descriptor_name": "Developed Countries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019049", "descriptor_name": "Developed Countries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019049", "descriptor_name": "Developed Countries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D038622", "descriptor_name": "Internationality", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D038622", "descriptor_name": "Internationality", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D038622", "descriptor_name": "Internationality", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D038622", "descriptor_name": "Internationality", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D038622", "descriptor_name": "Internationality", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D044349", "descriptor_name": "Oceania", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D044349", "descriptor_name": "Oceania", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D044349", "descriptor_name": "Oceania", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D044349", "descriptor_name": "Oceania", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D044349", "descriptor_name": "Oceania", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.3322/caac.21660", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21660", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S126094547", "display_name": "CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "issn_l": "0007-9235", "issn": ["0007-9235", "1542-4863"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:33538338", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538338", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "CA: a cancer journal for clinicians", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.3322/caac.21660", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21660", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S126094547", "display_name": "CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "issn_l": "0007-9235", "issn": ["0007-9235", "1542-4863"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128646645.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3128646645.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 237, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W31182665", "https://openalex.org/W130099911", "https://openalex.org/W250128136", "https://openalex.org/W1275532855", "https://openalex.org/W1502633200", "https://openalex.org/W1502967669", "https://openalex.org/W1563649485", "https://openalex.org/W1593442063", "https://openalex.org/W1861891407", "https://openalex.org/W1877917243", "https://openalex.org/W1964088794", "https://openalex.org/W1965385210", "https://openalex.org/W1968960710", "https://openalex.org/W1969875009", "https://openalex.org/W1974541194", "https://openalex.org/W1975347641", "https://openalex.org/W1978173745", "https://openalex.org/W1980771473", "https://openalex.org/W1987350137", "https://openalex.org/W1990738892", "https://openalex.org/W2000312566", "https://openalex.org/W2012312490", "https://openalex.org/W2013585067", "https://openalex.org/W2016251600", "https://openalex.org/W2016761556", "https://openalex.org/W2018394758", "https://openalex.org/W2020830322", "https://openalex.org/W2021052809", "https://openalex.org/W2021773870", "https://openalex.org/W2030467932", "https://openalex.org/W2035446368", "https://openalex.org/W2037450389", "https://openalex.org/W2040143851", "https://openalex.org/W2042328371", "https://openalex.org/W2056494011", "https://openalex.org/W2064352891", "https://openalex.org/W2074075370", "https://openalex.org/W2087308105", "https://openalex.org/W2089300758", "https://openalex.org/W2093829713", "https://openalex.org/W2095866442", "https://openalex.org/W2096619957", "https://openalex.org/W2099023213", "https://openalex.org/W2099113990", "https://openalex.org/W2100524810", "https://openalex.org/W2106787323", "https://openalex.org/W2110938744", "https://openalex.org/W2113017183", "https://openalex.org/W2114520506", "https://openalex.org/W2117705442", "https://openalex.org/W2119391023", "https://openalex.org/W2121732950", "https://openalex.org/W2122816088", "https://openalex.org/W2124006484", "https://openalex.org/W2125587655", "https://openalex.org/W2132900617", "https://openalex.org/W2133874643", "https://openalex.org/W2134793522", "https://openalex.org/W2137584842", "https://openalex.org/W2138097712", "https://openalex.org/W2145150141", "https://openalex.org/W2145461245", "https://openalex.org/W2147072570", "https://openalex.org/W2147496191", "https://openalex.org/W2150061011", "https://openalex.org/W2151780198", "https://openalex.org/W2151781453", "https://openalex.org/W2153383900", "https://openalex.org/W2155210401", "https://openalex.org/W2155329254", "https://openalex.org/W2157800900", "https://openalex.org/W2160780272", "https://openalex.org/W2161697947", "https://openalex.org/W2163308724", "https://openalex.org/W2165686484", "https://openalex.org/W2166609686", "https://openalex.org/W2167546181", "https://openalex.org/W2169422079", "https://openalex.org/W2171191579", "https://openalex.org/W2181458187", "https://openalex.org/W2188842737", "https://openalex.org/W2209941301", "https://openalex.org/W2220945839", "https://openalex.org/W2225425202", "https://openalex.org/W2284583894", "https://openalex.org/W2298986959", "https://openalex.org/W2302003756", "https://openalex.org/W2308263493", "https://openalex.org/W2322310797", "https://openalex.org/W2333865060", "https://openalex.org/W2415076046", "https://openalex.org/W2469922610", "https://openalex.org/W2473162054", "https://openalex.org/W2475385134", "https://openalex.org/W2480418585", "https://openalex.org/W2492982562", "https://openalex.org/W2498679987", "https://openalex.org/W2511731321", "https://openalex.org/W2511744717", "https://openalex.org/W2514008771", "https://openalex.org/W2518132675", "https://openalex.org/W2528938021", "https://openalex.org/W2552131239", "https://openalex.org/W2556079332", "https://openalex.org/W2573691690", "https://openalex.org/W2587879016", "https://openalex.org/W2590417095", "https://openalex.org/W2590857018", "https://openalex.org/W2598689477", "https://openalex.org/W2601355576", "https://openalex.org/W2603577764", "https://openalex.org/W2609752905", "https://openalex.org/W2617093818", "https://openalex.org/W2621568616", "https://openalex.org/W2724765905", "https://openalex.org/W2726042157", "https://openalex.org/W2738256061", "https://openalex.org/W2743598935", "https://openalex.org/W2761242421", "https://openalex.org/W2762223230", "https://openalex.org/W2765904016", "https://openalex.org/W2765952964", "https://openalex.org/W2766085363", "https://openalex.org/W2768132193", "https://openalex.org/W2775003344", "https://openalex.org/W2787553551", "https://openalex.org/W2790011499", "https://openalex.org/W2804239158", "https://openalex.org/W2804784400", "https://openalex.org/W2805885226", "https://openalex.org/W2829068939", "https://openalex.org/W2884656419", "https://openalex.org/W2889646458", "https://openalex.org/W2891793107", "https://openalex.org/W2892686665", "https://openalex.org/W2894223279", "https://openalex.org/W2895202671", "https://openalex.org/W2895926051", "https://openalex.org/W2895926103", "https://openalex.org/W2896293589", "https://openalex.org/W2900053041", "https://openalex.org/W2902477821", "https://openalex.org/W2902810541", "https://openalex.org/W2909795031", "https://openalex.org/W2911188335", "https://openalex.org/W2912618139", "https://openalex.org/W2915406741", "https://openalex.org/W2916183155", "https://openalex.org/W2917837889", "https://openalex.org/W2917869996", "https://openalex.org/W2921046410", "https://openalex.org/W2924528896", "https://openalex.org/W2928271642", "https://openalex.org/W2929070495", "https://openalex.org/W2940731404", "https://openalex.org/W2946089174", "https://openalex.org/W2946385297", "https://openalex.org/W2946421024", "https://openalex.org/W2954417969", "https://openalex.org/W2964933269", "https://openalex.org/W2966258052", "https://openalex.org/W2970045605", "https://openalex.org/W2971546771", "https://openalex.org/W2972102107", "https://openalex.org/W2972904252", "https://openalex.org/W2973153606", "https://openalex.org/W2979291688", "https://openalex.org/W2980064491", "https://openalex.org/W2981876570", "https://openalex.org/W2983078877", "https://openalex.org/W2986365253", "https://openalex.org/W2997281102", "https://openalex.org/W3000073660", "https://openalex.org/W3002834433", "https://openalex.org/W3003227613", "https://openalex.org/W3003249044", "https://openalex.org/W3003415550", "https://openalex.org/W3004181286", "https://openalex.org/W3004708148", "https://openalex.org/W3009424821", "https://openalex.org/W3009963727", "https://openalex.org/W3011426090", "https://openalex.org/W3012064831", "https://openalex.org/W3013007496", "https://openalex.org/W3013506469", "https://openalex.org/W3014713533", "https://openalex.org/W3017004020", "https://openalex.org/W3017004682", "https://openalex.org/W3020186439", "https://openalex.org/W3020562942", "https://openalex.org/W3020713926", "https://openalex.org/W3023041338", "https://openalex.org/W3026088446", "https://openalex.org/W3026900255", "https://openalex.org/W3027977671", "https://openalex.org/W3032265442", "https://openalex.org/W3036054806", "https://openalex.org/W3036766775", "https://openalex.org/W3039469286", "https://openalex.org/W3042226836", "https://openalex.org/W3043984268", "https://openalex.org/W3044605555", "https://openalex.org/W3045996770", "https://openalex.org/W3048008346", "https://openalex.org/W3061102166", "https://openalex.org/W3080117085", "https://openalex.org/W3083403433", "https://openalex.org/W3087788105", "https://openalex.org/W3088359032", "https://openalex.org/W3090300247", "https://openalex.org/W3092000966", "https://openalex.org/W3092675651", "https://openalex.org/W3094520935", "https://openalex.org/W3098207268", "https://openalex.org/W3118779786", "https://openalex.org/W3128089272", "https://openalex.org/W3143569680", "https://openalex.org/W3165720345", "https://openalex.org/W4236443795", "https://openalex.org/W4239206548", "https://openalex.org/W4255100288", "https://openalex.org/W4255115788", "https://openalex.org/W4378803965", "https://openalex.org/W6654882533", "https://openalex.org/W6674075619", "https://openalex.org/W6678805600", "https://openalex.org/W6681928485", "https://openalex.org/W6774679654", "https://openalex.org/W6775134978", "https://openalex.org/W6783821897", "https://openalex.org/W6811762123", "https://openalex.org/W6813823565", "https://openalex.org/W6820894892", "https://openalex.org/W6830845840", "https://openalex.org/W6901846203", "https://openalex.org/W6925501638", "https://openalex.org/W7073577927"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3108298832", "https://openalex.org/W299695548", "https://openalex.org/W2055939901", "https://openalex.org/W2018724029", "https://openalex.org/W2263931082", "https://openalex.org/W2551442495", "https://openalex.org/W2381456877", "https://openalex.org/W2361251952", "https://openalex.org/W145339873", "https://openalex.org/W2334746159"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0], "article": [1], "provides": [2], "an": [3, 30, 72, 102], "update": [4], "on": [5, 27], "the": [6, 11, 22, 66, 95, 237], "global": [7, 177, 254], "cancer": [8, 16, 35, 47, 60, 64, 93, 99, 178, 240, 246, 255], "burden": [9, 179], "using": [10], "GLOBOCAN": [12], "2020": [13], "estimates": [14], "of": [15, 98, 239, 245], "incidence": [17, 122], "and": [18, 43, 88, 116, 143, 152, 169, 226, 243], "mortality": [19, 138], "produced": [20], "by": [21, 80, 109, 219], "International": [23], "Agency": [24], "for": [25, 134, 141, 145, 149, 236, 253], "Research": [26], "Cancer.": [28], "Worldwide,": [29], "estimated": [31, 73, 103], "19.3": [32], "million": [33, 38, 46, 50, 75, 105, 185], "new": [34, 76], "cases": [36, 77, 186], "(18.1": [37], "excluding": [39, 51], "nonmelanoma": [40, 52], "skin": [41, 53], "cancer)": [42, 54], "almost": [44], "10.0": [45], "deaths": [48, 106], "(9.9": [49], "occurred": [55], "in": [56, 129, 159, 187, 198, 248], "2020.": [57], "Female": [58], "breast": [59, 118, 151], "has": [61], "surpassed": [62], "lung": [63, 81], "as": [65], "most": [67], "commonly": [68], "diagnosed": [69], "cancer,": [70], "with": [71, 101, 194, 224], "2.3": [74], "(11.7%),": [78], "followed": [79, 108], "(11.4%),": [82], "colorectal": [83, 110], "(10.0": [84], "%),": [85], "prostate": [86], "(7.3%),": [87], "stomach": [89, 114], "(5.6%)": [90], "cancers.": [91, 120], "Lung": [92], "remained": [94], "leading": [96], "cause": [97], "death,": [100], "1.8": [104], "(18%),": [107], "(9.4%),": [111], "liver": [112], "(8.3%),": [113], "(7.7%),": [115], "female": [117, 150], "(6.9%)": [119], "Overall": [121], "was": [123], "from": [124, 192], "2-fold": [125], "to": [126, 182, 201, 206, 210, 231], "3-fold": [127], "higher": [128, 158], "transitioned": [130, 162, 204], "versus": [131, 161, 203], "transitioning": [132, 160, 199, 249], "countries": [133, 163, 208, 250], "both": [135], "sexes,": [136], "whereas": [137], "varied": [139], "<2-fold": [140], "men": [142], "little": [144], "women.": [146], "Death": [147], "rates": [148], "cervical": [153], "cancers,": [154], "however,": [155], "were": [156], "considerably": [157], "(15.0": [164], "vs": [165, 171], "12.8": [166], "per": [167, 173], "100,000": [168], "12.4": [170], "5.2": [172], "100,000,": [174], "respectively).": [175], "The": [176], "is": [180, 251], "expected": [181], "be": [183, 216], "28.4": [184], "2040,": [188], "a": [189, 195, 227, 233], "47%": [190], "rise": [191], "2020,": [193], "larger": [196], "increase": [197], "(64%": [200], "95%)": [202], "(32%": [205], "56%)": [207], "due": [209], "demographic": [211], "changes,": [212], "although": [213], "this": [214], "may": [215], "further": [217], "exacerbated": [218], "increasing": [220], "risk": [221], "factors": [222], "associated": [223], "globalization": [225], "growing": [228], "economy.": [229], "Efforts": [230], "build": [232], "sustainable": [234], "infrastructure": [235], "dissemination": [238], "prevention": [241], "measures": [242], "provision": [244], "care": [247], "critical": [252], "control.": [256]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1855}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 17084}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 32413}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 29385}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 22900}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6883}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 28}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 4}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2110065044", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x", "title": "Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing", "display_name": "Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing", "publication_year": 1995, "publication_date": "1995-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2110065044", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x", "mag": "2110065044"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S145009937", "display_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology)", "issn_l": "1369-7412", "issn": ["1369-7412", "1467-9868"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062207756", "display_name": "Yoav Benjamini", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3253-7588"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I16391192", "display_name": "Tel Aviv University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04mhzgx49", "country_code": "IL", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}], "countries": ["IL"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yoav Benjamini", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Tel Aviv University , Israel"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Tel Aviv University , Israel", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111786816", "display_name": "Yosef Hochberg", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I16391192", "display_name": "Tel Aviv University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04mhzgx49", "country_code": "IL", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}], "countries": ["IL"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yosef Hochberg", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Tel Aviv University , Israel"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Tel Aviv University , Israel", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5062207756"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16391192"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 23.9666, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 106730, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99813084, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "57", "issue": "1", "first_page": "289", "last_page": "300"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11235", "display_name": "Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11235", "display_name": "Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11798", "display_name": "Optimal Experimental Design Methods", "score": 0.995199978351593, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10243", "display_name": "Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference", "score": 0.9678999781608582, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/false-discovery-rate", "display_name": "False discovery rate", "score": 0.9074951410293579}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-comparisons-problem", "display_name": "Multiple comparisons problem", "score": 0.7539578676223755}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate", "display_name": "Word error rate", "score": 0.6039060354232788}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5191837549209595}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing", "display_name": "Statistical hypothesis testing", "score": 0.5073124766349792}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.47650137543678284}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/control", "display_name": "Control (management)", "score": 0.4739791750907898}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.41976502537727356}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.22733160853385925}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C193244246", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432696", "display_name": "False discovery rate", "level": 3, "score": 0.9074951410293579}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C183905921", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038757", "display_name": "Multiple comparisons problem", "level": 2, "score": 0.7539578676223755}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C40969351", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228", "display_name": "Word error rate", "level": 2, "score": 0.6039060354232788}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5191837549209595}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C87007009", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832", "display_name": "Statistical hypothesis testing", "level": 2, "score": 0.5073124766349792}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.47650137543678284}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775924081", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371", "display_name": "Control (management)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4739791750907898}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.41976502537727356}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.22733160853385925}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S145009937", "display_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology)", "issn_l": "1369-7412", "issn": ["1369-7412", "1467-9868"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16", "display_name": "Peace, Justice and strong institutions", "score": 0.5899999737739563}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 18, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1976018371", "https://openalex.org/W1977833499", "https://openalex.org/W1997917263", "https://openalex.org/W2003972391", "https://openalex.org/W2036714085", "https://openalex.org/W2054264388", "https://openalex.org/W2063093012", "https://openalex.org/W2099107563", "https://openalex.org/W2103163020", "https://openalex.org/W2107115446", "https://openalex.org/W2115012618", "https://openalex.org/W2121044470", "https://openalex.org/W2123830992", "https://openalex.org/W2148483969", "https://openalex.org/W4205210034", "https://openalex.org/W4240455808", "https://openalex.org/W6644864867", "https://openalex.org/W6678230397"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W154531455", "https://openalex.org/W2088387197", "https://openalex.org/W1976797354", "https://openalex.org/W3174861742", "https://openalex.org/W1995992573", "https://openalex.org/W3008469829", "https://openalex.org/W2278145554", "https://openalex.org/W3000705684", "https://openalex.org/W4362507535", "https://openalex.org/W2058846847"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"SUMMARY": [0], "The": [1, 127], "common": [2], "approach": [3, 29], "to": [4, 30, 59, 105], "the": [5, 11, 42, 50, 60, 75, 78, 86, 107, 121, 130, 134, 137], "multiplicity": [6], "problem": [7], "calls": [8, 39], "for": [9, 40, 93, 111], "controlling": [10, 41], "familywise": [12], "error": [13, 55], "rate": [14, 56, 81, 110], "(FWER).": [15], "This": [16, 54], "approach,": [17], "though,": [18], "has": [19], "faults,": [20], "and": [21, 115, 133], "we": [22], "point": [23], "out": [24], "a": [25, 94, 116], "few.": [26], "A": [27, 98], "different": [28], "problems": [31, 73], "of": [32, 45, 77, 85, 129, 136], "multiple": [33], "significance": [34], "testing": [35], "is": [36, 57, 68, 88, 91, 103, 125], "presented.": [37], "It": [38], "expected": [43], "proportion": [44], "falsely": [46], "rejected": [47], "hypotheses": [48, 64], "\u2014": [49], "false": [51, 79, 108], "discovery": [52, 80, 109], "rate.": [53], "equivalent": [58], "FWER": [61, 87], "when": [62], "all": [63], "are": [65, 139], "true": [66], "but": [67], "smaller": [69], "otherwise.": [70], "Therefore,": [71], "in": [72, 96, 123], "where": [74], "control": [76, 106], "rather": [82], "than": [83], "that": [84, 120], "desired,": [89], "there": [90], "potential": [92], "gain": [95, 122], "power.": [97], "simple": [99], "sequential": [100], "Bonferronitype": [101], "procedure": [102, 132], "proved": [104], "independent": [112], "test": [113], "statistics,": [114], "simulation": [117], "study": [118], "shows": [119], "power": [124], "substantial.": [126], "use": [128], "new": [131], "appropriateness": [135], "criterion": [138], "illustrated": [140], "with": [141], "examples.": [142]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2129}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 8256}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 8636}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 7968}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 8375}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 9720}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 8993}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 7535}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 6459}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 5818}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 5158}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 4578}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3984}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3504}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3106}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2071666535", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118", "title": "Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives", "display_name": "Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives", "publication_year": 1999, "publication_date": "1999-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2071666535", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118", "mag": "2071666535"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1080/10705519909540118", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S78020522", "display_name": "Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal", "issn_l": "1070-5511", "issn": ["1070-5511", "1532-8007"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320547", "host_organization_name": "Taylor & Francis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Taylor & Francis"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045479885", "display_name": "Li\u2010tze Hu", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I185103710", "display_name": "University of California, Santa Cruz", "ror": "https://ror.org/03s65by71", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Li\u2010tze Hu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Psychology , University of California , Santa Cruz, CA, 95064"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Psychology , University of California , Santa Cruz, CA, 95064", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065916093", "display_name": "Peter M. Bentler", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9440-721X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Peter M. Bentler", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Psychology , University of California , Los Angeles", "Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, (  )"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Psychology , University of California , Los Angeles", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, (  )", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5045479885"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I185103710"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 227.1268, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 102863, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99989529, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "6", "issue": "1", "first_page": "1", "last_page": "55"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10467", "display_name": "Psychometric Methodologies and Testing", "score": 0.9623000025749207, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10467", "display_name": "Psychometric Methodologies and Testing", "score": 0.9623000025749207, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cutoff", "display_name": "Cutoff", "score": 0.8783072233200073}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.7365268468856812}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.7251782417297363}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/index", "display_name": "Index (typography)", "score": 0.5634211301803589}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/population", "display_name": "Population", "score": 0.5241004228591919}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance", "display_name": "Covariance", "score": 0.509049117565155}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling", "display_name": "Structural equation modeling", "score": 0.4518548548221588}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics", "display_name": "Econometrics", "score": 0.36884719133377075}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/demography", "display_name": "Demography", "score": 0.08734703063964844}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.08720400929450989}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.07146230340003967}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778217198", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556977", "display_name": "Cutoff", "level": 2, "score": 0.8783072233200073}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.7365268468856812}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.7251782417297363}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777382242", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816", "display_name": "Index (typography)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5634211301803589}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603", "display_name": "Population", "level": 2, "score": 0.5241004228591919}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178650346", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984", "display_name": "Covariance", "level": 2, "score": 0.509049117565155}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71104824", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639", "display_name": "Structural equation modeling", "level": 2, "score": 0.4518548548221588}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039", "display_name": "Econometrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.36884719133377075}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149923435", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732", "display_name": "Demography", "level": 1, "score": 0.08734703063964844}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.08720400929450989}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.07146230340003967}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1080/10705519909540118", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S78020522", "display_name": "Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal", "issn_l": "1070-5511", "issn": ["1070-5511", "1532-8007"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320547", "host_organization_name": "Taylor & Francis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Taylor & Francis"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 55, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W7600810", "https://openalex.org/W143399821", "https://openalex.org/W1967694172", "https://openalex.org/W1968524945", "https://openalex.org/W1971410477", "https://openalex.org/W1972018933", "https://openalex.org/W1972135487", "https://openalex.org/W1983098731", "https://openalex.org/W1989653554", "https://openalex.org/W1992193527", "https://openalex.org/W1994263489", "https://openalex.org/W1999821292", "https://openalex.org/W2004288406", "https://openalex.org/W2005092827", "https://openalex.org/W2006779932", "https://openalex.org/W2008844726", "https://openalex.org/W2011267414", "https://openalex.org/W2013763545", "https://openalex.org/W2014543370", "https://openalex.org/W2016097394", "https://openalex.org/W2018201949", "https://openalex.org/W2020661211", "https://openalex.org/W2023172395", "https://openalex.org/W2024233657", "https://openalex.org/W2024934382", "https://openalex.org/W2029625543", "https://openalex.org/W2030741364", "https://openalex.org/W2039930643", "https://openalex.org/W2041717909", "https://openalex.org/W2046805344", "https://openalex.org/W2048630522", "https://openalex.org/W2056434135", "https://openalex.org/W2057237814", "https://openalex.org/W2058785210", "https://openalex.org/W2065592277", "https://openalex.org/W2068710999", "https://openalex.org/W2077835263", "https://openalex.org/W2078977693", "https://openalex.org/W2082884067", "https://openalex.org/W2094817277", "https://openalex.org/W2118769530", "https://openalex.org/W2134032292", "https://openalex.org/W2147697289", "https://openalex.org/W2149608872", "https://openalex.org/W2163988453", "https://openalex.org/W2317982673", "https://openalex.org/W2324188776", "https://openalex.org/W2941647715", "https://openalex.org/W3081347883", "https://openalex.org/W4230543970", "https://openalex.org/W4231310240", "https://openalex.org/W4237377395", "https://openalex.org/W4252788673", "https://openalex.org/W4254761125", "https://openalex.org/W4299927410"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3092388660", "https://openalex.org/W2303173273", "https://openalex.org/W2024934382", "https://openalex.org/W2513767888", "https://openalex.org/W1971798297", "https://openalex.org/W1986953345", "https://openalex.org/W3147308590", "https://openalex.org/W3175879137", "https://openalex.org/W1528049813", "https://openalex.org/W2634874339"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0], "article": [1], "examines": [2], "the": [3, 6, 36, 93, 134, 190, 194, 198, 218, 222], "adequacy": [4], "of": [5, 8, 78, 83, 89, 111, 208, 211], "\u201crules": [7], "thumb\u201d": [9], "conventional": [10], "cutoff": [11, 84, 90, 138, 152, 160, 169, 220], "criteria": [12, 91], "and": [13, 46, 96, 113, 123, 148, 167, 193, 213, 226, 237], "several": [14], "new": [15], "alternatives": [16], "for": [17, 92, 108, 133, 143, 157, 165, 174], "various": [18, 81, 109, 209], "fit": [19, 25, 100, 188], "indexes": [20], "used": [21, 103], "to": [22, 104, 141, 155, 163, 172, 204, 229], "evaluate": [23], "model": [24, 192], "in": [26], "practice.": [27], "Using": [28], "a": [29, 97, 137, 151, 159, 168, 185], "2\u2010index": [30, 199], "presentation": [31, 200], "strategy,": [32], "which": [33], "includes": [34], "using": [35, 217], "maximum": [37], "likelihood": [38], "(ML)\u2010based": [39], "standardized": [40], "root": [41, 74], "mean": [42, 75], "squared": [43, 76], "residual": [44], "(SRMR)": [45], "supplementing": [47], "it": [48], "with": [49, 119, 125], "either": [50], "Tucker\u2010Lewis": [51], "Index": [52, 57, 61, 65, 71], "(TLI),": [53], "Bollen's": [54], "(1989)": [55], "Fit": [56, 64], "(BL89),": [58], "Relative": [59], "Noncentrality": [60], "(RNI),": [62], "Comparative": [63], "(CFI),": [66], "Gamma": [67, 149], "Hat,": [68], "McDonald's": [69], "Centrality": [70], "(Mc),": [72], "or": [73], "error": [77], "approximation": [79], "(RMSEA),": [80], "combinations": [82], "values": [85], "from": [86], "selected": [87], "ranges": [88], "ML\u2010based": [94, 223], "SRMR": [95], "given": [98], "supplemental": [99], "index": [101], "were": [102], "calculate": [105], "rejection": [106], "rates": [107], "types": [110, 210], "true\u2010population": [112, 212, 231], "misspecified": [114, 120, 126, 214], "models;": [115], "that": [116, 182], "is,": [117], "models": [118, 124, 232], "factor": [121, 127], "covariance(s)": [122], "loading(s).": [128], "The": [129], "results": [130], "suggest": [131], "that,": [132], "ML": [135], "method,": [136], "value": [139, 153, 161, 170], "close": [140, 154, 162, 171], ".95": [142], "TLI,": [144, 224], "BL89,": [145], "CFI,": [146], "RNI,": [147], "Hat;": [150], ".90": [156], "Mc;": [158], ".08": [164], "SRMR;": [166], ".06": [173], "RMSEA": [175, 227], "are": [176, 239], "needed": [177], "before": [178], "we": [179], "can": [180], "conclude": [181], "there": [183], "is": [184, 202, 245], "relatively": [186], "good": [187], "between": [189], "hypothesized": [191], "observed": [195], "data.": [196], "Furthermore,": [197], "strategy": [201], "required": [203], "reject": [205], "reasonable": [206], "proportions": [207], "models.": [215], "Finally,": [216], "proposed": [219], "criteria,": [221], "Mc,": [225], "tend": [228], "overreject": [230], "at": [233], "small": [234], "sample": [235, 243], "size": [236, 244], "thus": [238], "less": [240], "preferable": [241], "when": [242], "small.": [246]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2720}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 10219}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 9400}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 8757}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 9038}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 8526}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 7097}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 6158}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 5608}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4945}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 4551}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 4409}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3919}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3353}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2804}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2143981217", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.464913", "title": "Density-functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange", "display_name": "Density-functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange", "publication_year": 1993, "publication_date": "1993-04-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2143981217", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.464913", "mag": "2143981217"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1063/1.464913", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.464913", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S77047749", "display_name": "The Journal of Chemical Physics", "issn_l": "0021-9606", "issn": ["0021-9606", "1089-7690", "1520-9032"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of Chemical Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015077264", "display_name": "Axel D. Becke", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6668-7728"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204722609", "display_name": "Queen's University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02y72wh86", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Axel D. Becke", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6", "Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5015077264"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204722609"], "apc_list": {"value": 3500, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3500}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 125.8289, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 101653, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "98", "issue": "7", "first_page": "5648", "last_page": "5652"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11177", "display_name": "Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11825", "display_name": "Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions", "score": 0.9977999925613403, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1503", "display_name": "Catalysis"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/15", "display_name": "Chemical Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thermochemistry", "display_name": "Thermochemistry", "score": 0.8942599892616272}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/density-functional-theory", "display_name": "Density functional theory", "score": 0.758276104927063}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.5893286466598511}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-functional", "display_name": "Hybrid functional", "score": 0.5475420355796814}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ionization", "display_name": "Ionization", "score": 0.48319995403289795}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/orbital-free-density-functional-theory", "display_name": "Orbital-free density functional theory", "score": 0.4678778350353241}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-density", "display_name": "Spin density", "score": 0.4442426562309265}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/proton", "display_name": "Proton", "score": 0.44354769587516785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-physics", "display_name": "Atomic physics", "score": 0.4417962431907654}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/local-density-approximation", "display_name": "Local-density approximation", "score": 0.42284277081489563}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.3276504874229431}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-chemistry", "display_name": "Computational chemistry", "score": 0.3115338385105133}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.2499387562274933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-chemistry", "display_name": "Physical chemistry", "score": 0.2296617329120636}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ion", "display_name": "Ion", "score": 0.18508994579315186}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "score": 0.15833604335784912}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C29563950", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183410", "display_name": "Thermochemistry", "level": 2, "score": 0.8942599892616272}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C152365726", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048589", "display_name": "Density functional theory", "level": 2, "score": 0.758276104927063}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.5893286466598511}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C22693506", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3075290", "display_name": "Hybrid functional", "level": 3, "score": 0.5475420355796814}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C198291218", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190382", "display_name": "Ionization", "level": 3, "score": 0.48319995403289795}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104970782", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100054", "display_name": "Orbital-free density functional theory", "level": 4, "score": 0.4678778350353241}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3018272316", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905186", "display_name": "Spin density", "level": 2, "score": 0.4442426562309265}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54516573", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294", "display_name": "Proton", "level": 2, "score": 0.44354769587516785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C184779094", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383", "display_name": "Atomic physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4417962431907654}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C9249130", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898241", "display_name": "Local-density approximation", "level": 3, "score": 0.42284277081489563}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.3276504874229431}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147597530", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472", "display_name": "Computational chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.3115338385105133}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.2499387562274933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147789679", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372", "display_name": "Physical chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.2296617329120636}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C145148216", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496", "display_name": "Ion", "level": 2, "score": 0.18508994579315186}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.15833604335784912}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1063/1.464913", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.464913", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S77047749", "display_name": "The Journal of Chemical Physics", "issn_l": "0021-9606", "issn": ["0021-9606", "1089-7690", "1520-9032"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of Chemical Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7", "display_name": "Affordable and clean energy", "score": 0.6399999856948853}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 20, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1550061415", "https://openalex.org/W1840376913", "https://openalex.org/W1970549136", "https://openalex.org/W1971755381", "https://openalex.org/W1982356449", "https://openalex.org/W1997785740", "https://openalex.org/W1998866028", "https://openalex.org/W1999169267", "https://openalex.org/W2000576171", "https://openalex.org/W2004333877", "https://openalex.org/W2005266756", "https://openalex.org/W2012982996", "https://openalex.org/W2036330668", "https://openalex.org/W2043858812", "https://openalex.org/W2049079467", "https://openalex.org/W2086957099", "https://openalex.org/W2149798520", "https://openalex.org/W2151133474", "https://openalex.org/W3206606417", "https://openalex.org/W4242538166"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2528332133", "https://openalex.org/W2013145433", "https://openalex.org/W2093898784", "https://openalex.org/W2479582286", "https://openalex.org/W2167697306", "https://openalex.org/W4299354273", "https://openalex.org/W2054673704", "https://openalex.org/W2974947990", "https://openalex.org/W2143981217", "https://openalex.org/W1979026065"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Despite": [0], "the": [1], "remarkable": [2], "thermochemical": [3], "accuracy": [4], "of": [5, 73, 102], "Kohn\u2013Sham": [6], "density-functional": [7], "theories": [8], "with": [9, 86, 95], "gradient": [10, 87], "corrections": [11, 88], "for": [12, 15], "exchange-correlation": [13, 48], "[see,": [14], "example,": [16], "A.": [17], "D.": [18], "Becke,": [19], "J.": [20], "Chem.": [21], "Phys.": [22], "96,": [23], "2155": [24], "(1992)],": [25], "we": [26], "believe": [27], "that": [28], "further": [29], "improvements": [30], "are": [31, 43], "unlikely": [32], "unless": [33], "exact-exchange": [34, 54], "information": [35], "is": [36, 56], "considered.": [37], "Arguments": [38], "to": [39], "support": [40], "this": [41], "view": [42], "presented,": [44], "and": [45, 53, 68, 75, 90], "a": [46], "semiempirical": [47], "functional": [49, 79], "containing": [50], "local-spin-density,": [51], "gradient,": [52], "terms": [55], "tested": [57], "on": [58], "56": [59], "atomization": [60, 93], "energies,": [61], "42": [62], "ionization": [63], "potentials,": [64], "8": [65], "proton": [66], "affinities,": [67], "10": [69], "total": [70], "atomic": [71], "energies": [72, 94], "first-": [74], "second-row": [76], "systems.": [77], "This": [78], "performs": [80], "significantly": [81], "better": [82], "than": [83], "previous": [84], "functionals": [85], "only,": [89], "fits": [91], "experimental": [92], "an": [96], "impressively": [97], "small": [98], "average": [99], "absolute": [100], "deviation": [101], "2.4": [103], "kcal/mol.": [104]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1121}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4489}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 4511}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4512}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4398}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4639}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4729}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4671}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4572}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4772}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 4789}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 4647}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 4824}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 4528}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 4524}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2023271753", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.37.785", "title": "Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density", "display_name": "Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density", "publication_year": 1988, "publication_date": "1988-01-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2023271753", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.37.785", "mag": "2023271753", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9944570"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.37.785", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.37.785", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174675", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "issn_l": "0163-1829", "issn": ["0163-1829", "1095-3795"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5049788468", "display_name": "Chengteh Lee", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I114027177", "display_name": "University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill", "ror": "https://ror.org/0130frc33", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Chengteh Lee", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5019365851", "display_name": "Weitao Yang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-2828"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I114027177", "display_name": "University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill", "ror": "https://ror.org/0130frc33", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Weitao Yang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009013437", "display_name": "Robert G. Parr", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I114027177", "display_name": "University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill", "ror": "https://ror.org/0130frc33", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Robert G. Parr", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5049788468"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114027177"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 8.2436, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 99087, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.98548285, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "37", "issue": "2", "first_page": "785", "last_page": "789"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10523", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11177", "display_name": "Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies", "score": 0.9976000189781189, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/kinetic-energy", "display_name": "Kinetic energy", "score": 0.7244360446929932}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/density-matrix", "display_name": "Density matrix", "score": 0.5722514986991882}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-correlation", "display_name": "Electronic correlation", "score": 0.5434390306472778}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.5095572471618652}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/energy", "display_name": "Energy (signal processing)", "score": 0.469513863325119}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-density", "display_name": "Electron density", "score": 0.465654194355011}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-physics", "display_name": "Atomic physics", "score": 0.46330955624580383}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hartree\u2013fock-method", "display_name": "Hartree\u2013Fock method", "score": 0.4312880337238312}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/potential-energy", "display_name": "Potential energy", "score": 0.4194391667842865}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electron", "display_name": "Electron", "score": 0.37187790870666504}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.3163377344608307}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum", "display_name": "Quantum", "score": 0.10787531733512878}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C135889238", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46276", "display_name": "Kinetic energy", "level": 2, "score": 0.7244360446929932}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C56911000", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831774", "display_name": "Density matrix", "level": 3, "score": 0.5722514986991882}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C35052450", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2733663", "display_name": "Electronic correlation", "level": 3, "score": 0.5434390306472778}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.5095572471618652}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C186370098", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787", "display_name": "Energy (signal processing)", "level": 2, "score": 0.469513863325119}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C125485243", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905186", "display_name": "Electron density", "level": 3, "score": 0.465654194355011}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C184779094", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383", "display_name": "Atomic physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.46330955624580383}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C113630233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7879841", "display_name": "Hartree\u2013Fock method", "level": 2, "score": 0.4312880337238312}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C84551667", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155640", "display_name": "Potential energy", "level": 2, "score": 0.4194391667842865}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147120987", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225", "display_name": "Electron", "level": 2, "score": 0.37187790870666504}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3163377344608307}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C84114770", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344", "display_name": "Quantum", "level": 2, "score": 0.10787531733512878}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.37.785", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.37.785", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174675", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "issn_l": "0163-1829", "issn": ["0163-1829", "1095-3795"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:9944570", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9944570", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7", "display_name": "Affordable and clean energy", "score": 0.8999999761581421}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 10, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1624531027", "https://openalex.org/W1964611365", "https://openalex.org/W1998015449", "https://openalex.org/W1999478965", "https://openalex.org/W2001434363", "https://openalex.org/W2006001940", "https://openalex.org/W2018622673", "https://openalex.org/W2020463519", "https://openalex.org/W2030687437", "https://openalex.org/W2160338282"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1990058716", "https://openalex.org/W2068492597", "https://openalex.org/W1987725348", "https://openalex.org/W2744631406", "https://openalex.org/W1966487078", "https://openalex.org/W72890892", "https://openalex.org/W1991887739", "https://openalex.org/W2361462359", "https://openalex.org/W2118416871", "https://openalex.org/W1996705268"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"A": [0], "correlation-energy": [1], "formula": [2, 41], "due": [3], "to": [4], "Colle": [5], "and": [6, 28, 45, 65, 81, 86], "Salvetti": [7], "[Theor.": [8], "Chim.": [9], "Acta": [10], "37,": [11], "329": [12], "(1975)],": [13], "in": [14, 22], "which": [15], "the": [16, 25, 32, 43, 55, 62, 96], "correlation": [17, 63, 66, 101], "energy": [18, 64], "density": [19, 27, 35, 44], "is": [20, 37, 90], "expressed": [21], "terms": [23], "of": [24, 31, 51, 77, 83], "electron": [26], "a": [29, 40, 75, 104], "Laplacian": [30], "second-order": [33], "Hartree-Fock": [34], "matrix,": [36], "restated": [38], "as": [39], "involving": [42], "local": [46, 56], "kinetic-energy": [47, 57], "density.": [48], "On": [49], "insertion": [50], "gradient": [52], "expansions": [53], "for": [54, 61], "density,": [58], "density-functional": [59], "formulas": [60], "potential": [67], "are": [68], "then": [69], "obtained.": [70], "Through": [71], "numerical": [72], "calculations": [73], "on": [74], "number": [76], "atoms,": [78], "positive": [79], "ions,": [80], "molecules,": [82], "both": [84], "open-": [85], "closed-shell": [87], "type,": [88], "it": [89], "demonstrated": [91], "that": [92], "these": [93], "formulas,": [94, 99], "like": [95], "original": [97], "Colle-Salvetti": [98], "give": [100], "energies": [102], "within": [103], "few": [105], "percent.": [106]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1041}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4447}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 4583}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4599}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4522}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4767}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4771}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4446}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4453}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4591}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 4599}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 4482}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 4661}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 4429}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 4405}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2179438025", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8", "title": "Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2", "display_name": "Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2", "publication_year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-12-05", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2179438025", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8", "mag": "2179438025", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25516281"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8", "pdf_url": "https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S81160022", "display_name": "Genome biology", "issn_l": "1474-7596", "issn": ["1474-7596", "1474-760X"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320256", "host_organization_name": "BioMed Central", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320256", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["BioMed Central", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Genome Biology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5049770701", "display_name": "Michael I. Love", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8401-0545"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210117453", "display_name": "Dana-Farber Cancer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jzgtq86", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Michael I Love", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, 02215, MA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, 02215, MA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029601108", "display_name": "Wolfgang Huber", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0474-2218"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138560", "display_name": "European Molecular Biology Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/03mstc592", "country_code": "DE", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138560"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wolfgang Huber", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany", "Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138560"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138560"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022280742", "display_name": "Simon Anders", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4868-1805"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138560", "display_name": "European Molecular Biology Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/03mstc592", "country_code": "DE", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138560"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Simon Anders", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany", "Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138560"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138560"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5049770701"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"], "apc_list": {"value": 4090, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 5030}, "apc_paid": {"value": 4090, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 5030}, "fwci": 436.7199, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 97427, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "15", "issue": "12", "first_page": "550", "last_page": "550"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10515", "display_name": "Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research", "score": 0.9969000220298767, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1306", "display_name": "Cancer Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10515", "display_name": "Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research", "score": 0.9969000220298767, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1306", "display_name": "Cancer Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11482", "display_name": "RNA modifications and cancer", "score": 0.9969000220298767, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10604", "display_name": "RNA Research and Splicing", "score": 0.9954000115394592, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.7535013556480408}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.5058188438415527}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-biology", "display_name": "Genome Biology", "score": 0.44937777519226074}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/rna-seq", "display_name": "RNA-Seq", "score": 0.4489422142505646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genomics", "display_name": "Genomics", "score": 0.3402111530303955}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "score": 0.32619136571884155}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.3195399045944214}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/transcriptome", "display_name": "Transcriptome", "score": 0.20087623596191406}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genome", "display_name": "Genome", "score": 0.15425118803977966}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.09707024693489075}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.7535013556480408}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5058188438415527}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C64015301", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5533480", "display_name": "Genome Biology", "level": 5, "score": 0.44937777519226074}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107397762", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2542347", "display_name": "RNA-Seq", "level": 5, "score": 0.4489422142505646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C189206191", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046", "display_name": "Genomics", "level": 4, "score": 0.3402111530303955}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.32619136571884155}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3195399045944214}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162317418", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857", "display_name": "Transcriptome", "level": 4, "score": 0.20087623596191406}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C141231307", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020", "display_name": "Genome", "level": 3, "score": 0.15425118803977966}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.09707024693489075}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C150194340", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972", "display_name": "Gene expression", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008957", "descriptor_name": "Models, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008957", "descriptor_name": "Models, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008957", "descriptor_name": "Models, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012313", "descriptor_name": "RNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012313", "descriptor_name": "RNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012313", "descriptor_name": "RNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017423", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, RNA", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017423", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, RNA", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017423", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, RNA", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059014", "descriptor_name": "High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059014", "descriptor_name": "High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059014", "descriptor_name": "High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8", "pdf_url": "https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S81160022", "display_name": "Genome biology", "issn_l": "1474-7596", "issn": ["1474-7596", "1474-760X"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320256", "host_organization_name": "BioMed Central", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320256", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["BioMed Central", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Genome Biology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:25516281", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25516281", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Genome biology", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/14065371", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14065371", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401540", "display_name": "Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I136199984", "host_organization_name": "Harvard University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Journal Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3282292", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4302049", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_2110179", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0025-0992-5", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400654", "display_name": "MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I149899117", "host_organization_name": "Max Planck Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Genome Biology", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8", "pdf_url": "https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S81160022", "display_name": "Genome biology", "issn_l": "1474-7596", "issn": ["1474-7596", "1474-760X"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320256", "host_organization_name": "BioMed Central", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320256", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["BioMed Central", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Genome Biology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G5541357959", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "7th Framework Programme", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320300", "funder_display_name": "European Commission"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G645663373", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "7th Framework", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320300", "funder_display_name": "European Commission"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7549188579", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "T32CA009337", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "funder_display_name": "National Institutes of Health"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320317967", "display_name": "International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320300", "display_name": "European Commission", "ror": "https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2179438025.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 69, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1959492", "https://openalex.org/W1490229695", "https://openalex.org/W1528905581", "https://openalex.org/W1545338101", "https://openalex.org/W1554944419", "https://openalex.org/W1969811075", "https://openalex.org/W1982873976", "https://openalex.org/W1989367702", "https://openalex.org/W1995017987", "https://openalex.org/W1996984681", "https://openalex.org/W1998613841", "https://openalex.org/W2002354456", "https://openalex.org/W2004014148", "https://openalex.org/W2027455260", "https://openalex.org/W2030764127", "https://openalex.org/W2058358568", "https://openalex.org/W2070228064", "https://openalex.org/W2072602203", "https://openalex.org/W2081098333", "https://openalex.org/W2097360283", "https://openalex.org/W2097860373", "https://openalex.org/W2098734857", "https://openalex.org/W2102601764", "https://openalex.org/W2105793531", "https://openalex.org/W2106319366", "https://openalex.org/W2109288169", "https://openalex.org/W2110017531", "https://openalex.org/W2110065044", "https://openalex.org/W2112058982", "https://openalex.org/W2114104545", "https://openalex.org/W2114710393", "https://openalex.org/W2118428599", "https://openalex.org/W2119204091", "https://openalex.org/W2120062331", "https://openalex.org/W2122598723", "https://openalex.org/W2124097252", "https://openalex.org/W2125676688", "https://openalex.org/W2126398084", "https://openalex.org/W2130116522", "https://openalex.org/W2130301347", "https://openalex.org/W2131478115", "https://openalex.org/W2134526812", "https://openalex.org/W2137526110", "https://openalex.org/W2138207763", "https://openalex.org/W2140729960", "https://openalex.org/W2141009231", "https://openalex.org/W2141425631", "https://openalex.org/W2145147745", "https://openalex.org/W2145416275", "https://openalex.org/W2146614932", "https://openalex.org/W2148167644", "https://openalex.org/W2152239989", "https://openalex.org/W2152645648", "https://openalex.org/W2155826575", "https://openalex.org/W2155839154", "https://openalex.org/W2160697532", "https://openalex.org/W2161790708", "https://openalex.org/W2166820820", "https://openalex.org/W2168342464", "https://openalex.org/W2169088065", "https://openalex.org/W2170219300", "https://openalex.org/W2787894218", "https://openalex.org/W3103302162", "https://openalex.org/W4231356616", "https://openalex.org/W4234731922", "https://openalex.org/W4235169531", "https://openalex.org/W4294541781", "https://openalex.org/W4302067479", "https://openalex.org/W4388322985"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2942849560", "https://openalex.org/W2059168328", "https://openalex.org/W2385787406", "https://openalex.org/W2053972265", "https://openalex.org/W2099543256", "https://openalex.org/W2300373009", "https://openalex.org/W185100777", "https://openalex.org/W2266194722", "https://openalex.org/W2365466262", "https://openalex.org/W2129068887"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"In": [0], "comparative": [1], "high-throughput": [2], "sequencing": [3], "assays,": [4], "a": [5, 43, 50, 75], "fundamental": [6], "task": [7], "is": [8, 94], "the": [9, 38, 81, 85], "analysis": [10, 54, 78], "of": [11, 24, 40, 55, 71, 88], "count": [12, 56], "data,": [13, 57], "such": [14], "as": [15], "read": [16], "counts": [17], "per": [18], "gene": [19], "in": [20], "RNA-seq,": [21], "for": [22, 52, 61], "evidence": [23], "systematic": [25], "changes": [26, 65], "across": [27], "experimental": [28], "conditions.": [29], "Small": [30], "replicate": [31], "numbers,": [32], "discreteness,": [33], "large": [34], "dynamic": [35], "range": [36], "and": [37, 63, 69], "presence": [39, 87], "outliers": [41], "require": [42], "suitable": [44], "statistical": [45], "approach.": [46], "We": [47], "present": [48], "DESeq2,": [49], "method": [51], "differential": [53, 89], "using": [58], "shrinkage": [59], "estimation": [60], "dispersions": [62], "fold": [64], "to": [66], "improve": [67], "stability": [68], "interpretability": [70], "estimates.": [72], "This": [73], "enables": [74], "more": [76], "quantitative": [77], "focused": [79], "on": [80], "strength": [82], "rather": [83], "than": [84], "mere": [86], "expression.": [90], "The": [91], "DESeq2": [92], "package": [93], "available": [95], "at": [96], "http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/DESeq2.html": [97], "webcite.": [98]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 3437}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 15418}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 18230}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 14261}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 12922}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 11796}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 8359}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 5415}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3606}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2284}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1155}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 445}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 37}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2064675550", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735", "title": "Long Short-Term Memory", "display_name": "Long Short-Term Memory", "publication_year": 1997, "publication_date": "1997-11-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2064675550", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735", "mag": "2064675550", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9377276"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S207023548", "display_name": "Neural Computation", "issn_l": "0899-7667", "issn": ["0899-7667", "1530-888X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315718", "host_organization_name": "The MIT Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["The MIT Press"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Neural Computation", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5053148274", "display_name": "Sepp Hochreiter", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-2528"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I62916508", "display_name": "Technical University of Munich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02kkvpp62", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Sepp Hochreiter", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Informatik, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80290 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Informatik, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80290 M\u00fcnchen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071172037", "display_name": "J\u00fcrgen Schmidhuber", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2614128279", "display_name": "Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/013355g38", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I15196421", "https://openalex.org/I2614128279", "https://openalex.org/I57201433"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J\u00fcrgen Schmidhuber", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IDSIA, Corso Elvezia 36, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland", "IDSIA Corso Elvezia 36 6900 Lugano, Switzerland#TAB#"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IDSIA, Corso Elvezia 36, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2614128279"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IDSIA Corso Elvezia 36 6900 Lugano, Switzerland#TAB#", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2614128279"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5053148274"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I62916508"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 21.7356, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 95328, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99429926, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "9", "issue": "8", "first_page": "1735", "last_page": "1780"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.9715999960899353, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.9715999960899353, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11307", "display_name": "Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning", "score": 0.9226999878883362, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/term", "display_name": "Term (time)", "score": 0.6298137307167053}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/short-term-memory", "display_name": "Short-term memory", "score": 0.4886475205421448}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.41314831376075745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.3207841217517853}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.3027428686618805}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "score": 0.2080390453338623}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition", "display_name": "Cognition", "score": 0.18833708763122559}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory", "display_name": "Working memory", "score": 0.18085071444511414}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.14113420248031616}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C61797465", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986", "display_name": "Term (time)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6298137307167053}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C179226034", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18599", "display_name": "Short-term memory", "level": 4, "score": 0.4886475205421448}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.41314831376075745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.3207841217517853}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.3027428686618805}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.2080390453338623}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169900460", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417", "display_name": "Cognition", "level": 2, "score": 0.18833708763122559}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C21963081", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567", "display_name": "Working memory", "level": 3, "score": 0.18085071444511414}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.14113420248031616}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007858", "descriptor_name": "Learning", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007858", "descriptor_name": "Learning", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007858", "descriptor_name": "Learning", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007858", "descriptor_name": "Learning", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008568", "descriptor_name": "Memory", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008568", "descriptor_name": "Memory", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008570", "descriptor_name": "Memory, Short-Term", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008570", "descriptor_name": "Memory, Short-Term", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008959", "descriptor_name": "Models, Neurological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008959", "descriptor_name": "Models, Neurological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008959", "descriptor_name": "Models, Neurological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008959", "descriptor_name": "Models, Neurological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008960", "descriptor_name": "Models, Psychological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008960", "descriptor_name": "Models, Psychological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008960", "descriptor_name": "Models, Psychological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008960", "descriptor_name": "Models, Psychological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009415", "descriptor_name": "Nerve Net", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009415", "descriptor_name": "Nerve Net", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009415", "descriptor_name": "Nerve Net", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009415", "descriptor_name": "Nerve Net", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016571", "descriptor_name": "Neural Networks, Computer", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016571", "descriptor_name": "Neural Networks, Computer", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016571", "descriptor_name": "Neural Networks, Computer", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016571", "descriptor_name": "Neural Networks, Computer", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 7, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S207023548", "display_name": "Neural Computation", "issn_l": "0899-7667", "issn": ["0899-7667", "1530-888X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315718", "host_organization_name": "The MIT Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["The MIT Press"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Neural Computation", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:9377276", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9377276", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Neural computation", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.13.634", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.13.634", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://wwwbrauer.in.tum.de/fki-berichte/postscript/fki-207-95r.ps.gz", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.13.7178", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.13.7178", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://wwwbrauer.in.tum.de/fki-berichte/postscript/fki-207-95rev.ps.gz", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.45.3765", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.45.3765", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "ftp://ftp.idsia.ch/pub/juergen/fki-207-95.ps.gz", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.51.3117", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.51.3117", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://wwwbrauer.informatik.tu-muenchen.de/fki-berichte/postscript/fki-207-95.ps.gz", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.56.7752", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.56.7752", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "ftp://ftp.idsia.ch/pub/juergen/lstm.ps.gz", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320879", "display_name": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft", "ror": "https://ror.org/018mejw64"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 34, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W202296964", "https://openalex.org/W1674799117", "https://openalex.org/W1881179843", "https://openalex.org/W1963605035", "https://openalex.org/W1971129545", "https://openalex.org/W1971209221", "https://openalex.org/W1982291194", "https://openalex.org/W1984375561", "https://openalex.org/W2007431958", "https://openalex.org/W2036317923", "https://openalex.org/W2048060899", "https://openalex.org/W2057653135", "https://openalex.org/W2086756055", "https://openalex.org/W2103452139", "https://openalex.org/W2107878631", "https://openalex.org/W2111871983", "https://openalex.org/W2114471683", "https://openalex.org/W2118127772", "https://openalex.org/W2119216348", "https://openalex.org/W2121553911", "https://openalex.org/W2123716044", "https://openalex.org/W2128499899", "https://openalex.org/W2129831132", "https://openalex.org/W2131387845", "https://openalex.org/W2136939460", "https://openalex.org/W2143503258", "https://openalex.org/W2144001972", "https://openalex.org/W2146367896", "https://openalex.org/W2154890045", "https://openalex.org/W2156960699", "https://openalex.org/W2162704388", "https://openalex.org/W2165432985", "https://openalex.org/W2168934702", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W4391375266", "https://openalex.org/W1979597421", "https://openalex.org/W2007980826", "https://openalex.org/W2061531152", "https://openalex.org/W3002753104", "https://openalex.org/W2077600819", "https://openalex.org/W2142036596", "https://openalex.org/W4225519494"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Learning": [0], "to": [1, 59, 86, 91, 147], "store": [2], "information": [3], "over": [4], "extended": [5], "time": [6, 62, 107], "intervals": [7], "by": [8, 35, 70, 168], "recurrent": [9, 130, 136, 170], "backpropagation": [10], "takes": [11], "a": [12, 37], "very": [13], "long": [14, 43], "time,": [15, 135], "mostly": [16], "because": [17], "of": [18, 29, 66], "insufficient,": [19], "decaying": [20], "error": [21, 73, 77, 94], "backflow.": [22], "We": [23], "briefly": [24], "review": [25], "Hochreiter's": [26], "(1991)": [27], "analysis": [28], "this": [30, 51], "problem,": [31], "then": [32], "address": [33], "it": [34], "introducing": [36], "novel,": [38], "efficient,": [39], "gradient-based": [40], "method": [41], "called": [42], "short-term": [44], "memory": [45], "(LSTM).": [46], "Truncating": [47], "the": [48, 92], "gradient": [49], "where": [50], "does": [52], "not": [53], "do": [54], "harm,": [55], "LSTM": [56, 96, 145, 156], "can": [57], "learn": [58, 85], "bridge": [60], "minimal": [61], "lags": [63], "in": [64, 99], "excess": [65], "1000": [67], "discrete-time": [68], "steps": [69], "enforcing": [71], "constant": [72, 76, 93], "flow": [74], "through": [75, 134], "carousels": [78], "within": [79], "special": [80], "units.": [81], "Multiplicative": [82], "gate": [83], "units": [84], "open": [87], "and": [88, 101, 109, 122, 141, 152], "close": [89], "access": [90], "flow.": [95], "is": [97, 111], "local": [98], "space": [100], "time;": [102], "its": [103], "computational": [104], "complexity": [105], "per": [106], "step": [108], "weight": [110], "O(1).": [112], "Our": [113], "experiments": [114], "with": [115, 128], "artificial": [116, 160], "data": [117], "involve": [118], "local,": [119], "distributed,": [120], "real-valued,": [121], "noisy": [123], "pattern": [124], "representations.": [125], "In": [126], "comparisons": [127], "real-time": [129], "learning,": [131], "back": [132], "propagation": [133], "cascade": [137], "correlation,": [138], "Elman": [139], "nets,": [140], "neural": [142], "sequence": [143], "chunking,": [144], "leads": [146], "many": [148], "more": [149], "successful": [150], "runs,": [151], "learns": [153], "much": [154], "faster.": [155], "also": [157], "solves": [158], "complex,": [159], "long-time-lag": [161], "tasks": [162], "that": [163], "have": [164], "never": [165], "been": [166], "solved": [167], "previous": [169], "network": [171], "algorithms.": [172]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2554}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 12769}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 11913}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 11878}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 11185}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 12871}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 10949}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 9092}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 6019}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3240}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1584}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 549}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 141}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 78}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 78}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2055043387", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2836(05)80360-2", "title": "Basic local alignment search tool", "display_name": "Basic local alignment search tool", "publication_year": 1990, "publication_date": "1990-10-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2055043387", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2836(05)80360-2", "mag": "2055043387", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2231712"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(05)80360-2", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2836(05)80360-2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S46058472", "display_name": "Journal of Molecular Biology", "issn_l": "0022-2836", "issn": ["0022-2836", "1089-8638"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Molecular Biology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015061000", "display_name": "Stephen F. Altschul", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2120-9631"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299022934", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210109390", "display_name": "National Center for Biotechnology Information", "ror": "https://ror.org/02meqm098", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299022934", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "https://openalex.org/I2800548410", "https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Stephen F. Altschul", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894", "National Center for Biotechnology Information National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20894, U.S.A"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210109390", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "National Center for Biotechnology Information National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20894, U.S.A", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5019579037", "display_name": "Warren Gish", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Warren Gish", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Center for Biotechnology Information National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20894, U.S.A"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Center for Biotechnology Information National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20894, U.S.A", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5051340059", "display_name": "Webb Miller", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Webb Miller", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computer Science The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068657716", "display_name": "Eugene W. Myers", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-7839"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Eugene W. Myers", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computer Science University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U.S.A", "Department of Computer Science, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, U.S.A"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U.S.A", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, U.S.A", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056652131", "display_name": "David J. Lipman", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3443-2023"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David J. Lipman", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Center for Biotechnology Information National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20894, U.S.A"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Center for Biotechnology Information National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20894, U.S.A", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5015061000"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "https://openalex.org/I4210109390"], "apc_list": {"value": 4250, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4250}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 87.8762, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 93671, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.9999673, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "215", "issue": "3", "first_page": "403", "last_page": "410"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10521", "display_name": "RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms", "score": 0.9975000023841858, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10222", "display_name": "Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics", "score": 0.9857000112533569, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/alignment-free-sequence-analysis", "display_name": "Alignment-free sequence analysis", "score": 0.7551915645599365}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5991537570953369}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/smith\u2013waterman-algorithm", "display_name": "Smith\u2013Waterman algorithm", "score": 0.588484525680542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "score": 0.543747067451477}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sequence-alignment", "display_name": "Multiple sequence alignment", "score": 0.5304276943206787}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity", "display_name": "Similarity (geometry)", "score": 0.4943349361419678}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/measure", "display_name": "Measure (data warehouse)", "score": 0.4827646315097809}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility", "display_name": "Flexibility (engineering)", "score": 0.4800209105014801}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining", "display_name": "Data mining", "score": 0.46043816208839417}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-alignment", "display_name": "Sequence alignment", "score": 0.45266446471214294}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/similitude", "display_name": "Similitude", "score": 0.4398458003997803}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.40631458163261414}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.34090399742126465}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.3355039358139038}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.27403026819229126}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.1694972813129425}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.16894221305847168}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.16297605633735657}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.12998029589653015}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/peptide-sequence", "display_name": "Peptide sequence", "score": 0.07686671614646912}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C180384323", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16335137", "display_name": "Alignment-free sequence analysis", "level": 5, "score": 0.7551915645599365}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5991537570953369}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C72802188", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1683352", "display_name": "Smith\u2013Waterman algorithm", "level": 5, "score": 0.588484525680542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778112365", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.543747067451477}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C88031987", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377767", "display_name": "Multiple sequence alignment", "level": 5, "score": 0.5304276943206787}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C103278499", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465", "display_name": "Similarity (geometry)", "level": 3, "score": 0.4943349361419678}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780009758", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172", "display_name": "Measure (data warehouse)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4827646315097809}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780598303", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492", "display_name": "Flexibility (engineering)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4800209105014801}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.46043816208839417}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C45484198", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827246", "display_name": "Sequence alignment", "level": 4, "score": 0.45266446471214294}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C143271835", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254515", "display_name": "Similitude", "level": 2, "score": 0.4398458003997803}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.40631458163261414}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.34090399742126465}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3355039358139038}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.27403026819229126}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.1694972813129425}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.16894221305847168}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.16297605633735657}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.12998029589653015}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C167625842", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899763", "display_name": "Peptide sequence", "level": 3, "score": 0.07686671614646912}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115961682", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001483", "descriptor_name": "Base Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001483", "descriptor_name": "Base Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001483", "descriptor_name": "Base Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009154", "descriptor_name": "Mutation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009154", "descriptor_name": "Mutation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009154", "descriptor_name": "Mutation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012689", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012689", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012689", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(05)80360-2", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2836(05)80360-2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S46058472", "display_name": "Journal of Molecular Biology", "issn_l": "0022-2836", "issn": ["0022-2836", "1089-8638"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Molecular Biology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:2231712", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2231712", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of molecular biology", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 22, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1501264308", "https://openalex.org/W1501400124", "https://openalex.org/W1977618577", "https://openalex.org/W1982996449", "https://openalex.org/W1985618229", "https://openalex.org/W2008610661", "https://openalex.org/W2013368806", "https://openalex.org/W2015292449", "https://openalex.org/W2029195137", "https://openalex.org/W2046602549", "https://openalex.org/W2054698853", "https://openalex.org/W2060951907", "https://openalex.org/W2061768801", "https://openalex.org/W2074231493", "https://openalex.org/W2075773711", "https://openalex.org/W2094519647", "https://openalex.org/W2113580605", "https://openalex.org/W2254148595", "https://openalex.org/W2601913882", "https://openalex.org/W4236413252", "https://openalex.org/W4241051276", "https://openalex.org/W4302339081"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2051969447", "https://openalex.org/W1486249959", "https://openalex.org/W2948014085", "https://openalex.org/W4386770652", "https://openalex.org/W2468116983", "https://openalex.org/W2004215917", "https://openalex.org/W2885386129", "https://openalex.org/W2111937814", "https://openalex.org/W2141530749", "https://openalex.org/W2103737249"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1012}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4327}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 4953}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4107}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4194}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5272}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5007}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4165}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3817}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3524}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3538}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3525}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3528}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3330}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3057}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1970127494", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.17953", "title": "Projector augmented-wave method", "display_name": "Projector augmented-wave method", "publication_year": 1994, "publication_date": "1994-12-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1970127494", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.17953", "mag": "1970127494", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9976227"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.50.17953", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.17953", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174675", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "issn_l": "0163-1829", "issn": ["0163-1829", "1095-3795"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5030965628", "display_name": "Peter E. Bl\u00f6chl", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1416-5207"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210126328", "display_name": "IBM Research - Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02js37d36", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "P. E. Bl\u00f6chl", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "IBM Research Division, Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory CH 8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM Research Division, Z\u00fcrich Research Laboratory CH 8803 R\u00fcschlikon, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5030965628"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 14.2796, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 88668, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99633011, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "50", "issue": "24", "first_page": "17953", "last_page": "17979"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10523", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12044", "display_name": "Advanced Physical and Chemical Molecular Interactions", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1606", "display_name": "Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudopotential", "display_name": "Pseudopotential", "score": 0.8834716081619263}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/projector", "display_name": "Projector", "score": 0.7654976844787598}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/envelope", "display_name": "Envelope (radar)", "score": 0.6125158667564392}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/plane-wave", "display_name": "Plane wave", "score": 0.6018417477607727}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/separable-space", "display_name": "Separable space", "score": 0.5901359915733337}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-function", "display_name": "Wave function", "score": 0.5162099003791809}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.5134876370429993}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/function", "display_name": "Function (biology)", "score": 0.43546706438064575}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics", "display_name": "Classical mechanics", "score": 0.3304668068885803}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.32951730489730835}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis", "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "score": 0.2948931157588959}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.2096135914325714}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.17577242851257324}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.167877197265625}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C132378524", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769463", "display_name": "Pseudopotential", "level": 2, "score": 0.8834716081619263}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776865275", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311666", "display_name": "Projector", "level": 2, "score": 0.7654976844787598}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C65155139", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912", "display_name": "Envelope (radar)", "level": 3, "score": 0.6125158667564392}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C40308292", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122518", "display_name": "Plane wave", "level": 2, "score": 0.6018417477607727}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70710897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680081", "display_name": "Separable space", "level": 2, "score": 0.5901359915733337}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C113603373", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2362761", "display_name": "Wave function", "level": 2, "score": 0.5162099003791809}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.5134876370429993}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C14036430", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076", "display_name": "Function (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.43546706438064575}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C74650414", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397", "display_name": "Classical mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3304668068885803}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.32951730489730835}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754", "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "level": 1, "score": 0.2948931157588959}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.2096135914325714}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.17577242851257324}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.167877197265625}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C554190296", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528", "display_name": "Radar", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C76155785", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418", "display_name": "Telecommunications", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.50.17953", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.17953", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174675", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "issn_l": "0163-1829", "issn": ["0163-1829", "1095-3795"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:9976227", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9976227", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.241.8432", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.241.8432", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0201015v2.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.242.5520", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.242.5520", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0201015v1.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 61, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W562642092", "https://openalex.org/W1030224692", "https://openalex.org/W1641750576", "https://openalex.org/W1968545719", "https://openalex.org/W1968984139", "https://openalex.org/W1971821930", "https://openalex.org/W1985915253", "https://openalex.org/W1988347626", "https://openalex.org/W1992753351", "https://openalex.org/W1994260363", "https://openalex.org/W1997785740", "https://openalex.org/W2000649820", "https://openalex.org/W2005174827", "https://openalex.org/W2010785223", "https://openalex.org/W2014341412", "https://openalex.org/W2016759160", "https://openalex.org/W2017196167", "https://openalex.org/W2025430787", "https://openalex.org/W2026907619", "https://openalex.org/W2027530487", "https://openalex.org/W2029228724", "https://openalex.org/W2030976617", "https://openalex.org/W2032588197", "https://openalex.org/W2034273838", "https://openalex.org/W2036801653", "https://openalex.org/W2039626632", "https://openalex.org/W2039970342", "https://openalex.org/W2045162530", "https://openalex.org/W2045436111", "https://openalex.org/W2045596260", "https://openalex.org/W2046001409", "https://openalex.org/W2052637367", "https://openalex.org/W2055640329", "https://openalex.org/W2057056131", "https://openalex.org/W2058114759", "https://openalex.org/W2060310070", "https://openalex.org/W2068134289", "https://openalex.org/W2073146166", "https://openalex.org/W2076858582", "https://openalex.org/W2076968034", "https://openalex.org/W2077377413", "https://openalex.org/W2079309236", "https://openalex.org/W2083277947", "https://openalex.org/W2084216510", "https://openalex.org/W2087585288", "https://openalex.org/W2089986522", "https://openalex.org/W2090838661", "https://openalex.org/W2094508448", "https://openalex.org/W2106140689", "https://openalex.org/W2115878464", "https://openalex.org/W2120326715", "https://openalex.org/W2121431463", "https://openalex.org/W2145454068", "https://openalex.org/W2161203696", "https://openalex.org/W2230728100", "https://openalex.org/W2316373089", "https://openalex.org/W2323178299", "https://openalex.org/W2476895063", "https://openalex.org/W2495028175", "https://openalex.org/W4229766111", "https://openalex.org/W4250857793"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1996772244", "https://openalex.org/W2083946649", "https://openalex.org/W2078499856", "https://openalex.org/W3101105319", "https://openalex.org/W1987427602", "https://openalex.org/W2075918600", "https://openalex.org/W1998491691", "https://openalex.org/W1977682883", "https://openalex.org/W2004467788", "https://openalex.org/W1995205849"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"An": [0], "approach": [1, 39, 106], "for": [2], "electronic": [3], "structure": [4], "calculations": [5, 30], "is": [6, 72], "described": [7], "that": [8, 75], "generalizes": [9], "both": [10], "the": [11, 15, 35, 45, 65, 82, 85, 88, 98], "pseudopotential": [12, 105], "method": [13, 19, 25, 47], "and": [14, 42, 55, 61, 84], "linear": [16], "augmented-plane-wave": [17], "(LAPW)": [18], "in": [20, 74], "a": [21, 116], "natural": [22], "way.": [23], "The": [24, 69, 104], "allows": [26], "high-quality": [27], "first-principles": [28], "molecular-dynamics": [29], "to": [31, 52, 64], "be": [32, 50, 113], "performed": [33], "using": [34], "original": [36], "fictitious": [37], "Lagrangian": [38], "of": [40, 87], "Car": [41], "Parrinello.": [43], "Like": [44], "LAPW": [46], "it": [48], "can": [49, 112], "used": [51], "treat": [53], "first-row": [54], "transition-metal": [56], "elements": [57], "with": [58, 100], "affordable": [59], "effort": [60], "provides": [62], "access": [63], "full": [66], "wave": [67], "function.": [68], "augmentation": [70], "procedure": [71], "generalized": [73, 109], "partial-wave": [76], "expansions": [77], "are": [78], "not": [79], "determined": [80], "by": [81, 97, 115], "value": [83], "derivative": [86], "envelope": [89], "function": [90], "at": [91], "some": [92], "muffin-tin": [93], "radius,": [94], "but": [95], "rather": [96], "overlap": [99], "localized": [101], "projector": [102], "functions.": [103], "based": [107], "on": [108], "separable": [110], "pseudopotentials": [111], "regained": [114], "simple": [117], "approximation.": [118]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2531}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 9972}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 9235}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 8178}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 7893}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 7139}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 6286}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 5441}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4819}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4252}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3837}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3315}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2987}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2598}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2180}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2889646458", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492", "title": "Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries", "display_name": "Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries", "publication_year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-09-12", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2889646458", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492", "mag": "2889646458", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30207593"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3322/caac.21492", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21492", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S126094547", "display_name": "CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "issn_l": "0007-9235", "issn": ["0007-9235", "1542-4863"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "diamond", "oa_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21492", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5064215217", "display_name": "Freddie Bray", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3248-7787"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I42237331", "display_name": "Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer", "ror": "https://ror.org/00v452281", "country_code": "FR", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654", "https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Freddie Bray", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Head, Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France", "Head, Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Head, Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Head, Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5051830072", "display_name": "Jacques Ferlay", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-6932"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I42237331", "display_name": "Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer", "ror": "https://ror.org/00v452281", "country_code": "FR", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654", "https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jacques Ferlay", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Informatics Officer, Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France", "Informatics Officer, Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Informatics Officer, Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Informatics Officer, Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5057880586", "display_name": "Isabelle Soerjomataram", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6017-741X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I42237331", "display_name": "Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer", "ror": "https://ror.org/00v452281", "country_code": "FR", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654", "https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Isabelle Soerjomataram", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Deputy Head, Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France", "Deputy Head, Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Deputy Head, Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Deputy Head, Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5047300895", "display_name": "Rebecca L. Siegel", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5247-8522"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1288198617", "display_name": "American Cancer Society", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e463172", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Rebecca L. Siegel", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Scientific Director Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society Atlanta GA", "Scientific Director, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Scientific Director Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society Atlanta GA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Scientific Director, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110967014", "display_name": "Lindsey A. Torre", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1288198617", "display_name": "American Cancer Society", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e463172", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lindsey A. Torre", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society Atlanta GA", "Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society Atlanta GA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009198168", "display_name": "Ahmedin Jemal", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-4111"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1288198617", "display_name": "American Cancer Society", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e463172", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ahmedin Jemal", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Scientific Vice President Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society Atlanta GA", "Scientific Vice President, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Scientific Vice President Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society Atlanta GA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Scientific Vice President, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 6, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5064215217"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 4683.0294, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 87375, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "68", "issue": "6", "first_page": "394", "last_page": "424"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10556", "display_name": "Global Cancer Incidence and Screening", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2730", "display_name": "Oncology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10556", "display_name": "Global Cancer Incidence and Screening", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2730", "display_name": "Oncology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10552", "display_name": "Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection", "score": 0.9962999820709229, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2730", "display_name": "Oncology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12708", "display_name": "Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer", "score": 0.9908999800682068, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2002", "display_name": "Economics and Econometrics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer", "display_name": "Cancer", "score": 0.814186692237854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-cancer", "display_name": "Colorectal cancer", "score": 0.7472394704818726}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.6954325437545776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-cancer", "display_name": "Skin cancer", "score": 0.662139892578125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer", "display_name": "Breast cancer", "score": 0.6420378088951111}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-cancer", "display_name": "Prostate cancer", "score": 0.5993866920471191}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer", "display_name": "Lung cancer", "score": 0.587192952632904}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cancer", "display_name": "Liver cancer", "score": 0.5850893259048462}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/stomach-cancer", "display_name": "Stomach cancer", "score": 0.5637483596801758}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/causes-of-cancer", "display_name": "Causes of cancer", "score": 0.5202661752700806}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence", "display_name": "Incidence (geometry)", "score": 0.514241635799408}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-registry", "display_name": "Cancer registry", "score": 0.46199703216552734}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cause-of-death", "display_name": "Cause of death", "score": 0.46064096689224243}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemiology-of-cancer", "display_name": "Epidemiology of cancer", "score": 0.4530446529388428}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality-rate", "display_name": "Mortality rate", "score": 0.4510115087032318}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/oncology", "display_name": "Oncology", "score": 0.3965390920639038}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "score": 0.33826944231987}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/disease", "display_name": "Disease", "score": 0.17574074864387512}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C121608353", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078", "display_name": "Cancer", "level": 2, "score": 0.814186692237854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C526805850", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188874", "display_name": "Colorectal cancer", "level": 3, "score": 0.7472394704818726}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.6954325437545776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777789703", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192102", "display_name": "Skin cancer", "level": 3, "score": 0.662139892578125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C530470458", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581", "display_name": "Breast cancer", "level": 3, "score": 0.6420378088951111}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780192828", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181257", "display_name": "Prostate cancer", "level": 3, "score": 0.5993866920471191}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776256026", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912", "display_name": "Lung cancer", "level": 2, "score": 0.587192952632904}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776231280", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623031", "display_name": "Liver cancer", "level": 3, "score": 0.5850893259048462}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779454504", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189588", "display_name": "Stomach cancer", "level": 3, "score": 0.5637483596801758}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777914349", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18205885", "display_name": "Causes of cancer", "level": 3, "score": 0.5202661752700806}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C61511704", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857", "display_name": "Incidence (geometry)", "level": 2, "score": 0.514241635799408}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778527826", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1787017", "display_name": "Cancer registry", "level": 3, "score": 0.46199703216552734}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C29374701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931388", "display_name": "Cause of death", "level": 3, "score": 0.46064096689224243}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C63592243", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5382717", "display_name": "Epidemiology of cancer", "level": 4, "score": 0.4530446529388428}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C179755657", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702", "display_name": "Mortality rate", "level": 2, "score": 0.4510115087032318}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C143998085", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555", "display_name": "Oncology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3965390920639038}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.33826944231987}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779134260", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136", "display_name": "Disease", "level": 2, "score": 0.17574074864387512}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000071219", "descriptor_name": "Global Burden of Disease", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000071219", "descriptor_name": "Global Burden of Disease", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000071219", "descriptor_name": "Global Burden of Disease", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000071219", "descriptor_name": "Global Burden of Disease", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000071219", "descriptor_name": "Global Burden of Disease", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000293", "descriptor_name": "Adolescent", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000293", "descriptor_name": "Adolescent", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000293", "descriptor_name": "Adolescent", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000293", "descriptor_name": "Adolescent", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000293", "descriptor_name": "Adolescent", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000368", "descriptor_name": "Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000368", "descriptor_name": "Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000368", "descriptor_name": "Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000368", "descriptor_name": "Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000368", "descriptor_name": "Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000369", "descriptor_name": "Aged, 80 and over", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000369", "descriptor_name": "Aged, 80 and over", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000369", "descriptor_name": "Aged, 80 and over", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000369", "descriptor_name": "Aged, 80 and over", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000369", "descriptor_name": "Aged, 80 and over", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002423", "descriptor_name": "Cause of Death", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002423", "descriptor_name": "Cause of Death", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002423", "descriptor_name": "Cause of Death", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002423", "descriptor_name": "Cause of Death", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002423", "descriptor_name": "Cause of Death", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002648", "descriptor_name": "Child", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002648", "descriptor_name": "Child", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002648", "descriptor_name": "Child", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002648", "descriptor_name": "Child", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002648", "descriptor_name": "Child", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002675", "descriptor_name": "Child, Preschool", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002675", "descriptor_name": "Child, Preschool", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002675", "descriptor_name": "Child, Preschool", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002675", "descriptor_name": "Child, Preschool", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002675", "descriptor_name": "Child, Preschool", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007223", "descriptor_name": "Infant", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007223", "descriptor_name": "Infant", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007223", "descriptor_name": "Infant", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007223", "descriptor_name": "Infant", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007223", "descriptor_name": "Infant", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007231", "descriptor_name": "Infant, Newborn", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007231", "descriptor_name": "Infant, Newborn", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007231", "descriptor_name": "Infant, Newborn", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007231", "descriptor_name": "Infant, Newborn", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007231", "descriptor_name": "Infant, Newborn", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012042", "descriptor_name": "Registries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012042", "descriptor_name": "Registries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012042", "descriptor_name": "Registries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012042", "descriptor_name": "Registries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012042", "descriptor_name": "Registries", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012307", "descriptor_name": "Risk Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012307", "descriptor_name": "Risk Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012307", "descriptor_name": "Risk Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012307", "descriptor_name": "Risk Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012307", "descriptor_name": "Risk Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014943", "descriptor_name": "Global Health", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014943", "descriptor_name": "Global Health", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014943", "descriptor_name": "Global Health", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014943", "descriptor_name": "Global Health", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014943", "descriptor_name": "Global Health", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015994", "descriptor_name": "Incidence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015994", "descriptor_name": "Incidence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015994", "descriptor_name": "Incidence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015994", "descriptor_name": "Incidence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015994", "descriptor_name": "Incidence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015995", "descriptor_name": "Prevalence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015995", "descriptor_name": "Prevalence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015995", "descriptor_name": "Prevalence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015995", "descriptor_name": "Prevalence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015995", "descriptor_name": "Prevalence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015996", "descriptor_name": "Survival Rate", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015996", "descriptor_name": "Survival Rate", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015996", "descriptor_name": "Survival Rate", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015996", "descriptor_name": "Survival Rate", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015996", "descriptor_name": "Survival Rate", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017677", "descriptor_name": "Age Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017677", "descriptor_name": "Age Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017677", "descriptor_name": "Age Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017677", "descriptor_name": "Age Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017677", "descriptor_name": "Age Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017678", "descriptor_name": "Sex Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017678", "descriptor_name": "Sex Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017678", "descriptor_name": "Sex Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017678", "descriptor_name": "Sex Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017678", "descriptor_name": "Sex Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055815", "descriptor_name": "Young Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055815", "descriptor_name": "Young Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055815", "descriptor_name": "Young Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055815", "descriptor_name": "Young Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055815", "descriptor_name": "Young Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.3322/caac.21492", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21492", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S126094547", "display_name": "CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "issn_l": "0007-9235", "issn": ["0007-9235", "1542-4863"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:30207593", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30207593", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "CA: a cancer journal for clinicians", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:118f3878-4898-4617-90e6-3be1fdd91327", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://avesis.kocaeli.edu.tr/publication/details/118f3878-4898-4617-90e6-3be1fdd91327/oai", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407055291", "display_name": "Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi - AVES\u0130S", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.3322/caac.21492", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.21492", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S126094547", "display_name": "CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "issn_l": "0007-9235", "issn": ["0007-9235", "1542-4863"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17", "display_name": "Partnerships for the goals", "score": 0.4300000071525574}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2889646458.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 70, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W31182665", "https://openalex.org/W1275532855", "https://openalex.org/W1492157159", "https://openalex.org/W1502633200", "https://openalex.org/W1567352500", "https://openalex.org/W1593442063", "https://openalex.org/W1861891407", "https://openalex.org/W1877917243", "https://openalex.org/W1878172041", "https://openalex.org/W1902498578", "https://openalex.org/W1955431817", "https://openalex.org/W1968960710", "https://openalex.org/W1969875009", "https://openalex.org/W1987350137", "https://openalex.org/W1988592971", "https://openalex.org/W1997356314", "https://openalex.org/W2016761556", "https://openalex.org/W2018394758", "https://openalex.org/W2020830322", "https://openalex.org/W2021052809", "https://openalex.org/W2037450389", "https://openalex.org/W2083375435", "https://openalex.org/W2095866442", "https://openalex.org/W2096619957", "https://openalex.org/W2099023213", "https://openalex.org/W2106787323", "https://openalex.org/W2113422684", "https://openalex.org/W2119391023", "https://openalex.org/W2121732950", "https://openalex.org/W2122101164", "https://openalex.org/W2132900617", "https://openalex.org/W2139530759", "https://openalex.org/W2147072570", "https://openalex.org/W2147496191", "https://openalex.org/W2151780198", "https://openalex.org/W2160780272", "https://openalex.org/W2163308724", "https://openalex.org/W2164960433", "https://openalex.org/W2170773236", "https://openalex.org/W2302003756", "https://openalex.org/W2308263493", "https://openalex.org/W2322310797", "https://openalex.org/W2334197461", "https://openalex.org/W2346871287", "https://openalex.org/W2413041673", "https://openalex.org/W2415076046", "https://openalex.org/W2484656965", "https://openalex.org/W2495533848", "https://openalex.org/W2498679987", "https://openalex.org/W2508926319", "https://openalex.org/W2514008771", "https://openalex.org/W2518132675", "https://openalex.org/W2528938021", "https://openalex.org/W2568105496", "https://openalex.org/W2621568616", "https://openalex.org/W2626749754", "https://openalex.org/W2738256061", "https://openalex.org/W2744525445", "https://openalex.org/W2761316262", "https://openalex.org/W2768132193", "https://openalex.org/W2792039871", "https://openalex.org/W2804239158", "https://openalex.org/W2804784400", "https://openalex.org/W2917837889", "https://openalex.org/W2966258052", "https://openalex.org/W2977897642", "https://openalex.org/W3032265442", "https://openalex.org/W3143569680", "https://openalex.org/W4236443795", "https://openalex.org/W4247723226"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2119031441", "https://openalex.org/W104140161", "https://openalex.org/W3206095788", "https://openalex.org/W2895567483", "https://openalex.org/W2418264691", "https://openalex.org/W4226203208", "https://openalex.org/W2893670547", "https://openalex.org/W2425903052", "https://openalex.org/W1689224317", "https://openalex.org/W2360949490"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0], "article": [1], "provides": [2], "a": [3, 33], "status": [4], "report": [5], "on": [6, 30, 35, 222], "the": [7, 14, 25, 78, 85, 89, 97, 133, 138, 166, 172, 206, 223, 243, 280], "global": [8], "burden": [9], "of": [10, 18, 84, 92, 96, 141, 175, 209, 225, 284], "cancer": [11, 19, 50, 61, 76, 82, 93, 99, 106, 109, 113, 119, 122, 126, 131, 136, 142, 151, 158, 164, 170, 176, 183, 192, 204, 210, 240, 250, 292], "worldwide": [12], "using": [13], "GLOBOCAN": [15], "2018": [16, 303], "estimates": [17], "incidence": [20, 116, 197], "and": [21, 58, 88, 111, 117, 124, 137, 149, 154, 156, 171, 181, 186, 198, 205, 217, 228, 231, 247, 259, 282, 289], "mortality": [22], "produced": [23], "by": [24, 103, 147, 179], "International": [26], "Agency": [27], "for": [28, 115, 128, 195, 245, 265, 299], "Research": [29], "Cancer,": [31], "with": [32], "focus": [34], "geographic": [36], "variability": [37], "across": [38, 215], "20": [39], "world": [40], "regions.": [41], "There": [42], "will": [43], "be": [44], "an": [45, 270], "estimated": [46], "18.1": [47], "million": [48, 53, 60, 64], "new": [49], "cases": [51], "(17.0": [52], "excluding": [54, 65], "nonmelanoma": [55, 66], "skin": [56, 67], "cancer)": [57, 68], "9.6": [59], "deaths": [62], "(9.5": [63], "in": [69, 256], "2018.": [70], "In": [71], "both": [72, 196], "sexes": [73], "combined,": [74], "lung": [75, 182], "is": [77, 132, 165, 236, 269], "most": [79, 134, 167, 201, 257], "commonly": [80, 168], "diagnosed": [81, 169, 203], "(11.6%": [83], "total": [86, 98], "cases)": [87], "leading": [90, 139, 173, 207], "cause": [91, 140, 174, 208], "death": [94, 143], "(18.4%": [95], "deaths),": [100], "closely": [101], "followed": [102, 146, 178], "female": [104], "breast": [105, 163], "(11.6%),": [107], "prostate": [108, 148], "(7.1%),": [110], "colorectal": [112, 118, 150, 180], "(6.1%)": [114], "(9.2%),": [120], "stomach": [121, 157], "(8.2%),": [123], "liver": [125, 155], "(8.2%)": [127], "mortality.": [129, 199], "Lung": [130], "frequent": [135], "among": [144], "males,": [145], "(for": [152, 159, 184, 189], "incidence)": [153], "mortality).": [160], "Among": [161], "females,": [162], "death,": [177, 211], "incidence),": [185], "vice": [187], "versa": [188], "mortality);": [190], "cervical": [191], "ranks": [193], "fourth": [194], "The": [200, 262], "frequently": [202], "however,": [212], "substantially": [213], "vary": [214], "countries": [216], "within": [218], "each": [219], "country": [220], "depending": [221], "degree": [224], "economic": [226], "development": [227], "associated": [229], "social": [230], "life": [232], "style": [233], "factors.": [234], "It": [235], "noteworthy": [237], "that": [238, 273], "high-quality": [239], "registry": [241], "data,": [242, 286], "basis": [244], "planning": [246], "implementing": [248], "evidence-based": [249], "control": [251, 293], "programs,": [252], "are": [253], "not": [254], "available": [255], "low-": [258], "middle-income": [260], "countries.": [261], "Global": [263], "Initiative": [264], "Cancer": [266, 297, 305], "Registry": [267], "Development": [268], "international": [271], "partnership": [272], "supports": [274], "better": [275], "estimation,": [276], "as": [277, 279], "well": [278], "collection": [281], "use": [283], "local": [285], "to": [287], "prioritize": [288], "evaluate": [290], "national": [291], "efforts.": [294], "CA:": [295], "A": [296], "Journal": [298], "Clinicians": [300], "2018;0:1-31.": [301], "\u00a9": [302], "American": [304], "Society.": [306]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 361}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4893}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 7993}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 10316}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 14541}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 21904}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 19398}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 7544}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 292}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3118615836", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71", "title": "The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews", "display_name": "The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews", "publication_year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-03-29", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3118615836", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71", "mag": "3118615836", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33782057"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1136/bmj.n71", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71", "pdf_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/372/bmj.n71.full.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4393917726", "display_name": "BMJ", "issn_l": "1756-1833", "issn": ["1756-1833"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "BMJ", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "datacite", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/372/bmj.n71.full.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5089979303", "display_name": "Matthew J. Page", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4242-7526"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210121067", "display_name": "Monash Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/02t1bej08", "country_code": "AU", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210121067"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I56590836", "display_name": "Monash University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02bfwt286", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Matthew J Page", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia matthew.page@monash.edu", "School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia matthew.page@monash.edu", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I56590836", "https://openalex.org/I4210121067"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015844348", "display_name": "Joanne E. McKenzie", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3534-1641"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I56590836", "display_name": "Monash University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02bfwt286", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Joanne E McKenzie", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5061726857", "display_name": "Patrick M. Bossuyt", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4427-0128"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I887064364", "display_name": "University of Amsterdam", "ror": "https://ror.org/04dkp9463", "country_code": "NL", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}], "countries": ["NL"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Patrick M Bossuyt", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065028933", "display_name": "Isabelle Boutron", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5263-6241"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I154526488", "display_name": "Inserm", "ror": "https://ror.org/02vjkv261", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I204730241", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9", "ror": "https://ror.org/05f82e368", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4387154308", "display_name": "Centre de Recherche \u00c9pid\u00e9miologie et Statistique", "ror": "https://ror.org/00t9egj41", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I154526488", "https://openalex.org/I204730241", "https://openalex.org/I4210088668", "https://openalex.org/I4210091279", "https://openalex.org/I4387154308"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Isabelle Boutron", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Centre of Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Inserm, F 75004 Paris, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Centre of Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Inserm, F 75004 Paris, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154526488", "https://openalex.org/I204730241", "https://openalex.org/I4387154308"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090700680", "display_name": "Tammy Hoffmann", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5210-8548"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I120125038", "display_name": "Bond University", "ror": "https://ror.org/006jxzx88", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I120125038"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tammy C Hoffmann", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I120125038"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031204654", "display_name": "Cynthia D. Mulrow", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4768-4492"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165951966", "display_name": "The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio", "ror": "https://ror.org/02f6dcw23", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165951966"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210092355", "display_name": "Academy of Medicine", "ror": "https://ror.org/00fnk0q46", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210092355"]}], "countries": ["SG", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Cynthia D Mulrow", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; Annals of Internal Medicine", "Annals of Internal Medicine", "University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; Annals of Internal Medicine", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165951966"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Annals of Internal Medicine", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210092355"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165951966"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5091561305", "display_name": "Larissa Shamseer", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3690-3378"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I153718931", "display_name": "University of Ottawa", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c4mmv16", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800582968", "display_name": "Li Ka Shing Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/01g6g9h28", "country_code": "CN", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800582968"]}], "countries": ["CA", "CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Larissa Shamseer", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800582968"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076572041", "display_name": "Jennifer Tetzlaff", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0787-5363"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jennifer M Tetzlaff", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Evidence Partners, Ottawa, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Evidence Partners, Ottawa, Canada", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041615321", "display_name": "Elie A. Akl", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3444-8618"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210161256", "display_name": "Impact", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d9dsr70", "country_code": "CA", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210161256"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I98251732", "display_name": "McMaster University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02fa3aq29", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I98635879", "display_name": "American University of Beirut", "ror": "https://ror.org/04pznsd21", "country_code": "LB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}], "countries": ["CA", "LB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Elie A Akl", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada", "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada", "Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98635879", "https://openalex.org/I98251732", "https://openalex.org/I4210161256"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98251732", "https://openalex.org/I4210161256"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5012486829", "display_name": "Sue Brennan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1789-8809"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I56590836", "display_name": "Monash University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02bfwt286", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sue E Brennan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070442023", "display_name": "Roger Chou", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9889-8610"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165690674", "display_name": "Oregon Health & Science University", "ror": "https://ror.org/009avj582", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Roger Chou", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5003504334", "display_name": "Julie Glanville", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1253-8524"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I280385510", "display_name": "Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust", "ror": "https://ror.org/00n635c12", "country_code": "GB", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I280385510"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I52099693", "display_name": "University of York", "ror": "https://ror.org/04m01e293", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Julie Glanville", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["York Health Economics Consortium (YHEC Ltd), University of York, York, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "York Health Economics Consortium (YHEC Ltd), University of York, York, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I280385510", "https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5054403907", "display_name": "Jeremy Grimshaw", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8015-8243"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I153718931", "display_name": "University of Ottawa", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c4mmv16", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c62dg59", "country_code": "CA", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4388482656", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05jtef216", "country_code": null, "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931", "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jeremy M Grimshaw", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931", "https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110728949", "display_name": "Asbj\u00f8rn Hr\u00f3bjartsson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2451-5012"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I177969490", "display_name": "University of Southern Denmark", "ror": "https://ror.org/03yrrjy16", "country_code": "DK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801498763", "display_name": "Odense University Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/00ey0ed83", "country_code": "DK", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801498763"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210139775", "display_name": "Cochrane", "ror": "https://ror.org/048ztsn21", "country_code": "DK", "type": "other", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210139775"]}], "countries": ["DK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Asbj\u00f8rn Hr\u00f3bjartsson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO) and Cochrane Denmark, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Open Patient data Exploratory Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark", "Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO) and Cochrane Denmark, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark", "Open Patient data Exploratory Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO) and Cochrane Denmark, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Open Patient data Exploratory Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801498763", "https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO) and Cochrane Denmark, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I177969490", "https://openalex.org/I4210139775"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Open Patient data Exploratory Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801498763"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007813511", "display_name": "Manoj M. Lalu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0322-382X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c62dg59", "country_code": "CA", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4388482656", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05jtef216", "country_code": null, "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931", "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Manoj M Lalu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada", "Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada", "Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada", "Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Clinical Epidemiology Program, Blueprint Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5072760500", "display_name": "Tianjing Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5371-4558"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I145311948", "display_name": "Johns Hopkins University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I921990950", "display_name": "University of Colorado Denver", "ror": "https://ror.org/02hh7en24", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tianjing Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA", "Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States", "Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5054045289", "display_name": "Elizabeth Loder", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1501-2947"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1283280774", "display_name": "Brigham and Women's Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/04b6nzv94", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1283280774", "https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I136199984", "display_name": "Harvard University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03vek6s52", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Elizabeth W Loder", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Division of Headache, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Head of Research, The BMJ, London, UK", "Head of Research, The BMJ, London, UK", "Division of Headache, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Division of Headache, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Head of Research, The BMJ, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Head of Research, The BMJ, London, UK", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Division of Headache, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1283280774", "https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055917772", "display_name": "Evan Mayo\u2010Wilson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6126-2459"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119109", "display_name": "Indiana University Bloomington", "ror": "https://ror.org/02k40bc56", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210119109", "https://openalex.org/I592451"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Evan Mayo-Wilson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5074391235", "display_name": "Steve McDonald", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-5205"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I56590836", "display_name": "Monash University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02bfwt286", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Steve McDonald", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037094305", "display_name": "Luke A. McGuinness", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8730-9761"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I36234482", "display_name": "University of Bristol", "ror": "https://ror.org/0524sp257", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Luke A McGuinness", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5082927689", "display_name": "Lesley Stewart", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0287-4724"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I52099693", "display_name": "University of York", "ror": "https://ror.org/04m01e293", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lesley A Stewart", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090183643", "display_name": "James Thomas", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4805-4190"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I45129253", "display_name": "University College London", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jx3x895", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I124357947", "https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "James Thomas", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["EPPI-Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "EPPI-Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5074901391", "display_name": "Andrea C. Tricco", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4114-8971"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1297363086", "display_name": "St. Michael's Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/04skqfp25", "country_code": "CA", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1297363086", "https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I185261750", "display_name": "University of Toronto", "ror": "https://ror.org/03dbr7087", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I204722609", "display_name": "Queen's University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02y72wh86", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210125326", "display_name": "Public Health Ontario", "ror": "https://ror.org/025z8ah66", "country_code": "CA", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210125326"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4399598460", "display_name": "Unity Health Toronto", "ror": "https://ror.org/012x5xb44", "country_code": null, "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Andrea C Tricco", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Epidemiology Division of the Dalla Lana School of Public Health and the Institute of Health Management, Policy, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada", "Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada", "Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada", "Epidemiology Division of the Dalla Lana School of Public Health and the Institute of Health Management, Policy, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Epidemiology Division of the Dalla Lana School of Public Health and the Institute of Health Management, Policy, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1297363086"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1297363086", "https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Epidemiology Division of the Dalla Lana School of Public Health and the Institute of Health Management, Policy, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210125326", "https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029006782", "display_name": "Vivian Welch", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5238-7097"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I153718931", "display_name": "University of Ottawa", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c4mmv16", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210145570", "display_name": "Bruy\u00e8re", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bznkw77", "country_code": "CA", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210145570"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Vivian A Welch", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Methods Centre, Bruy\u00e8re Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "Methods Centre, Bruy\u00e8re Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Methods Centre, Bruy\u00e8re Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210145570", "https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Methods Centre, Bruy\u00e8re Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210145570"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5077388783", "display_name": "Penny Whiting", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-5682"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I36234482", "display_name": "University of Bristol", "ror": "https://ror.org/0524sp257", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Penny Whiting", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068353058", "display_name": "David Moher", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-4206"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I153718931", "display_name": "University of Ottawa", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c4mmv16", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c62dg59", "country_code": "CA", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4388482656", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05jtef216", "country_code": null, "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931", "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David Moher", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 10, "institutions_distinct_count": 26, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5089979303"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210121067", "https://openalex.org/I56590836"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 4720.2664, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 87288, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "372", "issue": null, "first_page": "n71", "last_page": "n71"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10416", "display_name": "Traumatic Brain Injury Research", "score": 0.9817000031471252, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2713", "display_name": "Epidemiology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12443", "display_name": "Delphi Technique in Research", "score": 0.9458000063896179, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/checklist", "display_name": "Checklist", "score": 0.8825289011001587}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review", "display_name": "Systematic review", "score": 0.8597397804260254}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/guideline", "display_name": "Guideline", "score": 0.6794942617416382}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statement", "display_name": "Statement (logic)", "score": 0.6102980971336365}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/terminology", "display_name": "Terminology", "score": 0.5911567807197571}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation", "display_name": "Presentation (obstetrics)", "score": 0.527360737323761}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.4939418435096741}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medline", "display_name": "MEDLINE", "score": 0.45061057806015015}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science", "display_name": "Management science", "score": 0.3789009153842926}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.3779466450214386}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science", "display_name": "Data science", "score": 0.3526175022125244}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.2349657118320465}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology", "display_name": "Pathology", "score": 0.12360993027687073}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.09278735518455505}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.08834731578826904}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779356329", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625", "display_name": "Checklist", "level": 2, "score": 0.8825289011001587}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C189708586", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425", "display_name": "Systematic review", "level": 3, "score": 0.8597397804260254}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780182762", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630279", "display_name": "Guideline", "level": 2, "score": 0.6794942617416382}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777026412", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591", "display_name": "Statement (logic)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6102980971336365}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C547195049", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664", "display_name": "Terminology", "level": 2, "score": 0.5911567807197571}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777601897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113", "display_name": "Presentation (obstetrics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.527360737323761}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4939418435096741}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899", "display_name": "MEDLINE", "level": 2, "score": 0.45061057806015015}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C539667460", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942", "display_name": "Management science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3789009153842926}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.3779466450214386}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463", "display_name": "Data science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3526175022125244}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.2349657118320465}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.12360993027687073}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.09278735518455505}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.08834731578826904}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126838900", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604", "display_name": "Radiology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162", "display_name": "Linguistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000078202", "descriptor_name": "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000078202", "descriptor_name": "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000078202", "descriptor_name": "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000078202", "descriptor_name": "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000078202", "descriptor_name": "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000078202", "descriptor_name": "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000078202", "descriptor_name": "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000078202", "descriptor_name": "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000078202", "descriptor_name": "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000078202", "descriptor_name": "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012107", "descriptor_name": "Research Design", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012107", "descriptor_name": "Research Design", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012107", "descriptor_name": "Research Design", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012107", "descriptor_name": "Research Design", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012107", "descriptor_name": "Research Design", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017410", "descriptor_name": "Practice Guidelines as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017410", "descriptor_name": "Practice Guidelines as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017410", "descriptor_name": "Practice Guidelines as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017410", "descriptor_name": "Practice Guidelines as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017410", "descriptor_name": "Practice Guidelines as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D066209", "descriptor_name": "Medical Writing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D066209", "descriptor_name": "Medical Writing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D066209", "descriptor_name": "Medical Writing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D066209", "descriptor_name": "Medical Writing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D066209", "descriptor_name": "Medical Writing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 15, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1136/bmj.n71", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71", "pdf_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/372/bmj.n71.full.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4393917726", "display_name": "BMJ", "issn_l": "1756-1833", "issn": ["1756-1833"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "BMJ", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:33782057", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33782057", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "BMJ (Clinical research ed.)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:sdu.dk:openaire/5b3f3557-9ca0-48a7-b1ba-f346b2eff8c1", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/5b3f3557-9ca0-48a7-b1ba-f346b2eff8c1", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400424", "display_name": "University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I177969490", "host_organization_name": "University of Southern Denmark", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I177969490"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Page, M J, McKenzie, J E, Bossuyt, P M, Boutron, I, Hoffmann, T C, Mulrow, C D, Shamseer, L, Tetzlaff, J M, Akl, E A, Brennan, S E, Chou, R, Glanville, J, Grimshaw, J M, Hr\u00f3bjartsson, A, Lalu, M M, Li, T, Loder, E W, Mayo-Wilson, E, McDonald, S, McGuinness, L A, Stewart, L A, Thomas, J, Tricco, A C, Welch, V A, Whiting, P & Moher, D 2021, 'The PRISMA 2020 statement : An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews', The BMJ, vol. 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:sdu.dk:openaire_cris_publications/8f8f4aaa-4243-4377-9f1f-b4c12b33fcd9", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/8f8f4aaa-4243-4377-9f1f-b4c12b33fcd9", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400423", "display_name": "University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I177969490", "host_organization_name": "University of Southern Denmark", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I177969490"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Page , M J , McKenzie , J E , Bossuyt , P M , Boutron , I , Hoffmann , T C , Mulrow , C D , Shamseer , L , Tetzlaff , J M , Akl , E A , Brennan , S E , Chou , R , Glanville , J , Grimshaw , J M , Hr\u00f3bjartsson , A , Lalu , M M , Li , T , Loder , E W , Mayo-Wilson , E , McDonald , S , McGuinness , L A , Stewart , L A , Thomas , J , Tricco , A C , Welch , V A , Whiting , P &amp; Moher , D 2021 , ' The PRISMA 2020 statement : An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews ' , Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol. 134 , pp. 178-189 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.amsterdamumc.nl:publications/8bf47ffe-a3c6-4217-8719-ea0043baec47", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://pure.amsterdamumc.nl/en/publications/8bf47ffe-a3c6-4217-8719-ea0043baec47", "pdf_url": "https://pure.amsterdamumc.nl/ws/files/149119376/The-prisma-2020-statement-an-updated-guideline-for-reporting-systematic-reviews.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407055222", "display_name": "Pure Amsterdam UMC", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "acceptedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Page, M J, McKenzie, J E, Bossuyt, P M, Boutron, I, Hoffmann, T C, Mulrow, C D, Shamseer, L, Tetzlaff, J M, Akl, E A, Brennan, S E, Chou, R, Glanville, J, Grimshaw, J M, Hr\u00f3bjartsson, A, Lalu, M M, Li, T, Loder, E W, Mayo-Wilson, E, McDonald, S, McGuinness, L A, Stewart, L A, Thomas, J, Tricco, A C, Welch, V A, Whiting, P & Moher, D 2021, 'The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews', BMJ (Clinical research ed.), vol. 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:https://pure.bond.edu.au/:openaire/ccbeeada-3050-429e-bbf3-df68741c9710", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://research.bond.edu.au/en/publications/ccbeeada-3050-429e-bbf3-df68741c9710", "pdf_url": "https://pure.bond.edu.au/ws/files/70523698/The_PRISMA_2020_statement.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402608", "display_name": "Bond University Research Portal (Bond University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I120125038", "host_organization_name": "Bond University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I120125038"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Page, M J, McKenzie, J E, Bossuyt, P M, Boutron, I, Hoffmann, T C, Mulrow, C D, Shamseer, L, Tetzlaff, J M, Akl, E A, Brennan, S E, Chou, R, Glanville, J, Grimshaw, J M, Hr\u00f3bjartsson, A, Lalu, M M, Li, T, Loder, E W, Mayo-Wilson, E, McDonald, S, McGuinness, L A, Stewart, L A, Thomas, J, Tricco, A C, Welch, V A, Whiting, P & Moher, D 2021, 'The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews', BMJ (Clinical research ed.), vol. 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:https://pure.bond.edu.au/:publications/330480d7-fd39-471b-be6b-71433581c851", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85103772186&partnerID=8YFLogxK", "pdf_url": "https://pure.bond.edu.au/ws/files/73563879/The_PRISMA_2020_statement_an_updated_guideline_for_reporting.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402608", "display_name": "Bond University Research Portal (Bond University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I120125038", "host_organization_name": "Bond University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I120125038"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Page , M J , McKenzie , J E , Bossuyt , P M , Boutron , I , Hoffmann , T C , Mulrow , C D , Shamseer , L , Tetzlaff , J M , Akl , E A , Brennan , S E , Chou , R , Glanville , J , Grimshaw , J M , Hr\u00f3bjartsson , A , Lalu , M M , Li , T , Loder , E W , Mayo-Wilson , E , McDonald , S , McGuinness , L A , Stewart , L A , Thomas , J , Tricco , A C , Welch , V A , Whiting , P &amp; Moher , D 2021 , ' The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews ' , Journal of Surgery , vol. 88 , 105906 , pp. 105906 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105906", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:https://pure.bond.edu.au/:publications/c10a7d35-3646-4abc-b04e-3953550a61f1", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105970586&partnerID=8YFLogxK", "pdf_url": "https://pure.bond.edu.au/ws/files/70523781/The_PRISMA_2020_statement_Jour_of_clin_Epid_.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402608", "display_name": "Bond University Research Portal (Bond University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I120125038", "host_organization_name": "Bond University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I120125038"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Page , M J , McKenzie , J E , Bossuyt , P M , Boutron , I , Hoffmann , T C , Mulrow , C D , Shamseer , L , Tetzlaff , J M , Akl , E A , Brennan , S E , Chou , R , Glanville , J , Grimshaw , J M , Hr\u00f3bjartsson , A , Lalu , M M , Li , T , Loder , E W , Mayo-Wilson , E , McDonald , S , McGuinness , L A , Stewart , L A , Thomas , J , Tricco , A C , Welch , V A , Whiting , P &amp; Moher , D 2021 , ' The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews ' , Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol. 134 , pp. 178-189 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:173287", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/173287/1/PIIS0895435621000731.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400854", "display_name": "White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2800616092", "host_organization_name": "White Rose University Consortium", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "PeerReviewed"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10130719", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10130719/", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400024", "display_name": "UCL Discovery (University College London)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I45129253", "host_organization_name": "University College London", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I45129253"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "   International Journal of Surgery , 88     , Article 105906. (2021)      ", "raw_type": "Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10130721", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10130721/", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400024", "display_name": "UCL Discovery (University College London)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I45129253", "host_organization_name": "University College London", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I45129253"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "   Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , 134    pp. 178-189.   (2021)      ", "raw_type": "Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:monash.edu:openaire/62e31449-4ca2-4477-b3ac-2195cb6dd5f2", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/62e31449-4ca2-4477-b3ac-2195cb6dd5f2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402625", "display_name": "Monash University Research Portal (Monash University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I56590836", "host_organization_name": "Monash University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I56590836"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Page, M J, McKenzie, J E, Bossuyt, P M, Boutron, I, Hoffmann, T C, Mulrow, C D, Shamseer, L, Tetzlaff, J M, Akl, E A, Brennan, S E, Chou, R, Glanville, J, Grimshaw, J M, Hr\u00f3bjartsson, A, Lalu, M M, Li, T, Loder, E W, Mayo-Wilson, E, McDonald, S, McGuinness, L A, Stewart, L A, Thomas, J, Tricco, A C, Welch, V A, Whiting, P & Moher, D 2021, 'The PRISMA 2020 statement : An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews', BMJ, vol. 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8005924", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8005924", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "BMJ", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:sdu.dk:openaire_cris_publications/6c13bf27-096f-46ff-ad26-3cfa9f2c3526", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/6c13bf27-096f-46ff-ad26-3cfa9f2c3526", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400423", "display_name": "University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I177969490", "host_organization_name": "University of Southern Denmark", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I177969490"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Page , M J , McKenzie , J E , Bossuyt , P M , Boutron , I , Hoffmann , T C , Mulrow , C D , Shamseer , L , Tetzlaff , J M , Akl , E A , Brennan , S E , Chou , R , Glanville , J , Grimshaw , J M , Hr\u00f3bjartsson , A , Lalu , M M , Li , T , Loder , E W , Mayo-Wilson , E , McDonald , S , McGuinness , L A , Stewart , L A , Thomas , J , Tricco , A C , Welch , V A , Whiting , P &amp; Moher , D 2021 , ' The PRISMA 2020 statement : An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews ' , International journal of surgery (London, England) , vol. 88 , 105906 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105906", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5391881", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5391881", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196282", "display_name": "Figshare", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4210132348", "host_organization_name": "Figshare (United Kingdom)", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1136/bmj.n71", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71", "pdf_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/372/bmj.n71.full.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4393917726", "display_name": "BMJ", "issn_l": "1756-1833", "issn": ["1756-1833"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "BMJ", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3118615836.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3118615836.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 79, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W118549185", "https://openalex.org/W246286872", "https://openalex.org/W600840809", "https://openalex.org/W1528251861", "https://openalex.org/W1598602811", "https://openalex.org/W1617328014", "https://openalex.org/W1913246108", "https://openalex.org/W1965104586", "https://openalex.org/W2005501262", "https://openalex.org/W2007872832", "https://openalex.org/W2012107441", "https://openalex.org/W2012932483", "https://openalex.org/W2022190222", "https://openalex.org/W2031720106", "https://openalex.org/W2050118439", "https://openalex.org/W2066896354", "https://openalex.org/W2093038967", "https://openalex.org/W2093152548", "https://openalex.org/W2096266245", "https://openalex.org/W2124445109", "https://openalex.org/W2134833483", "https://openalex.org/W2135572748", "https://openalex.org/W2143681456", "https://openalex.org/W2144032281", "https://openalex.org/W2147469877", "https://openalex.org/W2156098321", "https://openalex.org/W2161374186", "https://openalex.org/W2163661402", "https://openalex.org/W2169205464", "https://openalex.org/W2208053283", "https://openalex.org/W2263572070", "https://openalex.org/W2342064264", "https://openalex.org/W2396846174", "https://openalex.org/W2468996569", "https://openalex.org/W2531269403", "https://openalex.org/W2567362164", "https://openalex.org/W2576440140", "https://openalex.org/W2588681363", "https://openalex.org/W2604568423", "https://openalex.org/W2616456691", "https://openalex.org/W2752872022", "https://openalex.org/W2756578555", "https://openalex.org/W2762974940", "https://openalex.org/W2765905280", "https://openalex.org/W2766439930", "https://openalex.org/W2772564313", "https://openalex.org/W2779588463", "https://openalex.org/W2785704959", "https://openalex.org/W2791681873", "https://openalex.org/W2891378911", "https://openalex.org/W2895713118", "https://openalex.org/W2903923633", "https://openalex.org/W2914938986", "https://openalex.org/W2917632902", "https://openalex.org/W2944160460", "https://openalex.org/W2949899843", "https://openalex.org/W2953559630", "https://openalex.org/W2961191798", "https://openalex.org/W2961682569", "https://openalex.org/W2968088578", "https://openalex.org/W2970684805", "https://openalex.org/W2972152141", "https://openalex.org/W2973875029", "https://openalex.org/W2988223630", "https://openalex.org/W2989672233", "https://openalex.org/W2990648940", "https://openalex.org/W2990790246", "https://openalex.org/W2991792334", "https://openalex.org/W3006856936", "https://openalex.org/W3022903699", "https://openalex.org/W3041430913", "https://openalex.org/W3123497531", "https://openalex.org/W3123893780", "https://openalex.org/W3126226315", "https://openalex.org/W3127164948", "https://openalex.org/W3211002328", "https://openalex.org/W4256513592", "https://openalex.org/W4294215472", "https://openalex.org/W4313371821"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4234875088", "https://openalex.org/W2350593162", "https://openalex.org/W2390350206", "https://openalex.org/W1969477129", "https://openalex.org/W2013796470", "https://openalex.org/W2921208823", "https://openalex.org/W2353483812", "https://openalex.org/W2131808775", "https://openalex.org/W2130038259", "https://openalex.org/W2360756181"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 53, 78], "Preferred": [1], "Reporting": [2], "Items": [3], "for": [4, 108, 121], "Systematic": [5], "reviews": [6], "and": [7, 31, 44, 61, 75, 80, 116, 123], "Meta-Analyses": [8], "(PRISMA)": [9], "statement,": [10], "published": [11], "in": [12, 40, 69], "2009,": [13], "was": [14, 25], "designed": [15], "to": [16, 50, 71, 88], "help": [17], "systematic": [18, 41], "reviewers": [19], "transparently": [20], "report": [21], "why": [22], "the": [23, 28, 36, 51, 58, 83, 96, 111, 117], "review": [24, 42], "done,": [26], "what": [27, 32], "authors": [29], "did,": [30], "they": [33], "found.": [34], "Over": [35], "past": [37], "decade,": [38], "advances": [39, 68], "methodology": [43], "terminology": [45], "have": [46, 85], "necessitated": [47], "an": [48, 101], "update": [49], "guideline.": [52], "PRISMA": [54, 97, 112], "2020": [55, 98, 113], "statement": [56, 60], "replaces": [57], "2009": [59], "includes": [62], "new": [63], "reporting": [64, 106], "guidance": [65], "that": [66, 104], "reflects": [67], "methods": [70], "identify,": [72], "select,": [73], "appraise,": [74], "synthesise": [76], "studies.": [77], "structure": [79], "presentation": [81], "of": [82], "items": [84], "been": [86], "modified": [87], "facilitate": [89], "implementation.": [90], "In": [91], "this": [92], "article,": [93], "we": [94], "present": [95], "27-item": [99], "checklist,": [100, 115], "expanded": [102], "checklist": [103], "details": [105], "recommendations": [107], "each": [109], "item,": [110], "abstract": [114], "revised": [118], "flow": [119], "diagrams": [120], "original": [122], "updated": [124], "reviews.": [125]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 7598}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 26877}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 22428}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 16604}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 10761}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2929}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 5}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2131350133", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1107/s0108767307043930", "title": "A short history of<i>SHELX</i>", "display_name": "A short history of<i>SHELX</i>", "publication_year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-12-21", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2131350133", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1107/s0108767307043930", "mag": "2131350133", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18156677"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1107/s0108767307043930", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1107/s0108767307043930", "pdf_url": "https://journals.iucr.org/a/issues/2008/01/00/sc5010/sc5010.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S150871906", "display_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography", "issn_l": "0108-7673", "issn": ["0108-7673", "1600-5724"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://journals.iucr.org/a/issues/2008/01/00/sc5010/sc5010.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042885999", "display_name": "George M. Sheldrick", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6956-4822"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I74656192", "display_name": "University of G\u00f6ttingen", "ror": "https://ror.org/01y9bpm73", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "George M. Sheldrick", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Structural Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany. gsheldr@shelx.uni-ac.gwdg.de", "Department of Structural Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D\u201037077 Goettingen, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Structural Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany. gsheldr@shelx.uni-ac.gwdg.de", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Structural Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D\u201037077 Goettingen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5042885999"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I74656192"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 3113.7875, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 87016, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "64", "issue": "1", "first_page": "112", "last_page": "122"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11162", "display_name": "Enzyme Structure and Function", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11162", "display_name": "Enzyme Structure and Function", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10044", "display_name": "Protein Structure and Dynamics", "score": 0.9987000226974487, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10211", "display_name": "Computational Drug Discovery Methods", "score": 0.9948999881744385, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1703", "display_name": "Computational Theory and Mathematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phaser", "display_name": "Phaser", "score": 0.7482668161392212}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.7137467861175537}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software", "display_name": "Software", "score": 0.5285099148750305}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/interface", "display_name": "Interface (matter)", "score": 0.5080828666687012}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering", "display_name": "Software engineering", "score": 0.3587818741798401}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science", "display_name": "Computational science", "score": 0.3565381169319153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language", "display_name": "Programming language", "score": 0.16702380776405334}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing", "display_name": "Parallel computing", "score": 0.09456115961074829}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.0943327248096466}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C135393689", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1551588", "display_name": "Phaser", "level": 2, "score": 0.7482668161392212}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.7137467861175537}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.5285099148750305}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C113843644", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882", "display_name": "Interface (matter)", "level": 4, "score": 0.5080828666687012}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115903868", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993", "display_name": "Software engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.3587818741798401}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C459310", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801", "display_name": "Computational science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3565381169319153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.16702380776405334}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C173608175", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661", "display_name": "Parallel computing", "level": 1, "score": 0.09456115961074829}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.0943327248096466}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C129307140", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880", "display_name": "Maximum bubble pressure method", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119599485", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035", "display_name": "Electrical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C157915830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001", "display_name": "Bubble", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1107/s0108767307043930", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1107/s0108767307043930", "pdf_url": "https://journals.iucr.org/a/issues/2008/01/00/sc5010/sc5010.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S150871906", "display_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography", "issn_l": "0108-7673", "issn": ["0108-7673", "1600-5724"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:18156677", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18156677", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations of crystallography", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04925311v1", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://hal.science/hal-04925311", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4406922466", "display_name": "SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section A : Foundations of Crystallography [1968-2013], 2007, 64 (1), pp.112-122. &#x27E8;10.1107/S0108767307043930&#x27E9;", "raw_type": "Journal articles"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:publications.goettingen-research-online.de:2/55218", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/55218", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401634", "display_name": "GoeScholar  The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen (Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4210122495", "host_organization_name": "Asklepios Klinik St. Georg", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210122495"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "journal_article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1107/s0108767307043930", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1107/s0108767307043930", "pdf_url": "https://journals.iucr.org/a/issues/2008/01/00/sc5010/sc5010.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S150871906", "display_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography", "issn_l": "0108-7673", "issn": ["0108-7673", "1600-5724"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9", "display_name": "Industry, innovation and infrastructure", "score": 0.5099999904632568}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2131350133.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2131350133.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 52, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W350147152", "https://openalex.org/W614374080", "https://openalex.org/W1700519873", "https://openalex.org/W1710565104", "https://openalex.org/W1975217371", "https://openalex.org/W1983732912", "https://openalex.org/W1984148863", "https://openalex.org/W1985900951", "https://openalex.org/W1987372363", "https://openalex.org/W1988600322", "https://openalex.org/W1990481506", "https://openalex.org/W1994293788", "https://openalex.org/W1996607909", "https://openalex.org/W2002567724", "https://openalex.org/W2007078356", "https://openalex.org/W2012580598", "https://openalex.org/W2013944709", "https://openalex.org/W2020429677", "https://openalex.org/W2020554517", "https://openalex.org/W2024773580", "https://openalex.org/W2026838767", "https://openalex.org/W2040361001", "https://openalex.org/W2042414107", "https://openalex.org/W2052673849", "https://openalex.org/W2053793885", "https://openalex.org/W2056474830", "https://openalex.org/W2056645482", "https://openalex.org/W2058518141", "https://openalex.org/W2059300055", "https://openalex.org/W2060358264", "https://openalex.org/W2074986801", "https://openalex.org/W2075766719", "https://openalex.org/W2079204867", "https://openalex.org/W2080251085", "https://openalex.org/W2082345507", "https://openalex.org/W2084901640", "https://openalex.org/W2088473658", "https://openalex.org/W2094170522", "https://openalex.org/W2110528762", "https://openalex.org/W2128179591", "https://openalex.org/W2128237241", "https://openalex.org/W2130676953", "https://openalex.org/W2135464698", "https://openalex.org/W2144081223", "https://openalex.org/W2148066840", "https://openalex.org/W2156464749", "https://openalex.org/W2166437627", "https://openalex.org/W2168230343", "https://openalex.org/W2168467894", "https://openalex.org/W2333477209", "https://openalex.org/W2478447331", "https://openalex.org/W4252515869"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2163341755", "https://openalex.org/W2132028918", "https://openalex.org/W2146741998", "https://openalex.org/W2002636685", "https://openalex.org/W2084701407", "https://openalex.org/W2466266952", "https://openalex.org/W2084531595", "https://openalex.org/W2381929017", "https://openalex.org/W2369108811", "https://openalex.org/W2149263892"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"An": [0, 57], "account": [1], "is": [2, 40, 59, 94], "given": [3], "of": [4, 7, 11, 42, 54, 116, 128, 154, 186, 202], "the": [5, 8, 17, 43, 55, 95, 114, 126, 151, 187, 192, 200], "development": [6], "SHELX": [9, 189], "system": [10], "computer": [12, 85], "programs": [13, 190], "from": [14], "SHELX-76": [15], "to": [16, 22, 61, 88], "present": [18], "day.": [19], "In": [20], "addition": [21], "identifying": [23], "useful": [24, 149], "innovations": [25], "that": [26], "have": [27], "come": [28], "into": [29], "general": [30, 179], "use": [31], "through": [32], "their": [33], "implementation": [34], "in": [35, 168, 199], "SHELX,": [36], "a": [37, 64, 123, 178, 203], "critical": [38], "analysis": [39], "presented": [41], "less-successful": [44], "features,": [45], "missed": [46], "opportunities": [47], "and": [48, 74, 103, 105, 145, 161, 163], "desirable": [49], "improvements": [50], "for": [51, 68, 90, 100, 110, 125, 140, 150, 170], "future": [52], "releases": [53], "software.": [56], "attempt": [58], "made": [60], "understand": [62], "how": [63], "program": [65, 99], "originally": [66], "designed": [67], "photographic": [69], "intensity": [70], "data,": [71], "punched": [72], "cards": [73], "computers": [75], "over": [76], "10000": [77], "times": [78], "slower": [79], "than": [80], "an": [81, 138], "average": [82], "modern": [83], "personal": [84], "has": [86], "managed": [87], "survive": [89], "so": [91, 164], "long.": [92], "SHELXL": [93, 120], "most": [96], "widely": [97], "used": [98], "small-molecule": [101], "refinement": [102, 127], "SHELXS": [104], "SHELXD": [106, 144], "are": [107, 147, 159, 165, 197], "often": [108, 166], "employed": [109, 167, 198], "structure": [111], "solution": [112], "despite": [113], "availability": [115], "objectively": [117], "superior": [118], "programs.": [119], "also": [121], "finds": [122], "niche": [124], "macromolecules": [129], "against": [130], "high-resolution": [131], "or": [132, 184], "twinned": [133], "data;": [134], "SHELXPRO": [135], "acts": [136], "as": [137, 177], "interface": [139], "macromolecular": [141], "applications.": [142], "SHELXC,": [143], "SHELXE": [146], "proving": [148], "experimental": [152], "phasing": [153], "macromolecules,": [155], "especially": [156], "because": [157], "they": [158], "fast": [160], "robust": [162], "pipelines": [169], "high-throughput": [171], "phasing.": [172], "This": [173], "paper": [174], "could": [175], "serve": [176], "literature": [180], "citation": [181], "when": [182], "one": [183], "more": [185], "open-source": [188], "(and": [191], "Bruker": [193], "AXS": [194], "version": [195], "SHELXTL)": [196], "course": [201], "crystal-structure": [204], "determination.": [205]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 393}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1943}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2322}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2341}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2518}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2871}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3411}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3831}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4384}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 5156}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 5823}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 6127}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 6376}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 6576}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 8260}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1901129140", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28", "title": "U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation", "display_name": "U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation", "publication_year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1901129140", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28", "mag": "1901129140"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S106296714", "display_name": "Lecture notes in computer science", "issn_l": "0302-9743", "issn": ["0302-9743", "1611-3349"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "book series"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Lecture Notes in Computer Science", "raw_type": "book-chapter"}, "type": "book-chapter", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045981348", "display_name": "Olaf Ronneberger", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4266-1515"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I161046081", "display_name": "University of Freiburg", "ror": "https://ror.org/0245cg223", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Olaf Ronneberger", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computer Science Department and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Science Department and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041583196", "display_name": "Philipp Fischer", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3357-5420"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I161046081", "display_name": "University of Freiburg", "ror": "https://ror.org/0245cg223", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Philipp Fischer", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computer Science Department and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Science Department and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070290355", "display_name": "Thomas Brox", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-8861"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I161046081", "display_name": "University of Freiburg", "ror": "https://ror.org/0245cg223", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Thomas Brox", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computer Science Department and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Science Department and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5045981348"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I161046081"], "apc_list": {"value": 5000, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 5392}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 691.9913, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 86609, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": "234", "last_page": "241"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12859", "display_name": "Cell Image Analysis Techniques", "score": 0.9987999796867371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1304", "display_name": "Biophysics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12859", "display_name": "Cell Image Analysis Techniques", "score": 0.9987999796867371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1304", "display_name": "Biophysics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9986000061035156, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13114", "display_name": "Image Processing Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9958000183105469, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2214", "display_name": "Media Technology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.8862078189849854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.7002106308937073}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation", "display_name": "Segmentation", "score": 0.6719903945922852}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/margin", "display_name": "Margin (machine learning)", "score": 0.661852240562439}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-window-protocol", "display_name": "Sliding window protocol", "score": 0.6273837685585022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/context", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "score": 0.5723255276679993}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/path", "display_name": "Path (computing)", "score": 0.5234743356704712}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation", "display_name": "Image segmentation", "score": 0.5164766311645508}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.4943387508392334}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/network-architecture", "display_name": "Network architecture", "score": 0.47180619835853577}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "score": 0.4360731840133667}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/window", "display_name": "Window (computing)", "score": 0.4321242570877075}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network", "display_name": "Convolutional neural network", "score": 0.42563506960868835}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision", "display_name": "Computer vision", "score": 0.4167029857635498}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.17055156826972961}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network", "display_name": "Computer network", "score": 0.09979626536369324}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.8862078189849854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.7002106308937073}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C89600930", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946", "display_name": "Segmentation", "level": 2, "score": 0.6719903945922852}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C774472", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393", "display_name": "Margin (machine learning)", "level": 2, "score": 0.661852240562439}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C102392041", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860", "display_name": "Sliding window protocol", "level": 3, "score": 0.6273837685585022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5723255276679993}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777735758", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765", "display_name": "Path (computing)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5234743356704712}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124504099", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933", "display_name": "Image segmentation", "level": 3, "score": 0.5164766311645508}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4943387508392334}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C193415008", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681", "display_name": "Network architecture", "level": 2, "score": 0.47180619835853577}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115961682", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4360731840133667}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778751112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016", "display_name": "Window (computing)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4321242570877075}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C81363708", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460", "display_name": "Convolutional neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.42563506960868835}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C31972630", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240", "display_name": "Computer vision", "level": 1, "score": 0.4167029857635498}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.17055156826972961}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C31258907", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371", "display_name": "Computer network", "level": 1, "score": 0.09979626536369324}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205", "display_name": "Paleontology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S106296714", "display_name": "Lecture notes in computer science", "issn_l": "0302-9743", "issn": ["0302-9743", "1611-3349"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "book series"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Lecture Notes in Computer Science", "raw_type": "book-chapter"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S106296714", "display_name": "Lecture notes in computer science", "issn_l": "0302-9743", "issn": ["0302-9743", "1611-3349"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "book series"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Lecture Notes in Computer Science", "raw_type": "book-chapter"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9", "display_name": "Industry, innovation and infrastructure", "score": 0.46000000834465027}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1901129140.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 13, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1677182931", "https://openalex.org/W1686810756", "https://openalex.org/W1893585201", "https://openalex.org/W1903029394", "https://openalex.org/W1948751323", "https://openalex.org/W1969013163", "https://openalex.org/W2106146968", "https://openalex.org/W2141273399", "https://openalex.org/W2147800946", "https://openalex.org/W2148349024", "https://openalex.org/W2155893237", "https://openalex.org/W2163605009", "https://openalex.org/W2167510172"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2517104666", "https://openalex.org/W2005437358", "https://openalex.org/W1669643531", "https://openalex.org/W2008656436", "https://openalex.org/W2134924024", "https://openalex.org/W2023558673", "https://openalex.org/W2110230079", "https://openalex.org/W1982826852", "https://openalex.org/W2613186388", "https://openalex.org/W1967061043"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1951}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 13861}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 14534}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 13563}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 11601}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 12268}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 9189}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 6148}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2640}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 708}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 117}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 4}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1847168837", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6", "title": "\u201cMini-mental state\u201d", "display_name": "\u201cMini-mental state\u201d", "publication_year": 1975, "publication_date": "1975-11-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1847168837", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6", "mag": "1847168837", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1202204"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S160879026", "display_name": "Journal of Psychiatric Research", "issn_l": "0022-3956", "issn": ["0022-3956", "1879-1379"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Psychiatric Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111919977", "display_name": "Marshal F. Folstein", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "display_name": "Cornell University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bnh6r87", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I165690674", "display_name": "Oregon Health & Science University", "ror": "https://ror.org/009avj582", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Marshal F. Folstein", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Psychiatry, The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, Westchester Division, White Plains, New York 10605, U.S.A", "Department of Psychiatry, University of Oregon Medical School, Portland, Oregon 97201, U.S.A", "Cornell University", "Oregon Health and Science University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Psychiatry, The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, Westchester Division, White Plains, New York 10605, U.S.A", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Psychiatry, University of Oregon Medical School, Portland, Oregon 97201, U.S.A", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Cornell University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Oregon Health and Science University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065212941", "display_name": "Susan E. Folstein", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Susan E. Folstein", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Psychiatry, The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, Westchester Division, White Plains, New York 10605, U.S.A", "Department of Psychiatry, University of Oregon Medical School, Portland, Oregon 97201, U.S.A"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Psychiatry, The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, Westchester Division, White Plains, New York 10605, U.S.A", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Psychiatry, University of Oregon Medical School, Portland, Oregon 97201, U.S.A", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103269584", "display_name": "Paul R. McHugh", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2162-0762"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "display_name": "Cornell University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bnh6r87", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I165690674", "display_name": "Oregon Health & Science University", "ror": "https://ror.org/009avj582", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Paul R. McHugh", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Psychiatry, The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, Westchester Division, White Plains, New York 10605, U.S.A", "Department of Psychiatry, University of Oregon Medical School, Portland, Oregon 97201, U.S.A", "Cornell University", "Oregon Health and Science University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Psychiatry, The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, Westchester Division, White Plains, New York 10605, U.S.A", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Psychiatry, University of Oregon Medical School, Portland, Oregon 97201, U.S.A", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Cornell University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Oregon Health and Science University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5111919977"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165690674", "https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "apc_list": {"value": 3170, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3170}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 6.6239, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 86313, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.97344461, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "12", "issue": "3", "first_page": "189", "last_page": "198"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11071", "display_name": "Treatment of Major Depression", "score": 0.8402000069618225, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2736", "display_name": "Pharmacology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11071", "display_name": "Treatment of Major Depression", "score": 0.8402000069618225, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2736", "display_name": "Pharmacology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pronoun", "display_name": "Pronoun", "score": 0.8923078775405884}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-pronoun", "display_name": "Personal pronoun", "score": 0.7966752052307129}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.6600641012191772}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/subject-pronoun", "display_name": "Subject pronoun", "score": 0.6310626268386841}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics", "display_name": "Linguistics", "score": 0.5541585087776184}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia", "display_name": "Dementia", "score": 0.5476313233375549}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology", "display_name": "Developmental psychology", "score": 0.3533848524093628}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "score": 0.32901620864868164}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.16371354460716248}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/disease", "display_name": "Disease", "score": 0.1083848774433136}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778551981", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36224", "display_name": "Pronoun", "level": 2, "score": 0.8923078775405884}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C24184978", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468801", "display_name": "Personal pronoun", "level": 2, "score": 0.7966752052307129}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.6600641012191772}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2764733", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631398", "display_name": "Subject pronoun", "level": 3, "score": 0.6310626268386841}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162", "display_name": "Linguistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.5541585087776184}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779483572", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030", "display_name": "Dementia", "level": 3, "score": 0.5476313233375549}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138496976", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002", "display_name": "Developmental psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3533848524093628}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.32901620864868164}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.16371354460716248}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779134260", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136", "display_name": "Disease", "level": 2, "score": 0.1083848774433136}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000342", "descriptor_name": "Affective Symptoms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000342", "descriptor_name": "Affective Symptoms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000342", "descriptor_name": "Affective Symptoms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000368", "descriptor_name": "Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000368", "descriptor_name": "Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000368", "descriptor_name": "Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001523", "descriptor_name": "Mental Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001523", "descriptor_name": "Mental Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001523", "descriptor_name": "Mental Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001714", "descriptor_name": "Bipolar Disorder", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001714", "descriptor_name": "Bipolar Disorder", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001714", "descriptor_name": "Bipolar Disorder", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003071", "descriptor_name": "Cognition", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003071", "descriptor_name": "Cognition", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003071", "descriptor_name": "Cognition", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003072", "descriptor_name": "Cognition Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000209", "qualifier_name": "etiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003072", "descriptor_name": "Cognition Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000209", "qualifier_name": "etiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003072", "descriptor_name": "Cognition Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000209", "qualifier_name": "etiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003704", "descriptor_name": "Dementia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003704", "descriptor_name": "Dementia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003704", "descriptor_name": "Dementia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003863", "descriptor_name": "Depression", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003863", "descriptor_name": "Depression", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003863", "descriptor_name": "Depression", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003937", "descriptor_name": "Diagnosis, Differential", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003937", "descriptor_name": "Diagnosis, Differential", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003937", "descriptor_name": "Diagnosis, Differential", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006259", "descriptor_name": "Craniocerebral Trauma", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006259", "descriptor_name": "Craniocerebral Trauma", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006259", "descriptor_name": "Craniocerebral Trauma", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008609", "descriptor_name": "Mental Status Schedule", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008609", "descriptor_name": "Mental Status Schedule", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008609", "descriptor_name": "Mental Status Schedule", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008659", "descriptor_name": "Metabolic Diseases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008659", "descriptor_name": "Metabolic Diseases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008659", "descriptor_name": "Metabolic Diseases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009497", "descriptor_name": "Neurotic Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009497", "descriptor_name": "Neurotic Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009497", "descriptor_name": "Neurotic Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011569", "descriptor_name": "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011569", "descriptor_name": "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011569", "descriptor_name": "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012559", "descriptor_name": "Schizophrenia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012559", "descriptor_name": "Schizophrenia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012559", "descriptor_name": "Schizophrenia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019966", "descriptor_name": "Substance-Related Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019966", "descriptor_name": "Substance-Related Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019966", "descriptor_name": "Substance-Related Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S160879026", "display_name": "Journal of Psychiatric Research", "issn_l": "0022-3956", "issn": ["0022-3956", "1879-1379"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Psychiatric Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:1202204", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1202204", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of psychiatric research", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11139979710002346", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://openresearch.surrey.ac.uk/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/Longer-versus-shorter-daily-constraint-induced-movement/99516185802346", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210197018", "display_name": "View", "issn_l": "2688-268X", "issn": ["2688-268X", "2688-3988"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:epubs.surrey.ac.uk:822522", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/822522/", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400680", "display_name": "Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I28290843", "host_organization_name": "University of Surrey", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28290843"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 6, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1521059904", "https://openalex.org/W1987736762", "https://openalex.org/W2063977404", "https://openalex.org/W2127626512", "https://openalex.org/W2135732400", "https://openalex.org/W4248184440"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3089200134", "https://openalex.org/W599283666", "https://openalex.org/W93186300", "https://openalex.org/W2389400343", "https://openalex.org/W2355624202", "https://openalex.org/W102557411", "https://openalex.org/W2383579568", "https://openalex.org/W2385453859", "https://openalex.org/W1806115605", "https://openalex.org/W2353195714"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 667}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2725}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3243}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2897}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3393}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3760}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3744}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3515}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3306}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3418}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3563}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3751}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3817}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3726}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3667}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2314225431", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(90)90595-z", "title": "Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual", "display_name": "Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual", "publication_year": 1990, "publication_date": "1990-04-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2314225431", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(90)90595-z", "mag": "2314225431"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0003-2697(90)90595-z", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(90)90595-z", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7858788", "display_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "issn_l": "0003-2697", "issn": ["0003-2697", "1096-0309"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076080098", "display_name": "Prescott L. Deininger", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1067-3028"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I121820613", "display_name": "Louisiana State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05ect4e57", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801463575", "display_name": "University Medical Center New Orleans", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zrb2v54", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801463575", "https://openalex.org/I75420490"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Prescott Deininger", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biochemistry Louisiana State University Medical Center new Orleans, Louisiana 70112 USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biochemistry Louisiana State University Medical Center new Orleans, Louisiana 70112 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801463575", "https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5076080098"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I121820613", "https://openalex.org/I2801463575"], "apc_list": {"value": 3320, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3320}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1154.6875, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 86160, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "186", "issue": "1", "first_page": "182", "last_page": "183"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13937", "display_name": "Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research", "score": 0.23240000009536743, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13937", "display_name": "Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research", "score": 0.23240000009536743, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cloning", "display_name": "Cloning (programming)", "score": 0.6579941511154175}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.5747970938682556}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-cloning", "display_name": "Molecular cloning", "score": 0.4280606210231781}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.36210745573043823}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.28011149168014526}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.2798805832862854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.1197633147239685}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language", "display_name": "Programming language", "score": 0.10340029001235962}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/complementary-dna", "display_name": "Complementary DNA", "score": 0.06986689567565918}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C121050878", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135020", "display_name": "Cloning (programming)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6579941511154175}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5747970938682556}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C19924922", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408351", "display_name": "Molecular cloning", "level": 4, "score": 0.4280606210231781}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.36210745573043823}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.28011149168014526}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.2798805832862854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.1197633147239685}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.10340029001235962}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C187882448", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283478", "display_name": "Complementary DNA", "level": 3, "score": 0.06986689567565918}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0003-2697(90)90595-z", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(90)90595-z", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7858788", "display_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "issn_l": "0003-2697", "issn": ["0003-2697", "1096-0309"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2582580600", "https://openalex.org/W2393599865", "https://openalex.org/W2103537794", "https://openalex.org/W4226169816", "https://openalex.org/W2405885420", "https://openalex.org/W2907341619", "https://openalex.org/W2503375943", "https://openalex.org/W4245791825", "https://openalex.org/W2024787316", "https://openalex.org/W2125480872"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 407}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 660}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 866}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 928}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1082}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1168}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1257}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1356}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1246}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1494}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1535}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1688}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1744}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2070}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4300870773", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1270020", "title": "Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences", "display_name": "Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences", "publication_year": 1989, "publication_date": "1989-11-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4300870773", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1270020"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.2307/1270020", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1270020", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S985303", "display_name": "Technometrics", "issn_l": "0040-1706", "issn": ["0040-1706", "1537-2723"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320547", "host_organization_name": "Taylor & Francis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Taylor & Francis"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Technometrics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110163574", "display_name": "Keith E. Muller", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Keith Muller", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of North Carolina"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of North Carolina", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102808166", "display_name": "Jacob Cohen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2862-6550"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jacob Cohen", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5110163574"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 195.8062, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 83876, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "31", "issue": "4", "first_page": "499", "last_page": "499"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12175", "display_name": "Social Representations and Identity", "score": 0.8004999756813049, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12175", "display_name": "Social Representations and Identity", "score": 0.8004999756813049, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power", "display_name": "Statistical power", "score": 0.5314176678657532}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/power-analysis", "display_name": "Power analysis", "score": 0.46411022543907166}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-analysis", "display_name": "Statistical analysis", "score": 0.4315451383590698}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioural-sciences", "display_name": "Behavioural sciences", "score": 0.4179341495037079}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/power", "display_name": "Power (physics)", "score": 0.40928974747657776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.4082631766796112}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.3838704526424408}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.3779347538948059}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics", "display_name": "Econometrics", "score": 0.3603430688381195}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.335858017206192}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science", "display_name": "Data science", "score": 0.33406710624694824}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.06485593318939209}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C96608239", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823", "display_name": "Statistical power", "level": 2, "score": 0.5314176678657532}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71743495", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845210", "display_name": "Power analysis", "level": 3, "score": 0.46411022543907166}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2986587452", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438", "display_name": "Statistical analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.4315451383590698}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C5570062", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3919817", "display_name": "Behavioural sciences", "level": 2, "score": 0.4179341495037079}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C163258240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342", "display_name": "Power (physics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.40928974747657776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.4082631766796112}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3838704526424408}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3779347538948059}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039", "display_name": "Econometrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3603430688381195}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.335858017206192}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463", "display_name": "Data science", "level": 1, "score": 0.33406710624694824}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.06485593318939209}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257", "display_name": "Psychotherapist", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.2307/1270020", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1270020", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S985303", "display_name": "Technometrics", "issn_l": "0040-1706", "issn": ["0040-1706", "1537-2723"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320547", "host_organization_name": "Taylor & Francis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Taylor & Francis"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Technometrics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2001107817", "https://openalex.org/W4302593120", "https://openalex.org/W2480581652", "https://openalex.org/W1580461001", "https://openalex.org/W2883778230", "https://openalex.org/W1857390120", "https://openalex.org/W2087484885", "https://openalex.org/W2052658792", "https://openalex.org/W2088395883", "https://openalex.org/W4283734995"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3266}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5360}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6162}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6338}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6777}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 6424}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 5525}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 5034}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4553}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 4198}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3782}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3488}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2988}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2671}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2156098321", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535", "title": "Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement", "display_name": "Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement", "publication_year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-07-21", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2156098321", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535", "mag": "2156098321", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19622551"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535", "pdf_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/339/bmj.b2535.full.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S192814187", "display_name": "BMJ", "issn_l": "0959-8138", "issn": ["0959-8138"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319945", "host_organization_name": "BMJ", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["BMJ"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "BMJ", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/339/bmj.b2535.full.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068353058", "display_name": "David Moher", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-4206"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c62dg59", "country_code": "CA", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I153718931", "display_name": "University of Ottawa", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c4mmv16", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4388482656", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05jtef216", "country_code": null, "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931", "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "D. Moher", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. dmoher@ohri.ca", "Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. dmoher@ohri.ca", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113580052", "display_name": "A. Liberati", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I122346577", "display_name": "University of Modena and Reggio Emilia", "ror": "https://ror.org/02d4c4y02", "country_code": "IT", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I19630809", "display_name": "Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/05aspc753", "country_code": "IT", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19630809", "https://openalex.org/I4210110338", "https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}], "countries": ["IT"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "A. Liberati", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy", "Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19630809"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076572041", "display_name": "Jennifer Tetzlaff", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0787-5363"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4388482656", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05jtef216", "country_code": null, "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931", "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c62dg59", "country_code": "CA", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. Tetzlaff", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042962646", "display_name": "Douglas G. Altman", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-4083"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I40120149", "display_name": "University of Oxford", "ror": "https://ror.org/052gg0110", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "D. G Altman", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "for the PRISMA Group", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "for the PRISMA Group", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 3, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5068353058"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931", "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 640.8891, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 82928, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "339", "issue": "jul21 1", "first_page": "b2535", "last_page": "b2535"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.9987999796867371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.9987999796867371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12443", "display_name": "Delphi Technique in Research", "score": 0.9846000075340271, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11744", "display_name": "Health Sciences Research and Education", "score": 0.9638000130653381, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3600", "display_name": "General Health Professions"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/36", "display_name": "Health Professions"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review", "display_name": "Systematic review", "score": 0.7104284167289734}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statement", "display_name": "Statement (logic)", "score": 0.6835535764694214}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.535333514213562}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval", "display_name": "Information retrieval", "score": 0.4949745535850525}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science", "display_name": "Data science", "score": 0.4716935455799103}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medline", "display_name": "MEDLINE", "score": 0.42469996213912964}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.3671656847000122}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "score": 0.3506365418434143}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.08249497413635254}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.08080971240997314}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C189708586", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425", "display_name": "Systematic review", "level": 3, "score": 0.7104284167289734}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777026412", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591", "display_name": "Statement (logic)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6835535764694214}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.535333514213562}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826", "display_name": "Information retrieval", "level": 1, "score": 0.4949745535850525}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463", "display_name": "Data science", "level": 1, "score": 0.4716935455799103}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899", "display_name": "MEDLINE", "level": 2, "score": 0.42469996213912964}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.3671656847000122}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "level": 1, "score": 0.3506365418434143}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.08249497413635254}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.08080971240997314}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010506", "descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010506", "descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010506", "descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010506", "descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010506", "descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011643", "descriptor_name": "Publishing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011643", "descriptor_name": "Publishing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011643", "descriptor_name": "Publishing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011643", "descriptor_name": "Publishing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011643", "descriptor_name": "Publishing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017594", "descriptor_name": "Publication Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017594", "descriptor_name": "Publication Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017594", "descriptor_name": "Publication Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017594", "descriptor_name": "Publication Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017594", "descriptor_name": "Publication Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055317", "descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055317", "descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055317", "descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055317", "descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055317", "descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 6, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535", "pdf_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/339/bmj.b2535.full.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S192814187", "display_name": "BMJ", "issn_l": "0959-8138", "issn": ["0959-8138"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319945", "host_organization_name": "BMJ", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["BMJ"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "BMJ", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:19622551", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19622551", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "BMJ (Clinical research ed.)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmid:19631508", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19631508", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of clinical epidemiology", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/211973", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2434/211973", "pdf_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2434/211973", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400516", "display_name": "Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I189158943", "host_organization_name": "University of Milan", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I189158943"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/211629", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2434/211629", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400516", "display_name": "Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I189158943", "host_organization_name": "University of Milan", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I189158943"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1865975", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2714657", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535", "pdf_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/339/bmj.b2535.full.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S192814187", "display_name": "BMJ", "issn_l": "0959-8138", "issn": ["0959-8138"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319945", "host_organization_name": "BMJ", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["BMJ"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "BMJ", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G3030655770", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Research Chair", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334506", "funder_display_name": "Canadian Institutes of Health Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4389354971", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Research", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334506", "funder_display_name": "Canadian Institutes of Health Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6282788884", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Canadian Institutes of Health", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334506", "funder_display_name": "Canadian Institutes of Health Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6509580433", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Switzerland", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320310992", "funder_display_name": "University of Bern"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8189406124", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Knowledge", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334506", "funder_display_name": "Canadian Institutes of Health Research"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320307773", "display_name": "GlaxoSmithKline", "ror": "https://ror.org/01xsqw823"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320309610", "display_name": "Health Services Research and Development", "ror": "https://ror.org/05rsv9s98"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320310145", "display_name": "Johns Hopkins University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320310630", "display_name": "University of Ottawa", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c4mmv16"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320310992", "display_name": "University of Bern", "ror": "https://ror.org/02k7v4d05"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320311323", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c62dg59"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320311526", "display_name": "McMaster University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02fa3aq29"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320319985", "display_name": "Cancer Research UK", "ror": "https://ror.org/054225q67"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320331527", "display_name": "University of Ioannina", "ror": "https://ror.org/01qg3j183"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332669", "display_name": "Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334506", "display_name": "Canadian Institutes of Health Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/01gavpb45"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334626", "display_name": "Medical Research Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/03x94j517"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335608", "display_name": "Care and Public Health Research Institute, Universiteit Maastricht", "ror": null}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2156098321.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 57, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W160580327", "https://openalex.org/W1490605517", "https://openalex.org/W1522513710", "https://openalex.org/W1560778466", "https://openalex.org/W1590137713", "https://openalex.org/W1690786713", "https://openalex.org/W1774591799", "https://openalex.org/W1853602163", "https://openalex.org/W1971186240", "https://openalex.org/W1972054739", "https://openalex.org/W1980300818", "https://openalex.org/W1982260074", "https://openalex.org/W1983540313", "https://openalex.org/W2000442546", "https://openalex.org/W2012932483", "https://openalex.org/W2015421910", "https://openalex.org/W2029163232", "https://openalex.org/W2043759984", "https://openalex.org/W2058084426", "https://openalex.org/W2065267852", "https://openalex.org/W2066896354", "https://openalex.org/W2067550511", "https://openalex.org/W2068694980", "https://openalex.org/W2068769841", "https://openalex.org/W2093211493", "https://openalex.org/W2093579014", "https://openalex.org/W2098631889", "https://openalex.org/W2100729569", "https://openalex.org/W2102487800", "https://openalex.org/W2112505828", "https://openalex.org/W2116810060", "https://openalex.org/W2129303461", "https://openalex.org/W2129829737", "https://openalex.org/W2132161915", "https://openalex.org/W2133774931", "https://openalex.org/W2134833483", "https://openalex.org/W2135010675", "https://openalex.org/W2140521029", "https://openalex.org/W2144086043", "https://openalex.org/W2147581820", "https://openalex.org/W2158379591", "https://openalex.org/W2159096825", "https://openalex.org/W2163839878", "https://openalex.org/W2165010366", "https://openalex.org/W2599076725", "https://openalex.org/W2811157820", "https://openalex.org/W2912597760", "https://openalex.org/W2918689133", "https://openalex.org/W2982712704", "https://openalex.org/W2986772077", "https://openalex.org/W3022903699", "https://openalex.org/W4240149506", "https://openalex.org/W4254160334", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W6679206833", "https://openalex.org/W7073935243", "https://openalex.org/W7074072182"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W167088980", "https://openalex.org/W2475705533", "https://openalex.org/W186129870", "https://openalex.org/W3200522959", "https://openalex.org/W4389944781", "https://openalex.org/W2997993211", "https://openalex.org/W120415280", "https://openalex.org/W4383099232", "https://openalex.org/W2070311887", "https://openalex.org/W2115099528"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Structured": [0], "summary": [1, 6], "2": [2], "Provide": [3], "a": [4, 44], "structured": [5], "including,": [7], "as": [8], "applicable,": [9], "background,": [10], "objectives,": [11], "data": [12], "sources,": [13], "study": [14, 19], "eligibility": [15], "criteria,": [16], "participants,": [17], "interventions,": [18], "appraisal": [20], "and": [21, 27], "synthesis": [22, 74, 81], "methods,": [23], "results,": [24], "limitations,": [25], "conclusions": [26], "implications": [28], "of": [29, 37, 43, 48, 55, 63, 69, 76], "key": [30], "findings,": [31], "systematic": [32, 45], "review": [33, 46], "registration": [34], "number": [35], "Flow": [36], "information": [38], "through": [39, 51, 59], "the": [40], "different": [41], "phases": [42], "No": [47, 54, 62, 68, 75], "records": [49, 57, 64], "identified": [50, 58], "database": [52], "searching": [53], "additional": [56], "other": [60], "sources": [61], "after": [65], "duplicates": [66], "removed": [67], "studies": [70, 77], "included": [71, 78], "in": [72, 79], "qualitative": [73], "quantitative": [80], "(meta-analysis)": [82]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 387}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2206}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3612}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4975}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 7209}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 14939}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 12425}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 8586}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 6547}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 6024}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 5117}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3908}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2907}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1931}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1167}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1951724000", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01", "title": "Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using <b>lme4</b>", "display_name": "Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using <b>lme4</b>", "publication_year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1951724000", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01", "mag": "1951724000"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.18637/jss.v067.i01", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01", "pdf_url": "https://www.jstatsoft.org/index.php/jss/article/view/v067i01/v67i01.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S167961193", "display_name": "Journal of Statistical Software", "issn_l": "1548-7660", "issn": ["1548-7660"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315759", "host_organization_name": "Foundation for Open Access Statistics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315759"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Foundation for Open Access Statistics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Statistical Software", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "diamond", "oa_url": "https://www.jstatsoft.org/index.php/jss/article/view/v067i01/v67i01.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018754372", "display_name": "Douglas M. Bates", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8316-9503"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I135310074", "display_name": "University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison", "ror": "https://ror.org/01y2jtd41", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Douglas Bates", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Wisconsin-Madison"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Wisconsin-Madison", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041484206", "display_name": "Martin M\u00e4chler", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8685-9910"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I35440088", "display_name": "ETH Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a28rw58", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799323385", "https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Martin M\u00e4chler", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["ETH Zurich"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "ETH Zurich", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5021063042", "display_name": "Benjamin M. Bolker", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-0443"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98251732", "display_name": "McMaster University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02fa3aq29", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ben Bolker", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["McMaster University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "McMaster University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5043596018", "display_name": "Steve Walker", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6838-8334"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98251732", "display_name": "McMaster University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02fa3aq29", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Steve Walker", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["McMaster University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "McMaster University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 3, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5018754372"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 5130.6131, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 82884, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "67", "issue": "1", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13398", "display_name": "Data Analysis with R", "score": 0.9905999898910522, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13398", "display_name": "Data Analysis with R", "score": 0.9905999898910522, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10243", "display_name": "Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference", "score": 0.9732000231742859, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13283", "display_name": "Mental Health Research Topics", "score": 0.9253000020980835, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3205", "display_name": "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/restricted-maximum-likelihood", "display_name": "Restricted maximum likelihood", "score": 0.8522703647613525}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/deviance", "display_name": "Deviance (statistics)", "score": 0.82362961769104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-model", "display_name": "Mixed model", "score": 0.6247803568840027}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing", "display_name": "Smoothing", "score": 0.5928418040275574}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics", "display_name": "Applied mathematics", "score": 0.5896173715591431}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/likelihood-function", "display_name": "Likelihood function", "score": 0.5652657151222229}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.5637896060943604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-linear-model", "display_name": "Generalized linear model", "score": 0.5608007311820984}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-model", "display_name": "Linear model", "score": 0.518374502658844}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood", "display_name": "Maximum likelihood", "score": 0.4974828064441681}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-linear-mixed-model", "display_name": "Generalized linear mixed model", "score": 0.4966593384742737}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/covariate", "display_name": "Covariate", "score": 0.4778599143028259}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.4247533082962036}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.37279438972473145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization", "display_name": "Mathematical optimization", "score": 0.36725032329559326}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.3670958876609802}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C61420037", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316301", "display_name": "Restricted maximum likelihood", "level": 3, "score": 0.8522703647613525}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177599991", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3706279", "display_name": "Deviance (statistics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.82362961769104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C16012445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501135", "display_name": "Mixed model", "level": 2, "score": 0.6247803568840027}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3770464", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963", "display_name": "Smoothing", "level": 2, "score": 0.5928418040275574}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C28826006", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521", "display_name": "Applied mathematics", "level": 1, "score": 0.5896173715591431}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C89106044", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45284", "display_name": "Likelihood function", "level": 3, "score": 0.5652657151222229}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.5637896060943604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41587187", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501882", "display_name": "Generalized linear model", "level": 2, "score": 0.5608007311820984}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C163175372", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222", "display_name": "Linear model", "level": 2, "score": 0.518374502658844}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49781872", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555", "display_name": "Maximum likelihood", "level": 2, "score": 0.4974828064441681}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153720581", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532490", "display_name": "Generalized linear mixed model", "level": 2, "score": 0.4966593384742737}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119043178", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723", "display_name": "Covariate", "level": 2, "score": 0.4778599143028259}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.4247533082962036}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.37279438972473145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126255220", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495", "display_name": "Mathematical optimization", "level": 1, "score": 0.36725032329559326}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3670958876609802}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.18637/jss.v067.i01", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01", "pdf_url": "https://www.jstatsoft.org/index.php/jss/article/view/v067i01/v67i01.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S167961193", "display_name": "Journal of Statistical Software", "issn_l": "1548-7660", "issn": ["1548-7660"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315759", "host_organization_name": "Foundation for Open Access Statistics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315759"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Foundation for Open Access Statistics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Statistical Software", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7f279483412348928f01507440b0360d", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/7f279483412348928f01507440b0360d", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S112646816", "display_name": "SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda", "issn_l": "0300-5267", "issn": ["0300-5267", "2340-4078"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Statistical Software, Vol 67, Iss 1, Pp 1-48 (2015)", "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.18637/jss.v067.i01", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01", "pdf_url": "https://www.jstatsoft.org/index.php/jss/article/view/v067i01/v67i01.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S167961193", "display_name": "Journal of Statistical Software", "issn_l": "1548-7660", "issn": ["1548-7660"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315759", "host_organization_name": "Foundation for Open Access Statistics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315759"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Foundation for Open Access Statistics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Statistical Software", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320329205", "display_name": "Banff International Research Station for Mathematical Innovation and Discovery", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334593", "display_name": "Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada", "ror": "https://ror.org/01h531d29"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1951724000.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1951724000.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 48, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W348255556", "https://openalex.org/W1231265883", "https://openalex.org/W1520511539", "https://openalex.org/W1549371580", "https://openalex.org/W1587094587", "https://openalex.org/W1756240476", "https://openalex.org/W1770100412", "https://openalex.org/W1864722563", "https://openalex.org/W1967282477", "https://openalex.org/W1972790352", "https://openalex.org/W1981457167", "https://openalex.org/W1981747359", "https://openalex.org/W1983955927", "https://openalex.org/W1991769471", "https://openalex.org/W2018089423", "https://openalex.org/W2033623507", "https://openalex.org/W2045656233", "https://openalex.org/W2068047481", "https://openalex.org/W2070779353", "https://openalex.org/W2082246284", "https://openalex.org/W2089024363", "https://openalex.org/W2094761105", "https://openalex.org/W2097879961", "https://openalex.org/W2100128674", "https://openalex.org/W2105208711", "https://openalex.org/W2129731748", "https://openalex.org/W2145147745", "https://openalex.org/W2149719430", "https://openalex.org/W2149851338", "https://openalex.org/W2155382668", "https://openalex.org/W2165693128", "https://openalex.org/W2172199324", "https://openalex.org/W2413573154", "https://openalex.org/W2500756573", "https://openalex.org/W2582743722", "https://openalex.org/W2798510847", "https://openalex.org/W3031689935", "https://openalex.org/W3086315876", "https://openalex.org/W4248681815", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W4302067479", "https://openalex.org/W4323359902", "https://openalex.org/W4399526077", "https://openalex.org/W4399568367", "https://openalex.org/W4399638382", "https://openalex.org/W4399638802", "https://openalex.org/W6662203318", "https://openalex.org/W7042992136"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2356286374", "https://openalex.org/W4206244409", "https://openalex.org/W2142192359", "https://openalex.org/W225107685", "https://openalex.org/W2322067643", "https://openalex.org/W2100627777", "https://openalex.org/W2500362368", "https://openalex.org/W2347384281", "https://openalex.org/W1973145724", "https://openalex.org/W2048941127"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Maximum": [0], "likelihood": [1, 5], "or": [2, 72, 122, 130, 165], "restricted": [3], "maximum": [4], "(REML)": [6], "estimates": [7], "of": [8, 64, 83, 85, 96, 112, 128, 144], "the": [9, 19, 23, 35, 65, 69, 73, 86, 97, 105, 110, 113, 115, 119, 126, 174], "parameters": [10], "in": [11, 22, 33, 39, 46, 101, 117, 173], "linear": [12, 157], "mixed-effects": [13], "models": [14, 162], "can": [15, 77], "be": [16, 78], "determined": [17], "using": [18, 94], "lmer": [20, 41], "function": [21, 82], "lme4": [24], "package": [25], "for": [26, 29], "R.": [27], "As": [28], "most": [30], "model-fitting": [31], "functions": [32, 100, 153], "R,": [34, 102], "model": [36, 66, 87], "is": [37, 92, 139], "described": [38], "an": [40], "call": [42], "by": [43, 147, 178], "a": [44, 61, 81, 135], "formula,": [45], "this": [47], "case": [48], "including": [49], "both": [50], "fixed-": [51], "and": [52, 57, 125], "random-effects": [53], "terms.": [54], "The": [55, 89], "formula": [56, 175], "data": [58], "together": [59], "determine": [60], "numerical": [62], "representation": [63], "from": [67], "which": [68], "profiled": [70, 74, 120], "deviance": [71, 121], "REML": [75, 123], "criterion": [76, 91], "evaluated": [79], "as": [80, 161], "some": [84], "parameters.": [88], "appropriate": [90], "optimized,": [93], "one": [95], "constrained": [98], "optimization": [99], "to": [103, 141, 151, 154], "provide": [104], "parameter": [106], "estimates.": [107], "We": [108], "describe": [109], "structure": [111, 127], "model,": [114], "steps": [116], "evaluating": [118], "criterion,": [124], "classes": [129], "types": [131], "that": [132, 168], "represents": [133], "such": [134, 160], "model.": [136], "Sufficient": [137], "detail": [138], "included": [140], "allow": [142], "specialization": [143], "these": [145], "structures": [146], "users": [148], "who": [149], "wish": [150], "write": [152], "fit": [155], "specialized": [156], "mixed": [158], "models,": [159], "incorporating": [163], "pedigrees": [164], "smoothing": [166], "splines,": [167], "are": [169], "not": [170], "easily": [171], "expressible": [172], "language": [176], "used": [177], "lmer.": [179]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 3050}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 11711}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 10875}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 9854}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 9484}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 10611}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 8668}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 6940}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 5429}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3779}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1916}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 403}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 49}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 23}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2099697766", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t", "title": "The theory of planned behavior", "display_name": "The theory of planned behavior", "publication_year": 1991, "publication_date": "1991-12-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2099697766", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t", "mag": "2099697766"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64744539", "display_name": "Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes", "issn_l": "0749-5978", "issn": ["0749-5978", "1095-9920"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038084567", "display_name": "Icek Ajzen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8101-6300"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I24603500", "display_name": "University of Massachusetts Amherst", "ror": "https://ror.org/0072zz521", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Icek Ajzen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Massachusetts at Amherst USA", "University of Massachusetts at Amherst, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Massachusetts at Amherst USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Massachusetts at Amherst, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5038084567"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24603500"], "apc_list": {"value": 3120, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3120}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 32.7285, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 82370, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99695586, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "50", "issue": "2", "first_page": "179", "last_page": "211"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11542", "display_name": "Behavioral Health and Interventions", "score": 0.9901000261306763, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3202", "display_name": "Applied Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11542", "display_name": "Behavioral Health and Interventions", "score": 0.9901000261306763, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3202", "display_name": "Applied Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10826", "display_name": "Behavioral and Psychological Studies", "score": 0.9771000146865845, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3204", "display_name": "Developmental and Educational Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10646", "display_name": "Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies", "score": 0.9672999978065491, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3311", "display_name": "Safety Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-planned-behavior", "display_name": "Theory of planned behavior", "score": 0.8603204488754272}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.7904657125473022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/expectancy-theory", "display_name": "Expectancy theory", "score": 0.7043168544769287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/normative", "display_name": "Normative", "score": 0.677580714225769}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/variance", "display_name": "Variance (accounting)", "score": 0.5770643353462219}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology", "display_name": "Social psychology", "score": 0.5706764459609985}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/perception", "display_name": "Perception", "score": 0.507665753364563}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/control", "display_name": "Control (management)", "score": 0.48835036158561707}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/value", "display_name": "Value (mathematics)", "score": 0.4625524878501892}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "score": 0.3736320734024048}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.148562490940094}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.09377801418304443}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.08163410425186157}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C89785696", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2290753", "display_name": "Theory of planned behavior", "level": 3, "score": 0.8603204488754272}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.7904657125473022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188353592", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586", "display_name": "Expectancy theory", "level": 2, "score": 0.7043168544769287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C44725695", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156", "display_name": "Normative", "level": 2, "score": 0.677580714225769}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C196083921", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758", "display_name": "Variance (accounting)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5770643353462219}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5706764459609985}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26760741", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402", "display_name": "Perception", "level": 2, "score": 0.507665753364563}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775924081", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371", "display_name": "Control (management)", "level": 2, "score": 0.48835036158561707}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776291640", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517", "display_name": "Value (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4625524878501892}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3736320734024048}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.148562490940094}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.09377801418304443}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.08163410425186157}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453", "display_name": "Business", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121955636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214", "display_name": "Accounting", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S64744539", "display_name": "Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes", "issn_l": "0749-5978", "issn": ["0749-5978", "1095-9920"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.317.9673", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.317.9673", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://people.umass.edu/~psyc661/pdf/tpb.obhdp.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:jobhdp:v:50:y:1991:i:2:p:179-211", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0749-5978(91)90020-T", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I77793887", "host_organization_name": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I77793887"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/1038", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1038", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196388", "display_name": "DSPACE System - Metalibrary (University of the Coast)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4210112678", "host_organization_name": "University of the Coast", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210112678"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:roderic.uv.es:10550/111289", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400245", "display_name": "Repository of Digital Objects for Teaching Research and Culture (University of Valencia)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I16097986", "host_organization_name": "Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16097986"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "VoR"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10", "display_name": "Reduced inequalities", "score": 0.7599999904632568}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 131, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W24637300", "https://openalex.org/W131469073", "https://openalex.org/W171375216", "https://openalex.org/W173977985", "https://openalex.org/W568022756", "https://openalex.org/W606251570", "https://openalex.org/W627516473", "https://openalex.org/W637988527", "https://openalex.org/W945484573", "https://openalex.org/W1490774257", "https://openalex.org/W1491644571", "https://openalex.org/W1512664624", "https://openalex.org/W1517229207", "https://openalex.org/W1518638857", "https://openalex.org/W1522816386", "https://openalex.org/W1524589575", "https://openalex.org/W1539896512", "https://openalex.org/W1598189411", "https://openalex.org/W1707403986", "https://openalex.org/W1787891958", "https://openalex.org/W1807256883", "https://openalex.org/W1826164527", "https://openalex.org/W1933814166", "https://openalex.org/W1970609724", "https://openalex.org/W1971469686", "https://openalex.org/W1974928328", "https://openalex.org/W1976501219", "https://openalex.org/W1981018178", "https://openalex.org/W1982210139", "https://openalex.org/W1984175981", "https://openalex.org/W1984314602", "https://openalex.org/W1989787460", "https://openalex.org/W1993177750", "https://openalex.org/W1996443718", "https://openalex.org/W1996906380", "https://openalex.org/W2010134734", "https://openalex.org/W2013267907", "https://openalex.org/W2014927996", "https://openalex.org/W2018697112", "https://openalex.org/W2021485904", "https://openalex.org/W2029120965", "https://openalex.org/W2031630383", "https://openalex.org/W2036389121", "https://openalex.org/W2044110885", "https://openalex.org/W2045458992", "https://openalex.org/W2052166427", "https://openalex.org/W2054291424", "https://openalex.org/W2054643262", "https://openalex.org/W2055642223", "https://openalex.org/W2056877099", "https://openalex.org/W2057286267", "https://openalex.org/W2057733567", "https://openalex.org/W2057747990", "https://openalex.org/W2058653372", "https://openalex.org/W2059637860", "https://openalex.org/W2062121040", "https://openalex.org/W2065090143", "https://openalex.org/W2066099296", "https://openalex.org/W2066424242", "https://openalex.org/W2067048476", "https://openalex.org/W2068454991", "https://openalex.org/W2068678418", "https://openalex.org/W2069693337", "https://openalex.org/W2070202550", "https://openalex.org/W2072463427", "https://openalex.org/W2073642042", "https://openalex.org/W2076178096", "https://openalex.org/W2080334910", "https://openalex.org/W2081478514", "https://openalex.org/W2093002426", "https://openalex.org/W2094942945", "https://openalex.org/W2098688395", "https://openalex.org/W2100826189", "https://openalex.org/W2103591548", "https://openalex.org/W2111230857", "https://openalex.org/W2112490664", "https://openalex.org/W2115124322", "https://openalex.org/W2125272611", "https://openalex.org/W2131639346", "https://openalex.org/W2137369627", "https://openalex.org/W2137524541", "https://openalex.org/W2141779274", "https://openalex.org/W2143848304", "https://openalex.org/W2149183258", "https://openalex.org/W2150633520", "https://openalex.org/W2159306398", "https://openalex.org/W2160036433", "https://openalex.org/W2169122989", "https://openalex.org/W2171858457", "https://openalex.org/W2179683524", "https://openalex.org/W2313184880", "https://openalex.org/W2314112549", "https://openalex.org/W2317722949", "https://openalex.org/W2331363976", "https://openalex.org/W2331902193", "https://openalex.org/W2399753970", "https://openalex.org/W2416868893", "https://openalex.org/W2480853801", "https://openalex.org/W2483760790", "https://openalex.org/W2501659236", "https://openalex.org/W2541111766", "https://openalex.org/W2579555219", "https://openalex.org/W2606066388", "https://openalex.org/W2888190061", "https://openalex.org/W2896328440", "https://openalex.org/W2914819888", "https://openalex.org/W3081595353", "https://openalex.org/W3142911934", "https://openalex.org/W3205132255", "https://openalex.org/W3216696244", "https://openalex.org/W4213479414", "https://openalex.org/W4231350433", "https://openalex.org/W4238957338", "https://openalex.org/W4240718341", "https://openalex.org/W4242163094", "https://openalex.org/W4255743073", "https://openalex.org/W4256281973", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W4292808503", "https://openalex.org/W4293176859", "https://openalex.org/W6605357963", "https://openalex.org/W6607078717", "https://openalex.org/W6624819770", "https://openalex.org/W6631183451", "https://openalex.org/W6632363340", "https://openalex.org/W6640472564", "https://openalex.org/W6721343992", "https://openalex.org/W6724330795", "https://openalex.org/W6802343708", "https://openalex.org/W6804651190", "https://openalex.org/W7073832199"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2067108088", "https://openalex.org/W4246049162", "https://openalex.org/W2016607578", "https://openalex.org/W2059399538", "https://openalex.org/W4234858211", "https://openalex.org/W2035655022", "https://openalex.org/W2293633609", "https://openalex.org/W2018788837", "https://openalex.org/W2028476291", "https://openalex.org/W2057623740"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2243}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 8445}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 7290}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6777}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6494}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6265}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5342}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4493}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3860}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3498}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3446}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3567}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3373}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2918}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2618}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1979544533", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.59.1758", "title": "From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method", "display_name": "From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method", "publication_year": 1999, "publication_date": "1999-01-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1979544533", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.59.1758", "mag": "1979544533"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.59.1758", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.59.1758", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174675", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "issn_l": "0163-1829", "issn": ["0163-1829", "1095-3795"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5019751186", "display_name": "Georg Kresse", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9102-4259"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I145847075", "display_name": "TU Wien", "ror": "https://ror.org/04d836q62", "country_code": "AT", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}], "countries": ["AT"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "G. Kresse", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/136, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "Instit\u00fct f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik Technische, Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/136, A-1040 Wien, Austria"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/136, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Instit\u00fct f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik Technische, Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/136, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5063903403", "display_name": "Daniel P. Joubert", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4586-5599"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I192619145", "display_name": "University of the Witwatersrand", "ror": "https://ror.org/03rp50x72", "country_code": "ZA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I145847075", "display_name": "TU Wien", "ror": "https://ror.org/04d836q62", "country_code": "AT", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}], "countries": ["AT", "ZA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "D. Joubert", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/136, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "Physics Department, University of the Witwatersrand, P O Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/136, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Physics Department, University of the Witwatersrand, P O Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5019751186"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 35.423, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 81724, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99931465, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "59", "issue": "3", "first_page": "1758", "last_page": "1775"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10413", "display_name": "High-pressure geophysics and materials", "score": 0.9991000294685364, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1908", "display_name": "Geophysics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11341", "display_name": "Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research", "score": 0.9990000128746033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudopotential", "display_name": "Pseudopotential", "score": 0.8130680322647095}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.6509464979171753}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/energy", "display_name": "Energy (signal processing)", "score": 0.5577389597892761}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/density-functional-theory", "display_name": "Density functional theory", "score": 0.5123282670974731}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tensor", "display_name": "Tensor (intrinsic definition)", "score": 0.4712679088115692}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-physics", "display_name": "Atomic physics", "score": 0.39110976457595825}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "score": 0.34653979539871216}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallography", "display_name": "Crystallography", "score": 0.3348017930984497}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.266296923160553}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry", "display_name": "Geometry", "score": 0.12906384468078613}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.07904848456382751}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C132378524", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769463", "display_name": "Pseudopotential", "level": 2, "score": 0.8130680322647095}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.6509464979171753}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C186370098", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787", "display_name": "Energy (signal processing)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5577389597892761}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C152365726", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048589", "display_name": "Density functional theory", "level": 2, "score": 0.5123282670974731}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C155281189", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518150", "display_name": "Tensor (intrinsic definition)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4712679088115692}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C184779094", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383", "display_name": "Atomic physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.39110976457595825}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.34653979539871216}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8010536", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398", "display_name": "Crystallography", "level": 1, "score": 0.3348017930984497}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.266296923160553}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.12906384468078613}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.07904848456382751}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.59.1758", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.59.1758", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174675", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "issn_l": "0163-1829", "issn": ["0163-1829", "1095-3795"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7", "display_name": "Affordable and clean energy", "score": 0.9200000166893005}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 44, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1583361545", "https://openalex.org/W1968174372", "https://openalex.org/W1968426044", "https://openalex.org/W1970127494", "https://openalex.org/W1972953571", "https://openalex.org/W1974987592", "https://openalex.org/W1980876277", "https://openalex.org/W1985915253", "https://openalex.org/W1987639131", "https://openalex.org/W1989060947", "https://openalex.org/W1992753351", "https://openalex.org/W1994260363", "https://openalex.org/W1996479714", "https://openalex.org/W2007395042", "https://openalex.org/W2014984574", "https://openalex.org/W2022937698", "https://openalex.org/W2024003451", "https://openalex.org/W2026907619", "https://openalex.org/W2030582590", "https://openalex.org/W2038533471", "https://openalex.org/W2039626632", "https://openalex.org/W2041292953", "https://openalex.org/W2046001409", "https://openalex.org/W2051991015", "https://openalex.org/W2052637367", "https://openalex.org/W2055918144", "https://openalex.org/W2058853966", "https://openalex.org/W2060186248", "https://openalex.org/W2071447483", "https://openalex.org/W2075350076", "https://openalex.org/W2076858582", "https://openalex.org/W2081957755", "https://openalex.org/W2083222334", "https://openalex.org/W2087585288", "https://openalex.org/W2088380112", "https://openalex.org/W2088925773", "https://openalex.org/W2092274256", "https://openalex.org/W2098432400", "https://openalex.org/W2100875813", "https://openalex.org/W2230728100", "https://openalex.org/W2996306552", "https://openalex.org/W3206606417", "https://openalex.org/W4229724516", "https://openalex.org/W4229766111"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4233306072", "https://openalex.org/W2015672772", "https://openalex.org/W2027586671", "https://openalex.org/W1979571467", "https://openalex.org/W2068528528", "https://openalex.org/W2019629357", "https://openalex.org/W2033132814", "https://openalex.org/W2060769492", "https://openalex.org/W1997699652", "https://openalex.org/W4387880024"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 44], "formal": [1], "relationship": [2], "between": [3], "ultrasoft": [4], "(US)": [5], "Vanderbilt-type": [6], "pseudopotentials": [7, 27, 74], "and": [8, 49, 88, 93, 110, 131, 137], "Bl\\\"ochl's": [9], "projector": [10], "augmented": [11], "wave": [12], "(PAW)": [13], "method": [14, 67, 97], "is": [15, 18, 75, 125], "derived.": [16], "It": [17], "shown": [19], "that": [20], "the": [21, 47, 50, 65, 86, 91, 94, 128], "total": [22, 41], "energy": [23, 42], "functional": [24], "for": [25, 55], "US": [26, 73, 95], "can": [28], "be": [29], "obtained": [30], "by": [31], "linearization": [32], "of": [33, 90, 134], "two": [34], "terms": [35], "in": [36, 68], "a": [37], "slightly": [38], "modified": [39, 57], "PAW": [40, 58, 66, 92], "functional.": [43, 59], "Hamilton": [45], "operator,": [46], "forces,": [48], "stress": [51], "tensor": [52], "are": [53, 82], "derived": [54], "this": [56], "A": [60], "simple": [61], "way": [62], "to": [63, 84, 127], "implement": [64], "existing": [69], "plane-wave": [70], "codes": [71], "supporting": [72], "pointed": [76], "out.": [77], "In": [78], "addition,": [79], "critical": [80], "tests": [81, 105], "presented": [83], "compare": [85], "accuracy": [87], "efficiency": [89], "pseudopotential": [96], "with": [98], "relaxed": [99], "core": [100], "all": [101], "electron": [102], "methods.": [103], "These": [104], "include": [106], "small": [107], "molecules": [108], "$({\\mathrm{H}}_{2}{,\\mathrm{}\\mathrm{H}}_{2}{\\mathrm{O},\\mathrm{}\\mathrm{Li}}_{2}{,\\mathrm{}\\mathrm{N}}_{2}{,\\mathrm{}\\mathrm{F}}_{2}{,\\mathrm{}\\mathrm{BF}}_{3}{,\\mathrm{}\\mathrm{SiF}}_{4})$": [109], "several": [111], "bulk": [112, 129], "systems": [113], "(diamond,": [114], "Si,": [115], "V,": [116], "Li,": [117], "Ca,": [118], "${\\mathrm{CaF}}_{2},$": [119], "Fe,": [120, 135], "Co,": [121, 136], "Ni).": [122], "Particular": [123], "attention": [124], "paid": [126], "properties": [130], "magnetic": [132], "energies": [133], "Ni.": [138]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2172}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 8761}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 8161}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 7228}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6844}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6442}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5765}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 5099}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4595}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4079}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3667}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3237}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2796}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2391}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2176}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2919115771", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14539", "title": "Deep learning", "display_name": "Deep learning", "publication_year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-05-26", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2919115771", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14539", "mag": "2919115771", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26017442"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/nature14539", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14539", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "display_name": "Nature", "issn_l": "0028-0836", "issn": ["0028-0836", "1476-4687"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://hal.science/hal-04206682", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5001226970", "display_name": "Yann LeCun", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210114444", "display_name": "Meta (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/01zbnvs85", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I57206974", "display_name": "New York University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0190ak572", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yann LeCun", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1] Facebook AI Research, 770 Broadway, New York, New York 10003 USA. [2] New York University, 715 Broadway, New York, New York 10003, USA", "Facebook AI Research, 770 Broadway, New York, 10003, New York, USA", "New York University, 715 Broadway, New York, 10003, New York, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1] Facebook AI Research, 770 Broadway, New York, New York 10003 USA. [2] New York University, 715 Broadway, New York, New York 10003, USA", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Facebook AI Research, 770 Broadway, New York, 10003, New York, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "New York University, 715 Broadway, New York, 10003, New York, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5086198262", "display_name": "Yoshua Bengio", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9322-3515"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I70931966", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al", "ror": "https://ror.org/0161xgx34", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yoshua Bengio", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computer Science and Operations Research Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Pavillon Andr\u00e9-Aisenstadt, PO Box 6128 Centre-Ville STN Montr\u00e9al, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada", "Department of Computer Science and Operations Research Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Pavillon Andr\u00e9-Aisenstadt, PO Box 6128 Centre-Ville STN, Montr\u00e9al, H3C 3J7, Quebec, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science and Operations Research Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Pavillon Andr\u00e9-Aisenstadt, PO Box 6128 Centre-Ville STN Montr\u00e9al, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science and Operations Research Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Pavillon Andr\u00e9-Aisenstadt, PO Box 6128 Centre-Ville STN, Montr\u00e9al, H3C 3J7, Quebec, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108093963", "display_name": "Geoffrey E. Hinton", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "display_name": "Google (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00njsd438", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I106938459", "display_name": "University of New Brunswick", "ror": "https://ror.org/05nkf0n29", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I185261750", "display_name": "University of Toronto", "ror": "https://ror.org/03dbr7087", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}], "countries": ["CA", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Geoffrey Hinton", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1] Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043, USA. [2] Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 6 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada", "Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, 94043, California, USA", "Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 6 King's College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G4, Ontario, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1] Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043, USA. [2] Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 6 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, 94043, California, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 6 King's College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G4, Ontario, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750", "https://openalex.org/I106938459"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5001226970"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114444", "https://openalex.org/I57206974"], "apc_list": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1881.8561, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 79470, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 98, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "521", "issue": "7553", "first_page": "436", "last_page": "444"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10775", "display_name": "Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis", "score": 0.9987999796867371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10775", "display_name": "Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis", "score": 0.9987999796867371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.9972000122070312, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11512", "display_name": "Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9970999956130981, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.7997676134109497}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning", "display_name": "Deep learning", "score": 0.7106125950813293}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.6407221555709839}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction", "display_name": "Abstraction", "score": 0.5962026119232178}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/representation", "display_name": "Representation (politics)", "score": 0.5892231464385986}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/layer", "display_name": "Layer (electronics)", "score": 0.4816502630710602}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/object", "display_name": "Object (grammar)", "score": 0.45149773359298706}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation", "display_name": "Backpropagation", "score": 0.45104220509529114}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network", "display_name": "Convolutional neural network", "score": 0.4445376992225647}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning", "display_name": "Feature learning", "score": 0.4232310354709625}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.41093748807907104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition", "display_name": "Speech recognition", "score": 0.35180675983428955}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "score": 0.25419050455093384}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.7997676134109497}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C108583219", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536", "display_name": "Deep learning", "level": 2, "score": 0.7106125950813293}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.6407221555709839}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124304363", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661", "display_name": "Abstraction", "level": 2, "score": 0.5962026119232178}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776359362", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286", "display_name": "Representation (politics)", "level": 3, "score": 0.5892231464385986}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779227376", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497", "display_name": "Layer (electronics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4816502630710602}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781238097", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026", "display_name": "Object (grammar)", "level": 2, "score": 0.45149773359298706}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C155032097", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503", "display_name": "Backpropagation", "level": 3, "score": 0.45104220509529114}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C81363708", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460", "display_name": "Convolutional neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.4445376992225647}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C59404180", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334", "display_name": "Feature learning", "level": 2, "score": 0.4232310354709625}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.41093748807907104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C28490314", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436", "display_name": "Speech recognition", "level": 1, "score": 0.35180675983428955}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50644808", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.25419050455093384}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163", "display_name": "Politics", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001185", "descriptor_name": "Artificial Intelligence", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001185", "descriptor_name": "Artificial Intelligence", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001185", "descriptor_name": "Artificial Intelligence", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003201", "descriptor_name": "Computers", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003201", "descriptor_name": "Computers", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003201", "descriptor_name": "Computers", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007802", "descriptor_name": "Language", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007802", "descriptor_name": "Language", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007802", "descriptor_name": "Language", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016571", "descriptor_name": "Neural Networks, Computer", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016571", "descriptor_name": "Neural Networks, Computer", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016571", "descriptor_name": "Neural Networks, Computer", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/nature14539", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14539", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "display_name": "Nature", "issn_l": "0028-0836", "issn": ["0028-0836", "1476-4687"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:26017442", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26017442", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04206682v1", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://hal.science/hal-04206682", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4406922466", "display_name": "SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature, 2015, 521 (7553), pp.436-444. &#x27E8;10.1038/nature14539&#x27E9;", "raw_type": "Journal articles"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04206682v1", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://hal.science/hal-04206682", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4406922466", "display_name": "SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature, 2015, 521 (7553), pp.436-444. &#x27E8;10.1038/nature14539&#x27E9;", "raw_type": "Journal articles"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4", "display_name": "Quality Education", "score": 0.6499999761581421}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 53, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W146900863", "https://openalex.org/W170811313", "https://openalex.org/W1487583988", "https://openalex.org/W1498436455", "https://openalex.org/W1514535095", "https://openalex.org/W1573503290", "https://openalex.org/W1752712236", "https://openalex.org/W1970689298", "https://openalex.org/W1978592082", "https://openalex.org/W1993845689", "https://openalex.org/W1993882792", "https://openalex.org/W1999497791", "https://openalex.org/W1999798000", "https://openalex.org/W2022508996", "https://openalex.org/W2025768430", "https://openalex.org/W2064675550", "https://openalex.org/W2072128103", "https://openalex.org/W2074551195", "https://openalex.org/W2085989895", "https://openalex.org/W2088338354", "https://openalex.org/W2091987367", "https://openalex.org/W2095739681", "https://openalex.org/W2098580305", "https://openalex.org/W2100495367", "https://openalex.org/W2107878631", "https://openalex.org/W2108069432", "https://openalex.org/W2111304802", "https://openalex.org/W2112796928", "https://openalex.org/W2116360511", "https://openalex.org/W2117671523", "https://openalex.org/W2120284346", "https://openalex.org/W2120432001", "https://openalex.org/W2121289914", "https://openalex.org/W2136922672", "https://openalex.org/W2144015117", "https://openalex.org/W2144354855", "https://openalex.org/W2145339207", "https://openalex.org/W2146989110", "https://openalex.org/W2157331557", "https://openalex.org/W2158778629", "https://openalex.org/W2160815625", "https://openalex.org/W2163922914", "https://openalex.org/W2166206801", "https://openalex.org/W2169488311", "https://openalex.org/W2169805405", "https://openalex.org/W2800394774", "https://openalex.org/W3139812727", "https://openalex.org/W4232280717", "https://openalex.org/W4249882522", "https://openalex.org/W6630820455", "https://openalex.org/W6674914833", "https://openalex.org/W6683738474", "https://openalex.org/W6743198006"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2088845016", "https://openalex.org/W589102260", "https://openalex.org/W1966421350", "https://openalex.org/W1868434454", "https://openalex.org/W4226493464", "https://openalex.org/W3133861977", "https://openalex.org/W2951211570", "https://openalex.org/W3103566983", "https://openalex.org/W3048601286", "https://openalex.org/W2965925734"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2137}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 10572}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 9911}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 9272}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 9366}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 10210}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 9576}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 8336}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 5643}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3064}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1174}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 177}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 6}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2019-03-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1995875735", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x", "title": "A Mathematical Theory of Communication", "display_name": "A Mathematical Theory of Communication", "publication_year": 1948, "publication_date": "1948-07-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1995875735", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x", "mag": "1995875735"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127472826", "display_name": "Bell System Technical Journal", "issn_l": "0005-8580", "issn": ["0005-8580", "2376-7154"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bell System Technical Journal", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108520736", "display_name": "Claude E. Shannon", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "C. E. Shannon", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5108520736"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 79.8385, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 79413, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "27", "issue": "3", "first_page": "379", "last_page": "423"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11797", "display_name": "graph theory and CDMA systems", "score": 0.9363999962806702, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11797", "display_name": "graph theory and CDMA systems", "score": 0.9363999962806702, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11447", "display_name": "Blind Source Separation Techniques", "score": 0.90420001745224, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1711", "display_name": "Signal Processing"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth", "display_name": "Bandwidth (computing)", "score": 0.5265562534332275}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5086527466773987}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nyquist\u2013shannon-sampling-theorem", "display_name": "Nyquist\u2013Shannon sampling theorem", "score": 0.5044609308242798}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/channel", "display_name": "Channel (broadcasting)", "score": 0.47029468417167664}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-theory", "display_name": "Communication theory", "score": 0.43803641200065613}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.35253867506980896}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.3497645854949951}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "score": 0.3314421474933624}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications", "display_name": "Telecommunications", "score": 0.2999321520328522}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.18545374274253845}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776257435", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430", "display_name": "Bandwidth (computing)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5265562534332275}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5086527466773987}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C288623", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679800", "display_name": "Nyquist\u2013Shannon sampling theorem", "level": 2, "score": 0.5044609308242798}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127162648", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953", "display_name": "Channel (broadcasting)", "level": 2, "score": 0.47029468417167664}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3716254", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83966", "display_name": "Communication theory", "level": 2, "score": 0.43803641200065613}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.35253867506980896}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.3497645854949951}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C80444323", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3314421474933624}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C76155785", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418", "display_name": "Telecommunications", "level": 1, "score": 0.2999321520328522}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.18545374274253845}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C31972630", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240", "display_name": "Computer vision", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127472826", "display_name": "Bell System Technical Journal", "issn_l": "0005-8580", "issn": ["0005-8580", "2376-7154"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bell System Technical Journal", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2359317704", "https://openalex.org/W2382303592", "https://openalex.org/W2386767533", "https://openalex.org/W2118449739", "https://openalex.org/W2075976706", "https://openalex.org/W2354568776", "https://openalex.org/W2369781286", "https://openalex.org/W2370510138", "https://openalex.org/W1525245613", "https://openalex.org/W2151549364"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "recent": [1], "development": [2], "of": [3, 6, 27, 41, 67, 74, 88, 97, 101], "various": [4], "methods": [5], "modulation": [7], "such": [8, 32], "as": [9], "PCM": [10], "and": [11, 46, 79, 92], "PPM": [12], "which": [13], "exchange": [14], "bandwidth": [15], "for": [16, 31], "signal-to-noise": [17], "ratio": [18], "has": [19], "intensified": [20], "the": [21, 38, 55, 61, 72, 77, 80, 85, 89, 95, 98, 102], "interest": [22], "in": [23, 37, 70, 76], "a": [24, 33, 65], "general": [25], "theory": [26, 34, 62], "communication.": [28], "A": [29], "basis": [30], "is": [35], "contained": [36], "important": [39], "papers": [40], "Nyquist": [42], "<sup": [43, 48], "xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"": [44, 49], "xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sup>": [45], "Hartley": [47], "xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>": [50], "on": [51], "this": [52], "subject.": [53], "In": [54], "present": [56], "paper": [57], "we": [58], "will": [59], "extend": [60], "to": [63, 84, 94], "include": [64], "number": [66], "new": [68], "factors,": [69], "particular": [71], "effect": [73], "noise": [75], "channel,": [78], "savings": [81], "possible": [82], "due": [83, 93], "statistical": [86], "structure": [87], "original": [90], "message": [91], "nature": [96], "final": [99], "destination": [100], "information.": [103]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1236}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 5217}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 4557}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4183}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3864}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4672}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4285}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3546}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3253}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2922}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3044}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3169}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3332}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3068}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2939}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1484864026", "doi": null, "title": "Using multivariate statistics", "display_name": "Using multivariate statistics", "publication_year": 1983, "publication_date": "1983-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1484864026", "mag": "1484864026"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009254812", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=009254812&amp;sequence=000001&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020096432", "display_name": "Barbara G. Tabachnick", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Barbara G. Tabachnick", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109157911", "display_name": "Linda S. Fidell", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Linda S. Fidell", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5020096432"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 21.5163, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 77490, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99074074, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11871", "display_name": "Advanced Statistical Methods and Models", "score": 0.04619999974966049, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11871", "display_name": "Advanced Statistical Methods and Models", "score": 0.04619999974966049, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13141", "display_name": "Statistical Methods and Applications", "score": 0.045499999076128006, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13580", "display_name": "Management and Performance Evaluation", "score": 0.04019999876618385, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1407", "display_name": "Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/14", "display_name": "Business, Management and Accounting"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.6679229736328125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/univariate", "display_name": "Univariate", "score": 0.654879629611969}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics", "display_name": "Multivariate statistics", "score": 0.6125595569610596}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bivariate-analysis", "display_name": "Bivariate analysis", "score": 0.6024460792541504}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis", "display_name": "Regression analysis", "score": 0.4786214232444763}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.43193912506103516}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis", "display_name": "Linear discriminant analysis", "score": 0.4164876639842987}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.6679229736328125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199163554", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1681619", "display_name": "Univariate", "level": 3, "score": 0.654879629611969}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C161584116", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580", "display_name": "Multivariate statistics", "level": 2, "score": 0.6125595569610596}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C64341305", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4919225", "display_name": "Bivariate analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.6024460792541504}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C152877465", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042", "display_name": "Regression analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.4786214232444763}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.43193912506103516}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C69738355", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929", "display_name": "Linear discriminant analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.4164876639842987}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 11, "locations": [{"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009254812", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=009254812&amp;sequence=000001&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014616726", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=014616726&amp;sequence=000001&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014737561", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=014737561&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016738385", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=016738385&amp;sequence=000001&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017991238", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=017991238&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018597040", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;doc_number=016738385&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025258223", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=025258223&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026828886", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:443/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026828886&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Lehrbuch"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029989870", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://elibrary.pearson.de/book/99.150005/9781292034546", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Lehrbuch"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034777802", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Lehrbuch"}, {"id": "mag:1484864026", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.goodreads.com/work/editions/1559750-using-multivariate-statistics", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10", "display_name": "Reduced inequalities", "score": 0.5099999904632568}, {"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16", "display_name": "Peace, Justice and strong institutions", "score": 0.4099999964237213}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3015634246", "https://openalex.org/W2897971917", "https://openalex.org/W2797247465", "https://openalex.org/W2159401492", "https://openalex.org/W2159306398", "https://openalex.org/W2159011576", "https://openalex.org/W2122912498", "https://openalex.org/W2107031757", "https://openalex.org/W2106096361", "https://openalex.org/W2085067988", "https://openalex.org/W2071666535", "https://openalex.org/W2037557484", "https://openalex.org/W2036149274", "https://openalex.org/W2018201949", "https://openalex.org/W1992193527", "https://openalex.org/W1987258130", "https://openalex.org/W1971440513", "https://openalex.org/W1665332082", "https://openalex.org/W1573234480", "https://openalex.org/W1562208008"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"In": [0], "this": [1], "Section:": [2], "1.": [3, 13], "Brief": [4], "Table": [5, 10], "of": [6, 11, 34, 57, 63, 131, 136, 148, 176, 182, 190, 221, 233, 247, 255, 259, 264, 271, 277, 283, 290, 292, 295, 301, 310, 317, 326, 335, 338, 343, 360, 377, 381, 392, 405, 412, 423, 437, 445, 449, 460, 473, 481, 485, 496, 510, 514, 528, 539, 547, 550, 562, 581, 587, 599, 610, 617, 620, 632, 651, 656], "Contents": [7, 12], "2.": [8, 115], "Full": [9], "BRIEF": [14], "TABLE": [15, 117], "OF": [16, 118], "CONTENTS": [17, 119], "Chapter": [18, 21, 31, 39, 50, 54, 59, 67, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 100, 105, 110, 120, 151, 179, 203, 224, 261, 297, 345, 383, 414, 451, 487, 516, 552, 589, 622], "1": [19], "Introduction": [20, 122], "2": [22], "A": [23, 153, 169], "Guide": [24, 154], "to": [25, 48, 74, 138, 155, 212, 237, 275, 314, 352, 364, 396, 427, 464, 566, 603, 636], "Statistical": [26, 140, 156], "Techniques:": [27, 157], "Using": [28, 158], "the": [29, 149, 159, 177], "Book": [30, 150, 160], "3": [32], "Review": [33, 181], "Univariate": [35, 183], "and": [36, 65, 97, 134, 163, 184, 199, 230, 268, 303, 307, 319, 328, 340, 357, 389, 420, 457, 493, 520, 525, 559, 596, 629], "Bivariate": [37, 185, 196], "Statistics": [38, 146, 186], "4": [40], "Cleaning": [41, 205], "Up": [42, 206], "Your": [43, 207], "Act:": [44, 208], "Screening": [45, 209, 218, 223], "Data": [46, 142, 178, 210, 217, 222], "Prior": [47, 211], "Analysis": [49, 56, 62, 80, 88, 99, 114, 189, 202, 213, 257, 263, 276, 282, 291, 300, 316, 325, 337, 366, 371, 379, 386, 398, 403, 407, 430, 454, 466, 471, 475, 483, 522, 536, 541, 626, 639, 645, 654], "5": [51], "Multiple": [52, 226, 243, 248], "Regression": [53, 84, 227, 238, 244, 249, 256, 417, 429, 435, 439, 447], "6": [55], "Covariance": [58, 66, 265, 278, 284, 293, 304, 320, 329, 341], "7": [60], "Multivariate": [61, 72, 123, 145, 299, 315, 324, 336, 350], "Variance": [64, 191, 302, 318, 327, 339], "8": [68], "Profile": [69, 347, 365, 370, 378], "Analysis:": [70, 348], "The": [71, 349], "Approach": [73, 351], "Repeated": [75, 353], "Measures": [76, 354], "9": [78], "Discriminant": [79, 385, 397, 402, 406], "10": [82], "Logistic": [83, 416, 428, 434, 438, 446], "11": [86], "Survival/Failure": [87, 453], "12": [90], "Canonical": [91, 489, 503, 511], "Correlation": [92, 198, 490, 504, 512], "13": [94], "Principal": [95, 518], "Components": [96, 519], "Factor": [98, 521, 535, 540], "14": [101], "Structural": [102, 554, 567, 573, 582], "Equation": [103, 555, 568, 583], "Modeling": [104, 109, 556, 569, 575, 584, 593, 606], "15": [106], "Multilevel": [107, 591, 604], "Linear": [108, 129, 592, 605], "16": [111], "Multiway": [112, 624, 637, 643, 652], "Frequency": [113, 625, 638, 644, 653], "FULL": [116], "1:": [121], "Statistics:": [124, 197], "Why?": [125], "Some": [126, 166, 250, 285, 330, 372, 408, 440, 476, 505, 542, 576, 612, 646], "Useful": [127], "Definitions": [128], "Combinations": [130], "Variables": [132, 137], "Number": [133], "Nature": [135], "Include": [139], "Power": [141], "Appropriate": [143], "for": [144, 242, 281, 323, 369, 401, 433, 469, 502, 534, 572, 642], "Organization": [147], "2:": [152], "Research": [161, 234, 272, 311, 361, 393, 424, 461, 497, 529, 563, 600, 633], "Questions": [162, 235, 273, 312, 362, 394, 425, 462, 498, 530, 564, 601, 634], "Associated": [164], "Techniques": [165], "Further": [167], "Comparisons": [168], "Decision": [170], "Tree": [171], "Technique": [172], "Chapters": [173], "Preliminary": [174], "Check": [175], "3:": [180], "Hypothesis": [187], "Testing": [188], "Parameter": [192], "Estimation": [193], "Effect": [194], "Size": [195], "Regression.": [200], "Chi-Square": [201], "4:": [204], "Important": [214, 251, 286, 331, 373, 409, 441, 477, 506, 543, 577, 613, 647], "Issues": [215, 287, 332, 374, 410, 442, 478, 507, 544, 578, 614, 648], "in": [216], "Complete": [219, 253, 288, 333, 375, 443, 479, 508, 545, 579, 615, 649], "Examples": [220, 254, 334, 376, 444, 580], "5:": [225], "General": [228, 266, 305, 355, 387, 418, 455, 491, 523, 557, 594, 627], "Purpose": [229, 267, 306, 356, 388, 419, 456, 492, 524, 558, 595, 628], "Description": [231, 269, 308, 358, 390, 421, 458, 494, 526, 560, 597, 630], "Kinds": [232, 270, 309, 359, 391, 422, 459, 495, 527, 561, 598, 631], "Limitations": [236, 274, 313, 363, 395, 426, 463, 499, 531, 565, 602, 635], "Analyses": [239], "Fundamental": [240, 279, 321, 367, 399, 431, 467, 500, 532, 570, 607, 640], "Equations": [241, 280, 322, 368, 400, 432, 468, 501, 533, 571, 574, 608, 641], "Major": [245, 537], "Types": [246, 404, 436, 472, 538, 609], "Issues.": [252], "Comparison": [258, 294, 342, 380, 411, 448, 484, 513, 549, 586, 619, 655], "Programs": [260, 296, 344, 382, 413, 450, 486, 515, 551, 588, 621, 657], "6:": [262], "Example": [289, 480, 509, 546, 616, 650], "7:": [298], "8:": [346], "9:": [384], "10:": [415], "11:": [452], "Survival": [465, 470, 474, 482], "12:": [488], "13:": [517], "FA": [548], "14:": [553], "Analysis.": [585], "15:": [590], "MLM": [611, 618], "16:": [623]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2153}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3064}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3466}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3676}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4372}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4188}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3872}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3673}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3705}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3779}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3949}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3891}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3788}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3424}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2164777277", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310", "title": "The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data", "display_name": "The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data", "publication_year": 1977, "publication_date": "1977-03-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2164777277", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310", "mag": "2164777277", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/843571"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.2307/2529310", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S8265502", "display_name": "Biometrics", "issn_l": "0006-341X", "issn": ["0006-341X", "1541-0420"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Biometrics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/171116", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5052609076", "display_name": "J. Richard Landis", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-0988"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "J. Richard Landis", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108081836", "display_name": "Gary G. Koch", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gary G. Koch", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5052609076"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": {"value": 3710, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3710}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 33.4881, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 77350, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99885387, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "33", "issue": "1", "first_page": "159", "last_page": "159"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13309", "display_name": "Reliability and Agreement in Measurement", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13309", "display_name": "Reliability and Agreement in Measurement", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14374", "display_name": "Statistical Methods in Epidemiology", "score": 0.9817000031471252, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.9611999988555908, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable", "display_name": "Categorical variable", "score": 0.8692288398742676}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/kappa", "display_name": "Kappa", "score": 0.7041875720024109}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.6827325820922852}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/homogeneity", "display_name": "Homogeneity (statistics)", "score": 0.6136261820793152}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics", "display_name": "Multivariate statistics", "score": 0.5648215413093567}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.5552538633346558}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing", "display_name": "Statistical hypothesis testing", "score": 0.4950510561466217}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cohens-kappa", "display_name": "Cohen's kappa", "score": 0.4824248254299164}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/observer", "display_name": "Observer (physics)", "score": 0.4750261902809143}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics", "display_name": "Econometrics", "score": 0.4631468951702118}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-distribution", "display_name": "Poisson distribution", "score": 0.4563252925872803}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability", "display_name": "Reliability (semiconductor)", "score": 0.43611282110214233}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/type-i-and-type-ii-errors", "display_name": "Type I and type II errors", "score": 0.43386223912239075}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-analysis", "display_name": "Multivariate analysis", "score": 0.4262905716896057}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.32549604773521423}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C5274069", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707", "display_name": "Categorical variable", "level": 2, "score": 0.8692288398742676}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778724333", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14401", "display_name": "Kappa", "level": 2, "score": 0.7041875720024109}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.6827325820922852}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142259097", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891314", "display_name": "Homogeneity (statistics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6136261820793152}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C161584116", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580", "display_name": "Multivariate statistics", "level": 2, "score": 0.5648215413093567}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.5552538633346558}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C87007009", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832", "display_name": "Statistical hypothesis testing", "level": 2, "score": 0.4950510561466217}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C163864269", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106", "display_name": "Cohen's kappa", "level": 2, "score": 0.4824248254299164}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780704645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458", "display_name": "Observer (physics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4750261902809143}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039", "display_name": "Econometrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4631468951702118}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C100906024", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692", "display_name": "Poisson distribution", "level": 2, "score": 0.4563252925872803}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43214815", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987", "display_name": "Reliability (semiconductor)", "level": 3, "score": 0.43611282110214233}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C40696583", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989120", "display_name": "Type I and type II errors", "level": 2, "score": 0.43386223912239075}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C38180746", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580", "display_name": "Multivariate analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.4262905716896057}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.32549604773521423}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C163258240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342", "display_name": "Power (physics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009103", "descriptor_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009103", "descriptor_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009103", "descriptor_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.2307/2529310", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S8265502", "display_name": "Biometrics", "issn_l": "0006-341X", "issn": ["0006-341X", "1541-0420"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Biometrics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:843571", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/843571", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Biometrics", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/171116", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/171116", "pdf_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/171116", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400393", "display_name": "Deep Blue (University of Michigan)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I27837315", "host_organization_name": "University of Michigan", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/80119", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80119", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402641", "display_name": "LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4383465926", "host_organization_name": "LA Referencia", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "reponame:Repositorio UN", "raw_type": "Trabajo de grado - Maestr\u00eda"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/171116", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/171116", "pdf_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/171116", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400393", "display_name": "Deep Blue (University of Michigan)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I27837315", "host_organization_name": "University of Michigan", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "display_name": "Good health and well-being", "score": 0.7099999785423279}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2164777277.pdf"}, "referenced_works_count": 94, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W70273200", "https://openalex.org/W163425073", "https://openalex.org/W399119108", "https://openalex.org/W1526764490", "https://openalex.org/W1693471592", "https://openalex.org/W1928147381", "https://openalex.org/W1964495738", "https://openalex.org/W1965000394", "https://openalex.org/W1965995507", "https://openalex.org/W1968785420", "https://openalex.org/W1969879564", "https://openalex.org/W1974459553", "https://openalex.org/W1975879668", "https://openalex.org/W1979773093", "https://openalex.org/W1981428665", "https://openalex.org/W1989492805", "https://openalex.org/W1989774929", "https://openalex.org/W1990995083", "https://openalex.org/W1994894143", "https://openalex.org/W1995156089", "https://openalex.org/W2002741572", "https://openalex.org/W2011765263", "https://openalex.org/W2021142183", "https://openalex.org/W2028548753", "https://openalex.org/W2037789405", "https://openalex.org/W2038276605", "https://openalex.org/W2048547093", "https://openalex.org/W2050645552", "https://openalex.org/W2053154970", "https://openalex.org/W2058169185", "https://openalex.org/W2063803293", "https://openalex.org/W2069121806", "https://openalex.org/W2073760305", "https://openalex.org/W2088041869", "https://openalex.org/W2092923243", "https://openalex.org/W2095431598", "https://openalex.org/W2100136835", "https://openalex.org/W2104969481", "https://openalex.org/W2105466325", "https://openalex.org/W2111634776", "https://openalex.org/W2113893630", "https://openalex.org/W2119251604", "https://openalex.org/W2120104378", "https://openalex.org/W2122814783", "https://openalex.org/W2123593957", "https://openalex.org/W2124223956", "https://openalex.org/W2127172625", "https://openalex.org/W2130754215", "https://openalex.org/W2133012565", "https://openalex.org/W2133564174", "https://openalex.org/W2137803678", "https://openalex.org/W2138784405", "https://openalex.org/W2139036774", "https://openalex.org/W2144651140", "https://openalex.org/W2144699561", "https://openalex.org/W2145412125", "https://openalex.org/W2153271127", "https://openalex.org/W2159502598", "https://openalex.org/W2160535853", "https://openalex.org/W2160637457", "https://openalex.org/W2161374186", "https://openalex.org/W2165472034", "https://openalex.org/W2170879500", "https://openalex.org/W2171165467", "https://openalex.org/W2214246042", "https://openalex.org/W2225552683", "https://openalex.org/W2281948170", "https://openalex.org/W2287851705", "https://openalex.org/W2304684629", "https://openalex.org/W2324588294", "https://openalex.org/W2327624260", "https://openalex.org/W2330000496", "https://openalex.org/W2330158446", "https://openalex.org/W2333609365", "https://openalex.org/W2334186876", "https://openalex.org/W2344335470", "https://openalex.org/W2464924628", "https://openalex.org/W2514285594", "https://openalex.org/W2531269403", "https://openalex.org/W2532157753", "https://openalex.org/W2583909922", "https://openalex.org/W2598717986", "https://openalex.org/W2766964341", "https://openalex.org/W2776533520", "https://openalex.org/W2794816219", "https://openalex.org/W2795766380", "https://openalex.org/W2798510847", "https://openalex.org/W2810576341", "https://openalex.org/W2911828373", "https://openalex.org/W2921134459", "https://openalex.org/W2963058425", "https://openalex.org/W2970684805", "https://openalex.org/W4246038340", "https://openalex.org/W4294214797"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1967594194", "https://openalex.org/W1444168786", "https://openalex.org/W2294084971", "https://openalex.org/W2148964467", "https://openalex.org/W2281321759", "https://openalex.org/W2474048269", "https://openalex.org/W2792864698", "https://openalex.org/W1966976587", "https://openalex.org/W2292870489", "https://openalex.org/W4294214983"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0], "paper": [1], "presents": [2], "a": [3, 83], "general": [4], "statistical": [5], "methodology": [6], "for": [7, 50, 56], "the": [8, 23, 28, 35, 39, 45, 88], "analysis": [9], "of": [10, 25, 27, 47, 63, 69], "multivariate": [11], "categorical": [12], "data": [13], "arising": [14], "from": [15, 87], "observer": [16], "reliability": [17], "studies.": [18], "The": [19], "procedure": [20], "essentially": [21], "involves": [22], "construction": [24, 46], "functions": [26], "observed": [29], "proportions": [30], "which": [31, 38], "are": [32, 59, 72, 80], "directed": [33], "at": [34], "extent": [36], "to": [37], "observers": [40], "agree": [41], "among": [42], "themselves": [43], "and": [44, 67], "test": [48], "statistics": [49], "hypotheses": [51], "involving": [52], "these": [53], "functions.": [54], "Tests": [55], "interobserver": [57, 70], "bias": [58], "presented": [60], "in": [61], "terms": [62], "first-order": [64], "marginal": [65], "homogeneity": [66], "measures": [68], "agreement": [71], "developed": [73], "as": [74], "generalized": [75], "kappa-type": [76], "statistics.": [77], "These": [78], "procedures": [79], "illustrated": [81], "with": [82], "clinical": [84], "diagnosis": [85], "example": [86], "epidemiological": [89], "literature.": [90]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1451}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4945}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 4865}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4962}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5294}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5778}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5020}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4460}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4032}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3724}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3810}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3507}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3381}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3031}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2710}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2163605009", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3065386", "title": "ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks", "display_name": "ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks", "publication_year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-05-24", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2163605009", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3065386", "mag": "2163605009"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1145/3065386", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3065386", "pdf_url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3065386&type=pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S103482838", "display_name": "Communications of the ACM", "issn_l": "0001-0782", "issn": ["0001-0782", "1557-7317"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319798", "host_organization_name": "Association for Computing Machinery", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association for Computing Machinery"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Communications of the ACM", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3065386&type=pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031152245", "display_name": "Alex Krizhevsky", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I185261750", "display_name": "University of Toronto", "ror": "https://ror.org/03dbr7087", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "display_name": "Google (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00njsd438", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["CA", "US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Alex Krizhevsky", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Google Inc", "University of Toronto"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Google Inc", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Toronto", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5006446297", "display_name": "Ilya Sutskever", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I185261750", "display_name": "University of Toronto", "ror": "https://ror.org/03dbr7087", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "display_name": "Google (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00njsd438", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["CA", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ilya Sutskever", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Google Inc", "University of Toronto"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Google Inc", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Toronto", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108093963", "display_name": "Geoffrey E. Hinton", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210161460", "display_name": "OpenAI (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/05wx9n238", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I185261750", "display_name": "University of Toronto", "ror": "https://ror.org/03dbr7087", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}], "countries": ["CA", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Geoffrey E. Hinton", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["OpenAI", "University of Toronto"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "OpenAI", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210161460"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Toronto", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5031152245"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "https://openalex.org/I185261750"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 3802.6307, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 75678, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "60", "issue": "6", "first_page": "84", "last_page": "90"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11307", "display_name": "Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning", "score": 0.9990000128746033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11105", "display_name": "Advanced Image Processing Techniques", "score": 0.9966999888420105, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function", "display_name": "Softmax function", "score": 0.881705641746521}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network", "display_name": "Convolutional neural network", "score": 0.811793327331543}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.7891139984130859}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling", "display_name": "Pooling", "score": 0.6898125410079956}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout", "display_name": "Dropout (neural networks)", "score": 0.629219651222229}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.6158985495567322}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution", "display_name": "Convolution (computer science)", "score": 0.606465220451355}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization", "display_name": "Regularization (linguistics)", "score": 0.5937029123306274}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.5828321576118469}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks", "display_name": "Deep neural networks", "score": 0.4886980354785919}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate", "display_name": "Word error rate", "score": 0.4540156424045563}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization", "display_name": "Normalization (sociology)", "score": 0.44189316034317017}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "score": 0.44072216749191284}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.30995941162109375}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C188441871", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146", "display_name": "Softmax function", "level": 3, "score": 0.881705641746521}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C81363708", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460", "display_name": "Convolutional neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.811793327331543}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.7891139984130859}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70437156", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652", "display_name": "Pooling", "level": 2, "score": 0.6898125410079956}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776145597", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462", "display_name": "Dropout (neural networks)", "level": 2, "score": 0.629219651222229}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.6158985495567322}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C45347329", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604", "display_name": "Convolution (computer science)", "level": 3, "score": 0.606465220451355}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776135515", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721", "display_name": "Regularization (linguistics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5937029123306274}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5828321576118469}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2984842247", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536", "display_name": "Deep neural networks", "level": 3, "score": 0.4886980354785919}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C40969351", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228", "display_name": "Word error rate", "level": 2, "score": 0.4540156424045563}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136886441", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129", "display_name": "Normalization (sociology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.44189316034317017}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50644808", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.44072216749191284}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.30995941162109375}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C19165224", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404", "display_name": "Anthropology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1145/3065386", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3065386", "pdf_url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3065386&type=pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S103482838", "display_name": "Communications of the ACM", "issn_l": "0001-0782", "issn": ["0001-0782", "1557-7317"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319798", "host_organization_name": "Association for Computing Machinery", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association for Computing Machinery"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Communications of the ACM", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.299.205", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.299.205", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~hinton/absps/imagenet.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.692.3657", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.692.3657", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://papers.nips.cc/paper/4824-imagenet-classification-with-deep-convolutional-neural-networks.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "mag:2163605009", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://books.nips.cc/papers/files/nips25/NIPS2012_0534.pdf", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306420609", "display_name": "Neural Information Processing Systems", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "conference"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": "Neural Information Processing Systems", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1145/3065386", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3065386", "pdf_url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3065386&type=pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S103482838", "display_name": "Communications of the ACM", "issn_l": "0001-0782", "issn": ["0001-0782", "1557-7317"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319798", "host_organization_name": "Association for Computing Machinery", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association for Computing Machinery"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Communications of the ACM", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2163605009.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2163605009.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 26, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1499991161", "https://openalex.org/W1576445103", "https://openalex.org/W1665214252", "https://openalex.org/W1904365287", "https://openalex.org/W2015861736", "https://openalex.org/W2018435387", "https://openalex.org/W2026942141", "https://openalex.org/W2053229256", "https://openalex.org/W2061212083", "https://openalex.org/W2097117768", "https://openalex.org/W2097356275", "https://openalex.org/W2101926813", "https://openalex.org/W2108069432", "https://openalex.org/W2108598243", "https://openalex.org/W2110764733", "https://openalex.org/W2130325614", "https://openalex.org/W2134557905", "https://openalex.org/W2144161366", "https://openalex.org/W2154579312", "https://openalex.org/W2156163116", "https://openalex.org/W2166049352", "https://openalex.org/W2169805405", "https://openalex.org/W2396976214", "https://openalex.org/W2546302380", "https://openalex.org/W2911964244", "https://openalex.org/W3118608800"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3118608800", "https://openalex.org/W2964121744", "https://openalex.org/W2963446712", "https://openalex.org/W2949117887", "https://openalex.org/W2919115771", "https://openalex.org/W2613718673", "https://openalex.org/W2194775991", "https://openalex.org/W2183341477", "https://openalex.org/W2155893237", "https://openalex.org/W2117539524", "https://openalex.org/W2112796928", "https://openalex.org/W2108598243", "https://openalex.org/W2102605133", "https://openalex.org/W2097117768", "https://openalex.org/W2095705004", "https://openalex.org/W2064675550", "https://openalex.org/W1903029394", "https://openalex.org/W1901129140", "https://openalex.org/W1849277567", "https://openalex.org/W1686810756"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"We": [0, 124], "trained": [1], "a": [2, 79, 92, 111, 127, 138], "large,": [3], "deep": [4], "convolutional": [5, 63], "neural": [6, 50], "network": [7], "to": [8, 120, 147], "classify": [9], "the": [10, 16, 21, 26, 46, 98, 105, 133, 151], "1.2": [11], "million": [12, 55], "high-resolution": [13], "images": [14], "in": [15, 104, 132], "ImageNet": [17], "LSVRC-2010": [18], "contest": [19], "into": [20], "1000": [22], "different": [23], "classes.": [24], "On": [25], "test": [27, 141], "data,": [28], "we": [29, 87, 109], "achieved": [30, 137, 149], "top-1": [31], "and": [32, 38, 57, 73, 91, 136], "top-5": [33, 140], "error": [34, 142], "rates": [35], "of": [36, 61, 66, 97, 129, 144], "37.5%": [37], "17.0%,": [39], "respectively,": [40], "which": [41, 52, 67], "is": [42], "considerably": [43], "better": [44], "than": [45], "previous": [47], "state-of-the-art.": [48], "The": [49], "network,": [51], "has": [53], "60": [54], "parameters": [56], "650,000": [58], "neurons,": [59], "consists": [60], "five": [62], "layers,": [64, 72], "some": [65], "are": [68], "followed": [69], "by": [70, 150], "max-pooling": [71], "three": [74], "fully": [75, 106], "connected": [76, 107], "layers": [77, 108], "with": [78], "final": [80], "1000-way": [81], "softmax.": [82], "To": [83, 101], "make": [84], "training": [85], "faster,": [86], "used": [88], "non-saturating": [89], "neurons": [90], "very": [93, 122], "efficient": [94], "GPU": [95], "implementation": [96], "convolution": [99], "operation.": [100], "reduce": [102], "overfitting": [103], "employed": [110], "recently": [112], "developed": [113], "regularization": [114], "method": [115], "called": [116], "\"dropout\"": [117], "that": [118], "proved": [119], "be": [121], "effective.": [123], "also": [125], "entered": [126], "variant": [128], "this": [130], "model": [131], "ILSVRC-2012": [134], "competition": [135], "winning": [139], "rate": [143], "15.3%,": [145], "compared": [146], "26.2%": [148], "second-best": [152], "entry.": [153]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2057}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3466}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4770}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6806}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 11598}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 12933}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 13062}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 9186}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 5988}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3207}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1838}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 565}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 169}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 15}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1527311855", "doi": null, "title": "Case Study Research: Design and Methods", "display_name": "Case Study Research: Design and Methods", "publication_year": 1984, "publication_date": "1984-10-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1527311855", "mag": "1527311855"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009218779", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=009218779&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5112624486", "display_name": "Robert K. Yin", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Robert K. Yin", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5112624486"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 38.942, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 74953, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99736842, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13913", "display_name": "Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning", "score": 0.1688999980688095, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1710", "display_name": "Information Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13913", "display_name": "Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning", "score": 0.1688999980688095, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1710", "display_name": "Information Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10561", "display_name": "Educational Research and Methods", "score": 0.16459999978542328, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11734", "display_name": "Decision Support System Applications", "score": 0.15299999713897705, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1404", "display_name": "Management Information Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/14", "display_name": "Business, Management and Accounting"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/humanities", "display_name": "Humanities", "score": 0.4456588923931122}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.33745276927948}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.32538676261901855}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.16137626767158508}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C15708023", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083", "display_name": "Humanities", "level": 1, "score": 0.4456588923931122}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.33745276927948}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.32538676261901855}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.16137626767158508}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 7, "locations": [{"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009218779", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=009218779&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010040999", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=010040999&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016785248", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=016785248&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-022096410", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=022096410&amp;sequence=000001&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-026120506", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:443/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026120506&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:1171670", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://cds.cern.ch/record/1171670", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402195", "display_name": "CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": ""}, {"id": "mag:1527311855", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://cds.cern.ch/record/1171670", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3214833809", "https://openalex.org/W3144127399", "https://openalex.org/W3123732438", "https://openalex.org/W2329395632", "https://openalex.org/W2167928095", "https://openalex.org/W2141951329", "https://openalex.org/W2061977616", "https://openalex.org/W2056330418", "https://openalex.org/W2033952602", "https://openalex.org/W2028954902", "https://openalex.org/W2000117884", "https://openalex.org/W1714723801", "https://openalex.org/W1658908529", "https://openalex.org/W1590154464", "https://openalex.org/W1589399253", "https://openalex.org/W1556808170", "https://openalex.org/W1506150625", "https://openalex.org/W1505999675", "https://openalex.org/W1496698723", "https://openalex.org/W115394847"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"\"This": [0], "new": [1], "edition": [2], "Case": [3], "Study": [4], "Research": [5], "has": [6], "been": [7], "carefully": [8], "revised,": [9], "updated,": [10], "and": [11, 20, 44, 50, 52, 59, 78], "expanded": [12], "while": [13], "retaining": [14], "virtually": [15], "all": [16, 32], "of": [17, 22, 34, 61, 68], "the": [18, 23, 35, 57], "features": [19], "coverage": [21], "second": [24], "edition.": [25], "Robert": [26], "K.": [27], "Yin's": [28], "comprehensive": [29], "presentation": [30], "covers": [31], "aspects": [33], "case": [36, 62], "study": [37], "method": [38], "-": [39], "from": [40], "problem": [41], "definition,": [42], "design,": [43], "data": [45, 48], "collection": [46], "to": [47, 64], "analysis": [49], "composition": [51], "reporting.": [53], "Yin": [54], "also": [55], "traces": [56], "uses": [58], "importance": [60], "studies": [63], "a": [65], "wide": [66], "range": [67], "disciplines,": [69], "including": [70], "sociology,": [71], "psychology,": [72], "history,": [73], "management,": [74], "planning,": [75], "social": [76], "work,": [77], "education.\"--BOOK": [79], "JACKET.": [80]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 45}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 120}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 140}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 287}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2247}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2986}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3274}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3676}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4202}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 4873}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 5933}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 6125}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 5797}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 5308}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4385245566", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.itp.2023.19", "title": "MizAR 60 for Mizar 50", "display_name": "MizAR 60 for Mizar 50", "publication_year": 2023, "publication_date": "2023-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4385245566", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.itp.2023.19"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:18394", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.19", "pdf_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/storage/00lipics/lipics-vol268-itp2023/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.19/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.19.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196569", "display_name": "DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2799853480", "host_organization_name": "Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "InProceedings"}, "type": "preprint", "indexed_in": ["datacite"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/storage/00lipics/lipics-vol268-itp2023/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.19/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.19.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Jakub\u016fv, Jan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8848-5537"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I44504214", "display_name": "Czech Technical University in Prague", "ror": "https://ror.org/03kqpb082", "country_code": "CZ", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}], "countries": ["CZ"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jakub\u016fv, Jan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Chvalovsk\u00fd, Karel", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0541-3889"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I44504214", "display_name": "Czech Technical University in Prague", "ror": "https://ror.org/03kqpb082", "country_code": "CZ", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}], "countries": ["CZ"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chvalovsk\u00fd, Karel", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Goertzel, Zarathustra", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8458-2786"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I44504214", "display_name": "Czech Technical University in Prague", "ror": "https://ror.org/03kqpb082", "country_code": "CZ", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}], "countries": ["CZ"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Goertzel, Zarathustra", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Kaliszyk, Cezary", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8273-6059"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I190249584", "display_name": "Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck", "ror": "https://ror.org/054pv6659", "country_code": "AT", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119939", "display_name": "Food Research Institute Prague", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jdepa55", "country_code": "CZ", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210119939"]}], "countries": ["AT", "CZ"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kaliszyk, Cezary", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck, Austria", "INDRC, Prague, Czech Republic"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck, Austria", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "INDRC, Prague, Czech Republic", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210119939"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Ol\u0161\u00e1k, Mirek", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9361-1921"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I84909340", "display_name": "Institut des Hautes \u00c9tudes Scientifiques", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d5m2r55", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I84909340"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ol\u0161\u00e1k, Mirek", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut des Hautes \u00c9tudes Scientifiques, Paris, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut des Hautes \u00c9tudes Scientifiques, Paris, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I84909340"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079288315", "display_name": "Aidan N. Gomez", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5601-5437"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I44504214", "display_name": "Czech Technical University in Prague", "ror": "https://ror.org/03kqpb082", "country_code": "CZ", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}], "countries": ["CZ"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Piotrowski, Bartosz", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Schulz, Stephan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-8555"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I108806672", "display_name": "Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02xdzy536", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I108806672"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Schulz, Stephan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DHBW Stuttgart, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DHBW Stuttgart, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I108806672"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Suda, Martin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0989-5800"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I44504214", "display_name": "Czech Technical University in Prague", "ror": "https://ror.org/03kqpb082", "country_code": "CZ", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}], "countries": ["CZ"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Suda, Martin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Urban, Josef", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-1613"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I44504214", "display_name": "Czech Technical University in Prague", "ror": "https://ror.org/03kqpb082", "country_code": "CZ", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}], "countries": ["CZ"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Urban, Josef", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 4, "institutions_distinct_count": 9, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I44504214"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 9246.5141, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 74703, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10181", "display_name": "Natural Language Processing Techniques", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10181", "display_name": "Natural Language Processing Techniques", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10028", "display_name": "Topic Modeling", "score": 0.9962000250816345, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11714", "display_name": "Multimodal Machine Learning Applications", "score": 0.991599977016449, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.8551121950149536}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation", "display_name": "Machine translation", "score": 0.8304240703582764}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer", "display_name": "Transformer", "score": 0.7824931144714355}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bleu", "display_name": "BLEU", "score": 0.6924161911010742}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder", "display_name": "Encoder", "score": 0.6585307121276855}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.6133711338043213}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/parallelizable-manifold", "display_name": "Parallelizable manifold", "score": 0.5542272925376892}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing", "display_name": "Parsing", "score": 0.521559476852417}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing", "display_name": "Natural language processing", "score": 0.5018882751464844}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods", "display_name": "Decoding methods", "score": 0.49938035011291504}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model", "display_name": "Language model", "score": 0.49533000588417053}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/task", "display_name": "Task (project management)", "score": 0.48461946845054626}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network", "display_name": "Convolutional neural network", "score": 0.42193466424942017}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition", "display_name": "Speech recognition", "score": 0.38881179690361023}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.3401392102241516}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.14997288584709167}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.8551121950149536}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C203005215", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798", "display_name": "Machine translation", "level": 2, "score": 0.8304240703582764}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C66322947", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658", "display_name": "Transformer", "level": 3, "score": 0.7824931144714355}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C622187", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3500773", "display_name": "BLEU", "level": 3, "score": 0.6924161911010742}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C118505674", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063", "display_name": "Encoder", "level": 2, "score": 0.6585307121276855}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.6133711338043213}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C148047603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1014612", "display_name": "Parallelizable manifold", "level": 2, "score": 0.5542272925376892}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C186644900", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152", "display_name": "Parsing", "level": 2, "score": 0.521559476852417}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C204321447", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642", "display_name": "Natural language processing", "level": 1, "score": 0.5018882751464844}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C57273362", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722", "display_name": "Decoding methods", "level": 2, "score": 0.49938035011291504}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C137293760", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696", "display_name": "Language model", "level": 2, "score": 0.49533000588417053}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780451532", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676", "display_name": "Task (project management)", "level": 2, "score": 0.48461946845054626}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C81363708", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460", "display_name": "Convolutional neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.42193466424942017}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C28490314", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436", "display_name": "Speech recognition", "level": 1, "score": 0.38881179690361023}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.3401392102241516}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.14997288584709167}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921", "display_name": "Management", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C165801399", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428", "display_name": "Voltage", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:18394", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.19", "pdf_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/storage/00lipics/lipics-vol268-itp2023/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.19/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.19.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196569", "display_name": "DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2799853480", "host_organization_name": "Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "InProceedings"}, {"id": "doi:10.4230/lipics.itp.2023.19", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.itp.2023.19", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407052059", "display_name": "Dagstuhl Research Online Publication Server", "issn_l": null, "issn": [], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": ""}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:18394", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.19", "pdf_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/storage/00lipics/lipics-vol268-itp2023/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.19/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.19.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196569", "display_name": "DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2799853480", "host_organization_name": "Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "InProceedings"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4", "display_name": "Quality Education", "score": 0.550000011920929}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G12500569", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CZ.02.1.01/0.0", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321006", "funder_display_name": "Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G176604203", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "02.1.01/0.0/0.0", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335322", "funder_display_name": "European Regional Development Fund"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1973873637", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000466", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335322", "funder_display_name": "European Regional Development Fund"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G2628364946", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "H2020", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335322", "funder_display_name": "European Regional Development Fund"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G291036901", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CZ.02", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335322", "funder_display_name": "European Regional Development Fund"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3490171961", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CZ.02.1.01", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335322", "funder_display_name": "European Regional Development Fund"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3827193553", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "952215", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332999", "funder_display_name": "Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4131035492", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CZ.02.1.01", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321006", "funder_display_name": "Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5350617355", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "SMART", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335322", "funder_display_name": "European Regional Development Fund"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5916014575", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335322", "funder_display_name": "European Regional Development Fund"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6075374621", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "857306", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332999", "funder_display_name": "Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6389474475", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/000046", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335322", "funder_display_name": "European Regional Development Fund"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6594491356", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335322", "funder_display_name": "European Regional Development Fund"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6932448737", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/00004", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335322", "funder_display_name": "European Regional Development Fund"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321006", "display_name": "Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky", "ror": "https://ror.org/01pv73b02"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332999", "display_name": "Horizon 2020 Framework Programme", "ror": "https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335322", "display_name": "European Regional Development Fund", "ror": "https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385245566.pdf"}, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2099607809", "https://openalex.org/W2395641992", "https://openalex.org/W2807475932", "https://openalex.org/W3021126373", "https://openalex.org/W4280571180", "https://openalex.org/W3066373881", "https://openalex.org/W2426188458", "https://openalex.org/W2903057408", "https://openalex.org/W92588874", "https://openalex.org/W2963991316"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"As": [0], "a": [1, 79, 93, 111], "present": [2, 110], "to": [3, 61], "Mizar": [4, 21, 34, 51, 114], "on": [5, 106], "its": [6], "50th": [7], "anniversary,": [8], "we": [9], "develop": [10], "an": [11], "AI/TP": [12, 104], "system": [13], "that": [14, 90, 116], "automatically": [15, 29], "proves": [16], "about": [17], "60%": [18], "of": [19, 32, 81, 95, 97, 113], "the": [20, 24, 33, 37, 45, 49, 55, 68, 87], "theorems": [22, 35], "in": [23, 48, 66], "hammer": [25], "setting.": [26], "We": [27, 53, 108], "also": [28, 109], "prove": [30], "75%": [31], "when": [36], "automated": [38], "provers": [39], "are": [40], "helped": [41], "by": [42], "using": [43], "only": [44], "premises": [46], "used": [47], "human-written": [50], "proofs.": [52], "describe": [54], "methods": [56], "and": [57, 70, 75, 86], "large-scale": [58], "experiments": [59], "leading": [60], "these": [62], "results.": [63], "This": [64], "includes": [65], "particular": [67], "E": [69], "Vampire": [71], "provers,": [72], "their": [73], "ENIGMA": [74], "Deepire": [76], "learning": [77], "modifications,": [78], "number": [80], "learning-based": [82], "premise": [83], "selection": [84, 112], "methods,": [85], "incremental": [88], "loop": [89], "interleaves": [91], "growing": [92], "corpus": [94], "millions": [96], "ATP": [98], "proofs": [99], "with": [100], "training": [101], "increasingly": [102], "strong": [103], "systems": [105], "them.": [107], "problems": [115], "were": [117], "proved": [118], "automatically.": [119]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 891}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 16661}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 18409}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 17265}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 9725}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6303}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3312}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1740}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 379}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 10}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2023-07-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2158714788", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.17.3389", "title": "Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs", "display_name": "Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs", "publication_year": 1997, "publication_date": "1997-09-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2158714788", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.17.3389", "mag": "2158714788", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9254694"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/25.17.3389", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.17.3389", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/25/17/3389/3639509/25-17-3389.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/25/17/3389/3639509/25-17-3389.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015061000", "display_name": "Stephen F. Altschul", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2120-9631"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299022934", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210109390", "display_name": "National Center for Biotechnology Information", "ror": "https://ror.org/02meqm098", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299022934", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "https://openalex.org/I2800548410", "https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "S. Altschul", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. altschul@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA,"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. altschul@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210109390", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210109390", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5015061000"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "https://openalex.org/I4210109390"], "apc_list": {"value": 3630, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3630}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 456.5019, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 74193, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "25", "issue": "17", "first_page": "3389", "last_page": "3402"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9990000128746033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9990000128746033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11269", "display_name": "Algorithms and Data Compression", "score": 0.9904000163078308, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10521", "display_name": "RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms", "score": 0.9884999990463257, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/iterated-function", "display_name": "Iterated function", "score": 0.7070569396018982}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic", "display_name": "Heuristic", "score": 0.5888642072677612}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "score": 0.5642471313476562}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.5280450582504272}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/position", "display_name": "Position (finance)", "score": 0.49953246116638184}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-database", "display_name": "Sequence database", "score": 0.48701292276382446}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.47795748710632324}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.35194486379623413}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/database", "display_name": "Database", "score": 0.34751009941101074}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.23505869507789612}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.21271920204162598}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.17015138268470764}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.09966525435447693}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C140479938", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5254619", "display_name": "Iterated function", "level": 2, "score": 0.7070569396018982}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C173801870", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413", "display_name": "Heuristic", "level": 2, "score": 0.5888642072677612}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778112365", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5642471313476562}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.5280450582504272}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C198082294", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648", "display_name": "Position (finance)", "level": 2, "score": 0.49953246116638184}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41584329", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175902", "display_name": "Sequence database", "level": 3, "score": 0.48701292276382446}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.47795748710632324}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.35194486379623413}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513", "display_name": "Database", "level": 1, "score": 0.34751009941101074}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.23505869507789612}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.21271920204162598}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.17015138268470764}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.09966525435447693}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015", "display_name": "Finance", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754", "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004247", "descriptor_name": "DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004247", "descriptor_name": "DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004247", "descriptor_name": "DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/25.17.3389", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.17.3389", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/25/17/3389/3639509/25-17-3389.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:9254694", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9254694", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic acids research", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.17.9507", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.17.9507", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://bioinfo.mbb.yale.edu/~mbg/clippings/altschul-nar-blast2.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:146917", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/146917", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Res", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/25.17.3389", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.17.3389", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/25/17/3389/3639509/25-17-3389.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337372", "display_name": "U.S. National Library of Medicine", "ror": "https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2158714788.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2158714788.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 95, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W639252573", "https://openalex.org/W1479724966", "https://openalex.org/W1498410508", "https://openalex.org/W1501400124", "https://openalex.org/W1574109141", "https://openalex.org/W1652691445", "https://openalex.org/W1659313070", "https://openalex.org/W1768635289", "https://openalex.org/W1965998064", "https://openalex.org/W1969051510", "https://openalex.org/W1970999032", "https://openalex.org/W1973578915", "https://openalex.org/W1973706463", "https://openalex.org/W1975001431", "https://openalex.org/W1975924111", "https://openalex.org/W1981014117", "https://openalex.org/W1983265703", "https://openalex.org/W1983325631", "https://openalex.org/W1983698816", "https://openalex.org/W1985207059", "https://openalex.org/W1985618229", "https://openalex.org/W1988267054", "https://openalex.org/W1988670311", "https://openalex.org/W1988874269", "https://openalex.org/W1991792981", "https://openalex.org/W1997199912", "https://openalex.org/W1998300401", "https://openalex.org/W2000758249", "https://openalex.org/W2002180966", "https://openalex.org/W2002222815", "https://openalex.org/W2004402674", "https://openalex.org/W2014660704", "https://openalex.org/W2015292449", "https://openalex.org/W2017714068", "https://openalex.org/W2018010122", "https://openalex.org/W2022368654", "https://openalex.org/W2025564727", "https://openalex.org/W2026257220", "https://openalex.org/W2029372233", "https://openalex.org/W2033775040", "https://openalex.org/W2035564383", "https://openalex.org/W2036866029", "https://openalex.org/W2045067706", "https://openalex.org/W2048102092", "https://openalex.org/W2051916497", "https://openalex.org/W2054849588", "https://openalex.org/W2055043387", "https://openalex.org/W2056574818", "https://openalex.org/W2056619794", "https://openalex.org/W2060172156", "https://openalex.org/W2061445402", "https://openalex.org/W2061833373", "https://openalex.org/W2062816762", "https://openalex.org/W2068176376", "https://openalex.org/W2068448872", "https://openalex.org/W2074231493", "https://openalex.org/W2074703985", "https://openalex.org/W2076540369", "https://openalex.org/W2085261163", "https://openalex.org/W2086438703", "https://openalex.org/W2087064593", "https://openalex.org/W2094519647", "https://openalex.org/W2099254366", "https://openalex.org/W2108215151", "https://openalex.org/W2109465247", "https://openalex.org/W2115372161", "https://openalex.org/W2122665495", "https://openalex.org/W2127716074", "https://openalex.org/W2130792460", "https://openalex.org/W2143210482", "https://openalex.org/W2146696273", "https://openalex.org/W2156628505", "https://openalex.org/W2161299051", "https://openalex.org/W2163403085", "https://openalex.org/W2164249947", "https://openalex.org/W2405792454", "https://openalex.org/W2432429035", "https://openalex.org/W2600349519", "https://openalex.org/W2601913882", "https://openalex.org/W2602756222", "https://openalex.org/W2913626918", "https://openalex.org/W4239833500", "https://openalex.org/W4246917063", "https://openalex.org/W4248441758", "https://openalex.org/W6600841777", "https://openalex.org/W6601638961", "https://openalex.org/W6602406103", "https://openalex.org/W6603850445", "https://openalex.org/W6604525367", "https://openalex.org/W6607520151", "https://openalex.org/W6609576645", "https://openalex.org/W6610409228", "https://openalex.org/W6640216992", "https://openalex.org/W6775718262", "https://openalex.org/W6812555247"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2088134950", "https://openalex.org/W2047986527", "https://openalex.org/W2950134037", "https://openalex.org/W1684837780", "https://openalex.org/W998914686", "https://openalex.org/W4288374992", "https://openalex.org/W3081183908", "https://openalex.org/W2101740100", "https://openalex.org/W2012198878", "https://openalex.org/W2015125370"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 110], "BLAST": [1, 35, 70, 97, 114], "programs": [2, 36], "are": [3], "widely": [4], "used": [5, 145], "tools": [6], "for": [7, 13, 51, 63, 89], "searching": [8, 104], "protein": [9, 17], "and": [10, 24, 103, 150], "DNA": [11], "databases": [12], "sequence": [14, 141], "similarities.": [15, 47, 142], "For": [16], "comparisons,": [18], "a": [19, 60, 68, 85, 99], "variety": [20], "of": [21, 33, 55, 80, 153], "definitional,": [22], "algorithmic": [23], "statistical": [25], "refinements": [26], "described": [27], "here": [28], "permits": [29], "the": [30, 34, 53, 78, 81, 105, 120, 154], "execution": [31], "time": [32], "to": [37, 45, 136, 146], "be": [38], "decreased": [39], "substantially": [40], "while": [41], "enhancing": [42], "their": [43], "sensitivity": [44], "weak": [46, 137], "A": [48], "new": [49, 61, 149], "criterion": [50], "triggering": [52], "extension": [54], "word": [56], "hits,": [57], "combined": [58], "with": [59], "heuristic": [62], "generating": [64], "gapped": [65, 69, 126], "alignments,": [66], "yields": [67], "program": [71, 116], "that": [72], "runs": [73, 117], "at": [74, 118], "approximately": [75, 119], "three": [76], "times": [77], "speed": [79, 122], "original.": [82], "In": [83], "addition,": [84], "method": [86], "is": [87, 132, 144], "introduced": [88], "automatically": [90], "combining": [91], "statistically": [92], "significant": [93], "alignments": [94], "produced": [95], "by": [96], "into": [98], "position-specific": [100], "score": [101], "matrix,": [102], "database": [106], "using": [107], "this": [108], "matrix.": [109], "resulting": [111], "Position-Specific": [112], "Iterated": [113], "(PSI-BLAST)": [115], "same": [121], "per": [123], "iteration": [124], "as": [125], "BLAST,": [127], "but": [128, 138], "in": [129], "many": [130], "cases": [131], "much": [133], "more": [134], "sensitive": [135], "biologically": [139], "relevant": [140], "PSI-BLAST": [143], "uncover": [147], "several": [148], "interesting": [151], "members": [152], "BRCT": [155], "superfamily.": [156]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 354}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1752}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2167}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1983}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2490}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2849}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2720}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2547}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2455}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2396}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2577}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2749}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3043}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3227}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3272}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2106096361", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879", "title": "Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.", "display_name": "Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.", "publication_year": 2003, "publication_date": "2003-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2106096361", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879", "mag": "2106096361", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14516251"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S166002381", "display_name": "Journal of Applied Psychology", "issn_l": "0021-9010", "issn": ["0021-9010", "1939-1854"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320262", "host_organization_name": "American Psychological Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Psychological Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Applied Psychology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5046587712", "display_name": "Philip M. Podsakoff", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119109", "display_name": "Indiana University Bloomington", "ror": "https://ror.org/02k40bc56", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210119109", "https://openalex.org/I592451"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Philip M. Podsakoff", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Management, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-1701, USA. podsakof@indiana.edu", "Department of Management, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, US"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Management, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-1701, USA. podsakof@indiana.edu", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Management, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, US", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5021741190", "display_name": "Scott MacKenzie", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119109", "display_name": "Indiana University Bloomington", "ror": "https://ror.org/02k40bc56", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210119109", "https://openalex.org/I592451"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Scott B. MacKenzie", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Marketing, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, US"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Marketing, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, US", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022877976", "display_name": "Jeong Yeon Lee", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2622-7831"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119109", "display_name": "Indiana University Bloomington", "ror": "https://ror.org/02k40bc56", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210119109", "https://openalex.org/I592451"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jeong-Yeon Lee", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Management, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, US"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Management, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, US", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5081890911", "display_name": "Nathan P. Podsakoff", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I33213144", "display_name": "University of Florida", "ror": "https://ror.org/02y3ad647", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nathan P. Podsakoff", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Marketing, University of Florida, FL, US"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Marketing, University of Florida, FL, US", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5046587712"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 144.5108, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 73824, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "88", "issue": "5", "first_page": "879", "last_page": "903"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10826", "display_name": "Behavioral and Psychological Studies", "score": 0.9962000250816345, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3204", "display_name": "Developmental and Educational Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10826", "display_name": "Behavioral and Psychological Studies", "score": 0.9962000250816345, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3204", "display_name": "Developmental and Educational Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11542", "display_name": "Behavioral Health and Interventions", "score": 0.986299991607666, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3202", "display_name": "Applied Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10467", "display_name": "Psychometric Methodologies and Testing", "score": 0.9797000288963318, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.6857016086578369}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "score": 0.5047847032546997}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-bias", "display_name": "Cognitive bias", "score": 0.5005743503570557}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition", "display_name": "Cognition", "score": 0.49139726161956787}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioural-sciences", "display_name": "Behavioural sciences", "score": 0.4889301359653473}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/control", "display_name": "Control (management)", "score": 0.46918439865112305}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science", "display_name": "Management science", "score": 0.34156447649002075}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.22448515892028809}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.17675566673278809}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychotherapist", "display_name": "Psychotherapist", "score": 0.11810678243637085}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "score": 0.08783063292503357}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.6857016086578369}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5047847032546997}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C189216375", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127759", "display_name": "Cognitive bias", "level": 3, "score": 0.5005743503570557}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169900460", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417", "display_name": "Cognition", "level": 2, "score": 0.49139726161956787}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C5570062", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3919817", "display_name": "Behavioural sciences", "level": 2, "score": 0.4889301359653473}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775924081", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371", "display_name": "Control (management)", "level": 2, "score": 0.46918439865112305}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C539667460", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942", "display_name": "Management science", "level": 1, "score": 0.34156447649002075}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.22448515892028809}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.17675566673278809}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257", "display_name": "Psychotherapist", "level": 1, "score": 0.11810678243637085}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.08783063292503357}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D001519", "descriptor_name": "Behavior", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001519", "descriptor_name": "Behavior", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001519", "descriptor_name": "Behavior", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011585", "descriptor_name": "Psychology, Applied", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011585", "descriptor_name": "Psychology, Applied", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011585", "descriptor_name": "Psychology, Applied", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012107", "descriptor_name": "Research Design", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012107", "descriptor_name": "Research Design", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012107", "descriptor_name": "Research Design", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015982", "descriptor_name": "Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015982", "descriptor_name": "Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015982", "descriptor_name": "Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S166002381", "display_name": "Journal of Applied Psychology", "issn_l": "0021-9010", "issn": ["0021-9010", "1939-1854"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320262", "host_organization_name": "American Psychological Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Psychological Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Applied Psychology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:14516251", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14516251", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of applied psychology", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16", "display_name": "Peace, Justice and strong institutions", "score": 0.47999998927116394}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 141, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3112059", "https://openalex.org/W116609700", "https://openalex.org/W145165948", "https://openalex.org/W597191469", "https://openalex.org/W642923558", "https://openalex.org/W1660594717", "https://openalex.org/W1782824561", "https://openalex.org/W1873057782", "https://openalex.org/W1897007643", "https://openalex.org/W1966451786", "https://openalex.org/W1972320590", "https://openalex.org/W1972655304", "https://openalex.org/W1973554919", "https://openalex.org/W1979422830", "https://openalex.org/W1980996468", "https://openalex.org/W1981185734", "https://openalex.org/W1982388982", "https://openalex.org/W1986936900", "https://openalex.org/W1989362746", "https://openalex.org/W1989528006", "https://openalex.org/W1990697028", "https://openalex.org/W1993208043", "https://openalex.org/W1994853321", "https://openalex.org/W1994971752", "https://openalex.org/W1995536240", "https://openalex.org/W1997571096", "https://openalex.org/W2001338645", "https://openalex.org/W2002561323", "https://openalex.org/W2004167653", "https://openalex.org/W2004320408", "https://openalex.org/W2004348505", "https://openalex.org/W2006869005", "https://openalex.org/W2008813908", "https://openalex.org/W2008815151", "https://openalex.org/W2012821420", "https://openalex.org/W2013586220", "https://openalex.org/W2014169941", "https://openalex.org/W2014847711", "https://openalex.org/W2018507693", "https://openalex.org/W2020446903", "https://openalex.org/W2020720804", "https://openalex.org/W2020854338", "https://openalex.org/W2021301441", "https://openalex.org/W2021695148", "https://openalex.org/W2024509488", "https://openalex.org/W2024721544", "https://openalex.org/W2026370699", "https://openalex.org/W2027506795", "https://openalex.org/W2029513820", "https://openalex.org/W2030130848", "https://openalex.org/W2030235029", "https://openalex.org/W2033442452", "https://openalex.org/W2036389121", "https://openalex.org/W2037837115", "https://openalex.org/W2038652613", "https://openalex.org/W2040454190", "https://openalex.org/W2040622755", "https://openalex.org/W2042035715", "https://openalex.org/W2042623233", "https://openalex.org/W2044108207", "https://openalex.org/W2044568981", "https://openalex.org/W2045181804", "https://openalex.org/W2046007695", "https://openalex.org/W2046622454", "https://openalex.org/W2047312496", "https://openalex.org/W2047566617", "https://openalex.org/W2048226819", "https://openalex.org/W2049030568", "https://openalex.org/W2050363530", "https://openalex.org/W2052877371", "https://openalex.org/W2054769817", "https://openalex.org/W2055242050", "https://openalex.org/W2056749799", "https://openalex.org/W2058599614", "https://openalex.org/W2059334100", "https://openalex.org/W2059628842", "https://openalex.org/W2059851708", "https://openalex.org/W2060635400", "https://openalex.org/W2061564019", "https://openalex.org/W2061711744", "https://openalex.org/W2065228212", "https://openalex.org/W2070194468", "https://openalex.org/W2070293564", "https://openalex.org/W2070694889", "https://openalex.org/W2071854134", "https://openalex.org/W2072142057", "https://openalex.org/W2075129888", "https://openalex.org/W2078600182", "https://openalex.org/W2081063940", "https://openalex.org/W2081958427", "https://openalex.org/W2083675669", "https://openalex.org/W2087309183", "https://openalex.org/W2087374250", "https://openalex.org/W2088303462", "https://openalex.org/W2089016366", "https://openalex.org/W2089251484", "https://openalex.org/W2090212281", "https://openalex.org/W2090814489", "https://openalex.org/W2092454443", "https://openalex.org/W2092798394", "https://openalex.org/W2097744999", "https://openalex.org/W2098505100", "https://openalex.org/W2099325598", "https://openalex.org/W2102573486", "https://openalex.org/W2103617890", "https://openalex.org/W2106106608", "https://openalex.org/W2106186145", "https://openalex.org/W2114977094", "https://openalex.org/W2115941580", "https://openalex.org/W2124912589", "https://openalex.org/W2127591318", "https://openalex.org/W2128090963", "https://openalex.org/W2134402147", "https://openalex.org/W2136417436", "https://openalex.org/W2136469196", "https://openalex.org/W2136981413", "https://openalex.org/W2139901480", "https://openalex.org/W2140593155", "https://openalex.org/W2141302415", "https://openalex.org/W2150238850", "https://openalex.org/W2150305036", "https://openalex.org/W2151346990", "https://openalex.org/W2152983331", "https://openalex.org/W2154107054", "https://openalex.org/W2154841656", "https://openalex.org/W2154984563", "https://openalex.org/W2156958714", "https://openalex.org/W2159013703", "https://openalex.org/W2159261557", "https://openalex.org/W2161928604", "https://openalex.org/W2313032153", "https://openalex.org/W2334573687", "https://openalex.org/W2495373952", "https://openalex.org/W2498779411", "https://openalex.org/W2781567914", "https://openalex.org/W2784299539", "https://openalex.org/W2905996356", "https://openalex.org/W2963241992", "https://openalex.org/W2966691287", "https://openalex.org/W4234742737", "https://openalex.org/W4237568451"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1995813262", "https://openalex.org/W4239691505", "https://openalex.org/W2056328765", "https://openalex.org/W2319738066", "https://openalex.org/W2063525694", "https://openalex.org/W2013373646", "https://openalex.org/W1485186704", "https://openalex.org/W1572459600", "https://openalex.org/W2042048995", "https://openalex.org/W3155211574"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Interest": [0], "in": [1, 11], "the": [2, 12, 21, 37, 45, 62, 74], "problem": [3], "of": [4, 20, 24, 39, 58, 104], "method": [5, 25, 49, 59, 67, 87], "biases": [6, 26, 50, 68], "has": [7], "a": [8, 17], "long": [9], "history": [10], "behavioral": [13, 52], "sciences.": [14], "Despite": [15], "this,": [16], "comprehensive": [18], "summary": [19], "potential": [22, 56], "sources": [23, 57], "and": [27, 78, 89, 98], "how": [28, 93], "to": [29, 43, 47, 71, 85, 94], "control": [30, 86], "for": [31, 92, 101], "them": [32], "does": [33], "not": [34], "exist.": [35], "Therefore,": [36], "purpose": [38], "this": [40], "article": [41], "is": [42], "examine": [44], "extent": [46], "which": [48, 66], "influence": [51, 69], "research": [53, 105], "results,": [54], "identify": [55], "biases,": [60, 88], "discuss": [61], "cognitive": [63], "processes": [64], "through": [65], "responses": [70], "measures,": [72], "evaluate": [73], "many": [75], "different": [76, 102], "procedural": [77, 97], "statistical": [79, 99], "techniques": [80], "that": [81], "can": [82], "be": [83], "used": [84], "provide": [90], "recommendations": [91], "select": [95], "appropriate": [96], "remedies": [100], "types": [103], "settings.": [106]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2744}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 8680}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 7316}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6900}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6959}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6128}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5058}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4274}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3818}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3304}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3110}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2871}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2676}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2303}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2070}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2007395042", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-0256(96)00008-0", "title": "Efficiency of ab-initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set", "display_name": "Efficiency of ab-initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set", "publication_year": 1996, "publication_date": "1996-07-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2007395042", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-0256(96)00008-0", "mag": "2007395042"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0927-0256(96)00008-0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-0256(96)00008-0", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S26018076", "display_name": "Computational Materials Science", "issn_l": "0927-0256", "issn": ["0927-0256", "1879-0801"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Computational Materials Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5019751186", "display_name": "Georg Kresse", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9102-4259"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I145847075", "display_name": "TU Wien", "ror": "https://ror.org/04d836q62", "country_code": "AT", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}], "countries": ["AT"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "G. Kresse", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Hauptstra\u03b2e S-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Hauptstra\u03b2e S-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062208820", "display_name": "J. Furthm\u00fcller", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-7403"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I76198965", "display_name": "Friedrich Schiller University Jena", "ror": "https://ror.org/05qpz1x62", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. Furthm\u00fcller", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rpertheorie und Theoretische Optik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universit\u00e4t Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany", "Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rpertheorie und Theoretische Optik, Friedrich\u2010Schiller\u2010Universit\u00e4t Jena, Max\u2010Wien\u2010Platz 1, D\u201007743 Jena, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rpertheorie und Theoretische Optik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universit\u00e4t Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rpertheorie und Theoretische Optik, Friedrich\u2010Schiller\u2010Universit\u00e4t Jena, Max\u2010Wien\u2010Platz 1, D\u201007743 Jena, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5019751186"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"], "apc_list": {"value": 3190, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3190}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 49.4527, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 73001, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99983948, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "6", "issue": "1", "first_page": "15", "last_page": "50"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11177", "display_name": "Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12044", "display_name": "Advanced Physical and Chemical Molecular Interactions", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1606", "display_name": "Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ab-initio", "display_name": "Ab initio", "score": 0.6324779391288757}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hamiltonian", "display_name": "Hamiltonian (control theory)", "score": 0.6135933995246887}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/basis-set", "display_name": "Basis set", "score": 0.5524305105209351}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/plane-wave", "display_name": "Plane wave", "score": 0.5355318188667297}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "score": 0.4704911708831787}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ab-initio-quantum-chemistry-methods", "display_name": "Ab initio quantum chemistry methods", "score": 0.4451865553855896}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/density-functional-theory", "display_name": "Density functional theory", "score": 0.4351430833339691}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-structure", "display_name": "Electronic structure", "score": 0.43143072724342346}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phonon", "display_name": "Phonon", "score": 0.420976847410202}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/degrees-of-freedom", "display_name": "Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)", "score": 0.41925710439682007}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tetrahedron", "display_name": "Tetrahedron", "score": 0.4181564152240753}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.4070276916027069}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.3852187991142273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.3515990972518921}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.13867750763893127}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecule", "display_name": "Molecule", "score": 0.13125941157341003}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization", "display_name": "Mathematical optimization", "score": 0.1041233241558075}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781442258", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46310", "display_name": "Ab initio", "level": 2, "score": 0.6324779391288757}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C130787639", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645293", "display_name": "Hamiltonian (control theory)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6135933995246887}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C65956243", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664086", "display_name": "Basis set", "level": 3, "score": 0.5524305105209351}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C40308292", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122518", "display_name": "Plane wave", "level": 2, "score": 0.5355318188667297}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121864883", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4704911708831787}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C183971685", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q547605", "display_name": "Ab initio quantum chemistry methods", "level": 3, "score": 0.4451865553855896}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C152365726", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048589", "display_name": "Density functional theory", "level": 2, "score": 0.4351430833339691}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86025842", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358432", "display_name": "Electronic structure", "level": 2, "score": 0.43143072724342346}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C24169881", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186608", "display_name": "Phonon", "level": 2, "score": 0.420976847410202}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C208081375", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502", "display_name": "Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)", "level": 2, "score": 0.41925710439682007}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105239961", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160003", "display_name": "Tetrahedron", "level": 2, "score": 0.4181564152240753}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4070276916027069}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.3852187991142273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.3515990972518921}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.13867750763893127}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C32909587", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369", "display_name": "Molecule", "level": 2, "score": 0.13125941157341003}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126255220", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495", "display_name": "Mathematical optimization", "level": 1, "score": 0.1041233241558075}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8010536", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398", "display_name": "Crystallography", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0927-0256(96)00008-0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-0256(96)00008-0", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S26018076", "display_name": "Computational Materials Science", "issn_l": "0927-0256", "issn": ["0927-0256", "1879-0801"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Computational Materials Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7", "display_name": "Affordable and clean energy", "score": 0.8700000047683716}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 58, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W34580700", "https://openalex.org/W1968426044", "https://openalex.org/W1969891690", "https://openalex.org/W1970127494", "https://openalex.org/W1972909908", "https://openalex.org/W1974224232", "https://openalex.org/W1974333117", "https://openalex.org/W1977822596", "https://openalex.org/W1981619846", "https://openalex.org/W1988762313", "https://openalex.org/W1992028354", "https://openalex.org/W1993725444", "https://openalex.org/W1995469798", "https://openalex.org/W1996728110", "https://openalex.org/W1998366223", "https://openalex.org/W2008350578", "https://openalex.org/W2009596258", "https://openalex.org/W2010785223", "https://openalex.org/W2013183108", "https://openalex.org/W2013782770", "https://openalex.org/W2014984574", "https://openalex.org/W2018032907", "https://openalex.org/W2020068981", "https://openalex.org/W2022247528", "https://openalex.org/W2028595050", "https://openalex.org/W2032588197", "https://openalex.org/W2032865222", "https://openalex.org/W2036113194", "https://openalex.org/W2046001409", "https://openalex.org/W2046274096", "https://openalex.org/W2048995843", "https://openalex.org/W2050729144", "https://openalex.org/W2054960930", "https://openalex.org/W2055640329", "https://openalex.org/W2059586807", "https://openalex.org/W2060880786", "https://openalex.org/W2064807075", "https://openalex.org/W2069970015", "https://openalex.org/W2072132871", "https://openalex.org/W2075699404", "https://openalex.org/W2076059435", "https://openalex.org/W2077377413", "https://openalex.org/W2079105963", "https://openalex.org/W2083213195", "https://openalex.org/W2084429590", "https://openalex.org/W2087585288", "https://openalex.org/W2087698390", "https://openalex.org/W2088380112", "https://openalex.org/W2107278155", "https://openalex.org/W2115878464", "https://openalex.org/W2117686912", "https://openalex.org/W2123083227", "https://openalex.org/W2230728100", "https://openalex.org/W2341283081", "https://openalex.org/W2644354256", "https://openalex.org/W3178245316", "https://openalex.org/W4250857793", "https://openalex.org/W4295098785"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3118783749", "https://openalex.org/W2002583644", "https://openalex.org/W3119989344", "https://openalex.org/W2025402442", "https://openalex.org/W2098990162", "https://openalex.org/W1987870972", "https://openalex.org/W2324154106", "https://openalex.org/W2129220649", "https://openalex.org/W2044425318", "https://openalex.org/W2073735182"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1974}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 8378}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 7797}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6715}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6435}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5541}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4804}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4266}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3762}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3290}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2858}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2571}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2244}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1859}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1673}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1856219842", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(90)90598-4", "title": "Standard methods: For the examination of water and waste water", "display_name": "Standard methods: For the examination of water and waste water", "publication_year": 1990, "publication_date": "1990-04-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1856219842", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(90)90598-4", "mag": "1856219842"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0003-2697(90)90598-4", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(90)90598-4", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7858788", "display_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "issn_l": "0003-2697", "issn": ["0003-2697", "1096-0309"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c075199642", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5075188243", "display_name": "A. E. Greenberg", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Water Environment Federation.", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038001625", "display_name": "Lenore S. Clesceri", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Water Pollution Control Federation.", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5034967336", "display_name": "Andrew D. Eaton", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1331-1222"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "American Water Works Association.", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "American Public Health Association.", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "American Public Health Association.", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5075188243"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": {"value": 3320, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3320}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1341.7532, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 72466, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "186", "issue": "1", "first_page": "183", "last_page": "183"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11634", "display_name": "Water Quality and Pollution Assessment", "score": 0.8208000063896179, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2312", "display_name": "Water Science and Technology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11634", "display_name": "Water Quality and Pollution Assessment", "score": 0.8208000063896179, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2312", "display_name": "Water Science and Technology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science", "display_name": "Environmental science", "score": 0.5426855087280273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater", "display_name": "Wastewater", "score": 0.503692090511322}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management", "display_name": "Waste management", "score": 0.45931413769721985}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-chemistry", "display_name": "Environmental chemistry", "score": 0.3953712582588196}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.3910484313964844}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pulp-and-paper-industry", "display_name": "Pulp and paper industry", "score": 0.3697921335697174}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering", "display_name": "Environmental engineering", "score": 0.19008690118789673}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.13836213946342468}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847", "display_name": "Environmental science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5426855087280273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C94061648", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191", "display_name": "Wastewater", "level": 2, "score": 0.503692090511322}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388", "display_name": "Waste management", "level": 1, "score": 0.45931413769721985}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107872376", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355", "display_name": "Environmental chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.3953712582588196}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.3910484313964844}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C528095902", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886", "display_name": "Pulp and paper industry", "level": 1, "score": 0.3697921335697174}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C87717796", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326", "display_name": "Environmental engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.19008690118789673}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.13836213946342468}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0003-2697(90)90598-4", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(90)90598-4", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7858788", "display_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "issn_l": "0003-2697", "issn": ["0003-2697", "1096-0309"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:quod.lib.umich.edu:MIU01-000494277", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c075199642", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764988245", "display_name": "The Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association", "issn_l": "0898-4212", "issn": ["0898-4212", "1945-7987"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316636", "host_organization_name": "Abraham Lincoln Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316636"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Abraham Lincoln Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "public-domain", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:quod.lib.umich.edu:MIU01-000494277", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c075199642", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764988245", "display_name": "The Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association", "issn_l": "0898-4212", "issn": ["0898-4212", "1945-7987"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316636", "host_organization_name": "Abraham Lincoln Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316636"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Abraham Lincoln Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "public-domain", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6", "display_name": "Clean water and sanitation", "score": 0.6700000166893005}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2358752834", "https://openalex.org/W2385882612", "https://openalex.org/W2348940987", "https://openalex.org/W2369202248", "https://openalex.org/W1980686195", "https://openalex.org/W2388561655", "https://openalex.org/W2364942512", "https://openalex.org/W2046973424", "https://openalex.org/W1510571922"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 39}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1470}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1862}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1916}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4086}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4326}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3968}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3777}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3712}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3983}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3702}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3805}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3348}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3081}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1971440513", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173", "title": "The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.", "display_name": "The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.", "publication_year": 1986, "publication_date": "1986-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1971440513", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173", "mag": "1971440513", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3806354"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S29984966", "display_name": "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology", "issn_l": "0022-3514", "issn": ["0022-3514", "1939-1315"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320262", "host_organization_name": "American Psychological Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Psychological Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5077619229", "display_name": "Reuben M. Baron", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I140172145", "display_name": "University of Connecticut", "ror": "https://ror.org/02der9h97", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Reuben M. Baron", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["U Connecticut, Storrs"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "U Connecticut, Storrs", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076830952", "display_name": "David A. Kenny", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-6536"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David A. Kenny", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5077619229"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I140172145"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 32.5343, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 71962, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99912406, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "51", "issue": "6", "first_page": "1173", "last_page": "1182"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11454", "display_name": "Cultural Differences and Values", "score": 0.9943000078201294, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11454", "display_name": "Cultural Differences and Values", "score": 0.9943000078201294, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10182", "display_name": "Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development", "score": 0.9922000169754028, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3203", "display_name": "Clinical Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10314", "display_name": "Social and Intergroup Psychology", "score": 0.9905999898910522, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/moderation", "display_name": "Moderation", "score": 0.922284722328186}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.8303868174552917}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology", "display_name": "Social psychology", "score": 0.6418458223342896}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/personality", "display_name": "Personality", "score": 0.5292640924453735}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/function", "display_name": "Function (biology)", "score": 0.441040962934494}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework", "display_name": "Conceptual framework", "score": 0.4288586378097534}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mediator", "display_name": "Mediator", "score": 0.4269542694091797}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "score": 0.3369365334510803}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.22782951593399048}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C93225998", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972", "display_name": "Moderation", "level": 2, "score": 0.922284722328186}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.8303868174552917}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.6418458223342896}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C187288502", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118", "display_name": "Personality", "level": 2, "score": 0.5292640924453735}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C14036430", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076", "display_name": "Function (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.441040962934494}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C14224292", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188", "display_name": "Conceptual framework", "level": 2, "score": 0.4288586378097534}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2107291", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14886885", "display_name": "Mediator", "level": 2, "score": 0.4269542694091797}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3369365334510803}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.22782951593399048}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D001290", "descriptor_name": "Attitude", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001290", "descriptor_name": "Attitude", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001290", "descriptor_name": "Attitude", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001519", "descriptor_name": "Behavior", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001519", "descriptor_name": "Behavior", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001519", "descriptor_name": "Behavior", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008960", "descriptor_name": "Models, Psychological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008960", "descriptor_name": "Models, Psychological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008960", "descriptor_name": "Models, Psychological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010551", "descriptor_name": "Personality", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010551", "descriptor_name": "Personality", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010551", "descriptor_name": "Personality", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011593", "descriptor_name": "Psychology, Social", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011593", "descriptor_name": "Psychology, Social", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011593", "descriptor_name": "Psychology, Social", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012106", "descriptor_name": "Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012106", "descriptor_name": "Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012106", "descriptor_name": "Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 11, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S29984966", "display_name": "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology", "issn_l": "0022-3514", "issn": ["0022-3514", "1939-1315"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320262", "host_organization_name": "American Psychological Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Psychological Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:3806354", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3806354", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of personality and social psychology", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.169.4836", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.169.4836", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.public.asu.edu/%7Edavidpm/classes/psy536/Baron.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.539.1484", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.539.1484", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.psych.uncc.edu/pagoolka/Jpsp1986p1173.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.915.2799", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.915.2799", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Kenny/publication/19356291_The_moderatormediator_variable_distinction_in_social_psychological_research_Conceptual_strategic_and_statistical_considerations/links/02e7e51b50e5ca1459000000.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.915.5", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.915.5", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Kenny/publication/19356291_The_ModeratorMediator_Variable_Distinction_in_Social_Psychological_Research_Conceptual_Strategic_and_Statistical_Consideration./links/02e7e51b50e5ca1459000000.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.915.5881", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.915.5881", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Kenny/publication/19356291_The_Moderator-Mediator_Variable_Distinction_in_Social_Psychological_Research/links/02e7e51b50e5ca1459000000.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.917.2326", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.917.2326", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.personal.kent.edu/%7Edfresco/CRM_Readings/Baron_%26_Kenny_%281986%29.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.918.1002", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.918.1002", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Kenny/publication/19356291_The_moderator-mediator_variable_distinction_in_social_psychological_research_conceptual_strategic_and_statistical_considerations/links/02e7e51b50e5ca1459000000.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.924.8038", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.924.8038", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.mcole-psy.com/mcole/Cole-publications/Baron-Kenny1986_The%20moderator-mediator%20variable%20distinction.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.925.4889", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.925.4889", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Kenny/publication/19356291_The_Moderator_Mediator_Variable_Distinction_in_Social_Psychological-Research_-_Conceptual_Strategic_and_Statistical_Considerations/links/02e7e51b50e5ca1459000000.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10", "display_name": "Reduced inequalities", "score": 0.41999998688697815}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 40, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W27784307", "https://openalex.org/W32892794", "https://openalex.org/W255769828", "https://openalex.org/W1488837022", "https://openalex.org/W1491644571", "https://openalex.org/W1600721552", "https://openalex.org/W1976876708", "https://openalex.org/W1989314580", "https://openalex.org/W1989787460", "https://openalex.org/W1999465464", "https://openalex.org/W2000853395", "https://openalex.org/W2004168348", "https://openalex.org/W2009629808", "https://openalex.org/W2010935154", "https://openalex.org/W2012073895", "https://openalex.org/W2013267907", "https://openalex.org/W2015629690", "https://openalex.org/W2024509488", "https://openalex.org/W2026115628", "https://openalex.org/W2030495399", "https://openalex.org/W2034422325", "https://openalex.org/W2047751140", "https://openalex.org/W2050506113", "https://openalex.org/W2051882866", "https://openalex.org/W2056877099", "https://openalex.org/W2065090143", "https://openalex.org/W2085756359", "https://openalex.org/W2085907058", "https://openalex.org/W2090412245", "https://openalex.org/W2124744054", "https://openalex.org/W2133177370", "https://openalex.org/W2143291771", "https://openalex.org/W2159401492", "https://openalex.org/W2160054292", "https://openalex.org/W2318602738", "https://openalex.org/W2323632011", "https://openalex.org/W2325798616", "https://openalex.org/W2333535761", "https://openalex.org/W2915369099", "https://openalex.org/W4244531155"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4256153839", "https://openalex.org/W1973164868", "https://openalex.org/W2470203259", "https://openalex.org/W3175762254", "https://openalex.org/W2038868688", "https://openalex.org/W3042749926", "https://openalex.org/W2608340150", "https://openalex.org/W2293633609", "https://openalex.org/W3156870435", "https://openalex.org/W2060095730"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"In": [0], "this": [1, 61], "article,": [2], "we": [3, 21], "attempt": [4], "to": [5, 23, 80], "distinguish": [6], "between": [7], "the": [8, 30, 35, 48, 67, 106, 111], "properties": [9], "of": [10, 18, 29, 32, 72, 75, 84, 100, 110, 121], "moderator": [11, 37, 112], "and": [12, 26, 38, 46, 54, 65, 69, 88, 91, 113, 118, 130], "mediator": [13, 39, 114], "variables": [14], "at": [15], "a": [16, 81, 97, 122], "number": [17], "levels.": [19], "First,": [20], "seek": [22], "make": [24], "theorists": [25], "researchers": [27], "aware": [28], "importance": [31], "not": [33], "using": [34], "terms": [36, 120], "interchangeably": [40], "by": [41], "carefully": [42], "elaborating,": [43], "both": [44, 116, 128], "conceptually": [45], "strategically,": [47], "many": [49], "ways": [50], "in": [51, 119], "which": [52], "moderators": [53, 129], "mediators": [55], "differ.": [56], "We": [57, 94], "then": [58], "go": [59], "beyond": [60], "largely": [62], "pedagogical": [63], "function": [64], "delineate": [66], "conceptual": [68], "strategic": [70], "implications": [71], "making": [73, 105], "use": [74, 109], "such": [76], "distinctions": [77], "with": [78], "regard": [79], "wide": [82], "range": [83], "phenomena,": [85], "including": [86], "control": [87], "stress,": [89], "attitudes,": [90], "personality": [92], "traits.": [93], "also": [95], "provide": [96], "specific": [98], "compendium": [99], "analytic": [101], "procedures": [102], "appropriate": [103], "for": [104], "most": [107], "effective": [108], "distinction,": [115], "separately": [117], "broader": [123], "causal": [124], "system": [125], "that": [126], "includes": [127], "mediators.": [131]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 164}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1180}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1572}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1589}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1836}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3818}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3897}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3701}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3445}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3606}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3856}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 4250}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 4365}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 4311}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 4052}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4292811746", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173", "title": "The moderator\u2013mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.", "display_name": "The moderator\u2013mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.", "publication_year": 1986, "publication_date": "1986-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4292811746", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S29984966", "display_name": "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology", "issn_l": "0022-3514", "issn": ["0022-3514", "1939-1315"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320262", "host_organization_name": "American Psychological Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Psychological Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5077619229", "display_name": "Reuben M. Baron", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Reuben M. Baron", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076830952", "display_name": "David A. Kenny", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-6536"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David A. Kenny", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5077619229"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 57.2338, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 69898, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99857692, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "51", "issue": "6", "first_page": "1173", "last_page": "1182"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10314", "display_name": "Social and Intergroup Psychology", "score": 0.47769999504089355, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10314", "display_name": "Social and Intergroup Psychology", "score": 0.47769999504089355, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/moderation", "display_name": "Moderation", "score": 0.9210535287857056}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.8443212509155273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology", "display_name": "Social psychology", "score": 0.6167906522750854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/relation", "display_name": "Relation (database)", "score": 0.44349780678749084}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mediator", "display_name": "Mediator", "score": 0.42634865641593933}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C93225998", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972", "display_name": "Moderation", "level": 2, "score": 0.9210535287857056}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.8443212509155273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.6167906522750854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C25343380", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521", "display_name": "Relation (database)", "level": 2, "score": 0.44349780678749084}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2107291", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14886885", "display_name": "Mediator", "level": 2, "score": 0.42634865641593933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513", "display_name": "Database", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S29984966", "display_name": "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology", "issn_l": "0022-3514", "issn": ["0022-3514", "1939-1315"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320262", "host_organization_name": "American Psychological Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Psychological Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2073050111", "https://openalex.org/W3093710306", "https://openalex.org/W750217911", "https://openalex.org/W2740268725", "https://openalex.org/W1517021018", "https://openalex.org/W4206949499", "https://openalex.org/W1965800774", "https://openalex.org/W1981237115", "https://openalex.org/W2010073985"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 870}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3570}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3954}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4401}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4665}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4225}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3905}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3491}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3429}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3404}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3315}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3242}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3154}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3111}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2847}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2752617332", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405x(76)90026-x", "title": "Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure", "display_name": "Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure", "publication_year": 1976, "publication_date": "1976-10-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2752617332", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405x(76)90026-x", "mag": "2752617332"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0304-405x(76)90026-x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405x(76)90026-x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S149240962", "display_name": "Journal of Financial Economics", "issn_l": "0304-405X", "issn": ["0304-405X", "1879-2774"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Financial Economics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068490503", "display_name": "Michael C. Jensen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9084-1361"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I5388228", "display_name": "University of Rochester", "ror": "https://ror.org/022kthw22", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Michael C. Jensen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, U.S.A"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, U.S.A", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5000102021", "display_name": "William H. Meckling", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I5388228", "display_name": "University of Rochester", "ror": "https://ror.org/022kthw22", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "William H. Meckling", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, U.S.A"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, U.S.A", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5068490503"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I5388228"], "apc_list": {"value": 4250, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4250}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 173.1773, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 69679, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99992149, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "3", "issue": "4", "first_page": "305", "last_page": "360"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12137", "display_name": "Economic theories and models", "score": 0.9959999918937683, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2002", "display_name": "Economics and Econometrics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12137", "display_name": "Economic theories and models", "score": 0.9959999918937683, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2002", "display_name": "Economics and Econometrics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10127", "display_name": "Banking stability, regulation, efficiency", "score": 0.9929999709129333, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2003", "display_name": "Finance"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10047", "display_name": "Financial Markets and Investment Strategies", "score": 0.9860000014305115, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2003", "display_name": "Finance"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/agency-cost", "display_name": "Agency cost", "score": 0.6480812430381775}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/principal\u2013agent-problem", "display_name": "Principal\u2013agent problem", "score": 0.6308650374412537}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/equity", "display_name": "Equity (law)", "score": 0.5637302398681641}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/debt", "display_name": "Debt", "score": 0.5490215420722961}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/economics", "display_name": "Economics", "score": 0.4960866868495941}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/agency", "display_name": "Agency (philosophy)", "score": 0.46687644720077515}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/business", "display_name": "Business", "score": 0.4445981979370117}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-principle", "display_name": "Pareto principle", "score": 0.42045876383781433}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics", "display_name": "Law and economics", "score": 0.38952386379241943}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/finance", "display_name": "Finance", "score": 0.38196536898612976}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting", "display_name": "Accounting", "score": 0.3390847444534302}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance", "display_name": "Corporate governance", "score": 0.2736303210258484}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/law", "display_name": "Law", "score": 0.18888938426971436}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.1399964988231659}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.0971178412437439}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C36673458", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392896", "display_name": "Agency cost", "level": 4, "score": 0.6480812430381775}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C200707436", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053211", "display_name": "Principal\u2013agent problem", "level": 3, "score": 0.6308650374412537}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199728807", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557", "display_name": "Equity (law)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5637302398681641}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120527767", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867", "display_name": "Debt", "level": 2, "score": 0.5490215420722961}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.4960866868495941}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C108170787", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828", "display_name": "Agency (philosophy)", "level": 2, "score": 0.46687644720077515}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453", "display_name": "Business", "level": 0, "score": 0.4445981979370117}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C137635306", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667", "display_name": "Pareto principle", "level": 2, "score": 0.42045876383781433}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C190253527", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354", "display_name": "Law and economics", "level": 1, "score": 0.38952386379241943}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015", "display_name": "Finance", "level": 1, "score": 0.38196536898612976}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121955636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214", "display_name": "Accounting", "level": 1, "score": 0.3390847444534302}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767", "display_name": "Corporate governance", "level": 2, "score": 0.2736303210258484}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.18888938426971436}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.1399964988231659}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0971178412437439}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C21547014", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657", "display_name": "Operations management", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120757647", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381136", "display_name": "Shareholder", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749", "display_name": "Social science", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0304-405x(76)90026-x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405x(76)90026-x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S149240962", "display_name": "Journal of Financial Economics", "issn_l": "0304-405X", "issn": ["0304-405X", "1879-2774"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Financial Economics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 122, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W92380205", "https://openalex.org/W134712659", "https://openalex.org/W157943428", "https://openalex.org/W582826843", "https://openalex.org/W602843133", "https://openalex.org/W1489322205", "https://openalex.org/W1503295912", "https://openalex.org/W1513480428", "https://openalex.org/W1527412032", "https://openalex.org/W1540250721", "https://openalex.org/W1546993880", "https://openalex.org/W1558060248", "https://openalex.org/W1562821284", "https://openalex.org/W1566344170", "https://openalex.org/W1579537267", "https://openalex.org/W1591559241", "https://openalex.org/W1596777011", "https://openalex.org/W1605256550", "https://openalex.org/W1648937643", "https://openalex.org/W1969850460", "https://openalex.org/W1973241508", "https://openalex.org/W1973308529", "https://openalex.org/W1973563023", "https://openalex.org/W1976029173", "https://openalex.org/W1984581679", "https://openalex.org/W1992563875", "https://openalex.org/W1993875222", "https://openalex.org/W1994008784", "https://openalex.org/W1997540950", "https://openalex.org/W2015353363", "https://openalex.org/W2015930340", "https://openalex.org/W2017523543", "https://openalex.org/W2018369641", "https://openalex.org/W2019949804", "https://openalex.org/W2028436159", "https://openalex.org/W2029056003", "https://openalex.org/W2030620219", "https://openalex.org/W2041909722", "https://openalex.org/W2050260347", "https://openalex.org/W2054235992", "https://openalex.org/W2054467010", "https://openalex.org/W2060827592", "https://openalex.org/W2063377891", "https://openalex.org/W2068662554", "https://openalex.org/W2074061242", "https://openalex.org/W2075911810", "https://openalex.org/W2077791698", "https://openalex.org/W2093509755", "https://openalex.org/W2099402292", "https://openalex.org/W2105973145", "https://openalex.org/W2120549852", "https://openalex.org/W2121308228", "https://openalex.org/W2122847405", "https://openalex.org/W2124597406", "https://openalex.org/W2131740028", "https://openalex.org/W2131773668", "https://openalex.org/W2148962857", "https://openalex.org/W2151466613", "https://openalex.org/W2159581772", "https://openalex.org/W2159860281", "https://openalex.org/W2159984519", "https://openalex.org/W2162167300", "https://openalex.org/W2162448899", "https://openalex.org/W2165040113", "https://openalex.org/W2165175817", "https://openalex.org/W2177756622", "https://openalex.org/W2280118875", "https://openalex.org/W2288029257", "https://openalex.org/W2312560584", "https://openalex.org/W2315093138", "https://openalex.org/W2320708081", "https://openalex.org/W2321558017", "https://openalex.org/W2322103552", "https://openalex.org/W2324882973", "https://openalex.org/W2325110464", "https://openalex.org/W2326037061", "https://openalex.org/W2331156937", "https://openalex.org/W2796786731", "https://openalex.org/W2797642493", "https://openalex.org/W2798135773", "https://openalex.org/W2977602325", "https://openalex.org/W3121699506", "https://openalex.org/W3123250135", "https://openalex.org/W3123462387", "https://openalex.org/W3125443750", "https://openalex.org/W3125744792", "https://openalex.org/W4230159647", "https://openalex.org/W4230661391", "https://openalex.org/W4230950302", "https://openalex.org/W4230979006", "https://openalex.org/W4231057775", "https://openalex.org/W4231546411", "https://openalex.org/W4231597735", "https://openalex.org/W4231727548", "https://openalex.org/W4232432392", "https://openalex.org/W4241284614", "https://openalex.org/W4242595893", "https://openalex.org/W4244048416", "https://openalex.org/W4245460151", "https://openalex.org/W4246223421", "https://openalex.org/W4254035535", "https://openalex.org/W4298159268", "https://openalex.org/W4298209999", "https://openalex.org/W4299454264", "https://openalex.org/W4371769702", "https://openalex.org/W6605479331", "https://openalex.org/W6605782873", "https://openalex.org/W6629030837", "https://openalex.org/W6630825334", "https://openalex.org/W6633341441", "https://openalex.org/W6633625691", "https://openalex.org/W6633959632", "https://openalex.org/W6635392856", "https://openalex.org/W6636269078", "https://openalex.org/W6648666721", "https://openalex.org/W6654514807", "https://openalex.org/W6669206723", "https://openalex.org/W6675601452", "https://openalex.org/W6685774509", "https://openalex.org/W6695343640", "https://openalex.org/W6789293366", "https://openalex.org/W6990146461"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2380132076", "https://openalex.org/W3123752928", "https://openalex.org/W2357819076", "https://openalex.org/W2051122175", "https://openalex.org/W1970218265", "https://openalex.org/W2996606828", "https://openalex.org/W4320501069", "https://openalex.org/W2808716372", "https://openalex.org/W2381750582", "https://openalex.org/W2053786254"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 898}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3901}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3824}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4333}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3855}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3885}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3684}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3244}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3192}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2848}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2731}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3090}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3124}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3053}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2853}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2138270253", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463", "title": "DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors", "display_name": "DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors", "publication_year": 1977, "publication_date": "1977-12-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2138270253", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463", "mag": "2138270253", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/271968"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S125754415", "display_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "issn_l": "0027-8424", "issn": ["0027-8424", "1091-6490"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320052", "host_organization_name": "National Academy of Sciences", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["National Academy of Sciences"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "datacite", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/431765", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5114007683", "display_name": "Frederick Sanger", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170203145", "display_name": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00tw3jy02", "country_code": "GB", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170203145", "https://openalex.org/I4210087105", "https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I90344618", "display_name": "Medical Research Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/03x94j517", "country_code": "GB", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087105", "https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "F. Sanger", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170203145", "https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035256244", "display_name": "S. Nicklen", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I90344618", "display_name": "Medical Research Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/03x94j517", "country_code": "GB", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087105", "https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I170203145", "display_name": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00tw3jy02", "country_code": "GB", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170203145", "https://openalex.org/I4210087105", "https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "S. Nicklen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170203145", "https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110225174", "display_name": "Alan Coulson", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I90344618", "display_name": "Medical Research Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/03x94j517", "country_code": "GB", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087105", "https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I170203145", "display_name": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00tw3jy02", "country_code": "GB", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170203145", "https://openalex.org/I4210087105", "https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "A. R. Coulson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170203145", "https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5114007683"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170203145", "https://openalex.org/I90344618"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 92.3231, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 69210, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99989175, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "74", "issue": "12", "first_page": "5463", "last_page": "5467"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11048", "display_name": "Bacteriophages and microbial interactions", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303", "display_name": "Ecology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11048", "display_name": "Bacteriophages and microbial interactions", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303", "display_name": "Ecology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10521", "display_name": "RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms", "score": 0.9979000091552734, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10120", "display_name": "Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology", "score": 0.9922999739646912, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311", "display_name": "Genetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dna", "display_name": "DNA", "score": 0.6791026592254639}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sanger-sequencing", "display_name": "Sanger sequencing", "score": 0.6061826944351196}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleotide", "display_name": "Nucleotide", "score": 0.6051005721092224}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-polymerase", "display_name": "DNA polymerase", "score": 0.5045193433761597}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polymerase-chain-reaction", "display_name": "Polymerase chain reaction", "score": 0.4379737377166748}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.4332917034626007}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-sequencing", "display_name": "DNA sequencing", "score": 0.42386576533317566}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bacteriophage", "display_name": "Bacteriophage", "score": 0.4183991551399231}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polymerase", "display_name": "Polymerase", "score": 0.413821816444397}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-biology", "display_name": "Molecular biology", "score": 0.40103957056999207}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.3053990602493286}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "score": 0.2956467866897583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.180223286151886}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli", "display_name": "Escherichia coli", "score": 0.13532140851020813}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C552990157", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430", "display_name": "DNA", "level": 2, "score": 0.6791026592254639}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C76818968", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181940", "display_name": "Sanger sequencing", "level": 4, "score": 0.6061826944351196}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C512185932", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28745", "display_name": "Nucleotide", "level": 3, "score": 0.6051005721092224}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2756471", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206286", "display_name": "DNA polymerase", "level": 3, "score": 0.5045193433761597}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49105822", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996", "display_name": "Polymerase chain reaction", "level": 3, "score": 0.4379737377166748}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.4332917034626007}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C51679486", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546", "display_name": "DNA sequencing", "level": 3, "score": 0.42386576533317566}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776441376", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165028", "display_name": "Bacteriophage", "level": 4, "score": 0.4183991551399231}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C82381507", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416878", "display_name": "Polymerase", "level": 3, "score": 0.413821816444397}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153911025", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202", "display_name": "Molecular biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.40103957056999207}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.3053990602493286}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.2956467866897583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.180223286151886}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C547475151", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419", "display_name": "Escherichia coli", "level": 3, "score": 0.13532140851020813}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D001483", "descriptor_name": "Base Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001483", "descriptor_name": "Base Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001483", "descriptor_name": "Base Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003090", "descriptor_name": "Coliphages", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003090", "descriptor_name": "Coliphages", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003090", "descriptor_name": "Coliphages", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003854", "descriptor_name": "Deoxyribonucleotides", "qualifier_ui": "Q000494", "qualifier_name": "pharmacology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003854", "descriptor_name": "Deoxyribonucleotides", "qualifier_ui": "Q000494", "qualifier_name": "pharmacology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003854", "descriptor_name": "Deoxyribonucleotides", "qualifier_ui": "Q000494", "qualifier_name": "pharmacology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004256", "descriptor_name": "DNA Polymerase I", "qualifier_ui": "Q000037", "qualifier_name": "antagonists & inhibitors", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004256", "descriptor_name": "DNA Polymerase I", "qualifier_ui": "Q000037", "qualifier_name": "antagonists & inhibitors", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004256", "descriptor_name": "DNA Polymerase I", "qualifier_ui": "Q000037", "qualifier_name": "antagonists & inhibitors", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004262", "descriptor_name": "DNA Restriction Enzymes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004262", "descriptor_name": "DNA Restriction Enzymes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004262", "descriptor_name": "DNA Restriction Enzymes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004279", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Viral", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004279", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Viral", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004279", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Viral", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008722", "descriptor_name": "Methods", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008722", "descriptor_name": "Methods", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008722", "descriptor_name": "Methods", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S125754415", "display_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "issn_l": "0027-8424", "issn": ["0027-8424", "1091-6490"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320052", "host_organization_name": "National Academy of Sciences", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["National Academy of Sciences"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:271968", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/271968", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:431765", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/431765", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "doi:10.5283/epub.18678", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5283/epub.18678", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401229", "display_name": "University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I60668342", "host_organization_name": "University of Regensburg", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I60668342"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article-journal"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:431765", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/431765", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "raw_type": "Text"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 12, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1532331378", "https://openalex.org/W1970602392", "https://openalex.org/W1992595091", "https://openalex.org/W1999577244", "https://openalex.org/W2015367755", "https://openalex.org/W2052679757", "https://openalex.org/W2056946499", "https://openalex.org/W2092784580", "https://openalex.org/W2122180109", "https://openalex.org/W2314349163", "https://openalex.org/W2319356747", "https://openalex.org/W2759726048"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2805859037", "https://openalex.org/W2403609377", "https://openalex.org/W2041048994", "https://openalex.org/W4313342334", "https://openalex.org/W4225751448", "https://openalex.org/W3107980954", "https://openalex.org/W2276490703", "https://openalex.org/W3134891899", "https://openalex.org/W2398277866", "https://openalex.org/W4313584754"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"A": [0], "new": [1], "method": [2, 19], "for": [3], "determining": [4], "nucleotide": [5], "sequences": [6], "in": [7], "DNA": [8, 53, 62], "is": [9, 12, 67], "described.": [10], "It": [11], "similar": [13], "to": [14, 60], "the": [15, 36, 42, 61, 75, 78], "\"plus": [16], "and": [17, 38, 66, 70], "minus\"": [18], "[Sanger,": [20], "F.": [21], "&": [22], "Coulson,": [23], "A.": [24], "R.": [25], "(1975)": [26], "J.": [27], "Mol.": [28], "Biol.": [29], "94,": [30], "441-448]": [31], "but": [32], "makes": [33], "use": [34], "of": [35, 41, 52, 63], "2',3'-dideoxy": [37], "arabinonucleoside": [39], "analogues": [40], "normal": [43], "deoxynucleoside": [44], "triphosphates,": [45], "which": [46], "act": [47], "as": [48], "specific": [49], "chain-terminating": [50], "inhibitors": [51], "polymerase.": [54], "The": [55], "technique": [56], "has": [57], "been": [58], "applied": [59], "bacteriophage": [64], "varphiX174": [65], "more": [68, 71], "rapid": [69], "accurate": [72], "than": [73], "either": [74], "plus": [76], "or": [77], "minus": [79], "method.": [80]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 98}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 543}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 581}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 553}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 597}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 649}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 590}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 543}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 580}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 539}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 583}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 593}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 603}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 596}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 583}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2167279371", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2019", "title": "Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis", "display_name": "Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis", "publication_year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-06-28", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2167279371", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2019", "mag": "2167279371", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22743772"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/nmeth.2019", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2019", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127827428", "display_name": "Nature Methods", "issn_l": "1548-7091", "issn": ["1548-7091", "1548-7105"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5050085853", "display_name": "Johannes Schindelin", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210159854", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/05b8d3w18", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210159854"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Johannes Schindelin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210159854"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5021284069", "display_name": "Ignacio Arganda\u2010Carreras", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0229-5722"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210104429", "display_name": "Institute of Cognitive and Brain Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/01c3w3270", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210104429"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I63966007", "display_name": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/042nb2s44", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ignacio Arganda-Carreras", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210104429", "https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005279299", "display_name": "Erwin Frise", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9281-4567"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I148283060", "display_name": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jbv0t02", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1330989302", "https://openalex.org/I148283060", "https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Erwin Frise", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Genome Dynamics, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Genome Dynamics, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055757900", "display_name": "Verena Kaynig", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3520-0577"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I35440088", "display_name": "ETH Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a28rw58", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799323385", "https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Verena Kaynig", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computer Science of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024201884", "display_name": "Mark Longair", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2192-438X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I202697423", "display_name": "University of Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02crff812", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I12708293", "display_name": "SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics", "ror": "https://ror.org/002n09z45", "country_code": "CH", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mark Longair", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Neuroinformatics of the University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Neuroinformatics of the University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I12708293", "https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5081122949", "display_name": "Tobias Pietzsch", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9477-3957"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210159854", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/05b8d3w18", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210159854"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tobias Pietzsch", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210159854"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5036369136", "display_name": "Stephan Preibisch", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0276-494X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210159854", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/05b8d3w18", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210159854"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Stephan Preibisch", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210159854"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078540488", "display_name": "Curtis Rueden", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7055-6707"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I135310074", "display_name": "University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison", "ror": "https://ror.org/01y2jtd41", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Curtis Rueden", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024381551", "display_name": "Stephan Saalfeld", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-1761"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210159854", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/05b8d3w18", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210159854"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Stephan Saalfeld", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210159854"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5003321899", "display_name": "Benjamin Schmid", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9327-2296"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I25974101", "display_name": "University of W\u00fcrzburg", "ror": "https://ror.org/00fbnyb24", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Benjamin Schmid", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068316606", "display_name": "Jean-Yves Tin\u00e9vez", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0998-4718"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I157536573", "display_name": "Institut Pasteur", "ror": "https://ror.org/0495fxg12", "country_code": "FR", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I157536573"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jean-Yves Tinevez", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut Pasteur, Imagopole, La plate-forme d'imagerie dynamique, Paris, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut Pasteur, Imagopole, La plate-forme d'imagerie dynamique, Paris, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I157536573"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065589000", "display_name": "Daniel J. White", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-5804"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210159854", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/05b8d3w18", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210159854"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Daniel James White", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210159854"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023873563", "display_name": "Volker Hartenstein", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-7393"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Volker Hartenstein", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5010413374", "display_name": "Kevin W. Eliceiri", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8678-670X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I135310074", "display_name": "University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison", "ror": "https://ror.org/01y2jtd41", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kevin Eliceiri", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042671050", "display_name": "Pavel Toman\u010d\u00e1k", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2222-9370"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210159854", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/05b8d3w18", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210159854"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pavel Tomancak", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210159854"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042603640", "display_name": "Albert Cardona", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-6536"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I12708293", "display_name": "SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics", "ror": "https://ror.org/002n09z45", "country_code": "CH", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I202697423", "display_name": "University of Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02crff812", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Albert Cardona", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Neuroinformatics of the University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Neuroinformatics of the University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I12708293", "https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 4, "institutions_distinct_count": 16, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5050085853"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210159854"], "apc_list": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 665.8319, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 69040, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99991919, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "9", "issue": "7", "first_page": "676", "last_page": "682"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12859", "display_name": "Cell Image Analysis Techniques", "score": 0.9979000091552734, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1304", "display_name": "Biophysics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12859", "display_name": "Cell Image Analysis Techniques", "score": 0.9979000091552734, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1304", "display_name": "Biophysics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13937", "display_name": "Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research", "score": 0.9979000091552734, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9961000084877014, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-in", "display_name": "Plug-in", "score": 0.7968225479125977}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language", "display_name": "Scripting language", "score": 0.7427409291267395}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software", "display_name": "Software", "score": 0.7294418215751648}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.6895824670791626}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering", "display_name": "Software engineering", "score": 0.5444047451019287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation", "display_name": "Transformation (genetics)", "score": 0.5180606842041016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software", "display_name": "Open source software", "score": 0.5150746703147888}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science", "display_name": "Data science", "score": 0.45642492175102234}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source", "display_name": "Open source", "score": 0.45319992303848267}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing", "display_name": "Image processing", "score": 0.4263134300708771}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software-evolution", "display_name": "Software evolution", "score": 0.42412638664245605}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture", "display_name": "Architecture", "score": 0.42303386330604553}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system", "display_name": "Software system", "score": 0.35240375995635986}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "score": 0.3295063376426697}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.2247014343738556}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction", "display_name": "Software construction", "score": 0.1864013373851776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system", "display_name": "Operating system", "score": 0.13912498950958252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.1254453957080841}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C4924752", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148", "display_name": "Plug-in", "level": 2, "score": 0.7968225479125977}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C61423126", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432", "display_name": "Scripting language", "level": 2, "score": 0.7427409291267395}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.7294418215751648}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6895824670791626}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115903868", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993", "display_name": "Software engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.5444047451019287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C204241405", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499", "display_name": "Transformation (genetics)", "level": 3, "score": 0.5180606842041016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2988343187", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130645", "display_name": "Open source software", "level": 3, "score": 0.5150746703147888}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463", "display_name": "Data science", "level": 1, "score": 0.45642492175102234}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3018397939", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502", "display_name": "Open source", "level": 3, "score": 0.45319992303848267}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C9417928", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689", "display_name": "Image processing", "level": 3, "score": 0.4263134300708771}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C202105479", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265013", "display_name": "Software evolution", "level": 5, "score": 0.42412638664245605}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C123657996", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271", "display_name": "Architecture", "level": 2, "score": 0.42303386330604553}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149091818", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814", "display_name": "Software system", "level": 3, "score": 0.35240375995635986}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115961682", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.3295063376426697}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.2247014343738556}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C186846655", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377", "display_name": "Software construction", "level": 4, "score": 0.1864013373851776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.13912498950958252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.1254453957080841}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649", "display_name": "Visual arts", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001921", "descriptor_name": "Brain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000648", "qualifier_name": "ultrastructure", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001921", "descriptor_name": "Brain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000648", "qualifier_name": "ultrastructure", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001921", "descriptor_name": "Brain", "qualifier_ui": "Q000648", "qualifier_name": "ultrastructure", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004331", "descriptor_name": "Drosophila melanogaster", "qualifier_ui": "Q000648", "qualifier_name": "ultrastructure", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004331", "descriptor_name": "Drosophila melanogaster", "qualifier_ui": "Q000648", "qualifier_name": "ultrastructure", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004331", "descriptor_name": "Drosophila melanogaster", "qualifier_ui": "Q000648", "qualifier_name": "ultrastructure", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007089", "descriptor_name": "Image Enhancement", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007089", "descriptor_name": "Image Enhancement", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007089", "descriptor_name": "Image Enhancement", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007091", "descriptor_name": "Image Processing, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007091", "descriptor_name": "Image Processing, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007091", "descriptor_name": "Image Processing, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012985", "descriptor_name": "Software Design", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012985", "descriptor_name": "Software Design", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012985", "descriptor_name": "Software Design", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D021621", "descriptor_name": "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D021621", "descriptor_name": "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D021621", "descriptor_name": "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D033181", "descriptor_name": "Information Dissemination", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D033181", "descriptor_name": "Information Dissemination", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D033181", "descriptor_name": "Information Dissemination", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 7, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/nmeth.2019", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2019", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127827428", "display_name": "Nature Methods", "issn_l": "1548-7091", "issn": ["1548-7091", "1548-7105"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:22743772", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22743772", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature methods", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:HAL:pasteur-02616466v1", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pasteur.hal.science/pasteur-02616466", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402512", "display_name": "HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "host_organization_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods, 2012, 9 (7), pp.676-682. &#x27E8;10.1038/nmeth.2019&#x27E9;", "raw_type": "Journal articles"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:edoc.mpg.de:645260", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://edoc.mpg.de/645260", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4406922265", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods, v.9, 676-682 (2012)", "raw_type": "Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2840508", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3855844", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_2568920", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0001-0820-2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400654", "display_name": "MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I149899117", "host_organization_name": "Max Planck Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:75354", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.zora.uzh.ch/75354", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401281", "display_name": "Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I202697423", "host_organization_name": "University of Zurich", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I202697423"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Schindelin, Johannes; Arganda-Carreras, Ignacio; Frise, Erwin; Kaynig, Verena; Longair, Mark; Pietzsch, Tobias; Preibisch, Stephan; Rueden, Curtis; Saalfeld, Stephan; Schmid, Benjamin; Tinevez, Jean-Yves; James White, Daniel; Hartenstein, Volker; Eliceiri, Kevin; Tomancak, Pavel; Cardona, Albert  (2012). Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis.  Nature Methods, 9(7):676-682.", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9", "display_name": "Industry, innovation and infrastructure", "score": 0.5899999737739563}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 42, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1238092070", "https://openalex.org/W1540070193", "https://openalex.org/W1548529611", "https://openalex.org/W1635391495", "https://openalex.org/W1835740130", "https://openalex.org/W1924015474", "https://openalex.org/W1969013163", "https://openalex.org/W1985072454", "https://openalex.org/W2000396646", "https://openalex.org/W2016029650", "https://openalex.org/W2018227909", "https://openalex.org/W2022235653", "https://openalex.org/W2026140461", "https://openalex.org/W2031312855", "https://openalex.org/W2055043387", "https://openalex.org/W2064043367", "https://openalex.org/W2065455422", "https://openalex.org/W2069981183", "https://openalex.org/W2078930619", "https://openalex.org/W2091733078", "https://openalex.org/W2094574421", "https://openalex.org/W2104095591", "https://openalex.org/W2104827963", "https://openalex.org/W2107554012", "https://openalex.org/W2123813246", "https://openalex.org/W2124404372", "https://openalex.org/W2128339343", "https://openalex.org/W2128366179", "https://openalex.org/W2129289695", "https://openalex.org/W2130623599", "https://openalex.org/W2133990480", "https://openalex.org/W2138825607", "https://openalex.org/W2146153534", "https://openalex.org/W2147762902", "https://openalex.org/W2149404019", "https://openalex.org/W2151103935", "https://openalex.org/W2154917588", "https://openalex.org/W2156755609", "https://openalex.org/W2162979438", "https://openalex.org/W2166572577", "https://openalex.org/W2171911690", "https://openalex.org/W2991126964"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4386041260", "https://openalex.org/W4298269242", "https://openalex.org/W4298401663", "https://openalex.org/W4376877853", "https://openalex.org/W4300787769", "https://openalex.org/W1493891899", "https://openalex.org/W4302475558", "https://openalex.org/W4301355831", "https://openalex.org/W4298345637", "https://openalex.org/W4250928611"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2159}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 9353}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 9709}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 8463}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 8114}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 8089}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 7074}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 5377}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3904}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2712}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1762}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1101}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 746}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 367}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 45}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2036113194", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.13.5188", "title": "Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations", "display_name": "Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations", "publication_year": 1976, "publication_date": "1976-06-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2036113194", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.13.5188", "mag": "2036113194"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.13.5188", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.13.5188", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210208989", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Solid state", "issn_l": "0556-2805", "issn": ["0556-2805"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5082036603", "display_name": "Hendrik J. Monkhorst", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-4096"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I223532165", "display_name": "University of Utah", "ror": "https://ror.org/03r0ha626", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Hendrik J. Monkhorst", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112", "Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042828879", "display_name": "J.D. Pack", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I223532165", "display_name": "University of Utah", "ror": "https://ror.org/03r0ha626", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "James D. Pack", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112", "Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5082036603"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I223532165"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 5.8206, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 68993, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.97153173, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "13", "issue": "12", "first_page": "5188", "last_page": "5192"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11414", "display_name": "Quantum optics and atomic interactions", "score": 0.979200005531311, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11414", "display_name": "Quantum optics and atomic interactions", "score": 0.979200005531311, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11177", "display_name": "Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies", "score": 0.9775000214576721, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10299", "display_name": "Photonic and Optical Devices", "score": 0.9653000235557556, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/brillouin-zone", "display_name": "Brillouin zone", "score": 0.9832435846328735}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.46734291315078735}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/state", "display_name": "State (computer science)", "score": 0.4332348108291626}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis", "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "score": 0.3423267602920532}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics", "display_name": "Computational physics", "score": 0.34102869033813477}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.31173884868621826}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.28743505477905273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.25989294052124023}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.15447896718978882}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C16291881", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917246", "display_name": "Brillouin zone", "level": 2, "score": 0.9832435846328735}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.46734291315078735}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031", "display_name": "State (computer science)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4332348108291626}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754", "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "level": 1, "score": 0.3423267602920532}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C30475298", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554", "display_name": "Computational physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.34102869033813477}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.31173884868621826}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.28743505477905273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.25989294052124023}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.15447896718978882}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.13.5188", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.13.5188", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210208989", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Solid state", "issn_l": "0556-2805", "issn": ["0556-2805"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 4, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W101994233", "https://openalex.org/W1975654903", "https://openalex.org/W2013782770", "https://openalex.org/W2075699404"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2036113194", "https://openalex.org/W4388155470", "https://openalex.org/W2046979465", "https://openalex.org/W2017848950", "https://openalex.org/W2394164816", "https://openalex.org/W2046262822", "https://openalex.org/W4226512198", "https://openalex.org/W2501438015", "https://openalex.org/W3024325765", "https://openalex.org/W2990104889"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"A": [0], "method": [1, 42], "is": [2], "given": [3], "for": [4], "generating": [5], "sets": [6], "of": [7, 19, 23], "special": [8], "points": [9], "in": [10, 46], "the": [11, 24, 32, 54], "Brillouin": [12, 34], "zone": [13, 35], "which": [14], "provides": [15], "an": [16], "efficient": [17], "means": [18], "integrating": [20], "periodic": [21], "functions": [22], "wave": [25], "vector.": [26], "The": [27, 51], "integration": [28], "can": [29], "be": [30], "over": [31, 37], "entire": [33], "or": [36], "specified": [38], "portions": [39], "thereof.": [40], "This": [41], "also": [43], "has": [44], "applications": [45], "spectral": [47], "and": [48, 56], "density-of-state": [49], "calculations.": [50], "relationships": [52], "to": [53], "Chadi-Cohen": [55], "Gilat-Raubenheimer": [57], "methods": [58], "are": [59], "indicated.": [60]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1450}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 5924}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5619}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5101}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5107}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4836}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4562}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4069}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3807}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3381}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3220}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2742}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2717}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2363}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2229}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2131271579", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170", "title": "Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data", "display_name": "Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data", "publication_year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-04-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2131271579", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170", "mag": "2131271579", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24695404"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/30/15/2114/48924714/bioinformatics_30_15_2114.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S52395412", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "issn_l": "1367-4803", "issn": ["1367-4803", "1367-4811"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/30/15/2114/48924714/bioinformatics_30_15_2114.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027039912", "display_name": "Anthony Bolger", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I887968799", "display_name": "RWTH Aachen University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xfq0f34", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I171892758", "display_name": "Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02nv7yv05", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1305996414", "https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210105972", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01fbde567", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210105972"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Anthony M. Bolger", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Department Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M\u00fchlenberg 1, 14476 Golm, 2 Institut f\u00fcr Biologie I, RWTH Aachen, Worringer Weg 3, 52074 Aachen and 3 Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, Leo-Brandt-Stra\u00dfe, 52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Department Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M\u00fchlenberg 1, 14476 Golm, 2 Institut f\u00fcr Biologie I, RWTH Aachen, Worringer Weg 3, 52074 Aachen and 3 Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, Leo-Brandt-Stra\u00dfe, 52425 J\u00fclich, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105972", "https://openalex.org/I171892758", "https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068353394", "display_name": "Marc Lohse", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7498-7279"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I887968799", "display_name": "RWTH Aachen University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xfq0f34", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210105972", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01fbde567", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210105972"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I171892758", "display_name": "Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02nv7yv05", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1305996414", "https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Marc Lohse", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Department Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M\u00fchlenberg 1, 14476 Golm, 2 Institut f\u00fcr Biologie I, RWTH Aachen, Worringer Weg 3, 52074 Aachen and 3 Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, Leo-Brandt-Stra\u00dfe, 52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Department Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M\u00fchlenberg 1, 14476 Golm, 2 Institut f\u00fcr Biologie I, RWTH Aachen, Worringer Weg 3, 52074 Aachen and 3 Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, Leo-Brandt-Stra\u00dfe, 52425 J\u00fclich, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105972", "https://openalex.org/I171892758", "https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011858960", "display_name": "Bj\u00f6rn Usadel", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0921-8041"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I887968799", "display_name": "RWTH Aachen University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xfq0f34", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210105972", "display_name": "Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01fbde567", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149899117", "https://openalex.org/I4210105972"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I171892758", "display_name": "Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02nv7yv05", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1305996414", "https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bjoern Usadel", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Department Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M\u00fchlenberg 1, 14476 Golm, 2 Institut f\u00fcr Biologie I, RWTH Aachen, Worringer Weg 3, 52074 Aachen and 3 Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, Leo-Brandt-Stra\u00dfe, 52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Department Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M\u00fchlenberg 1, 14476 Golm, 2 Institut f\u00fcr Biologie I, RWTH Aachen, Worringer Weg 3, 52074 Aachen and 3 Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, Leo-Brandt-Stra\u00dfe, 52425 J\u00fclich, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105972", "https://openalex.org/I171892758", "https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5027039912"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I171892758", "https://openalex.org/I4210105972", "https://openalex.org/I887968799"], "apc_list": {"value": 3618, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3618}, "apc_paid": {"value": 3618, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3618}, "fwci": 644.7159, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 68070, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99999521, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 94, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "30", "issue": "15", "first_page": "2114", "last_page": "2120"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11791", "display_name": "Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology", "score": 0.9696999788284302, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303", "display_name": "Ecology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11970", "display_name": "Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9562000036239624, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor", "display_name": "Preprocessor", "score": 0.821911633014679}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.778835654258728}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility", "display_name": "Flexibility (engineering)", "score": 0.7083804607391357}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/java", "display_name": "Java", "score": 0.5930689573287964}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining", "display_name": "Data mining", "score": 0.5405773520469666}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-pre-processing", "display_name": "Data pre-processing", "score": 0.5300414562225342}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "score": 0.44586268067359924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system", "display_name": "Operating system", "score": 0.3283514976501465}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language", "display_name": "Programming language", "score": 0.22207921743392944}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.05652138590812683}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C34736171", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333", "display_name": "Preprocessor", "level": 2, "score": 0.821911633014679}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.778835654258728}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780598303", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492", "display_name": "Flexibility (engineering)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7083804607391357}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C548217200", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251", "display_name": "Java", "level": 2, "score": 0.5930689573287964}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.5405773520469666}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C10551718", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332", "display_name": "Data pre-processing", "level": 2, "score": 0.5300414562225342}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778112365", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.44586268067359924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.3283514976501465}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.22207921743392944}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.05652138590812683}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059014", "descriptor_name": "High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059014", "descriptor_name": "High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059014", "descriptor_name": "High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/30/15/2114/48924714/bioinformatics_30_15_2114.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S52395412", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "issn_l": "1367-4803", "issn": ["1367-4803", "1367-4811"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:24695404", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24695404", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3072527", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4103590", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/30/15/2114/48924714/bioinformatics_30_15_2114.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S52395412", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "issn_l": "1367-4803", "issn": ["1367-4803", "1367-4811"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321114", "display_name": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung", "ror": "https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320331007", "display_name": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Verbraucherschutz, Ern\u00e4hrung und Landwirtschaft", "ror": null}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2131271579.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2131271579.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 10, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2036897871", "https://openalex.org/W2093931624", "https://openalex.org/W2094100452", "https://openalex.org/W2103441770", "https://openalex.org/W2103903744", "https://openalex.org/W2139437267", "https://openalex.org/W2157701114", "https://openalex.org/W2158395749", "https://openalex.org/W2160969485", "https://openalex.org/W2170551349"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2989490741", "https://openalex.org/W138569904", "https://openalex.org/W2367545121", "https://openalex.org/W4248881655", "https://openalex.org/W2482165163", "https://openalex.org/W3092506759", "https://openalex.org/W3010890513", "https://openalex.org/W2390914021", "https://openalex.org/W2389417819", "https://openalex.org/W3195278891"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Supplementary": [0], "data": [1], "are": [2], "available": [3], "at": [4], "Bioinformatics": [5], "online.": [6]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2024}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 8671}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 10567}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 8825}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 8953}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 9084}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 6998}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4966}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3394}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2401}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1402}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 609}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 105}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2024556021", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x", "title": "A Revised Medium for Rapid Growth and Bio Assays with Tobacco Tissue Cultures", "display_name": "A Revised Medium for Rapid Growth and Bio Assays with Tobacco Tissue Cultures", "publication_year": 1962, "publication_date": "1962-07-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2024556021", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x", "mag": "2024556021"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S185046733", "display_name": "Physiologia Plantarum", "issn_l": "0031-9317", "issn": ["0031-9317", "1399-3054"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physiologia Plantarum", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5053356367", "display_name": "Toshio Murashige", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I135310074", "display_name": "University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison", "ror": "https://ror.org/01y2jtd41", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Toshio Murashige", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 6, Wisconsin", "Department of Horticulture, Agr. Kxpt. Station, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 6, Wisconsin", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Horticulture, Agr. Kxpt. Station, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5014796220", "display_name": "Folke Skoog", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I135310074", "display_name": "University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison", "ror": "https://ror.org/01y2jtd41", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Folke Skoog", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 6, Wisconsin"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 6, Wisconsin", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5053356367"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"], "apc_list": {"value": 3760, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3760}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 13.0752, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 67204, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99116821, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "15", "issue": "3", "first_page": "473", "last_page": "497"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10825", "display_name": "Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases", "score": 0.9969000220298767, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1307", "display_name": "Cell Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10825", "display_name": "Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases", "score": 0.9969000220298767, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1307", "display_name": "Cell Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10240", "display_name": "Plant tissue culture and regeneration", "score": 0.9684000015258789, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10451", "display_name": "Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions", "score": 0.9645000100135803, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1110", "display_name": "Plant Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science", "display_name": "Library science", "score": 0.5788462162017822}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/botany", "display_name": "Botany", "score": 0.36061614751815796}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.35394227504730225}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.14482930302619934}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655", "display_name": "Library science", "level": 1, "score": 0.5788462162017822}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C59822182", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441", "display_name": "Botany", "level": 1, "score": 0.36061614751815796}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.35394227504730225}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.14482930302619934}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S185046733", "display_name": "Physiologia Plantarum", "issn_l": "0031-9317", "issn": ["0031-9317", "1399-3054"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physiologia Plantarum", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "display_name": "Good health and well-being", "score": 0.8700000047683716}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 16, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1969809410", "https://openalex.org/W1989273657", "https://openalex.org/W1996964415", "https://openalex.org/W2007778094", "https://openalex.org/W2025807006", "https://openalex.org/W2038454257", "https://openalex.org/W2040107245", "https://openalex.org/W2041229548", "https://openalex.org/W2048419279", "https://openalex.org/W2049859698", "https://openalex.org/W2061717299", "https://openalex.org/W2071434895", "https://openalex.org/W3193005246", "https://openalex.org/W4241089503", "https://openalex.org/W4245969594", "https://openalex.org/W4255005554"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2082860237", "https://openalex.org/W2119695867", "https://openalex.org/W2130076355", "https://openalex.org/W1990804418", "https://openalex.org/W1993764875", "https://openalex.org/W2788277189", "https://openalex.org/W2013243191", "https://openalex.org/W2151865869", "https://openalex.org/W2117258802", "https://openalex.org/W3215139134"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 381}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1722}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1812}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2082}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2164}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2385}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2409}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2073}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2011}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1921}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2001}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2177}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2396}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2287}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2486}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1964184380", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/36285", "title": "Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing.", "display_name": "Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing.", "publication_year": 1997, "publication_date": "1997-11-06", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1964184380", "mag": "1964184380", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9363890"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "pmid:9363890", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9363890", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": null}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "M Kuro-o", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210103779", "display_name": "National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry", "ror": "https://ror.org/0254bmq54", "country_code": "JP", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210103779"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I55302922", "display_name": "The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston", "ror": "https://ror.org/016tfm930", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}], "countries": ["JP", "US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "M Kuro-o", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Division of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan. kuroo@ncnaxp.ncnp.go.jp", "Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1060, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Division of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan. kuroo@ncnaxp.ncnp.go.jp", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210103779"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1060, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Y Matsumura", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I55302922", "display_name": "The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston", "ror": "https://ror.org/016tfm930", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Y Matsumura", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "H Aizawa", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "H Aizawa", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "H Kawaguchi", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I919571938", "display_name": "The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston", "ror": "https://ror.org/03gds6c39", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "H Kawaguchi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "T Suga", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "T Suga", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Internal Medicine"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Internal Medicine", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "T Utsugi", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "T Utsugi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Internal Medicine"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Internal Medicine", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Y Ohyama", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Y Ohyama", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "M Kurabayashi", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "M Kurabayashi", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "T Kaname", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "T Kaname", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "E Kume", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "E Kume", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "H Iwasaki", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "H Iwasaki", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "A Iida", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "A Iida", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "T Shiraki-Iida", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "T Shiraki-Iida", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "S Nishikawa", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "S Nishikawa", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "R Nagai", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "R Nagai", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Y I Nabeshima", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Y I Nabeshima", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 16, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210103779", "https://openalex.org/I55302922"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 18.4523, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 66556, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99735729, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "390", "issue": "6655", "first_page": "45", "last_page": "51"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10516", "display_name": "Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments", "score": 0.49219998717308044, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2727", "display_name": "Nephrology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10516", "display_name": "Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments", "score": 0.49219998717308044, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2727", "display_name": "Nephrology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12286", "display_name": "Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology", "score": 0.12309999763965607, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2737", "display_name": "Physiology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11219", "display_name": "Bone Metabolism and Diseases", "score": 0.05649999901652336, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/endoplasmic-reticulum", "display_name": "Endoplasmic reticulum", "score": 0.8429552316665649}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/unfolded-protein-response", "display_name": "Unfolded protein response", "score": 0.738175630569458}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.7233257293701172}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-biology", "display_name": "Cell biology", "score": 0.711384654045105}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphorylation", "display_name": "Phosphorylation", "score": 0.5121417045593262}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cytoplasm", "display_name": "Cytoplasm", "score": 0.4717855155467987}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-kinase-a", "display_name": "Protein kinase A", "score": 0.4468223452568054}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/transmembrane-protein", "display_name": "Transmembrane protein", "score": 0.44086700677871704}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/transcription-factor", "display_name": "Transcription factor", "score": 0.4384872019290924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/er-retention", "display_name": "ER retention", "score": 0.4361984133720398}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-transduction", "display_name": "Signal transduction", "score": 0.4299388527870178}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "score": 0.264148473739624}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/receptor", "display_name": "Receptor", "score": 0.16014352440834045}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.12406390905380249}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C158617107", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79927", "display_name": "Endoplasmic reticulum", "level": 2, "score": 0.8429552316665649}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C139447449", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14633900", "display_name": "Unfolded protein response", "level": 3, "score": 0.738175630569458}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.7233257293701172}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95444343", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141", "display_name": "Cell biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.711384654045105}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11960822", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242736", "display_name": "Phosphorylation", "level": 2, "score": 0.5121417045593262}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C190062978", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79899", "display_name": "Cytoplasm", "level": 2, "score": 0.4717855155467987}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C97029542", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281417", "display_name": "Protein kinase A", "level": 3, "score": 0.4468223452568054}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C24530287", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424204", "display_name": "Transmembrane protein", "level": 3, "score": 0.44086700677871704}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86339819", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384", "display_name": "Transcription factor", "level": 3, "score": 0.4384872019290924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778043179", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5324093", "display_name": "ER retention", "level": 4, "score": 0.4361984133720398}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62478195", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130", "display_name": "Signal transduction", "level": 2, "score": 0.4299388527870178}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.264148473739624}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C170493617", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467", "display_name": "Receptor", "level": 2, "score": 0.16014352440834045}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.12406390905380249}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C143065580", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695", "display_name": "Mutant", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000375", "descriptor_name": "Aging", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000375", "descriptor_name": "Aging", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000375", "descriptor_name": "Aging", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000375", "descriptor_name": "Aging", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000375", "descriptor_name": "Aging", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000375", "descriptor_name": "Aging", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001161", "descriptor_name": "Arteriosclerosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001161", "descriptor_name": "Arteriosclerosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001161", "descriptor_name": "Arteriosclerosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001161", "descriptor_name": "Arteriosclerosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001161", "descriptor_name": "Arteriosclerosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001161", "descriptor_name": "Arteriosclerosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001284", "descriptor_name": "Atrophy", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001284", "descriptor_name": "Atrophy", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001284", "descriptor_name": "Atrophy", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002114", "descriptor_name": "Calcinosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002114", "descriptor_name": "Calcinosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002114", "descriptor_name": "Calcinosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002114", "descriptor_name": "Calcinosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002114", "descriptor_name": "Calcinosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002114", "descriptor_name": "Calcinosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003001", "descriptor_name": "Cloning, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003001", "descriptor_name": "Cloning, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003001", "descriptor_name": "Cloning, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004646", "descriptor_name": "Emphysema", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004646", "descriptor_name": "Emphysema", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004646", "descriptor_name": "Emphysema", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005835", "descriptor_name": "Genitalia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005835", "descriptor_name": "Genitalia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005835", "descriptor_name": "Genitalia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008565", "descriptor_name": "Membrane Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008565", "descriptor_name": "Membrane Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008565", "descriptor_name": "Membrane Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008565", "descriptor_name": "Membrane Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008565", "descriptor_name": "Membrane Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008565", "descriptor_name": "Membrane Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008807", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Inbred BALB C", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008807", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Inbred BALB C", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008807", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Inbred BALB C", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008809", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Inbred C3H", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008809", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Inbred C3H", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008809", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Inbred C3H", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008810", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Inbred C57BL", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008810", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Inbred C57BL", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008810", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Inbred C57BL", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008822", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Transgenic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008822", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Transgenic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008822", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Transgenic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010024", "descriptor_name": "Osteoporosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010024", "descriptor_name": "Osteoporosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010024", "descriptor_name": "Osteoporosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010024", "descriptor_name": "Osteoporosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010024", "descriptor_name": "Osteoporosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010024", "descriptor_name": "Osteoporosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010641", "descriptor_name": "Phenotype", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010641", "descriptor_name": "Phenotype", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010641", "descriptor_name": "Phenotype", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010902", "descriptor_name": "Pituitary Gland", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010902", "descriptor_name": "Pituitary Gland", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010902", "descriptor_name": "Pituitary Gland", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012867", "descriptor_name": "Skin", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012867", "descriptor_name": "Skin", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012867", "descriptor_name": "Skin", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013577", "descriptor_name": "Syndrome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013577", "descriptor_name": "Syndrome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013577", "descriptor_name": "Syndrome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013950", "descriptor_name": "Thymus Gland", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013950", "descriptor_name": "Thymus Gland", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013950", "descriptor_name": "Thymus Gland", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016254", "descriptor_name": "Mutagenesis, Insertional", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016254", "descriptor_name": "Mutagenesis, Insertional", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016254", "descriptor_name": "Mutagenesis, Insertional", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017386", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Homology, Amino Acid", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017386", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Homology, Amino Acid", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017386", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Homology, Amino Acid", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "pmid:9363890", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9363890", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 64, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W315837935", "https://openalex.org/W1494055834", "https://openalex.org/W1528493806", "https://openalex.org/W1624505911", "https://openalex.org/W1875580551", "https://openalex.org/W1964184380", "https://openalex.org/W1967390330", "https://openalex.org/W1973706463", "https://openalex.org/W1981360266", "https://openalex.org/W1987489041", "https://openalex.org/W1987979328", "https://openalex.org/W1988032328", "https://openalex.org/W1990400035", "https://openalex.org/W1990863512", "https://openalex.org/W1992380573", "https://openalex.org/W1994954884", "https://openalex.org/W2000290369", "https://openalex.org/W2003145436", "https://openalex.org/W2008940139", "https://openalex.org/W2010520981", "https://openalex.org/W2010577443", "https://openalex.org/W2012258975", "https://openalex.org/W2017594050", "https://openalex.org/W2018520574", "https://openalex.org/W2020257412", "https://openalex.org/W2020977918", "https://openalex.org/W2022356012", "https://openalex.org/W2030156849", "https://openalex.org/W2037023383", "https://openalex.org/W2040232267", "https://openalex.org/W2040869633", "https://openalex.org/W2041823687", "https://openalex.org/W2052221882", "https://openalex.org/W2052321340", "https://openalex.org/W2058821788", "https://openalex.org/W2065891632", "https://openalex.org/W2068446924", "https://openalex.org/W2081090611", "https://openalex.org/W2083253488", "https://openalex.org/W2084249004", "https://openalex.org/W2094823764", "https://openalex.org/W2099380745", "https://openalex.org/W2102235083", "https://openalex.org/W2106090797", "https://openalex.org/W2106126132", "https://openalex.org/W2106983618", "https://openalex.org/W2107709584", "https://openalex.org/W2113275211", "https://openalex.org/W2114360920", "https://openalex.org/W2119549041", "https://openalex.org/W2137720344", "https://openalex.org/W2137980996", "https://openalex.org/W2139339913", "https://openalex.org/W2141743775", "https://openalex.org/W2146242381", "https://openalex.org/W2147380695", "https://openalex.org/W2152523414", "https://openalex.org/W2153029275", "https://openalex.org/W2159175279", "https://openalex.org/W2159314805", "https://openalex.org/W2163033137", "https://openalex.org/W2167395616", "https://openalex.org/W2169333620", "https://openalex.org/W2888511473"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2092284159", "https://openalex.org/W2070706683", "https://openalex.org/W1531189891", "https://openalex.org/W2034205976", "https://openalex.org/W60232192", "https://openalex.org/W2375093061", "https://openalex.org/W1967419625", "https://openalex.org/W2112286580", "https://openalex.org/W43967522", "https://openalex.org/W3049414456"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"A": [0, 18], "new": [1], "gene,": [2], "termed": [3], "klotho,": [4], "has": [5], "been": [6], "identified": [7], "that": [8, 31, 52, 72], "is": [9], "involved": [10], "in": [11, 20, 24, 28, 75, 79], "the": [12, 25, 57], "suppression": [13], "of": [14, 68], "several": [15], "ageing": [16, 74], "phenotypes.": [17], "defect": [19], "klotho": [21, 61], "gene": [22, 47, 62], "expression": [23], "mouse": [26], "results": [27], "a": [29, 36, 49, 69], "syndrome": [30], "resembles": [32], "human": [33], "ageing,": [34], "including": [35], "short": [37], "lifespan,": [38], "infertility,": [39], "arteriosclerosis,": [40], "skin": [41], "atrophy,": [42], "osteoporosis": [43], "and": [44, 77], "emphysema.": [45], "The": [46, 60], "encodes": [48], "membrane": [50], "protein": [51], "shares": [53], "sequence": [54], "similarity": [55], "with": [56], "beta-glucosidase": [58], "enzymes.": [59], "product": [63], "may": [64], "function": [65], "as": [66], "part": [67], "signalling": [70], "pathway": [71], "regulates": [73], "vivo": [76], "morbidity": [78], "age-related": [80], "diseases.": [81]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2323}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5955}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 7086}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 8569}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4506}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4576}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 6386}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 6227}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 5824}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 4619}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 4162}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1348}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 684}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 592}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2108234281", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352", "title": "The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools", "display_name": "The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools", "publication_year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-06-08", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2108234281", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352", "mag": "2108234281", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19505943"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/25/16/2078/48994296/bioinformatics_25_16_2078.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S52395412", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "issn_l": "1367-4803", "issn": ["1367-4803", "1367-4811"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/25/16/2078/48994296/bioinformatics_25_16_2078.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100338825", "display_name": "Heng Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4874-2874"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "display_name": "Beijing Institute of Genomics", "ror": "https://ror.org/049gn7z52", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "display_name": "Boston College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02n2fzt79", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "display_name": "Wellcome Sanger Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05cy4wa09", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}], "countries": ["CN", "GB", "US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Heng Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5054867399", "display_name": "Robert E. Handsaker", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3128-3547"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "display_name": "Beijing Institute of Genomics", "ror": "https://ror.org/049gn7z52", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "display_name": "Boston College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02n2fzt79", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "display_name": "Wellcome Sanger Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05cy4wa09", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}], "countries": ["CN", "GB", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bob Handsaker", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090190126", "display_name": "Alec Wysoker", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "display_name": "Boston College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02n2fzt79", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "display_name": "Beijing Institute of Genomics", "ror": "https://ror.org/049gn7z52", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "display_name": "Wellcome Sanger Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05cy4wa09", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}], "countries": ["CN", "GB", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alec Wysoker", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5057927341", "display_name": "Tim Fennell", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "display_name": "Beijing Institute of Genomics", "ror": "https://ror.org/049gn7z52", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "display_name": "Wellcome Sanger Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05cy4wa09", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "display_name": "Boston College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02n2fzt79", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}], "countries": ["CN", "GB", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tim Fennell", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088950998", "display_name": "Jue Ruan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3713-3192"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "display_name": "Beijing Institute of Genomics", "ror": "https://ror.org/049gn7z52", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "display_name": "Wellcome Sanger Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05cy4wa09", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "display_name": "Boston College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02n2fzt79", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}], "countries": ["CN", "GB", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jue Ruan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090073148", "display_name": "Nils Homer", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "display_name": "Wellcome Sanger Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05cy4wa09", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "display_name": "Beijing Institute of Genomics", "ror": "https://ror.org/049gn7z52", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "display_name": "Boston College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02n2fzt79", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}], "countries": ["CN", "GB", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nils Homer", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5000369565", "display_name": "G\u00e1bor Marth", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0222-1694"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "display_name": "Wellcome Sanger Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05cy4wa09", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "display_name": "Boston College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02n2fzt79", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "display_name": "Beijing Institute of Genomics", "ror": "https://ror.org/049gn7z52", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]}], "countries": ["CN", "GB", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gabor Marth", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078559681", "display_name": "Gon\u00e7alo R. Abecasis", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1509-1825"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "display_name": "Beijing Institute of Genomics", "ror": "https://ror.org/049gn7z52", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "display_name": "Boston College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02n2fzt79", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "display_name": "Wellcome Sanger Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05cy4wa09", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}], "countries": ["CN", "GB", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Goncalo Abecasis", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5082040351", "display_name": "Richard Durbin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1006"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "display_name": "Wellcome Sanger Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05cy4wa09", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "display_name": "Boston College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02n2fzt79", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "display_name": "Beijing Institute of Genomics", "ror": "https://ror.org/049gn7z52", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}], "countries": ["CN", "GB", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Richard Durbin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK, 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA, 3Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China, 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 5Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, 6Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and 7http://1000genomes.org", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "https://openalex.org/I103531236", "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "1000 Genome Project Data Processing Subgroup", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "1000 Genome Project Data Processing Subgroup", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 3, "institutions_distinct_count": 10, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5100338825"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I103531236", "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "https://openalex.org/I2801577699", "https://openalex.org/I2802476451"], "apc_list": {"value": 3618, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3618}, "apc_paid": {"value": 3618, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3618}, "fwci": 194.0889, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 66338, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99998224, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "25", "issue": "16", "first_page": "2078", "last_page": "2079"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11048", "display_name": "Bacteriophages and microbial interactions", "score": 0.9847000241279602, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303", "display_name": "Ecology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10434", "display_name": "Chromosomal and Genetic Variations", "score": 0.9812999963760376, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1110", "display_name": "Plant Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.6548399925231934}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing", "display_name": "Search engine indexing", "score": 0.6382876634597778}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-alignment", "display_name": "Sequence alignment", "score": 0.578029990196228}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/k-mer", "display_name": "k-mer", "score": 0.5592251420021057}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sequence-alignment", "display_name": "Multiple sequence alignment", "score": 0.5495407581329346}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/file-format", "display_name": "File format", "score": 0.5118226408958435}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sanger-sequencing", "display_name": "Sanger sequencing", "score": 0.49335208535194397}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "score": 0.4724063277244568}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/alignment-free-sequence-analysis", "display_name": "Alignment-free sequence analysis", "score": 0.4216029942035675}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval", "display_name": "Information retrieval", "score": 0.3666032552719116}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.3508337140083313}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genome", "display_name": "Genome", "score": 0.29459574818611145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-sequencing", "display_name": "DNA sequencing", "score": 0.26770496368408203}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/database", "display_name": "Database", "score": 0.2136782705783844}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.1745779812335968}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.12808388471603394}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/peptide-sequence", "display_name": "Peptide sequence", "score": 0.10386660695075989}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dna", "display_name": "DNA", "score": 0.0718909502029419}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.0639946460723877}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6548399925231934}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C75165309", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979", "display_name": "Search engine indexing", "level": 2, "score": 0.6382876634597778}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C45484198", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827246", "display_name": "Sequence alignment", "level": 4, "score": 0.578029990196228}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2279292", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6322851", "display_name": "k-mer", "level": 4, "score": 0.5592251420021057}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C88031987", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377767", "display_name": "Multiple sequence alignment", "level": 5, "score": 0.5495407581329346}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C97250363", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235557", "display_name": "File format", "level": 2, "score": 0.5118226408958435}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C76818968", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181940", "display_name": "Sanger sequencing", "level": 4, "score": 0.49335208535194397}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778112365", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4724063277244568}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180384323", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16335137", "display_name": "Alignment-free sequence analysis", "level": 5, "score": 0.4216029942035675}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826", "display_name": "Information retrieval", "level": 1, "score": 0.3666032552719116}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3508337140083313}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C141231307", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020", "display_name": "Genome", "level": 3, "score": 0.29459574818611145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C51679486", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546", "display_name": "DNA sequencing", "level": 3, "score": 0.26770496368408203}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513", "display_name": "Database", "level": 1, "score": 0.2136782705783844}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.1745779812335968}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.12808388471603394}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C167625842", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899763", "display_name": "Peptide sequence", "level": 3, "score": 0.10386660695075989}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C552990157", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430", "display_name": "DNA", "level": 2, "score": 0.0718909502029419}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.0639946460723877}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001483", "descriptor_name": "Base Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001483", "descriptor_name": "Base Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001483", "descriptor_name": "Base Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001483", "descriptor_name": "Base Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016678", "descriptor_name": "Genome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016678", "descriptor_name": "Genome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016678", "descriptor_name": "Genome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016678", "descriptor_name": "Genome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D023281", "descriptor_name": "Genomics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D023281", "descriptor_name": "Genomics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D023281", "descriptor_name": "Genomics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D023281", "descriptor_name": "Genomics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/25/16/2078/48994296/bioinformatics_25_16_2078.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S52395412", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "issn_l": "1367-4803", "issn": ["1367-4803", "1367-4811"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:19505943", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19505943", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/10246875", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10246875", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401540", "display_name": "Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I136199984", "host_organization_name": "Harvard University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Journal Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2723002", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2723002", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/25/16/2078/48994296/bioinformatics_25_16_2078.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S52395412", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "issn_l": "1367-4803", "issn": ["1367-4803", "1367-4811"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2108234281.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 4, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2103903744", "https://openalex.org/W2112113834", "https://openalex.org/W2124985265", "https://openalex.org/W2128016314"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2051969447", "https://openalex.org/W2133116680", "https://openalex.org/W2141411672", "https://openalex.org/W2111937814", "https://openalex.org/W1482324242", "https://openalex.org/W187239587", "https://openalex.org/W2730968108", "https://openalex.org/W4386770652", "https://openalex.org/W2885386129", "https://openalex.org/W3183986862"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"http://samtools.sourceforge.net.": [0]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1492}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 6133}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 7633}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6675}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 7316}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 8413}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 6661}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4950}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3923}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3289}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2729}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2355}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1952}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1345}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 845}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2117692326", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013", "title": "Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation", "display_name": "Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation", "publication_year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-03-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2117692326", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013", "mag": "2117692326", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21376230"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013", "pdf_url": "http://www.cell.com/article/S0092867411001279/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S110447773", "display_name": "Cell", "issn_l": "0092-8674", "issn": ["0092-8674", "1097-4172"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315673", "host_organization_name": "Cell Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315673", "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Cell Press", "Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Cell", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "http://www.cell.com/article/S0092867411001279/pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007537368", "display_name": "Douglas Hanahan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-5251"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I5124864", "display_name": "\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne", "ror": "https://ror.org/02s376052", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799323385", "https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I180670191", "display_name": "University of California, San Francisco", "ror": "https://ror.org/043mz5j54", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}], "countries": ["CH", "US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Douglas Hanahan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["The Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland. dh@epfl.ch", "The Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA", "The Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "The Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland. dh@epfl.ch", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "The Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "The Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5012557712", "display_name": "Robert A. Weinberg", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0895-3557"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210157710", "display_name": "Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/04vqm6w82", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210157710", "https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210150208", "display_name": "Molecular Oncology (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/04rtkc841", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210150208"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Robert\u00a0A. Weinberg", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Ludwig/MIT Center for Molecular Oncology, and MIT Department of Biology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Ludwig/MIT Center for Molecular Oncology, and MIT Department of Biology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210157710", "https://openalex.org/I4210150208"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5007537368"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191", "https://openalex.org/I5124864"], "apc_list": {"value": 10100, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 10100}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1297.3404, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 65745, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99997987, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "144", "issue": "5", "first_page": "646", "last_page": "674"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10336", "display_name": "Cancer Cells and Metastasis", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2730", "display_name": "Oncology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10336", "display_name": "Cancer Cells and Metastasis", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2730", "display_name": "Oncology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10631", "display_name": "Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism", "score": 0.9933000206947327, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1306", "display_name": "Cancer Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10583", "display_name": "Cancer-related Molecular Pathways", "score": 0.9926999807357788, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2730", "display_name": "Oncology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.9425488710403442}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer", "display_name": "Cancer", "score": 0.6869092583656311}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.4076009690761566}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-research", "display_name": "Cancer research", "score": 0.3388110399246216}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.3202258348464966}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.9425488710403442}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121608353", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078", "display_name": "Cancer", "level": 2, "score": 0.6869092583656311}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4076009690761566}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C502942594", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914", "display_name": "Cancer research", "level": 1, "score": 0.3388110399246216}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3202258348464966}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009361", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasm Invasiveness", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009361", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasm Invasiveness", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009361", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasm Invasiveness", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009361", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasm Invasiveness", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000503", "qualifier_name": "physiopathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000503", "qualifier_name": "physiopathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000503", "qualifier_name": "physiopathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000503", "qualifier_name": "physiopathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015398", "descriptor_name": "Signal Transduction", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015398", "descriptor_name": "Signal Transduction", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015398", "descriptor_name": "Signal Transduction", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015398", "descriptor_name": "Signal Transduction", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017154", "descriptor_name": "Stromal Cells", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017154", "descriptor_name": "Stromal Cells", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017154", "descriptor_name": "Stromal Cells", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017154", "descriptor_name": "Stromal Cells", "qualifier_ui": "Q000473", "qualifier_name": "pathology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D042822", "descriptor_name": "Genomic Instability", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D042822", "descriptor_name": "Genomic Instability", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D042822", "descriptor_name": "Genomic Instability", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D042822", "descriptor_name": "Genomic Instability", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013", "pdf_url": "http://www.cell.com/article/S0092867411001279/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S110447773", "display_name": "Cell", "issn_l": "0092-8674", "issn": ["0092-8674", "1097-4172"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315673", "host_organization_name": "Cell Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315673", "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Cell Press", "Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Cell", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:21376230", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21376230", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Cell", "raw_type": null}, {"is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://www.newlandingpage.org", "pdf_url": "http://www.newpdf.com", "source": null, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:171696", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/171696", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400487", "display_name": "Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:infoscience.tind.io:171696", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/74402", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400487", "display_name": "Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "review"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013", "pdf_url": "http://www.cell.com/article/S0092867411001279/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S110447773", "display_name": "Cell", "issn_l": "0092-8674", "issn": ["0092-8674", "1097-4172"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315673", "host_organization_name": "Cell Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315673", "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Cell Press", "Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Cell", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "display_name": "Good health and well-being", "score": 0.7799999713897705}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2117692326.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2117692326.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 255, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W171782476", "https://openalex.org/W182557598", "https://openalex.org/W198469451", "https://openalex.org/W1480706413", "https://openalex.org/W1492376954", "https://openalex.org/W1495672122", "https://openalex.org/W1497663772", "https://openalex.org/W1498187417", "https://openalex.org/W1517051009", "https://openalex.org/W1520425169", "https://openalex.org/W1533713644", "https://openalex.org/W1538419182", "https://openalex.org/W1564805059", "https://openalex.org/W1573363574", "https://openalex.org/W1574254013", "https://openalex.org/W1594827217", "https://openalex.org/W1837663953", "https://openalex.org/W1959848155", "https://openalex.org/W1963844966", "https://openalex.org/W1964081206", "https://openalex.org/W1964825240", "https://openalex.org/W1965038309", "https://openalex.org/W1966830428", "https://openalex.org/W1967060514", "https://openalex.org/W1967532587", "https://openalex.org/W1967621966", "https://openalex.org/W1968859891", "https://openalex.org/W1968861575", "https://openalex.org/W1972739162", "https://openalex.org/W1975469854", "https://openalex.org/W1977841275", "https://openalex.org/W1979679866", "https://openalex.org/W1979988883", "https://openalex.org/W1983701552", "https://openalex.org/W1983934840", "https://openalex.org/W1984162437", "https://openalex.org/W1984264526", "https://openalex.org/W1984920521", "https://openalex.org/W1985213483", "https://openalex.org/W1985317418", "https://openalex.org/W1985339653", "https://openalex.org/W1985804036", "https://openalex.org/W1986119405", "https://openalex.org/W1987111799", "https://openalex.org/W1990775595", "https://openalex.org/W1991429659", "https://openalex.org/W1992708996", "https://openalex.org/W1993497779", "https://openalex.org/W1995933090", "https://openalex.org/W1996362044", "https://openalex.org/W1996385848", "https://openalex.org/W1996398553", "https://openalex.org/W1997670728", "https://openalex.org/W1999600810", "https://openalex.org/W2001591494", "https://openalex.org/W2002134084", "https://openalex.org/W2002922559", "https://openalex.org/W2004682512", "https://openalex.org/W2005138952", "https://openalex.org/W2005334224", "https://openalex.org/W2005961460", "https://openalex.org/W2009886857", "https://openalex.org/W2012053348", "https://openalex.org/W2012117840", "https://openalex.org/W2012124753", "https://openalex.org/W2012915718", "https://openalex.org/W2013743651", "https://openalex.org/W2014058353", "https://openalex.org/W2014418062", "https://openalex.org/W2014691022", "https://openalex.org/W2015831734", "https://openalex.org/W2016838970", "https://openalex.org/W2017322644", "https://openalex.org/W2018116689", "https://openalex.org/W2022101765", "https://openalex.org/W2023164440", "https://openalex.org/W2023427658", "https://openalex.org/W2028415754", "https://openalex.org/W2028593825", "https://openalex.org/W2029197798", "https://openalex.org/W2029470215", "https://openalex.org/W2032575813", "https://openalex.org/W2032770280", "https://openalex.org/W2034269086", "https://openalex.org/W2035983112", "https://openalex.org/W2037489902", "https://openalex.org/W2040385253", "https://openalex.org/W2041617965", "https://openalex.org/W2041783360", "https://openalex.org/W2042198997", "https://openalex.org/W2042406691", "https://openalex.org/W2042499074", "https://openalex.org/W2042922488", "https://openalex.org/W2043746859", "https://openalex.org/W2044967196", "https://openalex.org/W2046092325", "https://openalex.org/W2047051739", "https://openalex.org/W2049198267", "https://openalex.org/W2049528074", "https://openalex.org/W2049783958", "https://openalex.org/W2051190668", "https://openalex.org/W2053134659", "https://openalex.org/W2053300345", "https://openalex.org/W2055498399", "https://openalex.org/W2055960140", "https://openalex.org/W2056572947", "https://openalex.org/W2057151160", "https://openalex.org/W2058499120", "https://openalex.org/W2058648826", "https://openalex.org/W2061123122", "https://openalex.org/W2062265555", "https://openalex.org/W2062809449", "https://openalex.org/W2063011414", "https://openalex.org/W2063405902", "https://openalex.org/W2063620817", "https://openalex.org/W2064209144", "https://openalex.org/W2064212361", "https://openalex.org/W2064281712", "https://openalex.org/W2066254965", "https://openalex.org/W2068084778", "https://openalex.org/W2068142269", "https://openalex.org/W2068264488", "https://openalex.org/W2068351971", "https://openalex.org/W2069058960", "https://openalex.org/W2070141748", "https://openalex.org/W2070412580", "https://openalex.org/W2071113489", "https://openalex.org/W2071333117", "https://openalex.org/W2072451938", "https://openalex.org/W2075131034", "https://openalex.org/W2075757507", "https://openalex.org/W2076674809", "https://openalex.org/W2076679216", "https://openalex.org/W2076782790", "https://openalex.org/W2077436902", "https://openalex.org/W2077813812", "https://openalex.org/W2078636414", "https://openalex.org/W2078893058", "https://openalex.org/W2080264320", "https://openalex.org/W2082046119", "https://openalex.org/W2082503761", "https://openalex.org/W2086272423", "https://openalex.org/W2086316954", "https://openalex.org/W2086619383", "https://openalex.org/W2087999409", "https://openalex.org/W2089370460", "https://openalex.org/W2089956125", "https://openalex.org/W2090785782", "https://openalex.org/W2090938988", "https://openalex.org/W2090985686", "https://openalex.org/W2091068407", "https://openalex.org/W2092476887", "https://openalex.org/W2094935740", "https://openalex.org/W2097259163", "https://openalex.org/W2097350641", "https://openalex.org/W2097997319", "https://openalex.org/W2098085059", "https://openalex.org/W2099703857", "https://openalex.org/W2099810479", "https://openalex.org/W2101649003", "https://openalex.org/W2102085111", "https://openalex.org/W2102144390", "https://openalex.org/W2104666893", "https://openalex.org/W2104913188", "https://openalex.org/W2105213327", "https://openalex.org/W2106917466", "https://openalex.org/W2107441200", "https://openalex.org/W2107583561", "https://openalex.org/W2109034822", "https://openalex.org/W2111002753", "https://openalex.org/W2112703519", "https://openalex.org/W2114381537", "https://openalex.org/W2114550587", "https://openalex.org/W2115027029", "https://openalex.org/W2115607198", "https://openalex.org/W2115792588", "https://openalex.org/W2117246760", "https://openalex.org/W2118278569", "https://openalex.org/W2119492915", "https://openalex.org/W2120086108", "https://openalex.org/W2120587170", "https://openalex.org/W2120682723", "https://openalex.org/W2121389240", "https://openalex.org/W2121391430", "https://openalex.org/W2123105952", "https://openalex.org/W2123684807", "https://openalex.org/W2124951199", "https://openalex.org/W2125153669", "https://openalex.org/W2125970092", "https://openalex.org/W2126783165", "https://openalex.org/W2126810504", "https://openalex.org/W2127049578", "https://openalex.org/W2127107445", "https://openalex.org/W2129138260", "https://openalex.org/W2130229338", "https://openalex.org/W2131230383", "https://openalex.org/W2133054656", "https://openalex.org/W2134203671", "https://openalex.org/W2136280424", "https://openalex.org/W2136765648", "https://openalex.org/W2137530154", "https://openalex.org/W2138936179", "https://openalex.org/W2140551998", "https://openalex.org/W2140912399", "https://openalex.org/W2141283937", "https://openalex.org/W2141410747", "https://openalex.org/W2141815918", "https://openalex.org/W2144744111", "https://openalex.org/W2145200068", "https://openalex.org/W2145357417", "https://openalex.org/W2145485696", "https://openalex.org/W2146414563", "https://openalex.org/W2146981427", "https://openalex.org/W2147219712", "https://openalex.org/W2147336841", "https://openalex.org/W2149045518", "https://openalex.org/W2149504763", "https://openalex.org/W2150048195", "https://openalex.org/W2150633526", "https://openalex.org/W2150777859", "https://openalex.org/W2151637779", "https://openalex.org/W2152393981", "https://openalex.org/W2152998293", "https://openalex.org/W2155718471", "https://openalex.org/W2156127375", "https://openalex.org/W2157269800", "https://openalex.org/W2159587614", "https://openalex.org/W2166311080", "https://openalex.org/W2166505025", "https://openalex.org/W2166613351", "https://openalex.org/W2166715150", "https://openalex.org/W2166895841", "https://openalex.org/W2168427108", "https://openalex.org/W2168685702", "https://openalex.org/W2169895148", "https://openalex.org/W2170759775", "https://openalex.org/W2171481006", "https://openalex.org/W2171998177", "https://openalex.org/W2172142216", "https://openalex.org/W2314203153", "https://openalex.org/W2314286391", "https://openalex.org/W2315794330", "https://openalex.org/W2324248025", "https://openalex.org/W2467795300", "https://openalex.org/W2468809276", "https://openalex.org/W2804842145", "https://openalex.org/W4230026896", "https://openalex.org/W4237403746", "https://openalex.org/W4243903519", "https://openalex.org/W6606853076", "https://openalex.org/W6646748364", "https://openalex.org/W6676552093", "https://openalex.org/W6676649519", "https://openalex.org/W6684470540", "https://openalex.org/W6685253425"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4391375266", "https://openalex.org/W2082860237", "https://openalex.org/W2119695867", "https://openalex.org/W2130076355", "https://openalex.org/W1990804418", "https://openalex.org/W1993764875", "https://openalex.org/W2046158694", "https://openalex.org/W2788277189", "https://openalex.org/W2013243191", "https://openalex.org/W1971568933"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 16], "hallmarks": [1, 17, 52, 82], "of": [2, 13, 26, 83, 89, 105, 111, 121, 130, 134, 142], "cancer": [3, 99], "comprise": [4], "six": [5], "biological": [6], "capabilities": [7], "acquired": [8], "during": [9], "the": [10, 24, 58, 75, 119, 126, 131, 140], "multistep": [11], "development": [12, 141], "human": [14, 147], "tumors.": [15], "constitute": [18], "an": [19], "organizing": [20], "principle": [21], "for": [22], "rationalizing": [23], "complexities": [25], "neoplastic": [27], "disease.": [28], "They": [29], "include": [30], "sustaining": [31], "proliferative": [32], "signaling,": [33], "evading": [34, 93], "growth": [35], "suppressors,": [36], "resisting": [37], "cell": [38], "death,": [39], "enabling": [40], "replicative": [41], "immortality,": [42], "inducing": [43], "angiogenesis,": [44], "and": [45, 48, 65, 92], "activating": [46], "invasion": [47], "metastasis.": [49], "Underlying": [50], "these": [51, 135], "are": [53], "genome": [54], "instability,": [55], "which": [56, 67], "generates": [57], "genetic": [59], "diversity": [60], "that": [61, 116], "expedites": [62], "their": [63], "acquisition,": [64], "inflammation,": [66], "fosters": [68], "multiple": [69], "hallmark": [70, 122], "functions.": [71], "Conceptual": [72], "progress": [73], "in": [74], "last": [76], "decade": [77], "has": [78], "added": [79], "two": [80], "emerging": [81], "potential": [84], "generality": [85], "to": [86, 98, 118, 145], "this": [87], "list-reprogramming": [88], "energy": [90], "metabolism": [91], "immune": [94], "destruction.": [95], "In": [96], "addition": [97], "cells,": [100], "tumors": [101], "exhibit": [102], "another": [103], "dimension": [104], "complexity:": [106], "they": [107], "contain": [108], "a": [109], "repertoire": [110], "recruited,": [112], "ostensibly": [113], "normal": [114], "cells": [115], "contribute": [117], "acquisition": [120], "traits": [123], "by": [124], "creating": [125], "\"tumor": [127], "microenvironment.\"": [128], "Recognition": [129], "widespread": [132], "applicability": [133], "concepts": [136], "will": [137], "increasingly": [138], "affect": [139], "new": [143], "means": [144], "treat": [146], "cancer.": [148]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 865}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4120}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5079}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5344}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6160}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6882}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 6226}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4962}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4468}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4508}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 4024}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3842}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3481}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2808}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2134}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-08-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2107031757", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4", "title": "Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences", "display_name": "Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences", "publication_year": 1990, "publication_date": "1990-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2107031757", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4", "mag": "2107031757"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S60115552", "display_name": "Computers Environment and Urban Systems", "issn_l": "0198-9715", "issn": ["0198-9715", "1873-7587"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Computers, Environment and Urban Systems", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Cohen, Jacob 1923-1998", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Cohen, Jacob 1923-1998", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of North Carolina"], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": {"value": 3740, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3740}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 545.3042, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 65672, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "14", "issue": "1", "first_page": "71", "last_page": "71"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10050", "display_name": "Multi-Criteria Decision Making", "score": 0.6985999941825867, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10050", "display_name": "Multi-Criteria Decision Making", "score": 0.6985999941825867, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.7305043339729309}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency-table", "display_name": "Contingency table", "score": 0.7172871232032776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-test", "display_name": "Sign test", "score": 0.6099221706390381}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.5419498682022095}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation", "display_name": "Correlation", "score": 0.5382772088050842}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/analysis-of-covariance", "display_name": "Analysis of covariance", "score": 0.5308676362037659}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/analysis-of-variance", "display_name": "Analysis of variance", "score": 0.5117018222808838}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/goodness-of-fit", "display_name": "Goodness of fit", "score": 0.49255117774009705}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-analysis-of-variance", "display_name": "Multivariate analysis of variance", "score": 0.48118239641189575}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis", "display_name": "Regression analysis", "score": 0.4702552556991577}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance", "display_name": "Covariance", "score": 0.4550841450691223}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-coefficient", "display_name": "Correlation coefficient", "score": 0.44726648926734924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chi-square-test", "display_name": "Chi-square test", "score": 0.4358658790588379}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics", "display_name": "Econometrics", "score": 0.4322471022605896}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/test", "display_name": "Test (biology)", "score": 0.42862385511398315}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/set", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "score": 0.42115887999534607}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.18425309658050537}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mann\u2013whitney-u-test", "display_name": "Mann\u2013Whitney U test", "score": 0.1421085000038147}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/wilcoxon-signed-rank-test", "display_name": "Wilcoxon signed-rank test", "score": 0.13882407546043396}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.7305043339729309}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C91998498", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1541178", "display_name": "Contingency table", "level": 2, "score": 0.7172871232032776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C165793278", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301904", "display_name": "Sign test", "level": 4, "score": 0.6099221706390381}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.5419498682022095}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C117220453", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842", "display_name": "Correlation", "level": 2, "score": 0.5382772088050842}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119340705", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628597", "display_name": "Analysis of covariance", "level": 2, "score": 0.5308676362037659}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C99476002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297", "display_name": "Analysis of variance", "level": 2, "score": 0.5117018222808838}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C132480984", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2034239", "display_name": "Goodness of fit", "level": 2, "score": 0.49255117774009705}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192424360", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929408", "display_name": "Multivariate analysis of variance", "level": 2, "score": 0.48118239641189575}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C152877465", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042", "display_name": "Regression analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.4702552556991577}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178650346", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984", "display_name": "Covariance", "level": 2, "score": 0.4550841450691223}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780092901", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612", "display_name": "Correlation coefficient", "level": 2, "score": 0.44726648926734924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C32809988", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071004", "display_name": "Chi-square test", "level": 2, "score": 0.4358658790588379}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039", "display_name": "Econometrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4322471022605896}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777267654", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023", "display_name": "Test (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.42862385511398315}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "level": 2, "score": 0.42115887999534607}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.18425309658050537}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C12868164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424533", "display_name": "Mann\u2013Whitney U test", "level": 2, "score": 0.1421085000038147}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C206041023", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751970", "display_name": "Wilcoxon signed-rank test", "level": 3, "score": 0.13882407546043396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205", "display_name": "Paleontology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S60115552", "display_name": "Computers Environment and Urban Systems", "issn_l": "0198-9715", "issn": ["0198-9715", "1873-7587"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Computers, Environment and Urban Systems", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-001260245", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Sch\u00e4rfenanalyse"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-001505835", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=001505835&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020500975", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=020500975&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027747162", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780121790608", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "software, multimedia"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2557797495", "https://openalex.org/W1514528489", "https://openalex.org/W4252997160", "https://openalex.org/W4252573898", "https://openalex.org/W1514488336", "https://openalex.org/W4385587228", "https://openalex.org/W2005115801", "https://openalex.org/W4240395372", "https://openalex.org/W2032509769", "https://openalex.org/W2009010948"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 96}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 161}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 171}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 238}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4098}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4248}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3651}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3269}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3195}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3482}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 4045}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 4140}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3614}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3305}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2058122340", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896", "title": "Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films", "display_name": "Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films", "publication_year": 2004, "publication_date": "2004-10-21", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2058122340", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896", "mag": "2058122340", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15499015"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1126/science.1102896", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S3880285", "display_name": "Science", "issn_l": "0036-8075", "issn": ["0036-8075", "1095-9203"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315823", "host_organization_name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Association for the Advancement of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["arxiv", "crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0410550", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5072248970", "display_name": "Kostya S. Novoselov", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4972-5371"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210141450", "display_name": "Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials", "ror": "https://ror.org/034fqtg16", "country_code": "RU", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1313323035", "https://openalex.org/I4210097085", "https://openalex.org/I4210141450"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I28407311", "display_name": "University of Manchester", "ror": "https://ror.org/027m9bs27", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}], "countries": ["GB", "RU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "K. S. Novoselov", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210141450"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058357018", "display_name": "A. K. Ge\u01d0m", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2861-8331"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210141450", "display_name": "Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials", "ror": "https://ror.org/034fqtg16", "country_code": "RU", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1313323035", "https://openalex.org/I4210097085", "https://openalex.org/I4210141450"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I28407311", "display_name": "University of Manchester", "ror": "https://ror.org/027m9bs27", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}], "countries": ["GB", "RU"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "A. K. Geim", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210141450"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088527376", "display_name": "\u0421. \u0412. \u041c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-7787"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I28407311", "display_name": "University of Manchester", "ror": "https://ror.org/027m9bs27", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210141450", "display_name": "Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials", "ror": "https://ror.org/034fqtg16", "country_code": "RU", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1313323035", "https://openalex.org/I4210097085", "https://openalex.org/I4210141450"]}], "countries": ["GB", "RU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "S. V. Morozov", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210141450"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024028137", "display_name": "Da Jiang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4341-2289"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210141450", "display_name": "Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials", "ror": "https://ror.org/034fqtg16", "country_code": "RU", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1313323035", "https://openalex.org/I4210097085", "https://openalex.org/I4210141450"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I28407311", "display_name": "University of Manchester", "ror": "https://ror.org/027m9bs27", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}], "countries": ["GB", "RU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "D. Jiang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210141450"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035053309", "display_name": "Y. Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0157-188X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I28407311", "display_name": "University of Manchester", "ror": "https://ror.org/027m9bs27", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210141450", "display_name": "Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials", "ror": "https://ror.org/034fqtg16", "country_code": "RU", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1313323035", "https://openalex.org/I4210097085", "https://openalex.org/I4210141450"]}], "countries": ["GB", "RU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Y. Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210141450"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5072442751", "display_name": "S. V. Dubonos", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I28407311", "display_name": "University of Manchester", "ror": "https://ror.org/027m9bs27", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210141450", "display_name": "Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials", "ror": "https://ror.org/034fqtg16", "country_code": "RU", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1313323035", "https://openalex.org/I4210097085", "https://openalex.org/I4210141450"]}], "countries": ["GB", "RU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "S. V. Dubonos", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210141450"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076577191", "display_name": "I. V. Grigorieva", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5991-7778"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I28407311", "display_name": "University of Manchester", "ror": "https://ror.org/027m9bs27", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210141450", "display_name": "Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials", "ror": "https://ror.org/034fqtg16", "country_code": "RU", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1313323035", "https://openalex.org/I4210097085", "https://openalex.org/I4210141450"]}], "countries": ["GB", "RU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "I. V. Grigorieva", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210141450"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5001198014", "display_name": "\u0410. \u0410. Firsov", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9530-874X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I28407311", "display_name": "University of Manchester", "ror": "https://ror.org/027m9bs27", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210141450", "display_name": "Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials", "ror": "https://ror.org/034fqtg16", "country_code": "RU", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1313323035", "https://openalex.org/I4210097085", "https://openalex.org/I4210141450"]}], "countries": ["GB", "RU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "A. A. Firsov", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210141450"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 8, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5058357018"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311", "https://openalex.org/I4210141450"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 112.8421, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 65543, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99998375, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "306", "issue": "5696", "first_page": "666", "last_page": "669"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10083", "display_name": "Graphene research and applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10083", "display_name": "Graphene research and applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10074", "display_name": "Carbon Nanotubes in Composites", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10956", "display_name": "Fullerene Chemistry and Applications", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1605", "display_name": "Organic Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field", "display_name": "Electric field", "score": 0.6693694591522217}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene", "display_name": "Graphene", "score": 0.6429572105407715}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.6354798078536987}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fullerene", "display_name": "Fullerene", "score": 0.6278103590011597}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/field-effect-transistor", "display_name": "Field-effect transistor", "score": 0.5099684000015259}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fibers", "display_name": "Carbon fibers", "score": 0.48644208908081055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.4850243926048279}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ballistic-conduction", "display_name": "Ballistic conduction", "score": 0.46418896317481995}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/metal", "display_name": "Metal", "score": 0.43245941400527954}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/field", "display_name": "Field (mathematics)", "score": 0.42913752794265747}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thin-film", "display_name": "Thin film", "score": 0.42470741271972656}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "score": 0.4166800379753113}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor", "display_name": "Transistor", "score": 0.4151556193828583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-physics", "display_name": "Chemical physics", "score": 0.3990301787853241}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "score": 0.3975258469581604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.16827073693275452}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.12413293123245239}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material", "display_name": "Composite material", "score": 0.10742905735969543}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electron", "display_name": "Electron", "score": 0.092935711145401}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage", "display_name": "Voltage", "score": 0.06034103035926819}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C60799052", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221", "display_name": "Electric field", "level": 2, "score": 0.6693694591522217}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C30080830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917", "display_name": "Graphene", "level": 2, "score": 0.6429572105407715}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6354798078536987}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162862793", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178026", "display_name": "Fullerene", "level": 2, "score": 0.6278103590011597}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C145598152", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176097", "display_name": "Field-effect transistor", "level": 4, "score": 0.5099684000015259}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C140205800", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860", "display_name": "Carbon fibers", "level": 3, "score": 0.48644208908081055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4850243926048279}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192683347", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4851798", "display_name": "Ballistic conduction", "level": 3, "score": 0.46418896317481995}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C544153396", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426", "display_name": "Metal", "level": 2, "score": 0.43245941400527954}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C9652623", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109", "display_name": "Field (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.42913752794265747}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C19067145", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203", "display_name": "Thin film", "level": 2, "score": 0.42470741271972656}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781", "display_name": "Condensed matter physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4166800379753113}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C172385210", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339", "display_name": "Transistor", "level": 3, "score": 0.4151556193828583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159467904", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702", "display_name": "Chemical physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3990301787853241}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091", "display_name": "Optoelectronics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3975258469581604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.16827073693275452}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.12413293123245239}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790", "display_name": "Composite material", "level": 1, "score": 0.10742905735969543}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147120987", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225", "display_name": "Electron", "level": 2, "score": 0.092935711145401}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C165801399", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428", "display_name": "Voltage", "level": 2, "score": 0.06034103035926819}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104779481", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707", "display_name": "Composite number", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C191897082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467", "display_name": "Metallurgy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C202444582", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863", "display_name": "Pure mathematics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1126/science.1102896", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S3880285", "display_name": "Science", "issn_l": "0036-8075", "issn": ["0036-8075", "1095-9203"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315823", "host_organization_name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Association for the Advancement of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:15499015", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15499015", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Science (New York, N.Y.)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/c2bd08e1-3460-4f2a-b90f-9cd52f1f51a1", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/c2bd08e1-3460-4f2a-b90f-9cd52f1f51a1", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400662", "display_name": "Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I28407311", "host_organization_name": "University of Manchester", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Novoselov, K S, Geim, A K, Morozov, S V, Jiang, D, Zhang, Y, Dubonos, S V, Grigorieva, I V & Firsov, A A 2004, 'Electric field in atomically thin carbon films', Science, vol. 306, no. 5696, pp. 666-669. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:cond-mat/0410550", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0410550", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0410550", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/c2bd08e1-3460-4f2a-b90f-9cd52f1f51a1", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/electric-field-in-atomically-thin-carbon-films(c2bd08e1-3460-4f2a-b90f-9cd52f1f51a1).html", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400662", "display_name": "Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I28407311", "host_organization_name": "University of Manchester", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Novoselov, K S, Geim, A K, Morozov, S V, Jiang, D, Zhang, Y, Dubonos, S V, Grigorieva, I V & Firsov, A A 2004, 'Electric field in atomically thin carbon films', Science, vol. 306, no. 5696, pp. 666-669. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:cond-mat/0410550", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0410550", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0410550", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 16, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W272048707", "https://openalex.org/W1598581722", "https://openalex.org/W1980516378", "https://openalex.org/W1993764632", "https://openalex.org/W1999115975", "https://openalex.org/W2006512131", "https://openalex.org/W2013189775", "https://openalex.org/W2032490333", "https://openalex.org/W2054104435", "https://openalex.org/W2070716620", "https://openalex.org/W2094963548", "https://openalex.org/W2120402623", "https://openalex.org/W2135385562", "https://openalex.org/W2476433526", "https://openalex.org/W3123803405", "https://openalex.org/W4211003187"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2319609032", "https://openalex.org/W1997512083", "https://openalex.org/W2107134318", "https://openalex.org/W2106686636", "https://openalex.org/W130877033", "https://openalex.org/W2072424359", "https://openalex.org/W2061674058", "https://openalex.org/W2750055590", "https://openalex.org/W1990516236", "https://openalex.org/W2029164281"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"We": [0], "describe": [1], "monocrystalline": [2], "graphitic": [3], "films,": [4], "which": [5], "are": [6, 12, 26], "a": [7, 30, 34, 45], "few": [8], "atoms": [9], "thick": [10], "but": [11], "nonetheless": [13], "stable": [14], "under": [15], "ambient": [16], "conditions,": [17], "metallic,": [18], "and": [19, 39, 42, 54, 64], "of": [20, 68], "remarkably": [21], "high": [22], "quality.": [23], "The": [24], "films": [25], "found": [27], "to": [28, 59], "be": [29, 76], "two-dimensional": [31], "semimetal": [32], "with": [33, 65], "tiny": [35], "overlap": [36], "between": [37], "valence": [38], "conductance": [40], "bands,": [41], "they": [43], "exhibit": [44], "strong": [46], "ambipolar": [47], "electric": [48], "field": [49], "effect": [50], "such": [51], "that": [52], "electrons": [53], "holes": [55], "in": [56], "concentrations": [57], "up": [58], "10(13)": [60], "per": [61, 73], "square": [62, 71], "centimeter": [63], "room-temperature": [66], "mobilities": [67], "approximately": [69], "10,000": [70], "centimeters": [72], "volt-second": [74], "can": [75], "induced": [77], "by": [78], "applying": [79], "gate": [80], "voltage.": [81]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 693}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3397}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3810}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4024}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4232}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4542}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4744}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4561}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4453}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4502}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 4310}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 4073}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 4013}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3745}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3394}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4211007335", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(65)90241-x", "title": "Fuzzy sets", "display_name": "Fuzzy sets", "publication_year": 1965, "publication_date": "1965-06-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4211007335", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(65)90241-x"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/s0019-9958(65)90241-x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(65)90241-x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210192454", "display_name": "Information and Control", "issn_l": "0019-9958", "issn": ["0019-9958", "1878-2981"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319955", "host_organization_name": "Academic Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319955", "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Academic Press", "Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Information and Control", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079071970", "display_name": "L. A. Zadeh", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "L.A. Zadeh", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5079071970"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 30.5475, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 65320, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99546386, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "8", "issue": "3", "first_page": "338", "last_page": "353"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10820", "display_name": "Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems", "score": 0.9715999960899353, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10820", "display_name": "Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems", "score": 0.9715999960899353, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11671", "display_name": "Fuzzy and Soft Set Theory", "score": 0.9682000279426575, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10050", "display_name": "Multi-Criteria Decision Making", "score": 0.954800009727478, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.34393349289894104}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.34393349289894104}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/s0019-9958(65)90241-x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(65)90241-x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210192454", "display_name": "Information and Control", "issn_l": "0019-9958", "issn": ["0019-9958", "1878-2981"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319955", "host_organization_name": "Academic Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319955", "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Academic Press", "Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Information and Control", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10", "display_name": "Reduced inequalities", "score": 0.8199999928474426}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 3, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1483568252", "https://openalex.org/W6815558393", "https://openalex.org/W7048190923"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2390279801", "https://openalex.org/W2358668433", "https://openalex.org/W2376932109", "https://openalex.org/W2001405890", "https://openalex.org/W2382290278", "https://openalex.org/W2350741829", "https://openalex.org/W2530322880", "https://openalex.org/W1596801655", "https://openalex.org/W2359140296"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 792}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3588}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3769}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4176}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4025}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4032}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3672}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3393}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3211}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2886}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2585}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2469}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2217}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2179}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2042}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2022-02-13T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4235678817", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104", "title": "Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error", "display_name": "Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error", "publication_year": 1981, "publication_date": "1981-02-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4235678817", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1177/002224378101800104", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S119950638", "display_name": "Journal of Marketing Research", "issn_l": "0022-2437", "issn": ["0022-2437", "1547-7193"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320017", "host_organization_name": "SAGE Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["SAGE Publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Marketing Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5047556013", "display_name": "Claes Fornell", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I27837315", "display_name": "University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor", "ror": "https://ror.org/00jmfr291", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Claes Fornell", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["The University of Michigan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "The University of Michigan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020344688", "display_name": "David F. Larcker", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9585-2227"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David F. Larcker", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Northwestern University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Northwestern University", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5047556013"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 10.8563, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 65179, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.98849105, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "18", "issue": "1", "first_page": "39", "last_page": "50"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10467", "display_name": "Psychometric Methodologies and Testing", "score": 0.9793999791145325, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10467", "display_name": "Psychometric Methodologies and Testing", "score": 0.9793999791145325, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10050", "display_name": "Multi-Criteria Decision Making", "score": 0.9490000009536743, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11871", "display_name": "Advanced Statistical Methods and Models", "score": 0.9412999749183655, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/unobservable", "display_name": "Unobservable", "score": 0.932381808757782}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling", "display_name": "Structural equation modeling", "score": 0.735453724861145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics", "display_name": "Econometrics", "score": 0.621051549911499}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/variance", "display_name": "Variance (accounting)", "score": 0.6122813820838928}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/explanatory-power", "display_name": "Explanatory power", "score": 0.5906387567520142}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-error", "display_name": "Observational error", "score": 0.564924418926239}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.5583928227424622}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/type-i-and-type-ii-errors", "display_name": "Type I and type II errors", "score": 0.5219470858573914}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-size-determination", "display_name": "Sample size determination", "score": 0.5203803777694702}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/errors-in-variables-models", "display_name": "Errors-in-variables models", "score": 0.48919275403022766}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/lisrel", "display_name": "LISREL", "score": 0.4828663170337677}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.4753144383430481}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/assertion", "display_name": "Assertion", "score": 0.4669934809207916}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sample", "display_name": "Sample (material)", "score": 0.46611788868904114}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bivariate-analysis", "display_name": "Bivariate analysis", "score": 0.41874009370803833}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/goodness-of-fit", "display_name": "Goodness of fit", "score": 0.41230782866477966}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.3464586138725281}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780695315", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799040", "display_name": "Unobservable", "level": 2, "score": 0.932381808757782}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71104824", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639", "display_name": "Structural equation modeling", "level": 2, "score": 0.735453724861145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039", "display_name": "Econometrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.621051549911499}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C196083921", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758", "display_name": "Variance (accounting)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6122813820838928}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777402642", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2557224", "display_name": "Explanatory power", "level": 2, "score": 0.5906387567520142}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C19619285", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372", "display_name": "Observational error", "level": 2, "score": 0.564924418926239}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.5583928227424622}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C40696583", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989120", "display_name": "Type I and type II errors", "level": 2, "score": 0.5219470858573914}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C129848803", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360", "display_name": "Sample size determination", "level": 2, "score": 0.5203803777694702}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C179024874", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5395728", "display_name": "Errors-in-variables models", "level": 2, "score": 0.48919275403022766}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119002697", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3376999", "display_name": "LISREL", "level": 3, "score": 0.4828663170337677}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.4753144383430481}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C40422974", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741248", "display_name": "Assertion", "level": 2, "score": 0.4669934809207916}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C198531522", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146", "display_name": "Sample (material)", "level": 2, "score": 0.46611788868904114}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C64341305", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4919225", "display_name": "Bivariate analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.41874009370803833}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C132480984", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2034239", "display_name": "Goodness of fit", "level": 2, "score": 0.41230782866477966}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3464586138725281}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050", "display_name": "Chromatography", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453", "display_name": "Business", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121955636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214", "display_name": "Accounting", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1177/002224378101800104", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S119950638", "display_name": "Journal of Marketing Research", "issn_l": "0022-2437", "issn": ["0022-2437", "1547-7193"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320017", "host_organization_name": "SAGE Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["SAGE Publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Marketing Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 32, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1967304040", "https://openalex.org/W1983353224", "https://openalex.org/W1983799715", "https://openalex.org/W1990967863", "https://openalex.org/W1992231362", "https://openalex.org/W2002240385", "https://openalex.org/W2002429615", "https://openalex.org/W2005423324", "https://openalex.org/W2008159408", "https://openalex.org/W2011058027", "https://openalex.org/W2012691952", "https://openalex.org/W2024509488", "https://openalex.org/W2025341678", "https://openalex.org/W2030741364", "https://openalex.org/W2032678625", "https://openalex.org/W2038859824", "https://openalex.org/W2064660410", "https://openalex.org/W2068700945", "https://openalex.org/W2078361854", "https://openalex.org/W2083918828", "https://openalex.org/W2085512328", "https://openalex.org/W2091130898", "https://openalex.org/W2116958223", "https://openalex.org/W2124634097", "https://openalex.org/W2147844420", "https://openalex.org/W2149608872", "https://openalex.org/W2158971894", "https://openalex.org/W2315698671", "https://openalex.org/W2317858760", "https://openalex.org/W2318314868", "https://openalex.org/W2334078103", "https://openalex.org/W3022438483"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2614563012", "https://openalex.org/W160454418", "https://openalex.org/W4293337373", "https://openalex.org/W2327280527", "https://openalex.org/W2517058040", "https://openalex.org/W1968533609", "https://openalex.org/W1798294140", "https://openalex.org/W2064688728", "https://openalex.org/W1981377446", "https://openalex.org/W3124959382"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "statistical": [1], "tests": [2], "used": [3], "in": [4, 28], "the": [5, 22, 31, 49, 53, 58, 62, 73, 86, 92, 108, 123], "analysis": [6], "of": [7, 21, 75, 119], "structural": [8, 124], "equation": [9], "models": [10], "with": [11], "unobservable": [12], "variables": [13], "and": [14, 38, 52, 61, 68, 111, 128], "measurement": [15, 59, 126], "error": [16, 80], "are": [17, 96], "examined.": [18], "A": [19], "drawback": [20], "commonly": [23], "applied": [24], "chi": [25], "square": [26], "test,": [27], "addition": [29], "to": [30, 35, 70, 98], "known": [32], "problems": [33], "related": [34], "sample": [36, 87], "size": [37, 88], "power,": [39], "is": [40, 89], "that": [41], "it": [42], "may": [43], "indicate": [44], "an": [45], "increasing": [46], "correspondence": [47], "between": [48, 64], "hypothesized": [50], "model": [51], "observed": [54], "data": [55], "as": [56], "both": [57], "properties": [60], "relationship": [63], "constructs": [65], "decline.": [66], "Further,": [67], "contrary": [69], "common": [71], "assertion,": [72], "risk": [74], "making": [76], "a": [77, 100, 113], "Type": [78], "II": [79], "can": [81], "be": [82], "substantial": [83], "even": [84], "when": [85], "large.": [90], "Moreover,": [91], "present": [93], "testing": [94, 114], "methods": [95], "unable": [97], "assess": [99], "model's": [101], "explanatory": [102], "power.": [103], "To": [104], "overcome": [105], "these": [106], "problems,": [107], "authors": [109], "develop": [110], "apply": [112], "system": [115], "based": [116], "on": [117], "measures": [118], "shared": [120], "variance": [121], "within": [122], "model,": [125, 127], "overall": [129], "model.": [130]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2700}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 9284}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 7778}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 7786}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 7709}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6967}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5415}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4357}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2942}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1889}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1461}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1312}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1043}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 874}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 715}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2029667189", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0263-7855(96)00018-5", "title": "VMD: Visual molecular dynamics", "display_name": "VMD: Visual molecular dynamics", "publication_year": 1996, "publication_date": "1996-02-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2029667189", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0263-7855(96)00018-5", "mag": "2029667189", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8744570"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0263-7855(96)00018-5", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0263-7855(96)00018-5", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S162544196", "display_name": "Journal of Molecular Graphics", "issn_l": "0263-7855", "issn": ["0263-7855", "1873-4278"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Molecular Graphics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5006129599", "display_name": "William Humphrey", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4359-4913"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "William Humphrey", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Theoretical Biophysics Group, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Theoretical Biophysics Group, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015421859", "display_name": "Andrew Dalke", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-8830"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I157725225", "display_name": "University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign", "ror": "https://ror.org/047426m28", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Andrew Dalke", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Theoretical Biophysics Group, University of Illinois and Beckman Institute, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Theoretical Biophysics Group, University of Illinois and Beckman Institute, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029996336", "display_name": "Klaus Schulten", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7192-9632"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I157725225", "display_name": "University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign", "ror": "https://ror.org/047426m28", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Klaus Schulten", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Theoretical Biophysics Group, University of Illinois and Beckman Institute, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Theoretical Biophysics Group, University of Illinois and Beckman Institute, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5029996336"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I157725225"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 14.7563, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 64934, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99421684, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "14", "issue": "1", "first_page": "33", "last_page": "38"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10044", "display_name": "Protein Structure and Dynamics", "score": 0.9833999872207642, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10044", "display_name": "Protein Structure and Dynamics", "score": 0.9833999872207642, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10492", "display_name": "Microtubule and mitosis dynamics", "score": 0.9812999963760376, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1307", "display_name": "Cell Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11162", "display_name": "Enzyme Structure and Function", "score": 0.9789999723434448, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.7611454725265503}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics", "display_name": "Computer graphics (images)", "score": 0.6627199649810791}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language", "display_name": "Scripting language", "score": 0.6349161267280579}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization", "display_name": "Visualization", "score": 0.6190118789672852}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering", "display_name": "Rendering (computer graphics)", "score": 0.5528749823570251}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-graphics", "display_name": "Molecular graphics", "score": 0.5144115090370178}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language", "display_name": "Programming language", "score": 0.510076105594635}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/python", "display_name": "Python (programming language)", "score": 0.47309401631355286}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics", "display_name": "Graphics", "score": 0.42825794219970703}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software", "display_name": "Software", "score": 0.42253512144088745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics", "display_name": "Computer graphics", "score": 0.36395150423049927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science", "display_name": "Computational science", "score": 0.3267706036567688}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.208570659160614}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.7611454725265503}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121684516", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677", "display_name": "Computer graphics (images)", "level": 1, "score": 0.6627199649810791}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C61423126", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432", "display_name": "Scripting language", "level": 2, "score": 0.6349161267280579}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36464697", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553", "display_name": "Visualization", "level": 2, "score": 0.6190118789672852}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205711294", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953", "display_name": "Rendering (computer graphics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5528749823570251}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126766683", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6896006", "display_name": "Molecular graphics", "level": 3, "score": 0.5144115090370178}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.510076105594635}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C519991488", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865", "display_name": "Python (programming language)", "level": 2, "score": 0.47309401631355286}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C21442007", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879", "display_name": "Graphics", "level": 2, "score": 0.42825794219970703}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.42253512144088745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77660652", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971", "display_name": "Computer graphics", "level": 2, "score": 0.36395150423049927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C459310", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801", "display_name": "Computational science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3267706036567688}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.208570659160614}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D003196", "descriptor_name": "Computer Graphics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003196", "descriptor_name": "Computer Graphics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003196", "descriptor_name": "Computer Graphics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003198", "descriptor_name": "Computer Simulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003198", "descriptor_name": "Computer Simulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003198", "descriptor_name": "Computer Simulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003201", "descriptor_name": "Computers", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003201", "descriptor_name": "Computers", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003201", "descriptor_name": "Computers", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008958", "descriptor_name": "Models, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008958", "descriptor_name": "Models, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008958", "descriptor_name": "Models, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009696", "descriptor_name": "Nucleic Acids", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009696", "descriptor_name": "Nucleic Acids", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009696", "descriptor_name": "Nucleic Acids", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014584", "descriptor_name": "User-Computer Interface", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014584", "descriptor_name": "User-Computer Interface", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014584", "descriptor_name": "User-Computer Interface", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0263-7855(96)00018-5", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0263-7855(96)00018-5", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S162544196", "display_name": "Journal of Molecular Graphics", "issn_l": "0263-7855", "issn": ["0263-7855", "1873-4278"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Molecular Graphics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:8744570", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8744570", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of molecular graphics", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 17, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1515381348", "https://openalex.org/W1966041739", "https://openalex.org/W1982338804", "https://openalex.org/W2008983937", "https://openalex.org/W2012879549", "https://openalex.org/W2016237935", "https://openalex.org/W2049521571", "https://openalex.org/W2051025571", "https://openalex.org/W2071657576", "https://openalex.org/W2075319474", "https://openalex.org/W2078248419", "https://openalex.org/W2082336658", "https://openalex.org/W2106315897", "https://openalex.org/W2134342348", "https://openalex.org/W2156871002", "https://openalex.org/W2162166182", "https://openalex.org/W6654245867"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3023169329", "https://openalex.org/W4389470870", "https://openalex.org/W2782165897", "https://openalex.org/W4300438041", "https://openalex.org/W2054104202", "https://openalex.org/W2139703748", "https://openalex.org/W2761254753", "https://openalex.org/W1024825291", "https://openalex.org/W2188981919", "https://openalex.org/W3084909426"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1896}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 7794}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 7018}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6128}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5615}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5132}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4299}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3386}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3060}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2735}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2563}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2277}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2013}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1855}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1600}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2106882534", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673", "title": "CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice", "display_name": "CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice", "publication_year": 1994, "publication_date": "1994-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2106882534", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673", "mag": "2106882534", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7984417"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/22.22.4673", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/308517", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5039921905", "display_name": "Julie Thompson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-3478"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138560", "display_name": "European Molecular Biology Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/03mstc592", "country_code": "DE", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138560"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Julie D. Thompson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138560"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090607558", "display_name": "Desmond G. Higgins", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3952-3285"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210153543", "display_name": "European Molecular Biology Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/050589e39", "country_code": "DE", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138560", "https://openalex.org/I4210153543"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Desmond G. Higgins", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["European Molecular Biolgoy LaboratoryPostfach 102209, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69012 Heidelberg, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "European Molecular Biolgoy LaboratoryPostfach 102209, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69012 Heidelberg, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210153543"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5004328524", "display_name": "Toby J. Gibson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-5166"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210153543", "display_name": "European Molecular Biology Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/050589e39", "country_code": "DE", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138560", "https://openalex.org/I4210153543"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Toby J. Gibson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["European Molecular Biolgoy LaboratoryPostfach 102209, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69012 Heidelberg, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "European Molecular Biolgoy LaboratoryPostfach 102209, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69012 Heidelberg, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210153543"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5039921905"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138560"], "apc_list": {"value": 3630, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3630}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 133.7033, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 64667, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.9999858, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "22", "issue": "22", "first_page": "4673", "last_page": "4680"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12254", "display_name": "Machine Learning in Bioinformatics", "score": 0.9988999962806702, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10521", "display_name": "RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms", "score": 0.9958999752998352, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.8525751829147339}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "score": 0.6658541560173035}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/position", "display_name": "Position (finance)", "score": 0.6124318838119507}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting", "display_name": "Weighting", "score": 0.6122018694877625}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sequence-alignment", "display_name": "Multiple sequence alignment", "score": 0.5901205539703369}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity", "display_name": "Sensitivity (control systems)", "score": 0.5045861005783081}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-alignment", "display_name": "Sequence alignment", "score": 0.48709750175476074}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix", "display_name": "Matrix (chemical analysis)", "score": 0.4711683392524719}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.44320806860923767}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.3739122152328491}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/peptide-sequence", "display_name": "Peptide sequence", "score": 0.1926737129688263}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.10918062925338745}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.8525751829147339}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778112365", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6658541560173035}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C198082294", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648", "display_name": "Position (finance)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6124318838119507}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C183115368", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577", "display_name": "Weighting", "level": 2, "score": 0.6122018694877625}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C88031987", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377767", "display_name": "Multiple sequence alignment", "level": 5, "score": 0.5901205539703369}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C21200559", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068", "display_name": "Sensitivity (control systems)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5045861005783081}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C45484198", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827246", "display_name": "Sequence alignment", "level": 4, "score": 0.48709750175476074}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C106487976", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816", "display_name": "Matrix (chemical analysis)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4711683392524719}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.44320806860923767}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3739122152328491}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C167625842", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899763", "display_name": "Peptide sequence", "level": 3, "score": 0.1926737129688263}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.10918062925338745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790", "display_name": "Composite material", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015", "display_name": "Finance", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126838900", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604", "display_name": "Radiology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C24326235", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095", "display_name": "Electronic engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005914", "descriptor_name": "Globins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005914", "descriptor_name": "Globins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005914", "descriptor_name": "Globins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017433", "descriptor_name": "Protein Structure, Secondary", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017433", "descriptor_name": "Protein Structure, Secondary", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017433", "descriptor_name": "Protein Structure, Secondary", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/22.22.4673", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:7984417", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7984417", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic acids research", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:280533", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC308517", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:308517", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/308517", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Res", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:308517", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/308517", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Res", "raw_type": "Text"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 35, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1527979595", "https://openalex.org/W1565582771", "https://openalex.org/W1573785911", "https://openalex.org/W1969153299", "https://openalex.org/W1969451865", "https://openalex.org/W1973303883", "https://openalex.org/W1975001431", "https://openalex.org/W1988556790", "https://openalex.org/W1992344680", "https://openalex.org/W1998139877", "https://openalex.org/W1998300401", "https://openalex.org/W2006273041", "https://openalex.org/W2008120462", "https://openalex.org/W2008708467", "https://openalex.org/W2009310436", "https://openalex.org/W2015292449", "https://openalex.org/W2040703580", "https://openalex.org/W2045391589", "https://openalex.org/W2062355909", "https://openalex.org/W2065461553", "https://openalex.org/W2066562848", "https://openalex.org/W2067917889", "https://openalex.org/W2068083406", "https://openalex.org/W2074231493", "https://openalex.org/W2074774389", "https://openalex.org/W2094031081", "https://openalex.org/W2097706568", "https://openalex.org/W2102122585", "https://openalex.org/W2106258670", "https://openalex.org/W2108215151", "https://openalex.org/W2128442209", "https://openalex.org/W2143210482", "https://openalex.org/W2149208773", "https://openalex.org/W2150002470", "https://openalex.org/W2601913882"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2051969447", "https://openalex.org/W2111937814", "https://openalex.org/W2162923930", "https://openalex.org/W1482324242", "https://openalex.org/W2133116680", "https://openalex.org/W2091678889", "https://openalex.org/W2029514038", "https://openalex.org/W2149492307", "https://openalex.org/W1985408726", "https://openalex.org/W2141411672"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "sensitivity": [1], "of": [2, 18, 61, 111], "the": [3, 16, 42, 59, 62, 108], "commonly": [4], "used": [5], "progressive": [6], "multiple": [7], "sequence": [8, 29], "alignment": [9, 17, 33, 55], "method": [10], "has": [11], "been": [12, 99], "greatly": [13], "improved": [14], "for": [15], "divergent": [19, 44], "protein": [20], "sequences.": [21], "Firstly,": [22], "individual": [23], "weights": [24], "are": [25, 51, 119], "assigned": [26], "to": [27, 36, 58, 64, 106], "each": [28], "in": [30, 34, 76, 82, 93], "a": [31, 122], "partial": [32], "order": [35], "down-weight": [37], "near-duplicate": [38], "sequences": [39, 63], "and": [40, 71], "up-weight": [41], "most": [43], "ones.": [45], "Secondly,": [46], "amino": [47], "acid": [48], "substitution": [49], "matrices": [50], "varied": [52], "at": [53, 114], "different": [54], "stages": [56], "according": [57], "divergence": [60], "be": [65], "aligned.": [66], "Thirdly,": [67], "residue-specific": [68], "gap": [69, 74, 104], "penalties": [70, 75, 105], "locally": [72, 102], "reduced": [73, 103], "hydrophilic": [77], "regions": [78, 85], "encourage": [79, 107], "new": [80, 112, 123], "gaps": [81, 97, 113], "potential": [83], "loop": [84], "rather": [86], "than": [87], "regular": [88], "secondary": [89], "structure.": [90], "Fourthly,": [91], "positions": [92], "early": [94], "alignments": [95], "where": [96], "have": [98], "opened": [100], "receive": [101], "opening": [109], "up": [110], "these": [115], "positions.": [116], "These": [117], "modifications": [118], "incorporated": [120], "into": [121], "program,": [124], "CLUSTAL": [125], "W": [126], "which": [127], "is": [128], "freely": [129], "available.": [130]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 306}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1255}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1532}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1445}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1635}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1825}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1800}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1592}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1568}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1670}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1858}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2023}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2397}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2581}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2827}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2168526937", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5", "title": "A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES", "display_name": "A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES", "publication_year": 1957, "publication_date": "1957-05-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2168526937", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5", "mag": "2168526937", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13428781"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S140251998", "display_name": "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "issn_l": "0021-9258", "issn": ["0021-9258", "1067-8816", "1083-351X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060503589", "display_name": "Jordi Folch", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jordi Folch", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109857065", "display_name": "Marjorie B. Lees", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "M. Lees", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037180728", "display_name": "G H S Stanley", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "G.H. Sloane Stanley", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5060503589"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": {"value": 2500, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 2500}, "apc_paid": {"value": 2500, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 2500}, "fwci": 47.8924, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 64602, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99989163, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "226", "issue": "1", "first_page": "497", "last_page": "509"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10407", "display_name": "Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior", "score": 0.9757999777793884, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10407", "display_name": "Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior", "score": 0.9757999777793884, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11027", "display_name": "Metabolism and Genetic Disorders", "score": 0.9118000268936157, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1308", "display_name": "Clinical Biochemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10725", "display_name": "RNA Interference and Gene Delivery", "score": 0.9009000062942505, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation", "display_name": "Isolation (microbiology)", "score": 0.7818199992179871}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/simple", "display_name": "Simple (philosophy)", "score": 0.6611568927764893}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.455557644367218}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography", "display_name": "Chromatography", "score": 0.4195118546485901}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.4125024378299713}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "score": 0.36000552773475647}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microbiology", "display_name": "Microbiology", "score": 0.1573428213596344}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775941552", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305", "display_name": "Isolation (microbiology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7818199992179871}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780586882", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643", "display_name": "Simple (philosophy)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6611568927764893}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.455557644367218}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050", "display_name": "Chromatography", "level": 1, "score": 0.4195118546485901}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.4125024378299713}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.36000552773475647}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C89423630", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193", "display_name": "Microbiology", "level": 1, "score": 0.1573428213596344}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D008055", "descriptor_name": "Lipids", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008055", "descriptor_name": "Lipids", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008055", "descriptor_name": "Lipids", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S140251998", "display_name": "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "issn_l": "0021-9258", "issn": ["0021-9258", "1067-8816", "1083-351X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:13428781", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13428781", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of biological chemistry", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S140251998", "display_name": "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "issn_l": "0021-9258", "issn": ["0021-9258", "1067-8816", "1083-351X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2", "display_name": "Zero hunger", "score": 0.6499999761581421}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 8, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W14642818", "https://openalex.org/W1501733677", "https://openalex.org/W1520958559", "https://openalex.org/W1534835840", "https://openalex.org/W1582740601", "https://openalex.org/W1979433390", "https://openalex.org/W1990377796", "https://openalex.org/W2034359619"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2082860237", "https://openalex.org/W2119695867", "https://openalex.org/W2130076355", "https://openalex.org/W1990804418", "https://openalex.org/W1993764875", "https://openalex.org/W2788277189", "https://openalex.org/W2013243191", "https://openalex.org/W2151865869", "https://openalex.org/W2117258802", "https://openalex.org/W4234157524"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 389}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1475}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1728}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1603}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1749}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2057}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2022}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1856}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1730}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1738}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1826}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1886}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1965}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1956}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1850}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2167590372", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1107/s0567739476001551", "title": "Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides", "display_name": "Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides", "publication_year": 1976, "publication_date": "1976-09-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2167590372", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1107/s0567739476001551", "mag": "2167590372"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1107/s0567739476001551", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1107/s0567739476001551", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210200759", "display_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section A", "issn_l": "0567-7394", "issn": ["0567-7394", "1600-8596"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320555", "host_organization_name": "International Union of Crystallography", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320555"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["International Union of Crystallography"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section A", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5112607389", "display_name": "R. D. Shannon", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "R. D. Shannon", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5112607389"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 72.3545, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 63972, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "32", "issue": "5", "first_page": "751", "last_page": "767"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12557", "display_name": "Inorganic Chemistry and Materials", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1604", "display_name": "Inorganic Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12557", "display_name": "Inorganic Chemistry and Materials", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1604", "display_name": "Inorganic Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12613", "display_name": "X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography", "score": 0.9969000220298767, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10939", "display_name": "Crystal Structures and Properties", "score": 0.9958999752998352, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2504", "display_name": "Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ionic-radius", "display_name": "Ionic radius", "score": 0.8369654417037964}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallography", "display_name": "Crystallography", "score": 0.6866428256034851}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electronegativity", "display_name": "Electronegativity", "score": 0.6181147694587708}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/covalent-bond", "display_name": "Covalent bond", "score": 0.6044055223464966}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ionic-bonding", "display_name": "Ionic bonding", "score": 0.6017544269561768}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bond-length", "display_name": "Bond length", "score": 0.5712502598762512}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/delocalized-electron", "display_name": "Delocalized electron", "score": 0.5205681920051575}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/metal", "display_name": "Metal", "score": 0.5116334557533264}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/octahedron", "display_name": "Octahedron", "score": 0.5087319016456604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.489434152841568}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/coordination-number", "display_name": "Coordination number", "score": 0.47098609805107117}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electron", "display_name": "Electron", "score": 0.4191923439502716}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ion", "display_name": "Ion", "score": 0.36746513843536377}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.34974873065948486}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/crystal-structure", "display_name": "Crystal structure", "score": 0.16802912950515747}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.16425812244415283}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C54998646", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908801", "display_name": "Ionic radius", "level": 3, "score": 0.8369654417037964}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8010536", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398", "display_name": "Crystallography", "level": 1, "score": 0.6866428256034851}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177293861", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78974", "display_name": "Electronegativity", "level": 2, "score": 0.6181147694587708}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180577832", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127920", "display_name": "Covalent bond", "level": 2, "score": 0.6044055223464966}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2182769", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62500", "display_name": "Ionic bonding", "level": 3, "score": 0.6017544269561768}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C155860418", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863695", "display_name": "Bond length", "level": 3, "score": 0.5712502598762512}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70050531", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899089", "display_name": "Delocalized electron", "level": 2, "score": 0.5205681920051575}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C544153396", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426", "display_name": "Metal", "level": 2, "score": 0.5116334557533264}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C198819137", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188884", "display_name": "Octahedron", "level": 3, "score": 0.5087319016456604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.489434152841568}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33559828", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397226", "display_name": "Coordination number", "level": 3, "score": 0.47098609805107117}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147120987", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225", "display_name": "Electron", "level": 2, "score": 0.4191923439502716}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C145148216", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496", "display_name": "Ion", "level": 2, "score": 0.36746513843536377}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.34974873065948486}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115624301", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895901", "display_name": "Crystal structure", "level": 2, "score": 0.16802912950515747}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.16425812244415283}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1107/s0567739476001551", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1107/s0567739476001551", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210200759", "display_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section A", "issn_l": "0567-7394", "issn": ["0567-7394", "1600-8596"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320555", "host_organization_name": "International Union of Crystallography", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320555"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["International Union of Crystallography"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section A", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 1, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1607286065"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2556532977", "https://openalex.org/W1984317712", "https://openalex.org/W2335304560", "https://openalex.org/W2128977261", "https://openalex.org/W2335018489", "https://openalex.org/W2002350914", "https://openalex.org/W3015805107", "https://openalex.org/W2031697461", "https://openalex.org/W2013141392", "https://openalex.org/W4247969365"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "effective": [1], "ionic": [2], "radii": [3, 39, 43, 49, 56], "of": [4, 37, 63, 112], "Shannon": [5], "&": [6], "Prewitt": [7], "[Acta": [8], "Cryst.": [9], "(1969),": [10], "B25,": [11], "925-945]": [12], "are": [13, 24, 58, 76, 119, 141], "revised": [14], "to": [15], "include": [16], "more": [17], "unusual": [18], "oxidation": [19, 51], "states": [20], "and": [21, 35, 47, 67, 72, 90, 106, 126, 132, 139], "coordinations.": [22], "Revisions": [23], "based": [25], "on": [26, 79], "new": [27], "structural": [28], "data,": [29], "empirical": [30], "bond": [31], "strength-bond": [32], "length": [33], "relationships,": [34], "plots": [36], "(1)": [38], "vs": [40, 44, 50], "volume,": [41], "(2)": [42], "coordination": [45], "number,": [46], "(3)": [48], "state.": [52], "Factors": [53], "which": [54], "affect": [55], "additivity": [57], "polyhedral": [59], "distortion,": [60], "partial": [61], "occupancy": [62, 85], "cation": [64, 84], "sites,": [65], "covalence,": [66], "metallic": [68, 134], "character.": [69], "Mean": [70], "Nb5+-O": [71], "Mo6+-O": [73], "octahedral": [74], "distances": [75, 92], "linearly": [77], "dependent": [78], "distortion.": [80], "A": [81], "decrease": [82], "in": [83, 93], "increases": [86], "mean": [87], "Li+-O,": [88], "Na+-O,": [89], "Ag+-O": [91], "a": [94], "predictable": [95], "manner.": [96], "Covalence": [97], "strongly": [98], "shortens": [99], "Fe2+-X,": [100], "Co2+-X,": [101], "Ni2+-X,": [102], "Mn2+-X,": [103], "Cu+-X,": [104], "Ag+-X,": [105], "M-H-": [107], "bonds": [108, 146], "as": [109], "the": [110], "electronegativity": [111], "X": [113], "or": [114], "M": [115], "decreases.": [116], "Smaller": [117], "effects": [118], "seen": [120], "for": [121], "Zn2+-X,": [122], "Cd2+-X,": [123], "In2+-X,": [124], "pb2+-X,": [125], "TI+-X.": [127], "Bonds": [128], "with": [129, 147], "delocalized": [130], "electrons": [131], "therefore": [133], "character,": [135], "e.g.": [136], "Sm-S,": [137], "V-S,": [138], "Re-O,": [140], "significantly": [142], "shorter": [143], "than": [144], "similar": [145], "localized": [148], "electrons.": [149]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 957}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3663}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3660}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3453}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3473}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3469}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3548}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3252}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3010}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2788}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2780}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2470}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2418}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2220}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2048}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2099540110", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089", "title": "NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis", "display_name": "NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis", "publication_year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-06-28", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2099540110", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089", "mag": "2099540110"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/nmeth.2089", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth.2089.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127827428", "display_name": "Nature Methods", "issn_l": "1548-7091", "issn": ["1548-7091", "1548-7105"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth.2089.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111881458", "display_name": "Caroline A Schneider", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I135310074", "display_name": "University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison", "ror": "https://ror.org/01y2jtd41", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Caroline A Schneider", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Caroline A. Schneider and Kevin W. Eliceiri are at the Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,", "Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Caroline A. Schneider and Kevin W. Eliceiri are at the Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5052725140", "display_name": "Wayne Rasband", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299022934", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wayne S Rasband", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Wayne S. Rasband is at the Section on Instrumentation, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Wayne S. Rasband is at the Section on Instrumentation, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5010413374", "display_name": "Kevin W. Eliceiri", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8678-670X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I135310074", "display_name": "University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison", "ror": "https://ror.org/01y2jtd41", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kevin W Eliceiri", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Caroline A. Schneider and Kevin W. Eliceiri are at the Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Caroline A. Schneider and Kevin W. Eliceiri are at the Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5111881458"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135310074"], "apc_list": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1560.2769, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 63745, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "9", "issue": "7", "first_page": "671", "last_page": "675"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12859", "display_name": "Cell Image Analysis Techniques", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1304", "display_name": "Biophysics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12859", "display_name": "Cell Image Analysis Techniques", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1304", "display_name": "Biophysics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13937", "display_name": "Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research", "score": 0.9846000075340271, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13114", "display_name": "Image Processing Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9714999794960022, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2214", "display_name": "Media Technology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software", "display_name": "Software", "score": 0.621753990650177}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "score": 0.559729814529419}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5305975675582886}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science", "display_name": "Data science", "score": 0.5069634914398193}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing", "display_name": "Image processing", "score": 0.4299114942550659}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image-analysis", "display_name": "Image analysis", "score": 0.4125780165195465}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics", "display_name": "Computer graphics (images)", "score": 0.3277042508125305}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision", "display_name": "Computer vision", "score": 0.31053590774536133}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image-processing", "display_name": "Digital image processing", "score": 0.18196529150009155}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.621753990650177}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115961682", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.559729814529419}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5305975675582886}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463", "display_name": "Data science", "level": 1, "score": 0.5069634914398193}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C9417928", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689", "display_name": "Image processing", "level": 3, "score": 0.4299114942550659}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C28435686", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860755", "display_name": "Image analysis", "level": 5, "score": 0.4125780165195465}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121684516", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677", "display_name": "Computer graphics (images)", "level": 1, "score": 0.3277042508125305}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C31972630", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240", "display_name": "Computer vision", "level": 1, "score": 0.31053590774536133}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317675", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689", "display_name": "Digital image processing", "level": 4, "score": 0.18196529150009155}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/nmeth.2089", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth.2089.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127827428", "display_name": "Nature Methods", "issn_l": "1548-7091", "issn": ["1548-7091", "1548-7105"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4396165", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5554542", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5554542", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/nmeth.2089", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth.2089.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127827428", "display_name": "Nature Methods", "issn_l": "1548-7091", "issn": ["1548-7091", "1548-7105"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2099540110.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2099540110.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 13, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W565449262", "https://openalex.org/W1532532969", "https://openalex.org/W1540070193", "https://openalex.org/W1969293071", "https://openalex.org/W2031502025", "https://openalex.org/W2037586865", "https://openalex.org/W2037947871", "https://openalex.org/W2107554012", "https://openalex.org/W2121469024", "https://openalex.org/W2129047745", "https://openalex.org/W2154592269", "https://openalex.org/W2166771618", "https://openalex.org/W2167279371"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2736583656", "https://openalex.org/W1504972346", "https://openalex.org/W2553152692", "https://openalex.org/W2402416188", "https://openalex.org/W4312189111", "https://openalex.org/W2383936811", "https://openalex.org/W2408155416", "https://openalex.org/W3108778583", "https://openalex.org/W2013131338", "https://openalex.org/W2318667446"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1649}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 6882}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 7375}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6968}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6668}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6690}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 6146}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4970}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4347}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3638}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3060}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2324}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1769}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1076}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 131}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2134812217", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1987.9999", "title": "Single-Step Method of RNA Isolation by Acid Guanidinium Thiocyanate\u2013Phenol\u2013Chloroform Extraction", "display_name": "Single-Step Method of RNA Isolation by Acid Guanidinium Thiocyanate\u2013Phenol\u2013Chloroform Extraction", "publication_year": 1987, "publication_date": "1987-04-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2134812217", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1987.9999", "mag": "2134812217", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2440339"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1006/abio.1987.9999", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1987.9999", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7858788", "display_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "issn_l": "0003-2697", "issn": ["0003-2697", "1096-0309"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5096923855", "display_name": "Piotr Chomczynski", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090567", "display_name": "National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases", "ror": "https://ror.org/00adh9b73", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299022934", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "https://openalex.org/I4210090567"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299022934", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "P CHOMZYNSKI", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolism, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolism, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "https://openalex.org/I4210090567"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5096923855"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "https://openalex.org/I4210090567"], "apc_list": {"value": 3320, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3320}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 199.5001, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 63252, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "162", "issue": "1", "first_page": "156", "last_page": "159"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11970", "display_name": "Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9337999820709229, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11970", "display_name": "Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9337999820709229, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/rna-extraction", "display_name": "RNA extraction", "score": 0.8505454063415527}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chloroform", "display_name": "Chloroform", "score": 0.8226078748703003}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction", "display_name": "Extraction (chemistry)", "score": 0.7135711908340454}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phenol", "display_name": "Phenol", "score": 0.7086870670318604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.6599142551422119}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/rna", "display_name": "RNA", "score": 0.652883768081665}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thiocyanate", "display_name": "Thiocyanate", "score": 0.6181289553642273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography", "display_name": "Chromatography", "score": 0.6144527196884155}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation", "display_name": "Isolation (microbiology)", "score": 0.4713805615901947}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phenol-extraction", "display_name": "Phenol extraction", "score": 0.46227437257766724}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/yield", "display_name": "Yield (engineering)", "score": 0.421420693397522}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "score": 0.3827414810657501}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "score": 0.24929141998291016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.17724883556365967}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "score": 0.06280118227005005}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.05932033061981201}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C112190416", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2124450", "display_name": "RNA extraction", "level": 4, "score": 0.8505454063415527}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781144210", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172275", "display_name": "Chloroform", "level": 2, "score": 0.8226078748703003}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C4725764", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704", "display_name": "Extraction (chemistry)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7135711908340454}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777702071", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130336", "display_name": "Phenol", "level": 2, "score": 0.7086870670318604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.6599142551422119}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C67705224", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053", "display_name": "RNA", "level": 3, "score": 0.652883768081665}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776294642", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77747995", "display_name": "Thiocyanate", "level": 2, "score": 0.6181289553642273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050", "display_name": "Chromatography", "level": 1, "score": 0.6144527196884155}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775941552", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305", "display_name": "Isolation (microbiology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4713805615901947}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C135650642", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181359", "display_name": "Phenol extraction", "level": 4, "score": 0.46227437257766724}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134121241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301", "display_name": "Yield (engineering)", "level": 2, "score": 0.421420693397522}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.3827414810657501}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.24929141998291016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.17724883556365967}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C60644358", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "level": 1, "score": 0.06280118227005005}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.05932033061981201}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C191897082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467", "display_name": "Metallurgy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002460", "descriptor_name": "Cell Line", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002460", "descriptor_name": "Cell Line", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002460", "descriptor_name": "Cell Line", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002725", "descriptor_name": "Chloroform", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002725", "descriptor_name": "Chloroform", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002725", "descriptor_name": "Chloroform", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006146", "descriptor_name": "Guanidines", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006146", "descriptor_name": "Guanidines", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006146", "descriptor_name": "Guanidines", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006863", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006863", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006863", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008321", "descriptor_name": "Mammary Glands, Animal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008321", "descriptor_name": "Mammary Glands, Animal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008321", "descriptor_name": "Mammary Glands, Animal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010636", "descriptor_name": "Phenols", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010636", "descriptor_name": "Phenols", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010636", "descriptor_name": "Phenols", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012313", "descriptor_name": "RNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000302", "qualifier_name": "isolation & purification", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012313", "descriptor_name": "RNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000302", "qualifier_name": "isolation & purification", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012313", "descriptor_name": "RNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000302", "qualifier_name": "isolation & purification", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012996", "descriptor_name": "Solutions", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012996", "descriptor_name": "Solutions", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012996", "descriptor_name": "Solutions", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019791", "descriptor_name": "Guanidine", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019791", "descriptor_name": "Guanidine", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019791", "descriptor_name": "Guanidine", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019800", "descriptor_name": "Phenol", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019800", "descriptor_name": "Phenol", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019800", "descriptor_name": "Phenol", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051381", "descriptor_name": "Rats", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051381", "descriptor_name": "Rats", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051381", "descriptor_name": "Rats", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1006/abio.1987.9999", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1987.9999", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7858788", "display_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "issn_l": "0003-2697", "issn": ["0003-2697", "1096-0309"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:2440339", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2440339", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical biochemistry", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 10, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W188926460", "https://openalex.org/W1906197854", "https://openalex.org/W1935984619", "https://openalex.org/W1967346650", "https://openalex.org/W1969190934", "https://openalex.org/W1974848291", "https://openalex.org/W2057885570", "https://openalex.org/W2060333964", "https://openalex.org/W2071429697", "https://openalex.org/W2154347114"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2093128341", "https://openalex.org/W2062241257", "https://openalex.org/W4297995161", "https://openalex.org/W2372945783", "https://openalex.org/W2362399996", "https://openalex.org/W2321478862", "https://openalex.org/W4213454740", "https://openalex.org/W2364321300", "https://openalex.org/W4309323701", "https://openalex.org/W2063127825"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 98}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 168}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 226}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 214}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 372}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 466}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 435}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 455}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 486}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 560}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 636}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 762}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 773}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 849}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4294215472", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097", "title": "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement", "display_name": "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement", "publication_year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-07-20", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4294215472", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19621072"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S197939330", "display_name": "PLoS Medicine", "issn_l": "1549-1277", "issn": ["1549-1277", "1549-1676"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315706", "host_organization_name": "Public Library of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Public Library of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "PLoS Medicine", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068353058", "display_name": "David Moher", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-4206"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4388482656", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05jtef216", "country_code": null, "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931", "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c62dg59", "country_code": "CA", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I153718931", "display_name": "University of Ottawa", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c4mmv16", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "David Moher", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. dmoher@ohri.ca", "Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. dmoher@ohri.ca", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113499690", "display_name": "Alessandro Liberati", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I122346577", "display_name": "University of Modena and Reggio Emilia", "ror": "https://ror.org/02d4c4y02", "country_code": "IT", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I19630809", "display_name": "Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/05aspc753", "country_code": "IT", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19630809", "https://openalex.org/I4210110338", "https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}], "countries": ["IT"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alessandro Liberati", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy", "Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19630809"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076572041", "display_name": "Jennifer Tetzlaff", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0787-5363"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4388482656", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05jtef216", "country_code": null, "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931", "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c62dg59", "country_code": "CA", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jennifer Tetzlaff", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042962646", "display_name": "Douglas G. Altman", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-4083"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I40120149", "display_name": "University of Oxford", "ror": "https://ror.org/052gg0110", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Douglas G. Altman", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "The PRISMA Group", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "The PRISMA Group", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 3, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5068353058"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931", "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"], "apc_list": {"value": 5300, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 5300}, "apc_paid": {"value": 5300, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 5300}, "fwci": 227.9854, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 63121, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99970649, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "6", "issue": "7", "first_page": "e1000097", "last_page": "e1000097"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.9987000226974487, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.9987000226974487, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12664", "display_name": "Clinical practice guidelines implementation", "score": 0.984000027179718, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2739", "display_name": "Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11744", "display_name": "Health Sciences Research and Education", "score": 0.9836000204086304, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3600", "display_name": "General Health Professions"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/36", "display_name": "Health Professions"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review", "display_name": "Systematic review", "score": 0.6769741177558899}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis", "display_name": "Meta-analysis", "score": 0.5644537210464478}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medline", "display_name": "MEDLINE", "score": 0.5120466351509094}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statement", "display_name": "Statement (logic)", "score": 0.48639872670173645}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.4822160005569458}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.32833361625671387}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/family-medicine", "display_name": "Family medicine", "score": 0.32336926460266113}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.14537698030471802}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology", "display_name": "Pathology", "score": 0.12691345810890198}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C189708586", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425", "display_name": "Systematic review", "level": 3, "score": 0.6769741177558899}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95190672", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382", "display_name": "Meta-analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.5644537210464478}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899", "display_name": "MEDLINE", "level": 2, "score": 0.5120466351509094}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777026412", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591", "display_name": "Statement (logic)", "level": 2, "score": 0.48639872670173645}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.4822160005569458}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.32833361625671387}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C512399662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712", "display_name": "Family medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.32336926460266113}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.14537698030471802}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.12691345810890198}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010506", "descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010506", "descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010506", "descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010506", "descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010506", "descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011643", "descriptor_name": "Publishing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011643", "descriptor_name": "Publishing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011643", "descriptor_name": "Publishing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011643", "descriptor_name": "Publishing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011643", "descriptor_name": "Publishing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017594", "descriptor_name": "Publication Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017594", "descriptor_name": "Publication Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017594", "descriptor_name": "Publication Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017594", "descriptor_name": "Publication Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017594", "descriptor_name": "Publication Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055317", "descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055317", "descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055317", "descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055317", "descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055317", "descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 10, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S197939330", "display_name": "PLoS Medicine", "issn_l": "1549-1277", "issn": ["1549-1277", "1549-1676"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315706", "host_organization_name": "Public Library of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Public Library of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "PLoS Medicine", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:19621072", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19621072", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "PLoS medicine", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/81019", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81019", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402641", "display_name": "LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4383465926", "host_organization_name": "LA Referencia", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "acceptedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "reponame:Repositorio UN", "raw_type": "Trabajo de grado - Especialidad M\u00e9dica"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pmed00:1000097", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I77793887", "host_organization_name": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I77793887"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/1043588", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1043588", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400516", "display_name": "Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I189158943", "host_organization_name": "University of Milan", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I189158943"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:335182623f2e4facbc3552f35ab7aec7", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/335182623f2e4facbc3552f35ab7aec7", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S112646816", "display_name": "SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda", "issn_l": "0300-5267", "issn": ["0300-5267", "2340-4078"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "PLoS Medicine, Vol 6, Iss 7, p e1000097 (2009)", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/146965", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Preferred_Reporting_Items_for_Systematic_Reviews_and_Meta_Analyses_The_PRISMA_Statement/146965", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196282", "display_name": "Figshare", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4210132348", "host_organization_name": "Figshare (United Kingdom)", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Dataset"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1368022", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1368022", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400718", "display_name": "IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I122346577", "host_organization_name": "University of Modena and Reggio Emilia", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I122346577"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2707599", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2707599", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "PLoS Med", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/414e76f5-cb84-4f06-ab3b-60f5ee01bac0", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/414e76f5-cb84-4f06-ab3b-60f5ee01bac0", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402634", "display_name": "University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I79619799", "host_organization_name": "University of Birmingham", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I79619799"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Moher, D, Liberati, A, Tetzlaff, J, Altman, D G & PRISMA Group 2009, 'Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses : the PRISMA statement', PLoS Medicine, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097", "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S197939330", "display_name": "PLoS Medicine", "issn_l": "1549-1277", "issn": ["1549-1277", "1549-1676"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315706", "host_organization_name": "Public Library of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Public Library of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "PLoS Medicine", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G3030655770", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Research Chair", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334506", "funder_display_name": "Canadian Institutes of Health Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4389354971", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Research", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334506", "funder_display_name": "Canadian Institutes of Health Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6282788884", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Canadian Institutes of Health", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334506", "funder_display_name": "Canadian Institutes of Health Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6509580433", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Switzerland", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320310992", "funder_display_name": "University of Bern"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8189406124", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Knowledge", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334506", "funder_display_name": "Canadian Institutes of Health Research"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320307773", "display_name": "GlaxoSmithKline", "ror": "https://ror.org/01xsqw823"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320309610", "display_name": "Health Services Research and Development", "ror": "https://ror.org/05rsv9s98"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320310145", "display_name": "Johns Hopkins University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320310630", "display_name": "University of Ottawa", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c4mmv16"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320310992", "display_name": "University of Bern", "ror": "https://ror.org/02k7v4d05"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320311323", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c62dg59"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320311526", "display_name": "McMaster University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02fa3aq29"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320319985", "display_name": "Cancer Research UK", "ror": "https://ror.org/054225q67"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320331527", "display_name": "University of Ioannina", "ror": "https://ror.org/01qg3j183"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332669", "display_name": "Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334506", "display_name": "Canadian Institutes of Health Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/01gavpb45"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334626", "display_name": "Medical Research Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/03x94j517"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335608", "display_name": "Care and Public Health Research Institute, Universiteit Maastricht", "ror": null}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 41, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W160580327", "https://openalex.org/W1490605517", "https://openalex.org/W1560778466", "https://openalex.org/W1690786713", "https://openalex.org/W1774591799", "https://openalex.org/W1853602163", "https://openalex.org/W1971186240", "https://openalex.org/W1980300818", "https://openalex.org/W1983540313", "https://openalex.org/W2000442546", "https://openalex.org/W2015421910", "https://openalex.org/W2029163232", "https://openalex.org/W2043759984", "https://openalex.org/W2058084426", "https://openalex.org/W2065267852", "https://openalex.org/W2066896354", "https://openalex.org/W2067550511", "https://openalex.org/W2068694980", "https://openalex.org/W2068769841", "https://openalex.org/W2093211493", "https://openalex.org/W2093579014", "https://openalex.org/W2098631889", "https://openalex.org/W2100729569", "https://openalex.org/W2102487800", "https://openalex.org/W2112505828", "https://openalex.org/W2129303461", "https://openalex.org/W2129829737", "https://openalex.org/W2132161915", "https://openalex.org/W2133774931", "https://openalex.org/W2140521029", "https://openalex.org/W2144086043", "https://openalex.org/W2147581820", "https://openalex.org/W2158379591", "https://openalex.org/W2159096825", "https://openalex.org/W2163839878", "https://openalex.org/W2165010366", "https://openalex.org/W2556045453", "https://openalex.org/W2811157820", "https://openalex.org/W3022903699", "https://openalex.org/W4254160334", "https://openalex.org/W6606468035"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2475705533", "https://openalex.org/W2997993211", "https://openalex.org/W186129870", "https://openalex.org/W3200522959", "https://openalex.org/W4389944781", "https://openalex.org/W120415280", "https://openalex.org/W167088980", "https://openalex.org/W4383099232", "https://openalex.org/W4294636802", "https://openalex.org/W2115099528"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"se": [0, 29], "ha": [1], "posicionado": [2], "como": [3], "un": [4], "centro": [5], "de": [6, 14, 19, 35, 53, 65, 74, 77], "referencia": [7], "asistencial": [8], "y": [9, 28, 50], "acad\u00e9mica,": [10], "con": [11], "la": [12, 43, 56, 69], "proyecci\u00f3n": [13], "conformar": [15], "cl\u00ednicas": [16], "o": [17, 38], "centros": [18], "excelencia.Para": [20], "lograr": [21], "este": [22], "objetivo,": [23], "es": [24, 62], "indispensable": [25], "que": [26, 46], "realice": [27], "ci\u00f1a": [30], "a": [31], "sus": [32], "propias": [33], "gu\u00edas": [34], "pr\u00e1ctica": [36], "cl\u00ednica": [37], "est\u00e1ndares": [39], "cl\u00ednicos": [40], "basados": [41], "en": [42, 68], "evidencia": [44, 58], "(ECBE),": [45], "permita": [47], "una": [48, 63], "adecuada": [49], "estandarizada": [51], "atenci\u00f3n": [52], "pacientes": [54], "aplicando": [55], "mejor": [57], "m\u00e9dica": [59], "disponible.La": [60], "obesidad": [61], "patolog\u00eda": [64], "alta": [66], "prevalencia": [67], "poblaci\u00f3n": [70], "general,": [71], "siendo": [72], "uno": [73], "los": [75], "motivos": [76], "consulta": [78], "m\u00e1s": [79]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1116}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4795}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5323}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5750}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 8321}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 11450}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 8295}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 5378}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4012}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2692}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1904}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1398}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1094}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 784}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 419}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1791587663", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/249008", "title": "Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology", "display_name": "Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology", "publication_year": 1989, "publication_date": "1989-09-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1791587663", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/249008", "mag": "1791587663"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.2307/249008", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/249008", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57293258", "display_name": "MIS Quarterly", "issn_l": "0276-7783", "issn": ["0276-7783", "2162-9730"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4327875293", "host_organization_name": "MIS Quarterly", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4327875293"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["MIS Quarterly"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "MIS Quarterly", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103061328", "display_name": "Fred D. Davis", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7774-2016"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I27837315", "display_name": "University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor", "ror": "https://ror.org/00jmfr291", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Fred D. Davis", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computer and Information Systems, Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109", "Computer and Information Systems, Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer and Information Systems, Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer and Information Systems, Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5103061328"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 53.0072, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 62411, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99855804, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "13", "issue": "3", "first_page": "319", "last_page": "340"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10068", "display_name": "Technology Adoption and User Behaviour", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1802", "display_name": "Information Systems and Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10068", "display_name": "Technology Adoption and User Behaviour", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1802", "display_name": "Information Systems and Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12028", "display_name": "Knowledge Management and Sharing", "score": 0.9921000003814697, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3315", "display_name": "Communication"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10609", "display_name": "Digital Marketing and Social Media", "score": 0.9858999848365784, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-acceptance-model", "display_name": "Technology acceptance model", "score": 0.774070143699646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/usability", "display_name": "Usability", "score": 0.6903417706489563}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology", "display_name": "Information technology", "score": 0.5204520225524902}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system", "display_name": "Information system", "score": 0.4763255715370178}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management", "display_name": "Knowledge management", "score": 0.46507760882377625}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/business", "display_name": "Business", "score": 0.4482908844947815}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing", "display_name": "Marketing", "score": 0.3457478880882263}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.3446590304374695}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.33594757318496704}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction", "display_name": "Human\u2013computer interaction", "score": 0.26274576783180237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.24387294054031372}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776185967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112945", "display_name": "Technology acceptance model", "level": 3, "score": 0.774070143699646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C170130773", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378", "display_name": "Usability", "level": 2, "score": 0.6903417706489563}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121017731", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661", "display_name": "Information technology", "level": 2, "score": 0.5204520225524902}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180198813", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182", "display_name": "Information system", "level": 2, "score": 0.4763255715370178}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C56739046", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060", "display_name": "Knowledge management", "level": 1, "score": 0.46507760882377625}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453", "display_name": "Business", "level": 0, "score": 0.4482908844947815}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809", "display_name": "Marketing", "level": 1, "score": 0.3457478880882263}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.3446590304374695}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.33594757318496704}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107457646", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434", "display_name": "Human\u2013computer interaction", "level": 1, "score": 0.26274576783180237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.24387294054031372}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119599485", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035", "display_name": "Electrical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.2307/249008", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/249008", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57293258", "display_name": "MIS Quarterly", "issn_l": "0276-7783", "issn": ["0276-7783", "2162-9730"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4327875293", "host_organization_name": "MIS Quarterly", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4327875293"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["MIS Quarterly"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "MIS Quarterly", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aisel.aisnet.org:misq-2111", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2111&context=misq", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S30879505", "display_name": "Journal of the Association for Information Systems", "issn_l": "1536-9323", "issn": ["1536-9323"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310321080", "host_organization_name": "Association for Information Systems", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310321080"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association for Information Systems"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Management Information Systems Quarterly", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10", "display_name": "Reduced inequalities", "score": 0.6299999952316284}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 90, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W14811016", "https://openalex.org/W32778052", "https://openalex.org/W89327545", "https://openalex.org/W157213131", "https://openalex.org/W1484020476", "https://openalex.org/W1494692966", "https://openalex.org/W1506758482", "https://openalex.org/W1520103841", "https://openalex.org/W1557992034", "https://openalex.org/W1568763412", "https://openalex.org/W1589374311", "https://openalex.org/W1778357938", "https://openalex.org/W1969889344", "https://openalex.org/W1972888601", "https://openalex.org/W1978794113", "https://openalex.org/W1979230803", "https://openalex.org/W1980336349", "https://openalex.org/W1982210139", "https://openalex.org/W1983629797", "https://openalex.org/W1984031609", "https://openalex.org/W1988410705", "https://openalex.org/W1990810281", "https://openalex.org/W1991691398", "https://openalex.org/W1992950539", "https://openalex.org/W1993652438", "https://openalex.org/W2002736445", "https://openalex.org/W2006877955", "https://openalex.org/W2007275742", "https://openalex.org/W2008059748", "https://openalex.org/W2008710914", "https://openalex.org/W2011976980", "https://openalex.org/W2014646675", "https://openalex.org/W2018275043", "https://openalex.org/W2020243100", "https://openalex.org/W2020379924", "https://openalex.org/W2021794857", "https://openalex.org/W2024509488", "https://openalex.org/W2026087162", "https://openalex.org/W2033020274", "https://openalex.org/W2033943395", "https://openalex.org/W2036389121", "https://openalex.org/W2037021532", "https://openalex.org/W2037057633", "https://openalex.org/W2038375661", "https://openalex.org/W2045396061", "https://openalex.org/W2046055978", "https://openalex.org/W2047212654", "https://openalex.org/W2047268046", "https://openalex.org/W2053665053", "https://openalex.org/W2053755640", "https://openalex.org/W2064341285", "https://openalex.org/W2067408842", "https://openalex.org/W2068509181", "https://openalex.org/W2068901215", "https://openalex.org/W2071466878", "https://openalex.org/W2072889183", "https://openalex.org/W2076204247", "https://openalex.org/W2081680314", "https://openalex.org/W2085500782", "https://openalex.org/W2088716340", "https://openalex.org/W2088983290", "https://openalex.org/W2089258835", "https://openalex.org/W2090791923", "https://openalex.org/W2092488901", "https://openalex.org/W2111230857", "https://openalex.org/W2115498674", "https://openalex.org/W2118682757", "https://openalex.org/W2131664240", "https://openalex.org/W2141895848", "https://openalex.org/W2142192310", "https://openalex.org/W2142295476", "https://openalex.org/W2146852622", "https://openalex.org/W2151844074", "https://openalex.org/W2154163681", "https://openalex.org/W2168191910", "https://openalex.org/W2169082151", "https://openalex.org/W2169294099", "https://openalex.org/W2263570753", "https://openalex.org/W2489202599", "https://openalex.org/W2797816625", "https://openalex.org/W2921065172", "https://openalex.org/W3124865537", "https://openalex.org/W3194470864", "https://openalex.org/W4212847552", "https://openalex.org/W4233433191", "https://openalex.org/W4247541400", "https://openalex.org/W4247553730", "https://openalex.org/W4248223323", "https://openalex.org/W4256052170", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4389670110", "https://openalex.org/W3128655208", "https://openalex.org/W2300768783", "https://openalex.org/W4312894401", "https://openalex.org/W3164924476", "https://openalex.org/W2353282029", "https://openalex.org/W113404779", "https://openalex.org/W2184817066", "https://openalex.org/W2086472688", "https://openalex.org/W2958142594"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Valid": [0], "measurement": [1], "scales": [2, 36, 106, 120], "for": [3, 37, 59, 72, 78, 111, 115, 215], "predicting": [4], "user": [5, 56, 219], "acceptance": [6], "of": [7, 46, 55, 89, 109, 117, 150, 183, 191, 209], "computers": [8], "are": [9, 19, 49, 213], "in": [10, 17, 83, 103], "short": [11], "supply.": [12], "Most": [13], "subjective": [14], "measures": [15, 97], "used": [16, 64], "practice": [18], "unvalidated,": [20], "and": [21, 33, 43, 75, 80, 92, 100, 113, 125, 141, 162], "their": [22], "relationship": [23], "to": [24, 51, 65, 199, 204], "system": [25, 210], "usage": [26, 137, 144, 158, 164, 178], "is": [27], "unknown.": [28], "The": [29, 96, 119], "present": [30], "research": [31, 217], "develops": [32], "validates": [34], "new": [35], "two": [38, 61, 84, 104], "specific": [39], "variables,": [40], "perceived": [41, 44, 189, 200], "usefulness": [42, 112, 129, 171], "ease": [45, 116, 149, 182, 190], "use,": [47], "which": [48], "hypothesized": [50], "be": [52, 195], "fundamental": [53], "determinants": [54], "acceptance.": [57, 220], "Definitions": [58], "these": [60], "variables": [62], "were": [63, 70, 98], "develop": [66], "scale": [67], "items": [68], "that": [69, 188], "pretested": [71], "content": [73], "validity": [74, 82], "then": [76], "tested": [77], "reliability": [79], "construct": [81], "studies": [85], "involving": [86], "a": [87, 173, 196, 205], "total": [88], "152": [90], "users": [91], "four": [93], "application": [94], "programs.": [95], "refined": [99], "streamlined,": [101], "resulting": [102], "six-item": [105], "with": [107, 133, 156, 177], "reliabilities": [108], ".98": [110], ".94": [114], "use.": [118, 184], "exhibited": [121], "high": [122], "convergent,": [123], "discriminant,": [124], "factorial": [126], "validity.": [127], "Perceived": [128, 148], "was": [130, 152], "significantly": [131, 154, 174], "correlated": [132, 155], "both": [134, 169], "self-reported": [135], "current": [136, 157], "(r=.63,": [138], "Study": [139, 146, 160, 166], "1)": [140, 161], "self-predicted": [142], "future": [143, 163, 216], "(r=.85,": [145], "2).": [147, 167], "use": [151, 192], "also": [153], "(r=.45,": [159], "(r=.59,": [165], "In": [168], "studies,": [170], "had": [172], "greater": [175], "correlation": [176], "behavior": [179], "than": [180], "did": [181], "Regression": [185], "analyses": [186], "suggest": [187], "may": [193], "actually": [194], "causal": [197], "antecedent": [198], "usefulness,": [201], "as": [202], "opposed": [203], "parallel,": [206], "direct": [207], "determinant": [208], "usage.": [211], "Implications": [212], "drawn": [214], "on": [218]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1809}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 6800}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5600}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5345}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4700}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4453}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3552}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3045}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2604}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2236}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2340}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2546}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2555}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2361}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2194}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2230728100", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.140.a1133", "title": "Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects", "display_name": "Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects", "publication_year": 1965, "publication_date": "1965-11-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2230728100", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.140.a1133", "mag": "2230728100"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrev.140.a1133", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.140.a1133", "pdf_url": "http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRev.140.A1133", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S54862371", "display_name": "Physical Review", "issn_l": "0031-899X", "issn": ["0031-899X", "1536-6065"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRev.140.A1133", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015070406", "display_name": "W. Kohn", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I36258959", "display_name": "University of California, San Diego", "ror": "https://ror.org/0168r3w48", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "W. Kohn", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5083898018", "display_name": "L. J. Sham", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5718-2077"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I36258959", "display_name": "University of California, San Diego", "ror": "https://ror.org/0168r3w48", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "L. J. Sham", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5015070406"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I36258959"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 12.3713, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 62382, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99486842, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "140", "issue": "4A", "first_page": "A1133", "last_page": "A1138"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10382", "display_name": "Quantum and electron transport phenomena", "score": 0.9991000294685364, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10913", "display_name": "Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures", "score": 0.9984999895095825, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.6478919982910156}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hartree\u2013fock-method", "display_name": "Hartree\u2013Fock method", "score": 0.5939865112304688}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electron", "display_name": "Electron", "score": 0.5808104276657104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fermi-gas", "display_name": "Fermi gas", "score": 0.5562978982925415}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hartree", "display_name": "Hartree", "score": 0.5167864561080933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-correlation", "display_name": "Electronic correlation", "score": 0.5076378583908081}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-state", "display_name": "Ground state", "score": 0.49910879135131836}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-electrodynamics", "display_name": "Quantum electrodynamics", "score": 0.42498451471328735}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.41066858172416687}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.6478919982910156}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C113630233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7879841", "display_name": "Hartree\u2013Fock method", "level": 2, "score": 0.5939865112304688}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147120987", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225", "display_name": "Electron", "level": 2, "score": 0.5808104276657104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C85867844", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072904", "display_name": "Fermi gas", "level": 3, "score": 0.5562978982925415}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C145196801", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572", "display_name": "Hartree", "level": 2, "score": 0.5167864561080933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C35052450", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2733663", "display_name": "Electronic correlation", "level": 3, "score": 0.5076378583908081}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C69523127", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4480008", "display_name": "Ground state", "level": 2, "score": 0.49910879135131836}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3079626", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881", "display_name": "Quantum electrodynamics", "level": 1, "score": 0.42498451471328735}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.41066858172416687}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrev.140.a1133", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.140.a1133", "pdf_url": "http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRev.140.A1133", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S54862371", "display_name": "Physical Review", "issn_l": "0031-899X", "issn": ["0031-899X", "1536-6065"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrev.140.a1133", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.140.a1133", "pdf_url": "http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRev.140.A1133", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S54862371", "display_name": "Physical Review", "issn_l": "0031-899X", "issn": ["0031-899X", "1536-6065"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2230728100.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2230728100.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 13, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1965879706", "https://openalex.org/W2001769254", "https://openalex.org/W2030976617", "https://openalex.org/W2032420941", "https://openalex.org/W2050729144", "https://openalex.org/W2057236759", "https://openalex.org/W2065072405", "https://openalex.org/W2079843014", "https://openalex.org/W2089419485", "https://openalex.org/W2092130730", "https://openalex.org/W2146747898", "https://openalex.org/W2320789361", "https://openalex.org/W2619609791"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2006568241", "https://openalex.org/W2153571113", "https://openalex.org/W2059788422", "https://openalex.org/W2144222556", "https://openalex.org/W2223300988", "https://openalex.org/W1988628737", "https://openalex.org/W2149721170", "https://openalex.org/W2013020999", "https://openalex.org/W2902411845", "https://openalex.org/W1991297780"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"From": [0], "a": [1, 61, 84, 107], "theory": [2], "of": [3, 14, 25, 56, 60, 73, 86], "Hohenberg": [4], "and": [5, 44, 53, 93], "Kohn,": [6], "approximation": [7], "methods": [8, 20], "for": [9, 23, 110], "treating": [10], "an": [11], "inhomogeneous": [12], "system": [13], "interacting": [15], "electrons": [16], "are": [17, 21, 97], "developed.": [18], "These": [19], "exact": [22], "systems": [24, 89, 111], "slowly": [26], "varying": [27], "or": [28], "high": [29], "density.": [30], "For": [31], "the": [32, 42, 51, 57], "ground": [33], "state,": [34], "they": [35], "lead": [36], "to": [37, 41, 81], "self-consistent": [38], "equations": [39, 50], "analogous": [40], "Hartree": [43], "Hartree-Fock": [45], "equations,": [46], "respectively.": [47], "In": [48], "these": [49], "exchange": [52, 71], "correlation": [54], "portions": [55], "chemical": [58], "potential": [59, 76], "uniform": [62], "electron": [63], "gas": [64], "appear": [65], "as": [66], "additional": [67], "effective": [68, 75], "potentials.": [69], "(The": [70], "portion": [72], "our": [74], "differs": [77], "from": [78], "that": [79], "due": [80], "Slater": [82], "by": [83, 100], "factor": [85], "$\\frac{2}{3}$.)": [87], "Electronic": [88], "at": [90], "finite": [91], "temperatures": [92], "in": [94], "magnetic": [95], "fields": [96], "also": [98], "treated": [99], "similar": [101], "methods.": [102], "An": [103], "appendix": [104], "deals": [105], "with": [106, 112], "further": [108], "correction": [109], "short-wavelength": [113], "density": [114], "oscillations.": [115]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 916}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3589}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3542}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3393}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3312}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3211}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3258}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2846}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2631}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2487}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2343}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2247}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2228}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2043}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1850}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2087484885", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146", "title": "G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences", "display_name": "G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences", "publication_year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-05-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2087484885", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146", "mag": "2087484885", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17695343"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3758/bf03193146", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758%2FBF03193146.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137478622", "display_name": "Behavior Research Methods", "issn_l": "1554-351X", "issn": ["1554-351X", "1554-3528"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Behavior Research Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758%2FBF03193146.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035299523", "display_name": "Franz Faul", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7158-2920"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I32021983", "display_name": "Kiel University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04v76ef78", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Franz Faul", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut f\u00fcr Psychologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t Kiel, Kiel, Germany. ffaul@psychologie.uni-kiel.de", "Institut f\u00fcr Psychologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t, Kiel, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Psychologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t Kiel, Kiel, Germany. ffaul@psychologie.uni-kiel.de", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Psychologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t, Kiel, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041210487", "display_name": "Edgar Erdfelder", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1032-3981"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I177802217", "display_name": "University of Mannheim", "ror": "https://ror.org/031bsb921", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Edgar Erdfelder", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Psychologie III, Universit\u00e4t Mannheim, Schloss Ehrenhof Ost 255, D-68131, Mannheim, Germany", "Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Psychologie III, Universit\u00e4t Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Psychologie III, Universit\u00e4t Mannheim, Schloss Ehrenhof Ost 255, D-68131, Mannheim, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Psychologie III, Universit\u00e4t Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056263250", "display_name": "Albert-Georg Lang", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I44260953", "display_name": "Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf", "ror": "https://ror.org/024z2rq82", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Albert-Georg Lang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany", "Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf , D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf , D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5000202082", "display_name": "Axel Buchner", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-3444"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I44260953", "display_name": "Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf", "ror": "https://ror.org/024z2rq82", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Axel Buchner", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany", "Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf , D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf , D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5035299523"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I32021983"], "apc_list": {"value": 2790, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 3590}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 446.7161, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 62200, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "39", "issue": "2", "first_page": "175", "last_page": "191"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10826", "display_name": "Behavioral and Psychological Studies", "score": 0.9927999973297119, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3204", "display_name": "Developmental and Educational Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10826", "display_name": "Behavioral and Psychological Studies", "score": 0.9927999973297119, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3204", "display_name": "Developmental and Educational Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10182", "display_name": "Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development", "score": 0.9901999831199646, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3203", "display_name": "Clinical Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11577", "display_name": "Cognitive Abilities and Testing", "score": 0.9787999987602234, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3205", "display_name": "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power", "display_name": "Statistical power", "score": 0.6882699728012085}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/power", "display_name": "Power (physics)", "score": 0.6850464344024658}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.6149672865867615}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-analysis", "display_name": "Statistical analysis", "score": 0.5783616304397583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/power-analysis", "display_name": "Power analysis", "score": 0.5451464056968689}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/extension", "display_name": "Extension (predicate logic)", "score": 0.5157737731933594}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing", "display_name": "Statistical hypothesis testing", "score": 0.48724690079689026}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/test", "display_name": "Test (biology)", "score": 0.43225857615470886}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.26420170068740845}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language", "display_name": "Programming language", "score": 0.20305144786834717}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.1575213074684143}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security", "display_name": "Computer security", "score": 0.09484657645225525}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C96608239", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823", "display_name": "Statistical power", "level": 2, "score": 0.6882699728012085}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C163258240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342", "display_name": "Power (physics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6850464344024658}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6149672865867615}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2986587452", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438", "display_name": "Statistical analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.5783616304397583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71743495", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845210", "display_name": "Power analysis", "level": 3, "score": 0.5451464056968689}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778029271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931", "display_name": "Extension (predicate logic)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5157737731933594}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C87007009", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832", "display_name": "Statistical hypothesis testing", "level": 2, "score": 0.48724690079689026}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777267654", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023", "display_name": "Test (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.43225857615470886}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.26420170068740845}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.20305144786834717}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.1575213074684143}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521", "display_name": "Computer security", "level": 1, "score": 0.09484657645225525}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205", "display_name": "Paleontology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178489894", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789", "display_name": "Cryptography", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001525", "descriptor_name": "Behavioral Sciences", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001525", "descriptor_name": "Behavioral Sciences", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001525", "descriptor_name": "Behavioral Sciences", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003627", "descriptor_name": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003627", "descriptor_name": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003627", "descriptor_name": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008432", "descriptor_name": "Mathematical Computing", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008432", "descriptor_name": "Mathematical Computing", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008432", "descriptor_name": "Mathematical Computing", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008838", "descriptor_name": "Microcomputers", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008838", "descriptor_name": "Microcomputers", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008838", "descriptor_name": "Microcomputers", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012942", "descriptor_name": "Social Sciences", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012942", "descriptor_name": "Social Sciences", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012942", "descriptor_name": "Social Sciences", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018709", "descriptor_name": "Statistics, Nonparametric", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018709", "descriptor_name": "Statistics, Nonparametric", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018709", "descriptor_name": "Statistics, Nonparametric", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D035843", "descriptor_name": "Biomedical Research", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D035843", "descriptor_name": "Biomedical Research", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D035843", "descriptor_name": "Biomedical Research", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.3758/bf03193146", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758%2FBF03193146.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137478622", "display_name": "Behavior Research Methods", "issn_l": "1554-351X", "issn": ["1554-351X", "1554-3528"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Behavior Research Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:17695343", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17695343", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Behavior research methods", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.3758/bf03193146", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758%2FBF03193146.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137478622", "display_name": "Behavior Research Methods", "issn_l": "1554-351X", "issn": ["1554-351X", "1554-3528"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Behavior Research Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087484885.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087484885.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 92, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W73962157", "https://openalex.org/W289652020", "https://openalex.org/W563452231", "https://openalex.org/W565007506", "https://openalex.org/W1491317234", "https://openalex.org/W1506609358", "https://openalex.org/W1559370560", "https://openalex.org/W1877483164", "https://openalex.org/W1905464277", "https://openalex.org/W1928755576", "https://openalex.org/W1964100346", "https://openalex.org/W1965078957", "https://openalex.org/W1971797174", "https://openalex.org/W1974215045", "https://openalex.org/W1976429900", "https://openalex.org/W1983234933", "https://openalex.org/W1986344245", "https://openalex.org/W1994476810", "https://openalex.org/W1999766075", "https://openalex.org/W2004643188", "https://openalex.org/W2008294697", "https://openalex.org/W2011363763", "https://openalex.org/W2011427590", "https://openalex.org/W2015393217", "https://openalex.org/W2019726579", "https://openalex.org/W2021142183", "https://openalex.org/W2030791091", "https://openalex.org/W2035208319", "https://openalex.org/W2037124948", "https://openalex.org/W2037756771", "https://openalex.org/W2045997031", "https://openalex.org/W2055289312", "https://openalex.org/W2062303587", "https://openalex.org/W2062489520", "https://openalex.org/W2064930532", "https://openalex.org/W2065532278", "https://openalex.org/W2067813945", "https://openalex.org/W2069523442", "https://openalex.org/W2069855582", "https://openalex.org/W2069863414", "https://openalex.org/W2080465551", "https://openalex.org/W2084489557", "https://openalex.org/W2087228724", "https://openalex.org/W2091909568", "https://openalex.org/W2092866176", "https://openalex.org/W2095378814", "https://openalex.org/W2099207046", "https://openalex.org/W2100455528", "https://openalex.org/W2102402140", "https://openalex.org/W2107031757", "https://openalex.org/W2115177130", "https://openalex.org/W2116318753", "https://openalex.org/W2122633654", "https://openalex.org/W2136484281", "https://openalex.org/W2142953275", "https://openalex.org/W2147941957", "https://openalex.org/W2148831373", "https://openalex.org/W2150290224", "https://openalex.org/W2151286374", "https://openalex.org/W2169670677", "https://openalex.org/W2184740792", "https://openalex.org/W2287266812", "https://openalex.org/W2323344932", "https://openalex.org/W2520479620", "https://openalex.org/W2531521348", "https://openalex.org/W2559577701", "https://openalex.org/W2559833915", "https://openalex.org/W2606425428", "https://openalex.org/W2607005133", "https://openalex.org/W2614688691", "https://openalex.org/W2615426847", "https://openalex.org/W2800745276", "https://openalex.org/W2801040323", "https://openalex.org/W2895467231", "https://openalex.org/W2986932733", "https://openalex.org/W4205318552", "https://openalex.org/W4230937804", "https://openalex.org/W4233905448", "https://openalex.org/W4234193670", "https://openalex.org/W4242776281", "https://openalex.org/W4243824705", "https://openalex.org/W4244709929", "https://openalex.org/W4246828054", "https://openalex.org/W4248217844", "https://openalex.org/W4249988659", "https://openalex.org/W4252987433", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W4300718545", "https://openalex.org/W4300870773", "https://openalex.org/W6639220557", "https://openalex.org/W6799743788", "https://openalex.org/W7030344000"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2915863966", "https://openalex.org/W2158309751", "https://openalex.org/W3003558595", "https://openalex.org/W2035798565", "https://openalex.org/W4253384137", "https://openalex.org/W2316908264", "https://openalex.org/W2469515394", "https://openalex.org/W2115979595", "https://openalex.org/W220692222", "https://openalex.org/W2086347004"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2171}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 8253}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 7844}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6962}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6793}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6206}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5082}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3746}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3081}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2514}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2037}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1718}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1376}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1162}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 938}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2103441770", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp324", "title": "Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows\u2013Wheeler transform", "display_name": "Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows\u2013Wheeler transform", "publication_year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-05-18", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2103441770", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp324", "mag": "2103441770", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19451168"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp324", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp324", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/25/14/1754/48994219/bioinformatics_25_14_1754.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S52395412", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "issn_l": "1367-4803", "issn": ["1367-4803", "1367-4811"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/25/14/1754/48994219/bioinformatics_25_14_1754.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100338825", "display_name": "Heng Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4874-2874"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "display_name": "Wellcome Sanger Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05cy4wa09", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Heng Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK", "Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5082040351", "display_name": "Richard Durbin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1006"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "display_name": "Wellcome Sanger Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05cy4wa09", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451", "https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Richard Durbin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK", "Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5100338825"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802476451"], "apc_list": {"value": 3618, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3618}, "apc_paid": {"value": 3618, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3618}, "fwci": 235.4675, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 61853, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99998816, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "25", "issue": "14", "first_page": "1754", "last_page": "1760"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11269", "display_name": "Algorithms and Data Compression", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11247", "display_name": "Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism", "score": 0.9760000109672546, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1110", "display_name": "Plant Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.731576681137085}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software", "display_name": "Software", "score": 0.5981895923614502}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/alignment-free-sequence-analysis", "display_name": "Alignment-free sequence analysis", "score": 0.5813172459602356}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-table", "display_name": "Hash table", "score": 0.5203908681869507}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-genome", "display_name": "Reference genome", "score": 0.5142509341239929}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-genome-assembly", "display_name": "Hybrid genome assembly", "score": 0.49126118421554565}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/indel", "display_name": "Indel", "score": 0.4667617976665497}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sequence-alignment", "display_name": "Multiple sequence alignment", "score": 0.458482950925827}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-alignment", "display_name": "Sequence alignment", "score": 0.4211825728416443}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-sequencing", "display_name": "DNA sequencing", "score": 0.40252745151519775}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining", "display_name": "Data mining", "score": 0.3873422145843506}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function", "display_name": "Hash function", "score": 0.33951085805892944}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.3357474207878113}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.13973453640937805}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.11692717671394348}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language", "display_name": "Programming language", "score": 0.09641501307487488}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dna", "display_name": "DNA", "score": 0.09261596202850342}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.731576681137085}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.5981895923614502}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180384323", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16335137", "display_name": "Alignment-free sequence analysis", "level": 5, "score": 0.5813172459602356}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C67388219", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207440", "display_name": "Hash table", "level": 3, "score": 0.5203908681869507}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192953774", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307127", "display_name": "Reference genome", "level": 4, "score": 0.5142509341239929}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C113425843", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5953213", "display_name": "Hybrid genome assembly", "level": 5, "score": 0.49126118421554565}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119054055", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576681", "display_name": "Indel", "level": 5, "score": 0.4667617976665497}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C88031987", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377767", "display_name": "Multiple sequence alignment", "level": 5, "score": 0.458482950925827}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C45484198", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827246", "display_name": "Sequence alignment", "level": 4, "score": 0.4211825728416443}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C51679486", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546", "display_name": "DNA sequencing", "level": 3, "score": 0.40252745151519775}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.3873422145843506}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C99138194", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427", "display_name": "Hash function", "level": 2, "score": 0.33951085805892944}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.3357474207878113}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.13973453640937805}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.11692717671394348}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.09641501307487488}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C552990157", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430", "display_name": "DNA", "level": 2, "score": 0.09261596202850342}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C135763542", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016", "display_name": "Genotype", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153209595", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128", "display_name": "Single-nucleotide polymorphism", "level": 4, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C167625842", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899763", "display_name": "Peptide sequence", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D023281", "descriptor_name": "Genomics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D023281", "descriptor_name": "Genomics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D023281", "descriptor_name": "Genomics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 7, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp324", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp324", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/25/14/1754/48994219/bioinformatics_25_14_1754.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S52395412", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "issn_l": "1367-4803", "issn": ["1367-4803", "1367-4811"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:19451168", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19451168", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmid:20080505", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20080505", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.323.5398", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.323.5398", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2009/05/18/bioinformatics.btp324.full.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.358.2821", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.358.2821", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/2f/c6/Bioinformatics_2009_Jul_15_25(14)_1754-1760.tar.gz", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2705234", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2705234", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2828108", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2828108", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp324", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp324", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/25/14/1754/48994219/bioinformatics_25_14_1754.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S52395412", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "issn_l": "1367-4803", "issn": ["1367-4803", "1367-4811"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320311904", "display_name": "Wellcome Trust", "ror": "https://ror.org/029chgv08"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320314070", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2103441770.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 34, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1603784832", "https://openalex.org/W1972770363", "https://openalex.org/W2015292449", "https://openalex.org/W2017808314", "https://openalex.org/W2055666215", "https://openalex.org/W2072193858", "https://openalex.org/W2091273836", "https://openalex.org/W2096760403", "https://openalex.org/W2097862362", "https://openalex.org/W2101286050", "https://openalex.org/W2106808791", "https://openalex.org/W2108234281", "https://openalex.org/W2108235229", "https://openalex.org/W2111858824", "https://openalex.org/W2112113834", "https://openalex.org/W2121762798", "https://openalex.org/W2124985265", "https://openalex.org/W2128591967", "https://openalex.org/W2128964206", "https://openalex.org/W2129713651", "https://openalex.org/W2132341951", "https://openalex.org/W2136145671", "https://openalex.org/W2139760555", "https://openalex.org/W2142619120", "https://openalex.org/W2143124024", "https://openalex.org/W2153527981", "https://openalex.org/W2158322625", "https://openalex.org/W2158714788", "https://openalex.org/W2161488606", "https://openalex.org/W2168303240", "https://openalex.org/W2170899819", "https://openalex.org/W6636094830", "https://openalex.org/W6683030939", "https://openalex.org/W6683504902"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2051969447", "https://openalex.org/W2133116680", "https://openalex.org/W2730968108", "https://openalex.org/W4386770652", "https://openalex.org/W1482324242", "https://openalex.org/W1886146948", "https://openalex.org/W187239587", "https://openalex.org/W2158700816", "https://openalex.org/W2122131968", "https://openalex.org/W2253095351"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"http://bio-bwa.sourceforge.net": [0]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1199}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 5337}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 6902}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5915}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6176}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6874}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5978}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4620}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4105}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3525}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3037}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2579}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2239}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1589}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1003}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2125435699", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557", "title": "Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses", "display_name": "Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses", "publication_year": 2003, "publication_date": "2003-09-04", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2125435699", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557", "mag": "2125435699", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12958120"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S192814187", "display_name": "BMJ", "issn_l": "0959-8138", "issn": ["0959-8138"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319945", "host_organization_name": "BMJ", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["BMJ"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "BMJ", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/192859", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031195893", "display_name": "Julian P. T. Higgins", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-2514"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210134973", "display_name": "MRC Biostatistics Unit", "ror": "https://ror.org/046vje122", "country_code": "GB", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I241749", "https://openalex.org/I4210087105", "https://openalex.org/I4210134973", "https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Julian P T Higgins", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge CB2 2SR. julian.higgins@mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk", "MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge CB2 2SR"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge CB2 2SR. julian.higgins@mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210134973"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge CB2 2SR", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210134973"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007606690", "display_name": "Simon G. Thompson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-7814"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210134973", "display_name": "MRC Biostatistics Unit", "ror": "https://ror.org/046vje122", "country_code": "GB", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I241749", "https://openalex.org/I4210087105", "https://openalex.org/I4210134973", "https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Simon G Thompson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge CB2 2SR,", "MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health Cambridge United Kingdom"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge CB2 2SR,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210134973"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health Cambridge United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210134973"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009420648", "display_name": "Jonathan J Deeks", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8850-1971"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801316944", "display_name": "Cancer Research UK", "ror": "https://ror.org/054225q67", "country_code": "GB", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801316944"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jonathan J Deeks", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Cancer Research UK/NHS Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Oxford OX3 7LF", "Cancer Research UK/NHS Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Cancer Research UK/NHS Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Oxford OX3 7LF", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801316944"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Cancer Research UK/NHS Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801316944"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042962646", "display_name": "Douglas G. Altman", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-4083"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801316944", "display_name": "Cancer Research UK", "ror": "https://ror.org/054225q67", "country_code": "GB", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801316944"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Douglas G Altman", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Cancer Research UK/NHS Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Oxford OX3 7LF", "Cancer Research UK/NHS Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Cancer Research UK/NHS Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Oxford OX3 7LF", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801316944"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Cancer Research UK/NHS Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801316944"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5031195893"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210134973"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 438.6545, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 61787, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "327", "issue": "7414", "first_page": "557", "last_page": "560"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.998199999332428, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.998199999332428, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11116", "display_name": "Trauma, Hemostasis, Coagulopathy, Resuscitation", "score": 0.9657999873161316, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2706", "display_name": "Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11744", "display_name": "Health Sciences Research and Education", "score": 0.963699996471405, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3600", "display_name": "General Health Professions"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/36", "display_name": "Health Professions"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5832133293151855}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science", "display_name": "Data science", "score": 0.5164527893066406}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval", "display_name": "Information retrieval", "score": 0.4352452754974365}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "score": 0.35861536860466003}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5832133293151855}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463", "display_name": "Data science", "level": 1, "score": 0.5164527893066406}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826", "display_name": "Information retrieval", "level": 1, "score": 0.4352452754974365}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "level": 1, "score": 0.35861536860466003}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D003627", "descriptor_name": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003627", "descriptor_name": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003627", "descriptor_name": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 7, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S192814187", "display_name": "BMJ", "issn_l": "0959-8138", "issn": ["0959-8138"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319945", "host_organization_name": "BMJ", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["BMJ"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "BMJ", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:12958120", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12958120", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "BMJ (Clinical research ed.)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:eprints.lincoln.ac.uk:1932", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196275", "display_name": "Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I51532219", "host_organization_name": "University of Lincoln", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I51532219"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "acceptedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:439968", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC192859", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:e438b74a-d499-46a1-9128-84eeaead5e5a", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e438b74a-d499-46a1-9128-84eeaead5e5a", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402636", "display_name": "Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I40120149", "host_organization_name": "University of Oxford", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I40120149"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Symplectic Elements at Oxford", "raw_type": "Journal article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:192859", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/192859", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "BMJ", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/9e128a32-3422-4086-825e-8586a500985d", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/9e128a32-3422-4086-825e-8586a500985d", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402634", "display_name": "University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I79619799", "host_organization_name": "University of Birmingham", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I79619799"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Higgins, JPT, Thompson, SG, Deeks, J & Altman, DG 2003, 'Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses', British Medical Journal, vol. 327, pp. 557-560. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557", "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:192859", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/192859", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "BMJ", "raw_type": "Text"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 27, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2036740", "https://openalex.org/W78341925", "https://openalex.org/W1523272844", "https://openalex.org/W1554783366", "https://openalex.org/W1562190372", "https://openalex.org/W1605423339", "https://openalex.org/W1731719050", "https://openalex.org/W1812598206", "https://openalex.org/W1930246251", "https://openalex.org/W1939358643", "https://openalex.org/W1999580315", "https://openalex.org/W2002288054", "https://openalex.org/W2044053804", "https://openalex.org/W2068053765", "https://openalex.org/W2075937340", "https://openalex.org/W2081040380", "https://openalex.org/W2081320515", "https://openalex.org/W2084254640", "https://openalex.org/W2126930838", "https://openalex.org/W2132966541", "https://openalex.org/W2139000771", "https://openalex.org/W2160323354", "https://openalex.org/W2164586769", "https://openalex.org/W2315123323", "https://openalex.org/W2320350515", "https://openalex.org/W2921082412", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2357241418", "https://openalex.org/W2086064646", "https://openalex.org/W2119135658", "https://openalex.org/W2115485936", "https://openalex.org/W2153015554", "https://openalex.org/W3022131925", "https://openalex.org/W2349174110", "https://openalex.org/W1597238586", "https://openalex.org/W1536405386"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Cochrane": [0], "Reviews": [1], "have": [2], "recently": [3], "started": [4], "including": [5], "the": [6, 13, 16], "quantity": [7, 26], "I2": [8], "to": [9, 36], "help": [10], "readers": [11], "assess": [12], "consistency": [14], "of": [15, 18, 32], "results": [17], "studies": [19], "in": [20], "meta-analyses.": [21], "What": [22], "does": [23], "this": [24], "new": [25], "mean,": [27], "and": [28], "why": [29], "is": [30], "assessment": [31], "heterogeneity": [33], "so": [34], "important": [35], "clinical": [37], "practice?": [38]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1020}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4438}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5322}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4793}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5399}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5702}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5093}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3932}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3521}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3291}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3150}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3088}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2804}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2340}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1893}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2108598243", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206848", "title": "ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database", "display_name": "ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database", "publication_year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-06-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2108598243", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206848", "mag": "2108598243"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206848", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206848", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4363607795", "display_name": "2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "conference"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition", "raw_type": "proceedings-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101542158", "display_name": "Jia Deng", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-4554"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20089843", "display_name": "Princeton University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hx57361", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jia Deng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, USA", "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton , NJ, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton , NJ, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5086692495", "display_name": "Wei Dong", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3067-8720"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20089843", "display_name": "Princeton University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hx57361", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wei Dong", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, USA", "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton , NJ, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton , NJ, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5059955534", "display_name": "Richard Socher", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3577-639X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20089843", "display_name": "Princeton University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hx57361", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Richard Socher", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, USA", "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton , NJ, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton , NJ, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009049500", "display_name": "Li-Jia Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5850-7013"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20089843", "display_name": "Princeton University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hx57361", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Li-Jia Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, USA", "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton , NJ, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton , NJ, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100399972", "display_name": "Kai Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1560-0853"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20089843", "display_name": "Princeton University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hx57361", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kai Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, USA", "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton , NJ, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton , NJ, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100450462", "display_name": "Li Fei-Fei", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7481-0810"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20089843", "display_name": "Princeton University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hx57361", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Li Fei-Fei", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, USA", "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton , NJ, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton , NJ, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 6, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5101542158"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 54.9583, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 60749, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": "248", "last_page": "255"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10627", "display_name": "Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10627", "display_name": "Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10824", "display_name": "Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques", "score": 0.9991000294685364, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11714", "display_name": "Multimodal Machine Learning Applications", "score": 0.9937999844551086, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.8695341348648071}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/wordnet", "display_name": "WordNet", "score": 0.8275002241134644}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy", "display_name": "Hierarchy", "score": 0.5417234897613525}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis", "display_name": "Cluster analysis", "score": 0.5259278416633606}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.5181483030319214}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval", "display_name": "Information retrieval", "score": 0.5032419562339783}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scale", "display_name": "Scale (ratio)", "score": 0.5020468235015869}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/object", "display_name": "Object (grammar)", "score": 0.500352144241333}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "score": 0.47625064849853516}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology", "display_name": "Ontology", "score": 0.4443924129009247}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining", "display_name": "Data mining", "score": 0.3922329545021057}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.325738787651062}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.3202351927757263}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.8695341348648071}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C157659113", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533822", "display_name": "WordNet", "level": 2, "score": 0.8275002241134644}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C31170391", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619", "display_name": "Hierarchy", "level": 2, "score": 0.5417234897613525}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C73555534", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825", "display_name": "Cluster analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.5259278416633606}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.5181483030319214}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826", "display_name": "Information retrieval", "level": 1, "score": 0.5032419562339783}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778755073", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537", "display_name": "Scale (ratio)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5020468235015869}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781238097", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026", "display_name": "Object (grammar)", "level": 2, "score": 0.500352144241333}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115961682", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.47625064849853516}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C25810664", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325", "display_name": "Ontology", "level": 2, "score": 0.4443924129009247}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.3922329545021057}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.325738787651062}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.3202351927757263}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522", "display_name": "Market economy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206848", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206848", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4363607795", "display_name": "2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "conference"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition", "raw_type": "proceedings-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.155.1729", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.155.1729", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.image-net.org/papers/imagenet_cvpr09.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9", "display_name": "Industry, innovation and infrastructure", "score": 0.5}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 33, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W128019999", "https://openalex.org/W1521539493", "https://openalex.org/W1528789833", "https://openalex.org/W1576445103", "https://openalex.org/W1739260168", "https://openalex.org/W1782590233", "https://openalex.org/W1851597118", "https://openalex.org/W1997011019", "https://openalex.org/W2009606665", "https://openalex.org/W2038721957", "https://openalex.org/W2106097867", "https://openalex.org/W2110764733", "https://openalex.org/W2115733720", "https://openalex.org/W2128017662", "https://openalex.org/W2134135198", "https://openalex.org/W2141282920", "https://openalex.org/W2145607950", "https://openalex.org/W2146719366", "https://openalex.org/W2149489787", "https://openalex.org/W2151103935", "https://openalex.org/W2158535772", "https://openalex.org/W2166742463", "https://openalex.org/W2172191903", "https://openalex.org/W2186094539", "https://openalex.org/W3035258717", "https://openalex.org/W4392159830", "https://openalex.org/W6605172141", "https://openalex.org/W6625122095", "https://openalex.org/W6631412525", "https://openalex.org/W6634343353", "https://openalex.org/W6637774275", "https://openalex.org/W6681704240", "https://openalex.org/W6686583229"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2326857978", "https://openalex.org/W1597238586", "https://openalex.org/W2370546856", "https://openalex.org/W1485554661", "https://openalex.org/W1595523455", "https://openalex.org/W2393185060", "https://openalex.org/W1851156223", "https://openalex.org/W2251023718", "https://openalex.org/W2153799433", "https://openalex.org/W2395435768"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "explosion": [1], "of": [2, 56, 62, 72, 76, 81, 93, 95, 103, 111, 172, 197], "image": [3, 146, 181], "data": [4, 35, 160], "on": [5], "the": [6, 9, 60, 63, 70, 73, 100, 144, 159, 170, 190, 206], "Internet": [7], "has": [8], "potential": [10], "to": [11, 20, 68, 203], "foster": [12], "more": [13, 141], "sophisticated": [14], "and": [15, 18, 24, 28, 39, 84, 122, 137, 139, 183, 194, 210], "robust": [16], "models": [17], "algorithms": [19], "index,": [21], "retrieve,": [22], "organize": [23], "interact": [25], "with": [26, 78, 119, 163], "images": [27, 57, 97, 125], "multimedia": [29], "data.": [30], "But": [31], "exactly": [32], "how": [33], "such": [34, 149], "can": [36, 199], "be": [37], "harnessed": [38], "organized": [40, 98], "remains": [41], "a": [42, 48, 53, 108, 150, 154], "critical": [43], "problem.": [44], "We": [45, 128, 157, 187], "introduce": [46], "here": [47], "new": [49], "database": [50, 152], "called": [51], "\u201cImageNet\u201d,": [52], "large-scale": [54, 151], "ontology": [55], "built": [58], "upon": [59], "backbone": [61], "WordNet": [64, 77], "structure.": [65], "ImageNet": [66, 112, 131, 173, 198], "aims": [67], "populate": [69], "majority": [71], "80,000": [74], "synsets": [75, 121], "an": [79], "average": [80], "500\u20131000": [82], "clean": [83], "full": [85], "resolution": [86], "images.": [87], "This": [88, 105], "will": [89], "result": [90], "in": [91, 113, 126, 135, 178, 205], "tens": [92], "millions": [94], "annotated": [96], "by": [99], "semantic": [101], "hierarchy": [102], "WordNet.": [104], "paper": [106], "offers": [107], "detailed": [109], "analysis": [110], "its": [114], "current": [115, 145], "state:": [116], "12": [117], "subtrees": [118], "5247": [120], "3.2": [123], "million": [124], "total.": [127], "show": [129], "that": [130, 189], "is": [132, 153], "much": [133, 140], "larger": [134], "scale": [136], "diversity": [138, 193], "accurate": [142], "than": [143], "datasets.": [147], "Constructing": [148], "challenging": [155], "task.": [156], "describe": [158], "collection": [161], "scheme": [162], "Amazon": [164], "Mechanical": [165], "Turk.": [166], "Lastly,": [167], "we": [168], "illustrate": [169], "usefulness": [171], "through": [174], "three": [175], "simple": [176], "applications": [177], "object": [179, 185], "recognition,": [180], "classification": [182], "automatic": [184], "clustering.": [186], "hope": [188], "scale,": [191], "accuracy,": [192], "hierarchical": [195], "structure": [196], "offer": [200], "unparalleled": [201], "opportunities": [202], "researchers": [204], "computer": [207], "vision": [208], "community": [209], "beyond.": [211]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 825}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 6529}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 7846}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 8212}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 7223}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 9302}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 7332}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 5320}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3247}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1902}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1136}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 770}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 404}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 255}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 210}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2097706568", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454", "title": "The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees.", "display_name": "The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees.", "publication_year": 1987, "publication_date": "1987-07-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2097706568", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454", "mag": "2097706568", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3447015"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/4/4/406/11167444/7sait.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/4/4/406/11167444/7sait.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5052941366", "display_name": "Naruya Saitou", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I919571938", "display_name": "The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston", "ror": "https://ror.org/03gds6c39", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Saitou, N", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Demographic and Population Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77225"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Demographic and Population Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77225", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109177049", "display_name": "M Nei", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nei, M", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5052941366"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I919571938"], "apc_list": {"value": 3255, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3255}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 27.6298, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 60310, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99748928, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "4", "issue": "4", "first_page": "406", "last_page": "25"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10012", "display_name": "Genetic diversity and population structure", "score": 0.9976000189781189, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311", "display_name": "Genetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10012", "display_name": "Genetic diversity and population structure", "score": 0.9976000189781189, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311", "display_name": "Genetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11354", "display_name": "Evolution and Paleontology Studies", "score": 0.9975000023841858, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1911", "display_name": "Paleontology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9973000288009644, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetic-tree", "display_name": "Phylogenetic tree", "score": 0.8660367727279663}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tree", "display_name": "Tree (set theory)", "score": 0.6832712888717651}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.6167886257171631}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis", "display_name": "Cluster analysis", "score": 0.6143583059310913}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetic-network", "display_name": "Phylogenetic network", "score": 0.4964354634284973}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-rearrangement", "display_name": "Tree rearrangement", "score": 0.4527584910392761}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-phylogenetics", "display_name": "Computational phylogenetics", "score": 0.42657190561294556}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.4053030014038086}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.3559412360191345}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.3534051179885864}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics", "display_name": "Combinatorics", "score": 0.3254692852497101}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.23859232664108276}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.08304715156555176}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.07016286253929138}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C193252679", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125", "display_name": "Phylogenetic tree", "level": 3, "score": 0.8660367727279663}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C113174947", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736", "display_name": "Tree (set theory)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6832712888717651}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.6167886257171631}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C73555534", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825", "display_name": "Cluster analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.6143583059310913}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26619641", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142246", "display_name": "Phylogenetic network", "level": 4, "score": 0.4964354634284973}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C53208351", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7837630", "display_name": "Tree rearrangement", "level": 4, "score": 0.4527584910392761}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41168302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3772859", "display_name": "Computational phylogenetics", "level": 5, "score": 0.42657190561294556}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.4053030014038086}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.3559412360191345}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3534051179885864}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C114614502", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592", "display_name": "Combinatorics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3254692852497101}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.23859232664108276}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.08304715156555176}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.07016286253929138}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001699", "descriptor_name": "Biometry", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001699", "descriptor_name": "Biometry", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001699", "descriptor_name": "Biometry", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005075", "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005075", "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005075", "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008957", "descriptor_name": "Models, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008957", "descriptor_name": "Models, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008957", "descriptor_name": "Models, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011898", "descriptor_name": "Ranidae", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011898", "descriptor_name": "Ranidae", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011898", "descriptor_name": "Ranidae", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/4/4/406/11167444/7sait.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:3447015", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3447015", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular biology and evolution", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/4/4/406/11167444/7sait.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15", "display_name": "Life in Land", "score": 0.46000000834465027}], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "display_name": "National Science Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2097706568.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2097706568.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 16, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W93588716", "https://openalex.org/W1525734744", "https://openalex.org/W1968248848", "https://openalex.org/W2005471817", "https://openalex.org/W2031126546", "https://openalex.org/W2041076979", "https://openalex.org/W2060858410", "https://openalex.org/W2075357518", "https://openalex.org/W2078650268", "https://openalex.org/W2088481129", "https://openalex.org/W2090709028", "https://openalex.org/W2118942683", "https://openalex.org/W2166802878", "https://openalex.org/W2298922749", "https://openalex.org/W2324133927", "https://openalex.org/W2760713421"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W85430217", "https://openalex.org/W2800044728", "https://openalex.org/W3088015816", "https://openalex.org/W2363720861", "https://openalex.org/W112542519", "https://openalex.org/W4287661213", "https://openalex.org/W3106839334", "https://openalex.org/W4205904230", "https://openalex.org/W2120975787", "https://openalex.org/W2607237371"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"A": [0], "new": [1], "method": [2, 6, 21, 80, 100, 121, 126], "called": [3], "the": [4, 35, 57, 76, 83, 96, 134], "neighbor-joining": [5, 120], "is": [7, 22], "proposed": [8], "for": [9], "reconstructing": [10], "phylogenetic": [11], "trees": [12], "from": [13], "evolutionary": [14], "distance": [15], "data.": [16], "The": [17, 51, 118], "principle": [18], "of": [19, 26, 42, 44, 59, 78, 91, 101], "this": [20, 69, 79], "to": [23, 129], "find": [24], "pairs": [25], "operational": [27], "taxonomic": [28], "units": [29], "(OTUs": [30], "[=": [31], "neighbors])": [32], "that": [33, 90], "minimize": [34], "total": [36], "branch": [37, 52], "length": [38], "at": [39], "each": [40], "stage": [41], "clustering": [43], "OTUs": [45], "starting": [46], "with": [47, 89], "a": [48, 60], "starlike": [49], "tree.": [50], "lengths": [53], "as": [54, 56], "well": [55], "topology": [58], "parsimonious": [61], "tree": [62, 86], "can": [63], "quickly": [64], "be": [65, 130], "obtained": [66], "by": [67], "using": [68], "method.": [70, 117], "Using": [71], "computer": [72], "simulation,": [73], "we": [74], "studied": [75], "efficiency": [77], "in": [81, 87], "obtaining": [82], "correct": [84], "unrooted": [85], "comparison": [88], "five": [92], "other": [93, 135], "tree-making": [94], "methods:": [95], "unweighted": [97], "pair": [98], "group": [99], "analysis,": [102], "Farris's": [103], "method,": [104, 108, 110], "Sattath": [105, 123], "and": [106, 111, 122, 124], "Tversky's": [107, 125], "Li's": [109], "Tateno": [112], "et": [113], "al.'s": [114], "modified": [115], "Farris": [116], "new,": [119], "are": [127], "shown": [128], "generally": [131], "better": [132], "than": [133], "methods.": [136]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 191}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1362}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1861}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2064}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2137}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2602}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2708}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2486}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2274}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2403}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2474}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2627}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2670}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2612}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2581}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1987258130", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312", "title": "Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error", "display_name": "Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error", "publication_year": 1981, "publication_date": "1981-02-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1987258130", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312", "mag": "1987258130"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.2307/3151312", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S119950638", "display_name": "Journal of Marketing Research", "issn_l": "0022-2437", "issn": ["0022-2437", "1547-7193"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320017", "host_organization_name": "SAGE Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["SAGE Publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Marketing Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5047556013", "display_name": "Claes Fornell", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210111179", "display_name": "Michigan United", "ror": "https://ror.org/0291ys696", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I27837315", "display_name": "University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor", "ror": "https://ror.org/00jmfr291", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Claes Fornell", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["U. Michigan#TAB#"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "U. Michigan#TAB#", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210111179", "https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020344688", "display_name": "David F. Larcker", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9585-2227"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I111979921", "display_name": "Northwestern University", "ror": "https://ror.org/000e0be47", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David F. Larcker", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Northwestern University****"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Northwestern University****", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5047556013"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315", "https://openalex.org/I4210111179"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 18.3201, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 60281, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99641944, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "18", "issue": "1", "first_page": "39", "last_page": "39"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10467", "display_name": "Psychometric Methodologies and Testing", "score": 0.9904999732971191, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10467", "display_name": "Psychometric Methodologies and Testing", "score": 0.9904999732971191, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13748", "display_name": "Advanced Statistical Modeling Techniques", "score": 0.9409000277519226, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/unobservable", "display_name": "Unobservable", "score": 0.9409806728363037}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling", "display_name": "Structural equation modeling", "score": 0.754609227180481}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics", "display_name": "Econometrics", "score": 0.5840005874633789}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.4663013517856598}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-error", "display_name": "Observational error", "score": 0.4340461492538452}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.4122135639190674}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics", "display_name": "Applied mathematics", "score": 0.407412588596344}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.36124151945114136}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780695315", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799040", "display_name": "Unobservable", "level": 2, "score": 0.9409806728363037}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71104824", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639", "display_name": "Structural equation modeling", "level": 2, "score": 0.754609227180481}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039", "display_name": "Econometrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.5840005874633789}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4663013517856598}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C19619285", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372", "display_name": "Observational error", "level": 2, "score": 0.4340461492538452}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.4122135639190674}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C28826006", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521", "display_name": "Applied mathematics", "level": 1, "score": 0.407412588596344}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.36124151945114136}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.2307/3151312", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S119950638", "display_name": "Journal of Marketing Research", "issn_l": "0022-2437", "issn": ["0022-2437", "1547-7193"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320017", "host_organization_name": "SAGE Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["SAGE Publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Marketing Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 29, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1967304040", "https://openalex.org/W1983353224", "https://openalex.org/W1983799715", "https://openalex.org/W1990967863", "https://openalex.org/W1992231362", "https://openalex.org/W2002240385", "https://openalex.org/W2002429615", "https://openalex.org/W2005423324", "https://openalex.org/W2008159408", "https://openalex.org/W2011058027", "https://openalex.org/W2012691952", "https://openalex.org/W2024509488", "https://openalex.org/W2025341678", "https://openalex.org/W2030741364", "https://openalex.org/W2032678625", "https://openalex.org/W2064660410", "https://openalex.org/W2068700945", "https://openalex.org/W2078361854", "https://openalex.org/W2083918828", "https://openalex.org/W2085512328", "https://openalex.org/W2091130898", "https://openalex.org/W2116958223", "https://openalex.org/W2124634097", "https://openalex.org/W2147844420", "https://openalex.org/W2149608872", "https://openalex.org/W2158971894", "https://openalex.org/W2315698671", "https://openalex.org/W2317858760", "https://openalex.org/W2318314868"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2614563012", "https://openalex.org/W4293337373", "https://openalex.org/W1968533609", "https://openalex.org/W2486803649", "https://openalex.org/W1984270607", "https://openalex.org/W2151842462", "https://openalex.org/W2349333549", "https://openalex.org/W2116445905", "https://openalex.org/W2799696491", "https://openalex.org/W1482105679"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "statistical": [1], "tests": [2], "used": [3], "in": [4, 28], "the": [5, 22], "analysis": [6], "of": [7, 21], "structural": [8], "equation": [9], "models": [10], "with": [11], "unobservable": [12], "variables": [13], "and": [14], "measurement": [15], "error": [16], "are": [17], "examined.": [18], "A": [19], "drawback": [20], "commonly": [23], "applied": [24], "chi": [25], "square": [26], "test,": [27], "addit...": [29]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 628}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2571}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2820}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2439}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2008}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5597}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4717}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4363}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4259}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4002}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3828}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3838}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3426}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3023}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2504}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2170551349", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1923", "title": "Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2", "display_name": "Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2", "publication_year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-03-04", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2170551349", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1923", "mag": "2170551349", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22388286"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/nmeth.1923", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1923", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127827428", "display_name": "Nature Methods", "issn_l": "1548-7091", "issn": ["1548-7091", "1548-7105"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009556658", "display_name": "Ben Langmead", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2437-1976"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I66946132", "display_name": "University of Maryland, College Park", "ror": "https://ror.org/047s2c258", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Ben Langmead", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA. blangmea@jhsph.edu", "Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA. blangmea@jhsph.edu", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5010384159", "display_name": "Steven L. Salzberg", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8859-7432"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I145311948", "display_name": "Johns Hopkins University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I66946132", "display_name": "University of Maryland, College Park", "ror": "https://ror.org/047s2c258", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2799853436", "display_name": "Johns Hopkins Medicine", "ror": "https://ror.org/037zgn354", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Steven L Salzberg", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA", "Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA", "McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2799853436", "https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5009556658"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I66946132"], "apc_list": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 402.5539, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 59838, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99999466, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "9", "issue": "4", "first_page": "357", "last_page": "359"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11269", "display_name": "Algorithms and Data Compression", "score": 0.9864000082015991, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10521", "display_name": "RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms", "score": 0.9685999751091003, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.8297092914581299}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility", "display_name": "Flexibility (engineering)", "score": 0.6157448887825012}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming", "display_name": "Dynamic programming", "score": 0.5945197343826294}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software", "display_name": "Software", "score": 0.5853263735771179}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput", "display_name": "Throughput", "score": 0.5686576962471008}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/index", "display_name": "Index (typography)", "score": 0.44332340359687805}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity", "display_name": "Sensitivity (control systems)", "score": 0.4383930563926697}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing", "display_name": "Parallel computing", "score": 0.42312443256378174}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.4093164801597595}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware", "display_name": "Computer hardware", "score": 0.4004729688167572}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language", "display_name": "Programming language", "score": 0.11826357245445251}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system", "display_name": "Operating system", "score": 0.10001629590988159}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.07229828834533691}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.8297092914581299}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780598303", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492", "display_name": "Flexibility (engineering)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6157448887825012}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C37404715", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679", "display_name": "Dynamic programming", "level": 2, "score": 0.5945197343826294}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.5853263735771179}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C157764524", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412", "display_name": "Throughput", "level": 3, "score": 0.5686576962471008}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777382242", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816", "display_name": "Index (typography)", "level": 2, "score": 0.44332340359687805}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C21200559", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068", "display_name": "Sensitivity (control systems)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4383930563926697}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C173608175", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661", "display_name": "Parallel computing", "level": 1, "score": 0.42312443256378174}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.4093164801597595}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C9390403", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966", "display_name": "Computer hardware", "level": 1, "score": 0.4004729688167572}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.11826357245445251}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.10001629590988159}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.07229828834533691}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C555944384", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249", "display_name": "Wireless", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C24326235", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095", "display_name": "Electronic engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015894", "descriptor_name": "Genome, Human", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015894", "descriptor_name": "Genome, Human", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015894", "descriptor_name": "Genome, Human", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015894", "descriptor_name": "Genome, Human", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015894", "descriptor_name": "Genome, Human", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/nmeth.1923", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1923", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127827428", "display_name": "Nature Methods", "issn_l": "1548-7091", "issn": ["1548-7091", "1548-7105"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:22388286", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22388286", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature methods", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2587256", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3322381", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 14, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1988929438", "https://openalex.org/W2011411346", "https://openalex.org/W2093931624", "https://openalex.org/W2097341408", "https://openalex.org/W2103441770", "https://openalex.org/W2108234281", "https://openalex.org/W2119180969", "https://openalex.org/W2119279650", "https://openalex.org/W2124985265", "https://openalex.org/W2129504003", "https://openalex.org/W2141458291", "https://openalex.org/W2171777347", "https://openalex.org/W2885727518", "https://openalex.org/W4247053599"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2136583354", "https://openalex.org/W2111238207", "https://openalex.org/W2626808643", "https://openalex.org/W2004064826", "https://openalex.org/W3103727510", "https://openalex.org/W3143779693", "https://openalex.org/W97045569", "https://openalex.org/W2760721665", "https://openalex.org/W4293054118", "https://openalex.org/W2348021072"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1575}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 6570}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 8007}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6906}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6987}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 7371}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 6131}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4470}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3707}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2993}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2095}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1569}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 977}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 389}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 57}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2298230951", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50052a726", "title": "Official Methods of Analysis of", "display_name": "Official Methods of Analysis of", "publication_year": 1980, "publication_date": "1980-02-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2298230951", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50052a726", "mag": "2298230951"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1021/ac50052a726", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50052a726", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S191963794", "display_name": "Analytical Chemistry", "issn_l": "0003-2700", "issn": ["0003-2700", "1520-6882"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320006", "host_organization_name": "American Chemical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Chemical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 749.7947, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 59552, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "52", "issue": "2", "first_page": "148A", "last_page": "148A"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13297", "display_name": "History and advancements in chemistry", "score": 0.6783999800682068, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1606", "display_name": "Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13297", "display_name": "History and advancements in chemistry", "score": 0.6783999800682068, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1606", "display_name": "Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/citation", "display_name": "Citation", "score": 0.7085047364234924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/icon", "display_name": "Icon", "score": 0.7047480344772339}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/altmetrics", "display_name": "Altmetrics", "score": 0.6904718279838562}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media", "display_name": "Social media", "score": 0.6109819412231445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5780969858169556}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval", "display_name": "Information retrieval", "score": 0.438734233379364}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/citation-analysis", "display_name": "Citation analysis", "score": 0.43054503202438354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "score": 0.3383631706237793}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science", "display_name": "Library science", "score": 0.3295031785964966}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778805511", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713", "display_name": "Citation", "level": 2, "score": 0.7085047364234924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778447006", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156474", "display_name": "Icon", "level": 2, "score": 0.7047480344772339}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778407487", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14565201", "display_name": "Altmetrics", "level": 2, "score": 0.6904718279838562}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C518677369", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833", "display_name": "Social media", "level": 2, "score": 0.6109819412231445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5780969858169556}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826", "display_name": "Information retrieval", "level": 1, "score": 0.438734233379364}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105345328", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206276", "display_name": "Citation analysis", "level": 3, "score": 0.43054503202438354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "level": 1, "score": 0.3383631706237793}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655", "display_name": "Library science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3295031785964966}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1021/ac50052a726", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50052a726", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S191963794", "display_name": "Analytical Chemistry", "issn_l": "0003-2700", "issn": ["0003-2700", "1520-6882"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320006", "host_organization_name": "American Chemical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Chemical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2618017038", "https://openalex.org/W2166317738", "https://openalex.org/W4384945517", "https://openalex.org/W2904800587", "https://openalex.org/W2921161146", "https://openalex.org/W1156868467", "https://openalex.org/W2899490515", "https://openalex.org/W2895986144", "https://openalex.org/W2417546259"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"ADVERTISEMENT": [0], "RETURN": [1], "TO": [2], "ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOfficial": [3], "Methods": [4], "of": [5, 39, 74, 100], "Analysis": [6], "ofCite": [7], "this:": [8], "Anal.": [9], "Chem.": [10], "1980,": [11], "52,": [12], "2,": [13], "148APublication": [14], "Date": [15], "(Print):February": [16], "1,": [17], "1980Publication": [18], "History": [19], "Published": [20], "online31": [21], "May": [22], "2012Published": [23], "inissue": [24], "1": [25], "February": [26], "1980https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50052a726RIGHTS": [27], "&": [28], "PERMISSIONSArticle": [29], "Views435Altmetric-Citations8LEARN": [30], "ABOUT": [31], "THESE": [32], "METRICSArticle": [33], "Views": [34], "are": [35, 58, 71], "the": [36, 67, 72, 101, 112, 125, 128, 133, 140, 146], "COUNTER-compliant": [37], "sum": [38], "full": [40], "text": [41], "article": [42, 106], "downloads": [43], "since": [44], "November": [45], "2008": [46], "(both": [47], "PDF": [48, 168], "and": [49, 54, 83, 127, 144, 160, 162], "HTML)": [50], "across": [51], "all": [52], "institutions": [53], "individuals.": [55], "These": [56], "metrics": [57], "regularly": [59], "updated": [60, 84], "to": [61, 66], "reflect": [62], "usage": [63], "leading": [64], "up": [65], "last": [68], "few": [69], "days.Citations": [70], "number": [73], "other": [75], "articles": [76], "citing": [77], "this": [78], "article,": [79], "calculated": [80], "by": [81], "Crossref": [82, 90], "daily.": [85], "Find": [86, 136], "more": [87, 137], "information": [88, 138], "about": [89, 124], "citation": [91], "counts.The": [92], "Altmetric": [93, 141], "Attention": [94, 142], "Score": [95, 143], "is": [96, 148], "a": [97, 104, 117], "quantitative": [98], "measure": [99], "attention": [102], "that": [103], "research": [105], "has": [107], "received": [108], "online.": [109], "Clicking": [110], "on": [111, 139], "donut": [113], "icon": [114], "will": [115], "load": [116], "page": [118], "at": [119], "altmetric.com": [120], "with": [121, 156], "additional": [122], "details": [123], "score": [126, 147], "social": [129], "media": [130], "presence": [131], "for": [132], "given": [134], "article.": [135], "how": [145], "calculated.": [149], "Share": [150, 165], "Add": [151], "toView": [152], "InAdd": [153], "Full": [154], "Text": [155], "ReferenceAdd": [157], "Description": [158], "ExportRISCitationCitation": [159], "abstractCitation": [161], "referencesMore": [163], "Options": [164], "onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked": [166], "InReddit": [167], "(758": [169], "KB)": [170], "Get": [171, 173], "e-Alerts": [172, 174]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 694}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 913}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 982}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2529}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2840}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2463}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2338}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2373}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2453}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3059}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3416}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2922}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2763}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2132905138", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1201/b17118", "title": "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics", "display_name": "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics", "publication_year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-06-04", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2132905138", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1201/b17118", "mag": "2132905138"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1201/b17118", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1201/b17118", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "book"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13009753", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5052588458", "display_name": "W.M. Haynes", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1321296531", "display_name": "National Institute of Standards and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05xpvk416", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1321296531", "https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "William M. Haynes", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5052588458"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 229.6629, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 57799, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11746", "display_name": "Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry", "score": 0.051100000739097595, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1605", "display_name": "Organic Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11746", "display_name": "Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry", "score": 0.051100000739097595, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1605", "display_name": "Organic Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12044", "display_name": "Advanced Physical and Chemical Molecular Interactions", "score": 0.04910000041127205, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1606", "display_name": "Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14311", "display_name": "Electrical and Electromagnetic Research", "score": 0.01549999974668026, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.3371315002441406}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.3321145176887512}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-physics", "display_name": "Engineering physics", "score": 0.3262748122215271}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.3371315002441406}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.3321145176887512}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C61696701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766", "display_name": "Engineering physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3262748122215271}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1201/b17118", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1201/b17118", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "book"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:zenodo.org:13009753", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13009753", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562", "display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:zenodo.org:13009753", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13009753", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562", "display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2948807893", "https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2778153218", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W1531601525", "https://openalex.org/W1990781990", "https://openalex.org/W2607424097", "https://openalex.org/W2606230654", "https://openalex.org/W2384464875", "https://openalex.org/W2319480705"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Proudly": [0], "serving": [1], "the": [2, 13, 28, 40, 48], "scientific": [3, 45], "community": [4], "for": [5], "over": [6], "a": [7, 24], "century,": [8], "this": [9], "95th": [10], "edition": [11], "of": [12, 16, 23, 32, 54], "CRC": [14], "Handbook": [15], "Chemistry": [17], "and": [18, 30, 43], "Physics": [19], "is": [20], "an": [21], "update": [22], "classic": [25], "reference,": [26], "mirroring": [27], "growth": [29], "direction": [31], "science.": [33], "This": [34], "venerable": [35], "work": [36], "continues": [37], "to": [38], "be": [39], "most": [41], "accessed": [42], "respected": [44], "reference": [46], "in": [47], "world.": [49], "An": [50], "authoritative": [51], "resource": [52], "consisting": [53]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 56}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1057}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 996}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 885}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 934}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1612}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1837}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1796}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1695}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1775}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1977}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2128}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2292}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2157}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2077}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2112796928", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/5.726791", "title": "Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition", "display_name": "Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition", "publication_year": 1998, "publication_date": "1998-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2112796928", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/5.726791", "mag": "2112796928"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/5.726791", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/5.726791", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S68686220", "display_name": "Proceedings of the IEEE", "issn_l": "0018-9219", "issn": ["0018-9219", "1558-2256"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the IEEE", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://hal.science/hal-03926082/document", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5001226970", "display_name": "Yann LeCun", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1283103587", "display_name": "AT&T (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/02bbd5539", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Y. Lecun", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Speech and Image Processing Services Research Laboratory, AT and T Research Laboratories, Red Bank, NJ, USA", "Speech and Image Processing Services Research Laboratory"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Speech and Image Processing Services Research Laboratory, AT and T Research Laboratories, Red Bank, NJ, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Speech and Image Processing Services Research Laboratory", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5019206666", "display_name": "L\u00e9on Bottou", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9894-8128"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1283103587", "display_name": "AT&T (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/02bbd5539", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "L. Bottou", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Speech and Image Processing Services Research Laboratory, AT and T Research Laboratories, Red Bank, NJ, USA", "Speech and Image Processing Services Research Laboratory"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Speech and Image Processing Services Research Laboratory, AT and T Research Laboratories, Red Bank, NJ, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Speech and Image Processing Services Research Laboratory", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5086198262", "display_name": "Yoshua Bengio", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9322-3515"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I70931966", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al", "ror": "https://ror.org/0161xgx34", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Y. Bengio", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["D\u00e9partement D'Informatique et de Recherche Op\u00e9rationelle, Universit\u00e9 de Montreal, Montreal, QUE, Canada", "Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al", "Speech and Image Processing Services Research Laboratory"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "D\u00e9partement D'Informatique et de Recherche Op\u00e9rationelle, Universit\u00e9 de Montreal, Montreal, QUE, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Speech and Image Processing Services Research Laboratory", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026605560", "display_name": "Patrick Haffner", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-5109"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1283103587", "display_name": "AT&T (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/02bbd5539", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "P. Haffner", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Speech and Image Processing Services Research Laboratory, AT and T Research Laboratories, Red Bank, NJ, USA", "Speech and Image Processing Services Research Laboratory"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Speech and Image Processing Services Research Laboratory, AT and T Research Laboratories, Red Bank, NJ, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Speech and Image Processing Services Research Laboratory", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5001226970"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 12.6722, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 57169, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.98911086, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "86", "issue": "11", "first_page": "2278", "last_page": "2324"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10601", "display_name": "Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10601", "display_name": "Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14339", "display_name": "Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction", "score": 0.9968000054359436, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.9950000047683716, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.8254276514053345}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.6142195463180542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network", "display_name": "Convolutional neural network", "score": 0.5978816747665405}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-character-recognition", "display_name": "Intelligent character recognition", "score": 0.5887831449508667}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition", "display_name": "Handwriting recognition", "score": 0.5319666266441345}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer", "display_name": "Transformer", "score": 0.5122293829917908}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "score": 0.49849534034729004}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.49462172389030457}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting", "display_name": "Handwriting", "score": 0.46896353363990784}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor", "display_name": "Preprocessor", "score": 0.4614042639732361}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning", "display_name": "Deep learning", "score": 0.460247665643692}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graph", "display_name": "Graph", "score": 0.4320318102836609}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition", "display_name": "Speech recognition", "score": 0.35688453912734985}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.34401291608810425}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction", "display_name": "Feature extraction", "score": 0.29552727937698364}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition", "display_name": "Character recognition", "score": 0.19865167140960693}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "score": 0.08571499586105347}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.8254276514053345}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.6142195463180542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C81363708", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460", "display_name": "Convolutional neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.5978816747665405}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C44868376", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089", "display_name": "Intelligent character recognition", "level": 4, "score": 0.5887831449508667}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C112640561", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634", "display_name": "Handwriting recognition", "level": 3, "score": 0.5319666266441345}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C66322947", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658", "display_name": "Transformer", "level": 3, "score": 0.5122293829917908}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50644808", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.49849534034729004}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.49462172389030457}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779386606", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642", "display_name": "Handwriting", "level": 2, "score": 0.46896353363990784}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C34736171", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333", "display_name": "Preprocessor", "level": 2, "score": 0.4614042639732361}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C108583219", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536", "display_name": "Deep learning", "level": 2, "score": 0.460247665643692}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C132525143", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488", "display_name": "Graph", "level": 2, "score": 0.4320318102836609}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C28490314", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436", "display_name": "Speech recognition", "level": 1, "score": 0.35688453912734985}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.34401291608810425}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C52622490", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626", "display_name": "Feature extraction", "level": 2, "score": 0.29552727937698364}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2987247673", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555", "display_name": "Character recognition", "level": 3, "score": 0.19865167140960693}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C80444323", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "level": 1, "score": 0.08571499586105347}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C165801399", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428", "display_name": "Voltage", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115961682", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1109/5.726791", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/5.726791", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S68686220", "display_name": "Proceedings of the IEEE", "issn_l": "0018-9219", "issn": ["0018-9219", "1558-2256"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the IEEE", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03926082v1", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://hal.science/hal-03926082", "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-03926082/document", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402512", "display_name": "HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "host_organization_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the IEEE, 1998, 86 (11), pp.2278-2324. &#x27E8;10.1109/5.726791&#x27E9;", "raw_type": "Journal articles"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03926082v1", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://hal.science/hal-03926082", "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-03926082/document", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402512", "display_name": "HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "host_organization_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the IEEE, 1998, 86 (11), pp.2278-2324. &#x27E8;10.1109/5.726791&#x27E9;", "raw_type": "Journal articles"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2112796928.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2112796928.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 135, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W19621276", "https://openalex.org/W28586472", "https://openalex.org/W66978610", "https://openalex.org/W85412639", "https://openalex.org/W98859974", "https://openalex.org/W103129759", "https://openalex.org/W146900863", "https://openalex.org/W169539560", "https://openalex.org/W183625566", "https://openalex.org/W324611197", "https://openalex.org/W413857758", "https://openalex.org/W811578723", "https://openalex.org/W1530666108", "https://openalex.org/W1544211475", "https://openalex.org/W1547224907", "https://openalex.org/W1553004968", "https://openalex.org/W1575881144", "https://openalex.org/W1597009674", "https://openalex.org/W1625762979", "https://openalex.org/W1654022110", "https://openalex.org/W1667072054", "https://openalex.org/W1676820704", "https://openalex.org/W1761621746", "https://openalex.org/W1836880760", "https://openalex.org/W1877570817", "https://openalex.org/W1919233617", "https://openalex.org/W1975113431", "https://openalex.org/W1991133427", "https://openalex.org/W1992774725", "https://openalex.org/W1994065256", "https://openalex.org/W1994530392", "https://openalex.org/W1998255116", "https://openalex.org/W1999497791", "https://openalex.org/W2006544565", "https://openalex.org/W2007857129", "https://openalex.org/W2010315761", "https://openalex.org/W2010581677", "https://openalex.org/W2030781528", "https://openalex.org/W2035526030", "https://openalex.org/W2041460909", "https://openalex.org/W2042492924", "https://openalex.org/W2046485094", "https://openalex.org/W2047121664", "https://openalex.org/W2053176763", "https://openalex.org/W2055075080", "https://openalex.org/W2056695679", "https://openalex.org/W2056763477", "https://openalex.org/W2057200159", "https://openalex.org/W2057619148", "https://openalex.org/W2060604179", "https://openalex.org/W2063541597", "https://openalex.org/W2087347434", "https://openalex.org/W2090614046", "https://openalex.org/W2091987367", "https://openalex.org/W2093717447", "https://openalex.org/W2095757522", "https://openalex.org/W2095891604", "https://openalex.org/W2097316030", "https://openalex.org/W2099070536", "https://openalex.org/W2100921332", "https://openalex.org/W2103496339", "https://openalex.org/W2104867159", "https://openalex.org/W2107878631", "https://openalex.org/W2112957975", "https://openalex.org/W2113292028", "https://openalex.org/W2115240329", "https://openalex.org/W2116360511", "https://openalex.org/W2117671523", "https://openalex.org/W2119113516", "https://openalex.org/W2124351082", "https://openalex.org/W2125529971", "https://openalex.org/W2125838338", "https://openalex.org/W2126514931", "https://openalex.org/W2128652941", "https://openalex.org/W2131877510", "https://openalex.org/W2132131403", "https://openalex.org/W2132793646", "https://openalex.org/W2132904398", "https://openalex.org/W2134267682", "https://openalex.org/W2134429390", "https://openalex.org/W2135936685", "https://openalex.org/W2137291015", "https://openalex.org/W2137440383", "https://openalex.org/W2140005396", "https://openalex.org/W2140539590", "https://openalex.org/W2141207507", "https://openalex.org/W2144354855", "https://openalex.org/W2144405074", "https://openalex.org/W2147800946", "https://openalex.org/W2148099973", "https://openalex.org/W2148295954", "https://openalex.org/W2148603752", "https://openalex.org/W2149814369", "https://openalex.org/W2151871503", "https://openalex.org/W2154579312", "https://openalex.org/W2156909104", "https://openalex.org/W2158670134", "https://openalex.org/W2161523118", "https://openalex.org/W2162794177", "https://openalex.org/W2165668746", "https://openalex.org/W2165959773", "https://openalex.org/W2166559794", "https://openalex.org/W2168263526", "https://openalex.org/W2170599822", "https://openalex.org/W2170837066", "https://openalex.org/W2171590421", "https://openalex.org/W2346626577", "https://openalex.org/W2432517183", "https://openalex.org/W2565808444", "https://openalex.org/W2566703758", "https://openalex.org/W2598912124", "https://openalex.org/W2606748186", "https://openalex.org/W2609716011", "https://openalex.org/W2728988083", "https://openalex.org/W2766736793", "https://openalex.org/W2798500587", "https://openalex.org/W3004732066", "https://openalex.org/W3016210511", "https://openalex.org/W3017143921", "https://openalex.org/W3022861191", "https://openalex.org/W3101571078", "https://openalex.org/W3139633029", "https://openalex.org/W3207021134", "https://openalex.org/W4206670532", "https://openalex.org/W4212774754", "https://openalex.org/W4301028212", "https://openalex.org/W6601183909", "https://openalex.org/W6602736415", "https://openalex.org/W6603414532", "https://openalex.org/W6604275113", "https://openalex.org/W6635935089", "https://openalex.org/W6637187546", "https://openalex.org/W6678720029", "https://openalex.org/W6682751323", "https://openalex.org/W6776675433"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4386428871", "https://openalex.org/W3199359807", "https://openalex.org/W4220954837", "https://openalex.org/W3047607512", "https://openalex.org/W3003949997", "https://openalex.org/W4390983538", "https://openalex.org/W2110485610", "https://openalex.org/W183832189", "https://openalex.org/W3163065387", "https://openalex.org/W2406729210"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Multilayer": [0], "neural": [1, 69, 172], "networks": [2, 114], "trained": [3, 122], "with": [4, 45, 77, 177], "the": [5, 9, 78, 145, 151], "back-propagation": [6], "algorithm": [7], "constitute": [8], "best": [10], "example": [11], "of": [12, 80, 96, 147, 153], "a": [13, 32, 62, 163], "successful": [14], "gradient": [15], "based": [16], "learning": [17, 25, 109], "technique.": [18], "Given": [19], "an": [20, 131], "appropriate": [21], "network": [22, 160, 173], "architecture,": [23], "gradient-based": [24, 125], "algorithms": [26], "can": [27, 37], "be": [28, 121], "used": [29], "to": [30, 54, 75, 85, 120, 129, 181], "synthesize": [31], "complex": [33], "decision": [34], "surface": [35], "that": [36], "classify": [38], "high-dimensional": [39], "patterns,": [40], "such": [41, 117], "as": [42, 128], "handwritten": [43, 55, 64], "characters,": [44], "minimal": [46], "preprocessing.": [47], "This": [48], "paper": [49], "reviews": [50], "various": [51], "methods": [52, 126], "applied": [53], "character": [56, 174], "recognition": [57, 66, 92, 140], "and": [58, 104, 150, 187, 194], "compares": [59], "them": [60], "on": [61, 185], "standard": [63], "digit": [65], "task.": [67], "Convolutional": [68], "networks,": [70], "which": [71], "are": [72, 83, 94, 141], "specifically": [73], "designed": [74], "deal": [76], "variability": [79], "2D": [81], "shapes,": [82], "shown": [84], "outperform": [86], "all": [87], "other": [88], "techniques.": [89], "Real-life": [90], "document": [91], "systems": [93, 119, 136], "composed": [95], "multiple": [97], "modules": [98], "including": [99], "field": [100], "extraction,": [101], "segmentation": [102], "recognition,": [103], "language": [105], "modeling.": [106], "A": [107, 157], "new": [108], "paradigm,": [110], "called": [111], "graph": [112, 154, 158], "transformer": [113, 155, 159], "(GTN),": [115], "allows": [116], "multimodule": [118], "globally": [123], "using": [124], "so": [127], "minimize": [130], "overall": [132], "performance": [133], "measure.": [134], "Two": [135], "for": [137, 161], "online": [138], "handwriting": [139], "described.": [142, 168], "Experiments": [143], "demonstrate": [144], "advantage": [146], "global": [148, 178], "training,": [149], "flexibility": [152], "networks.": [156], "reading": [162], "bank": [164], "cheque": [165], "is": [166, 191], "also": [167], "It": [169, 190], "uses": [170], "convolutional": [171], "recognizers": [175], "combined": [176], "training": [179], "techniques": [180], "provide": [182], "record": [183], "accuracy": [184], "business": [186], "personal": [188], "cheques.": [189], "deployed": [192], "commercially": [193], "reads": [195], "several": [196], "million": [197], "cheques": [198], "per": [199], "day.": [200]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1008}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 5855}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5844}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5999}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5760}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 7029}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 6668}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 5973}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4360}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2922}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1942}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1294}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 661}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 413}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 279}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2130410032", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506580102", "title": "Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles", "display_name": "Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles", "publication_year": 2005, "publication_date": "2005-09-30", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2130410032", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506580102", "mag": "2130410032", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16199517"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1073/pnas.0506580102", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506580102", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S125754415", "display_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "issn_l": "0027-8424", "issn": ["0027-8424", "1091-6490"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320052", "host_organization_name": "National Academy of Sciences", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["National Academy of Sciences"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1239896", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109532899", "display_name": "Aravind Subramanian", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210117453", "display_name": "Dana-Farber Cancer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jzgtq86", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Aravind Subramanian", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5017114712", "display_name": "Pablo Tamayo", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9360-4668"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210117453", "display_name": "Dana-Farber Cancer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jzgtq86", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pablo Tamayo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068971521", "display_name": "Vamsi K. Mootha", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9924-642X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210117453", "display_name": "Dana-Farber Cancer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jzgtq86", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Vamsi K. Mootha", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5014241799", "display_name": "Sayan Mukherjee", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-3920"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210117453", "display_name": "Dana-Farber Cancer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jzgtq86", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sayan Mukherjee", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070668676", "display_name": "Benjamin L. Ebert", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0197-5451"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210117453", "display_name": "Dana-Farber Cancer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jzgtq86", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Benjamin L. Ebert", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065488391", "display_name": "Michael A. Gillette", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9300-1448"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210117453", "display_name": "Dana-Farber Cancer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jzgtq86", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Michael A. Gillette", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022925020", "display_name": "Amanda G. Paulovich", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6532-6499"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210117453", "display_name": "Dana-Farber Cancer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jzgtq86", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Amanda Paulovich", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018379179", "display_name": "Scott L. Pomeroy", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2102-686X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210117453", "display_name": "Dana-Farber Cancer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jzgtq86", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Scott L. Pomeroy", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5001449157", "display_name": "Todd R. Golub", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0113-2403"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210117453", "display_name": "Dana-Farber Cancer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jzgtq86", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Todd R. Golub", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020748592", "display_name": "Eric S. Lander", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2662-4631"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210117453", "display_name": "Dana-Farber Cancer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jzgtq86", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Eric S. Lander", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5077622597", "display_name": "Jill P. Mesirov", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9755-2818"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210117453", "display_name": "Dana-Farber Cancer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jzgtq86", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jill P. Mesirov", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141;Department of Systems Biology, Alpert 536, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02446; Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine, and Applied Sciences, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Division of", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 11, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5109532899"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117453"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 107.0838, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 55590, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99998499, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "102", "issue": "43", "first_page": "15545", "last_page": "15550"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10887", "display_name": "Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10887", "display_name": "Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11482", "display_name": "RNA modifications and cancer", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10885", "display_name": "Gene expression and cancer classification", "score": 0.9991000294685364, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.6329196095466614}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.6038330793380737}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.5346248745918274}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/function", "display_name": "Function (biology)", "score": 0.4739929437637329}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression", "display_name": "Gene expression", "score": 0.4659961462020874}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/set", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "score": 0.4591900408267975}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genome", "display_name": "Genome", "score": 0.4538033604621887}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-nomenclature", "display_name": "Gene nomenclature", "score": 0.4523736238479614}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression-profiling", "display_name": "Gene expression profiling", "score": 0.4229065477848053}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.3639651834964752}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "score": 0.3416781723499298}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.2776261568069458}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.6329196095466614}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.6038330793380737}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.5346248745918274}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C14036430", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076", "display_name": "Function (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4739929437637329}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C150194340", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972", "display_name": "Gene expression", "level": 3, "score": 0.4659961462020874}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4591900408267975}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C141231307", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020", "display_name": "Genome", "level": 3, "score": 0.4538033604621887}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62177273", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5531556", "display_name": "Gene nomenclature", "level": 4, "score": 0.4523736238479614}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18431079", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502169", "display_name": "Gene expression profiling", "level": 4, "score": 0.4229065477848053}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3639651834964752}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C60644358", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3416781723499298}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.2776261568069458}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C59822182", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441", "display_name": "Botany", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C514705636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863247", "display_name": "Nomenclature", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C58642233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924", "display_name": "Taxonomy (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008175", "descriptor_name": "Lung Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008175", "descriptor_name": "Lung Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008175", "descriptor_name": "Lung Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008175", "descriptor_name": "Lung Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000401", "qualifier_name": "mortality", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008175", "descriptor_name": "Lung Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000401", "qualifier_name": "mortality", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008175", "descriptor_name": "Lung Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000401", "qualifier_name": "mortality", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015470", "descriptor_name": "Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015470", "descriptor_name": "Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015470", "descriptor_name": "Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016158", "descriptor_name": "Genes, p53", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016158", "descriptor_name": "Genes, p53", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016158", "descriptor_name": "Genes, p53", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016678", "descriptor_name": "Genome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016678", "descriptor_name": "Genome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016678", "descriptor_name": "Genome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020411", "descriptor_name": "Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020411", "descriptor_name": "Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020411", "descriptor_name": "Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020869", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression Profiling", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020869", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression Profiling", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020869", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression Profiling", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D045744", "descriptor_name": "Cell Line, Tumor", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D045744", "descriptor_name": "Cell Line, Tumor", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D045744", "descriptor_name": "Cell Line, Tumor", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D054198", "descriptor_name": "Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D054198", "descriptor_name": "Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D054198", "descriptor_name": "Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1073/pnas.0506580102", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506580102", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S125754415", "display_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "issn_l": "0027-8424", "issn": ["0027-8424", "1091-6490"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320052", "host_organization_name": "National Academy of Sciences", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["National Academy of Sciences"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:16199517", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16199517", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1239896", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1239896", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1239896", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1239896", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "raw_type": "Text"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "display_name": "Good health and well-being", "score": 0.6200000047683716}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 42, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1970156673", "https://openalex.org/W1971578865", "https://openalex.org/W1988078905", "https://openalex.org/W1996309079", "https://openalex.org/W2000771269", "https://openalex.org/W2014620140", "https://openalex.org/W2017752436", "https://openalex.org/W2022869269", "https://openalex.org/W2027670788", "https://openalex.org/W2049481764", "https://openalex.org/W2059150168", "https://openalex.org/W2073576377", "https://openalex.org/W2085442947", "https://openalex.org/W2088430282", "https://openalex.org/W2097413644", "https://openalex.org/W2108819945", "https://openalex.org/W2111476798", "https://openalex.org/W2115226431", "https://openalex.org/W2115438237", "https://openalex.org/W2123066359", "https://openalex.org/W2123106337", "https://openalex.org/W2124704116", "https://openalex.org/W2130494035", "https://openalex.org/W2131989143", "https://openalex.org/W2140405507", "https://openalex.org/W2143897224", "https://openalex.org/W2145025818", "https://openalex.org/W2150178760", "https://openalex.org/W2150382709", "https://openalex.org/W2151763757", "https://openalex.org/W2155063211", "https://openalex.org/W2160111599", "https://openalex.org/W2164895949", "https://openalex.org/W2167228936", "https://openalex.org/W2317540788", "https://openalex.org/W2323402454", "https://openalex.org/W2325343629", "https://openalex.org/W3014600732", "https://openalex.org/W3016230452", "https://openalex.org/W4246697467", "https://openalex.org/W4247420482", "https://openalex.org/W6632957151"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2009966535", "https://openalex.org/W2187207551", "https://openalex.org/W2069184423", "https://openalex.org/W1603543036", "https://openalex.org/W2376837706", "https://openalex.org/W3032874291", "https://openalex.org/W2114454856", "https://openalex.org/W2053053668", "https://openalex.org/W1971926891", "https://openalex.org/W2153230373"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Although": [0], "genomewide": [1], "RNA": [2], "expression": [3, 39], "analysis": [4, 84], "has": [5], "become": [6], "a": [7, 20, 26, 111], "routine": [8], "tool": [9], "in": [10, 95, 103, 110], "biomedical": [11], "research,": [12], "extracting": [13], "biological": [14, 59, 101], "insight": [15], "from": [16], "such": [17], "information": [18], "remains": [19], "major": [21], "challenge.": [22], "Here,": [23], "we": [24], "describe": [25], "powerful": [27], "analytical": [28], "method": [29, 42, 107], "called": [30], "Gene": [31], "Set": [32], "Enrichment": [33], "Analysis": [34], "(GSEA)": [35], "for": [36], "interpreting": [37], "gene": [38, 49, 125], "data.": [40], "The": [41, 105], "derives": [43], "its": [44], "power": [45], "by": [46], "focusing": [47], "on": [48], "sets,": [50, 75], "that": [51, 56], "is,": [52], "groups": [53], "of": [54, 92, 121], "genes": [55], "share": [57], "common": [58], "function,": [60], "chromosomal": [61], "location,": [62], "or": [63], "regulation.": [64], "We": [65], "demonstrate": [66], "how": [67], "GSEA": [68, 98, 106], "yields": [69], "insights": [70], "into": [71], "several": [72], "cancer-related": [73], "data": [74], "including": [76], "leukemia": [77], "and": [78], "lung": [79, 96], "cancer.": [80], "Notably,": [81], "where": [82], "single-gene": [83], "finds": [85], "little": [86], "similarity": [87], "between": [88], "two": [89], "independent": [90], "studies": [91], "patient": [93], "survival": [94], "cancer,": [97], "reveals": [99], "many": [100], "pathways": [102], "common.": [104], "is": [108], "embodied": [109], "freely": [112], "available": [113], "software": [114], "package,": [115], "together": [116], "with": [117], "an": [118], "initial": [119], "database": [120], "1,325": [122], "biologically": [123], "defined": [124], "sets.": [126]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1217}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 5663}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 7229}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6913}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6535}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6152}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4687}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3058}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2386}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1990}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1705}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1465}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1308}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1143}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1041}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2157823046", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629", "title": "Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test", "display_name": "Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test", "publication_year": 1997, "publication_date": "1997-09-13", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2157823046", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629", "mag": "2157823046", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9310563"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S192814187", "display_name": "BMJ", "issn_l": "0959-8138", "issn": ["0959-8138"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319945", "host_organization_name": "BMJ", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["BMJ"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "BMJ", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5077161809", "display_name": "Matthias Egger", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7462-5132"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I36234482", "display_name": "University of Bristol", "ror": "https://ror.org/0524sp257", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Matthias Egger", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol. m.egger@bristol.ac.uk", "Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol. m.egger@bristol.ac.uk", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5013184354", "display_name": "George Davey Smith", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-8314"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I36234482", "display_name": "University of Bristol", "ror": "https://ror.org/0524sp257", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "George Davey Smith", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103098101", "display_name": "Martin Schneider", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8864-6492"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I118564535", "display_name": "University of Bern", "ror": "https://ror.org/02k7v4d05", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135124", "display_name": "Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine", "ror": "https://ror.org/038esz880", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802229882", "https://openalex.org/I4210135124", "https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Martin Schneider", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Berne, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Berne, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210135124", "https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5025898289", "display_name": "C. Minder", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210135124", "display_name": "Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine", "ror": "https://ror.org/038esz880", "country_code": "CH", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802229882", "https://openalex.org/I4210135124", "https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I118564535", "display_name": "University of Bern", "ror": "https://ror.org/02k7v4d05", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Christoph Minder", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Berne, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Berne, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210135124", "https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5077161809"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I36234482"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 141.803, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 55285, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99976219, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "315", "issue": "7109", "first_page": "629", "last_page": "634"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11235", "display_name": "Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials", "score": 0.9753000140190125, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11700", "display_name": "Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy", "score": 0.9731000065803528, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2746", "display_name": "Surgery"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/funnel-plot", "display_name": "Funnel plot", "score": 0.977001428604126}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/publication-bias", "display_name": "Publication bias", "score": 0.875644326210022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis", "display_name": "Meta-analysis", "score": 0.867306113243103}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/concordance", "display_name": "Concordance", "score": 0.6982810497283936}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-regression", "display_name": "Meta-regression", "score": 0.6592282056808472}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.522966206073761}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetry", "display_name": "Asymmetry", "score": 0.4849386513233185}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.4674685001373291}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-error", "display_name": "Systematic error", "score": 0.4559803605079651}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-plot", "display_name": "Forest plot", "score": 0.4400196969509125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-size-determination", "display_name": "Sample size determination", "score": 0.4384498596191406}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.26372864842414856}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "score": 0.22908520698547363}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.06709030270576477}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C82605166", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967190", "display_name": "Funnel plot", "level": 4, "score": 0.977001428604126}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780439572", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919364", "display_name": "Publication bias", "level": 3, "score": 0.875644326210022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95190672", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382", "display_name": "Meta-analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.867306113243103}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C160798450", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4230870", "display_name": "Concordance", "level": 2, "score": 0.6982810497283936}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124936440", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822263", "display_name": "Meta-regression", "level": 3, "score": 0.6592282056808472}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.522966206073761}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C38976095", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752641", "display_name": "Asymmetry", "level": 2, "score": 0.4849386513233185}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4674685001373291}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C100253034", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372", "display_name": "Systematic error", "level": 2, "score": 0.4559803605079651}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C194661718", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437217", "display_name": "Forest plot", "level": 3, "score": 0.4400196969509125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C129848803", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360", "display_name": "Sample size determination", "level": 2, "score": 0.4384498596191406}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.26372864842414856}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.22908520698547363}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.06709030270576477}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D012044", "descriptor_name": "Regression Analysis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012044", "descriptor_name": "Regression Analysis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012044", "descriptor_name": "Regression Analysis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015982", "descriptor_name": "Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015982", "descriptor_name": "Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015982", "descriptor_name": "Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016032", "descriptor_name": "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016032", "descriptor_name": "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016032", "descriptor_name": "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016896", "descriptor_name": "Treatment Outcome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016896", "descriptor_name": "Treatment Outcome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016896", "descriptor_name": "Treatment Outcome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S192814187", "display_name": "BMJ", "issn_l": "0959-8138", "issn": ["0959-8138"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319945", "host_organization_name": "BMJ", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["BMJ"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "BMJ", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:9310563", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9310563", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "BMJ (Clinical research ed.)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2127453", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "BMJ", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2127453", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2127453", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "BMJ", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2127453", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "BMJ", "raw_type": null}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "display_name": "Good health and well-being", "score": 0.5600000023841858}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 92, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W10194002", "https://openalex.org/W56033953", "https://openalex.org/W207807409", "https://openalex.org/W297892089", "https://openalex.org/W1541048963", "https://openalex.org/W1548990295", "https://openalex.org/W1552051186", "https://openalex.org/W1690120260", "https://openalex.org/W1920261218", "https://openalex.org/W1964435302", "https://openalex.org/W1964796004", "https://openalex.org/W1966064036", "https://openalex.org/W1966953116", "https://openalex.org/W1967171762", "https://openalex.org/W1968360165", "https://openalex.org/W1968380870", "https://openalex.org/W1968524473", "https://openalex.org/W1972936145", "https://openalex.org/W1977383469", "https://openalex.org/W1982017364", "https://openalex.org/W1982301032", "https://openalex.org/W1982885757", "https://openalex.org/W1986024842", "https://openalex.org/W1987345335", "https://openalex.org/W1988861786", "https://openalex.org/W1990324195", "https://openalex.org/W1995662581", "https://openalex.org/W1995937915", "https://openalex.org/W1997447489", "https://openalex.org/W2002374079", "https://openalex.org/W2010418295", "https://openalex.org/W2011151477", "https://openalex.org/W2011932878", "https://openalex.org/W2015795623", "https://openalex.org/W2023175531", "https://openalex.org/W2024674799", "https://openalex.org/W2026858889", "https://openalex.org/W2027652926", "https://openalex.org/W2028906289", "https://openalex.org/W2030192997", "https://openalex.org/W2031760606", "https://openalex.org/W2034562813", "https://openalex.org/W2035979005", "https://openalex.org/W2036160497", "https://openalex.org/W2038886783", "https://openalex.org/W2044053804", "https://openalex.org/W2045731599", "https://openalex.org/W2045971912", "https://openalex.org/W2047680459", "https://openalex.org/W2049773889", "https://openalex.org/W2052223361", "https://openalex.org/W2053424198", "https://openalex.org/W2056590595", "https://openalex.org/W2057606887", "https://openalex.org/W2057953907", "https://openalex.org/W2060034169", "https://openalex.org/W2067498167", "https://openalex.org/W2072271529", "https://openalex.org/W2075875553", "https://openalex.org/W2076638640", "https://openalex.org/W2085798593", "https://openalex.org/W2086680637", "https://openalex.org/W2091755086", "https://openalex.org/W2092233783", "https://openalex.org/W2094064127", "https://openalex.org/W2101299963", "https://openalex.org/W2103395470", "https://openalex.org/W2112339576", "https://openalex.org/W2128859532", "https://openalex.org/W2143751244", "https://openalex.org/W2143796580", "https://openalex.org/W2155132414", "https://openalex.org/W2157102615", "https://openalex.org/W2162028237", "https://openalex.org/W2170170141", "https://openalex.org/W2171171236", "https://openalex.org/W2316873690", "https://openalex.org/W2317115473", "https://openalex.org/W2328368311", "https://openalex.org/W2470097850", "https://openalex.org/W2471961894", "https://openalex.org/W2585382523", "https://openalex.org/W2769264260", "https://openalex.org/W2895806954", "https://openalex.org/W2941787107", "https://openalex.org/W3147999441", "https://openalex.org/W4230893588", "https://openalex.org/W4242592735", "https://openalex.org/W4244488104", "https://openalex.org/W4246599781", "https://openalex.org/W4252341131", "https://openalex.org/W4293775847"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2163845393", "https://openalex.org/W2157823046", "https://openalex.org/W1970128129", "https://openalex.org/W3013952115", "https://openalex.org/W4389912466", "https://openalex.org/W4312141323", "https://openalex.org/W2011992630", "https://openalex.org/W2164093802", "https://openalex.org/W2099177143", "https://openalex.org/W2982383209"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"A": [0], "simple": [1], "analysis": [2], "of": [3, 14, 36], "funnel": [4], "plots": [5], "provides": [6], "a": [7, 33], "useful": [8], "test": [9], "for": [10], "the": [11, 20, 39], "likely": [12], "presence": [13], "bias": [15, 24], "in": [16], "meta-analyses,": [17], "but": [18], "as": [19], "capacity": [21], "to": [22], "detect": [23], "will": [25], "be": [26, 45], "limited": [27, 34], "when": [28], "meta-analyses": [29], "are": [30], "based": [31], "on": [32], "number": [35], "small": [37], "trials": [38], "results": [40], "from": [41], "such": [42], "analyses": [43], "should": [44], "treated": [46], "with": [47], "considerable": [48], "caution.": [49]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1114}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4466}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5054}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4203}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4585}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4506}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4091}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3142}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2831}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2745}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2559}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2753}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2495}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2323}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1929}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2114918609", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4", "title": "Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays", "display_name": "Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays", "publication_year": 1983, "publication_date": "1983-12-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2114918609", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4", "mag": "2114918609", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6606682"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S201669150", "display_name": "Journal of Immunological Methods", "issn_l": "0022-1759", "issn": ["0022-1759", "1872-7905"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Immunological Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078753422", "display_name": "Tim R. Mosmann", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9753-6941"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210150520", "display_name": "Cellular Research (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/04jvb9y72", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210150520"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210158086", "display_name": "Institut de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire", "ror": "https://ror.org/05qpmg879", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I4210158086", "https://openalex.org/I68947357"]}], "countries": ["FR", "US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Tim Mosmann", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Inc., 1450 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Inc., 1450 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210158086", "https://openalex.org/I4210150520"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5078753422"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210150520", "https://openalex.org/I4210158086"], "apc_list": {"value": 2520, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 2520}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 13.3725, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 55092, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99431876, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "65", "issue": "1-2", "first_page": "55", "last_page": "63"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10207", "display_name": "Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques", "score": 0.9911999702453613, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10207", "display_name": "Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques", "score": 0.9911999702453613, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10725", "display_name": "RNA Interference and Gene Delivery", "score": 0.9659000039100647, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14285", "display_name": "Biopolymer Synthesis and Applications", "score": 0.9556999802589417, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity", "display_name": "Cytotoxicity", "score": 0.8544941544532776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/formazan", "display_name": "Formazan", "score": 0.7921990156173706}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/colorimetry", "display_name": "Colorimetry", "score": 0.6767866015434265}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/lysis", "display_name": "Lysis", "score": 0.5995146632194519}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-biology", "display_name": "Molecular biology", "score": 0.5389562249183655}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-growth", "display_name": "Cell growth", "score": 0.5324040055274963}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphokine", "display_name": "Lymphokine", "score": 0.5070862770080566}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bioassay", "display_name": "Bioassay", "score": 0.504515528678894}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.4411023259162903}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.3992120027542114}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "score": 0.3459405303001404}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography", "display_name": "Chromatography", "score": 0.3198983669281006}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vitro", "display_name": "In vitro", "score": 0.2898883521556854}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C109316439", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246181", "display_name": "Cytotoxicity", "level": 3, "score": 0.8544941544532776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776892249", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2324668", "display_name": "Formazan", "level": 2, "score": 0.7921990156173706}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C64299311", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374535", "display_name": "Colorimetry", "level": 2, "score": 0.6767866015434265}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C57409179", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1218293", "display_name": "Lysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.5995146632194519}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153911025", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202", "display_name": "Molecular biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5389562249183655}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62112901", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189159", "display_name": "Cell growth", "level": 2, "score": 0.5324040055274963}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49382859", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286498", "display_name": "Lymphokine", "level": 3, "score": 0.5070862770080566}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104488531", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864212", "display_name": "Bioassay", "level": 2, "score": 0.504515528678894}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.4411023259162903}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.3992120027542114}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.3459405303001404}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050", "display_name": "Chromatography", "level": 1, "score": 0.3198983669281006}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C202751555", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681", "display_name": "In vitro", "level": 2, "score": 0.2898883521556854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002460", "descriptor_name": "Cell Line", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002460", "descriptor_name": "Cell Line", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002460", "descriptor_name": "Cell Line", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002470", "descriptor_name": "Cell Survival", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002470", "descriptor_name": "Cell Survival", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002470", "descriptor_name": "Cell Survival", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003124", "descriptor_name": "Colorimetry", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003124", "descriptor_name": "Colorimetry", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003124", "descriptor_name": "Colorimetry", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003208", "descriptor_name": "Concanavalin A", "qualifier_ui": "Q000494", "qualifier_name": "pharmacology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003208", "descriptor_name": "Concanavalin A", "qualifier_ui": "Q000494", "qualifier_name": "pharmacology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003208", "descriptor_name": "Concanavalin A", "qualifier_ui": "Q000494", "qualifier_name": "pharmacology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003601", "descriptor_name": "Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003601", "descriptor_name": "Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003601", "descriptor_name": "Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004306", "descriptor_name": "Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004306", "descriptor_name": "Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004306", "descriptor_name": "Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007376", "descriptor_name": "Interleukin-2", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007376", "descriptor_name": "Interleukin-2", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007376", "descriptor_name": "Interleukin-2", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008070", "descriptor_name": "Lipopolysaccharides", "qualifier_ui": "Q000494", "qualifier_name": "pharmacology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008070", "descriptor_name": "Lipopolysaccharides", "qualifier_ui": "Q000494", "qualifier_name": "pharmacology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008070", "descriptor_name": "Lipopolysaccharides", "qualifier_ui": "Q000494", "qualifier_name": "pharmacology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008213", "descriptor_name": "Lymphocyte Activation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008213", "descriptor_name": "Lymphocyte Activation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008213", "descriptor_name": "Lymphocyte Activation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008214", "descriptor_name": "Lymphocytes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000276", "qualifier_name": "immunology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008214", "descriptor_name": "Lymphocytes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000276", "qualifier_name": "immunology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008214", "descriptor_name": "Lymphocytes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000276", "qualifier_name": "immunology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008214", "descriptor_name": "Lymphocytes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008214", "descriptor_name": "Lymphocytes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008214", "descriptor_name": "Lymphocytes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008223", "descriptor_name": "Lymphoma", "qualifier_ui": "Q000276", "qualifier_name": "immunology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008223", "descriptor_name": "Lymphoma", "qualifier_ui": "Q000276", "qualifier_name": "immunology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008223", "descriptor_name": "Lymphoma", "qualifier_ui": "Q000276", "qualifier_name": "immunology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008262", "descriptor_name": "Macrophage Activation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008262", "descriptor_name": "Macrophage Activation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008262", "descriptor_name": "Macrophage Activation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008807", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Inbred BALB C", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008807", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Inbred BALB C", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008807", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Inbred BALB C", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013778", "descriptor_name": "Tetrazolium Salts", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013778", "descriptor_name": "Tetrazolium Salts", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013778", "descriptor_name": "Tetrazolium Salts", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013844", "descriptor_name": "Thiazoles", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013844", "descriptor_name": "Thiazoles", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013844", "descriptor_name": "Thiazoles", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S201669150", "display_name": "Journal of Immunological Methods", "issn_l": "0022-1759", "issn": ["0022-1759", "1872-7905"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Immunological Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:6606682", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6606682", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of immunological methods", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 5, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W87350884", "https://openalex.org/W1566271574", "https://openalex.org/W1576863849", "https://openalex.org/W1984359046", "https://openalex.org/W2140985128"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2028065729", "https://openalex.org/W2095002823", "https://openalex.org/W2471666874", "https://openalex.org/W2347102257", "https://openalex.org/W2033657778", "https://openalex.org/W1980613837", "https://openalex.org/W2132246695", "https://openalex.org/W2316115128", "https://openalex.org/W2374987228", "https://openalex.org/W2090125712"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 446}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2077}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2199}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2337}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2460}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2539}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2621}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2552}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2541}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2447}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2458}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2472}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2511}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2373}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2324}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2106787323", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.20107", "title": "Global cancer statistics", "display_name": "Global cancer statistics", "publication_year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-02-04", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2106787323", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.20107", "mag": "2106787323", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21296855"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3322/caac.20107", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.20107", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.20107", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S126094547", "display_name": "CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "issn_l": "0007-9235", "issn": ["0007-9235", "1542-4863"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "diamond", "oa_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.20107", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009198168", "display_name": "Ahmedin Jemal", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-4111"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1288198617", "display_name": "American Cancer Society", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e463172", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Ahmedin Jemal", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA. ahmedin.jemal@cancer.org", "Vice President, Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA. ahmedin.jemal@cancer.org", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Vice President, Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5064215217", "display_name": "Freddie Bray", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3248-7787"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I42237331", "display_name": "Centre international de recherche sur le cancer", "ror": "https://ror.org/00v452281", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654", "https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Freddie Bray", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Deputy Head, Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France;", "Deputy Head, Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Deputy Head, Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France;", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Deputy Head, Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5051830072", "display_name": "Jacques Ferlay", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-6932"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1288198617", "display_name": "American Cancer Society", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e463172", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I42237331", "display_name": "Centre international de recherche sur le cancer", "ror": "https://ror.org/00v452281", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654", "https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}], "countries": ["FR", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jacques Ferlay", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Informatics Officer, Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France;", "Epidemiologist, Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Informatics Officer, Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France;", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Epidemiologist, Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101396776", "display_name": "Elizabeth Ward", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3575-6639"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1288198617", "display_name": "American Cancer Society", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e463172", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I42237331", "display_name": "Centre international de recherche sur le cancer", "ror": "https://ror.org/00v452281", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654", "https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}], "countries": ["FR", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Elizabeth Ward", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Vice President, Intramural Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA;", "Informatics Officer, Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Vice President, Intramural Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA;", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Informatics Officer, Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111768129", "display_name": "David Forman", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1288198617", "display_name": "American Cancer Society", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e463172", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I42237331", "display_name": "Centre international de recherche sur le cancer", "ror": "https://ror.org/00v452281", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654", "https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}], "countries": ["FR", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David Forman", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Head, Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France", "National Vice President, Intramural Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Head, Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I42237331"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "National Vice President, Intramural Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5009198168"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 2451.1896, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 55014, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "61", "issue": "2", "first_page": "69", "last_page": "90"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10552", "display_name": "Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection", "score": 0.9955999851226807, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2730", "display_name": "Oncology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10552", "display_name": "Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection", "score": 0.9955999851226807, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2730", "display_name": "Oncology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10556", "display_name": "Global Cancer Incidence and Screening", "score": 0.9955999851226807, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2730", "display_name": "Oncology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10146", "display_name": "Cervical Cancer and HPV Research", "score": 0.9646000266075134, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2713", "display_name": "Epidemiology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.8977848291397095}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.6058022379875183}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-incidence", "display_name": "Cancer incidence", "score": 0.6050009727478027}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence", "display_name": "Incidence (geometry)", "score": 0.5758281946182251}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer", "display_name": "Cancer", "score": 0.5480802059173584}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/demography", "display_name": "Demography", "score": 0.41905999183654785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "score": 0.12165439128875732}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.8977848291397095}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.6058022379875183}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2992704333", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5382717", "display_name": "Cancer incidence", "level": 3, "score": 0.6050009727478027}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C61511704", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857", "display_name": "Incidence (geometry)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5758281946182251}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121608353", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078", "display_name": "Cancer", "level": 2, "score": 0.5480802059173584}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149923435", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732", "display_name": "Demography", "level": 1, "score": 0.41905999183654785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.12165439128875732}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009369", "descriptor_name": "Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D038622", "descriptor_name": "Internationality", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D038622", "descriptor_name": "Internationality", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D038622", "descriptor_name": "Internationality", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.3322/caac.20107", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.20107", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.20107", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S126094547", "display_name": "CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "issn_l": "0007-9235", "issn": ["0007-9235", "1542-4863"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:21296855", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21296855", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "CA: a cancer journal for clinicians", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.3322/caac.20107", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.20107", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3322/caac.20107", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S126094547", "display_name": "CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "issn_l": "0007-9235", "issn": ["0007-9235", "1542-4863"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "display_name": "Good health and well-being", "score": 0.6299999952316284}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2106787323.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2106787323.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 192, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W70349491", "https://openalex.org/W117544409", "https://openalex.org/W166144408", "https://openalex.org/W643960400", "https://openalex.org/W1258906572", "https://openalex.org/W1492157159", "https://openalex.org/W1524720774", "https://openalex.org/W1541776008", "https://openalex.org/W1553629958", "https://openalex.org/W1585124497", "https://openalex.org/W1638654994", "https://openalex.org/W1759514589", "https://openalex.org/W1864209873", "https://openalex.org/W1879106638", "https://openalex.org/W1905184110", "https://openalex.org/W1911761611", "https://openalex.org/W1935994339", "https://openalex.org/W1967814209", "https://openalex.org/W1971183831", "https://openalex.org/W1971965404", "https://openalex.org/W1974062822", "https://openalex.org/W1975563887", "https://openalex.org/W1975989949", "https://openalex.org/W1976538114", "https://openalex.org/W1978496731", "https://openalex.org/W1980351918", "https://openalex.org/W1980989148", "https://openalex.org/W1981989535", "https://openalex.org/W1988399301", "https://openalex.org/W1989527459", "https://openalex.org/W1991030978", "https://openalex.org/W1992262527", "https://openalex.org/W1993815702", "https://openalex.org/W1994618270", "https://openalex.org/W1994863727", "https://openalex.org/W1994998567", "https://openalex.org/W1995048352", "https://openalex.org/W1996143085", "https://openalex.org/W1997343063", "https://openalex.org/W2000336618", "https://openalex.org/W2001543371", "https://openalex.org/W2002710886", "https://openalex.org/W2002793133", "https://openalex.org/W2005312471", "https://openalex.org/W2006200510", "https://openalex.org/W2010948558", "https://openalex.org/W2011152729", "https://openalex.org/W2011574439", "https://openalex.org/W2012168989", "https://openalex.org/W2019075819", "https://openalex.org/W2019226655", "https://openalex.org/W2022573759", "https://openalex.org/W2023167790", "https://openalex.org/W2025948439", "https://openalex.org/W2026946589", "https://openalex.org/W2027065571", "https://openalex.org/W2027107462", "https://openalex.org/W2027506815", "https://openalex.org/W2028651012", "https://openalex.org/W2028758880", "https://openalex.org/W2030593198", "https://openalex.org/W2031306701", "https://openalex.org/W2033156615", "https://openalex.org/W2037948309", "https://openalex.org/W2038777574", "https://openalex.org/W2039745983", "https://openalex.org/W2041614937", "https://openalex.org/W2043002015", "https://openalex.org/W2044608007", "https://openalex.org/W2046686567", "https://openalex.org/W2048359072", "https://openalex.org/W2050533871", "https://openalex.org/W2056008056", "https://openalex.org/W2056827569", "https://openalex.org/W2057977939", "https://openalex.org/W2058250738", "https://openalex.org/W2058254371", "https://openalex.org/W2059061584", "https://openalex.org/W2059072983", "https://openalex.org/W2059267594", "https://openalex.org/W2060470792", "https://openalex.org/W2060763328", "https://openalex.org/W2061178459", "https://openalex.org/W2062216607", "https://openalex.org/W2066648341", "https://openalex.org/W2069304635", "https://openalex.org/W2070691701", "https://openalex.org/W2075274658", "https://openalex.org/W2076244798", "https://openalex.org/W2077475521", "https://openalex.org/W2078531409", "https://openalex.org/W2079486618", "https://openalex.org/W2079494912", "https://openalex.org/W2079572370", "https://openalex.org/W2079955663", "https://openalex.org/W2080267655", "https://openalex.org/W2081522627", "https://openalex.org/W2081534618", "https://openalex.org/W2081776872", "https://openalex.org/W2081911461", "https://openalex.org/W2083375435", "https://openalex.org/W2087870203", "https://openalex.org/W2089300758", "https://openalex.org/W2092444220", "https://openalex.org/W2093364314", "https://openalex.org/W2094230188", "https://openalex.org/W2095761465", "https://openalex.org/W2096712598", "https://openalex.org/W2098491904", "https://openalex.org/W2102673605", "https://openalex.org/W2107140582", "https://openalex.org/W2111247797", "https://openalex.org/W2113422684", "https://openalex.org/W2114328084", "https://openalex.org/W2115641957", "https://openalex.org/W2119805230", "https://openalex.org/W2122992204", "https://openalex.org/W2125796140", "https://openalex.org/W2126945850", "https://openalex.org/W2128732636", "https://openalex.org/W2130297731", "https://openalex.org/W2131553001", "https://openalex.org/W2132239791", "https://openalex.org/W2132528779", "https://openalex.org/W2132900617", "https://openalex.org/W2133423870", "https://openalex.org/W2134175543", "https://openalex.org/W2134644558", "https://openalex.org/W2137624131", "https://openalex.org/W2138424758", "https://openalex.org/W2140481064", "https://openalex.org/W2140660285", "https://openalex.org/W2141024484", "https://openalex.org/W2143820284", "https://openalex.org/W2144635719", "https://openalex.org/W2145426305", "https://openalex.org/W2146233513", "https://openalex.org/W2148800999", "https://openalex.org/W2148818765", "https://openalex.org/W2150286564", "https://openalex.org/W2150337151", "https://openalex.org/W2151379741", "https://openalex.org/W2152576550", "https://openalex.org/W2154007598", "https://openalex.org/W2156173906", "https://openalex.org/W2158180864", "https://openalex.org/W2158914520", "https://openalex.org/W2158922990", "https://openalex.org/W2159292095", "https://openalex.org/W2159788418", "https://openalex.org/W2164856565", "https://openalex.org/W2165693726", "https://openalex.org/W2166609686", "https://openalex.org/W2168497973", "https://openalex.org/W2181523259", "https://openalex.org/W2274238667", "https://openalex.org/W2275599699", "https://openalex.org/W2322310797", "https://openalex.org/W2326637772", "https://openalex.org/W2408947131", "https://openalex.org/W2471293891", "https://openalex.org/W2471538622", "https://openalex.org/W2484656965", "https://openalex.org/W2491541646", "https://openalex.org/W2491954529", "https://openalex.org/W2534681847", "https://openalex.org/W2890054048", "https://openalex.org/W2972201440", "https://openalex.org/W2992644483", "https://openalex.org/W3000617624", "https://openalex.org/W3142001192", "https://openalex.org/W3148445834", "https://openalex.org/W4214755598", "https://openalex.org/W4234507149", "https://openalex.org/W4235437899", "https://openalex.org/W4246748514", "https://openalex.org/W4247483179", "https://openalex.org/W4249726440", "https://openalex.org/W4249797929", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W6628288969", "https://openalex.org/W6637844270", "https://openalex.org/W6639561270", "https://openalex.org/W6639874237", "https://openalex.org/W6640161597", "https://openalex.org/W6645581832", "https://openalex.org/W6678559304", "https://openalex.org/W6680645053", "https://openalex.org/W6680924859", "https://openalex.org/W6682742733", "https://openalex.org/W6684924675", "https://openalex.org/W6685925153"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1922851888", "https://openalex.org/W2186113122", "https://openalex.org/W1523310174", "https://openalex.org/W2363171232", "https://openalex.org/W2531913951", "https://openalex.org/W2100632149", "https://openalex.org/W2073096996", "https://openalex.org/W2238700386", "https://openalex.org/W4403492255", "https://openalex.org/W2422901576"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "global": [1], "burden": [2, 165, 179, 257], "of": [3, 10, 15, 23, 55, 58, 63, 84, 92, 99, 114, 122, 135, 156, 188, 234, 237, 254, 258, 266, 319], "cancer": [4, 41, 46, 73, 79, 85, 95, 101, 104, 108, 118, 125, 128, 136, 157, 168, 192, 196, 216, 259, 268], "continues": [5], "to": [6, 50, 225, 246], "increase": [7], "largely": [8], "because": [9, 233], "the": [11, 16, 34, 59, 64, 68, 75, 81, 93, 100, 106, 115, 123, 132, 147, 152, 163, 178, 189, 200, 208, 214, 255, 264, 317], "aging": [12], "and": [13, 43, 61, 80, 97, 120, 243, 248, 271, 281, 284, 287, 298, 307], "growth": [14], "world": [17, 202, 210], "population": [18], "alongside": [19], "an": [20, 312], "increasing": [21], "adoption": [22], "cancer-causing": [24], "behaviors,": [25], "particularly": [26], "smoking,": [27], "in": [28, 53, 67, 110, 140, 171, 199, 207, 211, 228, 315], "economically": [29, 69, 141], "developing": [30, 70, 142, 172, 201, 229], "countries.": [31], "Based": [32], "on": [33], "GLOBOCAN": [35], "2008": [36], "estimates,": [37], "about": [38], "12.7": [39], "million": [40, 45], "cases": [42, 60, 96, 119], "7.6": [44], "deaths": [47, 65], "are": [48, 203, 219], "estimated": [49], "have": [51], "occurred": [52, 66], "2008;": [54], "these,": [56], "56%": [57], "64%": [62], "world.": [71], "Breast": [72, 127], "is": [74, 105, 129, 174], "most": [76, 153, 231], "frequently": [77], "diagnosed": [78], "leading": [82, 107, 133], "cause": [83, 134, 155], "death": [86, 137, 158], "among": [87, 138, 169], "females,": [88], "accounting": [89, 185], "for": [90, 166, 180, 186, 275], "23%": [91, 121], "total": [94, 116, 124, 190], "14%": [98], "deaths.": [102, 126, 193], "Lung": [103], "site": [109], "males,": [111], "comprising": [112], "17%": [113], "new": [117], "now": [130], "also": [131], "females": [139, 170], "countries,": [143, 230], "a": [144, 235, 238, 299], "shift": [145], "from": [146], "previous": [148], "decade": [149], "during": [150], "which": [151], "common": [154], "was": [159], "cervical": [160, 181, 282], "cancer.": [161], "Further,": [162], "mortality": [164, 217], "lung": [167], "countries": [173], "as": [175, 177, 289, 291], "high": [176], "cancer,": [182], "with": [183], "each": [184], "11%": [187], "female": [191], "Although": [194], "overall": [195, 215], "incidence": [197], "rates": [198, 218], "half": [204], "those": [205], "seen": [206], "developed": [209], "both": [212], "sexes,": [213], "generally": [220], "similar.": [221], "Cancer": [222], "survival": [223], "tends": [224], "be": [226, 261], "poorer": [227], "likely": [232], "combination": [236], "late": [239], "stage": [240], "at": [241], "diagnosis": [242], "limited": [244], "access": [245], "timely": [247], "standard": [249], "treatment.": [250], "A": [251], "substantial": [252], "proportion": [253], "worldwide": [256], "could": [260], "prevented": [262], "through": [263], "application": [265, 318], "existing": [267], "control": [269], "knowledge": [270], "by": [272], "implementing": [273], "programs": [274], "tobacco": [276], "control,": [277], "vaccination": [278], "(for": [279], "liver": [280], "cancers),": [283], "early": [285], "detection": [286], "treatment,": [288], "well": [290], "public": [292, 304], "health": [293, 305], "campaigns": [294], "promoting": [295], "physical": [296], "activity": [297], "healthier": [300], "dietary": [301], "intake.": [302], "Clinicians,": [303], "professionals,": [306], "policy": [308], "makers": [309], "can": [310], "play": [311], "active": [313], "role": [314], "accelerating": [316], "such": [320], "interventions": [321], "globally.": [322]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 36}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 320}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 562}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 792}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1130}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2350}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3065}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3623}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4036}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4536}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 5167}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 6185}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 6001}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 5264}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3955}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2151103935", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1023/b:visi.0000029664.99615.94", "title": "Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints", "display_name": "Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints", "publication_year": 2004, "publication_date": "2004-06-02", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2151103935", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1023/b:visi.0000029664.99615.94", "mag": "2151103935"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1023/b:visi.0000029664.99615.94", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1023/b:visi.0000029664.99615.94", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S25538012", "display_name": "International Journal of Computer Vision", "issn_l": "0920-5691", "issn": ["0920-5691", "1573-1405"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "International Journal of Computer Vision", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055202003", "display_name": "David Lowe", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3332-483X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I141945490", "display_name": "University of British Columbia", "ror": "https://ror.org/03rmrcq20", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "David G. Lowe", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computer Science Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Science Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5055202003"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I141945490"], "apc_list": {"value": 2890, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 3690}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 20386.4063, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 54857, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "60", "issue": "2", "first_page": "91", "last_page": "110"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10191", "display_name": "Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2202", "display_name": "Aerospace Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10191", "display_name": "Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2202", "display_name": "Aerospace Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10627", "display_name": "Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12549", "display_name": "Image and Object Detection Techniques", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.7958396673202515}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.7189508676528931}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter", "display_name": "Clutter", "score": 0.661230206489563}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/affine-transformation", "display_name": "Affine transformation", "score": 0.5778087377548218}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.573537290096283}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition", "display_name": "Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition", "score": 0.5690328478813171}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision", "display_name": "Computer vision", "score": 0.5563133955001831}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant", "display_name": "Invariant (physics)", "score": 0.538766622543335}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hough-transform", "display_name": "Hough transform", "score": 0.48619669675827026}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-single-object-recognition", "display_name": "3D single-object recognition", "score": 0.4627784192562103}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-invariant-feature-transform", "display_name": "Scale-invariant feature transform", "score": 0.46095210313796997}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction", "display_name": "Feature extraction", "score": 0.3590019941329956}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.33067065477371216}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "score": 0.289537250995636}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/radar", "display_name": "Radar", "score": 0.12759986519813538}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.7958396673202515}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7189508676528931}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C132094186", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585", "display_name": "Clutter", "level": 3, "score": 0.661230206489563}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C92757383", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382497", "display_name": "Affine transformation", "level": 2, "score": 0.5778087377548218}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.573537290096283}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C64876066", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226", "display_name": "Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition", "level": 3, "score": 0.5690328478813171}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C31972630", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240", "display_name": "Computer vision", "level": 1, "score": 0.5563133955001831}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C190470478", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229", "display_name": "Invariant (physics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.538766622543335}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C200518788", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195076", "display_name": "Hough transform", "level": 3, "score": 0.48619669675827026}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C14551309", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636325", "display_name": "3D single-object recognition", "level": 4, "score": 0.4627784192562103}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C61265191", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767770", "display_name": "Scale-invariant feature transform", "level": 3, "score": 0.46095210313796997}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C52622490", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626", "display_name": "Feature extraction", "level": 2, "score": 0.3590019941329956}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.33067065477371216}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115961682", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.289537250995636}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C554190296", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528", "display_name": "Radar", "level": 2, "score": 0.12759986519813538}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C202444582", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863", "display_name": "Pure mathematics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C37914503", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495", "display_name": "Mathematical physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C76155785", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418", "display_name": "Telecommunications", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 11, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1023/b:visi.0000029664.99615.94", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1023/b:visi.0000029664.99615.94", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S25538012", "display_name": "International Journal of Computer Vision", "issn_l": "0920-5691", "issn": ["0920-5691", "1573-1405"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "International Journal of Computer Vision", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.157.3843", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.157.3843", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~misha/ReadingSeminar/Papers/Lowe04.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.2.8899", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.2.8899", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~lowe/papers/ijcv04.ps", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.217.122", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.217.122", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.cs.unr.edu/~bebis/CS773C/ObjectRecognition/Papers/Lowe04.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.219.4174", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.219.4174", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.cnbc.cmu.edu/cns/papers/lowe.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.309.3066", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.309.3066", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~lowe/papers/ijcv04.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.313.1996", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.313.1996", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~nray1/CMPUT615/SVM/SIFT.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.320.1039", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.320.1039", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.ece.uvic.ca/~aalbu/computer vision 2010/sift-ijcv 2004.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.335.7609", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.335.7609", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://web.eecs.umich.edu/~silvio/teaching/EECS598/papers/lowe.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.73.2924", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.73.2924", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~lowe/papers/ijcv04.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.91.4186", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.91.4186", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~hager/teaching/cs461/LoweIJCV.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10", "display_name": "Reduced inequalities", "score": 0.5099999904632568}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 50, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W19720318", "https://openalex.org/W22745672", "https://openalex.org/W1539520144", "https://openalex.org/W1541642243", "https://openalex.org/W1558156353", "https://openalex.org/W1560959218", "https://openalex.org/W1676552347", "https://openalex.org/W1681491849", "https://openalex.org/W1949116567", "https://openalex.org/W1976595761", "https://openalex.org/W2005433550", "https://openalex.org/W2011891945", "https://openalex.org/W2012778485", "https://openalex.org/W2022735534", "https://openalex.org/W2024668293", "https://openalex.org/W2027089475", "https://openalex.org/W2033819227", "https://openalex.org/W2034501924", "https://openalex.org/W2042243448", "https://openalex.org/W2056313036", "https://openalex.org/W2071866949", "https://openalex.org/W2085207288", "https://openalex.org/W2096077837", "https://openalex.org/W2096600681", "https://openalex.org/W2096680898", "https://openalex.org/W2103497972", "https://openalex.org/W2104241941", "https://openalex.org/W2106002764", "https://openalex.org/W2109863423", "https://openalex.org/W2110826265", "https://openalex.org/W2111308925", "https://openalex.org/W2124087378", "https://openalex.org/W2124386111", "https://openalex.org/W2124404372", "https://openalex.org/W2143539328", "https://openalex.org/W2145713909", "https://openalex.org/W2147237076", "https://openalex.org/W2149646227", "https://openalex.org/W2149814923", "https://openalex.org/W2154422044", "https://openalex.org/W2160835070", "https://openalex.org/W2162601563", "https://openalex.org/W2165497495", "https://openalex.org/W2169351022", "https://openalex.org/W2427881153", "https://openalex.org/W6600769931", "https://openalex.org/W6632249784", "https://openalex.org/W6633571484", "https://openalex.org/W6653745841", "https://openalex.org/W6676598158"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2124566234", "https://openalex.org/W2553945284", "https://openalex.org/W2182443753", "https://openalex.org/W2330829846", "https://openalex.org/W2134444175", "https://openalex.org/W2164713242", "https://openalex.org/W2404729837", "https://openalex.org/W2945899487", "https://openalex.org/W2067511866", "https://openalex.org/W2744160734"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 392}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2326}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2542}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2658}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2705}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3104}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2975}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3276}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3257}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3398}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3520}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3767}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3579}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3356}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3003}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2092157292", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3382344", "title": "A consistent and accurate<i>ab initio</i>parametrization of density functional dispersion correction (DFT-D) for the 94 elements H-Pu", "display_name": "A consistent and accurate<i>ab initio</i>parametrization of density functional dispersion correction (DFT-D) for the 94 elements H-Pu", "publication_year": 2010, "publication_date": "2010-04-16", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2092157292", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3382344", "mag": "2092157292", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20423165"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1063/1.3382344", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3382344", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S77047749", "display_name": "The Journal of Chemical Physics", "issn_l": "0021-9606", "issn": ["0021-9606", "1089-7690", "1520-9032"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of Chemical Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042863303", "display_name": "Stefan Grimme", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5844-4371"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I22465464", "display_name": "University of M\u00fcnster", "ror": "https://ror.org/00pd74e08", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Stefan Grimme", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, , Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, , Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5064817771", "display_name": "Jens Antony", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I22465464", "display_name": "University of M\u00fcnster", "ror": "https://ror.org/00pd74e08", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jens Antony", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, , Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, , Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5046284587", "display_name": "Stephan Ehrlich", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6594-4710"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I22465464", "display_name": "University of M\u00fcnster", "ror": "https://ror.org/00pd74e08", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Stephan Ehrlich", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, , Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, , Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011411945", "display_name": "Helge Krieg", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I22465464", "display_name": "University of M\u00fcnster", "ror": "https://ror.org/00pd74e08", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Helge Krieg", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, , Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, , Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5042863303"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22465464"], "apc_list": {"value": 3500, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3500}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 303.6297, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 54812, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99998336, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "132", "issue": "15", "first_page": "154104", "last_page": "154104"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10798", "display_name": "Crystallography and molecular interactions", "score": 0.9994000196456909, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1606", "display_name": "Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12646", "display_name": "Inorganic Fluorides and Related Compounds", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1604", "display_name": "Inorganic Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/density-functional-theory", "display_name": "Density functional theory", "score": 0.6994358897209167}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dispersion", "display_name": "Dispersion (optics)", "score": 0.5735743641853333}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ab-initio", "display_name": "Ab initio", "score": 0.504574179649353}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/parametrization", "display_name": "Parametrization (atmospheric modeling)", "score": 0.4866662621498108}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/intramolecular-force", "display_name": "Intramolecular force", "score": 0.4727902114391327}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/range", "display_name": "Range (aeronautics)", "score": 0.46517205238342285}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "score": 0.4509361684322357}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-chemistry", "display_name": "Computational chemistry", "score": 0.4308455288410187}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cutoff", "display_name": "Cutoff", "score": 0.42781898379325867}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/basis-set", "display_name": "Basis set", "score": 0.4155789613723755}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation", "display_name": "Standard deviation", "score": 0.41344454884529114}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.41028547286987305}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.3671424388885498}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-physics", "display_name": "Molecular physics", "score": 0.3474973440170288}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.32702866196632385}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.3106813430786133}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.3072749972343445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.09649977087974548}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C152365726", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048589", "display_name": "Density functional theory", "level": 2, "score": 0.6994358897209167}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177562468", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893", "display_name": "Dispersion (optics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5735743641853333}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781442258", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46310", "display_name": "Ab initio", "level": 2, "score": 0.504574179649353}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C202887219", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3895221", "display_name": "Parametrization (atmospheric modeling)", "level": 3, "score": 0.4866662621498108}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C75079739", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571801", "display_name": "Intramolecular force", "level": 2, "score": 0.4727902114391327}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C204323151", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424", "display_name": "Range (aeronautics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.46517205238342285}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121864883", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4509361684322357}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147597530", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472", "display_name": "Computational chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.4308455288410187}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778217198", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556977", "display_name": "Cutoff", "level": 2, "score": 0.42781898379325867}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C65956243", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664086", "display_name": "Basis set", "level": 3, "score": 0.4155789613723755}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C22679943", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375", "display_name": "Standard deviation", "level": 2, "score": 0.41344454884529114}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.41028547286987305}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.3671424388885498}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41999313", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489328", "display_name": "Molecular physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3474973440170288}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.32702866196632385}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3106813430786133}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3072749972343445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.09649977087974548}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790", "display_name": "Composite material", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C74902906", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858", "display_name": "Radiative transfer", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1063/1.3382344", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3382344", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S77047749", "display_name": "The Journal of Chemical Physics", "issn_l": "0021-9606", "issn": ["0021-9606", "1089-7690", "1520-9032"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of Chemical Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:20423165", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20423165", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of chemical physics", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7", "display_name": "Affordable and clean energy", "score": 0.47999998927116394}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 121, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1496557724", "https://openalex.org/W1525180030", "https://openalex.org/W1538688817", "https://openalex.org/W1966400780", "https://openalex.org/W1967411343", "https://openalex.org/W1969642746", "https://openalex.org/W1970607338", "https://openalex.org/W1970835510", "https://openalex.org/W1971803965", "https://openalex.org/W1973025455", "https://openalex.org/W1973590575", "https://openalex.org/W1974431983", "https://openalex.org/W1978849007", "https://openalex.org/W1979852875", "https://openalex.org/W1980299655", "https://openalex.org/W1981049088", "https://openalex.org/W1981368803", "https://openalex.org/W1981607309", "https://openalex.org/W1981807278", "https://openalex.org/W1983656816", "https://openalex.org/W1986518757", "https://openalex.org/W1986606172", "https://openalex.org/W1988091937", "https://openalex.org/W1988978400", "https://openalex.org/W1989106520", "https://openalex.org/W1989224265", "https://openalex.org/W1990262261", "https://openalex.org/W1993397673", "https://openalex.org/W1993988797", "https://openalex.org/W1994120367", "https://openalex.org/W1995792670", "https://openalex.org/W1998613997", "https://openalex.org/W1999602691", "https://openalex.org/W2001014236", "https://openalex.org/W2003286577", "https://openalex.org/W2005236112", "https://openalex.org/W2005446238", "https://openalex.org/W2006448954", "https://openalex.org/W2008423326", "https://openalex.org/W2012326992", "https://openalex.org/W2013059500", "https://openalex.org/W2015794382", "https://openalex.org/W2017356628", "https://openalex.org/W2018181242", "https://openalex.org/W2020753702", "https://openalex.org/W2021154578", "https://openalex.org/W2021767732", "https://openalex.org/W2023271753", "https://openalex.org/W2028117546", "https://openalex.org/W2028993363", "https://openalex.org/W2030686702", "https://openalex.org/W2030687437", "https://openalex.org/W2032719166", "https://openalex.org/W2033121558", "https://openalex.org/W2034465848", "https://openalex.org/W2037210960", "https://openalex.org/W2037238822", "https://openalex.org/W2038305447", "https://openalex.org/W2039305094", "https://openalex.org/W2042796027", "https://openalex.org/W2044591029", "https://openalex.org/W2047524879", "https://openalex.org/W2049299338", "https://openalex.org/W2050480585", "https://openalex.org/W2051245001", "https://openalex.org/W2053415214", "https://openalex.org/W2054910013", "https://openalex.org/W2056392825", "https://openalex.org/W2056871520", "https://openalex.org/W2058210956", "https://openalex.org/W2059009347", "https://openalex.org/W2059885388", "https://openalex.org/W2060079271", "https://openalex.org/W2060491737", "https://openalex.org/W2060718226", "https://openalex.org/W2063482580", "https://openalex.org/W2063795972", "https://openalex.org/W2064142965", "https://openalex.org/W2069080629", "https://openalex.org/W2072754743", "https://openalex.org/W2079595805", "https://openalex.org/W2080709819", "https://openalex.org/W2080864929", "https://openalex.org/W2081939952", "https://openalex.org/W2082037815", "https://openalex.org/W2082691688", "https://openalex.org/W2085336624", "https://openalex.org/W2085765296", "https://openalex.org/W2086497428", "https://openalex.org/W2086821139", "https://openalex.org/W2086957099", "https://openalex.org/W2089519452", "https://openalex.org/W2092157292", "https://openalex.org/W2095100262", "https://openalex.org/W2098985212", "https://openalex.org/W2101081751", "https://openalex.org/W2102807619", "https://openalex.org/W2104873860", "https://openalex.org/W2104904880", "https://openalex.org/W2106784956", "https://openalex.org/W2111004309", "https://openalex.org/W2112850441", "https://openalex.org/W2113382674", "https://openalex.org/W2126383912", "https://openalex.org/W2140886907", "https://openalex.org/W2143729010", "https://openalex.org/W2143981217", "https://openalex.org/W2148284063", "https://openalex.org/W2150126440", "https://openalex.org/W2158043072", "https://openalex.org/W2158340988", "https://openalex.org/W2160144694", "https://openalex.org/W2160923526", "https://openalex.org/W2335051141", "https://openalex.org/W2768565525", "https://openalex.org/W3036723969", "https://openalex.org/W3100738882", "https://openalex.org/W3141601914", "https://openalex.org/W4233978735", "https://openalex.org/W4299159409", "https://openalex.org/W6940666869"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4285208670", "https://openalex.org/W2153421756", "https://openalex.org/W2054489697", "https://openalex.org/W2077818434", "https://openalex.org/W1983694578", "https://openalex.org/W2042265971", "https://openalex.org/W1988732889", "https://openalex.org/W1979180914", "https://openalex.org/W2025967722", "https://openalex.org/W4231574477"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 28, 47, 99, 136, 165, 206], "method": [1, 100, 137, 269], "of": [2, 23, 80, 93, 104, 118, 128, 159, 174, 208, 215, 227, 239, 253, 277, 285], "dispersion": [3, 35, 52, 91, 279], "correction": [4], "as": [5, 231, 270], "an": [6, 242], "add-on": [7], "to": [8, 88, 186, 222], "standard": [9, 142, 179], "Kohn-Sham": [10], "density": [11, 110, 180], "functional": [12], "theory": [13], "(DFT-D)": [14], "has": [15, 138], "been": [16, 139], "refined": [17], "regarding": [18], "higher": [19], "accuracy,": [20], "broader": [21], "range": [22], "applicability,": [24], "and": [25, 37, 123, 147, 161, 201, 212, 236, 283, 290], "less": [26], "empiricism.": [27], "main": [29], "new": [30, 50, 78], "ingredients": [31], "are": [32, 41, 54, 86, 134, 195], "atom-pairwise": [33], "specific": [34], "coefficients": [36, 48, 92, 219], "cutoff": [38], "radii": [39], "that": [40, 250], "both": [42], "computed": [43, 55], "from": [44], "first": [45, 68], "principles.": [46], "for": [49, 66, 108, 115, 145, 169, 177, 197, 233, 274, 296], "eighth-order": [51], "terms": [53, 133, 255], "using": [56], "established": [57], "recursion": [58], "relations.": [59], "System": [60], "(geometry)": [61], "dependent": [62], "information": [63], "is": [64, 112, 248], "used": [65, 87], "the": [67, 77, 126, 170, 187, 209, 213, 237, 251, 261, 266, 275, 278], "time": [69], "in": [70, 95, 281], "a": [71, 116, 152, 156, 198, 223, 271], "DFT-D": [72, 191, 268], "type": [73], "approach": [74], "by": [75, 183], "employing": [76], "concept": [79], "fractional": [81], "coordination": [82], "numbers": [83], "(CN).": [84], "They": [85], "interpolate": [89], "between": [90], "atoms": [94], "different": [96], "chemical": [97], "environments.": [98], "only": [101], "requires": [102], "adjustment": [103], "two": [105], "global": [106], "parameters": [107], "each": [109], "functional,": [111], "asymptotically": [113], "exact": [114], "gas": [117], "weakly": [119], "interacting": [120], "neutral": [121], "atoms,": [122], "easily": [124], "allows": [125], "computation": [127, 276], "atomic": [129], "forces.": [130], "Three-body": [131], "nonadditivity": [132], "considered.": [135], "assessed": [140], "on": [141, 155, 241], "benchmark": [143, 172], "sets": [144], "inter-": [146], "intramolecular": [148], "noncovalent": [149, 175], "interactions": [150, 176], "with": [151, 288], "particular": [153], "emphasis": [154], "consistent": [157], "description": [158, 226], "light": [160], "heavy": [162], "element": [163], "systems.": [164, 205, 298], "mean": [166], "absolute": [167], "deviations": [168], "S22": [171], "set": [173], "11": [178], "functionals": [181], "decrease": [182], "15%-40%": [184], "compared": [185], "previous": [188], "(already": [189], "accurate)": [190], "version.": [192], "Spectacular": [193], "improvements": [194], "found": [196, 249], "tripeptide-folding": [199], "model": [200], "all": [202], "tested": [203], "metallic": [204], "rectification": [207], "long-range": [210], "behavior": [211], "use": [214], "more": [216], "accurate": [217], "C(6)": [218], "also": [220], "lead": [221], "much": [224], "better": [225], "large": [228, 297], "(infinite)": [229], "systems": [230], "shown": [232], "graphene": [234, 246], "sheets": [235], "adsorption": [238], "benzene": [240], "Ag(111)": [243], "surface.": [244], "For": [245], "it": [247], "inclusion": [252], "three-body": [254], "substantially": [256], "(by": [257], "about": [258], "10%)": [259], "weakens": [260], "interlayer": [262], "binding.": [263], "We": [264], "propose": [265], "revised": [267], "general": [272], "tool": [273], "energy": [280], "molecules": [282], "solids": [284], "any": [286], "kind": [287], "DFT": [289], "related": [291], "(low-cost)": [292], "electronic": [293], "structure": [294], "methods": [295]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2276}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 9222}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 8070}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6682}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5844}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5063}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4201}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3190}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2587}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2146}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1812}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1326}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 976}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 685}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 442}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2169456326", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635", "title": "STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner", "display_name": "STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner", "publication_year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-10-25", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2169456326", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635", "mag": "2169456326", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23104886"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/29/1/15/17101697/bts635.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S52395412", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "issn_l": "1367-4803", "issn": ["1367-4803", "1367-4811"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/29/1/15/17101697/bts635.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5019977651", "display_name": "Alexander Dobin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4115-9128"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "display_name": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/02qz8b764", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I68554272", "display_name": "Pacific Biosciences (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00fcszb13", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Alexander Dobin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111593857", "display_name": "Carrie Davis", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "display_name": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/02qz8b764", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I68554272", "display_name": "Pacific Biosciences (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00fcszb13", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Carrie A. Davis", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029421561", "display_name": "Felix Schlesinger", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I68554272", "display_name": "Pacific Biosciences (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00fcszb13", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "display_name": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/02qz8b764", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Felix Schlesinger", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111957142", "display_name": "J\u00f6rg Drenkow", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I68554272", "display_name": "Pacific Biosciences (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00fcszb13", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "display_name": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/02qz8b764", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jorg Drenkow", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027700148", "display_name": "Chris Zaleski", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I68554272", "display_name": "Pacific Biosciences (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00fcszb13", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "display_name": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/02qz8b764", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chris Zaleski", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071496329", "display_name": "Sonali Jha", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I68554272", "display_name": "Pacific Biosciences (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00fcszb13", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "display_name": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/02qz8b764", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sonali Jha", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026426674", "display_name": "Philippe Batut", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4250-0663"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "display_name": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/02qz8b764", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I68554272", "display_name": "Pacific Biosciences (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00fcszb13", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Philippe Batut", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026460408", "display_name": "Mark Chaisson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5395-1457"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I68554272", "display_name": "Pacific Biosciences (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00fcszb13", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "display_name": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/02qz8b764", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mark Chaisson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5067538373", "display_name": "T Gingeras", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9106-3573"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I68554272", "display_name": "Pacific Biosciences (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00fcszb13", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "display_name": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/02qz8b764", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Thomas R. Gingeras", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA and 2Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "https://openalex.org/I68554272"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 9, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5019977651"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "https://openalex.org/I68554272"], "apc_list": {"value": 3618, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3618}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 89.5461, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 54805, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99983458, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "29", "issue": "1", "first_page": "15", "last_page": "21"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11482", "display_name": "RNA modifications and cancer", "score": 0.9984999895095825, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10521", "display_name": "RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms", "score": 0.998199999332428, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.6207780838012695}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/json", "display_name": "JSON", "score": 0.5520739555358887}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.49607691168785095}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software", "display_name": "Software", "score": 0.47478267550468445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/rna-seq", "display_name": "RNA-Seq", "score": 0.4536069333553314}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/adapter", "display_name": "Adapter (computing)", "score": 0.4257257580757141}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.38917243480682373}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.3107697665691376}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.2761869430541992}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/transcriptome", "display_name": "Transcriptome", "score": 0.19421446323394775}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.19036465883255005}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/database", "display_name": "Database", "score": 0.17621901631355286}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6207780838012695}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780416260", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063", "display_name": "JSON", "level": 2, "score": 0.5520739555358887}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.49607691168785095}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.47478267550468445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107397762", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2542347", "display_name": "RNA-Seq", "level": 5, "score": 0.4536069333553314}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177284502", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1005390", "display_name": "Adapter (computing)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4257257580757141}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.38917243480682373}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.3107697665691376}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.2761869430541992}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162317418", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857", "display_name": "Transcriptome", "level": 4, "score": 0.19421446323394775}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.19036465883255005}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513", "display_name": "Database", "level": 1, "score": 0.17621901631355286}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C150194340", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972", "display_name": "Gene expression", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012326", "descriptor_name": "RNA Splicing", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012326", "descriptor_name": "RNA Splicing", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012326", "descriptor_name": "RNA Splicing", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015894", "descriptor_name": "Genome, Human", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015894", "descriptor_name": "Genome, Human", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015894", "descriptor_name": "Genome, Human", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016000", "descriptor_name": "Cluster Analysis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016000", "descriptor_name": "Cluster Analysis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016000", "descriptor_name": "Cluster Analysis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017423", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, RNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017423", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, RNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017423", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, RNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020869", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression Profiling", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020869", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression Profiling", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020869", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression Profiling", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/29/1/15/17101697/bts635.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S52395412", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "issn_l": "1367-4803", "issn": ["1367-4803", "1367-4811"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:23104886", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23104886", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:repository.cshl.edu:28071", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://repository.cshl.edu/id/eprint/28071/", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402288", "display_name": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Institutional Repository (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2750212522", "host_organization_name": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Paper"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3530905", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3530905", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/29/1/15/17101697/bts635.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S52395412", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "issn_l": "1367-4803", "issn": ["1367-4803", "1367-4811"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2169456326.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2169456326.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 25, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1984783889", "https://openalex.org/W1988929438", "https://openalex.org/W1991330646", "https://openalex.org/W2021819115", "https://openalex.org/W2041257508", "https://openalex.org/W2095685450", "https://openalex.org/W2096173343", "https://openalex.org/W2096441981", "https://openalex.org/W2096465161", "https://openalex.org/W2097065948", "https://openalex.org/W2097337885", "https://openalex.org/W2107282968", "https://openalex.org/W2120293208", "https://openalex.org/W2122789575", "https://openalex.org/W2124514674", "https://openalex.org/W2126144698", "https://openalex.org/W2134924833", "https://openalex.org/W2136145671", "https://openalex.org/W2144938907", "https://openalex.org/W2152331922", "https://openalex.org/W2158874082", "https://openalex.org/W2162396524", "https://openalex.org/W2166810745", "https://openalex.org/W4293196852", "https://openalex.org/W6842402754"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2753132265", "https://openalex.org/W4234766820", "https://openalex.org/W4321232174", "https://openalex.org/W3117520771", "https://openalex.org/W2482048793", "https://openalex.org/W4388027365", "https://openalex.org/W3113257914", "https://openalex.org/W2938860153", "https://openalex.org/W4312551432", "https://openalex.org/W1971332228"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"STAR": [0, 8], "is": [1, 9], "implemented": [2], "as": [3], "a": [4], "standalone": [5], "C++": [6], "code.": [7], "free": [10], "open": [11], "source": [12], "software": [13], "distributed": [14], "under": [15], "GPLv3": [16], "license": [17], "and": [18], "can": [19], "be": [20], "downloaded": [21], "from": [22], "http://code.google.com/p/rna-star/.": [23]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1801}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 7920}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 9212}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 7438}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 7005}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6945}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5411}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3602}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2480}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1511}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 797}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 422}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 194}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 42}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 8}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2133665775", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2003.819861", "title": "Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity", "display_name": "Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity", "publication_year": 2004, "publication_date": "2004-04-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2133665775", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2003.819861", "mag": "2133665775", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15376593"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/tip.2003.819861", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2003.819861", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210173141", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Image Processing", "issn_l": "1057-7149", "issn": ["1057-7149", "1941-0042"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Image Processing", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100420313", "display_name": "Zhou Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4413-4441"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I57206974", "display_name": "New York University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0190ak572", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Zhou Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Neural Sci., New York Univ., NY, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Neural Sci., New York Univ., NY, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5075463806", "display_name": "Alan C. Bovik", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6067-710X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I86519309", "display_name": "The University of Texas at Austin", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hj54h04", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "A.C. Bovik", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratory for Image and Video Engineering (LIVE), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA", "[Laboratory for Image and Video Engineering (LIVE), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA]"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory for Image and Video Engineering (LIVE), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "[Laboratory for Image and Video Engineering (LIVE), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA]", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5112664269", "display_name": "Hamid R. Sheikh", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I86519309", "display_name": "The University of Texas at Austin", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hj54h04", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "H.R. Sheikh", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratory for Image and Video Engineering (LIVE), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA", "[Laboratory for Image and Video Engineering (LIVE), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA]"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory for Image and Video Engineering (LIVE), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "[Laboratory for Image and Video Engineering (LIVE), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA]", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080476548", "display_name": "Eero P. Simoncelli", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1206-527X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1344073410", "display_name": "Howard Hughes Medical Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/006w34k90", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I36672615", "display_name": "Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/037tm7f56", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I36672615", "https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "E.P. Simoncelli", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Neural Science and the Courant Institute for Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA", "[Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Neural Science and the Courant Institute for Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA]"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Neural Science and the Courant Institute for Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I36672615", "https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "[Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Neural Science and the Courant Institute for Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA]", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5100420313"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I57206974"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 134.624, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 54723, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99992465, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "13", "issue": "4", "first_page": "600", "last_page": "612"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11165", "display_name": "Image and Video Quality Assessment", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11165", "display_name": "Image and Video Quality Assessment", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11605", "display_name": "Visual Attention and Saliency Detection", "score": 0.9984999895095825, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11659", "display_name": "Advanced Image Fusion Techniques", "score": 0.9980999827384949, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2214", "display_name": "Media Technology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.7201701402664185}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg", "display_name": "JPEG", "score": 0.6978613138198853}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.697081983089447}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/human-visual-system-model", "display_name": "Human visual system model", "score": 0.6342230439186096}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality", "display_name": "Image quality", "score": 0.6211300492286682}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility", "display_name": "Visibility", "score": 0.6109098792076111}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision", "display_name": "Computer vision", "score": 0.5501384139060974}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg-2000", "display_name": "JPEG 2000", "score": 0.5258677005767822}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-similarity", "display_name": "Structural similarity", "score": 0.49088746309280396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity", "display_name": "Similarity (geometry)", "score": 0.4825243651866913}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image-compression", "display_name": "Image compression", "score": 0.4767802059650421}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/transform-coding", "display_name": "Transform coding", "score": 0.4685189425945282}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization", "display_name": "Visualization", "score": 0.45890846848487854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/perception", "display_name": "Perception", "score": 0.45129626989364624}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/set", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "score": 0.45117396116256714}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.4464527666568756}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "score": 0.4224897623062134}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing", "display_name": "Image processing", "score": 0.41636067628860474}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform", "display_name": "Discrete cosine transform", "score": 0.12042060494422913}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.7201701402664185}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C198751489", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2195", "display_name": "JPEG", "level": 3, "score": 0.6978613138198853}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.697081983089447}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C160086991", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5939193", "display_name": "Human visual system model", "level": 3, "score": 0.6342230439186096}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55020928", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865", "display_name": "Image quality", "level": 3, "score": 0.6211300492286682}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C123403432", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068", "display_name": "Visibility", "level": 2, "score": 0.6109098792076111}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C31972630", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240", "display_name": "Computer vision", "level": 1, "score": 0.5501384139060974}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C69216139", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931783", "display_name": "JPEG 2000", "level": 5, "score": 0.5258677005767822}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C139489369", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770846", "display_name": "Structural similarity", "level": 2, "score": 0.49088746309280396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C103278499", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465", "display_name": "Similarity (geometry)", "level": 3, "score": 0.4825243651866913}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C13481523", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412438", "display_name": "Image compression", "level": 4, "score": 0.4767802059650421}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169805256", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361381", "display_name": "Transform coding", "level": 4, "score": 0.4685189425945282}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36464697", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553", "display_name": "Visualization", "level": 2, "score": 0.45890846848487854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26760741", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402", "display_name": "Perception", "level": 2, "score": 0.45129626989364624}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "level": 2, "score": 0.45117396116256714}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4464527666568756}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115961682", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4224897623062134}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C9417928", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689", "display_name": "Image processing", "level": 3, "score": 0.41636067628860474}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2221639", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877", "display_name": "Discrete cosine transform", "level": 3, "score": 0.12042060494422913}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003627", "descriptor_name": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003627", "descriptor_name": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003627", "descriptor_name": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007089", "descriptor_name": "Image Enhancement", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007089", "descriptor_name": "Image Enhancement", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007089", "descriptor_name": "Image Enhancement", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007089", "descriptor_name": "Image Enhancement", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007089", "descriptor_name": "Image Enhancement", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007089", "descriptor_name": "Image Enhancement", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007090", "descriptor_name": "Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007090", "descriptor_name": "Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007090", "descriptor_name": "Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007090", "descriptor_name": "Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007090", "descriptor_name": "Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007090", "descriptor_name": "Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010363", "descriptor_name": "Pattern Recognition, Automated", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010363", "descriptor_name": "Pattern Recognition, Automated", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010363", "descriptor_name": "Pattern Recognition, Automated", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012815", "descriptor_name": "Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012815", "descriptor_name": "Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012815", "descriptor_name": "Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013382", "descriptor_name": "Subtraction Technique", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013382", "descriptor_name": "Subtraction Technique", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013382", "descriptor_name": "Subtraction Technique", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015233", "descriptor_name": "Models, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015233", "descriptor_name": "Models, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015233", "descriptor_name": "Models, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016247", "descriptor_name": "Information Storage and Retrieval", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016247", "descriptor_name": "Information Storage and Retrieval", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016247", "descriptor_name": "Information Storage and Retrieval", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016247", "descriptor_name": "Information Storage and Retrieval", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016247", "descriptor_name": "Information Storage and Retrieval", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016247", "descriptor_name": "Information Storage and Retrieval", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019146", "descriptor_name": "Hypermedia", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019146", "descriptor_name": "Hypermedia", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019146", "descriptor_name": "Hypermedia", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1109/tip.2003.819861", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2003.819861", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210173141", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Image Processing", "issn_l": "1057-7149", "issn": ["1057-7149", "1941-0042"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Image Processing", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:15376593", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15376593", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.11.2477", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.11.2477", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.cns.nyu.edu/~zwang/files/papers/ssim.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.2.5689", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.2.5689", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.cns.nyu.edu/pub/eero/wang03-reprint.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 59, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4354222", "https://openalex.org/W26020760", "https://openalex.org/W42232744", "https://openalex.org/W49968550", "https://openalex.org/W109907426", "https://openalex.org/W1482387879", "https://openalex.org/W1527289589", "https://openalex.org/W1543242897", "https://openalex.org/W1601034129", "https://openalex.org/W1719723801", "https://openalex.org/W1964215855", "https://openalex.org/W1965279034", "https://openalex.org/W1992588279", "https://openalex.org/W2001896471", "https://openalex.org/W2015937190", "https://openalex.org/W2017175959", "https://openalex.org/W2019206873", "https://openalex.org/W2029826041", "https://openalex.org/W2052033414", "https://openalex.org/W2053442087", "https://openalex.org/W2053691921", "https://openalex.org/W2054873008", "https://openalex.org/W2059214109", "https://openalex.org/W2067398582", "https://openalex.org/W2073929572", "https://openalex.org/W2074158441", "https://openalex.org/W2080648818", "https://openalex.org/W2084112876", "https://openalex.org/W2101349782", "https://openalex.org/W2103232506", "https://openalex.org/W2107790757", "https://openalex.org/W2108657140", "https://openalex.org/W2115838129", "https://openalex.org/W2118217749", "https://openalex.org/W2122130551", "https://openalex.org/W2123566137", "https://openalex.org/W2124731682", "https://openalex.org/W2132873551", "https://openalex.org/W2139282590", "https://openalex.org/W2140277155", "https://openalex.org/W2142036176", "https://openalex.org/W2142276208", "https://openalex.org/W2143330717", "https://openalex.org/W2145792107", "https://openalex.org/W2150499856", "https://openalex.org/W2153777140", "https://openalex.org/W2158564760", "https://openalex.org/W2159269332", "https://openalex.org/W2159676406", "https://openalex.org/W2162899047", "https://openalex.org/W2168078737", "https://openalex.org/W2168265015", "https://openalex.org/W2243015210", "https://openalex.org/W2912116903", "https://openalex.org/W4242605957", "https://openalex.org/W4302366751", "https://openalex.org/W6601096477", "https://openalex.org/W6604474918", "https://openalex.org/W6631959848"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2441603424", "https://openalex.org/W2542654834", "https://openalex.org/W1994319845", "https://openalex.org/W2159814397", "https://openalex.org/W4243959093", "https://openalex.org/W2971784143", "https://openalex.org/W2104101678", "https://openalex.org/W1968318766", "https://openalex.org/W2384506428", "https://openalex.org/W2100013736"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Objective": [0], "methods": [1, 102], "for": [2, 45, 58], "assessing": [3], "perceptual": [4], "image": [5, 19, 23], "quality": [6, 59], "traditionally": [7], "attempted": [8], "to": [9, 95], "quantify": [10], "the": [11, 31, 36, 63], "visibility": [12], "of": [13, 27, 30, 65, 72, 88, 106], "errors": [14], "(differences)": [15], "between": [16], "a": [17, 21, 25, 50, 69, 77, 86, 104], "distorted": [18], "and": [20, 81, 99, 111], "reference": [22], "using": [24], "variety": [26], "known": [28], "properties": [29], "human": [32, 39], "visual": [33, 40], "system.": [34], "Under": [35], "assumption": [37], "that": [38], "perception": [41], "is": [42], "highly": [43], "adapted": [44], "extracting": [46], "structural": [47, 66], "information": [48], "from": [49], "scene,": [51], "we": [52, 75], "introduce": [53], "an": [54], "alternative": [55], "complementary": [56], "framework": [57], "assessment": [60], "based": [61], "on": [62, 103], "degradation": [64], "information.": [67], "As": [68], "specific": [70], "example": [71], "this": [73], "concept,": [74], "develop": [76], "Structural": [78], "Similarity": [79], "Index": [80], "demonstrate": [82], "its": [83], "promise": [84], "through": [85], "set": [87], "intuitive": [89], "examples,": [90], "as": [91, 93], "well": [92], "comparison": [94], "both": [96], "subjective": [97], "ratings": [98], "state-of-the-art": [100], "objective": [101], "database": [105], "images": [107], "compressed": [108], "with": [109], "JPEG": [110], "JPEG2000.": [112]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1144}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 6610}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 6568}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6031}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5147}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5256}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4451}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3669}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2803}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2219}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2066}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1788}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1651}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1376}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1040}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2135943618", "doi": null, "title": "Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes", "display_name": "Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes", "publication_year": 1978, "publication_date": "1978-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2135943618", "mag": "2135943618"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "mag:2135943618", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA03570814", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210197683", "display_name": "Medical Entomology and Zoology", "issn_l": "0424-7086", "issn": ["0424-7086", "2185-5609"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319750", "host_organization_name": "Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319750"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027610285", "display_name": "L. S. Vygotsky", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "L. S. Vygotsky", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5027610285"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 8.5424, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 53865, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.97209302, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13447", "display_name": "Educational and Psychological Assessments", "score": 0.8181999921798706, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3204", "display_name": "Developmental and Educational Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13447", "display_name": "Educational and Psychological Assessments", "score": 0.8181999921798706, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3204", "display_name": "Developmental and Educational Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol", "display_name": "Symbol (formal)", "score": 0.6067205667495728}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/perception", "display_name": "Perception", "score": 0.5415745973587036}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.5149593949317932}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/index", "display_name": "Index (typography)", "score": 0.4461105763912201}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science", "display_name": "Cognitive science", "score": 0.43697112798690796}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.37142157554626465}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychoanalysis", "display_name": "Psychoanalysis", "score": 0.35375410318374634}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "score": 0.3255169987678528}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics", "display_name": "Linguistics", "score": 0.25563353300094604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.2358483374118805}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.13746589422225952}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C134400042", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244", "display_name": "Symbol (formal)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6067205667495728}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26760741", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402", "display_name": "Perception", "level": 2, "score": 0.5415745973587036}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.5149593949317932}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777382242", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816", "display_name": "Index (typography)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4461105763912201}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188147891", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638", "display_name": "Cognitive science", "level": 1, "score": 0.43697112798690796}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.37142157554626465}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11171543", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630", "display_name": "Psychoanalysis", "level": 1, "score": 0.35375410318374634}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3255169987678528}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162", "display_name": "Linguistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.25563353300094604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.2358483374118805}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.13746589422225952}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "mag:2135943618", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA03570814", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210197683", "display_name": "Medical Entomology and Zoology", "issn_l": "0424-7086", "issn": ["0424-7086", "2185-5609"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319750", "host_organization_name": "Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319750"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W74402279", "https://openalex.org/W2945424237", "https://openalex.org/W2568476927", "https://openalex.org/W2329395632", "https://openalex.org/W2164599981", "https://openalex.org/W2116199508", "https://openalex.org/W2102748060", "https://openalex.org/W2075355359", "https://openalex.org/W2059343333", "https://openalex.org/W1994133656", "https://openalex.org/W1970209023", "https://openalex.org/W1780382453", "https://openalex.org/W1751769270", "https://openalex.org/W1655850657", "https://openalex.org/W1597854858", "https://openalex.org/W1590154464", "https://openalex.org/W1585818825", "https://openalex.org/W1584697775", "https://openalex.org/W1527311855", "https://openalex.org/W10833075"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Introduction": [0], "Michael": [1], "Cole": [2], "and": [3, 14, 18, 28, 34, 52, 70], "Sylvia": [4], "Scribner": [5], "Biographical": [6], "Note": [7], "on": [8], "L.": [9], "S.": [10], "Vygotsky": [11], "Basic": [12], "Theory": [13], "Data": [15], "1.": [16], "Tool": [17], "Symbol": [19], "in": [20, 59], "Child": [21], "Development": [22, 25, 53, 60], "2.": [23], "The": [24, 55, 62], "of": [26, 32, 38, 44, 57, 64], "Perception": [27], "Attention": [29], "3.": [30], "Mastery": [31], "Memory": [33], "Thinking": [35], "4.": [36], "Internalization": [37], "Higher": [39], "Psychological": [40], "Functions": [41], "5.": [42], "Problems": [43], "Method": [45], "Educational": [46], "Implications": [47], "6.": [48], "Interaction": [49], "between": [50], "Learning": [51], "7.": [54], "Role": [56], "Play": [58], "8.": [61], "Prehistory": [63], "Written": [65], "Language": [66], "Afterword": [67], "Vera": [68], "John-Steiner": [69], "Ellen": [71], "Souberman": [72], "Notes": [73], "Vygotsky's": [74], "Works": [75], "Index": [76]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2895}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3102}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2767}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2636}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2797}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3033}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2906}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2438}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2345}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2489}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2680}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2560}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2495}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2220}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2101108802", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350", "title": "Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications.", "display_name": "Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications.", "publication_year": 1979, "publication_date": "1979-09-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2101108802", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350", "mag": "2101108802", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/388439"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S125754415", "display_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "issn_l": "0027-8424", "issn": ["0027-8424", "1091-6490"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320052", "host_organization_name": "National Academy of Sciences", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["National Academy of Sciences"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/411572", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090187752", "display_name": "Harry Towbin", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "H Towbin", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5112012171", "display_name": "T. Staehelin", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "T Staehelin", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111758369", "display_name": "J. Gordon", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J Gordon", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5090187752"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 135.0508, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 53791, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "76", "issue": "9", "first_page": "4350", "last_page": "4354"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11016", "display_name": "Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research", "score": 0.9973999857902527, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2741", "display_name": "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11016", "display_name": "Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research", "score": 0.9973999857902527, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2741", "display_name": "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10521", "display_name": "RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms", "score": 0.9955000281333923, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10602", "display_name": "Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research", "score": 0.9926999807357788, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrocellulose", "display_name": "Nitrocellulose", "score": 0.9392459392547607}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polyacrylamide", "display_name": "Polyacrylamide", "score": 0.7815088033676147}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.666802167892456}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/peroxidase", "display_name": "Peroxidase", "score": 0.5725484490394592}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/urea", "display_name": "Urea", "score": 0.5710579752922058}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography", "display_name": "Chromatography", "score": 0.5659037232398987}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electrophoresis", "display_name": "Electrophoresis", "score": 0.5509626865386963}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis", "display_name": "Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis", "score": 0.5219777822494507}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium-dodecyl-sulfate", "display_name": "Sodium dodecyl sulfate", "score": 0.4967387318611145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/collodion", "display_name": "Collodion", "score": 0.47900623083114624}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electroblotting", "display_name": "Electroblotting", "score": 0.4589586853981018}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescein", "display_name": "Fluorescein", "score": 0.4374202787876129}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gel-electrophoresis", "display_name": "Gel electrophoresis", "score": 0.4188617169857025}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "score": 0.41454747319221497}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence", "display_name": "Fluorescence", "score": 0.1609761118888855}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/enzyme", "display_name": "Enzyme", "score": 0.14323413372039795}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-chemistry", "display_name": "Polymer chemistry", "score": 0.08227300643920898}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane", "display_name": "Membrane", "score": 0.07633045315742493}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778954975", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143874", "display_name": "Nitrocellulose", "level": 3, "score": 0.9392459392547607}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778862431", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416002", "display_name": "Polyacrylamide", "level": 2, "score": 0.7815088033676147}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.666802167892456}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162008176", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419305", "display_name": "Peroxidase", "level": 3, "score": 0.5725484490394592}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780365088", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48318", "display_name": "Urea", "level": 2, "score": 0.5710579752922058}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050", "display_name": "Chromatography", "level": 1, "score": 0.5659037232398987}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C40250595", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185098", "display_name": "Electrophoresis", "level": 2, "score": 0.5509626865386963}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C101660505", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898301", "display_name": "Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis", "level": 3, "score": 0.5219777822494507}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778913249", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422241", "display_name": "Sodium dodecyl sulfate", "level": 2, "score": 0.4967387318611145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C7051213", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898735", "display_name": "Collodion", "level": 3, "score": 0.47900623083114624}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149232098", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010192", "display_name": "Electroblotting", "level": 4, "score": 0.4589586853981018}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778015030", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410922", "display_name": "Fluorescein", "level": 3, "score": 0.4374202787876129}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C116084860", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48255", "display_name": "Gel electrophoresis", "level": 2, "score": 0.4188617169857025}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.41454747319221497}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C91881484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807", "display_name": "Fluorescence", "level": 2, "score": 0.1609761118888855}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C181199279", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047", "display_name": "Enzyme", "level": 2, "score": 0.14323413372039795}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188027245", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446", "display_name": "Polymer chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.08227300643920898}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41625074", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088", "display_name": "Membrane", "level": 2, "score": 0.07633045315742493}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000937", "descriptor_name": "Antigen-Antibody Reactions", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000937", "descriptor_name": "Antigen-Antibody Reactions", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000937", "descriptor_name": "Antigen-Antibody Reactions", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000941", "descriptor_name": "Antigens", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000941", "descriptor_name": "Antigens", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000941", "descriptor_name": "Antigens", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002482", "descriptor_name": "Cellulose", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002482", "descriptor_name": "Cellulose", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002482", "descriptor_name": "Cellulose", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002645", "descriptor_name": "Chickens", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002645", "descriptor_name": "Chickens", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002645", "descriptor_name": "Chickens", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004591", "descriptor_name": "Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004591", "descriptor_name": "Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004591", "descriptor_name": "Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004926", "descriptor_name": "Escherichia coli", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004926", "descriptor_name": "Escherichia coli", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004926", "descriptor_name": "Escherichia coli", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007158", "descriptor_name": "Immunologic Techniques", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007158", "descriptor_name": "Immunologic Techniques", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007158", "descriptor_name": "Immunologic Techniques", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008099", "descriptor_name": "Liver", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008099", "descriptor_name": "Liver", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008099", "descriptor_name": "Liver", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012269", "descriptor_name": "Ribosomal Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012269", "descriptor_name": "Ribosomal Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012269", "descriptor_name": "Ribosomal Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012269", "descriptor_name": "Ribosomal Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000276", "qualifier_name": "immunology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012269", "descriptor_name": "Ribosomal Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000276", "qualifier_name": "immunology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012269", "descriptor_name": "Ribosomal Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000276", "qualifier_name": "immunology", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S125754415", "display_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "issn_l": "0027-8424", "issn": ["0027-8424", "1091-6490"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320052", "host_organization_name": "National Academy of Sciences", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["National Academy of Sciences"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:388439", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/388439", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:411572", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/411572", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:411572", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/411572", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "raw_type": "Text"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6", "display_name": "Clean water and sanitation", "score": 0.6200000047683716}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 26, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1451841933", "https://openalex.org/W1532710110", "https://openalex.org/W1571527701", "https://openalex.org/W1606068922", "https://openalex.org/W1982713255", "https://openalex.org/W1991177648", "https://openalex.org/W2004747466", "https://openalex.org/W2032566319", "https://openalex.org/W2034277598", "https://openalex.org/W2037128568", "https://openalex.org/W2038761551", "https://openalex.org/W2051888500", "https://openalex.org/W2058309342", "https://openalex.org/W2060297933", "https://openalex.org/W2063450941", "https://openalex.org/W2071356560", "https://openalex.org/W2072115891", "https://openalex.org/W2082070123", "https://openalex.org/W2082497364", "https://openalex.org/W2088498422", "https://openalex.org/W2089276240", "https://openalex.org/W2094503137", "https://openalex.org/W2100837269", "https://openalex.org/W2164253976", "https://openalex.org/W2164358316", "https://openalex.org/W2337027193"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2132458568", "https://openalex.org/W2092504706", "https://openalex.org/W2070148516", "https://openalex.org/W2031243082", "https://openalex.org/W1984326416", "https://openalex.org/W1890495421", "https://openalex.org/W2060320117", "https://openalex.org/W2413151533", "https://openalex.org/W1013264170", "https://openalex.org/W2069320016"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"A": [0], "method": [1, 18, 53], "has": [2], "been": [3], "devised": [4], "for": [5], "the": [6, 35, 47, 79, 99, 130, 136, 153], "electrophoretic": [7], "transfer": [8, 22, 48], "of": [9, 23, 44, 56, 144, 160, 164], "proteins": [10, 25, 57, 68, 165], "from": [11, 26], "polyacrylamide": [12], "gels": [13, 27], "to": [14, 111, 114, 158], "nitrocellulose": [15, 80], "sheets.": [16], "The": [17, 52, 66, 102, 116], "results": [19], "in": [20], "quantitative": [21], "ribosomal": [24], "containing": [28], "urea.": [29], "For": [30], "sodium": [31], "dodecyl": [32], "sulfate": [33], "gels,": [34], "original": [36], "band": [37], "pattern": [38], "was": [39, 49, 81, 90, 105, 119, 146], "obtained": [40], "with": [41, 83, 166], "no": [42], "loss": [43], "resolution,": [45], "but": [46], "not": [50], "quantitative.": [51], "allows": [54], "detection": [55], "by": [58, 71, 122, 129], "autoradiography": [59], "and": [60], "is": [61, 150], "simpler": [62], "than": [63], "conventional": [64], "procedures.": [65, 73], "immobilized": [67], "were": [69], "detectable": [70], "immunological": [72], "All": [74], "additional": [75], "binding": [76], "capacity": [77], "on": [78], "blocked": [82], "excess": [84], "protein;": [85], "then": [86, 120], "a": [87, 94, 161], "specific": [88, 117, 167], "antibody": [89, 96, 104], "bound": [91], "and,": [92], "finally,": [93], "second": [95, 103], "directed": [97], "against": [98], "first": [100], "antibody.": [101], "either": [106, 123], "radioactively": [107], "labeled": [108], "or": [109, 113, 128, 169], "conjugated": [110], "fluorescein": [112], "peroxidase.": [115], "protein": [118, 145], "detected": [121], "autoradiography,": [124], "under": [125], "UV": [126], "light,": [127], "peroxidase": [131], "reaction": [132], "product,": [133], "respectively.": [134], "In": [135], "latter": [137], "case,": [138], "as": [139, 141], "little": [140], "100": [142], "pg": [143], "clearly": [147], "detectable.": [148], "It": [149], "anticipated": [151], "that": [152], "procedure": [154], "will": [155], "be": [156], "applicable": [157], "analysis": [159], "wide": [162], "variety": [163], "reactions": [168], "ligands.": [170]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 51}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 184}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 221}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 233}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 285}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 357}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 393}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 351}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 387}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 472}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 482}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 565}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 646}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 699}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 741}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2086957099", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.38.3098", "title": "Density-functional exchange-energy approximation with correct asymptotic behavior", "display_name": "Density-functional exchange-energy approximation with correct asymptotic behavior", "publication_year": 1988, "publication_date": "1988-09-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2086957099", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.38.3098", "mag": "2086957099", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9900728"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physreva.38.3098", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.38.3098", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210219937", "display_name": "Physical review. A, General physics", "issn_l": "0556-2791", "issn": ["0556-2791"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review A", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015077264", "display_name": "Axel D. Becke", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6668-7728"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204722609", "display_name": "Queen's University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02y72wh86", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "A. D. Becke", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L3N6", "Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L3N6"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L3N6", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L3N6", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5015077264"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204722609"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 6.1827, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 53144, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.9757206, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "38", "issue": "6", "first_page": "3098", "last_page": "3100"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10382", "display_name": "Quantum and electron transport phenomena", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10913", "display_name": "Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-functional", "display_name": "Hybrid functional", "score": 0.7228432893753052}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/limit", "display_name": "Limit (mathematics)", "score": 0.7043589353561401}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.6083555221557617}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/density-functional-theory", "display_name": "Density functional theory", "score": 0.5654548406600952}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/energy", "display_name": "Energy (signal processing)", "score": 0.5200276374816895}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-functional", "display_name": "Energy functional", "score": 0.49344292283058167}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/variety", "display_name": "Variety (cybernetics)", "score": 0.4845534861087799}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/local-density-approximation", "display_name": "Local-density approximation", "score": 0.462909996509552}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "score": 0.44751593470573425}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/exchange-interaction", "display_name": "Exchange interaction", "score": 0.4175166189670563}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-electrodynamics", "display_name": "Quantum electrodynamics", "score": 0.3496057987213135}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.32182127237319946}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis", "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "score": 0.15756753087043762}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.11823320388793945}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.06568196415901184}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C22693506", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3075290", "display_name": "Hybrid functional", "level": 3, "score": 0.7228432893753052}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C151201525", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239", "display_name": "Limit (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7043589353561401}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.6083555221557617}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C152365726", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048589", "display_name": "Density functional theory", "level": 2, "score": 0.5654548406600952}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C186370098", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787", "display_name": "Energy (signal processing)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5200276374816895}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C191640071", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377056", "display_name": "Energy functional", "level": 2, "score": 0.49344292283058167}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136197465", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295", "display_name": "Variety (cybernetics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4845534861087799}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C9249130", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898241", "display_name": "Local-density approximation", "level": 3, "score": 0.462909996509552}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121864883", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.44751593470573425}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C174771821", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780736", "display_name": "Exchange interaction", "level": 3, "score": 0.4175166189670563}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3079626", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881", "display_name": "Quantum electrodynamics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3496057987213135}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.32182127237319946}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754", "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "level": 1, "score": 0.15756753087043762}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.11823320388793945}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.06568196415901184}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C82217956", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184207", "display_name": "Ferromagnetism", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physreva.38.3098", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.38.3098", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210219937", "display_name": "Physical review. A, General physics", "issn_l": "0556-2791", "issn": ["0556-2791"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review A", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:9900728", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9900728", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical review. A, General physics", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7", "display_name": "Affordable and clean energy", "score": 0.8999999761581421}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 18, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W101994233", "https://openalex.org/W611878692", "https://openalex.org/W1624531027", "https://openalex.org/W1964589507", "https://openalex.org/W1968210381", "https://openalex.org/W1982133197", "https://openalex.org/W2011815802", "https://openalex.org/W2038970394", "https://openalex.org/W2040891489", "https://openalex.org/W2048562040", "https://openalex.org/W2051661539", "https://openalex.org/W2052023939", "https://openalex.org/W2054139194", "https://openalex.org/W2061724428", "https://openalex.org/W2086444600", "https://openalex.org/W2088057213", "https://openalex.org/W2090135568", "https://openalex.org/W2091784322"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2013110429", "https://openalex.org/W2963802160", "https://openalex.org/W4292316381", "https://openalex.org/W3099522629", "https://openalex.org/W4297729575", "https://openalex.org/W2406861146", "https://openalex.org/W2139060521", "https://openalex.org/W103696570", "https://openalex.org/W4231913297", "https://openalex.org/W2045435773"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Current": [0], "gradient-corrected": [1, 29], "density-functional": [2], "approximations": [3], "for": [4], "the": [5, 16, 22, 33, 44, 60], "exchange": [6, 47], "energies": [7, 48], "of": [8, 21, 49, 53, 62], "atomic": [9, 54], "and": [10], "molecular": [11], "systems": [12, 55], "fail": [13], "to": [14], "reproduce": [15], "correct": [17], "1/r": [18], "asymptotic": [19, 35], "behavior": [20], "exchange-energy": [23, 30], "density.": [24], "Here": [25], "we": [26], "report": [27], "a": [28, 50], "functional": [31], "with": [32, 56], "proper": [34], "limit.": [36], "Our": [37], "functional,": [38], "containing": [39, 65], "only": [40], "one": [41], "parameter,": [42], "fits": [43], "exact": [45], "Hartree-Fock": [46], "wide": [51], "variety": [52], "remarkable": [57], "accuracy,": [58], "surpassing": [59], "performance": [61], "previous": [63], "functionals": [64], "two": [66], "parameters": [67], "or": [68], "more.": [69]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 488}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2150}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2252}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2278}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2191}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2310}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2432}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2111}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2064}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2192}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2236}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2144}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2257}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2164}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2130}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W639708223", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2016.2577031", "title": "Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks", "display_name": "Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks", "publication_year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-06-06", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W639708223", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2016.2577031", "mag": "639708223", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27295650"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/tpami.2016.2577031", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2016.2577031", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S199944782", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence", "issn_l": "0162-8828", "issn": ["0162-8828", "1939-3539", "2160-9292"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320439", "host_organization_name": "IEEE Computer Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320439", "https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["IEEE Computer Society", "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100824251", "display_name": "Shaoqing Ren", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I126520041", "display_name": "University of Science and Technology of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/04c4dkn09", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I126520041", "https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Shaoqing Ren", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China", "University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui,China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui,China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100700361", "display_name": "Kaiming He", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7318-9658"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1290206253", "display_name": "Microsoft (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00d0nc645", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210113369", "display_name": "Microsoft Research Asia (China)", "ror": "https://ror.org/0300m5276", "country_code": "CN", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1290206253", "https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}], "countries": ["CN", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kaiming He", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Visual Computing Group, Microsoft Research, Beijing, China", "[Visual Computing group, Microsoft Research, Beijing, China]"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Visual Computing Group, Microsoft Research, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "[Visual Computing group, Microsoft Research, Beijing, China]", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5049246408", "display_name": "Ross Girshick", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210114444", "display_name": "Meta (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/01zbnvs85", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ross Girshick", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Facebook AI Research, Seattle, WA 98109", "Facebook AI Research, Seattle, WA 98109#TAB#"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Facebook AI Research, Seattle, WA 98109", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Facebook AI Research, Seattle, WA 98109#TAB#", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101425421", "display_name": "Jian Sun", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6270-2698"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1290206253", "display_name": "Microsoft (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00d0nc645", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210113369", "display_name": "Microsoft Research Asia (China)", "ror": "https://ror.org/0300m5276", "country_code": "CN", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1290206253", "https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}], "countries": ["CN", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jian Sun", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Visual Computing Group, Microsoft Research, Beijing, China", "[Visual Computing group, Microsoft Research, Beijing, China]"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Visual Computing Group, Microsoft Research, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "[Visual Computing group, Microsoft Research, Beijing, China]", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5100824251"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I126520041"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1342.1145, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 53060, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99998352, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 94, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "39", "issue": "6", "first_page": "1137", "last_page": "1149"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10627", "display_name": "Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10331", "display_name": "Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods", "score": 0.9983999729156494, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.7335767149925232}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection", "display_name": "Object detection", "score": 0.7104262709617615}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.6813444495201111}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision", "display_name": "Computer vision", "score": 0.5549260377883911}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/object", "display_name": "Object (grammar)", "score": 0.5236596465110779}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition", "display_name": "Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition", "score": 0.43268272280693054}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.41049179434776306}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.7335767149925232}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776151529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304", "display_name": "Object detection", "level": 3, "score": 0.7104262709617615}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.6813444495201111}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C31972630", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240", "display_name": "Computer vision", "level": 1, "score": 0.5549260377883911}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781238097", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026", "display_name": "Object (grammar)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5236596465110779}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C64876066", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226", "display_name": "Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition", "level": 3, "score": 0.43268272280693054}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.41049179434776306}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1109/tpami.2016.2577031", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2016.2577031", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S199944782", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence", "issn_l": "0162-8828", "issn": ["0162-8828", "1939-3539", "2160-9292"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320439", "host_organization_name": "IEEE Computer Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320439", "https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["IEEE Computer Society", "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:27295650", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27295650", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320308943", "display_name": "Microsoft Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/00d0nc645"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 60, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W7746136", "https://openalex.org/W639708223", "https://openalex.org/W809122546", "https://openalex.org/W854541894", "https://openalex.org/W1536680647", "https://openalex.org/W1594098193", "https://openalex.org/W1665214252", "https://openalex.org/W1686810756", "https://openalex.org/W1790312427", "https://openalex.org/W1832500336", "https://openalex.org/W1849277567", "https://openalex.org/W1861492603", "https://openalex.org/W1903029394", "https://openalex.org/W1923115158", "https://openalex.org/W1958328135", "https://openalex.org/W1991367009", "https://openalex.org/W2031489346", "https://openalex.org/W2046382188", "https://openalex.org/W2066624635", "https://openalex.org/W2068730032", "https://openalex.org/W2088049833", "https://openalex.org/W2097117768", "https://openalex.org/W2102605133", "https://openalex.org/W2104446196", "https://openalex.org/W2117287331", "https://openalex.org/W2117539524", "https://openalex.org/W2130306094", "https://openalex.org/W2147800946", "https://openalex.org/W2155893237", "https://openalex.org/W2168356304", "https://openalex.org/W2174407577", "https://openalex.org/W2179352600", "https://openalex.org/W2194775991", "https://openalex.org/W2206858481", "https://openalex.org/W2216125271", "https://openalex.org/W2229637417", "https://openalex.org/W2255499165", "https://openalex.org/W2618530766", "https://openalex.org/W2952009708", "https://openalex.org/W2962835968", "https://openalex.org/W2963542991", "https://openalex.org/W2963690996", "https://openalex.org/W2963758027", "https://openalex.org/W4246193833", "https://openalex.org/W4309299128", "https://openalex.org/W6622964371", "https://openalex.org/W6623517193", "https://openalex.org/W6629368666", "https://openalex.org/W6635419406", "https://openalex.org/W6637373629", "https://openalex.org/W6638313749", "https://openalex.org/W6677374587", "https://openalex.org/W6679349572", "https://openalex.org/W6684191040", "https://openalex.org/W6685275435", "https://openalex.org/W6687483927", "https://openalex.org/W6688789216", "https://openalex.org/W6689579922", "https://openalex.org/W6691503852", "https://openalex.org/W6691918414"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2114275278", "https://openalex.org/W4292830139", "https://openalex.org/W4319309705", "https://openalex.org/W1489511283", "https://openalex.org/W2974914859", "https://openalex.org/W2026565050", "https://openalex.org/W2110244802", "https://openalex.org/W2163728705", "https://openalex.org/W949345935", "https://openalex.org/W2109550041"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"State-of-the-art": [0], "object": [1, 11, 72, 161], "detection": [2, 28, 54, 143, 162], "networks": [3, 120], "depend": [4], "on": [5, 155, 164], "region": [6, 31, 60, 88], "proposal": [7, 32], "algorithms": [8], "to": [9, 85, 132], "hypothesize": [10], "locations.": [12], "Advances": [13], "like": [14], "SPPnet": [15], "[1]": [16], "and": [17, 74, 102, 169, 181, 187], "Fast": [18, 94, 103], "R-CNN": [19, 95, 104, 186], "[2]": [20], "have": [21], "reduced": [22], "the": [23, 53, 114, 124, 128, 135, 190, 193], "running": [24], "time": [25], "of": [26, 118, 149, 192], "these": [27], "networks,": [29], "exposing": [30], "computation": [33], "as": [34], "a": [35, 42, 65, 106, 146, 156], "bottleneck.": [36], "In": [37, 179], "this": [38], "work,": [39], "we": [40], "introduce": [41], "Region": [43], "Proposal": [44], "Network": [45], "(RPN)": [46], "that": [47, 69], "shares": [48], "full-image": [49], "convolutional": [50, 67, 112], "features": [51], "with": [52, 121, 173], "network,": [55], "thus": [56], "enabling": [57], "nearly": [58], "cost-free": [59], "proposals.": [61], "An": [62], "RPN": [63, 81, 101, 125, 188], "is": [64, 82], "fully": [66], "network": [68, 108, 130], "simultaneously": [70], "predicts": [71], "bounds": [73], "objectness": [75], "scores": [76], "at": [77], "each": [78], "position.": [79], "The": [80], "trained": [83], "end-to-end": [84], "generate": [86], "high-quality": [87], "proposals,": [89], "which": [90], "are": [91, 189], "used": [92], "by": [93, 109], "for": [96], "detection.": [97], "We": [98], "further": [99], "merge": [100], "into": [105], "single": [107], "sharing": [110], "their": [111], "features-using": [113], "recently": [115], "popular": [116], "terminology": [117], "neural": [119], "'attention'": [122], "mechanisms,": [123], "component": [126], "tells": [127], "unified": [129], "where": [131], "look.": [133], "For": [134], "very": [136], "deep": [137], "VGG-16": [138], "model": [139], "[3]": [140], ",": [141], "our": [142], "system": [144], "has": [145, 201], "frame": [147], "rate": [148], "5": [150], "fps": [151], "(including": [152], "all": [153], "steps)": [154], "GPU,": [157], "while": [158], "achieving": [159], "state-of-the-art": [160], "accuracy": [163], "PASCAL": [165], "VOC": [166], "2007,": [167], "2012,": [168], "MS": [170], "COCO": [171, 182], "datasets": [172], "only": [174], "300": [175], "proposals": [176], "per": [177], "image.": [178], "ILSVRC": [180], "2015": [183], "competitions,": [184], "Faster": [185], "foundations": [191], "1st-place": [194], "winning": [195], "entries": [196], "in": [197], "several": [198], "tracks.": [199], "Code": [200], "been": [202], "made": [203], "publicly": [204], "available.": [205]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1195}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 7583}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 7546}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 8175}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 7931}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 7440}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5225}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4275}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2420}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1036}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 212}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 4}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2112778345", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306", "title": "The CES-D Scale", "display_name": "The CES-D Scale", "publication_year": 1977, "publication_date": "1977-06-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2112778345", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306", "mag": "2112778345"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1177/014662167700100306", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S94663699", "display_name": "Applied Psychological Measurement", "issn_l": "0146-6216", "issn": ["0146-6216", "1552-3497"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320017", "host_organization_name": "SAGE Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["SAGE Publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Applied Psychological Measurement", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstreams/048971e8-d975-4685-8b22-d5f57231a77f/download", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5074180547", "display_name": "Lenore Sawyer Radloff", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Lenore Sawyer Radloff", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Epidemiologic Studies National Institute of Mental Health"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Epidemiologic Studies National Institute of Mental Health", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5074180547"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 7.2646, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 52943, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.97186387, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "1", "issue": "3", "first_page": "385", "last_page": "401"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11083", "display_name": "Cardiac Health and Mental Health", "score": 0.9894000291824341, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2705", "display_name": "Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11083", "display_name": "Cardiac Health and Mental Health", "score": 0.9894000291824341, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2705", "display_name": "Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10853", "display_name": "Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes", "score": 0.9886000156402588, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3205", "display_name": "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10023", "display_name": "Schizophrenia research and treatment", "score": 0.9836999773979187, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2738", "display_name": "Psychiatry and Mental health"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.7352833151817322}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scale", "display_name": "Scale (ratio)", "score": 0.6583134531974792}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/construct-validity", "display_name": "Construct validity", "score": 0.6379531025886536}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability", "display_name": "Reliability (semiconductor)", "score": 0.5669506788253784}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/test-validity", "display_name": "Test validity", "score": 0.5561448931694031}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology", "display_name": "Clinical psychology", "score": 0.5550817251205444}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometrics", "display_name": "Psychometrics", "score": 0.5433704257011414}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/population", "display_name": "Population", "score": 0.5205662846565247}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-consistency", "display_name": "Internal consistency", "score": 0.47653183341026306}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.13379016518592834}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health", "display_name": "Environmental health", "score": 0.07543724775314331}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography", "display_name": "Cartography", "score": 0.07493776082992554}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geography", "display_name": "Geography", "score": 0.06715002655982971}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.7352833151817322}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778755073", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537", "display_name": "Scale (ratio)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6583134531974792}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49453240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163", "display_name": "Construct validity", "level": 3, "score": 0.6379531025886536}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43214815", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987", "display_name": "Reliability (semiconductor)", "level": 3, "score": 0.5669506788253784}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C116211729", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5372350", "display_name": "Test validity", "level": 3, "score": 0.5561448931694031}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70410870", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906", "display_name": "Clinical psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5550817251205444}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171606756", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132", "display_name": "Psychometrics", "level": 2, "score": 0.5433704257011414}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603", "display_name": "Population", "level": 2, "score": 0.5205662846565247}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3018868096", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2693233", "display_name": "Internal consistency", "level": 3, "score": 0.47653183341026306}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.13379016518592834}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C99454951", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068", "display_name": "Environmental health", "level": 1, "score": 0.07543724775314331}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C58640448", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515", "display_name": "Cartography", "level": 1, "score": 0.07493776082992554}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.06715002655982971}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C163258240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342", "display_name": "Power (physics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1177/014662167700100306", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S94663699", "display_name": "Applied Psychological Measurement", "issn_l": "0146-6216", "issn": ["0146-6216", "1552-3497"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320017", "host_organization_name": "SAGE Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["SAGE Publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Applied Psychological Measurement", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:conservancy.umn.edu:11299/98561", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://purl.umn.edu/98561", "pdf_url": "https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstreams/048971e8-d975-4685-8b22-d5f57231a77f/download", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402521", "display_name": "University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I130238516", "host_organization_name": "University of Minnesota", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I130238516"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:conservancy.umn.edu:11299/98561", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://purl.umn.edu/98561", "pdf_url": "https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstreams/048971e8-d975-4685-8b22-d5f57231a77f/download", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402521", "display_name": "University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I130238516", "host_organization_name": "University of Minnesota", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I130238516"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "display_name": "Good health and well-being", "score": 0.8299999833106995}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2112778345.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2112778345.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 23, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W5567167", "https://openalex.org/W1971587945", "https://openalex.org/W1983421378", "https://openalex.org/W1989208892", "https://openalex.org/W2001980658", "https://openalex.org/W2024168067", "https://openalex.org/W2024311825", "https://openalex.org/W2025707558", "https://openalex.org/W2045318218", "https://openalex.org/W2067495470", "https://openalex.org/W2078275951", "https://openalex.org/W2109226331", "https://openalex.org/W2114613490", "https://openalex.org/W2120996730", "https://openalex.org/W2137449302", "https://openalex.org/W2157670671", "https://openalex.org/W2170332928", "https://openalex.org/W2227188615", "https://openalex.org/W2276117090", "https://openalex.org/W2319323622", "https://openalex.org/W2408639906", "https://openalex.org/W4240438422", "https://openalex.org/W4242027746"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4254295689", "https://openalex.org/W4233470951", "https://openalex.org/W4231073527", "https://openalex.org/W4251869584", "https://openalex.org/W2021668964", "https://openalex.org/W2028107312", "https://openalex.org/W1969981183", "https://openalex.org/W2084374124", "https://openalex.org/W4241138304", "https://openalex.org/W2051715123"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 17, 36, 113], "CES-D": [1], "scale": [2, 7, 21, 38, 114], "is": [3], "a": [4, 101, 117], "short": [5], "self-report": [6, 73], "designed": [8], "to": [9, 52], "measure": [10], "depressive": [11], "symptomatology": [12], "in": [13, 31, 41, 46, 107], "the": [14, 20, 108], "general": [15, 109], "population.": [16], "items": [18], "of": [19, 69, 80, 104, 123], "are": [22], "symptoms": [23], "associated": [24], "with": [25, 71, 77, 85], "depression": [26], "which": [27, 88], "have": [28, 53], "been": [29], "used": [30], "previously": [32], "validated": [33], "longer": [34], "scales.": [35], "new": [37], "was": [39, 50, 64], "tested": [40], "household": [42], "interview": [43], "surveys": [44], "and": [45, 58, 82, 95], "psychiatric": [47], "settings.": [48], "It": [49], "found": [51], "very": [54], "high": [55], "internal": [56], "consistency": [57], "adequate": [59], "test-": [60], "retest": [61], "repeatability.": [62], "Validity": [63], "established": [65], "by": [66, 75, 83], "pat": [67], "terns": [68], "correlations": [70, 76], "other": [72, 86], "measures,": [74], "clinical": [78], "ratings": [79], "depression,": [81], "relationships": [84], "variables": [87], "support": [89], "its": [90], "construct": [91], "validity.": [92], "Reliability,": [93], "validity,": [94], "factor": [96], "structure": [97], "were": [98], "similar": [99], "across": [100], "wide": [102], "variety": [103], "demographic": [105], "characteristics": [106], "population": [110], "samples": [111], "tested.": [112], "should": [115], "be": [116], "useful": [118], "tool": [119], "for": [120], "epidemiologic": [121], "studies": [122], "de": [124], "pression.": [125]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 441}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2141}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2277}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2187}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2415}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2674}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2482}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2389}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2275}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2252}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2453}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2478}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2464}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2367}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2248}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2163815564", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9", "title": "The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates", "display_name": "The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates", "publication_year": 1982, "publication_date": "1982-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2163815564", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9", "mag": "2163815564"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463230", "display_name": "Elsevier eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "edited-book"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Paxinos, George", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Paxinos, George", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Watson, Charles", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Watson, Charles", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 47.8031, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 52259, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10301", "display_name": "Mitochondrial Function and Pathology", "score": 0.6965000033378601, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10301", "display_name": "Mitochondrial Function and Pathology", "score": 0.6965000033378601, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "score": 0.58669513463974}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.36631566286087036}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.3293592929840088}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C169760540", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011", "display_name": "Neuroscience", "level": 1, "score": 0.58669513463974}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.36631566286087036}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.3293592929840088}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463230", "display_name": "Elsevier eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "edited-book"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024157314", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027740085", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780125476218", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "software, multimedia"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028519453", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;scope=site&amp;db=nlebk&amp;db=nlabk&amp;AN=189458", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "software, multimedia"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029794177", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780125476201", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "software, multimedia"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2390279801", "https://openalex.org/W2358668433", "https://openalex.org/W2376932109", "https://openalex.org/W2001405890", "https://openalex.org/W2382290278", "https://openalex.org/W2350741829", "https://openalex.org/W2130043461", "https://openalex.org/W2530322880", "https://openalex.org/W1596801655"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 272}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 260}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 288}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 837}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1135}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1246}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1270}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1321}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1444}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1771}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2004}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2067}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2023}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3001118548", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5", "title": "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China", "display_name": "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China", "publication_year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-01-24", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3001118548", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5", "mag": "3001118548", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31986264"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5", "pdf_url": "http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673620301835/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S49861241", "display_name": "The Lancet", "issn_l": "0140-6736", "issn": ["0140-6736", "1474-547X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Lancet", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673620301835/pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101545030", "display_name": "Chaolin Huang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6240-7963"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chaolin Huang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101454711", "display_name": "Yeming Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4343-9606"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801051648", "display_name": "China-Japan Friendship Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/037cjxp13", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801051648"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I183519381", "display_name": "Capital Medical University", "ror": "https://ror.org/013xs5b60", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I200296433", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yeming Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China", "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China", "Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801051648", "https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801051648"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101925685", "display_name": "Xingwang Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5424-6722"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210150338", "display_name": "Beijing Ditan Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/05kkkes98", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210150338"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I183519381", "display_name": "Capital Medical University", "ror": "https://ror.org/013xs5b60", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xingwang Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210150338", "https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005176337", "display_name": "Lili Ren", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-8183"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I200296433", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lili Ren", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5052152159", "display_name": "Jianping Zhao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3057-5617"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210160344", "display_name": "Tongji Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xy45965", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210160344"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jianping Zhao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210160344", "https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031491320", "display_name": "Yi Hu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-5210"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210143568", "display_name": "Central Hospital of Wuhan", "ror": "https://ror.org/04qs2sz84", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210143568"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yi Hu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641", "https://openalex.org/I4210143568"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100425676", "display_name": "Li Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9687-8293"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Li Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5082759663", "display_name": "Guohui Fan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2299-3560"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801051648", "display_name": "China-Japan Friendship Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/037cjxp13", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801051648"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I200296433", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Guohui Fan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China", "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801051648"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801051648"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062226704", "display_name": "Jiuyang Xu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1906-5918"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I99065089", "display_name": "Tsinghua University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03cve4549", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jiuyang Xu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101081875", "display_name": "Xiaoying Gu", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I200296433", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801051648", "display_name": "China-Japan Friendship Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/037cjxp13", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801051648"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiaoying Gu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China", "Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801051648"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801051648"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101711490", "display_name": "Zhenshun Cheng", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7387-496X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I37461747", "display_name": "Wuhan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/033vjfk17", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210120234", "display_name": "Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01v5mqw79", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210120234"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhenshun Cheng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Respiratory medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Respiratory medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210120234", "https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100655339", "display_name": "Ting Yu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-8975"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ting Yu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024929222", "display_name": "Jiaan Xia", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jiaan Xia", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100344847", "display_name": "Yuan Wei", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-6567"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yuan Wei", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103981505", "display_name": "Wenjuan Wu", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wenjuan Wu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037416293", "display_name": "Xuelei Xie", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xuelei Xie", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5014572115", "display_name": "Wen Yin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1393-7682"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210143568", "display_name": "Central Hospital of Wuhan", "ror": "https://ror.org/04qs2sz84", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210143568"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wen Yin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641", "https://openalex.org/I4210143568"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5057824494", "display_name": "Hui Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8751-3065"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801051648", "display_name": "China-Japan Friendship Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/037cjxp13", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801051648"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I183519381", "display_name": "Capital Medical University", "ror": "https://ror.org/013xs5b60", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I200296433", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hui Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China", "Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China", "Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801051648", "https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801051648"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045493285", "display_name": "Min Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1298-4441"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801051648", "display_name": "China-Japan Friendship Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/037cjxp13", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801051648"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Min Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801051648"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100606060", "display_name": "Xiao Yan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7626-2128"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I200296433", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yan Xiao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101633148", "display_name": "Hong Gao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2488-8695"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210131085", "display_name": "Institute of Laboratory Animal Science", "ror": "https://ror.org/038z7hb11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210131085", "https://openalex.org/I4210141683"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I200296433", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hong Gao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210131085", "https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070771101", "display_name": "Li Guo", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0184-6847"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I200296433", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Li Guo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058709579", "display_name": "Jungang Xie", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9037-3027"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210160344", "display_name": "Tongji Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xy45965", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210160344"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jungang Xie", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210160344", "https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5013568062", "display_name": "Guangfa Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5949-2124"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210130930", "display_name": "Peking University First Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/02z1vqm45", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210130930"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Guangfa Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210130930", "https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5112776266", "display_name": "Rongmeng Jiang", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210150338", "display_name": "Beijing Ditan Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/05kkkes98", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210150338"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I183519381", "display_name": "Capital Medical University", "ror": "https://ror.org/013xs5b60", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Rongmeng Jiang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210150338", "https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026007726", "display_name": "Zhancheng Gao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8495-9221"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210124809", "display_name": "Peking University People's Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/035adwg89", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210124809"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhancheng Gao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210124809", "https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100637146", "display_name": "Qi Jin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3586-6344"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I200296433", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Qi Jin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100424784", "display_name": "Jianwei Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1116-4559"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I200296433", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jianwei Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Electronic address: wangjw28@163.com", "NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Electronic address: wangjw28@163.com", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100613209", "display_name": "Bin Cao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6991-0350"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801051648", "display_name": "China-Japan Friendship Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/037cjxp13", "country_code": "CN", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801051648"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I183519381", "display_name": "Capital Medical University", "ror": "https://ror.org/013xs5b60", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I99065089", "display_name": "Tsinghua University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03cve4549", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I200296433", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210160507", "display_name": "Center for Life Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/05kje8j93", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570", "https://openalex.org/I4210160507", "https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bin Cao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address: caobin_ben@163.com", "Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China", "Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China", "Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address: caobin_ben@163.com", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801051648"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210160507", "https://openalex.org/I99065089", "https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 29, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5100424784"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200296433"], "apc_list": {"value": 6830, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 6830}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1206.844, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 51608, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 90, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "395", "issue": "10223", "first_page": "497", "last_page": "506"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10118", "display_name": "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2725", "display_name": "Infectious Diseases"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10118", "display_name": "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2725", "display_name": "Infectious Diseases"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10041", "display_name": "COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies", "score": 0.9986000061035156, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2725", "display_name": "Infectious Diseases"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10976", "display_name": "Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology", "score": 0.9983999729156494, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2725", "display_name": "Infectious Diseases"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.8496136665344238}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/myalgia", "display_name": "myalgia", "score": 0.7545709609985352}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemiology", "display_name": "Epidemiology", "score": 0.7294139862060547}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumonia", "display_name": "Pneumonia", "score": 0.6362847089767456}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sputum", "display_name": "Sputum", "score": 0.5497838854789734}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-unit", "display_name": "Intensive care unit", "score": 0.5421638488769531}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "score": 0.5198659896850586}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-record", "display_name": "Medical record", "score": 0.48094743490219116}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus", "display_name": "Diabetes mellitus", "score": 0.46719738841056824}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatrics", "display_name": "Pediatrics", "score": 0.40728989243507385}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis", "display_name": "Tuberculosis", "score": 0.23705223202705383}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology", "display_name": "Pathology", "score": 0.09997272491455078}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.8496136665344238}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778616394", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474959", "display_name": "myalgia", "level": 2, "score": 0.7545709609985352}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107130276", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805", "display_name": "Epidemiology", "level": 2, "score": 0.7294139862060547}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777914695", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192", "display_name": "Pneumonia", "level": 2, "score": 0.6362847089767456}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776301714", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259346", "display_name": "Sputum", "level": 3, "score": 0.5497838854789734}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776376669", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647", "display_name": "Intensive care unit", "level": 2, "score": 0.5421638488769531}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.5198659896850586}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C195910791", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077", "display_name": "Medical record", "level": 2, "score": 0.48094743490219116}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C555293320", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206", "display_name": "Diabetes mellitus", "level": 2, "score": 0.46719738841056824}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C187212893", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028", "display_name": "Pediatrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.40728989243507385}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781069245", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204", "display_name": "Tuberculosis", "level": 2, "score": 0.23705223202705383}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.09997272491455078}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134018914", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606", "display_name": "Endocrinology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000086382", "descriptor_name": "COVID-19", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000086382", "descriptor_name": "COVID-19", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000086382", "descriptor_name": "COVID-19", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000086382", "descriptor_name": "COVID-19", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000086382", "descriptor_name": "COVID-19", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000368", "descriptor_name": "Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000368", "descriptor_name": "Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000368", "descriptor_name": "Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000368", "descriptor_name": "Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000368", "descriptor_name": "Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002681", "descriptor_name": "China", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002681", "descriptor_name": "China", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002681", "descriptor_name": "China", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002681", "descriptor_name": "China", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002681", "descriptor_name": "China", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003371", "descriptor_name": "Cough", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003371", "descriptor_name": "Cough", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003371", "descriptor_name": "Cough", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003371", "descriptor_name": "Cough", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003371", "descriptor_name": "Cough", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003371", "descriptor_name": "Cough", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003371", "descriptor_name": "Cough", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003371", "descriptor_name": "Cough", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003371", "descriptor_name": "Cough", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003371", "descriptor_name": "Cough", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005334", "descriptor_name": "Fever", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005334", "descriptor_name": "Fever", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005334", "descriptor_name": "Fever", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005334", "descriptor_name": "Fever", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005334", "descriptor_name": "Fever", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005334", "descriptor_name": "Fever", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005334", "descriptor_name": "Fever", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005334", "descriptor_name": "Fever", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005334", "descriptor_name": "Fever", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005334", "descriptor_name": "Fever", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006760", "descriptor_name": "Hospitalization", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006760", "descriptor_name": "Hospitalization", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006760", "descriptor_name": "Hospitalization", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006760", "descriptor_name": "Hospitalization", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006760", "descriptor_name": "Hospitalization", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007362", "descriptor_name": "Intensive Care Units", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007362", "descriptor_name": "Intensive Care Units", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007362", "descriptor_name": "Intensive Care Units", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007362", "descriptor_name": "Intensive Care Units", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007362", "descriptor_name": "Intensive Care Units", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011024", "descriptor_name": "Pneumonia, Viral", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011379", "descriptor_name": "Prognosis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011379", "descriptor_name": "Prognosis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011379", "descriptor_name": "Prognosis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011379", "descriptor_name": "Prognosis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011379", "descriptor_name": "Prognosis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012128", "descriptor_name": "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012128", "descriptor_name": "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012128", "descriptor_name": "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012128", "descriptor_name": "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012128", "descriptor_name": "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012128", "descriptor_name": "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012128", "descriptor_name": "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012128", "descriptor_name": "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012128", "descriptor_name": "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012128", "descriptor_name": "Respiratory Distress Syndrome", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013902", "descriptor_name": "Radiography, Thoracic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013902", "descriptor_name": "Radiography, Thoracic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013902", "descriptor_name": "Radiography, Thoracic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013902", "descriptor_name": "Radiography, Thoracic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013902", "descriptor_name": "Radiography, Thoracic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014057", "descriptor_name": "Tomography, X-Ray Computed", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014057", "descriptor_name": "Tomography, X-Ray Computed", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014057", "descriptor_name": "Tomography, X-Ray Computed", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014057", "descriptor_name": "Tomography, X-Ray Computed", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014057", "descriptor_name": "Tomography, X-Ray Computed", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015897", "descriptor_name": "Comorbidity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015897", "descriptor_name": "Comorbidity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015897", "descriptor_name": "Comorbidity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015897", "descriptor_name": "Comorbidity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015897", "descriptor_name": "Comorbidity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017677", "descriptor_name": "Age Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017677", "descriptor_name": "Age Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017677", "descriptor_name": "Age Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017677", "descriptor_name": "Age Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017677", "descriptor_name": "Age Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000150", "qualifier_name": "complications", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018352", "descriptor_name": "Coronavirus Infections", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055815", "descriptor_name": "Young Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055815", "descriptor_name": "Young Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055815", "descriptor_name": "Young Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055815", "descriptor_name": "Young Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055815", "descriptor_name": "Young Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D063806", "descriptor_name": "Myalgia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D063806", "descriptor_name": "Myalgia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D063806", "descriptor_name": "Myalgia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D063806", "descriptor_name": "Myalgia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D063806", "descriptor_name": "Myalgia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D063806", "descriptor_name": "Myalgia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D063806", "descriptor_name": "Myalgia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D063806", "descriptor_name": "Myalgia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D063806", "descriptor_name": "Myalgia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D063806", "descriptor_name": "Myalgia", "qualifier_ui": "Q000821", "qualifier_name": "virology", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5", "pdf_url": "http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673620301835/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S49861241", "display_name": "The Lancet", "issn_l": "0140-6736", "issn": ["0140-6736", "1474-547X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Lancet", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:31986264", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31986264", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Lancet (London, England)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7159299", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7159299", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Lancet", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5", "pdf_url": "http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673620301835/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S49861241", "display_name": "The Lancet", "issn_l": "0140-6736", "issn": ["0140-6736", "1474-547X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Lancet", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "display_name": "Good health and well-being", "score": 0.7900000214576721}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G1249390941", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2020YFC0841300", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335777", "funder_display_name": "National Key Research and Development Program of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G2583680303", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CIFMS", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320323137", "funder_display_name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3395145477", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "CIFMS 2018-I2M-1-003", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320323137", "funder_display_name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4811743277", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2018YFC", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335777", "funder_display_name": "National Key Research and Development Program of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5229675980", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2018-I2M-1-003", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320323137", "funder_display_name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5435810670", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2018YFC1200102", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335777", "funder_display_name": "National Key Research and Development Program of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6002354515", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2016-I2M-1-014", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320323137", "funder_display_name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G808237912", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2020YFC", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335777", "funder_display_name": "National Key Research and Development Program of China"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320323137", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/03cve4549"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320329926", "display_name": "National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China", "ror": null}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335777", "display_name": "National Key Research and Development Program of China", "ror": null}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3001118548.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 37, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1761204585", "https://openalex.org/W1977050884", "https://openalex.org/W1993577573", "https://openalex.org/W2006434809", "https://openalex.org/W2026274122", "https://openalex.org/W2034462612", "https://openalex.org/W2046153984", "https://openalex.org/W2054076340", "https://openalex.org/W2062817591", "https://openalex.org/W2070463916", "https://openalex.org/W2073060575", "https://openalex.org/W2104548316", "https://openalex.org/W2112147913", "https://openalex.org/W2114699265", "https://openalex.org/W2131262274", "https://openalex.org/W2132260239", "https://openalex.org/W2150120685", "https://openalex.org/W2166867592", "https://openalex.org/W2168446943", "https://openalex.org/W2397221660", "https://openalex.org/W2565805236", "https://openalex.org/W2725497285", "https://openalex.org/W2769689735", "https://openalex.org/W2790127336", "https://openalex.org/W2791599184", "https://openalex.org/W2903899730", "https://openalex.org/W3000139095", "https://openalex.org/W3000413850", "https://openalex.org/W3017468735", "https://openalex.org/W3032912912", "https://openalex.org/W3033599099", "https://openalex.org/W3034453825", "https://openalex.org/W3125942575", "https://openalex.org/W3158868742", "https://openalex.org/W3216146939", "https://openalex.org/W6677077783", "https://openalex.org/W6804363960"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2087488583", "https://openalex.org/W4280625170", "https://openalex.org/W3108472106", "https://openalex.org/W2102858081", "https://openalex.org/W2012032058", "https://openalex.org/W2336896728", "https://openalex.org/W2510552373", "https://openalex.org/W2259358466", "https://openalex.org/W2137905551", "https://openalex.org/W2335083976"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 198}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1298}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2882}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5098}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 8379}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 14220}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 19419}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 38}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 4}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1968834637", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017", "title": "Colorimetric Method for Determination of Sugars and Related Substances", "display_name": "Colorimetric Method for Determination of Sugars and Related Substances", "publication_year": 1956, "publication_date": "1956-03-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1968834637", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017", "mag": "1968834637"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1021/ac60111a017", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S191963794", "display_name": "Analytical Chemistry", "issn_l": "0003-2700", "issn": ["0003-2700", "1520-6882"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320006", "host_organization_name": "American Chemical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Chemical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110084601", "display_name": "Michel Dubois", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Michel. DuBois", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032143520", "display_name": "K. A. Gilles", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "K. A. Gilles", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018540195", "display_name": "J. K. Hamilton", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. K. Hamilton", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5050231739", "display_name": "P. A. Rebers", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "P. A. Rebers", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109983911", "display_name": "F. Smith", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Fred. Smith", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5110084601"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 28.1713, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 51277, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99944009, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "28", "issue": "3", "first_page": "350", "last_page": "356"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11584", "display_name": "Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "score": 0.9890000224113464, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2916", "display_name": "Nutrition and Dietetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/29", "display_name": "Nursing"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11584", "display_name": "Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques", "score": 0.9890000224113464, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2916", "display_name": "Nutrition and Dietetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/29", "display_name": "Nursing"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10908", "display_name": "Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography", "score": 0.9889000058174133, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1607", "display_name": "Spectroscopy"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11667", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies", "score": 0.9810000061988831, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/citation", "display_name": "Citation", "score": 0.7259050607681274}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/icon", "display_name": "Icon", "score": 0.6848458051681519}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/altmetrics", "display_name": "Altmetrics", "score": 0.6762385368347168}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media", "display_name": "Social media", "score": 0.5959833860397339}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5502746105194092}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval", "display_name": "Information retrieval", "score": 0.47126293182373047}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science", "display_name": "Library science", "score": 0.34398365020751953}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "score": 0.3237406015396118}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778805511", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713", "display_name": "Citation", "level": 2, "score": 0.7259050607681274}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778447006", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156474", "display_name": "Icon", "level": 2, "score": 0.6848458051681519}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778407487", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14565201", "display_name": "Altmetrics", "level": 2, "score": 0.6762385368347168}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C518677369", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833", "display_name": "Social media", "level": 2, "score": 0.5959833860397339}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5502746105194092}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826", "display_name": "Information retrieval", "level": 1, "score": 0.47126293182373047}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655", "display_name": "Library science", "level": 1, "score": 0.34398365020751953}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "level": 1, "score": 0.3237406015396118}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1021/ac60111a017", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S191963794", "display_name": "Analytical Chemistry", "issn_l": "0003-2700", "issn": ["0003-2700", "1520-6882"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320006", "host_organization_name": "American Chemical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Chemical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 39, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W26737565", "https://openalex.org/W105569214", "https://openalex.org/W132873224", "https://openalex.org/W1512986288", "https://openalex.org/W1562322062", "https://openalex.org/W1968004330", "https://openalex.org/W1969241203", "https://openalex.org/W1970104803", "https://openalex.org/W1977294825", "https://openalex.org/W1982816498", "https://openalex.org/W1983093958", "https://openalex.org/W1985160558", "https://openalex.org/W1985247710", "https://openalex.org/W1998244419", "https://openalex.org/W1998926818", "https://openalex.org/W1999881597", "https://openalex.org/W2004431960", "https://openalex.org/W2006382396", "https://openalex.org/W2014302440", "https://openalex.org/W2036191024", "https://openalex.org/W2038138527", "https://openalex.org/W2040357427", "https://openalex.org/W2041400666", "https://openalex.org/W2048036627", "https://openalex.org/W2058256529", "https://openalex.org/W2059800873", "https://openalex.org/W2074008179", "https://openalex.org/W2080655980", "https://openalex.org/W2087015715", "https://openalex.org/W2099139884", "https://openalex.org/W2105549055", "https://openalex.org/W2148588123", "https://openalex.org/W2161821099", "https://openalex.org/W2313403791", "https://openalex.org/W2318192201", "https://openalex.org/W2329323483", "https://openalex.org/W2332925975", "https://openalex.org/W2395079662", "https://openalex.org/W3022032037"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2618017038", "https://openalex.org/W2166317738", "https://openalex.org/W2073023209", "https://openalex.org/W1990918794", "https://openalex.org/W2808646405", "https://openalex.org/W3175319091", "https://openalex.org/W3150373829", "https://openalex.org/W4360922125", "https://openalex.org/W4384945517"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"ADVERTISEMENT": [0], "RETURN": [1], "TO": [2], "ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColorimetric": [3], "Method": [4], "for": [5, 150], "Determination": [6], "of": [7, 57, 92, 118], "Sugars": [8], "and": [9, 22, 67, 72, 101, 145, 162, 178, 180], "Related": [10], "SubstancesMichel.": [11], "DuBois,": [12], "K.": [13, 17], "A.": [14, 20], "Gilles,": [15], "J.": [16], "Hamilton,": [18], "P.": [19], "Rebers,": [21], "Fred.": [23], "SmithCite": [24], "this:": [25], "Anal.": [26], "Chem.": [27], "1956,": [28], "28,": [29], "3,": [30], "350\u2013356Publication": [31], "Date": [32], "(Print):March": [33], "1,": [34], "1956Publication": [35], "History": [36], "Published": [37], "online1": [38], "May": [39], "2002Published": [40], "inissue": [41], "1": [42], "March": [43], "1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60111a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017research-articleACS": [44], "PublicationsRequest": [45], "reuse": [46], "permissionsArticle": [47], "Views60836Altmetric-Citations37027LEARN": [48], "ABOUT": [49], "THESE": [50], "METRICSArticle": [51], "Views": [52], "are": [53, 76, 89], "the": [54, 85, 90, 119, 130, 143, 146, 151, 158, 164], "COUNTER-compliant": [55], "sum": [56], "full": [58], "text": [59], "article": [60, 124], "downloads": [61], "since": [62], "November": [63], "2008": [64], "(both": [65], "PDF": [66], "HTML)": [68], "across": [69], "all": [70], "institutions": [71], "individuals.": [73], "These": [74], "metrics": [75], "regularly": [77], "updated": [78, 102], "to": [79, 84], "reflect": [80], "usage": [81], "leading": [82], "up": [83], "last": [86], "few": [87], "days.Citations": [88], "number": [91], "other": [93], "articles": [94], "citing": [95], "this": [96], "article,": [97], "calculated": [98], "by": [99], "Crossref": [100, 108], "daily.": [103], "Find": [104, 154], "more": [105, 155], "information": [106, 156], "about": [107, 142], "citation": [109], "counts.The": [110], "Altmetric": [111, 159], "Attention": [112, 160], "Score": [113, 161], "is": [114, 166], "a": [115, 122, 135], "quantitative": [116], "measure": [117], "attention": [120], "that": [121], "research": [123], "has": [125], "received": [126], "online.": [127], "Clicking": [128], "on": [129, 157], "donut": [131], "icon": [132], "will": [133], "load": [134], "page": [136], "at": [137], "altmetric.com": [138], "with": [139, 174], "additional": [140], "details": [141], "score": [144, 165], "social": [147], "media": [148], "presence": [149], "given": [152], "article.": [153], "how": [163], "calculated.": [167], "Share": [168, 183], "Add": [169], "toView": [170], "InAdd": [171], "Full": [172], "Text": [173], "ReferenceAdd": [175], "Description": [176], "ExportRISCitationCitation": [177], "abstractCitation": [179], "referencesMore": [181], "Options": [182], "onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked": [184], "InRedditEmail": [185], "Other": [186], "access": [187], "optionsGet": [188], "e-Alertsclose": [189], "Get": [190], "e-Alerts": [191]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 541}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2125}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2244}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2296}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2445}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2437}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2324}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2073}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1973}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1773}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1710}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1804}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1758}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1508}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1447}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2135046866", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x", "title": "Regression Shrinkage and Selection Via the Lasso", "display_name": "Regression Shrinkage and Selection Via the Lasso", "publication_year": 1996, "publication_date": "1996-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2135046866", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x", "mag": "2135046866"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S145009937", "display_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology)", "issn_l": "1369-7412", "issn": ["1369-7412", "1467-9868"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027340494", "display_name": "Robert Tibshirani", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0553-5090"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I185261750", "display_name": "University of Toronto", "ror": "https://ror.org/03dbr7087", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Robert Tibshirani", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Toronto \u00a0 Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Toronto \u00a0 Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5027340494"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 14.1704, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 50939, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99257032, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "58", "issue": "1", "first_page": "267", "last_page": "288"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10136", "display_name": "Statistical Methods and Inference", "score": 0.9983000159263611, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10136", "display_name": "Statistical Methods and Inference", "score": 0.9983000159263611, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11901", "display_name": "Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models", "score": 0.9937999844551086, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11871", "display_name": "Advanced Statistical Methods and Models", "score": 0.9858999848365784, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/shrinkage", "display_name": "Shrinkage", "score": 0.874518632888794}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/lasso", "display_name": "Lasso (programming language)", "score": 0.8505476713180542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/selection", "display_name": "Selection (genetic algorithm)", "score": 0.6340270042419434}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regression", "display_name": "Regression", "score": 0.49282124638557434}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.3889550268650055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.37489551305770874}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.3567168712615967}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.33699044585227966}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C180145272", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7504144", "display_name": "Shrinkage", "level": 2, "score": 0.874518632888794}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C37616216", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3218363", "display_name": "Lasso (programming language)", "level": 2, "score": 0.8505476713180542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C81917197", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760", "display_name": "Selection (genetic algorithm)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6340270042419434}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C83546350", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051", "display_name": "Regression", "level": 2, "score": 0.49282124638557434}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3889550268650055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.37489551305770874}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.3567168712615967}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.33699044585227966}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S145009937", "display_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology)", "issn_l": "1369-7412", "issn": ["1369-7412", "1467-9868"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.35.7574", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.35.7574", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://utstat.toronto.edu/reports/tibs/lasso.ps", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15", "display_name": "Life in Land", "score": 0.4699999988079071}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 25, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W129423020", "https://openalex.org/W191129667", "https://openalex.org/W291003596", "https://openalex.org/W1594031697", "https://openalex.org/W1995945562", "https://openalex.org/W2007069447", "https://openalex.org/W2033872649", "https://openalex.org/W2054640142", "https://openalex.org/W2075665712", "https://openalex.org/W2079775628", "https://openalex.org/W2102201073", "https://openalex.org/W2106706098", "https://openalex.org/W2111814036", "https://openalex.org/W2117897510", "https://openalex.org/W2158940042", "https://openalex.org/W2162041430", "https://openalex.org/W2294690908", "https://openalex.org/W2333836441", "https://openalex.org/W2418785680", "https://openalex.org/W2797583072", "https://openalex.org/W3085162807", "https://openalex.org/W3106889297", "https://openalex.org/W4249303080", "https://openalex.org/W6667125519", "https://openalex.org/W6697419950"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2391958761", "https://openalex.org/W2765453142", "https://openalex.org/W2356780078", "https://openalex.org/W2356008845", "https://openalex.org/W255134961", "https://openalex.org/W2348314720", "https://openalex.org/W2243547089", "https://openalex.org/W1515021623", "https://openalex.org/W3155171010", "https://openalex.org/W2119862467"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"SUMMARY": [0], "We": [1], "propose": [2], "a": [3, 33, 119], "new": [4], "method": [5], "for": [6], "estimation": [7, 103], "in": [8, 100, 118], "linear": [9], "models.": [10, 56], "The": [11, 108], "\u2018lasso\u2019": [12], "minimizes": [13], "the": [14, 21, 24, 28, 37, 62, 67, 86], "residual": [15], "sum": [16, 22], "of": [17, 23, 27, 36, 39, 66, 70, 88, 121], "squares": [18], "subject": [19], "to": [20, 44, 125], "absolute": [25], "value": [26], "coefficients": [29, 47], "being": [30], "less": [31], "than": [32], "constant.": [34], "Because": [35], "nature": [38], "this": [40], "constraint": [41], "it": [42], "tends": [43], "produce": [45], "some": [46, 65], "that": [48, 61], "are": [49, 132], "exactly": [50], "0": [51], "and": [52, 74, 84, 106, 114, 129], "hence": [53], "gives": [54], "interpretable": [55, 79], "Our": [57], "simulation": [58], "studies": [59], "suggest": [60], "lasso": [63, 109], "enjoys": [64], "favourable": [68], "properties": [69], "both": [71], "subset": [72, 82], "selection": [73, 83], "ridge": [75, 89], "regression.": [76, 90], "It": [77], "produces": [78], "models": [80, 128, 131], "like": [81], "exhibits": [85], "stability": [87], "There": [91], "is": [92, 111], "also": [93], "an": [94], "interesting": [95], "relationship": [96], "with": [97], "recent": [98], "work": [99], "adaptive": [101], "function": [102], "by": [104], "Donoho": [105], "Johnstone.": [107], "idea": [110], "quite": [112], "general": [113], "can": [115], "be": [116], "applied": [117], "variety": [120], "statistical": [122], "models:": [123], "extensions": [124], "generalized": [126], "regression": [127], "tree-based": [130], "briefly": [133], "described.": [134]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 915}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4162}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3914}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3909}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3930}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4593}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4089}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3786}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3264}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2907}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2496}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2557}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2310}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1936}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1650}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2093274439", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010", "title": "Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support", "display_name": "Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support", "publication_year": 2008, "publication_date": "2008-10-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2093274439", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010", "mag": "2093274439", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18929686"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S11622463", "display_name": "Journal of Biomedical Informatics", "issn_l": "1532-0464", "issn": ["1532-0464", "1532-0480"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Biomedical Informatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2700030", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5016939870", "display_name": "Paul A. Harris", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1744-2011"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I200719446", "display_name": "Vanderbilt University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02vm5rt34", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Paul A. Harris", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 674, Nashville, TN 37212, USA. paul.harris@vanderbilt.edu", "Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 674, Nashville, TN 37212, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 674, Nashville, TN 37212, USA. paul.harris@vanderbilt.edu", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 674, Nashville, TN 37212, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5028916333", "display_name": "Robert Taylor", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8196-6218"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I200719446", "display_name": "Vanderbilt University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02vm5rt34", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Robert Taylor", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Office of Research Informatics, Vanderbilt University, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37212, USA#TAB#"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Office of Research Informatics, Vanderbilt University, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37212, USA#TAB#", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023564623", "display_name": "Robert J. Thielke", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204308271", "display_name": "Medical College of Wisconsin", "ror": "https://ror.org/00qqv6244", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Robert Thielke", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["General Clinical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "General Clinical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108345375", "display_name": "Jonathon Payne", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I200719446", "display_name": "Vanderbilt University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02vm5rt34", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jonathon Payne", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Biomedical Research Education and Training, Vanderbilt University, 340 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Biomedical Research Education and Training, Vanderbilt University, 340 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5057407051", "display_name": "Nathaniel Gonzalez", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I200399037", "display_name": "University of Puerto Rico System", "ror": "https://ror.org/02yg0nm07", "country_code": "PR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200399037"]}], "countries": ["PR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nathaniel Gonzalez", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Information Architecture in Research, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, PR 00936, USA#TAB#"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Information Architecture in Research, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, PR 00936, USA#TAB#", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200399037"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108689992", "display_name": "Jos\u00e9 G. Conde", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I200399037", "display_name": "University of Puerto Rico System", "ror": "https://ror.org/02yg0nm07", "country_code": "PR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I200399037"]}], "countries": ["PR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jose G. Conde", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Information Architecture in Research, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, PR 00936, USA#TAB#"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Information Architecture in Research, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, PR 00936, USA#TAB#", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200399037"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 6, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5016939870"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I200719446"], "apc_list": {"value": 2980, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 2980}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 15.6266, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 50247, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99467748, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "42", "issue": "2", "first_page": "377", "last_page": "381"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11710", "display_name": "Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies", "score": 0.9939000010490417, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11710", "display_name": "Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies", "score": 0.9939000010490417, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10215", "display_name": "Semantic Web and Ontologies", "score": 0.9889000058174133, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12601", "display_name": "Web Applications and Data Management", "score": 0.9391999840736389, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1710", "display_name": "Information Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-data-capture", "display_name": "Electronic data capture", "score": 0.9068393707275391}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow", "display_name": "Workflow", "score": 0.8138247728347778}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata", "display_name": "Metadata", "score": 0.7003195285797119}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.657383143901825}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/translational-research-informatics", "display_name": "Translational research informatics", "score": 0.5678851008415222}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment", "display_name": "Software deployment", "score": 0.5245792269706726}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software", "display_name": "Software", "score": 0.43162304162979126}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/translational-research", "display_name": "Translational research", "score": 0.4232727289199829}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability", "display_name": "Interoperability", "score": 0.42009884119033813}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/process", "display_name": "Process (computing)", "score": 0.41945937275886536}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science", "display_name": "Data science", "score": 0.39302095770835876}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering", "display_name": "Software engineering", "score": 0.34506237506866455}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining", "display_name": "Data mining", "score": 0.32229411602020264}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics", "display_name": "Health informatics", "score": 0.27851277589797974}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "score": 0.23228687047958374}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/database", "display_name": "Database", "score": 0.21383485198020935}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "score": 0.20051437616348267}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.1574927270412445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial", "display_name": "Clinical trial", "score": 0.15670081973075867}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/health-administration-informatics", "display_name": "Health Administration Informatics", "score": 0.10045966506004333}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C91790935", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358348", "display_name": "Electronic data capture", "level": 3, "score": 0.9068393707275391}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177212765", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335", "display_name": "Workflow", "level": 2, "score": 0.8138247728347778}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C93518851", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160", "display_name": "Metadata", "level": 2, "score": 0.7003195285797119}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.657383143901825}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C73851307", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834546", "display_name": "Translational research informatics", "level": 5, "score": 0.5678851008415222}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105339364", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740", "display_name": "Software deployment", "level": 2, "score": 0.5245792269706726}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.43162304162979126}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C128544194", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474859", "display_name": "Translational research", "level": 2, "score": 0.4232727289199829}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C20136886", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647", "display_name": "Interoperability", "level": 2, "score": 0.42009884119033813}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C98045186", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663", "display_name": "Process (computing)", "level": 2, "score": 0.41945937275886536}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463", "display_name": "Data science", "level": 1, "score": 0.39302095770835876}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115903868", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993", "display_name": "Software engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.34506237506866455}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.32229411602020264}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C145642194", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895", "display_name": "Health informatics", "level": 3, "score": 0.27851277589797974}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "level": 1, "score": 0.23228687047958374}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513", "display_name": "Database", "level": 1, "score": 0.21383485198020935}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C60644358", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "level": 1, "score": 0.20051437616348267}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.1574927270412445}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C535046627", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612", "display_name": "Clinical trial", "level": 2, "score": 0.15670081973075867}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C141363852", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690441", "display_name": "Health Administration Informatics", "level": 4, "score": 0.10045966506004333}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176", "display_name": "Nursing", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603", "display_name": "Public health", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D002986", "descriptor_name": "Clinical Trials as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002986", "descriptor_name": "Clinical Trials as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002986", "descriptor_name": "Clinical Trials as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002986", "descriptor_name": "Clinical Trials as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003625", "descriptor_name": "Data Collection", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003625", "descriptor_name": "Data Collection", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003625", "descriptor_name": "Data Collection", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003625", "descriptor_name": "Data Collection", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008490", "descriptor_name": "Medical Informatics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008490", "descriptor_name": "Medical Informatics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008490", "descriptor_name": "Medical Informatics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008490", "descriptor_name": "Medical Informatics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D035843", "descriptor_name": "Biomedical Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D035843", "descriptor_name": "Biomedical Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D035843", "descriptor_name": "Biomedical Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D035843", "descriptor_name": "Biomedical Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S11622463", "display_name": "Journal of Biomedical Informatics", "issn_l": "1532-0464", "issn": ["1532-0464", "1532-0480"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Biomedical Informatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:18929686", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18929686", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of biomedical informatics", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2700030", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2700030", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "J Biomed Inform", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2700030", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2700030", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "J Biomed Inform", "raw_type": "Text"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17", "display_name": "Partnerships for the goals", "score": 0.44999998807907104}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 6, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1977170040", "https://openalex.org/W2002970802", "https://openalex.org/W2077057017", "https://openalex.org/W2131485750", "https://openalex.org/W2411784622", "https://openalex.org/W4238391351"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2028085523", "https://openalex.org/W2586440750", "https://openalex.org/W2579956259", "https://openalex.org/W2232806625", "https://openalex.org/W2413579211", "https://openalex.org/W2086112825", "https://openalex.org/W2991044277", "https://openalex.org/W2145882012", "https://openalex.org/W3120443784", "https://openalex.org/W1606028670"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1538}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 6725}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 7566}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6359}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6272}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5845}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4588}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3072}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2365}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1869}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1429}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1081}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 705}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 415}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 228}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2142635246", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.1974.1100705", "title": "A new look at the statistical model identification", "display_name": "A new look at the statistical model identification", "publication_year": 1974, "publication_date": "1974-12-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2142635246", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.1974.1100705", "mag": "2142635246"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/tac.1974.1100705", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.1974.1100705", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S184954342", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control", "issn_l": "0018-9286", "issn": ["0018-9286", "1558-2523", "2334-3303"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/75703", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113631634", "display_name": "Hirotugu Akaike", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210134673", "display_name": "The Institute of Statistical Mathematics", "ror": "https://ror.org/03jcejr58", "country_code": "JP", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1319490839", "https://openalex.org/I4210134673", "https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "H. Akaike", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute for Statistical Mathematics, Minato, Tokyo, Japan", "Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Statistical Mathematics, Minato, Tokyo, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210134673"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210134673"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5113631634"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210134673"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 65.0174, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 50098, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99977422, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "19", "issue": "6", "first_page": "716", "last_page": "723"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10876", "display_name": "Fault Detection and Control Systems", "score": 0.9962999820709229, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2207", "display_name": "Control and Systems Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10876", "display_name": "Fault Detection and Control Systems", "score": 0.9962999820709229, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2207", "display_name": "Control and Systems Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12205", "display_name": "Time Series Analysis and Forecasting", "score": 0.9889000058174133, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1711", "display_name": "Signal Processing"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10711", "display_name": "Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks", "score": 0.9883000254631042, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/identification", "display_name": "Identification (biology)", "score": 0.6903277635574341}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing", "display_name": "Statistical hypothesis testing", "score": 0.6076122522354126}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model", "display_name": "Statistical model", "score": 0.5947930812835693}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood", "display_name": "Maximum likelihood", "score": 0.5825235247612}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/series", "display_name": "Series (stratigraphy)", "score": 0.5414995551109314}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory", "display_name": "Estimation theory", "score": 0.5410943627357483}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.4779788851737976}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.442747563123703}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-theory", "display_name": "Statistical theory", "score": 0.43538734316825867}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-analysis", "display_name": "Statistical analysis", "score": 0.4311748147010803}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/likelihood-ratio-test", "display_name": "Likelihood-ratio test", "score": 0.4197501540184021}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.41165655851364136}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.3982318341732025}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C116834253", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217", "display_name": "Identification (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6903277635574341}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C87007009", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832", "display_name": "Statistical hypothesis testing", "level": 2, "score": 0.6076122522354126}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C114289077", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399", "display_name": "Statistical model", "level": 2, "score": 0.5947930812835693}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49781872", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555", "display_name": "Maximum likelihood", "level": 2, "score": 0.5825235247612}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C143724316", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468", "display_name": "Series (stratigraphy)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5414995551109314}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C167928553", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021", "display_name": "Estimation theory", "level": 2, "score": 0.5410943627357483}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.4779788851737976}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.442747563123703}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C48057537", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3551145", "display_name": "Statistical theory", "level": 2, "score": 0.43538734316825867}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2986587452", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438", "display_name": "Statistical analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.4311748147010803}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C9483764", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585740", "display_name": "Likelihood-ratio test", "level": 2, "score": 0.4197501540184021}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.41165655851364136}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.3982318341732025}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205", "display_name": "Paleontology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C59822182", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441", "display_name": "Botany", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1109/tac.1974.1100705", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.1974.1100705", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S184954342", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control", "issn_l": "0018-9286", "issn": ["0018-9286", "1558-2523", "2334-3303"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/75703", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/75703", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402641", "display_name": "LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4383465926", "host_organization_name": "LA Referencia", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "reponame:Repositorio UN", "raw_type": "Trabajo de grado - Doctorado"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/75703", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/75703", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402641", "display_name": "LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4383465926", "host_organization_name": "LA Referencia", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "reponame:Repositorio UN", "raw_type": "Trabajo de grado - Doctorado"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 52, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1861937314", "https://openalex.org/W1974344680", "https://openalex.org/W1978091100", "https://openalex.org/W1978228017", "https://openalex.org/W1998386497", "https://openalex.org/W2006345955", "https://openalex.org/W2011077222", "https://openalex.org/W2013448945", "https://openalex.org/W2019650255", "https://openalex.org/W2030536645", "https://openalex.org/W2049889081", "https://openalex.org/W2058815839", "https://openalex.org/W2061317273", "https://openalex.org/W2070681743", "https://openalex.org/W2079356438", "https://openalex.org/W2090769493", "https://openalex.org/W2099756352", "https://openalex.org/W2110429782", "https://openalex.org/W2119730958", "https://openalex.org/W2123838014", "https://openalex.org/W2125796582", "https://openalex.org/W2133169306", "https://openalex.org/W2143082178", "https://openalex.org/W2147562646", "https://openalex.org/W2150813288", "https://openalex.org/W2156064084", "https://openalex.org/W2317912355", "https://openalex.org/W2321000076", "https://openalex.org/W2800702870", "https://openalex.org/W2801815080", "https://openalex.org/W2897129259", "https://openalex.org/W2903887236", "https://openalex.org/W2904223427", "https://openalex.org/W2904673549", "https://openalex.org/W2904746077", "https://openalex.org/W2905454757", "https://openalex.org/W2905464233", "https://openalex.org/W2947000318", "https://openalex.org/W3015420945", "https://openalex.org/W3015894552", "https://openalex.org/W3152223742", "https://openalex.org/W4242688646", "https://openalex.org/W4243797702", "https://openalex.org/W4244477943", "https://openalex.org/W4246048519", "https://openalex.org/W4246686683", "https://openalex.org/W4253477454", "https://openalex.org/W4255783720", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W4300176876", "https://openalex.org/W6665272994", "https://openalex.org/W6675074827"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2120595071", "https://openalex.org/W2610798632", "https://openalex.org/W2162067268", "https://openalex.org/W2116709453", "https://openalex.org/W2353424004", "https://openalex.org/W2138137679", "https://openalex.org/W3139607207", "https://openalex.org/W2162925157", "https://openalex.org/W2155160077", "https://openalex.org/W2371827284"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 37, 133], "history": [1], "of": [2, 5, 62, 85, 92, 102, 128, 136], "the": [3, 22, 31, 60, 73, 78, 81, 86, 90, 107, 122, 126], "development": [4], "statistical": [6, 34, 63, 115], "hypothesis": [7, 23, 130], "testing": [8, 24, 131], "in": [9, 125, 138], "time": [10, 139], "series": [11, 140], "analysis": [12, 141], "is": [13, 18, 26, 43, 57, 65, 75, 119, 142], "reviewed": [14, 44], "briefly": [15], "and": [16, 45, 80], "it": [17], "pointed": [19], "out": [20], "that": [21], "procedure": [25, 32, 42, 113], "not": [27], "adequately": [28], "defined": [29, 76, 94], "as": [30], "for": [33, 59, 114], "model": [35, 79, 116], "identification.": [36], "classical": [38], "maximum": [39, 82], "likelihood": [40, 83], "estimation": [41], "a": [46, 111], "new": [47], "estimate": [48, 54], "minimum": [49, 91], "information": [50], "theoretical": [51], "criterion": [52], "(AIC)": [53], "(MAICE)": [55], "which": [56, 88, 118], "designed": [58], "purpose": [61], "identification": [64, 117], "introduced.": [66], "When": [67], "there": [68], "are": [69], "several": [70], "competing": [71], "models": [72], "MAICE": [74, 109, 137], "by": [77, 95], "estimates": [84], "parameters": [87, 105], "give": [89], "AIC": [93, 96], "=": [97], "(-2)log-(maximum": [98], "likelihood)": [99], "+": [100], "2(number": [101], "independently": [103], "adjusted": [104], "within": [106], "model).": [108], "provides": [110], "versatile": [112], "free": [120], "from": [121], "ambiguities": [123], "inherent": [124], "application": [127], "conventional": [129], "procedure.": [132], "practical": [134], "utility": [135], "demonstrated": [143], "with": [144], "some": [145], "numerical": [146], "examples.": [147]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 610}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2628}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2498}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2571}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2739}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3100}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2808}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2655}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2433}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2431}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2245}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2374}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2349}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2278}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2095}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2964121744", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.cp.2021.42", "title": "", "display_name": "", "publication_year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2964121744", "mag": "2964121744"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:15333", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2021.42", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196569", "display_name": "DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2799853480", "host_organization_name": "Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "InProceedings"}, "type": "preprint", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2021.42", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024065815", "display_name": "Diederik P. Kingma", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Chen, Kuan-Lin", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Schulman, Rebecca", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Schulman, Rebecca", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5024065815"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 2596.8357, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 50097, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 94, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11612", "display_name": "Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.9948999881744385, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11612", "display_name": "Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.9948999881744385, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10963", "display_name": "Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research", "score": 0.9581999778747559, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2612", "display_name": "Numerical Analysis"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12676", "display_name": "Machine Learning and ELM", "score": 0.9531000256538391, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regret", "display_name": "Regret", "score": 0.6122738718986511}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5568274259567261}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization", "display_name": "Mathematical optimization", "score": 0.5504745244979858}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/diagonal", "display_name": "Diagonal", "score": 0.508443295955658}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-optimization", "display_name": "Stochastic optimization", "score": 0.5060886740684509}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence", "display_name": "Convergence (economics)", "score": 0.5008625984191895}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-convergence", "display_name": "Rate of convergence", "score": 0.49109363555908203}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem", "display_name": "Optimization problem", "score": 0.43487656116485596}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.3687055706977844}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/key", "display_name": "Key (lock)", "score": 0.08541631698608398}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C50817715", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79895177", "display_name": "Regret", "level": 2, "score": 0.6122738718986511}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5568274259567261}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126255220", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495", "display_name": "Mathematical optimization", "level": 1, "score": 0.5504745244979858}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C130367717", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189791", "display_name": "Diagonal", "level": 2, "score": 0.508443295955658}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C194387892", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747770", "display_name": "Stochastic optimization", "level": 2, "score": 0.5060886740684509}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777303404", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757", "display_name": "Convergence (economics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5008625984191895}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C57869625", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502", "display_name": "Rate of convergence", "level": 3, "score": 0.49109363555908203}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C137836250", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063", "display_name": "Optimization problem", "level": 2, "score": 0.43487656116485596}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.3687055706977844}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C26517878", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039", "display_name": "Key (lock)", "level": 2, "score": 0.08541631698608398}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833", "display_name": "Economic growth", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521", "display_name": "Computer security", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:15333", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2021.42", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196569", "display_name": "DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2799853480", "host_organization_name": "Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "InProceedings"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:16789", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DNA.28.4", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196569", "display_name": "DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2799853480", "host_organization_name": "Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "InProceedings"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:153105", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/data-driven-vrp-a-neural-network-model-to-learn-hidden-preferences-for-vrp(03c4dfc0-2788-47d1-ab75-d7396932a97b).html", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402573", "display_name": "VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I13469542", "host_organization_name": "Vrije Universiteit Brussel", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I13469542"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "publishedVersion"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:publications/a20791d3-1aff-464a-8544-268383c33a75", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6980v5", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400088", "display_name": "UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I887064364", "host_organization_name": "University of Amsterdam", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I887064364"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": ""}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:15333", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2021.42", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196569", "display_name": "DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2799853480", "host_organization_name": "Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "InProceedings"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1978745259", "https://openalex.org/W3127438322", "https://openalex.org/W4287330080", "https://openalex.org/W1990112656", "https://openalex.org/W2363855676", "https://openalex.org/W2152231846", "https://openalex.org/W195464835", "https://openalex.org/W193468460", "https://openalex.org/W2203568081", "https://openalex.org/W1991890515"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Designing": [0], "complex,": [1], "dynamic": [2], "yet": [3], "multi-functional": [4], "materials": [5, 16], "and": [6, 20, 31, 55, 82, 112, 136, 150, 168, 172, 183, 196], "devices": [7], "is": [8], "challenging": [9], "because": [10], "the": [11, 63, 94, 114, 118, 164, 179, 184], "design": [12, 65, 126, 166, 202], "spaces": [13], "for": [14, 42, 61, 87, 125], "these": [15, 68], "have": [17], "numerous": [18], "interdependent": [19], "often": [21], "conflicting": [22], "constraints.": [23], "Taking": [24], "inspiration": [25], "from": [26], "advances": [27], "in": [28, 34, 100, 216], "artificial": [29], "intelligence": [30], "their": [32], "applications": [33], "material": [35, 141, 180, 207], "discovery,": [36], "we": [37, 71, 159, 197, 205], "propose": [38], "a": [39, 52, 56, 73, 106, 131], "computational": [40], "method": [41, 49], "designing": [43], "metamorphic": [44], "DNA-co-polymerized": [45, 78], "hydrogel": [46, 79], "structures.": [47, 69], "The": [48], "consists": [50], "of": [51, 67, 77, 96, 117, 140, 186, 210], "coarse-grained": [53, 119], "simulation": [54, 76, 120], "deep": [57], "learning-guided": [58], "optimization": [59], "system": [60], "exploring": [62], "immense": [64], "space": [66, 167], "Here,": [70], "develop": [72], "simple": [74], "numeric": [75], "shape": [80, 187], "change": [81, 188], "seek": [83], "to": [84, 110, 121, 148, 162], "find": [85], "designs": [86, 142, 208], "structured": [88], "hydrogels": [89], "that": [90, 134, 143, 158, 189], "can": [91, 190], "fold": [92], "into": [93, 212], "shapes": [95], "different": [97, 101, 201, 214, 217], "Arabic": [98], "numerals": [99], "actuation": [102, 218], "states.": [103, 219], "We": [104, 128, 156, 174], "train": [105], "convolutional": [107], "neural": [108], "network": [109], "classify": [111], "score": [113], "geometric": [115], "outputs": [116], "provide": [122], "autonomous": [123], "feedback": [124], "optimization.": [127], "then": [129], "construct": [130], "genetic": [132], "algorithm": [133], "generates": [135], "selects": [137], "large": [138, 165], "batches": [139], "compete": [144], "with": [145], "one": [146], "another": [147], "evolve": [149], "converge": [151], "on": [152], "optimal": [153], "objective-matching": [154], "designs.": [155], "show": [157], "are": [160], "able": [161], "explore": [163], "learn": [169], "important": [170], "parameters": [171], "traits.": [173], "identify": [175], "vital": [176], "relationships": [177], "between": [178, 200], "scale": [181], "size": [182], "range": [185], "be": [191], "achieved": [192], "by": [193], "individual": [194], "domains": [195], "elucidate": [198], "trade-offs": [199], "parameters.": [203], "Finally,": [204], "discover": [206], "capable": [209], "transforming": [211], "multiple": [213], "digits": [215]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 242}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1401}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1617}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1701}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1623}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 13603}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 12370}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 9684}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 5084}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2088}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 591}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 81}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2019-07-30T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2049633694", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x", "title": "Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data Via the <i>EM</i> Algorithm", "display_name": "Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data Via the <i>EM</i> Algorithm", "publication_year": 1977, "publication_date": "1977-09-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2049633694", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x", "mag": "2049633694"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S145009937", "display_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology)", "issn_l": "1369-7412", "issn": ["1369-7412", "1467-9868"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5008304919", "display_name": "A. P. Dempster", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1341030882", "display_name": "Educational Testing Service", "ror": "https://ror.org/03b5q4637", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I136199984", "display_name": "Harvard University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03vek6s52", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "A. P. Dempster", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Harvard University and Educational Testing Service"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Harvard University and Educational Testing Service", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1341030882", "https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5107384928", "display_name": "N. M. Laird", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2066-3234"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I136199984", "display_name": "Harvard University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03vek6s52", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1341030882", "display_name": "Educational Testing Service", "ror": "https://ror.org/03b5q4637", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "N. M. Laird", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Harvard University and Educational Testing Service"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Harvard University and Educational Testing Service", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1341030882", "https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071941451", "display_name": "Donald B. Rubin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-9262"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I136199984", "display_name": "Harvard University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03vek6s52", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1341030882", "display_name": "Educational Testing Service", "ror": "https://ror.org/03b5q4637", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "D. B. Rubin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Harvard University and Educational Testing Service"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Harvard University and Educational Testing Service", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1341030882", "https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5008304919"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1341030882", "https://openalex.org/I136199984"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 63.959, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 49410, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99979786, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "39", "issue": "1", "first_page": "1", "last_page": "22"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11236", "display_name": "Control Systems and Identification", "score": 0.9912999868392944, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2207", "display_name": "Control and Systems Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11236", "display_name": "Control Systems and Identification", "score": 0.9912999868392944, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2207", "display_name": "Control and Systems Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10136", "display_name": "Statistical Methods and Inference", "score": 0.9908999800682068, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12814", "display_name": "Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference", "score": 0.9804999828338623, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood", "display_name": "Maximum likelihood", "score": 0.5996747016906738}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/expectation\u2013maximization-algorithm", "display_name": "Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm", "score": 0.5363290309906006}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5042461156845093}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.4238012731075287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.2628100514411926}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.22569432854652405}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C49781872", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555", "display_name": "Maximum likelihood", "level": 2, "score": 0.5996747016906738}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C182081679", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275153", "display_name": "Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm", "level": 3, "score": 0.5363290309906006}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5042461156845093}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.4238012731075287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.2628100514411926}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.22569432854652405}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S145009937", "display_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology)", "issn_l": "1369-7412", "issn": ["1369-7412", "1467-9868"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "display_name": "National Science Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 84, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W38009143", "https://openalex.org/W98826895", "https://openalex.org/W188593771", "https://openalex.org/W1506602547", "https://openalex.org/W1534467920", "https://openalex.org/W1575431606", "https://openalex.org/W1966502880", "https://openalex.org/W1973488670", "https://openalex.org/W1975165783", "https://openalex.org/W1976194443", "https://openalex.org/W1976611840", "https://openalex.org/W1982585616", "https://openalex.org/W1992036957", "https://openalex.org/W2000084758", "https://openalex.org/W2003229031", "https://openalex.org/W2003803494", "https://openalex.org/W2004499537", "https://openalex.org/W2010653905", "https://openalex.org/W2015065474", "https://openalex.org/W2018956877", "https://openalex.org/W2021051796", "https://openalex.org/W2024385229", "https://openalex.org/W2029031299", "https://openalex.org/W2030741364", "https://openalex.org/W2034806381", "https://openalex.org/W2045947390", "https://openalex.org/W2046033161", "https://openalex.org/W2046220244", "https://openalex.org/W2047311632", "https://openalex.org/W2052827106", "https://openalex.org/W2053565514", "https://openalex.org/W2074673068", "https://openalex.org/W2074960943", "https://openalex.org/W2077574412", "https://openalex.org/W2077788215", "https://openalex.org/W2082022582", "https://openalex.org/W2083475405", "https://openalex.org/W2083652222", "https://openalex.org/W2086699924", "https://openalex.org/W2093232920", "https://openalex.org/W2095917182", "https://openalex.org/W2097581696", "https://openalex.org/W2100358124", "https://openalex.org/W2106667515", "https://openalex.org/W2109956008", "https://openalex.org/W2115881827", "https://openalex.org/W2118570622", "https://openalex.org/W2121493622", "https://openalex.org/W2144578442", "https://openalex.org/W2149257209", "https://openalex.org/W2153890685", "https://openalex.org/W2157048381", "https://openalex.org/W2167631877", "https://openalex.org/W2169082384", "https://openalex.org/W2318405211", "https://openalex.org/W2319861256", "https://openalex.org/W2324542619", "https://openalex.org/W2327022120", "https://openalex.org/W2329346596", "https://openalex.org/W2330622735", "https://openalex.org/W2332826504", "https://openalex.org/W2333269907", "https://openalex.org/W2334452549", "https://openalex.org/W2403035479", "https://openalex.org/W2537683017", "https://openalex.org/W2550084403", "https://openalex.org/W2795495912", "https://openalex.org/W2795713670", "https://openalex.org/W2796796975", "https://openalex.org/W2797347654", "https://openalex.org/W2799557164", "https://openalex.org/W2800047181", "https://openalex.org/W2898920993", "https://openalex.org/W2904521336", "https://openalex.org/W2904928210", "https://openalex.org/W2946730417", "https://openalex.org/W4233782578", "https://openalex.org/W4238253035", "https://openalex.org/W4300923455", "https://openalex.org/W4300936066", "https://openalex.org/W6604030440", "https://openalex.org/W6607674834", "https://openalex.org/W6630272163", "https://openalex.org/W6645882880"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1978153144", "https://openalex.org/W102848802", "https://openalex.org/W2982058819", "https://openalex.org/W2130734797", "https://openalex.org/W3176361882", "https://openalex.org/W2025556230", "https://openalex.org/W2150061385", "https://openalex.org/W1544505002", "https://openalex.org/W1607666867", "https://openalex.org/W1512911331"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Summary": [0], "A": [1], "broadly": [2], "applicable": [3], "algorithm": [4, 32], "for": [5], "computing": [6], "maximum": [7], "likelihood": [8, 27], "estimates": [9], "from": [10], "incomplete": [11], "data": [12], "is": [13, 33], "presented": [14], "at": [15], "various": [16], "levels": [17], "of": [18, 25, 30], "generality.": [19], "Theory": [20], "showing": [21], "the": [22, 26, 31], "monotone": [23], "behaviour": [24], "and": [28, 62], "convergence": [29], "derived.": [34], "Many": [35], "examples": [36], "are": [37], "sketched,": [38], "including": [39], "missing": [40], "value": [41], "situations,": [42], "applications": [43], "to": [44], "grouped,": [45], "censored": [46], "or": [47], "truncated": [48], "data,": [49], "finite": [50], "mixture": [51], "models,": [52], "variance": [53], "component": [54], "estimation,": [55, 57], "hyperparameter": [56], "iteratively": [58], "reweighted": [59], "least": [60], "squares": [61], "factor": [63], "analysis.": [64]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 248}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1218}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1223}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1335}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1504}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1970}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2023}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2130}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2054}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1964}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2108}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2293}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2477}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2447}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2299}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3023540311", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-0936", "title": "Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning", "display_name": "Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning", "publication_year": 1989, "publication_date": "1989-10-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3023540311", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-0936", "mag": "3023540311"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5860/choice.27-0936", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-0936", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764375719", "display_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "issn_l": "0009-4978", "issn": ["0009-4978", "1523-8253", "1943-5975"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "host_organization_name": "Association of College and Research Libraries", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "https://openalex.org/P4310315903"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association of College and Research Libraries", "American Library Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 216.7421, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 49335, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "27", "issue": "02", "first_page": "27", "last_page": "0936"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10100", "display_name": "Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research", "score": 0.6865000128746033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10100", "display_name": "Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research", "score": 0.6865000128746033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.64090496301651}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.4825281798839569}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.4684337079524994}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-control-and-genetic-algorithms", "display_name": "Quality control and genetic algorithms", "score": 0.4515381157398224}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.39135777950286865}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm", "display_name": "Genetic algorithm", "score": 0.37594497203826904}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-optimization", "display_name": "Meta-optimization", "score": 0.18808576464653015}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.64090496301651}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.4825281798839569}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.4684337079524994}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C161164918", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268775", "display_name": "Quality control and genetic algorithms", "level": 4, "score": 0.4515381157398224}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.39135777950286865}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8880873", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787", "display_name": "Genetic algorithm", "level": 2, "score": 0.37594497203826904}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C4935549", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822261", "display_name": "Meta-optimization", "level": 3, "score": 0.18808576464653015}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.5860/choice.27-0936", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-0936", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764375719", "display_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "issn_l": "0009-4978", "issn": ["0009-4978", "1523-8253", "1943-5975"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "host_organization_name": "Association of College and Research Libraries", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "https://openalex.org/P4310315903"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association of College and Research Libraries", "American Library Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4", "display_name": "Quality Education", "score": 0.800000011920929}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2961085424", "https://openalex.org/W4306674287", "https://openalex.org/W4224009465", "https://openalex.org/W2030843598", "https://openalex.org/W2381755277", "https://openalex.org/W4360996914", "https://openalex.org/W2509607449", "https://openalex.org/W1608872107", "https://openalex.org/W2786126153", "https://openalex.org/W2360904702"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"From": [0], "the": [1, 14], "Publisher:\r\nThis": [2], "book": [3], "brings": [4], "together": [5], "-": [6, 13], "in": [7, 35], "an": [8], "informal": [9], "and": [10, 19, 27, 45, 63, 70], "tutorial": [11], "fashion": [12], "computer": [15, 52, 68], "techniques,": [16], "mathematical": [17], "tools,": [18], "research": [20], "results": [21], "that": [22], "will": [23], "enable": [24], "both": [25], "students": [26], "practitioners": [28], "to": [29, 33], "apply": [30], "genetic": [31], "algorithms": [32, 47], "problems": [34], "many": [36], "fields.": [37], "\r\n\r\nMajor": [38], "concepts": [39], "are": [40, 48], "illustrated": [41, 49], "with": [42], "running": [43], "examples,": [44], "major": [46], "by": [50], "Pascal": [51], "programs.": [53], "No": [54], "prior": [55], "knowledge": [56], "of": [57, 67], "GAs": [58], "or": [59], "genetics": [60], "is": [61, 73], "assumed,": [62], "only": [64], "a": [65], "minimum": [66], "programming": [69], "mathematics": [71], "background": [72], "required.": [74]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 312}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 480}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 736}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 722}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1091}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1203}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1219}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1396}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1475}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1727}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1773}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2002}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2166}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2360}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2000445173", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8", "title": "A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation", "display_name": "A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation", "publication_year": 1987, "publication_date": "1987-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2000445173", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8", "mag": "2000445173", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3558716"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S69091592", "display_name": "Journal of Chronic Diseases", "issn_l": "0021-9681", "issn": ["0021-9681", "1878-0679"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320146", "host_organization_name": "Pergamon Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320146"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Pergamon Press"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Chronic Diseases", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5105301983", "display_name": "Mary E. Charlson", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1340179700", "display_name": "NewYork\u2013Presbyterian Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03gzbrs57", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "display_name": "Cornell University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bnh6r87", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Mary E. Charlson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, U.S.A"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, U.S.A", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295", "https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041225023", "display_name": "Peter Pompei", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2332-3318"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1340179700", "display_name": "NewYork\u2013Presbyterian Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03gzbrs57", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "display_name": "Cornell University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bnh6r87", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Peter Pompei", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, U.S.A"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, U.S.A", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295", "https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111785718", "display_name": "Kathy L. Ale\u0161", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1340179700", "display_name": "NewYork\u2013Presbyterian Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03gzbrs57", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "display_name": "Cornell University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bnh6r87", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kathy L. Ales", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, U.S.A"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, U.S.A", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295", "https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103589646", "display_name": "C. Ronald MacKenzie", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1340179700", "display_name": "NewYork\u2013Presbyterian Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03gzbrs57", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "display_name": "Cornell University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bnh6r87", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "C.Ronald MacKenzie", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, U.S.A"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, U.S.A", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295", "https://openalex.org/I1340179700"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5105301983"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1340179700", "https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 8.9298, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 49263, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.98132724, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "40", "issue": "5", "first_page": "373", "last_page": "383"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12246", "display_name": "Chronic Disease Management Strategies", "score": 0.9980999827384949, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2713", "display_name": "Epidemiology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12246", "display_name": "Chronic Disease Management Strategies", "score": 0.9980999827384949, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2713", "display_name": "Epidemiology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11467", "display_name": "Trauma and Emergency Care Studies", "score": 0.996399998664856, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2711", "display_name": "Emergency Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11095", "display_name": "Emergency and Acute Care Studies", "score": 0.9939000010490417, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2711", "display_name": "Emergency Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity", "display_name": "Comorbidity", "score": 0.8252949714660645}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.7662451267242432}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-study", "display_name": "Longitudinal study", "score": 0.5341106653213501}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/disease", "display_name": "Disease", "score": 0.5240614414215088}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/seriousness", "display_name": "Seriousness", "score": 0.5213383436203003}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort", "display_name": "Cohort", "score": 0.5192994475364685}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "score": 0.46486765146255493}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort-study", "display_name": "Cohort study", "score": 0.4603767991065979}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/proportional-hazards-model", "display_name": "Proportional hazards model", "score": 0.41464143991470337}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/demography", "display_name": "Demography", "score": 0.35011017322540283}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology", "display_name": "Pathology", "score": 0.10881826281547546}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779159551", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874", "display_name": "Comorbidity", "level": 2, "score": 0.8252949714660645}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.7662451267242432}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777895361", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614", "display_name": "Longitudinal study", "level": 2, "score": 0.5341106653213501}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779134260", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136", "display_name": "Disease", "level": 2, "score": 0.5240614414215088}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776650110", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12891156", "display_name": "Seriousness", "level": 2, "score": 0.5213383436203003}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C72563966", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415", "display_name": "Cohort", "level": 2, "score": 0.5192994475364685}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.46486765146255493}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C201903717", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788", "display_name": "Cohort study", "level": 2, "score": 0.4603767991065979}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50382708", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218", "display_name": "Proportional hazards model", "level": 2, "score": 0.41464143991470337}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149923435", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732", "display_name": "Demography", "level": 1, "score": 0.35011017322540283}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.10881826281547546}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000206", "descriptor_name": "Actuarial Analysis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000206", "descriptor_name": "Actuarial Analysis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000206", "descriptor_name": "Actuarial Analysis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000367", "descriptor_name": "Age Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000367", "descriptor_name": "Age Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000367", "descriptor_name": "Age Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001943", "descriptor_name": "Breast Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001943", "descriptor_name": "Breast Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001943", "descriptor_name": "Breast Neoplasms", "qualifier_ui": "Q000453", "qualifier_name": "epidemiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004812", "descriptor_name": "Epidemiologic Methods", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004812", "descriptor_name": "Epidemiologic Methods", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004812", "descriptor_name": "Epidemiologic Methods", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005500", "descriptor_name": "Follow-Up Studies", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005500", "descriptor_name": "Follow-Up Studies", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005500", "descriptor_name": "Follow-Up Studies", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008137", "descriptor_name": "Longitudinal Studies", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008137", "descriptor_name": "Longitudinal Studies", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008137", "descriptor_name": "Longitudinal Studies", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009017", "descriptor_name": "Morbidity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009017", "descriptor_name": "Morbidity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009017", "descriptor_name": "Morbidity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009519", "descriptor_name": "New York City", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009519", "descriptor_name": "New York City", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009519", "descriptor_name": "New York City", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011379", "descriptor_name": "Prognosis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011379", "descriptor_name": "Prognosis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011379", "descriptor_name": "Prognosis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011446", "descriptor_name": "Prospective Studies", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011446", "descriptor_name": "Prospective Studies", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011446", "descriptor_name": "Prospective Studies", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012306", "descriptor_name": "Risk", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012306", "descriptor_name": "Risk", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012306", "descriptor_name": "Risk", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S69091592", "display_name": "Journal of Chronic Diseases", "issn_l": "0021-9681", "issn": ["0021-9681", "1878-0679"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320146", "host_organization_name": "Pergamon Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320146"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Pergamon Press"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Chronic Diseases", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:3558716", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3558716", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of chronic diseases", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "display_name": "Good health and well-being", "score": 0.8600000143051147}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 13, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1580788756", "https://openalex.org/W1954040579", "https://openalex.org/W1979767919", "https://openalex.org/W1990305379", "https://openalex.org/W1992558210", "https://openalex.org/W1996063904", "https://openalex.org/W2038135923", "https://openalex.org/W2038252730", "https://openalex.org/W2041055738", "https://openalex.org/W2092671961", "https://openalex.org/W2106147539", "https://openalex.org/W2792386663", "https://openalex.org/W3147894994"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2028614536", "https://openalex.org/W2356638506", "https://openalex.org/W1991763283", "https://openalex.org/W2089959096", "https://openalex.org/W1971282566", "https://openalex.org/W2129752208", "https://openalex.org/W3166651797", "https://openalex.org/W2276473168", "https://openalex.org/W2030309204", "https://openalex.org/W4309530282"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 686}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3108}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3791}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3440}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3602}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4008}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3719}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2821}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2591}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2513}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2476}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2313}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2182}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1890}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1659}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2152311269", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099", "title": "A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION", "display_name": "A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION", "publication_year": 1959, "publication_date": "1959-08-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2152311269", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099", "mag": "2152311269", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13671378"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1139/o59-099", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210182832", "display_name": "Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology", "issn_l": "0576-5544", "issn": ["0576-5544"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310312929", "host_organization_name": "Canadian Science Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310312929"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Canadian Science Publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5089452951", "display_name": "E. G. Bligh", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "E. G. Bligh", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032047957", "display_name": "W. J. Dyer", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "W. J. Dyer", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5089452951"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 16.7097, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 48766, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99615385, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "37", "issue": "8", "first_page": "911", "last_page": "917"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10387", "display_name": "Fatty Acid Research and Health", "score": 0.9968000054359436, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2916", "display_name": "Nutrition and Dietetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/29", "display_name": "Nursing"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10387", "display_name": "Fatty Acid Research and Health", "score": 0.9968000054359436, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2916", "display_name": "Nutrition and Dietetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/29", "display_name": "Nursing"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11844", "display_name": "Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis", "score": 0.9950000047683716, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1303", "display_name": "Biochemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10836", "display_name": "Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies", "score": 0.9926000237464905, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chloroform", "display_name": "Chloroform", "score": 0.8842306137084961}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography", "display_name": "Chromatography", "score": 0.7442933320999146}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction", "display_name": "Extraction (chemistry)", "score": 0.6755035519599915}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.6193746328353882}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dilution", "display_name": "Dilution", "score": 0.4759925603866577}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/methanol", "display_name": "Methanol", "score": 0.4276466965675354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "score": 0.4150148630142212}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.21345272660255432}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "score": 0.13929331302642822}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery", "display_name": "Fishery", "score": 0.0713861882686615}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781144210", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172275", "display_name": "Chloroform", "level": 2, "score": 0.8842306137084961}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050", "display_name": "Chromatography", "level": 1, "score": 0.7442933320999146}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C4725764", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704", "display_name": "Extraction (chemistry)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6755035519599915}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.6193746328353882}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C96618451", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3028008", "display_name": "Dilution", "level": 2, "score": 0.4759925603866577}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779607525", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14982", "display_name": "Methanol", "level": 2, "score": 0.4276466965675354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909208804", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282", "display_name": "Fish <Actinopterygii>", "level": 2, "score": 0.4150148630142212}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.21345272660255432}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.13929331302642822}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C505870484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538", "display_name": "Fishery", "level": 1, "score": 0.0713861882686615}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C97355855", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D005399", "descriptor_name": "Fishes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005399", "descriptor_name": "Fishes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005399", "descriptor_name": "Fishes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008055", "descriptor_name": "Lipids", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008055", "descriptor_name": "Lipids", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008055", "descriptor_name": "Lipids", "qualifier_ui": "Q000032", "qualifier_name": "analysis", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1139/o59-099", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210182832", "display_name": "Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology", "issn_l": "0576-5544", "issn": ["0576-5544"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310312929", "host_organization_name": "Canadian Science Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310312929"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Canadian Science Publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:13671378", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13671378", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Canadian journal of biochemistry and physiology", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14", "display_name": "Life below water", "score": 0.6299999952316284}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 5, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1534835840", "https://openalex.org/W2012824935", "https://openalex.org/W2023492027", "https://openalex.org/W2168526937", "https://openalex.org/W2330914485"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3214055117", "https://openalex.org/W1991957997", "https://openalex.org/W2033035014", "https://openalex.org/W2072335956", "https://openalex.org/W1560305416", "https://openalex.org/W2292041318", "https://openalex.org/W2062642367", "https://openalex.org/W4244225671", "https://openalex.org/W2032615535", "https://openalex.org/W1982872611"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Lipid": [0], "decomposition": [1], "studies": [2], "in": [3, 34, 59, 71], "frozen": [4], "fish": [5, 118], "have": [6], "led": [7], "to": [8, 117, 125], "the": [9, 18, 69, 72, 80, 85, 90, 93, 98, 109], "development": [10], "of": [11, 22, 55], "a": [12, 53, 63], "simple": [13], "and": [14, 20, 42, 57, 77, 92, 120], "rapid": [15], "method": [16, 113], "for": [17], "extraction": [19], "purification": [21], "lipids": [23, 91], "from": [24, 44], "biological": [25], "materials.": [26], "The": [27, 47, 112], "entire": [28], "procedure": [29], "can": [30], "be": [31, 123], "carried": [32], "out": [33], "approximately": [35], "10": [36], "minutes;": [37], "it": [38], "is": [39, 50, 66, 104], "efficient,": [40], "reproducible,": [41], "free": [43], "deleterious": [45], "manipulations.": [46], "wet": [48], "tissue": [49], "homogenized": [51], "with": [52, 68, 75, 127], "mixture": [54], "chloroform": [56, 76, 86, 110], "methanol": [58], "such": [60], "proportions": [61], "that": [62], "miscible": [64], "system": [65], "formed": [67], "water": [70, 78], "tissue.": [73], "Dilution": [74], "separates": [79], "homogenate": [81], "into": [82], "two": [83], "layers,": [84], "layer": [87, 95], "containing": [88, 96], "all": [89, 97], "methanolic": [94], "non-lipids.": [99], "A": [100], "purified": [101], "lipid": [102], "extract": [103], "obtained": [105], "merely": [106], "by": [107], "isolating": [108], "layer.": [111], "has": [114], "been": [115], "applied": [116], "muscle": [119], "may": [121], "easily": [122], "adapted": [124], "use": [126], "other": [128], "tissues.": [129]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 187}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 889}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1135}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1219}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1255}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1906}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2013}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1598}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1526}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1603}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1663}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1722}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1728}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1687}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1499}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2152207030", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197", "title": "MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0", "display_name": "MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0", "publication_year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-10-16", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2152207030", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197", "mag": "2152207030", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24132122"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/molbev/mst197", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/30/12/2725/19498310/mst197.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/30/12/2725/19498310/mst197.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007823743", "display_name": "Koichiro Tamura", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-5399"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I69740276", "display_name": "Tokyo Metropolitan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00ws30h19", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Koichiro Tamura", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan", "Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5067791761", "display_name": "Glen Stecher", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I55732556", "display_name": "Arizona State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03efmqc40", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Glen Stecher", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5028632294", "display_name": "Daniel S. Peterson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4639-6544"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I55732556", "display_name": "Arizona State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03efmqc40", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Daniel Peterson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111452408", "display_name": "Alan Filipski", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I55732556", "display_name": "Arizona State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03efmqc40", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alan Filipski", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100680948", "display_name": "Sudhir Kumar", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-8212"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I185163786", "display_name": "King Abdulaziz University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ma4wv74", "country_code": "SA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I55732556", "display_name": "Arizona State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03efmqc40", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}], "countries": ["SA", "US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Sudhir Kumar", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University", "Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia", "Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 3, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5100680948"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I185163786", "https://openalex.org/I55732556"], "apc_list": {"value": 3255, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3255}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1888.3358, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 47722, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "30", "issue": "12", "first_page": "2725", "last_page": "2729"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11764", "display_name": "Evolution and Genetic Dynamics", "score": 0.9959999918937683, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311", "display_name": "Genetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10012", "display_name": "Genetic diversity and population structure", "score": 0.9940000176429749, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311", "display_name": "Genetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.6660643815994263}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetic-tree", "display_name": "Phylogenetic tree", "score": 0.6090471744537354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mega", "display_name": "Mega-", "score": 0.5820974111557007}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetics", "display_name": "Phylogenetics", "score": 0.5538314580917358}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence", "display_name": "Divergence (linguistics)", "score": 0.5443888902664185}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/inference", "display_name": "Inference", "score": 0.5366353988647461}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/wizard", "display_name": "Wizard", "score": 0.4915555417537689}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface", "display_name": "Graphical user interface", "score": 0.47767123579978943}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/human-evolutionary-genetics", "display_name": "Human evolutionary genetics", "score": 0.4723181426525116}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software", "display_name": "Software", "score": 0.4381397068500519}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.42937353253364563}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sequence-alignment", "display_name": "Multiple sequence alignment", "score": 0.4222777783870697}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "score": 0.4127037525177002}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "score": 0.40993618965148926}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-alignment", "display_name": "Sequence alignment", "score": 0.3587774932384491}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.23148903250694275}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language", "display_name": "Programming language", "score": 0.2039056420326233}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.13126027584075928}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.08726522326469421}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.6660643815994263}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C193252679", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125", "display_name": "Phylogenetic tree", "level": 3, "score": 0.6090471744537354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781078984", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107205", "display_name": "Mega-", "level": 2, "score": 0.5820974111557007}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C90132467", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184", "display_name": "Phylogenetics", "level": 3, "score": 0.5538314580917358}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C207390915", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525", "display_name": "Divergence (linguistics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5443888902664185}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776214188", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386", "display_name": "Inference", "level": 2, "score": 0.5366353988647461}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776784076", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580334", "display_name": "Wizard", "level": 2, "score": 0.4915555417537689}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C37789001", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782543", "display_name": "Graphical user interface", "level": 2, "score": 0.47767123579978943}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C167683757", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937774", "display_name": "Human evolutionary genetics", "level": 4, "score": 0.4723181426525116}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.4381397068500519}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.42937353253364563}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C88031987", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377767", "display_name": "Multiple sequence alignment", "level": 5, "score": 0.4222777783870697}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778112365", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4127037525177002}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.40993618965148926}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C45484198", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827246", "display_name": "Sequence alignment", "level": 4, "score": 0.3587774932384491}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.23148903250694275}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.2039056420326233}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.13126027584075928}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.08726522326469421}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C1276947", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333", "display_name": "Astronomy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C167625842", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899763", "display_name": "Peptide sequence", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162", "display_name": "Linguistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014584", "descriptor_name": "User-Computer Interface", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014584", "descriptor_name": "User-Computer Interface", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014584", "descriptor_name": "User-Computer Interface", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019143", "descriptor_name": "Evolution, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019143", "descriptor_name": "Evolution, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019143", "descriptor_name": "Evolution, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/molbev/mst197", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/30/12/2725/19498310/mst197.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:24132122", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24132122", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular biology and evolution", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmid:33892491", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33892491", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular biology and evolution", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3213674", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3840312", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8233496", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8233496", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Mol Biol Evol", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/molbev/mst197", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/30/12/2725/19498310/mst197.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2152207030.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 20, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1487781539", "https://openalex.org/W1969102846", "https://openalex.org/W1992566665", "https://openalex.org/W2016518608", "https://openalex.org/W2021496725", "https://openalex.org/W2045391589", "https://openalex.org/W2096230176", "https://openalex.org/W2097403532", "https://openalex.org/W2108764069", "https://openalex.org/W2121552166", "https://openalex.org/W2132632499", "https://openalex.org/W2140803428", "https://openalex.org/W2146396346", "https://openalex.org/W2156434383", "https://openalex.org/W2160502554", "https://openalex.org/W2164789250", "https://openalex.org/W3012079654", "https://openalex.org/W3217097258", "https://openalex.org/W4236079519", "https://openalex.org/W6674423240"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2051969447", "https://openalex.org/W2111937814", "https://openalex.org/W2033414518", "https://openalex.org/W2162923930", "https://openalex.org/W1482324242", "https://openalex.org/W2133116680", "https://openalex.org/W2091678889", "https://openalex.org/W2029514038", "https://openalex.org/W2149492307", "https://openalex.org/W1985408726"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 135], "Molecular": [1], "Evolutionary": [2], "Genetics": [3], "Analysis": [4], "(MEGA)": [5], "software": [6], "has": [7, 154], "matured": [8], "to": [9, 57, 97, 125], "contain": [10], "a": [11, 30, 103, 114, 121], "large": [12], "collection": [13], "of": [14, 18, 37, 111, 130, 174, 179, 190], "methods": [15], "and": [16, 40, 52, 66, 92, 120, 149, 159, 176, 187, 198], "tools": [17], "computational": [19], "molecular": [20], "evolution.": [21], "Here,": [22], "we": [23], "describe": [24], "new": [25, 77], "additions": [26], "that": [27], "make": [28], "MEGA": [29], "more": [31, 157], "comprehensive": [32], "tool": [33], "for": [34, 48, 61, 64, 70, 79, 106, 127, 139, 161, 194], "building": [35], "timetrees": [36], "species,": [38], "pathogens,": [39], "gene": [41], "families": [42], "using": [43, 116], "rapid": [44], "relaxed-clock": [45], "methods.": [46], "Methods": [47], "estimating": [49, 107], "divergence": [50], "times": [51], "confidence": [53], "intervals": [54], "are": [55, 74, 144, 192], "implemented": [56], "use": [58], "probability": [59], "densities": [60], "calibration": [62], "constraints": [63], "node-dating": [65], "sequence": [67, 118], "sampling": [68, 84], "dates": [69], "tip-dating": [71], "analyses.": [72], "They": [73], "supported": [75], "by": [76], "options": [78], "tagging": [80], "sequences": [81], "with": [82], "spatiotemporal": [83], "information,": [85], "an": [86, 93], "expanded": [87], "interactive": [88, 160], "Node": [89], "Calibrations": [90], "Editor,": [91], "extended": [94], "Tree": [95], "Explorer": [96], "display": [98], "timetrees.": [99], "Also": [100], "added": [101], "is": [102], "Bayesian": [104], "method": [105, 124], "neutral": [108], "evolutionary": [109, 131], "probabilities": [110], "alleles": [112], "in": [113, 133], "species": [115], "multispecies": [117], "alignments": [119], "machine": [122], "learning": [123], "test": [126], "the": [128, 140, 150, 170, 177], "autocorrelation": [129], "rates": [132], "phylogenies.": [134], "computer": [136], "memory": [137], "requirements": [138], "maximum": [141], "likelihood": [142], "analysis": [143], "reduced": [145], "significantly": [146], "through": [147], "reprogramming,": [148], "graphical": [151, 184], "user": [152, 171, 185], "interface": [153, 186], "been": [155], "made": [156], "responsive": [158], "very": [162], "big": [163], "data": [164], "sets.": [165], "These": [166], "enhancements": [167], "will": [168], "improve": [169], "experience,": [172], "quality": [173], "results,": [175], "pace": [178], "biological": [180], "discovery.": [181], "Natively": [182], "compiled": [183], "command-line": [188], "versions": [189], "MEGA11": [191], "available": [193], "Microsoft": [195], "Windows,": [196], "Linux,": [197], "macOS": [199], "from": [200], "www.megasoftware.net.": [201]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 178}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1987}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3570}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3429}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3038}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3243}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3834}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4406}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 5145}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 6001}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 6572}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 4611}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1305}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 117}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 111}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2018289835", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000350087", "title": "Short-Term Effects of Nose-Only Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Glutathione Redox Homeostasis, Cytochrome P450 1A1/2 and Respiratory Enzyme Activities in Mice Tissues", "display_name": "Short-Term Effects of Nose-Only Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Glutathione Redox Homeostasis, Cytochrome P450 1A1/2 and Respiratory Enzyme Activities in Mice Tissues", "publication_year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2018289835", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000350087", "mag": "2018289835", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23711494"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1159/000350087", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000350087", "pdf_url": "https://karger.com/cpb/article-pdf/31/4-5/683/2424835/000350087.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S161399637", "display_name": "Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry", "issn_l": "1015-8987", "issn": ["1015-8987", "1421-9778"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310317820", "host_organization_name": "Karger Publishers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Karger Publishers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://karger.com/cpb/article-pdf/31/4-5/683/2424835/000350087.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5081897732", "display_name": "Haider Raza", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9680-5388"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I201726411", "display_name": "United Arab Emirates University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01km6p862", "country_code": "AE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}], "countries": ["AE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Haider Raza", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. h.raza@uaeu.ac.ae", "Department of Biochemistry and"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. h.raza@uaeu.ac.ae", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biochemistry and", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084346756", "display_name": "Annie John", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8953-4372"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Annie John", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biochemistry and"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biochemistry and", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020229477", "display_name": "Abderrahim Nemmar", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0699-1015"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I201726411", "display_name": "United Arab Emirates University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01km6p862", "country_code": "AE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}], "countries": ["AE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Abderrahim Nemmar", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5081897732"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I201726411"], "apc_list": {"value": 1785, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 1925}, "apc_paid": {"value": 1785, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 1925}, "fwci": 510.8894, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 47289, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "31", "issue": "4-5", "first_page": "683", "last_page": "692"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12910", "display_name": "Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology", "score": 0.9983000159263611, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1303", "display_name": "Biochemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12910", "display_name": "Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology", "score": 0.9983000159263611, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1303", "display_name": "Biochemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11332", "display_name": "Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress", "score": 0.9957000017166138, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11884", "display_name": "Redox biology and oxidative stress", "score": 0.9951000213623047, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.5956186652183533}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha", "display_name": "Tumor necrosis factor alpha", "score": 0.5606574416160583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-oxygen-species", "display_name": "Reactive oxygen species", "score": 0.5502974987030029}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/p38-mitogen-activated-protein-kinases", "display_name": "p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases", "score": 0.5481685400009155}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nadph-oxidase", "display_name": "NADPH oxidase", "score": 0.5189856886863708}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-kinase-b", "display_name": "Protein kinase B", "score": 0.49618062376976013}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress", "display_name": "Oxidative stress", "score": 0.48292800784111023}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation", "display_name": "Inflammation", "score": 0.4670874774456024}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nox4", "display_name": "NOX4", "score": 0.4298902451992035}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphorylation", "display_name": "Phosphorylation", "score": 0.39414697885513306}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-kinase-a", "display_name": "Protein kinase A", "score": 0.3907443881034851}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrinology", "display_name": "Endocrinology", "score": 0.3802792429924011}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "score": 0.35159868001937866}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology", "display_name": "Immunology", "score": 0.2908360958099365}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "score": 0.28392428159713745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.2599753141403198}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.16149356961250305}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.5956186652183533}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17991360", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21173843", "display_name": "Tumor necrosis factor alpha", "level": 2, "score": 0.5606574416160583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C48349386", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424361", "display_name": "Reactive oxygen species", "level": 2, "score": 0.5502974987030029}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C51551487", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043632", "display_name": "p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases", "level": 4, "score": 0.5481685400009155}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779719074", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2038057", "display_name": "NADPH oxidase", "level": 3, "score": 0.5189856886863708}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C75217442", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423650", "display_name": "Protein kinase B", "level": 3, "score": 0.49618062376976013}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776151105", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814", "display_name": "Oxidative stress", "level": 2, "score": 0.48292800784111023}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776914184", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991", "display_name": "Inflammation", "level": 2, "score": 0.4670874774456024}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779765511", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18039812", "display_name": "NOX4", "level": 4, "score": 0.4298902451992035}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11960822", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242736", "display_name": "Phosphorylation", "level": 2, "score": 0.39414697885513306}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C97029542", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281417", "display_name": "Protein kinase A", "level": 3, "score": 0.3907443881034851}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134018914", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606", "display_name": "Endocrinology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3802792429924011}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.35159868001937866}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C203014093", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929", "display_name": "Immunology", "level": 1, "score": 0.2908360958099365}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.28392428159713745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.2599753141403198}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.16149356961250305}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003576", "descriptor_name": "Electron Transport Complex IV", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003576", "descriptor_name": "Electron Transport Complex IV", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003576", "descriptor_name": "Electron Transport Complex IV", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003576", "descriptor_name": "Electron Transport Complex IV", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003576", "descriptor_name": "Electron Transport Complex IV", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003576", "descriptor_name": "Electron Transport Complex IV", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005978", "descriptor_name": "Glutathione", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005978", "descriptor_name": "Glutathione", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005978", "descriptor_name": "Glutathione", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007668", "descriptor_name": "Kidney", "qualifier_ui": "Q000201", "qualifier_name": "enzymology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007668", "descriptor_name": "Kidney", "qualifier_ui": "Q000201", "qualifier_name": "enzymology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007668", "descriptor_name": "Kidney", "qualifier_ui": "Q000201", "qualifier_name": "enzymology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007668", "descriptor_name": "Kidney", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007668", "descriptor_name": "Kidney", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007668", "descriptor_name": "Kidney", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008099", "descriptor_name": "Liver", "qualifier_ui": "Q000201", "qualifier_name": "enzymology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008099", "descriptor_name": "Liver", "qualifier_ui": "Q000201", "qualifier_name": "enzymology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008099", "descriptor_name": "Liver", "qualifier_ui": "Q000201", "qualifier_name": "enzymology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008099", "descriptor_name": "Liver", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008099", "descriptor_name": "Liver", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008099", "descriptor_name": "Liver", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008168", "descriptor_name": "Lung", "qualifier_ui": "Q000201", "qualifier_name": "enzymology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008168", "descriptor_name": "Lung", "qualifier_ui": "Q000201", "qualifier_name": "enzymology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008168", "descriptor_name": "Lung", "qualifier_ui": "Q000201", "qualifier_name": "enzymology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008168", "descriptor_name": "Lung", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008168", "descriptor_name": "Lung", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008168", "descriptor_name": "Lung", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008807", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Inbred BALB C", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008807", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Inbred BALB C", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008807", "descriptor_name": "Mice, Inbred BALB C", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008928", "descriptor_name": "Mitochondria", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008928", "descriptor_name": "Mitochondria", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008928", "descriptor_name": "Mitochondria", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009206", "descriptor_name": "Myocardium", "qualifier_ui": "Q000201", "qualifier_name": "enzymology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009206", "descriptor_name": "Myocardium", "qualifier_ui": "Q000201", "qualifier_name": "enzymology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009206", "descriptor_name": "Myocardium", "qualifier_ui": "Q000201", "qualifier_name": "enzymology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009206", "descriptor_name": "Myocardium", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009206", "descriptor_name": "Myocardium", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009206", "descriptor_name": "Myocardium", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010084", "descriptor_name": "Oxidation-Reduction", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010084", "descriptor_name": "Oxidation-Reduction", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010084", "descriptor_name": "Oxidation-Reduction", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012907", "descriptor_name": "Smoking", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012907", "descriptor_name": "Smoking", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012907", "descriptor_name": "Smoking", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017382", "descriptor_name": "Reactive Oxygen Species", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017382", "descriptor_name": "Reactive Oxygen Species", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017382", "descriptor_name": "Reactive Oxygen Species", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018384", "descriptor_name": "Oxidative Stress", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018384", "descriptor_name": "Oxidative Stress", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018384", "descriptor_name": "Oxidative Stress", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019363", "descriptor_name": "Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019363", "descriptor_name": "Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019363", "descriptor_name": "Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019388", "descriptor_name": "Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019388", "descriptor_name": "Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019388", "descriptor_name": "Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D042967", "descriptor_name": "Electron Transport Complex I", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D042967", "descriptor_name": "Electron Transport Complex I", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D042967", "descriptor_name": "Electron Transport Complex I", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D042967", "descriptor_name": "Electron Transport Complex I", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D042967", "descriptor_name": "Electron Transport Complex I", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D042967", "descriptor_name": "Electron Transport Complex I", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1159/000350087", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000350087", "pdf_url": "https://karger.com/cpb/article-pdf/31/4-5/683/2424835/000350087.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S161399637", "display_name": "Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry", "issn_l": "1015-8987", "issn": ["1015-8987", "1421-9778"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310317820", "host_organization_name": "Karger Publishers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Karger Publishers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:23711494", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23711494", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:020725a329fb40e49f5299fc0216eecd", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/020725a329fb40e49f5299fc0216eecd", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S112646816", "display_name": "SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda", "issn_l": "0300-5267", "issn": ["0300-5267", "2340-4078"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, Vol 31, Iss 4-5, Pp 683-692 (2013)", "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1159/000350087", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000350087", "pdf_url": "https://karger.com/cpb/article-pdf/31/4-5/683/2424835/000350087.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S161399637", "display_name": "Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry", "issn_l": "1015-8987", "issn": ["1015-8987", "1421-9778"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310317820", "host_organization_name": "Karger Publishers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Karger Publishers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "display_name": "Good health and well-being", "score": 0.8399999737739563}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018289835.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018289835.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 247, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W43466707", "https://openalex.org/W75245760", "https://openalex.org/W149715769", "https://openalex.org/W153904168", "https://openalex.org/W297207132", "https://openalex.org/W1451841933", "https://openalex.org/W1494805909", "https://openalex.org/W1523640700", "https://openalex.org/W1532710110", "https://openalex.org/W1541799695", "https://openalex.org/W1550180991", "https://openalex.org/W1559813904", "https://openalex.org/W1561511117", "https://openalex.org/W1571527701", "https://openalex.org/W1577794730", "https://openalex.org/W1603581183", "https://openalex.org/W1606068922", "https://openalex.org/W1782873284", "https://openalex.org/W1783163821", "https://openalex.org/W1861709718", "https://openalex.org/W1905314305", "https://openalex.org/W1946416087", "https://openalex.org/W1947770363", "https://openalex.org/W1948143781", "https://openalex.org/W1964928537", "https://openalex.org/W1965397817", "https://openalex.org/W1965535479", "https://openalex.org/W1965796676", "https://openalex.org/W1967263936", "https://openalex.org/W1967389667", "https://openalex.org/W1968644043", "https://openalex.org/W1969374802", "https://openalex.org/W1970779091", "https://openalex.org/W1971647996", "https://openalex.org/W1971764419", "https://openalex.org/W1972854948", "https://openalex.org/W1973479531", "https://openalex.org/W1973759965", "https://openalex.org/W1975048966", "https://openalex.org/W1975083396", "https://openalex.org/W1977970997", "https://openalex.org/W1979910666", "https://openalex.org/W1980090150", "https://openalex.org/W1981008066", "https://openalex.org/W1982153589", "https://openalex.org/W1982713255", "https://openalex.org/W1984155827", "https://openalex.org/W1984309380", "https://openalex.org/W1984454286", "https://openalex.org/W1985958321", "https://openalex.org/W1986017326", "https://openalex.org/W1986320181", "https://openalex.org/W1987373379", "https://openalex.org/W1987994799", "https://openalex.org/W1991177648", "https://openalex.org/W1992864735", "https://openalex.org/W1995337032", "https://openalex.org/W1998762677", "https://openalex.org/W1999129336", "https://openalex.org/W1999450087", "https://openalex.org/W2002143964", "https://openalex.org/W2002407951", "https://openalex.org/W2003966026", "https://openalex.org/W2004747466", "https://openalex.org/W2005185930", "https://openalex.org/W2006773382", "https://openalex.org/W2007408547", "https://openalex.org/W2007463222", "https://openalex.org/W2008035030", "https://openalex.org/W2008572752", "https://openalex.org/W2009878890", "https://openalex.org/W2011095668", "https://openalex.org/W2011716999", "https://openalex.org/W2013247420", "https://openalex.org/W2013696246", "https://openalex.org/W2016179978", "https://openalex.org/W2016927483", "https://openalex.org/W2017626786", "https://openalex.org/W2018289835", "https://openalex.org/W2018665671", "https://openalex.org/W2019605110", "https://openalex.org/W2019805323", "https://openalex.org/W2020140586", "https://openalex.org/W2024222417", "https://openalex.org/W2024415694", "https://openalex.org/W2027614636", "https://openalex.org/W2028285408", "https://openalex.org/W2029007583", "https://openalex.org/W2029216457", "https://openalex.org/W2029615573", "https://openalex.org/W2030272109", "https://openalex.org/W2030715103", "https://openalex.org/W2032566319", "https://openalex.org/W2034237477", "https://openalex.org/W2034277598", "https://openalex.org/W2034576097", "https://openalex.org/W2034933587", "https://openalex.org/W2037128568", "https://openalex.org/W2038228384", "https://openalex.org/W2038470524", "https://openalex.org/W2038761551", "https://openalex.org/W2039938016", "https://openalex.org/W2040437780", "https://openalex.org/W2041917329", "https://openalex.org/W2043285825", "https://openalex.org/W2043843025", "https://openalex.org/W2044358078", "https://openalex.org/W2045616259", "https://openalex.org/W2045776295", "https://openalex.org/W2046374458", "https://openalex.org/W2047103924", "https://openalex.org/W2048605574", "https://openalex.org/W2048650447", "https://openalex.org/W2051035294", "https://openalex.org/W2051888500", "https://openalex.org/W2052034749", "https://openalex.org/W2052051790", "https://openalex.org/W2055118039", "https://openalex.org/W2056017024", "https://openalex.org/W2058309342", "https://openalex.org/W2060297933", "https://openalex.org/W2060429277", "https://openalex.org/W2063024150", "https://openalex.org/W2063450941", "https://openalex.org/W2064037258", "https://openalex.org/W2064111382", "https://openalex.org/W2064256684", "https://openalex.org/W2065634382", "https://openalex.org/W2065820790", "https://openalex.org/W2066993916", "https://openalex.org/W2067033679", "https://openalex.org/W2068444537", "https://openalex.org/W2069324451", "https://openalex.org/W2069739388", "https://openalex.org/W2070920469", "https://openalex.org/W2071356560", "https://openalex.org/W2071435376", "https://openalex.org/W2072115891", "https://openalex.org/W2072950914", "https://openalex.org/W2074992798", "https://openalex.org/W2075425643", "https://openalex.org/W2075633068", "https://openalex.org/W2079332451", "https://openalex.org/W2079515802", "https://openalex.org/W2081075918", "https://openalex.org/W2081640729", "https://openalex.org/W2082070123", "https://openalex.org/W2082497364", "https://openalex.org/W2084355267", "https://openalex.org/W2084964043", "https://openalex.org/W2086375815", "https://openalex.org/W2086812897", "https://openalex.org/W2088081125", "https://openalex.org/W2088442668", "https://openalex.org/W2088498422", "https://openalex.org/W2089276240", "https://openalex.org/W2090372585", "https://openalex.org/W2090938409", "https://openalex.org/W2091383179", "https://openalex.org/W2092376070", "https://openalex.org/W2093049782", "https://openalex.org/W2093095444", "https://openalex.org/W2094503137", "https://openalex.org/W2095572565", "https://openalex.org/W2095627078", "https://openalex.org/W2097221088", "https://openalex.org/W2098842126", "https://openalex.org/W2100837269", "https://openalex.org/W2101108802", "https://openalex.org/W2101182707", "https://openalex.org/W2102292428", "https://openalex.org/W2103971166", "https://openalex.org/W2104471136", "https://openalex.org/W2104716397", "https://openalex.org/W2105524929", "https://openalex.org/W2108103389", "https://openalex.org/W2108799316", "https://openalex.org/W2110139198", "https://openalex.org/W2111190622", "https://openalex.org/W2112403590", "https://openalex.org/W2113710155", "https://openalex.org/W2114068307", "https://openalex.org/W2114486945", "https://openalex.org/W2115846243", "https://openalex.org/W2116001892", "https://openalex.org/W2116234651", "https://openalex.org/W2116936653", "https://openalex.org/W2117975450", "https://openalex.org/W2120149135", "https://openalex.org/W2121900171", "https://openalex.org/W2127384758", "https://openalex.org/W2128343842", "https://openalex.org/W2129312458", "https://openalex.org/W2130338371", "https://openalex.org/W2130401548", "https://openalex.org/W2130570269", "https://openalex.org/W2131998840", "https://openalex.org/W2133104120", "https://openalex.org/W2135414511", "https://openalex.org/W2136166568", "https://openalex.org/W2137962262", "https://openalex.org/W2138253751", "https://openalex.org/W2139607762", "https://openalex.org/W2139789446", "https://openalex.org/W2140672266", "https://openalex.org/W2142513442", "https://openalex.org/W2142955153", "https://openalex.org/W2143724908", "https://openalex.org/W2144613920", "https://openalex.org/W2147013342", "https://openalex.org/W2148573453", "https://openalex.org/W2151055765", "https://openalex.org/W2153092856", "https://openalex.org/W2153186943", "https://openalex.org/W2153924942", "https://openalex.org/W2155566823", "https://openalex.org/W2156761156", "https://openalex.org/W2156981113", "https://openalex.org/W2158473654", "https://openalex.org/W2159148724", "https://openalex.org/W2160298454", "https://openalex.org/W2160926718", "https://openalex.org/W2161427454", "https://openalex.org/W2163449193", "https://openalex.org/W2163582403", "https://openalex.org/W2164253976", "https://openalex.org/W2164358316", "https://openalex.org/W2164938112", "https://openalex.org/W2165933480", "https://openalex.org/W2167762171", "https://openalex.org/W2169235268", "https://openalex.org/W2170117712", "https://openalex.org/W2170340134", "https://openalex.org/W2269188233", "https://openalex.org/W2319744544", "https://openalex.org/W2324988987", "https://openalex.org/W2325026292", "https://openalex.org/W2337027193", "https://openalex.org/W2342685184", "https://openalex.org/W2397373187", "https://openalex.org/W2415945420", "https://openalex.org/W2416545890", "https://openalex.org/W3147775007", "https://openalex.org/W4236918658", "https://openalex.org/W4251551813", "https://openalex.org/W4254931106", "https://openalex.org/W4255430548"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2196975609", "https://openalex.org/W2170266244", "https://openalex.org/W2808833115", "https://openalex.org/W820032666", "https://openalex.org/W2117261670", "https://openalex.org/W1971822198", "https://openalex.org/W2078018645", "https://openalex.org/W2106189792", "https://openalex.org/W1496672822", "https://openalex.org/W3176234867"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"These": [0], "results": [1], "suggest": [2], "that": [3], "even": [4], "short": [5], "term": [6], "exposure": [7], "of": [8], "cigarette": [9], "smoke": [10], "have": [11], "adverse": [12], "effects": [13], "on": [14], "mitochondrial": [15], "functions": [16], "and": [17], "redox": [18], "homeostasis": [19], "in": [20], "tissues": [21], "which": [22], "may": [23], "progress": [24], "to": [25], "further": [26], "complications": [27], "associated": [28], "with": [29], "chronic": [30], "smoking.": [31]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 224}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 624}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 822}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 921}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 585}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 614}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 819}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 836}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 929}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 974}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1065}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 464}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 268}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 241}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2015795623", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90837-8", "title": "STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO METHODS OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENT", "display_name": "STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO METHODS OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENT", "publication_year": 1986, "publication_date": "1986-02-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2015795623", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90837-8", "mag": "2015795623", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2868172"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90837-8", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90837-8", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S49861241", "display_name": "The Lancet", "issn_l": "0140-6736", "issn": ["0140-6736", "1474-547X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Lancet", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113783987", "display_name": "J Martin Bland", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802052328", "display_name": "Northwick Park Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/030j6qm79", "country_code": "GB", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800484787", "https://openalex.org/I2802052328"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I165862685", "display_name": "St George's, University of London", "ror": "https://ror.org/040f08y74", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I124357947", "https://openalex.org/I165862685"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "J. Martin Bland", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Social Medicine, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17, United Kingdon", "and Division of Medical Statistics, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Social Medicine, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17, United Kingdon", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165862685"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "and Division of Medical Statistics, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802052328"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110857369", "display_name": "DouglasG. Altman", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165862685", "display_name": "St George's, University of London", "ror": "https://ror.org/040f08y74", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I124357947", "https://openalex.org/I165862685"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802052328", "display_name": "Northwick Park Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/030j6qm79", "country_code": "GB", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800484787", "https://openalex.org/I2802052328"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "DouglasG. Altman", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Social Medicine, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17, United Kingdon", "and Division of Medical Statistics, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Social Medicine, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17, United Kingdon", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165862685"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "and Division of Medical Statistics, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802052328"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5113783987"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165862685", "https://openalex.org/I2802052328"], "apc_list": {"value": 6830, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 6830}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 122.2083, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 47237, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99996635, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "327", "issue": "8476", "first_page": "307", "last_page": "310"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11700", "display_name": "Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy", "score": 0.46050000190734863, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2746", "display_name": "Surgery"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11700", "display_name": "Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy", "score": 0.46050000190734863, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2746", "display_name": "Surgery"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11314", "display_name": "Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control", "score": 0.08860000222921371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2737", "display_name": "Physiology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13309", "display_name": "Reliability and Agreement in Measurement", "score": 0.04820000007748604, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/repeatability", "display_name": "Repeatability", "score": 0.6634541153907776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation", "display_name": "Correlation", "score": 0.5437977313995361}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/simple", "display_name": "Simple (philosophy)", "score": 0.5404753088951111}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.5370674729347229}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/relation", "display_name": "Relation (database)", "score": 0.4393528997898102}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.4214095175266266}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.3306569457054138}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining", "display_name": "Data mining", "score": 0.3227877914905548}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C154020017", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171", "display_name": "Repeatability", "level": 2, "score": 0.6634541153907776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C117220453", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842", "display_name": "Correlation", "level": 2, "score": 0.5437977313995361}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780586882", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643", "display_name": "Simple (philosophy)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5404753088951111}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.5370674729347229}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C25343380", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521", "display_name": "Relation (database)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4393528997898102}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4214095175266266}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.3306569457054138}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.3227877914905548}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D003933", "descriptor_name": "Diagnosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003933", "descriptor_name": "Diagnosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003933", "descriptor_name": "Diagnosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010366", "descriptor_name": "Peak Expiratory Flow Rate", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010366", "descriptor_name": "Peak Expiratory Flow Rate", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010366", "descriptor_name": "Peak Expiratory Flow Rate", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90837-8", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90837-8", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S49861241", "display_name": "The Lancet", "issn_l": "0140-6736", "issn": ["0140-6736", "1474-547X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Lancet", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:2868172", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2868172", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Lancet (London, England)", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 7, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2043276332", "https://openalex.org/W2109316327", "https://openalex.org/W2119095059", "https://openalex.org/W2132970644", "https://openalex.org/W2133750711", "https://openalex.org/W2170261376", "https://openalex.org/W2764728888"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2481168506", "https://openalex.org/W4288084846", "https://openalex.org/W2893816048", "https://openalex.org/W3168747143", "https://openalex.org/W2237675924", "https://openalex.org/W2315867670", "https://openalex.org/W1968795594", "https://openalex.org/W4256621282", "https://openalex.org/W2755432716", "https://openalex.org/W1605170656"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 320}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1331}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1470}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1420}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1530}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1853}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1941}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1798}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1727}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1906}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1876}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1988}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2078}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2036}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2086}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2132629607", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20084", "title": "UCSF Chimera\u2014A visualization system for exploratory research and analysis", "display_name": "UCSF Chimera\u2014A visualization system for exploratory research and analysis", "publication_year": 2004, "publication_date": "2004-07-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2132629607", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20084", "mag": "2132629607", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15264254"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/jcc.20084", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20084", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S21117631", "display_name": "Journal of Computational Chemistry", "issn_l": "0192-8651", "issn": ["0192-8651", "1096-987X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Computational Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070528313", "display_name": "Eric F. Pettersen", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Eric F. Pettersen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2240, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2240, USA", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113145311", "display_name": "Thomas D. Goddard", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I180670191", "display_name": "University of California, San Francisco", "ror": "https://ror.org/043mz5j54", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Thomas D. Goddard", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2240", "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143\u20102240"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2240", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143\u20102240", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111598904", "display_name": "Conrad C. Huang", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I180670191", "display_name": "University of California, San Francisco", "ror": "https://ror.org/043mz5j54", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Conrad C. Huang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2240", "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143\u20102240"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2240", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143\u20102240", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109092982", "display_name": "Gregory S. Couch", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I180670191", "display_name": "University of California, San Francisco", "ror": "https://ror.org/043mz5j54", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gregory S. Couch", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2240", "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143\u20102240"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2240", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143\u20102240", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5025911938", "display_name": "Daniel M. Greenblatt", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I180670191", "display_name": "University of California, San Francisco", "ror": "https://ror.org/043mz5j54", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Daniel M. Greenblatt", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2240", "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143\u20102240"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2240", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143\u20102240", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109200358", "display_name": "Elaine C. Meng", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I180670191", "display_name": "University of California, San Francisco", "ror": "https://ror.org/043mz5j54", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Elaine C. Meng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2240", "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143\u20102240"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2240", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143\u20102240", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5086093811", "display_name": "Thomas E. Ferrin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6227-0637"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I180670191", "display_name": "University of California, San Francisco", "ror": "https://ror.org/043mz5j54", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Thomas E. Ferrin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2240", "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143\u20102240"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2240", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Graphics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143\u20102240", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 7, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5086093811"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180670191"], "apc_list": {"value": 4840, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4840}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 79.8281, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 47202, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99992945, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "25", "issue": "13", "first_page": "1605", "last_page": "1612"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10044", "display_name": "Protein Structure and Dynamics", "score": 0.9883999824523926, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10044", "display_name": "Protein Structure and Dynamics", "score": 0.9883999824523926, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11986", "display_name": "Scientific Computing and Data Management", "score": 0.9794999957084656, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1802", "display_name": "Information Systems and Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11948", "display_name": "Machine Learning in Materials Science", "score": 0.9745000004768372, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.7340141534805298}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chimera", "display_name": "Chimera (genetics)", "score": 0.7246018648147583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization", "display_name": "Visualization", "score": 0.7029627561569214}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics", "display_name": "Computer graphics (images)", "score": 0.439494788646698}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining", "display_name": "Data mining", "score": 0.21676155924797058}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.08466055989265442}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.7340141534805298}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C30278631", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281721", "display_name": "Chimera (genetics)", "level": 3, "score": 0.7246018648147583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36464697", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553", "display_name": "Visualization", "level": 2, "score": 0.7029627561569214}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121684516", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677", "display_name": "Computer graphics (images)", "level": 1, "score": 0.439494788646698}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.21676155924797058}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.08466055989265442}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003196", "descriptor_name": "Computer Graphics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003196", "descriptor_name": "Computer Graphics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003196", "descriptor_name": "Computer Graphics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003196", "descriptor_name": "Computer Graphics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008958", "descriptor_name": "Models, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008958", "descriptor_name": "Models, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008958", "descriptor_name": "Models, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008958", "descriptor_name": "Models, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008968", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Conformation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008968", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Conformation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008968", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Conformation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008968", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Conformation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012106", "descriptor_name": "Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012106", "descriptor_name": "Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012106", "descriptor_name": "Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012106", "descriptor_name": "Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013816", "descriptor_name": "Thermodynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013816", "descriptor_name": "Thermodynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013816", "descriptor_name": "Thermodynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013816", "descriptor_name": "Thermodynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1002/jcc.20084", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20084", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S21117631", "display_name": "Journal of Computational Chemistry", "issn_l": "0192-8651", "issn": ["0192-8651", "1096-987X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Computational Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:15264254", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15264254", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of computational chemistry", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.456.9442", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.456.9442", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/home/tef/pubs/chimera.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9", "display_name": "Industry, innovation and infrastructure", "score": 0.46000000834465027}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 39, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1550517035", "https://openalex.org/W1592950931", "https://openalex.org/W1664954303", "https://openalex.org/W1892292145", "https://openalex.org/W1966323820", "https://openalex.org/W1985953075", "https://openalex.org/W1987822482", "https://openalex.org/W1992532276", "https://openalex.org/W1995017064", "https://openalex.org/W2000338094", "https://openalex.org/W2001641653", "https://openalex.org/W2009155849", "https://openalex.org/W2021534482", "https://openalex.org/W2022820623", "https://openalex.org/W2032402250", "https://openalex.org/W2033783923", "https://openalex.org/W2044082153", "https://openalex.org/W2048316372", "https://openalex.org/W2048982317", "https://openalex.org/W2056036737", "https://openalex.org/W2064809160", "https://openalex.org/W2082040139", "https://openalex.org/W2085277871", "https://openalex.org/W2089729405", "https://openalex.org/W2095724872", "https://openalex.org/W2095807033", "https://openalex.org/W2098640082", "https://openalex.org/W2101830823", "https://openalex.org/W2103815459", "https://openalex.org/W2106315897", "https://openalex.org/W2113403117", "https://openalex.org/W2117492729", "https://openalex.org/W2127648442", "https://openalex.org/W2130479394", "https://openalex.org/W2131736388", "https://openalex.org/W2155480785", "https://openalex.org/W2171962405", "https://openalex.org/W4240921265", "https://openalex.org/W4293003482"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2363669182", "https://openalex.org/W2525150146", "https://openalex.org/W2373739385", "https://openalex.org/W2372262991", "https://openalex.org/W2348591816", "https://openalex.org/W2319216494", "https://openalex.org/W2353068760", "https://openalex.org/W2370480957", "https://openalex.org/W2999985154", "https://openalex.org/W2394002052"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "design,": [1], "implementation,": [2], "and": [3, 24, 26, 72, 98, 113, 118, 149, 152, 165], "capabilities": [4], "of": [5, 44, 120, 125, 128], "an": [6], "extensible": [7], "visualization": [8], "system,": [9], "UCSF": [10], "Chimera,": [11], "are": [12, 56], "discussed.": [13], "Chimera": [14, 80, 129, 140], "is": [15, 133, 145, 153], "segmented": [16], "into": [17], "a": [18, 79], "core": [19], "that": [20, 28, 37], "provides": [21], "basic": [22], "services": [23], "visualization,": [25], "extensions": [27, 55, 89], "provide": [29], "most": [30], "higher": [31], "level": [32], "functionality.": [33], "This": [34], "architecture": [35], "ensures": [36], "the": [38, 42, 61, 126], "extension": [39], "mechanism": [40], "satisfies": [41], "demands": [43], "outside": [45], "developers": [46], "who": [47], "wish": [48], "to": [49, 63, 77, 147], "incorporate": [50], "new": [51], "features.": [52], "Two": [53], "unusual": [54], "presented:": [57], "Multiscale,": [58], "which": [59, 74], "adds": [60], "ability": [62], "visualize": [64], "large-scale": [65], "molecular": [66, 110], "assemblies": [67], "such": [68], "as": [69], "viral": [70], "coats,": [71], "Collaboratory,": [73], "allows": [75], "researchers": [76], "share": [78], "session": [81], "interactively": [82], "despite": [83], "being": [84], "at": [85], "separate": [86], "locales.": [87], "Other": [88], "include": [90], "Multalign": [91], "Viewer,": [92, 115], "for": [93, 102, 108, 116, 155], "showing": [94], "multiple": [95], "sequence": [96], "alignments": [97], "associated": [99], "structures;": [100], "ViewDock,": [101], "screening": [103], "docked": [104], "ligand": [105], "orientations;": [106], "Movie,": [107], "replaying": [109], "dynamics": [111], "trajectories;": [112], "Volume": [114], "display": [117], "analysis": [119], "volumetric": [121], "data.": [122], "A": [123], "discussion": [124], "usage": [127], "in": [130], "real-world": [131], "situations": [132], "given,": [134], "along": [135], "with": [136], "anticipated": [137], "future": [138], "directions.": [139], "includes": [141], "full": [142], "user": [143], "documentation,": [144], "free": [146], "academic": [148], "nonprofit": [150], "users,": [151], "available": [154], "Microsoft": [156], "Windows,": [157], "Linux,": [158], "Apple": [159], "Mac": [160], "OS": [161], "X,": [162], "SGI": [163], "IRIX,": [164], "HP": [166], "Tru64": [167], "Unix": [168], "from": [169], "http://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimera/.": [170]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 777}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4022}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 4477}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4525}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4824}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4968}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4604}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3313}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2741}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2307}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1919}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1630}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1455}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1253}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1067}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2912565176", "doi": null, "title": "Fuzzy sets", "display_name": "Fuzzy sets", "publication_year": 1996, "publication_date": "1996-08-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2912565176", "mag": "2912565176"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "mag:2912565176", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=234356", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109036851", "display_name": "Lotfi A. Zadeh", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Lotfi A. Zadeh", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5109036851"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 257.6199, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 47148, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": "394", "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10820", "display_name": "Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems", "score": 0.12630000710487366, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10820", "display_name": "Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems", "score": 0.12630000710487366, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic", "display_name": "Fuzzy logic", "score": 0.5209808945655823}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.3961094617843628}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.3704940676689148}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.3455425500869751}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C58166", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821", "display_name": "Fuzzy logic", "level": 2, "score": 0.5209808945655823}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.3961094617843628}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3704940676689148}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.3455425500869751}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "mag:2912565176", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=234356", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2797148637", "https://openalex.org/W2598771954", "https://openalex.org/W2330022088", "https://openalex.org/W2171715801", "https://openalex.org/W2168936936", "https://openalex.org/W2157041604", "https://openalex.org/W2113076747", "https://openalex.org/W2096768134", "https://openalex.org/W2079325629", "https://openalex.org/W2076808107", "https://openalex.org/W2060907774", "https://openalex.org/W2041280856", "https://openalex.org/W2019950953", "https://openalex.org/W2019207321", "https://openalex.org/W1992176519", "https://openalex.org/W1980564456", "https://openalex.org/W1970104171", "https://openalex.org/W194786220", "https://openalex.org/W1898259180", "https://openalex.org/W1485268022"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 23}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2153}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2506}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2285}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2224}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2436}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2651}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3163}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3149}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2994}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2797}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2019-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2160378127", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010", "title": "MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability", "display_name": "MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability", "publication_year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-01-16", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2160378127", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010", "mag": "2160378127", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23329690"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/molbev/mst010", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/30/4/772/6420419/mst010.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/30/4/772/6420419/mst010.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5064063992", "display_name": "Kazutaka Katoh", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4133-8393"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I73613424", "display_name": "National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01703db54", "country_code": "JP", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I98285908", "display_name": "Osaka University", "ror": "https://ror.org/035t8zc32", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "K. Katoh", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan. kazutaka.katoh@aist.go.jp", "Computational Biology Research Center, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan", "Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan. kazutaka.katoh@aist.go.jp", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Computational Biology Research Center, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5003461562", "display_name": "Daron M. Standley", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4078-0817"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98285908", "display_name": "Osaka University", "ror": "https://ror.org/035t8zc32", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "D. M. Standley", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5064063992"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I73613424", "https://openalex.org/I98285908"], "apc_list": {"value": 3255, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3255}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 481.3669, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 46928, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99999069, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 94, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "30", "issue": "4", "first_page": "772", "last_page": "780"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10521", "display_name": "RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms", "score": 0.9990000128746033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10120", "display_name": "Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology", "score": 0.9825000166893005, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311", "display_name": "Genetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sequence-alignment", "display_name": "Multiple sequence alignment", "score": 0.8219376802444458}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/usability", "display_name": "Usability", "score": 0.7088510990142822}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software", "display_name": "Software", "score": 0.6282868981361389}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "score": 0.589806318283081}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.581939160823822}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-alignment", "display_name": "Sequence alignment", "score": 0.546352207660675}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.46704593300819397}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction", "display_name": "Human\u2013computer interaction", "score": 0.143315851688385}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.08639365434646606}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language", "display_name": "Programming language", "score": 0.07763966917991638}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/peptide-sequence", "display_name": "Peptide sequence", "score": 0.07362887263298035}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C88031987", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377767", "display_name": "Multiple sequence alignment", "level": 5, "score": 0.8219376802444458}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C170130773", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378", "display_name": "Usability", "level": 2, "score": 0.7088510990142822}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.6282868981361389}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778112365", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.589806318283081}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.581939160823822}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C45484198", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827246", "display_name": "Sequence alignment", "level": 4, "score": 0.546352207660675}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.46704593300819397}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107457646", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434", "display_name": "Human\u2013computer interaction", "level": 1, "score": 0.143315851688385}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.08639365434646606}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.07763966917991638}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C167625842", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899763", "display_name": "Peptide sequence", "level": 3, "score": 0.07362887263298035}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001483", "descriptor_name": "Base Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001483", "descriptor_name": "Base Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001483", "descriptor_name": "Base Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001483", "descriptor_name": "Base Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004271", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Fungal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004271", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Fungal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004271", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Fungal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004271", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Fungal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004275", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Ribosomal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004275", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Ribosomal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004275", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Ribosomal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D004275", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Ribosomal", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005658", "descriptor_name": "Fungi", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005658", "descriptor_name": "Fungi", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005658", "descriptor_name": "Fungi", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005658", "descriptor_name": "Fungi", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008957", "descriptor_name": "Models, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008957", "descriptor_name": "Models, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008957", "descriptor_name": "Models, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008957", "descriptor_name": "Models, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012260", "descriptor_name": "Ribonucleases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012260", "descriptor_name": "Ribonucleases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012260", "descriptor_name": "Ribonucleases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012260", "descriptor_name": "Ribonucleases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012260", "descriptor_name": "Ribonucleases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012260", "descriptor_name": "Ribonucleases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012260", "descriptor_name": "Ribonucleases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012260", "descriptor_name": "Ribonucleases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012329", "descriptor_name": "RNA, Bacterial", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012329", "descriptor_name": "RNA, Bacterial", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012329", "descriptor_name": "RNA, Bacterial", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012329", "descriptor_name": "RNA, Bacterial", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014157", "descriptor_name": "Transcription Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014157", "descriptor_name": "Transcription Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017434", "descriptor_name": "Protein Structure, Tertiary", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017434", "descriptor_name": "Protein Structure, Tertiary", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017434", "descriptor_name": "Protein Structure, Tertiary", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017434", "descriptor_name": "Protein Structure, Tertiary", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D021903", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Ribosomal Spacer", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D021903", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Ribosomal Spacer", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D021903", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Ribosomal Spacer", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D021903", "descriptor_name": "DNA, Ribosomal Spacer", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D054680", "descriptor_name": "Ribosome Subunits, Small, Bacterial", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D054680", "descriptor_name": "Ribosome Subunits, Small, Bacterial", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D054680", "descriptor_name": "Ribosome Subunits, Small, Bacterial", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D054680", "descriptor_name": "Ribosome Subunits, Small, Bacterial", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D058996", "descriptor_name": "Quality Improvement", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D058996", "descriptor_name": "Quality Improvement", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D058996", "descriptor_name": "Quality Improvement", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D058996", "descriptor_name": "Quality Improvement", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/molbev/mst010", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/30/4/772/6420419/mst010.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:23329690", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23329690", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular biology and evolution", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2601077", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3603318", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.320.1045", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.320.1045", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://jcb.rupress.org/content/102/2/343.full.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/molbev/mst010", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/30/4/772/6420419/mst010.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320311508", "display_name": "National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01703db54"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2160378127.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 49, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W118013854", "https://openalex.org/W255996521", "https://openalex.org/W1527979595", "https://openalex.org/W1775447850", "https://openalex.org/W1969153299", "https://openalex.org/W1981584745", "https://openalex.org/W1988512789", "https://openalex.org/W2017519756", "https://openalex.org/W2033900229", "https://openalex.org/W2036780345", "https://openalex.org/W2051151530", "https://openalex.org/W2062355909", "https://openalex.org/W2068083406", "https://openalex.org/W2082658158", "https://openalex.org/W2090748603", "https://openalex.org/W2094031081", "https://openalex.org/W2100945839", "https://openalex.org/W2102502076", "https://openalex.org/W2103130355", "https://openalex.org/W2106882534", "https://openalex.org/W2112422063", "https://openalex.org/W2113799994", "https://openalex.org/W2118711492", "https://openalex.org/W2119362018", "https://openalex.org/W2120772351", "https://openalex.org/W2125230147", "https://openalex.org/W2126319852", "https://openalex.org/W2127122014", "https://openalex.org/W2127322768", "https://openalex.org/W2127520112", "https://openalex.org/W2127774996", "https://openalex.org/W2130060890", "https://openalex.org/W2130625618", "https://openalex.org/W2132902214", "https://openalex.org/W2141380436", "https://openalex.org/W2141747524", "https://openalex.org/W2141885858", "https://openalex.org/W2142056356", "https://openalex.org/W2143210482", "https://openalex.org/W2143270724", "https://openalex.org/W2154099008", "https://openalex.org/W2155066423", "https://openalex.org/W2155744824", "https://openalex.org/W2157552136", "https://openalex.org/W2160488448", "https://openalex.org/W2161299051", "https://openalex.org/W2162758337", "https://openalex.org/W2431006159", "https://openalex.org/W4320301318"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2051969447", "https://openalex.org/W2111937814", "https://openalex.org/W2162923930", "https://openalex.org/W1482324242", "https://openalex.org/W2133116680", "https://openalex.org/W2029514038", "https://openalex.org/W2149492307", "https://openalex.org/W1985408726", "https://openalex.org/W187239587", "https://openalex.org/W2141411672"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"We": [0, 75], "report": [1, 48], "a": [2], "major": [3, 45], "update": [4], "of": [5, 29], "the": [6, 43], "MAFFT": [7, 67], "multiple": [8], "sequence": [9], "alignment": [10, 35], "program.": [11], "This": [12, 47], "version": [13], "has": [14], "several": [15], "new": [16], "features,": [17], "including": [18], "options": [19], "for": [20], "adding": [21], "unaligned": [22], "sequences": [23], "into": [24], "an": [25], "existing": [26], "alignment,": [27, 33], "adjustment": [28], "direction": [30], "in": [31, 60], "nucleotide": [32], "constrained": [34], "and": [36, 59, 81], "parallel": [37], "processing,": [38], "which": [39], "were": [40], "implemented": [41], "after": [42], "previous": [44], "update.": [46], "shows": [49], "actual": [50], "examples": [51, 63], "to": [52, 71, 78, 85], "explain": [53], "how": [54, 77], "these": [55], "features": [56], "work,": [57], "alone": [58], "combination.": [61], "Some": [62], "incorrectly": [64], "aligned": [65], "by": [66], "are": [68], "also": [69], "shown": [70], "clarify": [72], "its": [73], "limitations.": [74, 88], "discuss": [76], "avoid": [79], "misalignments,": [80], "our": [82], "ongoing": [83], "efforts": [84], "overcome": [86], "such": [87]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1511}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 5974}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 6583}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5454}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5528}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5908}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4781}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3401}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2547}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1988}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1540}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 983}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 581}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 110}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4294216491", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(87)90021-2", "title": "Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction", "display_name": "Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction", "publication_year": 1987, "publication_date": "1987-04-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4294216491", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(87)90021-2"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0003-2697(87)90021-2", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(87)90021-2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7858788", "display_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "issn_l": "0003-2697", "issn": ["0003-2697", "1096-0309"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070962272", "display_name": "Piotr Chomczy\u0144ski", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9375-1353"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090567", "display_name": "National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases", "ror": "https://ror.org/00adh9b73", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299022934", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "https://openalex.org/I4210090567"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299022934", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Piotr Chomczynski", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolism, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolism, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "https://openalex.org/I4210090567"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5073693721", "display_name": "Nicoletta Sacchi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7164-401X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299022934", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210150208", "display_name": "Molecular Oncology (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/04rtkc841", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210150208"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nicoletta Sacchi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21701 USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21701 USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210150208", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5070962272"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "https://openalex.org/I4210090567"], "apc_list": {"value": 3320, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3320}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 125.6605, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 46854, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99997941, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "162", "issue": "1", "first_page": "156", "last_page": "159"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11970", "display_name": "Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9787999987602234, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11970", "display_name": "Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9787999987602234, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/rna-extraction", "display_name": "RNA extraction", "score": 0.8508381843566895}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chloroform", "display_name": "Chloroform", "score": 0.8494598269462585}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phenol", "display_name": "Phenol", "score": 0.7353430986404419}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction", "display_name": "Extraction (chemistry)", "score": 0.7104964852333069}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.699091911315918}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thiocyanate", "display_name": "Thiocyanate", "score": 0.679770827293396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography", "display_name": "Chromatography", "score": 0.6696425676345825}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/rna", "display_name": "RNA", "score": 0.6639275550842285}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation", "display_name": "Isolation (microbiology)", "score": 0.491384893655777}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phenol-extraction", "display_name": "Phenol extraction", "score": 0.4877637028694153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/yield", "display_name": "Yield (engineering)", "score": 0.417153000831604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "score": 0.4121885895729065}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "score": 0.25570976734161377}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.17152255773544312}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "score": 0.059410035610198975}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.04611197113990784}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.044563621282577515}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C112190416", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2124450", "display_name": "RNA extraction", "level": 4, "score": 0.8508381843566895}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781144210", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172275", "display_name": "Chloroform", "level": 2, "score": 0.8494598269462585}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777702071", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130336", "display_name": "Phenol", "level": 2, "score": 0.7353430986404419}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C4725764", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704", "display_name": "Extraction (chemistry)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7104964852333069}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.699091911315918}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776294642", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77747995", "display_name": "Thiocyanate", "level": 2, "score": 0.679770827293396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050", "display_name": "Chromatography", "level": 1, "score": 0.6696425676345825}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C67705224", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053", "display_name": "RNA", "level": 3, "score": 0.6639275550842285}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775941552", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305", "display_name": "Isolation (microbiology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.491384893655777}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C135650642", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181359", "display_name": "Phenol extraction", "level": 4, "score": 0.4877637028694153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134121241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301", "display_name": "Yield (engineering)", "level": 2, "score": 0.417153000831604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.4121885895729065}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.25570976734161377}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.17152255773544312}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C60644358", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "level": 1, "score": 0.059410035610198975}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.04611197113990784}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.044563621282577515}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C191897082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467", "display_name": "Metallurgy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0003-2697(87)90021-2", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(87)90021-2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7858788", "display_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "issn_l": "0003-2697", "issn": ["0003-2697", "1096-0309"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analytical Biochemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 10, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W188926460", "https://openalex.org/W1906197854", "https://openalex.org/W1935984619", "https://openalex.org/W1967346650", "https://openalex.org/W1969190934", "https://openalex.org/W1974848291", "https://openalex.org/W2057885570", "https://openalex.org/W2060333964", "https://openalex.org/W2071429697", "https://openalex.org/W2154347114"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2093128341", "https://openalex.org/W2062241257", "https://openalex.org/W4297995161", "https://openalex.org/W2372945783", "https://openalex.org/W2362399996", "https://openalex.org/W2321478862", "https://openalex.org/W4213454740", "https://openalex.org/W2364321300", "https://openalex.org/W4309323701", "https://openalex.org/W2063127825"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 69}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 273}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 327}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 305}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 284}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 351}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 400}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 419}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 421}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 439}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 486}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 483}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 583}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 590}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 688}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T08:04:53.788161", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2152195021", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/icnn.1995.488968", "title": "Particle swarm optimization", "display_name": "Particle swarm optimization", "publication_year": 2002, "publication_date": "2002-11-19", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2152195021", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/icnn.1995.488968", "mag": "2152195021"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/icnn.1995.488968", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/icnn.1995.488968", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of ICNN'95 - International Conference on Neural Networks", "raw_type": "proceedings-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102905570", "display_name": "James Kennedy", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4788-5622"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "J. Kennedy", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Washington D.C., DC, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Washington D.C., DC, USA", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109974163", "display_name": "R.C. Eberhart", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I55769427", "display_name": "Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis", "ror": "https://ror.org/05gxnyn08", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I55769427", "https://openalex.org/I592451"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I135191193", "display_name": "University of Indianapolis", "ror": "https://ror.org/052133d12", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I135191193"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "R. Eberhart", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indianapolis, IN, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indianapolis, IN, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I135191193", "https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5102905570"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 351.5726, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 46846, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "4", "issue": null, "first_page": "1942", "last_page": "1948"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10100", "display_name": "Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research", "score": 0.9764999747276306, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10100", "display_name": "Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research", "score": 0.9764999747276306, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.9521999955177307, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization", "display_name": "Particle swarm optimization", "score": 0.8018186092376709}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-swarm-optimization", "display_name": "Multi-swarm optimization", "score": 0.747697114944458}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark", "display_name": "Benchmark (surveying)", "score": 0.6900297999382019}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic", "display_name": "Metaheuristic", "score": 0.6794556379318237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.6412858963012695}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "score": 0.573228657245636}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system", "display_name": "Nonlinear system", "score": 0.501166582107544}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-intelligence", "display_name": "Swarm intelligence", "score": 0.45117515325546265}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-metaheuristic", "display_name": "Parallel metaheuristic", "score": 0.4475637972354889}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization", "display_name": "Mathematical optimization", "score": 0.44607383012771606}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-optimization", "display_name": "Meta-optimization", "score": 0.4314826726913452}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour", "display_name": "Swarm behaviour", "score": 0.4103761911392212}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.3783671259880066}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.2480829358100891}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.1462002992630005}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.08579716086387634}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C85617194", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794", "display_name": "Particle swarm optimization", "level": 2, "score": 0.8018186092376709}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C122357587", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508", "display_name": "Multi-swarm optimization", "level": 3, "score": 0.747697114944458}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185798385", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707", "display_name": "Benchmark (surveying)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6900297999382019}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C109718341", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229", "display_name": "Metaheuristic", "level": 2, "score": 0.6794556379318237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6412858963012695}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50644808", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.573228657245636}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C158622935", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848", "display_name": "Nonlinear system", "level": 2, "score": 0.501166582107544}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119487961", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863960", "display_name": "Swarm intelligence", "level": 3, "score": 0.45117515325546265}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C28767586", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135006", "display_name": "Parallel metaheuristic", "level": 4, "score": 0.4475637972354889}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126255220", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495", "display_name": "Mathematical optimization", "level": 1, "score": 0.44607383012771606}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C4935549", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822261", "display_name": "Meta-optimization", "level": 3, "score": 0.4314826726913452}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C181335050", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018", "display_name": "Swarm behaviour", "level": 2, "score": 0.4103761911392212}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.3783671259880066}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.2480829358100891}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.1462002992630005}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.08579716086387634}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C13280743", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089", "display_name": "Geodesy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1109/icnn.1995.488968", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/icnn.1995.488968", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of ICNN'95 - International Conference on Neural Networks", "raw_type": "proceedings-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:ir.lib.nchu.edu.tw:11455/16587", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/11455/16587", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Thesis and dissertation"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 14, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1497256448", "https://openalex.org/W1594358512", "https://openalex.org/W1659842140", "https://openalex.org/W1943122965", "https://openalex.org/W1986051627", "https://openalex.org/W2001619934", "https://openalex.org/W2150312211", "https://openalex.org/W2166843422", "https://openalex.org/W2247485652", "https://openalex.org/W2332626551", "https://openalex.org/W2996256129", "https://openalex.org/W4234406933", "https://openalex.org/W6646829571", "https://openalex.org/W6772483583"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4308079021", "https://openalex.org/W2385982498", "https://openalex.org/W3134373824", "https://openalex.org/W2778515884", "https://openalex.org/W2140214100", "https://openalex.org/W2161494499", "https://openalex.org/W4323922629", "https://openalex.org/W2134114282", "https://openalex.org/W3176822394", "https://openalex.org/W1993212790"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"A": [0], "concept": [1], "for": [2], "the": [3, 27, 34], "optimization": [4, 43, 55], "of": [5, 16, 24, 26, 33], "nonlinear": [6, 41], "functions": [7], "using": [8], "particle": [9, 53], "swarm": [10, 54], "methodology": [11], "is": [12, 19, 29, 36], "introduced.": [13], "The": [14, 50], "evolution": [15], "several": [17], "paradigms": [18, 28], "outlined,": [20], "and": [21, 38, 44, 56, 60], "an": [22], "implementation": [23], "one": [25], "discussed.": [30], "Benchmark": [31], "testing": [32], "paradigm": [35], "described,": [37], "applications,": [39], "including": [40], "function": [42], "neural": [45], "network": [46], "training,": [47], "are": [48, 63], "proposed.": [49], "relationships": [51], "between": [52], "both": [57], "artificial": [58], "life": [59], "genetic": [61], "algorithms": [62], "described.": [64]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 679}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3435}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3070}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2815}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2908}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3009}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2370}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1755}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1977}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2001}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2311}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2556}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2910}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2451}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2432}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2126105956", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/4235.996017", "title": "A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II", "display_name": "A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II", "publication_year": 2002, "publication_date": "2002-04-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2126105956", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/4235.996017", "mag": "2126105956"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/4235.996017", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/4235.996017", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S93787993", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation", "issn_l": "1089-778X", "issn": ["1089-778X", "1941-0026"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088394271", "display_name": "Kalyanmoy Deb", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7402-9939"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I94234084", "display_name": "Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur", "ror": "https://ror.org/05pjsgx75", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "K. Deb", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India", "[Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Lab., Indian Inst. of Technol., Kanpur, India]"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "[Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Lab., Indian Inst. of Technol., Kanpur, India]", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5003443596", "display_name": "Amrit Pratap", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I94234084", "display_name": "Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur", "ror": "https://ror.org/05pjsgx75", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "A. Pratap", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India", "[Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India]"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "[Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India]", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110225207", "display_name": "Sakshi Agarwal", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I94234084", "display_name": "Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur", "ror": "https://ror.org/05pjsgx75", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "S. Agarwal", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India", "[Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India]"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "[Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India]", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5066045362", "display_name": "T. Meyarivan", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I94234084", "display_name": "Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur", "ror": "https://ror.org/05pjsgx75", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "T. Meyarivan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India", "[Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India]"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "[Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India]", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I94234084"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5088394271"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I94234084"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 196.9633, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 46673, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "6", "issue": "2", "first_page": "182", "last_page": "197"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10848", "display_name": "Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1703", "display_name": "Computational Theory and Mathematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10848", "display_name": "Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1703", "display_name": "Computational Theory and Mathematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10100", "display_name": "Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research", "score": 0.9987999796867371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11975", "display_name": "Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications", "score": 0.9958999752998352, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization", "display_name": "Mathematical optimization", "score": 0.7549978494644165}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting", "display_name": "Sorting", "score": 0.7539053559303284}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm", "display_name": "Evolutionary algorithm", "score": 0.6553612351417542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization", "display_name": "Multi-objective optimization", "score": 0.6378189325332642}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-principle", "display_name": "Pareto principle", "score": 0.5412494540214539}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/population", "display_name": "Population", "score": 0.49846434593200684}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.46970078349113464}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory", "display_name": "Computational complexity theory", "score": 0.45895346999168396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/selection", "display_name": "Selection (genetic algorithm)", "score": 0.44139882922172546}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence", "display_name": "Convergence (economics)", "score": 0.43460774421691895}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm", "display_name": "Genetic algorithm", "score": 0.4344310760498047}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.42343127727508545}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.35380423069000244}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.1653900146484375}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C126255220", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495", "display_name": "Mathematical optimization", "level": 1, "score": 0.7549978494644165}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111696304", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697", "display_name": "Sorting", "level": 2, "score": 0.7539053559303284}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159149176", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129", "display_name": "Evolutionary algorithm", "level": 2, "score": 0.6553612351417542}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C68781425", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203", "display_name": "Multi-objective optimization", "level": 2, "score": 0.6378189325332642}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C137635306", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667", "display_name": "Pareto principle", "level": 2, "score": 0.5412494540214539}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603", "display_name": "Population", "level": 2, "score": 0.49846434593200684}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.46970078349113464}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C179799912", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084", "display_name": "Computational complexity theory", "level": 2, "score": 0.45895346999168396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C81917197", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760", "display_name": "Selection (genetic algorithm)", "level": 2, "score": 0.44139882922172546}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777303404", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757", "display_name": "Convergence (economics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.43460774421691895}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8880873", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787", "display_name": "Genetic algorithm", "level": 2, "score": 0.4344310760498047}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.42343127727508545}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.35380423069000244}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.1653900146484375}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833", "display_name": "Economic growth", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149923435", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732", "display_name": "Demography", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1109/4235.996017", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/4235.996017", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S93787993", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation", "issn_l": "1089-778X", "issn": ["1089-778X", "1941-0026"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.17.7771", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.17.7771", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://work.caltech.edu/amrit/papers/nsga2.ps.gz", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.542.385", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.542.385", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://dynamics.org/~altenber/UH_ICS/EC_REFS/GP_REFS/MULTI_OBJ/DebPratapAgarwalMeyarivan.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/09389afd-b27f-4aa0-a618-d6ccc0b557b1", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/09389afd-b27f-4aa0-a618-d6ccc0b557b1", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402634", "display_name": "University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I79619799", "host_organization_name": "University of Birmingham", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I79619799"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Deb, K, Pratap, A, Agarwal, S & Meyarivan, T 2002, 'A fast and elitist multi-objective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II', IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 182-197. https://doi.org/10.1109/4235.996017", "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 33, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W146839677", "https://openalex.org/W225560312", "https://openalex.org/W1248696213", "https://openalex.org/W1479771599", "https://openalex.org/W1504943474", "https://openalex.org/W1532399581", "https://openalex.org/W1558919105", "https://openalex.org/W1572960541", "https://openalex.org/W1595498733", "https://openalex.org/W1606791384", "https://openalex.org/W1607104331", "https://openalex.org/W1612556207", "https://openalex.org/W1905847227", "https://openalex.org/W1957430778", "https://openalex.org/W2056605897", "https://openalex.org/W2109880321", "https://openalex.org/W2116661285", "https://openalex.org/W2118745618", "https://openalex.org/W2125899728", "https://openalex.org/W2135864487", "https://openalex.org/W2140066605", "https://openalex.org/W2145479420", "https://openalex.org/W2152551290", "https://openalex.org/W2155019998", "https://openalex.org/W2161055009", "https://openalex.org/W2261054240", "https://openalex.org/W6606151798", "https://openalex.org/W6608886761", "https://openalex.org/W6628249391", "https://openalex.org/W6634239536", "https://openalex.org/W6636219764", "https://openalex.org/W6636658889", "https://openalex.org/W6680838134"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1994686097", "https://openalex.org/W2090178682", "https://openalex.org/W4241467429", "https://openalex.org/W2906115061", "https://openalex.org/W2977596624", "https://openalex.org/W2001591765", "https://openalex.org/W2073147994", "https://openalex.org/W2145877535", "https://openalex.org/W2744730182", "https://openalex.org/W2384474142"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Multi-objective": [0], "evolutionary": [1, 153], "algorithms": [2], "(MOEAs)": [3], "that": [4, 90, 121, 160], "use": [5], "non-dominated": [6, 53, 74], "sorting": [7, 75], "and": [8, 28, 38, 99, 102, 112, 136, 150, 210], "sharing": [9, 45], "have": [10], "been": [11], "criticized": [12], "mainly": [13], "for:": [14], "(1)": [15], "their": [16, 35], "O(MN/sup": [17, 78], "3/)": [18], "computational": [19, 80], "complexity": [20, 81], "(where": [21], "M": [22], "is": [23, 30, 82, 88, 123, 217], "the": [24, 31, 40, 67, 97, 104, 140, 146, 151, 173, 188, 211], "number": [25, 193], "of": [26, 66, 134, 175, 187, 194, 215], "objectives": [27], "N": [29, 106], "population": [32], "size);": [33], "(2)": [34], "non-elitism": [36], "approach;": [37], "(3)": [39], "need": [41], "to": [42, 110, 128, 145, 164, 179], "specify": [43], "a": [44, 52, 72, 85, 92, 130, 166, 192, 198], "parameter.": [46], "In": [47], "this": [48], "paper,": [49], "we": [50, 171], "suggest": [51], "sorting-based": [54], "MOEA,": [55], "called": [56], "NSGA-II": [57, 122, 190, 216], "(Non-dominated": [58], "Sorting": [59], "Genetic": [60], "Algorithm": [61], "II),": [62], "which": [63], "alleviates": [64], "all": [65], "above": [68], "three": [69], "difficulties.": [70], "Specifically,": [71], "fast": [73], "approach": [76], "with": [77, 205], "2/)": [79], "presented.": [83], "Also,": [84], "selection": [86], "operator": [87], "presented": [89], "creates": [91], "mating": [93], "pool": [94], "by": [95], "combining": [96], "parent": [98], "offspring": [100], "populations": [101], "selecting": [103], "best": [105], "solutions": [107, 135], "(with": [108], "respect": [109], "fitness": [111], "spread).": [113], "Simulation": [114, 185], "results": [115, 186], "on": [116, 191], "difficult": [117], "test": [118, 195], "problems": [119, 183], "show": [120], "able,": [124], "for": [125], "most": [126], "problems,": [127, 196], "find": [129], "much": [131, 212], "better": [132, 137, 213], "spread": [133], "convergence": [138], "near": [139], "true": [141], "Pareto-optimal": [142, 168], "front": [143], "compared": [144, 204], "Pareto-archived": [147], "evolution": [148], "strategy": [149], "strength-Pareto": [152], "algorithm": [154], "-": [155], "two": [156], "other": [157], "elitist": [158], "MOEAs": [159], "pay": [161], "special": [162], "attention": [163], "creating": [165], "diverse": [167], "front.": [169], "Moreover,": [170], "modify": [172], "definition": [174], "dominance": [176], "in": [177], "order": [178], "solve": [180], "constrained": [181, 189, 207], "multi-objective": [182, 208], "efficiently.": [184], "including": [197], "five-objective,": [199], "seven-constraint": [200], "nonlinear": [201], "problem,": [202], "are": [203], "another": [206], "optimizer,": [209], "performance": [214], "observed.": [218]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1049}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4550}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3999}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3689}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3441}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3426}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3101}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2895}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2663}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2413}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2296}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2141}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1995}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1697}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1456}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2329395632", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2575405", "title": "The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research.", "display_name": "The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research.", "publication_year": 1968, "publication_date": "1968-06-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2329395632", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2575405", "mag": "2329395632"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.2307/2575405", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2575405", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S130611943", "display_name": "Social Forces", "issn_l": "0037-7732", "issn": ["0037-7732", "1534-7605"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Social Forces", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084106347", "display_name": "Helmut R. Wagner", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Helmut R. Wagner", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5044483808", "display_name": "Barney G. Glaser", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Barney G. Glaser", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108677812", "display_name": "Anselm L. Strauss", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Anselm L. Strauss", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5084106347"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": {"value": 3802, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3802}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 47.1843, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 46618, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99774876, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "46", "issue": "4", "first_page": "555", "last_page": "555"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12880", "display_name": "Qualitative Research Methods and Applications", "score": 0.21379999816417694, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12880", "display_name": "Qualitative Research Methods and Applications", "score": 0.21379999816417694, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/grounded-theory", "display_name": "Grounded theory", "score": 0.7557982802391052}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research", "display_name": "Qualitative research", "score": 0.497896671295166}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.4626193344593048}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.4117634892463684}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.3562648892402649}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science", "display_name": "Social science", "score": 0.1669219434261322}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.12369769811630249}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C156325361", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864", "display_name": "Grounded theory", "level": 3, "score": 0.7557982802391052}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C190248442", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486", "display_name": "Qualitative research", "level": 2, "score": 0.497896671295166}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4626193344593048}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.4117634892463684}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.3562648892402649}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749", "display_name": "Social science", "level": 1, "score": 0.1669219434261322}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.12369769811630249}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.2307/2575405", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2575405", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S130611943", "display_name": "Social Forces", "issn_l": "0037-7732", "issn": ["0037-7732", "1534-7605"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Social Forces", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W1546533203", "https://openalex.org/W2054080977", "https://openalex.org/W2015439768", "https://openalex.org/W4361008414", "https://openalex.org/W3040823075", "https://openalex.org/W2092147963", "https://openalex.org/W2997577522", "https://openalex.org/W2119545855", "https://openalex.org/W2363024216"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 15}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 452}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 443}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 562}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1410}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1784}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1906}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2013}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2351}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2781}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3158}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3396}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 3104}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2940}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4297081765", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8223(94)92216-0", "title": "Harvard business review", "display_name": "Harvard business review", "publication_year": 1994, "publication_date": "1994-09-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4297081765", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8223(94)92216-0"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0002-8223(94)92216-0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8223(94)92216-0", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S150273397", "display_name": "Journal of the American Dietetic Association", "issn_l": "0002-8223", "issn": ["0002-8223", "1878-3570"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the American Dietetic Association", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 23699.5762, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 46510, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "94", "issue": "9", "first_page": "1062", "last_page": "1063"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13638", "display_name": "Human auditory perception and evaluation", "score": 0.013500000350177288, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2202", "display_name": "Aerospace Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13638", "display_name": "Human auditory perception and evaluation", "score": 0.013500000350177288, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2202", "display_name": "Aerospace Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14325", "display_name": "Diverse Specialized Academic Research", "score": 0.007499999832361937, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2002", "display_name": "Economics and Econometrics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14335", "display_name": "Educational Robotics and Engineering", "score": 0.005900000222027302, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.3119197487831116}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.3119197487831116}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0002-8223(94)92216-0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8223(94)92216-0", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S150273397", "display_name": "Journal of the American Dietetic Association", "issn_l": "0002-8223", "issn": ["0002-8223", "1878-3570"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the American Dietetic Association", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W3032375762", "https://openalex.org/W1995515455", "https://openalex.org/W2080531066", "https://openalex.org/W2039318446", "https://openalex.org/W3108674512", "https://openalex.org/W1506200166", "https://openalex.org/W2048182022", "https://openalex.org/W2604872355"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1381}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1633}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1622}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1907}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1806}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1838}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2006}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2195}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2048}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2016}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1928}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1848}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1759}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1600}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2097117768", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298594", "title": "Going deeper with convolutions", "display_name": "Going deeper with convolutions", "publication_year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-06-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2097117768", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298594", "mag": "2097117768"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298594", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298594", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)", "raw_type": "proceedings-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002183320", "display_name": "Christian Szegedy", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-1851"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "display_name": "Google (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00njsd438", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Christian Szegedy", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Google Inc, Mountain View, CA, US", "Google, Inc, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Google Inc, Mountain View, CA, US", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Google, Inc, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100641142", "display_name": "Wei Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7409-0948"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I114027177", "display_name": "University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill", "ror": "https://ror.org/0130frc33", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wei Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill", "[University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA]"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "[University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA]", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110220840", "display_name": "Yangqing Jia", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2803038027", "display_name": "IGlobal University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01jc8rs51", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2803038027"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "display_name": "Google (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00njsd438", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yangqing Jia", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IGoogle Inc", "Google, Inc, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IGoogle Inc", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2803038027"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Google, Inc, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5066544075", "display_name": "Pierre Sermanet", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2803038027", "display_name": "IGlobal University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01jc8rs51", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2803038027"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "display_name": "Google (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00njsd438", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pierre Sermanet", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IGoogle Inc", "Google, Inc, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IGoogle Inc", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2803038027"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Google, Inc, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5059110895", "display_name": "Scott Reed", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I27837315", "display_name": "University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor", "ror": "https://ror.org/00jmfr291", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Scott Reed", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ann Arbor, University of Michigan", "University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ann Arbor, University of Michigan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5081024054", "display_name": "Dragomir Anguelov", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "display_name": "Google (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00njsd438", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2803038027", "display_name": "IGlobal University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01jc8rs51", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2803038027"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Dragomir Anguelov", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IGoogle Inc", "Google, Inc, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IGoogle Inc", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2803038027"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Google, Inc, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084125668", "display_name": "Dumitru Erhan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7650-1475"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "display_name": "Google (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00njsd438", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Dumitru Erhan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Google Inc, Mountain View, CA, US", "Google, Inc, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Google Inc, Mountain View, CA, US", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Google, Inc, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5013813527", "display_name": "Vincent Vanhoucke", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0544-2791"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2803038027", "display_name": "IGlobal University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01jc8rs51", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2803038027"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "display_name": "Google (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00njsd438", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Vincent Vanhoucke", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IGoogle Inc", "Google, Inc, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IGoogle Inc", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2803038027"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Google, Inc, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026452365", "display_name": "Andrew Rabinovich", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3078-6705"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210148872", "display_name": "Magic Leap (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/058j17k65", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210148872"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Andrew Rabinovich", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Magic Leap Inc", "Magic Leap Inc., USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Magic Leap Inc", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210148872"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Magic Leap Inc., USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210148872"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 9, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5002183320"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1649.3596, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 46426, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99998358, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": "1", "last_page": "9"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10627", "display_name": "Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11307", "display_name": "Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.7904930114746094}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture", "display_name": "Architecture", "score": 0.6837412714958191}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network", "display_name": "Convolutional neural network", "score": 0.6808278560638428}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/intuition", "display_name": "Intuition", "score": 0.6229092478752136}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.6205503940582275}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning", "display_name": "Deep learning", "score": 0.5262079834938049}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/network-architecture", "display_name": "Network architecture", "score": 0.5069937705993652}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/context", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "score": 0.48474356532096863}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "score": 0.4506235718727112}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scale", "display_name": "Scale (ratio)", "score": 0.4258390963077545}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.3839419484138489}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.3793525695800781}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network", "display_name": "Computer network", "score": 0.0774381160736084}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.7904930114746094}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C123657996", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271", "display_name": "Architecture", "level": 2, "score": 0.6837412714958191}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C81363708", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460", "display_name": "Convolutional neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.6808278560638428}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C132010649", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222", "display_name": "Intuition", "level": 2, "score": 0.6229092478752136}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.6205503940582275}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C108583219", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536", "display_name": "Deep learning", "level": 2, "score": 0.5262079834938049}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C193415008", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681", "display_name": "Network architecture", "level": 2, "score": 0.5069937705993652}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.48474356532096863}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50644808", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.4506235718727112}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778755073", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537", "display_name": "Scale (ratio)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4258390963077545}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.3839419484138489}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.3793525695800781}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C31258907", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371", "display_name": "Computer network", "level": 1, "score": 0.0774381160736084}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649", "display_name": "Visual arts", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205", "display_name": "Paleontology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298594", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298594", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)", "raw_type": "proceedings-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9", "display_name": "Industry, innovation and infrastructure", "score": 0.5899999737739563}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 32, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W104184427", "https://openalex.org/W388277973", "https://openalex.org/W1709548961", "https://openalex.org/W1849277567", "https://openalex.org/W1904365287", "https://openalex.org/W2068730032", "https://openalex.org/W2069277577", "https://openalex.org/W2086161653", "https://openalex.org/W2102605133", "https://openalex.org/W2112796928", "https://openalex.org/W2113325037", "https://openalex.org/W2122283107", "https://openalex.org/W2129305389", "https://openalex.org/W2130306094", "https://openalex.org/W2143915663", "https://openalex.org/W2144982973", "https://openalex.org/W2147800946", "https://openalex.org/W2163605009", "https://openalex.org/W2168231600", "https://openalex.org/W2963542991", "https://openalex.org/W2963911037", "https://openalex.org/W6604254268", "https://openalex.org/W6629368666", "https://openalex.org/W6637616945", "https://openalex.org/W6638444622", "https://openalex.org/W6639204139", "https://openalex.org/W6640036494", "https://openalex.org/W6676698716", "https://openalex.org/W6679349572", "https://openalex.org/W6680949076", "https://openalex.org/W6684191040", "https://openalex.org/W6684859321"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2364252372", "https://openalex.org/W4234066492", "https://openalex.org/W1998063895", "https://openalex.org/W1967044713", "https://openalex.org/W4226493464", "https://openalex.org/W4312417841", "https://openalex.org/W3133861977", "https://openalex.org/W2951211570", "https://openalex.org/W3103566983", "https://openalex.org/W3029198973"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"We": [0], "propose": [1], "a": [2, 49, 98], "deep": [3, 101], "convolutional": [4], "neural": [5], "network": [6, 61], "architecture": [7, 36], "codenamed": [8], "Inception": [9], "that": [10], "achieves": [11], "the": [12, 16, 23, 38, 42, 46, 55, 60, 64, 71, 77, 81, 103, 110], "new": [13], "state": [14], "of": [15, 34, 41, 59, 83, 105, 112], "art": [17], "for": [18, 93], "classification": [19, 113], "and": [20, 57, 80, 114], "detection": [21], "in": [22, 90, 109], "ImageNet": [24], "Large-Scale": [25], "Visual": [26], "Recognition": [27], "Challenge": [28], "2014": [29], "(ILSVRC14).": [30], "The": [31], "main": [32], "hallmark": [33], "this": [35], "is": [37, 95, 107], "improved": [39], "utilization": [40], "computing": [43], "resources": [44], "inside": [45], "network.": [47], "By": [48], "carefully": [50], "crafted": [51], "design,": [52], "we": [53], "increased": [54], "depth": [56], "width": [58], "while": [62], "keeping": [63], "computational": [65], "budget": [66], "constant.": [67], "To": [68], "optimize": [69], "quality,": [70], "architectural": [72], "decisions": [73], "were": [74], "based": [75], "on": [76], "Hebbian": [78], "principle": [79], "intuition": [82], "multi-scale": [84], "processing.": [85], "One": [86], "particular": [87], "incarnation": [88], "used": [89], "our": [91], "submission": [92], "ILSVRC14": [94], "called": [96], "GoogLeNet,": [97], "22": [99], "layers": [100], "network,": [102], "quality": [104], "which": [106], "assessed": [108], "context": [111], "detection.": [115]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 453}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2980}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3921}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5189}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5771}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6906}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 6404}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 5960}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4318}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2838}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1302}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 359}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3011865677", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1914185", "title": "Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk", "display_name": "Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk", "publication_year": 1979, "publication_date": "1979-03-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3011865677", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1914185", "mag": "3011865677"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.2307/1914185", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1914185", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S95464858", "display_name": "Econometrica", "issn_l": "0012-9682", "issn": ["0012-9682", "1468-0262"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Econometrica", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111995000", "display_name": "Daniel Kahneman", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Daniel Kahneman", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5000234995", "display_name": "Amos Tversky", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Amos Tversky", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5111995000"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": {"value": 4800, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4800}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 16.0748, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 46171, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "47", "issue": "2", "first_page": "263", "last_page": "263"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10315", "display_name": "Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics", "score": 0.8069000244140625, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1800", "display_name": "General Decision Sciences"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10315", "display_name": "Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics", "score": 0.8069000244140625, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1800", "display_name": "General Decision Sciences"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11413", "display_name": "Risk and Portfolio Optimization", "score": 0.016699999570846558, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11886", "display_name": "Agricultural risk and resilience", "score": 0.016599999740719795, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1111", "display_name": "Soil Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-theory", "display_name": "Decision theory", "score": 0.5278561115264893}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/economics", "display_name": "Economics", "score": 0.5195212960243225}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/prospect-theory", "display_name": "Prospect theory", "score": 0.41429218649864197}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics", "display_name": "Econometrics", "score": 0.3452727794647217}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics", "display_name": "Mathematical economics", "score": 0.34383708238601685}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics", "display_name": "Microeconomics", "score": 0.17420414090156555}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C28901747", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177571", "display_name": "Decision theory", "level": 2, "score": 0.5278561115264893}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.5195212960243225}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C339426", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151839", "display_name": "Prospect theory", "level": 2, "score": 0.41429218649864197}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039", "display_name": "Econometrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3452727794647217}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144237770", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534", "display_name": "Mathematical economics", "level": 1, "score": 0.34383708238601685}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C175444787", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072", "display_name": "Microeconomics", "level": 1, "score": 0.17420414090156555}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.2307/1914185", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1914185", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S95464858", "display_name": "Econometrica", "issn_l": "0012-9682", "issn": ["0012-9682", "1468-0262"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Econometrica", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.592.6674", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.592.6674", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.immagic.com/eLibrary/ARCHIVES/GENERAL/JOURNALS/E790301K.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16", "display_name": "Peace, Justice and strong institutions", "score": 0.7099999785423279}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2375069121", "https://openalex.org/W2148846503", "https://openalex.org/W1602923121", "https://openalex.org/W3123937287", "https://openalex.org/W4242674539", "https://openalex.org/W2374092556", "https://openalex.org/W4242747841", "https://openalex.org/W2006829917", "https://openalex.org/W2385337952", "https://openalex.org/W1867807111"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0, 62, 100], "paper": [1], "presents": [2], "a": [3, 10], "critique": [4], "of": [5, 13, 41, 122, 183, 187, 195], "expected": [6], "utility": [7, 42], "theory": [8, 121], "as": [9], "descriptive": [11], "model": [12], "decision": [14, 147], "making": [15], "under": [16, 98], "risk,": [17], "and": [18, 77, 133, 140, 161, 198], "develops": [19], "an": [20], "alternative": [21, 120], "model,": [22], "called": [23, 64, 102], "prospect": [24], "theory.": [25, 43], "Choices": [26], "among": [27], "risky": [28], "prospects": [29, 97], "exhibit": [30], "several": [31], "pervasive": [32], "effects": [33], "that": [34, 49, 57, 92], "are": [35, 50, 58, 93, 144, 172], "inconsistent": [36, 108], "with": [37, 55, 60], "the": [38, 65, 103, 111, 176, 181, 193], "basic": [39], "tenets": [40], "In": [44, 86], "particular,": [45], "people": [46, 88], "underweight": [47], "outcomes": [48, 56], "merely": [51], "probable": [52], "in": [53, 72, 81, 116, 126, 141, 180], "comparison": [54], "obtained": [59], "certainty.": [61], "tendency,": [63, 101], "certainty": [66], "effect,": [67, 105], "contributes": [68], "to": [69, 78, 107, 131, 137, 192], "risk": [70, 79], "aversion": [71], "choices": [73, 82], "involving": [74, 83], "sure": [75, 84], "gains": [76, 132], "seeking": [80], "losses.": [85], "addition,": [87], "generally": [89, 163, 173], "discard": [90], "components": [91], "shared": [94], "by": [95, 146], "all": [96], "consideration.": [99], "isolation": [104], "leads": [106], "preferences": [109], "when": [110], "same": [112], "choice": [113, 123], "is": [114, 124, 129, 152, 162], "presented": [115], "different": [117], "forms.": [118], "An": [119], "developed,": [125], "which": [127, 142], "value": [128, 150], "assigned": [130], "losses": [134, 166], "rather": [135], "than": [136, 167, 175], "final": [138], "assets": [139], "probabilities": [143, 189], "replaced": [145], "weights.": [148], "The": [149], "function": [151], "normally": [153], "concave": [154], "for": [155, 159, 165, 168], "gains,": [156], "commonly": [157], "convex": [158], "losses,": [160], "steeper": [164], "gains.": [169], "Decision": [170], "weights": [171], "lower": [174], "corresponding": [177], "probabilities,": [178], "except": [179], "range": [182], "low": [184, 188], "prob-abilities.": [185], "Overweighting": [186], "may": [190], "contribute": [191], "attractiveness": [194], "both": [196], "insurance": [197], "gambling.": [199], "1.": [200]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 765}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3061}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2771}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2800}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2752}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2832}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2590}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2598}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2505}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2296}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2079}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1966}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1858}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1643}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1580}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2166281097", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x", "title": "The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale", "display_name": "The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale", "publication_year": 1983, "publication_date": "1983-06-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2166281097", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x", "mag": "2166281097", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6880820"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S199498439", "display_name": "Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica", "issn_l": "0001-690X", "issn": ["0001-690X", "1600-0447"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007379298", "display_name": "A. S. Zigmond", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I130828816", "display_name": "University of Leeds", "ror": "https://ror.org/024mrxd33", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "A. S. Zigmond", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Dept. of Psychiatry, 15 Hyde Terrace, Leeds LS2 9LT, England"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Dept. of Psychiatry, 15 Hyde Terrace, Leeds LS2 9LT, England", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088498607", "display_name": "R. P. Snaith", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I130828816", "display_name": "University of Leeds", "ror": "https://ror.org/024mrxd33", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "R. P. Snaith", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Dept. of Psychiatry, 15 Hyde Terrace, Leeds LS2 9LT, England"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Dept. of Psychiatry, 15 Hyde Terrace, Leeds LS2 9LT, England", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5088498607"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I130828816"], "apc_list": {"value": 4430, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4430}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 18.0499, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 46086, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99281706, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "67", "issue": "6", "first_page": "361", "last_page": "370"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10853", "display_name": "Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes", "score": 0.9994000196456909, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3205", "display_name": "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10853", "display_name": "Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes", "score": 0.9994000196456909, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3205", "display_name": "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11334", "display_name": "Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments", "score": 0.9988999962806702, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2738", "display_name": "Psychiatry and Mental health"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11083", "display_name": "Cardiac Health and Mental Health", "score": 0.9973000288009644, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2705", "display_name": "Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety", "display_name": "Anxiety", "score": 0.7409211993217468}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/depression", "display_name": "Depression (economics)", "score": 0.6812386512756348}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-anxiety-and-depression-scale", "display_name": "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale", "score": 0.5672159194946289}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry", "display_name": "Psychiatry", "score": 0.5500208735466003}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scale", "display_name": "Scale (ratio)", "score": 0.5033630728721619}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.46508923172950745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology", "display_name": "Clinical psychology", "score": 0.4646131098270416}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/outpatient-clinic", "display_name": "Outpatient clinic", "score": 0.4444262981414795}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.3814036250114441}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C558461103", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430", "display_name": "Anxiety", "level": 2, "score": 0.7409211993217468}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776867660", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941", "display_name": "Depression (economics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6812386512756348}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778739829", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027611", "display_name": "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale", "level": 3, "score": 0.5672159194946289}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867", "display_name": "Psychiatry", "level": 1, "score": 0.5500208735466003}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778755073", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537", "display_name": "Scale (ratio)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5033630728721619}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.46508923172950745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70410870", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906", "display_name": "Clinical psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4646131098270416}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3020110884", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695416", "display_name": "Outpatient clinic", "level": 2, "score": 0.4444262981414795}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.3814036250114441}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680", "display_name": "Macroeconomics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000293", "descriptor_name": "Adolescent", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000293", "descriptor_name": "Adolescent", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000293", "descriptor_name": "Adolescent", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000368", "descriptor_name": "Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000368", "descriptor_name": "Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000368", "descriptor_name": "Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001008", "descriptor_name": "Anxiety Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001008", "descriptor_name": "Anxiety Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001008", "descriptor_name": "Anxiety Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003866", "descriptor_name": "Depressive Disorder", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003866", "descriptor_name": "Depressive Disorder", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003866", "descriptor_name": "Depressive Disorder", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007406", "descriptor_name": "Interview, Psychological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007406", "descriptor_name": "Interview, Psychological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007406", "descriptor_name": "Interview, Psychological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010044", "descriptor_name": "Outpatient Clinics, Hospital", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010044", "descriptor_name": "Outpatient Clinics, Hospital", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010044", "descriptor_name": "Outpatient Clinics, Hospital", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010045", "descriptor_name": "Outpatients", "qualifier_ui": "Q000523", "qualifier_name": "psychology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010045", "descriptor_name": "Outpatients", "qualifier_ui": "Q000523", "qualifier_name": "psychology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010045", "descriptor_name": "Outpatients", "qualifier_ui": "Q000523", "qualifier_name": "psychology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010361", "descriptor_name": "Patients", "qualifier_ui": "Q000523", "qualifier_name": "psychology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010361", "descriptor_name": "Patients", "qualifier_ui": "Q000523", "qualifier_name": "psychology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010361", "descriptor_name": "Patients", "qualifier_ui": "Q000523", "qualifier_name": "psychology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011569", "descriptor_name": "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011569", "descriptor_name": "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011569", "descriptor_name": "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011594", "descriptor_name": "Psychometrics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011594", "descriptor_name": "Psychometrics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011594", "descriptor_name": "Psychometrics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S199498439", "display_name": "Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica", "issn_l": "0001-690X", "issn": ["0001-690X", "1600-0447"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:6880820", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6880820", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "display_name": "Good health and well-being", "score": 0.6600000262260437}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 11, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1971198533", "https://openalex.org/W1985955058", "https://openalex.org/W2046687511", "https://openalex.org/W2109226331", "https://openalex.org/W2117170428", "https://openalex.org/W2130631302", "https://openalex.org/W2152068408", "https://openalex.org/W2168250407", "https://openalex.org/W2330340192", "https://openalex.org/W2332289872", "https://openalex.org/W3142070732"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2358430072", "https://openalex.org/W3034664541", "https://openalex.org/W2989632124", "https://openalex.org/W2013157839", "https://openalex.org/W2111463896", "https://openalex.org/W2086259589", "https://openalex.org/W2964000526", "https://openalex.org/W2378173657", "https://openalex.org/W4206387907", "https://openalex.org/W2182988309"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"A": [0], "self-assessment": [1], "scale": [2], "has": [3], "been": [4], "developed": [5], "and": [6, 18, 31, 64, 73, 77], "found": [7], "to": [8], "be": [9], "a": [10], "reliable": [11], "instrument": [12], "for": [13], "detecting": [14], "states": [15], "of": [16, 23, 38, 40, 50, 62, 66], "depression": [17], "anxiety": [19, 30], "in": [20, 69, 75], "the": [21, 41, 48, 51, 59], "setting": [22], "an": [24], "hospital": [25, 55], "medical": [26, 76], "outpatient": [27], "clinic.": [28], "The": [29], "depressive": [32], "subscales": [33], "are": [34], "also": [35], "valid": [36], "measures": [37], "severity": [39], "emotional": [42, 67], "disorder.": [43], "It": [44], "is": [45], "suggested": [46], "that": [47], "introduction": [49], "scales": [52], "into": [53], "general": [54], "practice": [56], "would": [57], "facilitate": [58], "large": [60], "task": [61], "detection": [63], "management": [65], "disorder": [68], "patients": [70], "under": [71], "investigation": [72], "treatment": [74], "surgical": [78], "departments.": [79]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 600}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2619}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2971}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2763}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3005}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3204}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2892}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2405}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2216}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2145}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2072}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2066}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1953}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1922}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1694}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2132926880", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340", "title": "MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput", "display_name": "MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput", "publication_year": 2004, "publication_date": "2004-03-08", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2132926880", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340", "mag": "2132926880", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15034147"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/gkh340", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/32/5/1792/7055030/gkh340.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/32/5/1792/7055030/gkh340.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5077667471", "display_name": "R. C. Edgar", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7355-2541"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210117505", "display_name": "Mill Valley Public Library", "ror": "https://ror.org/01sh98j38", "country_code": "US", "type": "archive", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117505"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "R. C. Edgar", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["bob@drive5.com", "195 Roque Moraes Drive, Mill Valley, CA 94941, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "bob@drive5.com", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "195 Roque Moraes Drive, Mill Valley, CA 94941, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117505"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5077667471"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210117505"], "apc_list": {"value": 3630, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3630}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 87.425, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 46012, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99994513, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "32", "issue": "5", "first_page": "1792", "last_page": "1797"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10521", "display_name": "RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms", "score": 0.9936000108718872, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10602", "display_name": "Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research", "score": 0.989300012588501, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark", "display_name": "Benchmark (surveying)", "score": 0.7124455571174622}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sequence-alignment", "display_name": "Multiple sequence alignment", "score": 0.6760332584381104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.5016913414001465}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.47832274436950684}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/rank", "display_name": "Rank (graph theory)", "score": 0.4745957553386688}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-alignment", "display_name": "Sequence alignment", "score": 0.43878284096717834}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code", "display_name": "Source code", "score": 0.4250113070011139}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tree", "display_name": "Tree (set theory)", "score": 0.4102921783924103}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.11400958895683289}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics", "display_name": "Combinatorics", "score": 0.10886672139167786}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C185798385", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707", "display_name": "Benchmark (surveying)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7124455571174622}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C88031987", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377767", "display_name": "Multiple sequence alignment", "level": 5, "score": 0.6760332584381104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.5016913414001465}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.47832274436950684}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C164226766", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202", "display_name": "Rank (graph theory)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4745957553386688}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C45484198", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827246", "display_name": "Sequence alignment", "level": 4, "score": 0.43878284096717834}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43126263", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751", "display_name": "Source code", "level": 2, "score": 0.4250113070011139}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C113174947", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736", "display_name": "Tree (set theory)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4102921783924103}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.11400958895683289}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C114614502", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592", "display_name": "Combinatorics", "level": 1, "score": 0.10886672139167786}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C167625842", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899763", "display_name": "Peptide sequence", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C13280743", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089", "display_name": "Geodesy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020539", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, Protein", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020539", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, Protein", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020539", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, Protein", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020816", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Motifs", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020816", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Motifs", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020816", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Motifs", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 6, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/gkh340", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/32/5/1792/7055030/gkh340.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:15034147", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15034147", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic acids research", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.132.6852", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.132.6852", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/32/5/1792.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.318.6508", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.318.6508", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/content/32/5/1792.full.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:161665", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC390337", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:390337", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/390337", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Res", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/gkh340", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/32/5/1792/7055030/gkh340.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2132926880.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 46, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1966190762", "https://openalex.org/W1966521833", "https://openalex.org/W1969153299", "https://openalex.org/W1974758710", "https://openalex.org/W1977922844", "https://openalex.org/W1996681309", "https://openalex.org/W2002638840", "https://openalex.org/W2006290495", "https://openalex.org/W2045391589", "https://openalex.org/W2062233253", "https://openalex.org/W2062693912", "https://openalex.org/W2078138505", "https://openalex.org/W2085277871", "https://openalex.org/W2097386339", "https://openalex.org/W2097706568", "https://openalex.org/W2097818324", "https://openalex.org/W2101418959", "https://openalex.org/W2102424043", "https://openalex.org/W2105118494", "https://openalex.org/W2106241755", "https://openalex.org/W2106882534", "https://openalex.org/W2109607376", "https://openalex.org/W2112162865", "https://openalex.org/W2122665495", "https://openalex.org/W2126332379", "https://openalex.org/W2127774996", "https://openalex.org/W2128613007", "https://openalex.org/W2133312664", "https://openalex.org/W2135326109", "https://openalex.org/W2141411672", "https://openalex.org/W2144362290", "https://openalex.org/W2145358391", "https://openalex.org/W2147285856", "https://openalex.org/W2148311769", "https://openalex.org/W2149758239", "https://openalex.org/W2152326664", "https://openalex.org/W2155237411", "https://openalex.org/W2155479906", "https://openalex.org/W2158714788", "https://openalex.org/W2163860567", "https://openalex.org/W2169459078", "https://openalex.org/W2169870335", "https://openalex.org/W2187406058", "https://openalex.org/W2316508456", "https://openalex.org/W4231445346", "https://openalex.org/W4241727697"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2051969447", "https://openalex.org/W2153373894", "https://openalex.org/W2111937814", "https://openalex.org/W2162923930", "https://openalex.org/W1482324242", "https://openalex.org/W2133116680", "https://openalex.org/W2029514038", "https://openalex.org/W2495707678", "https://openalex.org/W2149492307", "https://openalex.org/W1985408726"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"We": [0], "describe": [1], "MUSCLE,": [2], "a": [3, 28, 67, 122], "new": [4, 29, 68], "computer": [5], "program": [6], "for": [7, 106], "creating": [8], "multiple": [9], "alignments": [10], "of": [11, 15, 47, 60, 83, 102, 109, 114], "protein": [12], "sequences.": [13], "Elements": [14], "the": [16, 34, 73, 100, 103], "algorithm": [17], "include": [18], "fast": [19], "distance": [20], "estimation": [21], "using": [22, 27, 39], "kmer": [23], "counting,": [24], "progressive": [25], "alignment": [26], "profile": [30], "function": [31], "we": [32], "call": [33], "log-expectation": [35], "score,": [36], "and": [37, 45, 54, 66, 96, 98, 131], "refinement": [38], "tree-dependent": [40], "restricted": [41], "partitioning.": [42], "The": [43, 126], "speed": [44], "accuracy": [46, 80, 91], "MUSCLE": [48, 71, 88, 127], "are": [49, 135], "compared": [50], "with": [51], "T-Coffee,": [52], "MAFFT": [53], "CLUSTALW": [55], "on": [56, 81, 121], "four": [57], "test": [58, 133], "sets": [59], "reference": [61], "alignments:": [62], "BAliBASE,": [63], "SABmark,": [64], "SMART": [65], "benchmark,": [69], "PREFAB.": [70], "achieves": [72, 89], "highest,": [74, 77], "or": [75], "joint": [76], "rank": [78], "in": [79, 118], "each": [82], "these": [84], "sets.": [85], "Without": [86], "refinement,": [87], "average": [90, 115], "statistically": [92], "indistinguishable": [93], "from": [94], "T-Coffee": [95], "MAFFT,": [97], "is": [99], "fastest": [101], "tested": [104], "methods": [105], "large": [107], "numbers": [108], "sequences,": [110], "aligning": [111], "5000": [112], "sequences": [113], "length": [116], "350": [117], "7": [119], "min": [120], "current": [123], "desktop": [124], "computer.": [125], "program,": [128], "source": [129], "code": [130], "PREFAB": [132], "data": [134], "freely": [136], "available": [137], "at": [138], "http://www.drive5.": [139], "com/muscle.": [140]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 600}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2702}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3352}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3196}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3616}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4286}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4007}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3388}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3089}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2805}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2614}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2321}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2264}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1880}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1572}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2295598076", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2939672.2939785", "title": "XGBoost", "display_name": "XGBoost", "publication_year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-08-08", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2295598076", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2939672.2939785", "mag": "2295598076"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1145/2939672.2939785", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2939672.2939785", "pdf_url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2939785&type=pdf", "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining", "raw_type": "proceedings-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["arxiv", "crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2939785&type=pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Tianqi Chen", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I201448701", "display_name": "University of Washington", "ror": "https://ror.org/00cvxb145", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Tianqi Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Carlos Guestrin", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I201448701", "display_name": "University of Washington", "ror": "https://ror.org/00cvxb145", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Carlos Guestrin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I201448701"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1204.2978, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 45663, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99999438, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 90, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": "785", "last_page": "794"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12535", "display_name": "Machine Learning and Data Classification", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12535", "display_name": "Machine Learning and Data Classification", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12072", "display_name": "Machine Learning and Algorithms", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11269", "display_name": "Algorithms and Data Compression", "score": 0.9965999722480774, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting", "display_name": "Boosting (machine learning)", "score": 0.8715000152587891}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability", "display_name": "Scalability", "score": 0.5680999755859375}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch", "display_name": "Sketch", "score": 0.5613999962806702}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tree", "display_name": "Tree (set theory)", "score": 0.4788999855518341}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree", "display_name": "Decision tree", "score": 0.46619999408721924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting", "display_name": "Gradient boosting", "score": 0.4235000014305115}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cache", "display_name": "Cache", "score": 0.349700003862381}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C46686674", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303", "display_name": "Boosting (machine learning)", "level": 2, "score": 0.8715000152587891}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.7412999868392944}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C48044578", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490", "display_name": "Scalability", "level": 2, "score": 0.5680999755859375}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.5630000233650208}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779231336", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724", "display_name": "Sketch", "level": 2, "score": 0.5613999962806702}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.5331000089645386}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C113174947", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736", "display_name": "Tree (set theory)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4788999855518341}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C84525736", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366", "display_name": "Decision tree", "level": 2, "score": 0.46619999408721924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.43959999084472656}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70153297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907", "display_name": "Gradient boosting", "level": 3, "score": 0.4235000014305115}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115537543", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596", "display_name": "Cache", "level": 2, "score": 0.349700003862381}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C163797641", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937", "display_name": "Tree structure", "level": 3, "score": 0.3375000059604645}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C10229987", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083028", "display_name": "Incremental decision tree", "level": 4, "score": 0.31139999628067017}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C5481197", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16766476", "display_name": "Decision tree learning", "level": 3, "score": 0.30070000886917114}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C183931066", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1653378", "display_name": "ID3 algorithm", "level": 5, "score": 0.2890999913215637}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C190290938", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387015", "display_name": "Trie", "level": 3, "score": 0.28380000591278076}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C207024777", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621673", "display_name": "Search tree", "level": 3, "score": 0.27880001068115234}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C51632099", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153", "display_name": "Training set", "level": 2, "score": 0.27810001373291016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162319229", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263", "display_name": "Data structure", "level": 2, "score": 0.2662999927997589}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1145/2939672.2939785", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2939672.2939785", "pdf_url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2939785&type=pdf", "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining", "raw_type": "proceedings-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1603.02754", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/1603.02754", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.02754", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1145/2939672.2939785", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2939672.2939785", "pdf_url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2939785&type=pdf", "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining", "raw_type": "proceedings-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G3540087753", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "1258741", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3673805741", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "N000141010672", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337345", "funder_display_name": "Office of Naval Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5663454729", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "N000141010", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337345", "funder_display_name": "Office of Naval Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G859713086", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "PECASE", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337345", "funder_display_name": "Office of Naval Research"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8876996369", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "N00014", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337345", "funder_display_name": "Office of Naval Research"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "display_name": "National Science Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332180", "display_name": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency", "ror": "https://ror.org/02caytj08"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337345", "display_name": "Office of Naval Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2295598076.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2295598076.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 21, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W866281365", "https://openalex.org/W1558918611", "https://openalex.org/W1678356000", "https://openalex.org/W1987356990", "https://openalex.org/W2008183828", "https://openalex.org/W2024046085", "https://openalex.org/W2070493638", "https://openalex.org/W2076618162", "https://openalex.org/W2108214384", "https://openalex.org/W2112452856", "https://openalex.org/W2120391124", "https://openalex.org/W2125816831", "https://openalex.org/W2149591630", "https://openalex.org/W2911964244", "https://openalex.org/W2997591727", "https://openalex.org/W3001645704", "https://openalex.org/W6600465285", "https://openalex.org/W6614148910", "https://openalex.org/W6677385034", "https://openalex.org/W6703949738", "https://openalex.org/W6747597888"], "related_works": [], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Tree": [0], "boosting": [1, 21, 76], "is": [2, 26], "a": [3, 17, 43, 73], "highly": [4], "effective": [5], "and": [6, 50, 69], "widely": [7, 28], "used": [8, 27], "machine": [9, 38], "learning": [10, 39], "method.": [11], "In": [12], "this": [13], "paper,": [14], "we": [15, 60], "describe": [16], "scalable": [18, 74], "end-to-end": [19], "tree": [20, 56, 75], "system": [22], "called": [23], "XGBoost,": [24], "which": [25], "by": [29], "data": [30, 49, 67], "scientists": [31], "to": [32, 71], "achieve": [33], "state-of-the-art": [34], "results": [35], "on": [36, 63], "many": [37], "challenges.": [40], "We": [41], "propose": [42], "novel": [44], "sparsity-aware": [45], "algorithm": [46], "for": [47, 54], "sparse": [48], "weighted": [51], "quantile": [52], "sketch": [53], "approximate": [55], "learning.": [57], "More": [58], "importantly,": [59], "provide": [61], "insights": [62], "cache": [64], "access": [65], "patterns,": [66], "compression": [68], "sharding": [70], "build": [72], "system.": [77], "By": [78], "combining": [79], "these": [80], "insights,": [81], "XGBoost": [82], "scales": [83], "beyond": [84], "billions": [85], "of": [86], "examples": [87], "using": [88], "far": [89], "fewer": [90], "resources": [91], "than": [92], "existing": [93], "systems.": [94]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2538}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 11638}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 8970}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 7066}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5538}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4387}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2810}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1579}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 789}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 298}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 46}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1556808170", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80231-2", "title": "Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook", "display_name": "Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook", "publication_year": 1994, "publication_date": "1994-12-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1556808170", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80231-2", "mag": "1556808170"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80231-2", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80231-2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S32271328", "display_name": "Journal of Environmental Psychology", "issn_l": "0272-4944", "issn": ["0272-4944", "1522-9610"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Environmental Psychology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": {"value": 3900, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3900}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 338.0817, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 45612, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99997475, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "14", "issue": "4", "first_page": "336", "last_page": "337"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12880", "display_name": "Qualitative Research Methods and Applications", "score": 0.24040000140666962, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12880", "display_name": "Qualitative Research Methods and Applications", "score": 0.24040000140666962, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12679", "display_name": "Focus Groups and Qualitative Methods", "score": 0.017899999395012856, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12143", "display_name": "Place Attachment and Urban Studies", "score": 0.01510000042617321, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-analysis", "display_name": "Qualitative analysis", "score": 0.6453984379768372}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research", "display_name": "Qualitative research", "score": 0.5003235340118408}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.479386568069458}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-property", "display_name": "Qualitative property", "score": 0.45693105459213257}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.3395611047744751}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science", "display_name": "Social science", "score": 0.1437138319015503}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.12237507104873657}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.10950276255607605}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C3018587665", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696", "display_name": "Qualitative analysis", "level": 3, "score": 0.6453984379768372}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C190248442", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486", "display_name": "Qualitative research", "level": 2, "score": 0.5003235340118408}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.479386568069458}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C87156501", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708", "display_name": "Qualitative property", "level": 2, "score": 0.45693105459213257}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.3395611047744751}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749", "display_name": "Social science", "level": 1, "score": 0.1437138319015503}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.12237507104873657}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.10950276255607605}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80231-2", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80231-2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S32271328", "display_name": "Journal of Environmental Psychology", "issn_l": "0272-4944", "issn": ["0272-4944", "1522-9610"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Environmental Psychology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4", "display_name": "Quality Education", "score": 0.8600000143051147}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2046541833", "https://openalex.org/W1499806064", "https://openalex.org/W2140472019", "https://openalex.org/W2057857755", "https://openalex.org/W2261353938", "https://openalex.org/W2802927003", "https://openalex.org/W4316090175", "https://openalex.org/W4252638921", "https://openalex.org/W4240869053"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 995}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1643}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2229}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2199}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2575}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2551}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2407}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2250}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2412}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2658}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2808}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2874}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2682}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2318}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1979300931", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_25", "title": "Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations", "display_name": "Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations", "publication_year": 1992, "publication_date": "1992-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1979300931", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_25", "mag": "1979300931"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_25", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_25", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210187552", "display_name": "Springer series in statistics", "issn_l": "0172-7397", "issn": ["0172-7397", "2197-568X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "book series"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Springer Series in Statistics", "raw_type": "book-chapter"}, "type": "book-chapter", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113535594", "display_name": "Edward L. Kaplan", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "E. L. Kaplan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of California Radiation Laboratory, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of California Radiation Laboratory, USA", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103404782", "display_name": "Paul Meier", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I40347166", "display_name": "University of Chicago", "ror": "https://ror.org/024mw5h28", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Paul Meier", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Chicago, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Chicago, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5113535594"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 590.0963, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 45541, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": "319", "last_page": "337"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10136", "display_name": "Statistical Methods and Inference", "score": 0.9721999764442444, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10136", "display_name": "Statistical Methods and Inference", "score": 0.9721999764442444, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10968", "display_name": "Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications", "score": 0.9632999897003174, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10243", "display_name": "Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference", "score": 0.9509000182151794, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.6154485940933228}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/event", "display_name": "Event (particle physics)", "score": 0.5502894520759583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/population", "display_name": "Population", "score": 0.5156596899032593}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/prime", "display_name": "Prime (order theory)", "score": 0.5092157125473022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics", "display_name": "Combinatorics", "score": 0.48976802825927734}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.4210668206214905}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/order", "display_name": "Order (exchange)", "score": 0.4188445508480072}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/demography", "display_name": "Demography", "score": 0.21724653244018555}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.12071403861045837}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.6154485940933228}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779662365", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694", "display_name": "Event (particle physics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5502894520759583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603", "display_name": "Population", "level": 2, "score": 0.5156596899032593}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C184992742", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243229", "display_name": "Prime (order theory)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5092157125473022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C114614502", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592", "display_name": "Combinatorics", "level": 1, "score": 0.48976802825927734}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4210668206214905}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371", "display_name": "Order (exchange)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4188445508480072}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149923435", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732", "display_name": "Demography", "level": 1, "score": 0.21724653244018555}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.12071403861045837}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015", "display_name": "Finance", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_25", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_25", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210187552", "display_name": "Springer series in statistics", "issn_l": "0172-7397", "issn": ["0172-7397", "2197-568X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "book series"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Springer Series in Statistics", "raw_type": "book-chapter"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 27, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1974004614", "https://openalex.org/W1977023253", "https://openalex.org/W2007689973", "https://openalex.org/W2019283718", "https://openalex.org/W2035643961", "https://openalex.org/W2036743874", "https://openalex.org/W2064955097", "https://openalex.org/W2070350132", "https://openalex.org/W2092660489", "https://openalex.org/W2095002555", "https://openalex.org/W2105974284", "https://openalex.org/W2139895288", "https://openalex.org/W2159023411", "https://openalex.org/W2313006249", "https://openalex.org/W2328809339", "https://openalex.org/W2402775090", "https://openalex.org/W2407759279", "https://openalex.org/W2414653645", "https://openalex.org/W2417010106", "https://openalex.org/W2799292091", "https://openalex.org/W4234030616", "https://openalex.org/W4234875817", "https://openalex.org/W4238159040", "https://openalex.org/W4238306122", "https://openalex.org/W4245079100", "https://openalex.org/W4251684254", "https://openalex.org/W6716235120"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2980963558", "https://openalex.org/W1882246857", "https://openalex.org/W3103304230", "https://openalex.org/W2185360082", "https://openalex.org/W1992365905", "https://openalex.org/W4287664878", "https://openalex.org/W3212023493", "https://openalex.org/W4288278856", "https://openalex.org/W2572370460", "https://openalex.org/W1976691234"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 88}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 128}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 111}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 92}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 783}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 850}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 809}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 762}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 936}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1048}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1111}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1238}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1287}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1274}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2896457183", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.cosit.2022.18", "title": "AI-Assisted Pipeline for Dynamic Generation of Trustworthy Health Supplement Content at Scale", "display_name": "AI-Assisted Pipeline for Dynamic Generation of Trustworthy Health Supplement Content at Scale", "publication_year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-10-11", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2896457183", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.cosit.2022.18", "mag": "2896457183"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:10385", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.21", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196569", "display_name": "DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2799853480", "host_organization_name": "Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "InProceedings"}, "type": "preprint", "indexed_in": ["arxiv", "datacite"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.21", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Holter, Ole Magnus", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2994-7401"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "display_name": "Google (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00njsd438", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I188760350", "display_name": "Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway", "ror": "https://ror.org/03bea9k73", "country_code": "IE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}], "countries": ["IE", "US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Holter, Ole Magnus", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway", "Google,,,,,"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Google,,,,,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Ell, Basil", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-3157"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "display_name": "Google (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00njsd438", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I188760350", "display_name": "Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway", "ror": "https://ror.org/03bea9k73", "country_code": "IE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}], "countries": ["IE", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ell, Basil", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway", "Google,,,,,"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Google,,,,,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "https://openalex.org/I188760350"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 2261.7686, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 45473, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10028", "display_name": "Topic Modeling", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10028", "display_name": "Topic Modeling", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10181", "display_name": "Natural Language Processing Techniques", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10201", "display_name": "Speech Recognition and Synthesis", "score": 0.9976999759674072, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer", "display_name": "Transformer", "score": 0.6331506967544556}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.4975297749042511}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/training", "display_name": "Training (meteorology)", "score": 0.49745848774909973}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.3458932638168335}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering", "display_name": "Electrical engineering", "score": 0.2428191602230072}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.2135811746120453}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geography", "display_name": "Geography", "score": 0.14049533009529114}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage", "display_name": "Voltage", "score": 0.05465960502624512}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C66322947", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658", "display_name": "Transformer", "level": 3, "score": 0.6331506967544556}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4975297749042511}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777211547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490", "display_name": "Training (meteorology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.49745848774909973}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.3458932638168335}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119599485", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035", "display_name": "Electrical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.2428191602230072}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.2135811746120453}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.14049533009529114}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C165801399", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428", "display_name": "Voltage", "level": 2, "score": 0.05465960502624512}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153294291", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261", "display_name": "Meteorology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 15, "locations": [{"id": "pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:10385", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.21", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196569", "display_name": "DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2799853480", "host_organization_name": "Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "InProceedings"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:16903", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2022.18", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196569", "display_name": "DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2799853480", "host_organization_name": "Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "InProceedings"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1810.04805", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.04805", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:19696", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.PARMA-DITAM.2024.2", "pdf_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/storage/01oasics/oasics-vol116-parma-ditam2024/OASIcs.PARMA-DITAM.2024.2/OASIcs.PARMA-DITAM.2024.2.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196569", "display_name": "DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2799853480", "host_organization_name": "Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "InProceedings"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3341032", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://zenodo.org/record/3341032", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562", "display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}, {"id": "doi:10.48550/arxiv.1810.04805", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1810.04805", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "doi:10.4230/lipics.cosit.2022.18", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.cosit.2022.18", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407052059", "display_name": "Dagstuhl Research Online Publication Server", "issn_l": null, "issn": [], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": ""}, {"id": "doi:10.4230/oasics.ldk.2021.23", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.4230/oasics.ldk.2021.23", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407052059", "display_name": "Dagstuhl Research Online Publication Server", "issn_l": null, "issn": [], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": ""}, {"id": "doi:10.4230/oasics.parma-ditam.2024.2", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.4230/oasics.parma-ditam.2024.2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407052059", "display_name": "Dagstuhl Research Online Publication Server", "issn_l": null, "issn": [], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": ""}, {"id": "doi:10.5281/zenodo.12561107", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12561107", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562", "display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "doi:10.5281/zenodo.12561108", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12561108", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562", "display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "doi:10.5281/zenodo.15311946", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15311946", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562", "display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article-journal"}, {"id": "doi:10.5281/zenodo.15311948", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15311948", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562", "display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article-journal"}, {"id": "doi:10.5281/zenodo.17345609", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17345609", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562", "display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article-journal"}, {"id": "doi:10.5281/zenodo.17345610", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17345610", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562", "display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article-journal"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:10385", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.21", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196569", "display_name": "DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2799853480", "host_organization_name": "Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "InProceedings"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4", "display_name": "Quality Education", "score": 0.8399999737739563}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G1185802029", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "101016776", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332999", "funder_display_name": "Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332999", "display_name": "Horizon 2020 Framework Programme", "ror": "https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 55, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W131533222", "https://openalex.org/W1486649854", "https://openalex.org/W1599016936", "https://openalex.org/W1840435438", "https://openalex.org/W2025768430", "https://openalex.org/W2108598243", "https://openalex.org/W2117130368", "https://openalex.org/W2121227244", "https://openalex.org/W2130158090", "https://openalex.org/W2130903752", "https://openalex.org/W2131462252", "https://openalex.org/W2131744502", "https://openalex.org/W2144578941", "https://openalex.org/W2149933564", "https://openalex.org/W2153579005", "https://openalex.org/W2158108973", "https://openalex.org/W2158139315", "https://openalex.org/W2170973209", "https://openalex.org/W2250539671", "https://openalex.org/W2251939518", "https://openalex.org/W2270070752", "https://openalex.org/W2396767181", "https://openalex.org/W2413794162", "https://openalex.org/W2462831000", "https://openalex.org/W2507974895", "https://openalex.org/W2525778437", "https://openalex.org/W2551396370", "https://openalex.org/W2610858497", "https://openalex.org/W2784823820", "https://openalex.org/W2806120502", "https://openalex.org/W2880875857", "https://openalex.org/W2886490473", "https://openalex.org/W2888329843", "https://openalex.org/W2891602716", "https://openalex.org/W2897076808", "https://openalex.org/W2949433733", "https://openalex.org/W2951714314", "https://openalex.org/W2962718483", "https://openalex.org/W2962739339", "https://openalex.org/W2962808855", "https://openalex.org/W2963026768", "https://openalex.org/W2963159690", "https://openalex.org/W2963310665", "https://openalex.org/W2963339397", "https://openalex.org/W2963403868", "https://openalex.org/W2963563735", "https://openalex.org/W2963564796", "https://openalex.org/W2963644595", "https://openalex.org/W2963748441", "https://openalex.org/W2963756346", "https://openalex.org/W2963804993", "https://openalex.org/W2963846996", "https://openalex.org/W2963918774", "https://openalex.org/W3098057198", "https://openalex.org/W3104033643"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4391375266", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W230091440", "https://openalex.org/W2390279801", "https://openalex.org/W2233261550", "https://openalex.org/W2358668433", "https://openalex.org/W2810751659", "https://openalex.org/W258997015", "https://openalex.org/W2376932109", "https://openalex.org/W2001405890"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Although": [0], "geospatial": [1], "question": [2], "answering": [3, 31], "systems": [4, 14], "have": [5], "received": [6], "increasing": [7], "attention": [8], "in": [9, 113], "recent": [10], "years,": [11], "existing": [12], "prototype": [13], "struggle": [15], "to": [16, 82], "properly": [17], "answer": [18, 66], "qualitative": [19, 32, 104], "spatial": [20, 33, 105], "questions.": [21, 106], "In": [22], "this": [23], "work,": [24], "we": [25], "propose": [26], "a": [27, 40, 54, 61, 119], "unique": [28], "framework": [29, 85], "for": [30, 86, 98], "questions,": [34], "which": [35, 57, 68], "comprises": [36], "three": [37, 100], "main": [38], "components:": [39], "geoparser": [41], "that": [42], "takes": [43], "the": [44, 70], "input": [45], "questions": [46], "and": [47, 64, 73], "extracts": [48], "place": [49], "semantic": [50], "information": [51], "from": [52], "text,": [53], "reasoning": [55], "system": [56, 115], "is": [58], "embedded": [59], "with": [60], "crisp": [62], "reasoner,": [63], "finally,": [65], "extraction,": [67], "refines": [69], "solution": [71], "space": [72], "generates": [74], "final": [75], "answers.": [76], "We": [77], "present": [78], "an": [79, 95], "experimental": [80], "design": [81], "evaluate": [83], "our": [84, 114], "point-based": [87], "cardinal": [88], "direction": [89], "calculus": [90], "(CDC)": [91], "relations": [92], "by": [93], "developing": [94], "automated": [96], "approach": [97], "generating": [99], "types": [101], "of": [102, 110, 122], "synthetic": [103], "The": [107], "initial": [108], "evaluations": [109], "generated": [111], "answers": [112, 123], "are": [116], "promising": [117], "because": [118], "high": [120], "proportion": [121], "were": [124], "labelled": [125], "correct.": [126]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 192}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4578}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 8088}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 11164}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 8072}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 7238}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4401}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1694}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 35}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2018-10-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2311203695", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054", "title": "MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets", "display_name": "MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets", "publication_year": 2016, "publication_date": "2016-03-22", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2311203695", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054", "mag": "2311203695", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27004904"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/molbev/msw054", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/33/7/1870/7948752/msw054.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/33/7/1870/7948752/msw054.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100680948", "display_name": "Sudhir Kumar", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-8212"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Sudhir Kumar", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University Department of Biology, Temple University Center for Excellence in Genome Medicine and Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University Department of Biology, Temple University Center for Excellence in Genome Medicine and Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5067791761", "display_name": "Glen Stecher", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I84392919", "display_name": "Temple University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00kx1jb78", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Glen Stecher", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007823743", "display_name": "Koichiro Tamura", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-5399"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Koichiro Tamura", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan ktamura@tmu.ac.jp"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan ktamura@tmu.ac.jp", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5100680948"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": {"value": 3255, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3255}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 2622.2943, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 45174, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "33", "issue": "7", "first_page": "1870", "last_page": "1874"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11791", "display_name": "Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology", "score": 0.9925000071525574, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303", "display_name": "Ecology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11879", "display_name": "Protist diversity and phylogeny", "score": 0.9832000136375427, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.9346779584884644}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/human-evolutionary-genetics", "display_name": "Human evolutionary genetics", "score": 0.6440477967262268}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "score": 0.6051470637321472}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.43715065717697144}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-evolution", "display_name": "Molecular evolution", "score": 0.42207375168800354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.41489285230636597}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetics", "display_name": "Phylogenetics", "score": 0.19888067245483398}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.11333483457565308}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.9346779584884644}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C167683757", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937774", "display_name": "Human evolutionary genetics", "level": 4, "score": 0.6440477967262268}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.6051470637321472}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.43715065717697144}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166393388", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856529", "display_name": "Molecular evolution", "level": 4, "score": 0.42207375168800354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.41489285230636597}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C90132467", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184", "display_name": "Phylogenetics", "level": 3, "score": 0.19888067245483398}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.11333483457565308}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005075", "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005075", "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005075", "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014584", "descriptor_name": "User-Computer Interface", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014584", "descriptor_name": "User-Computer Interface", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014584", "descriptor_name": "User-Computer Interface", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017421", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017421", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017421", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019143", "descriptor_name": "Evolution, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019143", "descriptor_name": "Evolution, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019143", "descriptor_name": "Evolution, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D066264", "descriptor_name": "Datasets as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D066264", "descriptor_name": "Datasets as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D066264", "descriptor_name": "Datasets as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/molbev/msw054", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/33/7/1870/7948752/msw054.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:27004904", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27004904", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular biology and evolution", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8210823", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8210823", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Mol Biol Evol", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:molbiolevol:33/7/1870", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/33/7/1870", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4406923041", "display_name": "HighWire Press Open Archive", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "TEXT"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/molbev/msw054", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/33/7/1870/7948752/msw054.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337350", "display_name": "National Eye Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2311203695.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2311203695.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 15, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1519266993", "https://openalex.org/W1992566665", "https://openalex.org/W2034285706", "https://openalex.org/W2097403532", "https://openalex.org/W2097706568", "https://openalex.org/W2103296919", "https://openalex.org/W2107886421", "https://openalex.org/W2117260150", "https://openalex.org/W2121552166", "https://openalex.org/W2124105487", "https://openalex.org/W2144775551", "https://openalex.org/W2152207030", "https://openalex.org/W6674423240", "https://openalex.org/W6674647444", "https://openalex.org/W6681367416"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1976220800", "https://openalex.org/W2040940215", "https://openalex.org/W4391042134", "https://openalex.org/W2081587468", "https://openalex.org/W2416899523", "https://openalex.org/W2130494722", "https://openalex.org/W2014045664", "https://openalex.org/W2065504586", "https://openalex.org/W1966701300", "https://openalex.org/W2165886284"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"We": [0], "present": [1], "the": [2, 6], "latest": [3], "version": [4, 57], "of": [5, 49, 51, 147], "Molecular": [7], "Evolutionary": [8], "Genetics": [9], "Analysis": [10], "(Mega)": [11], "software,": [12], "which": [13], "contains": [14], "many": [15], "sophisticated": [16], "methods": [17], "and": [18, 22, 46, 66, 91, 126, 137], "tools": [19], "for": [20, 32, 38, 63, 123, 133], "phylogenomics": [21], "phylomedicine.": [23], "In": [24], "this": [25], "major": [26], "upgrade,": [27], "Mega": [28, 54, 83, 117], "has": [29], "been": [30], "optimized": [31], "use": [33, 134], "on": [34, 110], "64-bit": [35, 82], "computing": [36], "systems": [37], "analyzing": [39], "larger": [40], "datasets.": [41], "Researchers": [42], "can": [43, 106], "now": [44], "explore": [45], "analyze": [47], "tens": [48], "thousands": [50], "sequences": [52], "in": [53, 77, 87, 135], "The": [55, 81, 94, 114], "new": [56, 69], "also": [58, 107], "provides": [59], "an": [60], "advanced": [61], "wizard": [62], "building": [64], "timetrees": [65], "includes": [67], "a": [68, 100], "functionality": [70], "to": [71], "automatically": [72], "predict": [73], "gene": [74, 78], "duplication": [75], "events": [76], "family": [79], "trees.": [80], "is": [84, 99, 118], "made": [85], "available": [86, 119, 143], "two": [88], "interfaces:": [89], "graphical": [90, 95], "command": [92, 115], "line.": [93], "user": [96], "interface": [97], "(GUI)": [98], "native": [101, 121], "Microsoft": [102], "Windows": [103], "application": [104], "that": [105], "be": [108], "used": [109], "Mac": [111, 127], "OS": [112, 128], "X.": [113, 129], "line": [116], "as": [120], "applications": [122], "Windows,": [124], "Linux,": [125], "They": [130], "are": [131, 142], "intended": [132], "high-throughput": [136], "scripted": [138], "analysis.": [139], "Both": [140], "versions": [141], "from": [144], "www.megasoftware.net": [145], "free": [146], "charge.": [148]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 523}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2602}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3812}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4083}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5346}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6661}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 7073}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 6766}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 5049}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2705}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 494}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 4}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1849190772", "doi": null, "title": "Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach", "display_name": "Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach", "publication_year": 2013, "publication_date": "2013-05-06", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1849190772", "mag": "1849190772"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025778167", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=025778167&amp;sequence=000003&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB1323391X", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5075890029", "display_name": "Andrew F. Hayes", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8329-1696"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I52357470", "display_name": "The Ohio State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00rs6vg23", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Andrew F. Hayes", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, US"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, US", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5075890029"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I52357470"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 528.5316, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 45131, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13748", "display_name": "Advanced Statistical Modeling Techniques", "score": 0.3790999948978424, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13748", "display_name": "Advanced Statistical Modeling Techniques", "score": 0.3790999948978424, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-inference", "display_name": "Statistical inference", "score": 0.6023044586181641}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics", "display_name": "Econometrics", "score": 0.5627254247665405}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling", "display_name": "Structural equation modeling", "score": 0.5512321591377258}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/simple-linear-regression", "display_name": "Simple linear regression", "score": 0.5373289585113525}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation", "display_name": "Mediation", "score": 0.5314105153083801}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis", "display_name": "Regression analysis", "score": 0.5280814170837402}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference", "display_name": "Causal inference", "score": 0.515735924243927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/moderation", "display_name": "Moderation", "score": 0.5108861327171326}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-regression", "display_name": "Linear regression", "score": 0.49064531922340393}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.44193264842033386}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model", "display_name": "Statistical model", "score": 0.43275177478790283}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/inference", "display_name": "Inference", "score": 0.42989373207092285}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.377398818731308}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.3387351632118225}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.19457080960273743}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C134261354", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438", "display_name": "Statistical inference", "level": 2, "score": 0.6023044586181641}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039", "display_name": "Econometrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.5627254247665405}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71104824", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639", "display_name": "Structural equation modeling", "level": 2, "score": 0.5512321591377258}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149769383", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520804", "display_name": "Simple linear regression", "level": 3, "score": 0.5373289585113525}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C179420905", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871", "display_name": "Mediation", "level": 2, "score": 0.5314105153083801}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C152877465", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042", "display_name": "Regression analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.5280814170837402}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C158600405", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566", "display_name": "Causal inference", "level": 2, "score": 0.515735924243927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C93225998", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972", "display_name": "Moderation", "level": 2, "score": 0.5108861327171326}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C48921125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030", "display_name": "Linear regression", "level": 2, "score": 0.49064531922340393}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.44193264842033386}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C114289077", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399", "display_name": "Statistical model", "level": 2, "score": 0.43275177478790283}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776214188", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386", "display_name": "Inference", "level": 2, "score": 0.42989373207092285}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.377398818731308}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3387351632118225}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.19457080960273743}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 7, "locations": [{"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025778167", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=025778167&amp;sequence=000003&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027839215", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;scope=site&amp;db=nlebk&amp;db=nlabk&amp;AN=572976", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "software, multimedia"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029850846", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:443/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029850846&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Einf\u00fchrung"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030102954", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=030102954&amp;sequence=000001&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "software, multimedia"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032827618", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032827618&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033276085", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "mag:1849190772", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB1323391X", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210197683", "display_name": "Medical Entomology and Zoology", "issn_l": "0424-7086", "issn": ["0424-7086", "2185-5609"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319750", "host_organization_name": "Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319750"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "mag:1849190772", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB1323391X", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210197683", "display_name": "Medical Entomology and Zoology", "issn_l": "0424-7086", "issn": ["0424-7086", "2185-5609"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319750", "host_organization_name": "Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319750"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2797247465", "https://openalex.org/W2159011576", "https://openalex.org/W2148905283", "https://openalex.org/W2141708418", "https://openalex.org/W2131568786", "https://openalex.org/W2115217290", "https://openalex.org/W2107031757", "https://openalex.org/W2106096361", "https://openalex.org/W2104057213", "https://openalex.org/W2087484885", "https://openalex.org/W2074932610", "https://openalex.org/W2072500831", "https://openalex.org/W2071666535", "https://openalex.org/W2038702827", "https://openalex.org/W1995031937", "https://openalex.org/W1987258130", "https://openalex.org/W1976441470", "https://openalex.org/W1971440513", "https://openalex.org/W1665332082", "https://openalex.org/W1484864026"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"I.": [0], "FUNDAMENTAL": [1], "CONCEPTS": [2], "1.": [3], "Introduction": [4], "1.1.": [5], "A": [6, 438], "Scientist": [7], "in": [8, 85, 198, 247, 305, 324, 361, 386, 412, 433, 492], "Training": [9], "1.2.": [10], "Questions": [11], "of": [12, 33, 111, 118, 127, 234, 297, 320, 357, 394, 406, 464, 470], "Whether,": [13], "If,": [14], "How,": [15], "and": [16, 25, 45, 60, 79, 90, 115, 178, 205, 209, 239, 290, 310, 318, 331, 367, 409, 421, 450, 460, 494], "When": [17], "1.3.": [18], "Conditional": [19, 238, 352, 358, 365, 383, 395, 414, 434, 457, 476], "Process": [20, 353, 359, 384, 396, 415, 435, 477], "Analysis": [21, 200, 228, 236, 263, 289, 296, 307, 327, 333, 343, 354, 385, 397, 436, 443, 472], "1.4.": [22], "Correlation,": [23], "Causality,": [24], "Statistical": [26, 29, 54, 61, 80, 83, 89, 132, 168, 380], "Modeling": [27, 188, 478], "1.5.": [28], "Software": [30], "1.6.": [31], "Overview": [32], "this": [34], "Book": [35], "1.7.": [36], "Chapter": [37, 64, 94, 147, 190, 230, 258, 300, 345, 389, 428, 480], "Summary": [38, 65, 95, 148, 191, 231, 259, 301, 346, 390, 429, 481], "2.": [39], "Simple": [40, 49, 101, 106], "Linear": [41, 50, 68, 73], "Regression": [42, 51, 69, 74, 87, 184, 288, 322], "2.1.": [43], "Correlation": [44], "Prediction": [46], "2.2.": [47], "The": [48, 71, 100, 105, 125, 154, 171, 284, 316, 468], "Equation": [52, 75, 187], "2.3.": [53], "Inference": [55, 62, 84, 133, 169, 381], "2.4.": [56], "Assumptions": [57], "for": [58, 440], "Interpretation": [59, 319], "2.5.": [63], "3.": [66], "Multiple": [67, 72, 86, 150, 156, 173, 216], "3.1.": [70], "3.2.": [76], "Partial": [77], "Association": [78], "Control": [81], "3.3.": [82], "3.4.": [88], "Conceptual": [91], "Diagrams": [92], "3.5.": [93], "II.": [96], "MEDIATION": [97], "ANALYSIS": [98, 194, 350], "4.": [99], "Mediation": [102, 107, 199, 227, 466], "Model": [103, 108, 158, 175, 416], "4.1.": [104], "4.2.": [109], "Estimation": [110, 317], "the": [112, 162, 248, 362, 400, 407, 419], "Direct,": [113], "Indirect,": [114], "Total": [116], "Effects": [117, 241, 369, 411, 423, 459], "X": [119], "4.3.": [120], "Example": [121, 136, 160], "with": [122, 137], "Dichotomous": [123, 269], "X:": [124, 139], "Influence": [126, 130, 165], "Presumed": [128, 163], "Media": [129, 164], "4.4.": [131], "4.5.": [134], "An": [135, 243], "Continuous": [138], "Economic": [140], "Stress": [141], "among": [142, 180], "Small": [143], "Business": [144], "Owners": [145], "4.6.": [146], "5.": [149], "Mediator": [151, 157, 174], "Models": [152, 360], "5.1.": [153], "Parallel": [155], "5.2.": [159], "Using": [161, 484], "Study": [166, 403], "5.3.": [167], "5.4.": [170], "Serial": [172], "5.5.": [176], "Complementarity": [177], "Competition": [179], "Mediators": [181], "5.6.": [182], "OLS": [183], "versus": [185, 279], "Structural": [186], "5.7.": [189], "III.": [192], "MODERATION": [193], "6.": [195], "Miscellaneous": [196, 303, 431], "Topics": [197, 304, 432], "6.1.": [201], "What": [202], "About": [203], "Baron": [204], "Kenny?": [206], "6.2.": [207], "Confounding": [208], "Causal": [210], "Order": [211], "6.3.": [212], "Effect": [213], "Size": [214], "6.4.": [215], "Xs": [217], "or": [218, 222], "Ys:": [219], "Analyze": [220], "Separately": [221], "Simultaneously?": [223], "6.5.": [224], "Reporting": [225, 340], "a": [226, 268, 291, 325, 341, 413, 446, 461], "6.6.": [229], "7.": [232], "Fundamentals": [233], "Moderation": [235, 252, 262, 266, 306, 326, 342, 405, 426], "7.1.": [237], "Unconditional": [240], "7.2.": [242], "Example:": [244, 371], "Sex": [245], "Discrimination": [246, 402], "Workplace": [249], "7.3.": [250], "Visualizing": [251, 418], "7.4.": [253], "Probing": [254], "an": [255], "Interaction": [256, 272], "7.5.": [257], "8.": [260], "Extending": [261], "Principles": [264], "8.1.": [265], "Involving": [267], "Moderator": [270, 338], "8.2.": [271], "between": [273, 286], "Two": [274], "Quantitative": [275], "Variables": [276], "8.3.": [277], "Hierarchical": [278], "Simultaneous": [280], "Variable": [281, 447], "Entry": [282], "8.4.": [283], "Equivalence": [285], "Moderated": [287, 465], "2": [292, 294], "x": [293], "Factorial": [295], "Variance": [298], "8.5.": [299], "9.": [302], "9.1.": [308], "Truths": [309], "Myths": [311], "about": [312, 475], "Mean": [313], "Centering": [314], "9.2.": [315], "Standardized": [321], "Coefficients": [323], "9.3.": [328], "Artificial": [329], "Categorization": [330], "Subgroups": [332, 471], "9.4.": [334], "More": [335], "Than": [336], "One": [337], "9.5.": [339], "9.6.": [344], "IV.": [347], "CONDITIONAL": [348], "PROCESS": [349, 387, 485], "10.": [351], "10.1.": [355], "Examples": [356, 393], "Literature": [363], "10.2.": [364], "Direct": [366, 408, 420], "Indirect": [368, 410, 422, 458], "10.3.": [370], "Hiding": [372], "Your": [373, 376, 442], "Feelings": [374], "from": [375], "Work": [377], "Team": [378], "10.4.": [379], "10.5.": [382], "10.6.": [388], "11.": [391], "Further": [392], "11.1.": [398], "Revisiting": [399], "Sexual": [401], "11.2.": [404], "11.3.": [417], "11.4.": [424], "Mediated": [425], "11.5.": [427], "12.": [430], "12.1.": [437], "Strategy": [439], "Approaching": [441], "12.2.": [444], "Can": [445], "Simultaneously": [448], "Mediate": [449], "Moderate": [451], "Another": [452], "Variable's": [453], "Effect?": [454], "12.3.": [455], "Comparing": [456], "Formal": [462], "Test": [463], "12.4.": [467], "Pitfalls": [469], "12.5.": [473], "Writing": [474], "12.6.": [479], "Appendix": [482, 486], "A.": [483], "B.": [487], "Monte": [488], "Carlo": [489], "Confidence": [490], "Intervals": [491], "SPSS": [493], "SAS": [495]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4124}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5062}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5200}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5071}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5566}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4793}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4046}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3408}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3048}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2253}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1491}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 805}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 208}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 13}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2991792334", "doi": null, "title": "Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.", "display_name": "Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.", "publication_year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2991792334", "mag": "2991792334", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21603045"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "pmid:21603045", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21603045", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Open medicine : a peer-reviewed, independent, open-access journal", "raw_type": null}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3090117", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068353058", "display_name": "David Moher", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-4206"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4388482656", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05jtef216", "country_code": null, "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931", "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c62dg59", "country_code": "CA", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I153718931", "display_name": "University of Ottawa", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c4mmv16", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "David Moher", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113499690", "display_name": "Alessandro Liberati", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19630809", "display_name": "Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/05aspc753", "country_code": "IT", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19630809", "https://openalex.org/I4210110338", "https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}], "countries": ["IT"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alessandro Liberati", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19630809"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076572041", "display_name": "Jennifer Tetzlaff", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0787-5363"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c62dg59", "country_code": "CA", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4388482656", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05jtef216", "country_code": null, "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931", "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jennifer Tetzlaff", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042962646", "display_name": "Douglas G. Altman", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-4083"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I40120149", "display_name": "University of Oxford", "ror": "https://ror.org/052gg0110", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Douglas G Altman", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 3, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5068353058"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931", "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 554.7545, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 45126, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99990216, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "3", "issue": "3", "first_page": "e123", "last_page": "30"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11744", "display_name": "Health Sciences Research and Education", "score": 0.9302999973297119, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3600", "display_name": "General Health Professions"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/36", "display_name": "Health Professions"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review", "display_name": "Systematic review", "score": 0.8331751823425293}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/clarity", "display_name": "CLARITY", "score": 0.6008991599082947}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis", "display_name": "Meta-analysis", "score": 0.5538922548294067}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.52414470911026}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/strengths-and-weaknesses", "display_name": "Strengths and weaknesses", "score": 0.47751158475875854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medline", "display_name": "MEDLINE", "score": 0.47586530447006226}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care", "display_name": "Health care", "score": 0.4713190197944641}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-medicine", "display_name": "Alternative medicine", "score": 0.43397656083106995}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/consolidated-standards-of-reporting-trials", "display_name": "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials", "score": 0.4140029549598694}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/family-medicine", "display_name": "Family medicine", "score": 0.3952043950557709}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education", "display_name": "Medical education", "score": 0.3472013473510742}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.28333580493927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology", "display_name": "Pathology", "score": 0.11662286520004272}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.11175316572189331}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C189708586", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425", "display_name": "Systematic review", "level": 3, "score": 0.8331751823425293}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777146004", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826", "display_name": "CLARITY", "level": 2, "score": 0.6008991599082947}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95190672", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382", "display_name": "Meta-analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.5538922548294067}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.52414470911026}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C63882131", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954", "display_name": "Strengths and weaknesses", "level": 2, "score": 0.47751158475875854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899", "display_name": "MEDLINE", "level": 2, "score": 0.47586530447006226}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C160735492", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207", "display_name": "Health care", "level": 2, "score": 0.4713190197944641}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504", "display_name": "Alternative medicine", "level": 2, "score": 0.43397656083106995}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49290038", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994654", "display_name": "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials", "level": 3, "score": 0.4140029549598694}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C512399662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712", "display_name": "Family medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.3952043950557709}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945", "display_name": "Medical education", "level": 1, "score": 0.3472013473510742}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.28333580493927}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.11662286520004272}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.11175316572189331}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "pmid:21603045", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21603045", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Open medicine : a peer-reviewed, independent, open-access journal", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3090117", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3090117", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Open Med", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3090117", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3090117", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Open Med", "raw_type": "Text"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 36, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W160580327", "https://openalex.org/W1690786713", "https://openalex.org/W1774591799", "https://openalex.org/W1853602163", "https://openalex.org/W1971186240", "https://openalex.org/W1980300818", "https://openalex.org/W1983540313", "https://openalex.org/W2000442546", "https://openalex.org/W2015421910", "https://openalex.org/W2029163232", "https://openalex.org/W2043759984", "https://openalex.org/W2058084426", "https://openalex.org/W2065267852", "https://openalex.org/W2066896354", "https://openalex.org/W2067550511", "https://openalex.org/W2068694980", "https://openalex.org/W2068769841", "https://openalex.org/W2093211493", "https://openalex.org/W2093579014", "https://openalex.org/W2098631889", "https://openalex.org/W2100729569", "https://openalex.org/W2102487800", "https://openalex.org/W2112505828", "https://openalex.org/W2116810060", "https://openalex.org/W2132161915", "https://openalex.org/W2133774931", "https://openalex.org/W2135010675", "https://openalex.org/W2144086043", "https://openalex.org/W2147581820", "https://openalex.org/W2158379591", "https://openalex.org/W2159096825", "https://openalex.org/W2163839878", "https://openalex.org/W2165010366", "https://openalex.org/W2986772077", "https://openalex.org/W3022903699", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W3085231814", "https://openalex.org/W4253262403", "https://openalex.org/W2760989858", "https://openalex.org/W3109240962", "https://openalex.org/W2384888906", "https://openalex.org/W2144190808", "https://openalex.org/W2101955803", "https://openalex.org/W2376314740"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Systematic": [0, 243], "reviews": [1, 93, 244, 263], "and": [2, 22, 51, 79, 102, 130, 132, 153, 175, 245, 255], "meta-analyses": [3, 162, 222], "have": [4, 248], "become": [5], "increasingly": [6], "important": [7], "in": [8, 58, 123, 128, 166, 258, 268], "health": [9, 53], "care.": [10], "Clinicians": [11], "read": [12], "them": [13], "to": [14, 17, 43, 98, 194, 251, 273], "keep": [15], "up": [16], "date": [18], "with": [19, 62, 85], "their": [20], "field,1,2": [21], "they": [23], "are": [24, 56], "often": [25], "used": [26], "as": [27, 143], "a": [28, 40, 68, 144, 205, 232], "starting": [29], "point": [30], "for": [31, 48, 242], "developing": [32], "clinical": [33], "practice": [34], "guidelines.": [35], "Granting": [36], "agencies": [37], "may": [38], "require": [39], "systematic": [41, 69, 92, 262], "review": [42, 70, 113, 120], "ensure": [44], "there": [45], "is": [46], "justification": [47], "further": [49], "research,3": [50], "some": [52], "care": [54], "journals": [55, 127], "moving": [57], "this": [59, 188, 228], "direction.4": [60], "As": [61, 84], "all": [63, 137], "research,": [64], "the": [65, 80, 88, 100, 110, 156, 196, 208, 219, 259, 269], "value": [66], "of": [67, 82, 91, 104, 112, 147, 158, 160, 187, 199, 221, 223, 234, 261], "depends": [71], "on": [72, 163, 218], "what": [73, 76], "was": [74, 77, 170], "done,": [75], "found,": [78], "clarity": [81], "reporting.": [83], "other": [86], "publications,": [87], "reporting": [89, 159, 198, 220], "quality": [90, 111, 145], "varies,": [94], "limiting": [95], "readers'": [96], "ability": [97], "assess": [99], "strengths": [101], "weaknesses": [103], "those": [105], "reviews.\r\n\r\nSeveral": [106], "early": [107], "studies": [108], "evaluated": [109, 155], "reports.": [114], "In": [115, 150, 227], "1987,": [116, 151], "Mulrow": [117], "examined": [118], "50": [119], "articles": [121], "published": [122], "4": [124], "leading": [125], "medical": [126], "1985": [129], "1986": [131], "found": [133, 190], "that": [134], "none": [135], "met": [136], "8": [138], "explicit": [139], "scientific": [140], "criteria,": [141], "such": [142], "assessment": [146], "included": [148], "studies.5": [149], "Sacks": [152], "colleagues6": [154], "adequacy": [157], "83": [161], "23": [164], "characteristics": [165, 177], "6": [167], "domains.": [168], "Reporting": [169, 213, 240], "generally": [171], "poor;": [172], "between": [173], "1": [174], "14": [176], "were": [178], "adequately": [179], "reported": [180], "(mean\u200a=\u200a7.7;": [181], "standard": [182], "deviation\u200a=\u200a2.7).": [183], "A": [184], "1996": [185], "update": [186], "study": [189], "little": [191], "improvement.7\r\n\r\nIn": [192], "1996,": [193], "address": [195, 252], "suboptimal": [197], "meta-analyses,": [200], "an": [201], "international": [202], "group": [203], "developed": [204], "guidance": [206], "called": [207], "QUOROM": [209, 272], "Statement": [210], "(QUality": [211], "Of": [212, 214], "Meta-analyses),": [215], "which": [216, 247], "focused": [217], "randomized": [224], "controlled": [225], "trials.8": [226], "article,": [229], "we": [230], "summarize": [231], "revision": [233], "these": [235], "guidelines,": [236], "renamed": [237], "PRISMA": [238, 274], "(Preferred": [239], "Items": [241], "Meta-Analyses),": [246], "been": [249], "updated": [250], "several": [253], "conceptual": [254], "practical": [256], "advances": [257], "science": [260], "(Box": [264], "1).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nBox": [265], "1\r\n\r\nConceptual": [266], "issues": [267], "evolution": [270], "from": [271]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 291}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 476}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 579}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 697}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 7834}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 7947}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 5855}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 4544}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 4127}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3730}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3088}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2422}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1633}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1013}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2011039300", "doi": null, "title": "Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness", "display_name": "Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness", "publication_year": 1979, "publication_date": "1979-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2011039300", "mag": "2011039300"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-005346051", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5047995033", "display_name": "M. R. Garey", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "M. R. Garey", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110866131", "display_name": "David S. Johnson", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David S. Johnson", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5047995033"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 132.129, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 44591, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10260", "display_name": "Software Engineering Research", "score": 0.9593999981880188, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1710", "display_name": "Information Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10260", "display_name": "Software Engineering Research", "score": 0.9593999981880188, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1710", "display_name": "Information Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10430", "display_name": "Software Engineering Techniques and Practices", "score": 0.9332000017166138, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1710", "display_name": "Information Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/completeness", "display_name": "Completeness (order theory)", "score": 0.7654945850372314}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5464722514152527}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus", "display_name": "Calculus (dental)", "score": 0.4151632785797119}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "score": 0.35065826773643494}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language", "display_name": "Programming language", "score": 0.32562530040740967}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.3088504374027252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.1091870665550232}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C17231256", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540", "display_name": "Completeness (order theory)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7654945850372314}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5464722514152527}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777686260", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037", "display_name": "Calculus (dental)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4151632785797119}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C80444323", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "level": 1, "score": 0.35065826773643494}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.32562530040740967}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.3088504374027252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.1091870665550232}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199343813", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128", "display_name": "Dentistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754", "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-005346051", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:210237", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://cds.cern.ch/record/210237", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402195", "display_name": "CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": ""}, {"id": "mag:2011039300", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://www.gbv.de/dms/hebis-darmstadt/toc/125242654.pdf", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10", "display_name": "Reduced inequalities", "score": 0.550000011920929}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3145128584", "https://openalex.org/W3023540311", "https://openalex.org/W2913688336", "https://openalex.org/W2611804663", "https://openalex.org/W2401610261", "https://openalex.org/W2339500526", "https://openalex.org/W2169528473", "https://openalex.org/W2143474538", "https://openalex.org/W2122967269", "https://openalex.org/W2053913299", "https://openalex.org/W2040924621", "https://openalex.org/W2036265926", "https://openalex.org/W2024060531", "https://openalex.org/W2002252750", "https://openalex.org/W1977545325", "https://openalex.org/W1968143987", "https://openalex.org/W1655990431", "https://openalex.org/W1525605957", "https://openalex.org/W1497256448", "https://openalex.org/W1488422606"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 310}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 523}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 715}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 769}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1123}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1166}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1211}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1336}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1304}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1540}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1724}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1891}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2006}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1974}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2024060531", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.220.4598.671", "title": "Optimization by Simulated Annealing", "display_name": "Optimization by Simulated Annealing", "publication_year": 1983, "publication_date": "1983-05-13", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2024060531", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.220.4598.671", "mag": "2024060531", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17813860"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1126/science.220.4598.671", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.220.4598.671", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S3880285", "display_name": "Science", "issn_l": "0036-8075", "issn": ["0036-8075", "1095-9203"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315823", "host_organization_name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Association for the Advancement of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5013336788", "display_name": "Scott Kirkpatrick", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5273-395X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "display_name": "IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/0265w5591", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "S. Kirkpatrick", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Research staff members at IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Research staff members at IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5043473326", "display_name": "C. D. Gelatt", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210114115", "display_name": "IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center", "ror": "https://ror.org/0265w5591", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "C. D. Gelatt", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Research staff members at IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Research staff members at IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5082059084", "display_name": "M.P. Vecchi", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I191242182", "display_name": "Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ntheh91", "country_code": "VE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I191242182"]}], "countries": ["VE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "M. P. Vecchi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I191242182"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5013336788"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 59.1057, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 44279, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "220", "issue": "4598", "first_page": "671", "last_page": "680"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10591", "display_name": "Theoretical and Computational Physics", "score": 0.9836999773979187, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3104", "display_name": "Condensed Matter Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10591", "display_name": "Theoretical and Computational Physics", "score": 0.9836999773979187, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3104", "display_name": "Condensed Matter Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10848", "display_name": "Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms", "score": 0.9671000242233276, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1703", "display_name": "Computational Theory and Mathematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11522", "display_name": "VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques", "score": 0.9634000062942505, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-mechanics", "display_name": "Statistical mechanics", "score": 0.7192909717559814}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing", "display_name": "Simulated annealing", "score": 0.6522390246391296}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/connection", "display_name": "Connection (principal bundle)", "score": 0.6283194422721863}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/analogy", "display_name": "Analogy", "score": 0.6268075108528137}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5912333130836487}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem", "display_name": "Optimization problem", "score": 0.48928090929985046}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization", "display_name": "Mathematical optimization", "score": 0.48451322317123413}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/extremal-optimization", "display_name": "Extremal optimization", "score": 0.4596554636955261}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics", "display_name": "Multivariate statistics", "score": 0.4364906847476959}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "score": 0.43484681844711304}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-system", "display_name": "Complex system", "score": 0.4236801862716675}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/degrees-of-freedom", "display_name": "Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)", "score": 0.41766297817230225}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "score": 0.34829914569854736}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.27374008297920227}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.2667473554611206}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.2360789179801941}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.1900889277458191}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-swarm-optimization", "display_name": "Multi-swarm optimization", "score": 0.17555919289588928}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.12331467866897583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "score": 0.12271475791931152}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C99874945", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188715", "display_name": "Statistical mechanics", "level": 2, "score": 0.7192909717559814}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126980161", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783", "display_name": "Simulated annealing", "level": 2, "score": 0.6522390246391296}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C13355873", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850", "display_name": "Connection (principal bundle)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6283194422721863}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C521332185", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816", "display_name": "Analogy", "level": 2, "score": 0.6268075108528137}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5912333130836487}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C137836250", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063", "display_name": "Optimization problem", "level": 2, "score": 0.48928090929985046}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126255220", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495", "display_name": "Mathematical optimization", "level": 1, "score": 0.48451322317123413}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188919014", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422296", "display_name": "Extremal optimization", "level": 4, "score": 0.4596554636955261}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C161584116", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580", "display_name": "Multivariate statistics", "level": 2, "score": 0.4364906847476959}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121864883", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.43484681844711304}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C47822265", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457", "display_name": "Complex system", "level": 2, "score": 0.4236801862716675}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C208081375", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502", "display_name": "Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)", "level": 2, "score": 0.41766297817230225}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C80444323", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "level": 1, "score": 0.34829914569854736}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.27374008297920227}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.2667473554611206}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.2360789179801941}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.1900889277458191}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C122357587", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508", "display_name": "Multi-swarm optimization", "level": 3, "score": 0.17555919289588928}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.12331467866897583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C97355855", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "level": 1, "score": 0.12271475791931152}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162", "display_name": "Linguistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1126/science.220.4598.671", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.220.4598.671", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S3880285", "display_name": "Science", "issn_l": "0036-8075", "issn": ["0036-8075", "1095-9203"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315823", "host_organization_name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Association for the Advancement of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:17813860", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17813860", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Science (New York, N.Y.)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.123.7607", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.123.7607", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.cs.virginia.edu/cs432/documents/sa-1983.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.18.4175", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.18.4175", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.isi.uu.nl/Meetings/../TGV/kirkpatrick83.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16", "display_name": "Peace, Justice and strong institutions", "score": 0.7799999713897705}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 20, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W184931548", "https://openalex.org/W1653346942", "https://openalex.org/W1655990431", "https://openalex.org/W2006648350", "https://openalex.org/W2011039300", "https://openalex.org/W2014068360", "https://openalex.org/W2014952973", "https://openalex.org/W2022179164", "https://openalex.org/W2022494241", "https://openalex.org/W2022820481", "https://openalex.org/W2042986967", "https://openalex.org/W2056760934", "https://openalex.org/W2065813951", "https://openalex.org/W2103507771", "https://openalex.org/W2114552889", "https://openalex.org/W2140203473", "https://openalex.org/W2143037347", "https://openalex.org/W2148673189", "https://openalex.org/W2295732415", "https://openalex.org/W2956015669"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2392206215", "https://openalex.org/W2365201483", "https://openalex.org/W2355561779", "https://openalex.org/W2352407775", "https://openalex.org/W2186567693", "https://openalex.org/W108701362", "https://openalex.org/W2469799552", "https://openalex.org/W2768582344", "https://openalex.org/W2921069127", "https://openalex.org/W2029876004"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"There": [0], "is": [1], "a": [2, 23, 35, 50], "deep": [3], "and": [4, 26, 60, 71, 80], "useful": [5], "connection": [6, 64], "between": [7], "statistical": [8, 66], "mechanics": [9, 67], "(the": [10], "behavior": [11], "of": [12, 17, 34, 54, 57], "systems": [13], "with": [14, 45], "many": [15, 40], "degrees": [16], "freedom": [18], "in": [19, 47], "thermal": [20], "equilibrium": [21], "at": [22], "finite": [24], "temperature)": [25], "multivariate": [27], "or": [28], "combinatorial": [29], "optimization": [30, 53, 78], "(finding": [31], "the": [32, 55], "minimum": [33], "given": [36], "function": [37], "depending": [38], "on": [39, 76], "parameters).": [41], "A": [42], "detailed": [43], "analogy": [44], "annealing": [46], "solids": [48], "provides": [49, 72], "framework": [51], "for": [52], "properties": [56], "very": [58], "large": [59], "complex": [61], "systems.": [62], "This": [63], "to": [65], "exposes": [68], "new": [69], "information": [70], "an": [73], "unfamiliar": [74], "perspective": [75], "traditional": [77], "problems": [79], "methods.": [81]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 332}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1608}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1562}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1637}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1764}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1805}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1899}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1643}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1632}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1526}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1558}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1515}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1703}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1680}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1762}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3124536214", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108", "title": "Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage", "display_name": "Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage", "publication_year": 1991, "publication_date": "1991-03-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3124536214", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108", "mag": "3124536214"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1177/014920639101700108", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S122767448", "display_name": "Journal of Management", "issn_l": "0149-2063", "issn": ["0149-2063", "1557-1211"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320017", "host_organization_name": "SAGE Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["SAGE Publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Management", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055251050", "display_name": "Jay B. Barney", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-6702"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I91045830", "display_name": "Texas A&M University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01f5ytq51", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801613365", "display_name": "Mitchell Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/03ds72003", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801613365"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jay Barney", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Texas A&M University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Texas A&M University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801613365", "https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5055251050"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801613365", "https://openalex.org/I91045830"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 99.2061, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 44214, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99975448, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "17", "issue": "1", "first_page": "99", "last_page": "120"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10003", "display_name": "Innovation and Knowledge Management", "score": 0.9911999702453613, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1408", "display_name": "Strategy and Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/14", "display_name": "Business, Management and Accounting"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10003", "display_name": "Innovation and Knowledge Management", "score": 0.9911999702453613, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1408", "display_name": "Strategy and Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/14", "display_name": "Business, Management and Accounting"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10415", "display_name": "International Business and FDI", "score": 0.982200026512146, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1408", "display_name": "Strategy and Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/14", "display_name": "Business, Management and Accounting"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11849", "display_name": "Intellectual Capital and Performance Analysis", "score": 0.9704999923706055, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1408", "display_name": "Strategy and Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/14", "display_name": "Business, Management and Accounting"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-advantage", "display_name": "Competitive advantage", "score": 0.8976970911026001}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization", "display_name": "Industrial organization", "score": 0.6900830268859863}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/resource", "display_name": "Resource (disambiguation)", "score": 0.5596555471420288}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/business", "display_name": "Business", "score": 0.5353427529335022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-management", "display_name": "Strategic management", "score": 0.5100696682929993}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-based-view", "display_name": "Resource-based view", "score": 0.5067062973976135}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/value", "display_name": "Value (mathematics)", "score": 0.46576786041259766}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/economics", "display_name": "Economics", "score": 0.3621164858341217}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing", "display_name": "Marketing", "score": 0.22558832168579102}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.17025282979011536}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C58546491", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207", "display_name": "Competitive advantage", "level": 2, "score": 0.8976970911026001}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783", "display_name": "Industrial organization", "level": 1, "score": 0.6900830268859863}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C206345919", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951", "display_name": "Resource (disambiguation)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5596555471420288}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453", "display_name": "Business", "level": 0, "score": 0.5353427529335022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86275758", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376657", "display_name": "Strategic management", "level": 2, "score": 0.5100696682929993}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779669084", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382097", "display_name": "Resource-based view", "level": 3, "score": 0.5067062973976135}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776291640", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517", "display_name": "Value (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.46576786041259766}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.3621164858341217}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809", "display_name": "Marketing", "level": 1, "score": 0.22558832168579102}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.17025282979011536}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C31258907", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371", "display_name": "Computer network", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1177/014920639101700108", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S122767448", "display_name": "Journal of Management", "issn_l": "0149-2063", "issn": ["0149-2063", "1557-1211"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320017", "host_organization_name": "SAGE Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["SAGE Publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Management", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:intellectum.unisabana.edu.co:10818/27863", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://www.portafolio.co/economia/finanzas/agro-paso-2014-perspectivas-2015-36382", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401748", "display_name": "Intellectum (Universidad de La Sabana)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I157650460", "host_organization_name": "Universidad de La Sabana", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I157650460"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Intellectum Repositorio Universidad de la Sabana", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 62, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W225650956", "https://openalex.org/W385158833", "https://openalex.org/W596730279", "https://openalex.org/W617038684", "https://openalex.org/W620252002", "https://openalex.org/W654384793", "https://openalex.org/W1517602275", "https://openalex.org/W1525835341", "https://openalex.org/W1600296154", "https://openalex.org/W1601128533", "https://openalex.org/W1969131094", "https://openalex.org/W1971422112", "https://openalex.org/W1978613777", "https://openalex.org/W1978687871", "https://openalex.org/W2000789424", "https://openalex.org/W2005200917", "https://openalex.org/W2006772550", "https://openalex.org/W2015633754", "https://openalex.org/W2018551192", "https://openalex.org/W2018944729", "https://openalex.org/W2023878058", "https://openalex.org/W2041254829", "https://openalex.org/W2042067088", "https://openalex.org/W2043593255", "https://openalex.org/W2044904859", "https://openalex.org/W2062223836", "https://openalex.org/W2066557547", "https://openalex.org/W2073362134", "https://openalex.org/W2087584667", "https://openalex.org/W2093745237", "https://openalex.org/W2101946146", "https://openalex.org/W2108767715", "https://openalex.org/W2123640034", "https://openalex.org/W2124024624", "https://openalex.org/W2133096875", "https://openalex.org/W2140956556", "https://openalex.org/W2148105183", "https://openalex.org/W2163010100", "https://openalex.org/W2164324358", "https://openalex.org/W2165848253", "https://openalex.org/W2170144774", "https://openalex.org/W2170492683", "https://openalex.org/W2319965358", "https://openalex.org/W2334331832", "https://openalex.org/W2335126927", "https://openalex.org/W2483386255", "https://openalex.org/W2519447307", "https://openalex.org/W2612740709", "https://openalex.org/W2951112740", "https://openalex.org/W2987712311", "https://openalex.org/W3016265253", "https://openalex.org/W3047095876", "https://openalex.org/W3124201178", "https://openalex.org/W3136907628", "https://openalex.org/W3196358336", "https://openalex.org/W4206974822", "https://openalex.org/W4231983142", "https://openalex.org/W4238036957", "https://openalex.org/W4248779872", "https://openalex.org/W4255711103", "https://openalex.org/W4299530062", "https://openalex.org/W4302341637"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3215761178", "https://openalex.org/W2126276979", "https://openalex.org/W3125814141", "https://openalex.org/W4313430759", "https://openalex.org/W2781195176", "https://openalex.org/W2243798869", "https://openalex.org/W2030104426", "https://openalex.org/W236186058", "https://openalex.org/W3121636719", "https://openalex.org/W2953753944"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Understanding": [0], "sources": [1], "of": [2, 11, 49, 52, 73, 86, 91], "sustained": [3, 43, 57, 77, 92], "competitive": [4, 44, 58, 78, 93], "advantage": [5, 94], "has": [6], "become": [7], "a": [8], "major": [9], "area": [10], "research": [12], "in": [13], "strategic": [14, 21], "management.": [15], "Building": [16], "on": [17], "the": [18, 38, 50, 71], "assumptions": [19], "that": [20, 28], "resources": [22, 41, 54], "are": [23, 31], "heterogeneously": [24], "distributed": [25], "acrossfirms": [26], "and": [27, 42, 62], "these": [29], "differences": [30], "stable": [32], "over": [33], "time,": [34], "this": [35, 87], "article": [36, 81], "examines": [37], "link": [39], "betweenfirm": [40], "advantage.": [45], "Four": [46], "empirical": [47], "indicators": [48], "potential": [51, 72], "firm": [53, 88], "to": [55], "generate": [56], "advantage-value,": [59], "rareness,": [60], "imitability,": [61], "substitutability-are": [63], "discussed.": [64], "The": [65, 80], "model": [66, 90], "is": [67], "applied": [68], "by": [69, 83], "analyzing": [70], "severalfirm": [74], "resourcesfor": [75], "generating": [76], "advantages.": [79], "concludes": [82], "examining": [84], "implications": [85], "resource": [89], "for": [95], "other": [96], "business": [97], "disciplines.": [98]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1288}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4301}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3249}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3083}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2884}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2788}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2405}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2196}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2200}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1869}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1807}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1672}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1591}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1567}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1556}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2079105963", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.47.558", "title": "<i>Ab initio</i>molecular dynamics for liquid metals", "display_name": "<i>Ab initio</i>molecular dynamics for liquid metals", "publication_year": 1993, "publication_date": "1993-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2079105963", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.47.558", "mag": "2079105963", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10004490"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.47.558", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.47.558", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174675", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "issn_l": "0163-1829", "issn": ["0163-1829", "1095-3795"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5019751186", "display_name": "Georg Kresse", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9102-4259"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I145847075", "display_name": "TU Wien", "ror": "https://ror.org/04d836q62", "country_code": "AT", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}], "countries": ["AT"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "G. Kresse", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Haupstrasse 8-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Haupstrasse, 8-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Haupstrasse 8-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Haupstrasse, 8-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111532035", "display_name": "J. H\u00e4fner", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I145847075", "display_name": "TU Wien", "ror": "https://ror.org/04d836q62", "country_code": "AT", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}], "countries": ["AT"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. Hafner", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Haupstrasse 8-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Haupstrasse, 8-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Haupstrasse 8-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, Wiedner Haupstrasse, 8-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5019751186"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145847075"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 12.8207, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 44089, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99454284, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "47", "issue": "1", "first_page": "558", "last_page": "561"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10413", "display_name": "High-pressure geophysics and materials", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1908", "display_name": "Geophysics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10413", "display_name": "High-pressure geophysics and materials", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1908", "display_name": "Geophysics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11177", "display_name": "Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11965", "display_name": "Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/degrees-of-freedom", "display_name": "Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)", "score": 0.6749871969223022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-dynamics", "display_name": "Molecular dynamics", "score": 0.6423814296722412}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ab-initio", "display_name": "Ab initio", "score": 0.5721602439880371}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.5478774905204773}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum", "display_name": "Quantum", "score": 0.5406434535980225}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-structure", "display_name": "Electronic structure", "score": 0.5312582850456238}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-dynamics", "display_name": "Quantum dynamics", "score": 0.46914878487586975}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-state", "display_name": "Ground state", "score": 0.463908851146698}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ab-initio-quantum-chemistry-methods", "display_name": "Ab initio quantum chemistry methods", "score": 0.4568740427494049}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-function", "display_name": "Wave function", "score": 0.4399430751800537}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/picosecond", "display_name": "Picosecond", "score": 0.4310382306575775}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/potential-energy", "display_name": "Potential energy", "score": 0.41291525959968567}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics", "display_name": "Classical mechanics", "score": 0.3641451299190521}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.2696552872657776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecule", "display_name": "Molecule", "score": 0.14910688996315002}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C208081375", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502", "display_name": "Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6749871969223022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C59593255", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901663", "display_name": "Molecular dynamics", "level": 2, "score": 0.6423814296722412}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781442258", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46310", "display_name": "Ab initio", "level": 2, "score": 0.5721602439880371}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.5478774905204773}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C84114770", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344", "display_name": "Quantum", "level": 2, "score": 0.5406434535980225}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86025842", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358432", "display_name": "Electronic structure", "level": 2, "score": 0.5312582850456238}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15184713", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269042", "display_name": "Quantum dynamics", "level": 3, "score": 0.46914878487586975}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C69523127", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4480008", "display_name": "Ground state", "level": 2, "score": 0.463908851146698}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C183971685", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q547605", "display_name": "Ab initio quantum chemistry methods", "level": 3, "score": 0.4568740427494049}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C113603373", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2362761", "display_name": "Wave function", "level": 2, "score": 0.4399430751800537}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55005982", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3902709", "display_name": "Picosecond", "level": 3, "score": 0.4310382306575775}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C84551667", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155640", "display_name": "Potential energy", "level": 2, "score": 0.41291525959968567}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C74650414", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397", "display_name": "Classical mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3641451299190521}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.2696552872657776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C32909587", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369", "display_name": "Molecule", "level": 2, "score": 0.14910688996315002}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C520434653", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867", "display_name": "Laser", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1103/physrevb.47.558", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.47.558", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174675", "display_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "issn_l": "0163-1829", "issn": ["0163-1829", "1095-3795"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320261", "host_organization_name": "American Physical Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Physical Society"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical Review B", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:10004490", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10004490", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Physical review. B, Condensed matter", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7", "display_name": "Affordable and clean energy", "score": 0.46000000834465027}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 22, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1968789436", "https://openalex.org/W1974333117", "https://openalex.org/W1982506030", "https://openalex.org/W1995469798", "https://openalex.org/W1998366223", "https://openalex.org/W2008726764", "https://openalex.org/W2017196167", "https://openalex.org/W2017639226", "https://openalex.org/W2020068981", "https://openalex.org/W2027530487", "https://openalex.org/W2032588197", "https://openalex.org/W2046001409", "https://openalex.org/W2048002203", "https://openalex.org/W2054196776", "https://openalex.org/W2054601240", "https://openalex.org/W2076059435", "https://openalex.org/W2077377413", "https://openalex.org/W2086595134", "https://openalex.org/W2230728100", "https://openalex.org/W2319020781", "https://openalex.org/W2734887380", "https://openalex.org/W4295098785"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W161161642", "https://openalex.org/W2016841775", "https://openalex.org/W1981961650", "https://openalex.org/W2086392143", "https://openalex.org/W40194013", "https://openalex.org/W2113842136", "https://openalex.org/W2084865322", "https://openalex.org/W1993176562", "https://openalex.org/W2470750086", "https://openalex.org/W1967636328"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"We": [0], "present": [1], "ab": [2], "initio": [3], "quantum-mechanical": [4, 57], "molecular-dynamics": [5, 27, 58], "calculations": [6, 59], "based": [7, 62], "on": [8, 63], "the": [9, 12, 18, 22, 40, 53, 64, 72, 83], "calculation": [10], "of": [11, 17, 66, 75, 82], "electronic": [13, 73], "ground": [14], "state": [15], "and": [16, 38, 85], "Hellmann-Feynman": [19], "forces": [20], "in": [21, 56], "local-density": [23], "approximation": [24], "at": [25], "each": [26], "step.": [28], "This": [29, 50, 77], "is": [30], "possible": [31], "using": [32, 47], "conjugate-gradient": [33], "techniques": [34], "for": [35, 43, 60, 71], "energy": [36], "minimization,": [37], "predicting": [39], "wave": [41], "functions": [42], "new": [44], "ionic": [45], "positions": [46], "subspace": [48], "alignment.": [49], "approach": [51], "avoids": [52], "instabilities": [54], "inherent": [55], "metals": [61], "use": [65], "a": [67], "fictitious": [68], "Newtonian": [69], "dynamics": [70], "degrees": [74], "freedom.": [76], "method": [78], "gives": [79], "perfect": [80], "control": [81], "adiabaticity": [84], "allows": [86], "us": [87], "to": [88], "perform": [89], "simulations": [90], "over": [91], "several": [92], "picoseconds.": [93]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 939}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4040}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3678}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3253}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3182}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3007}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2803}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2677}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2467}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2169}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2118}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1883}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1761}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1495}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1337}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2103017472", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/75556", "title": "Gene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology", "display_name": "Gene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology", "publication_year": 2000, "publication_date": "2000-05-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2103017472", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/75556", "mag": "2103017472", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10802651"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/75556", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/75556", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137905309", "display_name": "Nature Genetics", "issn_l": "1061-4036", "issn": ["1061-4036", "1546-1718"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Genetics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "datacite", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3037419", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5069887963", "display_name": "Michael Ashburner", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Michael Ashburner", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA. cherry@stanford.edu", "Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA. cherry@stanford.edu", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113321696", "display_name": "Catherine A. Ball", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Catherine A. Ball", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5016349593", "display_name": "Judith A. Blake", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-334X"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Judith A. Blake", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5077542898", "display_name": "David Botstein", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9499-4883"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David Botstein", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5064832872", "display_name": "H. Butler", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Heather Butler", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058567429", "display_name": "J. Michael Cherry", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-5180"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. Michael Cherry", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5064334598", "display_name": "Allan Peter Davis", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5741-7128"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Allan P. Davis", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037884529", "display_name": "Kara Dolinski", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7010-0264"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kara Dolinski", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079846682", "display_name": "Selina S. Dwight", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8546-7798"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Selina S. Dwight", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5006382524", "display_name": "Janan T. Eppig", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1652-8072"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Janan T. Eppig", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024953209", "display_name": "Midori A. Harris", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4148-4606"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Midori A. Harris", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029292423", "display_name": "David P. Hill", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-6306"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David P. Hill", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5033504917", "display_name": "Laurie Issel\u2010Tarver", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2930-1918"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Laurie Issel-Tarver", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032714338", "display_name": "Andrew Kasarskis", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6454-9076"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Andrew Kasarskis", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5105780503", "display_name": "Suzanna Lewis", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Suzanna Lewis", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5016799598", "display_name": "John C. Matese", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9432-8909"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "John C. Matese", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062064598", "display_name": "Joel E. Richardson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3342-5753"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Joel E. Richardson", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070528752", "display_name": "Martin Ringwald", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-5421"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Martin Ringwald", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5086255792", "display_name": "Gerald M. Rubin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8762-8703"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gerald M. Rubin", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058333700", "display_name": "Gavin Sherlock", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-4983"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gavin Sherlock", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 20, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5069887963"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"], "apc_list": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 81.4215, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 44054, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99989051, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "25", "issue": "1", "first_page": "25", "last_page": "29"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10887", "display_name": "Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10887", "display_name": "Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11710", "display_name": "Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies", "score": 0.9970999956130981, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10932", "display_name": "Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction", "score": 0.9955000281333923, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.8429308533668518}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/organism", "display_name": "Organism", "score": 0.6488568782806396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.5840559601783752}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.5738978385925293}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology", "display_name": "Ontology", "score": 0.5459999442100525}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/function", "display_name": "Function (biology)", "score": 0.5443418025970459}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-ontology", "display_name": "Gene ontology", "score": 0.5228477120399475}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary", "display_name": "Vocabulary", "score": 0.4514719843864441}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-vocabulary", "display_name": "Controlled vocabulary", "score": 0.41424939036369324}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.4134269654750824}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "score": 0.17770352959632874}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.15165922045707703}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression", "display_name": "Gene expression", "score": 0.08938449621200562}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.8429308533668518}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C137858568", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239", "display_name": "Organism", "level": 2, "score": 0.6488568782806396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.5840559601783752}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5738978385925293}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C25810664", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325", "display_name": "Ontology", "level": 2, "score": 0.5459999442100525}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C14036430", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076", "display_name": "Function (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5443418025970459}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2987395477", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135085", "display_name": "Gene ontology", "level": 4, "score": 0.5228477120399475}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777601683", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736", "display_name": "Vocabulary", "level": 2, "score": 0.4514719843864441}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C110615152", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469824", "display_name": "Controlled vocabulary", "level": 2, "score": 0.41424939036369324}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4134269654750824}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "level": 1, "score": 0.17770352959632874}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.15165922045707703}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C150194340", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972", "display_name": "Gene expression", "level": 3, "score": 0.08938449621200562}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162", "display_name": "Linguistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003195", "descriptor_name": "Computer Communication Networks", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003195", "descriptor_name": "Computer Communication Networks", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003195", "descriptor_name": "Computer Communication Networks", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003195", "descriptor_name": "Computer Communication Networks", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003195", "descriptor_name": "Computer Communication Networks", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005057", "descriptor_name": "Eukaryotic Cells", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005057", "descriptor_name": "Eukaryotic Cells", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005057", "descriptor_name": "Eukaryotic Cells", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005057", "descriptor_name": "Eukaryotic Cells", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005057", "descriptor_name": "Eukaryotic Cells", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005796", "descriptor_name": "Genes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005796", "descriptor_name": "Genes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005796", "descriptor_name": "Genes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005796", "descriptor_name": "Genes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005796", "descriptor_name": "Genes", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008678", "descriptor_name": "Metaphysics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008678", "descriptor_name": "Metaphysics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008678", "descriptor_name": "Metaphysics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008678", "descriptor_name": "Metaphysics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008678", "descriptor_name": "Metaphysics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008967", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008967", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008967", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008967", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008967", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000639", "qualifier_name": "trends", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/75556", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/75556", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137905309", "display_name": "Nature Genetics", "issn_l": "1061-4036", "issn": ["1061-4036", "1546-1718"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Genetics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:10802651", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10802651", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature genetics", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3037419", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3037419", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nat Genet", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "doi:10.25504/fairsharing.6xq0ee", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.25504/fairsharing.6xq0ee", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407053452", "display_name": "FAIRsharing.org", "issn_l": null, "issn": [], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "dataset"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3037419", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3037419", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nat Genet", "raw_type": "Text"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337348", "display_name": "National Human Genome Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/00baak391"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 38, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1975796937", "https://openalex.org/W1977159876", "https://openalex.org/W1979590043", "https://openalex.org/W2003144438", "https://openalex.org/W2010838245", "https://openalex.org/W2015571616", "https://openalex.org/W2045512378", "https://openalex.org/W2064737575", "https://openalex.org/W2071523919", "https://openalex.org/W2081269341", "https://openalex.org/W2100777213", "https://openalex.org/W2101397045", "https://openalex.org/W2103017472", "https://openalex.org/W2103425480", "https://openalex.org/W2103453943", "https://openalex.org/W2105894367", "https://openalex.org/W2106013076", "https://openalex.org/W2110041134", "https://openalex.org/W2111973517", "https://openalex.org/W2117077088", "https://openalex.org/W2133790733", "https://openalex.org/W2137786672", "https://openalex.org/W2141652419", "https://openalex.org/W2141885858", "https://openalex.org/W2143342552", "https://openalex.org/W2145737288", "https://openalex.org/W2148602507", "https://openalex.org/W2150926065", "https://openalex.org/W2153283265", "https://openalex.org/W2168215139", "https://openalex.org/W2981209166", "https://openalex.org/W3112600195", "https://openalex.org/W4213149192", "https://openalex.org/W4230501579", "https://openalex.org/W4235848672", "https://openalex.org/W4243279010", "https://openalex.org/W4247964656", "https://openalex.org/W4252166161"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1989811317", "https://openalex.org/W3202867831", "https://openalex.org/W1597990569", "https://openalex.org/W2017301218", "https://openalex.org/W2132784310", "https://openalex.org/W2135708477", "https://openalex.org/W2168340032", "https://openalex.org/W2136890152", "https://openalex.org/W1525685070", "https://openalex.org/W2310999331"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 728}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3151}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3676}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3219}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3310}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3499}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2935}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2339}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1982}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1797}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1650}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1758}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1670}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1686}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1533}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2019465613", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1006/jcph.1995.1039", "title": "Fast Parallel Algorithms for Short-Range Molecular Dynamics", "display_name": "Fast Parallel Algorithms for Short-Range Molecular Dynamics", "publication_year": 1995, "publication_date": "1995-03-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2019465613", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1006/jcph.1995.1039", "mag": "2019465613"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1006/jcph.1995.1039", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1006/jcph.1995.1039", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S148709879", "display_name": "Journal of Computational Physics", "issn_l": "0021-9991", "issn": ["0021-9991", "1090-2716"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Computational Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068520992", "display_name": "Steven J. Plimpton", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2446-8209"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I192454743", "display_name": "Sandia National Laboratories California", "ror": "https://ror.org/058m7ey48", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1330989302", "https://openalex.org/I1330989302", "https://openalex.org/I192454743", "https://openalex.org/I198811213", "https://openalex.org/I198811213", "https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Steve Plimpton", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Parallel Computational Sciences Department 1421, MS 1111, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1111"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Parallel Computational Sciences Department 1421, MS 1111, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1111", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I192454743"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5068520992"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I192454743"], "apc_list": {"value": 3750, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3750}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 24.783, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 43965, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99761842, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "117", "issue": "1", "first_page": "1", "last_page": "19"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11269", "display_name": "Algorithms and Data Compression", "score": 0.9871000051498413, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12326", "display_name": "Network Packet Processing and Optimization", "score": 0.9819999933242798, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing", "display_name": "Parallel computing", "score": 0.8168453574180603}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.7966359853744507}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark", "display_name": "Benchmark (surveying)", "score": 0.7178287506103516}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-algorithm", "display_name": "Parallel algorithm", "score": 0.6133878231048584}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/intel-ipsc", "display_name": "Intel iPSC", "score": 0.5937049388885498}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.5719120502471924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/range", "display_name": "Range (aeronautics)", "score": 0.5529070496559143}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-dynamics", "display_name": "Molecular dynamics", "score": 0.4971902668476105}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputer", "display_name": "Supercomputer", "score": 0.4218960404396057}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/node", "display_name": "Node (physics)", "score": 0.41499078273773193}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science", "display_name": "Computational science", "score": 0.3315315246582031}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.08038562536239624}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C173608175", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661", "display_name": "Parallel computing", "level": 1, "score": 0.8168453574180603}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.7966359853744507}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185798385", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707", "display_name": "Benchmark (surveying)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7178287506103516}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120373497", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1087987", "display_name": "Parallel algorithm", "level": 2, "score": 0.6133878231048584}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199115840", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108649754", "display_name": "Intel iPSC", "level": 3, "score": 0.5937049388885498}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.5719120502471924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C204323151", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424", "display_name": "Range (aeronautics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5529070496559143}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C59593255", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901663", "display_name": "Molecular dynamics", "level": 2, "score": 0.4971902668476105}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C83283714", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117", "display_name": "Supercomputer", "level": 2, "score": 0.4218960404396057}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62611344", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658", "display_name": "Node (physics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.41499078273773193}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C459310", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801", "display_name": "Computational science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3315315246582031}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.08038562536239624}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C13280743", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089", "display_name": "Geodesy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790", "display_name": "Composite material", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1006/jcph.1995.1039", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1006/jcph.1995.1039", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S148709879", "display_name": "Journal of Computational Physics", "issn_l": "0021-9991", "issn": ["0021-9991", "1090-2716"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Computational Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 51, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W207045710", "https://openalex.org/W1517140003", "https://openalex.org/W1535069111", "https://openalex.org/W1541263433", "https://openalex.org/W1559533846", "https://openalex.org/W1605074799", "https://openalex.org/W1672666614", "https://openalex.org/W1929766428", "https://openalex.org/W1966461475", "https://openalex.org/W1970470633", "https://openalex.org/W1981115948", "https://openalex.org/W1982129848", "https://openalex.org/W1992644916", "https://openalex.org/W2002118881", "https://openalex.org/W2008249115", "https://openalex.org/W2008655335", "https://openalex.org/W2012965689", "https://openalex.org/W2015558782", "https://openalex.org/W2020462241", "https://openalex.org/W2020588333", "https://openalex.org/W2025715322", "https://openalex.org/W2031733109", "https://openalex.org/W2033086537", "https://openalex.org/W2034732075", "https://openalex.org/W2036537322", "https://openalex.org/W2037157004", "https://openalex.org/W2041902442", "https://openalex.org/W2044683109", "https://openalex.org/W2049509090", "https://openalex.org/W2053861678", "https://openalex.org/W2076455102", "https://openalex.org/W2078725869", "https://openalex.org/W2083206954", "https://openalex.org/W2087277033", "https://openalex.org/W2090355049", "https://openalex.org/W2090377672", "https://openalex.org/W2090613537", "https://openalex.org/W2093481053", "https://openalex.org/W2105549957", "https://openalex.org/W2106576939", "https://openalex.org/W2113607823", "https://openalex.org/W2120951879", "https://openalex.org/W2121432651", "https://openalex.org/W2140549152", "https://openalex.org/W2143404277", "https://openalex.org/W2148307081", "https://openalex.org/W2161484968", "https://openalex.org/W2165473037", "https://openalex.org/W2323178299", "https://openalex.org/W3016119576", "https://openalex.org/W3046595845"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3169921411", "https://openalex.org/W2063021476", "https://openalex.org/W2309481", "https://openalex.org/W2062914341", "https://openalex.org/W2327146671", "https://openalex.org/W2044175121", "https://openalex.org/W1972664035", "https://openalex.org/W4240850883", "https://openalex.org/W2172108154", "https://openalex.org/W2305115591"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 762}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3393}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3475}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3762}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4073}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4531}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3903}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3550}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3232}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2705}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2380}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1994}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1668}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1270}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 968}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2114104545", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp616", "title": "<tt>edgeR</tt> : a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data", "display_name": "<tt>edgeR</tt> : a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data", "publication_year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-11-11", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2114104545", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp616", "mag": "2114104545", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19910308"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp616", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp616", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/26/1/139/48851299/bioinformatics_26_1_139.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S52395412", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "issn_l": "1367-4803", "issn": ["1367-4803", "1367-4811"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/26/1/139/48851299/bioinformatics_26_1_139.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029455059", "display_name": "Mark D. Robinson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-5518"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I136750679", "display_name": "Garvan Institute of Medical Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/01b3dvp57", "country_code": "AU", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I136750679", "https://openalex.org/I4210087284"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I196021976", "display_name": "Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/01b6kha49", "country_code": "AU", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I196021976"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Mark D. Robinson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Cancer Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 and 2 Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Cancer Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 and 2 Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I196021976", "https://openalex.org/I136750679"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5034469657", "display_name": "Davis J. McCarthy", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2218-6833"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I196021976", "display_name": "Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/01b6kha49", "country_code": "AU", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I196021976"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I136750679", "display_name": "Garvan Institute of Medical Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/01b3dvp57", "country_code": "AU", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I136750679", "https://openalex.org/I4210087284"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Davis J. McCarthy", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Cancer Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 and 2 Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Cancer Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 and 2 Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I196021976", "https://openalex.org/I136750679"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5054704071", "display_name": "Gordon K. Smyth", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9221-2892"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I136750679", "display_name": "Garvan Institute of Medical Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/01b3dvp57", "country_code": "AU", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I136750679", "https://openalex.org/I4210087284"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I196021976", "display_name": "Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/01b6kha49", "country_code": "AU", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I196021976"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gordon K. Smyth", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["1 Cancer Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 and 2 Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "1 Cancer Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 and 2 Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I196021976", "https://openalex.org/I136750679"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5029455059"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I136750679", "https://openalex.org/I196021976"], "apc_list": {"value": 3618, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3618}, "apc_paid": {"value": 3618, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3618}, "fwci": 45.4222, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 43796, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99936666, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "26", "issue": "1", "first_page": "139", "last_page": "140"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10885", "display_name": "Gene expression and cancer classification", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10885", "display_name": "Gene expression and cancer classification", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10887", "display_name": "Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks", "score": 0.9944999814033508, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11970", "display_name": "Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9943000078201294, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bioconductor", "display_name": "Bioconductor", "score": 0.9850140810012817}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/count-data", "display_name": "Count data", "score": 0.6324459910392761}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.4784781336784363}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/r-package", "display_name": "R package", "score": 0.45781058073043823}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.4555765688419342}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software", "display_name": "Software", "score": 0.45446789264678955}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/inference", "display_name": "Inference", "score": 0.452961266040802}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.4497251510620117}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/overdispersion", "display_name": "Overdispersion", "score": 0.41055524349212646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining", "display_name": "Data mining", "score": 0.33860448002815247}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.2396029531955719}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.22796612977981567}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-distribution", "display_name": "Poisson distribution", "score": 0.19650483131408691}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.19473916292190552}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.12420988082885742}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.09726962447166443}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779694297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2888953", "display_name": "Bioconductor", "level": 3, "score": 0.9850140810012817}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33643355", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5176731", "display_name": "Count data", "level": 3, "score": 0.6324459910392761}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4784781336784363}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2984074130", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73539779", "display_name": "R package", "level": 2, "score": 0.45781058073043823}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4555765688419342}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.45446789264678955}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776214188", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386", "display_name": "Inference", "level": 2, "score": 0.452961266040802}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.4497251510620117}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C117236510", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113620", "display_name": "Overdispersion", "level": 4, "score": 0.41055524349212646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.33860448002815247}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.2396029531955719}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.22796612977981567}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C100906024", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692", "display_name": "Poisson distribution", "level": 2, "score": 0.19650483131408691}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.19473916292190552}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.12420988082885742}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.09726962447166443}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C459310", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801", "display_name": "Computational science", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011381", "descriptor_name": "Programming Languages", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011381", "descriptor_name": "Programming Languages", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011381", "descriptor_name": "Programming Languages", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012815", "descriptor_name": "Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012815", "descriptor_name": "Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012815", "descriptor_name": "Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020411", "descriptor_name": "Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020411", "descriptor_name": "Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020411", "descriptor_name": "Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020869", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression Profiling", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020869", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression Profiling", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020869", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression Profiling", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp616", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp616", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/26/1/139/48851299/bioinformatics_26_1_139.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S52395412", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "issn_l": "1367-4803", "issn": ["1367-4803", "1367-4811"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:19910308", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19910308", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/259114", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/11343/259114", "pdf_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/11343/259114", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196259", "display_name": "Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I165779595", "host_organization_name": "The University of Melbourne", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165779595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Journal Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2796818", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2796818", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp616", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp616", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-pdf/26/1/139/48851299/bioinformatics_26_1_139.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S52395412", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "issn_l": "1367-4803", "issn": ["1367-4803", "1367-4811"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Bioinformatics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G7531959418", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "361646", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334705", "funder_display_name": "National Health and Medical Research Council"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334626", "display_name": "Medical Research Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/03x94j517"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334705", "display_name": "National Health and Medical Research Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/011kf5r70"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2114104545.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2114104545.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 11, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2066452478", "https://openalex.org/W2081098333", "https://openalex.org/W2087610092", "https://openalex.org/W2091975751", "https://openalex.org/W2113519164", "https://openalex.org/W2121211805", "https://openalex.org/W2141425631", "https://openalex.org/W2145416275", "https://openalex.org/W2160697532", "https://openalex.org/W2430931147", "https://openalex.org/W6670694061"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2189104843", "https://openalex.org/W2885569989", "https://openalex.org/W4390402773", "https://openalex.org/W3134768068", "https://openalex.org/W2081430863", "https://openalex.org/W2765416750", "https://openalex.org/W3021740479", "https://openalex.org/W3178810070", "https://openalex.org/W4280505828", "https://openalex.org/W2302712328"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "package": [1], "is": [2], "freely": [3], "available": [4], "under": [5], "the": [6, 10], "LGPL": [7], "licence": [8], "from": [9], "Bioconductor": [11], "web": [12], "site": [13], "(http://bioconductor.org).": [14]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 941}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4385}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5783}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5124}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5315}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5521}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4577}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3330}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2603}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2116}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1516}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1115}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 719}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 396}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 209}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2963446712", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2017.243", "title": "Densely Connected Convolutional Networks", "display_name": "Densely Connected Convolutional Networks", "publication_year": 2017, "publication_date": "2017-07-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2963446712", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2017.243", "mag": "2963446712"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.243", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2017.243", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)", "raw_type": "proceedings-article"}, "type": "preprint", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5013240918", "display_name": "Gao Huang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-0988"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "display_name": "Cornell University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bnh6r87", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Gao Huang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Cornell University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Cornell University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100452089", "display_name": "Zhuang Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6395-0212"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I99065089", "display_name": "Tsinghua University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03cve4549", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhuang Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Tsinghua University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Tsinghua University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109065097", "display_name": "Laurens van der Maaten", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2252078561", "display_name": "Meta (Israel)", "ror": "https://ror.org/02388em19", "country_code": "IL", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2252078561", "https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}], "countries": ["IL"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Laurens Van Der Maaten", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Facebook AI Research"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Facebook AI Research", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5006380227", "display_name": "Kilian Q. Weinberger", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "display_name": "Cornell University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bnh6r87", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kilian Q. Weinberger", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Cornell University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Cornell University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 3, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5013240918"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1069.8044, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 43780, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99996201, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 90, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": "2261", "last_page": "2269"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11307", "display_name": "Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10812", "display_name": "Human Pose and Action Recognition", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.8272131681442261}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark", "display_name": "Benchmark (surveying)", "score": 0.8014218807220459}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/feature", "display_name": "Feature (linguistics)", "score": 0.7894731760025024}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/layer", "display_name": "Layer (electronics)", "score": 0.7671459913253784}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network", "display_name": "Convolutional neural network", "score": 0.6791244149208069}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computation", "display_name": "Computation", "score": 0.6440296769142151}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/code", "display_name": "Code (set theory)", "score": 0.5878386497497559}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse", "display_name": "Reuse", "score": 0.5767796635627747}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/object", "display_name": "Object (grammar)", "score": 0.4336963891983032}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-code", "display_name": "Convolutional code", "score": 0.4322141110897064}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.38722431659698486}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.3836020827293396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering", "display_name": "Computer engineering", "score": 0.34222540259361267}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.22368410229682922}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/set", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "score": 0.08014628291130066}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language", "display_name": "Programming language", "score": 0.07634982466697693}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods", "display_name": "Decoding methods", "score": 0.058808714151382446}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.05767256021499634}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.8272131681442261}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185798385", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707", "display_name": "Benchmark (surveying)", "level": 2, "score": 0.8014218807220459}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776401178", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496", "display_name": "Feature (linguistics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7894731760025024}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779227376", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497", "display_name": "Layer (electronics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7671459913253784}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C81363708", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460", "display_name": "Convolutional neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.6791244149208069}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C45374587", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525", "display_name": "Computation", "level": 2, "score": 0.6440296769142151}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776760102", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990", "display_name": "Code (set theory)", "level": 3, "score": 0.5878386497497559}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C206588197", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574", "display_name": "Reuse", "level": 2, "score": 0.5767796635627747}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781238097", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026", "display_name": "Object (grammar)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4336963891983032}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C157899210", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395022", "display_name": "Convolutional code", "level": 3, "score": 0.4322141110897064}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.38722431659698486}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.3836020827293396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C113775141", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691", "display_name": "Computer engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.34222540259361267}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.22368410229682922}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "level": 2, "score": 0.08014628291130066}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.07634982466697693}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C57273362", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722", "display_name": "Decoding methods", "level": 2, "score": 0.058808714151382446}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.05767256021499634}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388", "display_name": "Waste management", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C13280743", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089", "display_name": "Geodesy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162", "display_name": "Linguistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.243", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2017.243", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)", "raw_type": "proceedings-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9", "display_name": "Industry, innovation and infrastructure", "score": 0.5400000214576721}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 75, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W104184427", "https://openalex.org/W300523764", "https://openalex.org/W830076066", "https://openalex.org/W1026270304", "https://openalex.org/W1677182931", "https://openalex.org/W1690739335", "https://openalex.org/W1836465849", "https://openalex.org/W1903029394", "https://openalex.org/W1948751323", "https://openalex.org/W2095705004", "https://openalex.org/W2097117768", "https://openalex.org/W2102013737", "https://openalex.org/W2108598243", "https://openalex.org/W2109779438", "https://openalex.org/W2112796928", "https://openalex.org/W2116456623", "https://openalex.org/W2117539524", "https://openalex.org/W2123045220", "https://openalex.org/W2147800946", "https://openalex.org/W2156387975", "https://openalex.org/W2162741153", "https://openalex.org/W2163605009", "https://openalex.org/W2168894214", "https://openalex.org/W2173905264", "https://openalex.org/W2174554700", "https://openalex.org/W2183341477", "https://openalex.org/W2194775991", "https://openalex.org/W2294059674", "https://openalex.org/W2302255633", "https://openalex.org/W2331143823", "https://openalex.org/W2333796428", "https://openalex.org/W2335728318", "https://openalex.org/W2337199865", "https://openalex.org/W2401231614", "https://openalex.org/W2406474429", "https://openalex.org/W2408279554", "https://openalex.org/W2430148947", "https://openalex.org/W2464772092", "https://openalex.org/W2950621961", "https://openalex.org/W2952229419", "https://openalex.org/W2962694510", "https://openalex.org/W2962820688", "https://openalex.org/W2963382180", "https://openalex.org/W2963606038", "https://openalex.org/W2963911037", "https://openalex.org/W2963920537", "https://openalex.org/W2963975324", "https://openalex.org/W2964091842", "https://openalex.org/W2964118293", "https://openalex.org/W2964137095", "https://openalex.org/W3020975476", "https://openalex.org/W3118608800", "https://openalex.org/W4239072543", "https://openalex.org/W4293439130", "https://openalex.org/W6604254268", "https://openalex.org/W6610775743", "https://openalex.org/W6623329352", "https://openalex.org/W6626481562", "https://openalex.org/W6637551013", "https://openalex.org/W6638444622", "https://openalex.org/W6638667902", "https://openalex.org/W6640174519", "https://openalex.org/W6640759395", "https://openalex.org/W6674330103", "https://openalex.org/W6676297131", "https://openalex.org/W6676553272", "https://openalex.org/W6677681515", "https://openalex.org/W6682889407", "https://openalex.org/W6684191040", "https://openalex.org/W6684665197", "https://openalex.org/W6685251022", "https://openalex.org/W6696761078", "https://openalex.org/W6703116779", "https://openalex.org/W6717888560", "https://openalex.org/W6787972765"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2319888919", "https://openalex.org/W2767651786", "https://openalex.org/W2998887688", "https://openalex.org/W2912288872", "https://openalex.org/W2511730936", "https://openalex.org/W3106036237", "https://openalex.org/W2801801420", "https://openalex.org/W2886673456", "https://openalex.org/W2963446712", "https://openalex.org/W2337344472"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Recent": [0], "work": [1], "has": [2, 78], "shown": [3], "that": [4], "convolutional": [5, 62], "networks": [6, 63], "can": [7], "be": [8], "substantially": [9, 124], "deeper,": [10], "more": [11], "accurate,": [12], "and": [13, 28, 41, 73, 95, 123, 146, 163, 170], "efficient": [14], "to": [15, 25, 31, 52, 165], "train": [16], "if": [17], "they": [18, 112], "contain": [19], "shorter": [20], "connections": [21], "between": [22, 70], "layers": [23, 66, 90], "close": [24, 30], "the": [26, 32, 43, 85, 114, 126, 153], "input": [27], "those": [29], "output.": [33], "In": [34], "this": [35, 39], "paper,": [36], "we": [37], "embrace": [38], "observation": [40], "introduce": [42], "Dense": [44], "Convolutional": [45], "Network": [46], "(DenseNet),": [47], "which": [48], "connects": [49], "each": [50, 71, 83], "layer": [51, 55, 72], "every": [53], "other": [54], "in": [56], "a": [57], "feed-forward": [58], "fashion.": [59], "Whereas": [60], "traditional": [61], "with": [64], "L": [65, 68], "have": [67, 108], "connections-one": [69], "its": [74, 96], "subsequent": [75, 105], "layer-our": [76], "network": [77], "L(L+1)/2": [79], "direct": [80], "connections.": [81], "For": [82], "layer,": [84], "feature-maps": [86, 98], "of": [87, 128, 157], "all": [88, 104], "preceding": [89], "are": [91, 99, 173], "used": [92, 100], "as": [93, 101], "inputs,": [94], "own": [97], "inputs": [102], "into": [103], "layers.": [106], "DenseNets": [107, 148], "several": [109], "compelling": [110], "advantages:": [111], "alleviate": [113], "vanishing-gradient": [115], "problem,": [116], "strengthen": [117], "feature": [118, 121], "propagation,": [119], "encourage": [120], "reuse,": [122], "reduce": [125], "number": [127], "parameters.": [129], "We": [130], "evaluate": [131], "our": [132], "proposed": [133], "architecture": [134], "on": [135, 155], "four": [136], "highly": [137], "competitive": [138], "object": [139], "recognition": [140], "benchmark": [141], "tasks": [142], "(CIFAR-10,": [143], "CIFAR-100,": [144], "SVHN,": [145], "ImageNet).": [147], "obtain": [149], "significant": [150], "improvements": [151], "over": [152], "state-of-the-art": [154], "most": [156], "them,": [158], "whilst": [159], "requiring": [160], "less": [161], "memory": [162], "computation": [164], "achieve": [166], "high": [167], "performance.": [168], "Code": [169], "pre-trained": [171], "models": [172], "available": [174], "at": [175], "https://github.com/liuzhuang13/DenseNet.": [176]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 751}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 5272}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 6170}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6674}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6280}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 7044}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5662}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3951}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1765}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 204}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3177828909", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2", "title": "Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold", "display_name": "Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold", "publication_year": 2021, "publication_date": "2021-07-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3177828909", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2", "mag": "3177828909", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34265844"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03819-2.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "display_name": "Nature", "issn_l": "0028-0836", "issn": ["0028-0836", "1476-4687"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "datacite", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03819-2.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5059179935", "display_name": "John Jumper", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6169-6580"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "John Jumper", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK. jumper@deepmind.com", "DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK. jumper@deepmind.com", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Richard Evans", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Richard Evans", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062883663", "display_name": "Alexander Pritzel", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-9040"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alexander Pritzel", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101569668", "display_name": "Tim Green", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3227-1505"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tim Green", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5004531184", "display_name": "Michael Figurnov", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1386-8741"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Michael Figurnov", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045981348", "display_name": "Olaf Ronneberger", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4266-1515"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Olaf Ronneberger", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079389977", "display_name": "Kathryn Tunyasuvunakool", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8594-1074"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kathryn Tunyasuvunakool", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113989875", "display_name": "Russ Bates", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Russ Bates", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009567462", "display_name": "Augustin \u017d\u00eddek", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0748-9684"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Augustin \u017d\u00eddek", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5030626083", "display_name": "Anna Potapenko", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0962-0794"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Anna Potapenko", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027154958", "display_name": "Alex Bridgland", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alex Bridgland", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5067459456", "display_name": "Clemens Meyer", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1165-6104"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Clemens Meyer", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5054576402", "display_name": "Simon K\u00f6hl", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4271-4418"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Simon A. A. Kohl", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079907259", "display_name": "Andrew J. Ballard", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Andrew J. Ballard", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5085902321", "display_name": "Andrew Cowie", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4491-1434"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Andrew Cowie", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088601308", "display_name": "Bernardino Romera\u2010Paredes", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-3590"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bernardino Romera-Paredes", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5051623730", "display_name": "Stanislav Nikolov", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8234-0751"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Stanislav Nikolov", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5019154965", "display_name": "Rishub Jain", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-9427"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Rishub Jain", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088186812", "display_name": "Jonas Adler", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9928-3407"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jonas Adler", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5051168505", "display_name": "Trevor Back", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-8043"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Trevor Back", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5050109164", "display_name": "Stig Petersen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5043-2325"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Stig Petersen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009240058", "display_name": "David Reiman", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1605-7197"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David Reiman", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5046346579", "display_name": "Ellen Clancy", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4425-3985"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ellen Clancy", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101599399", "display_name": "Micha\u0142 Zieli\u0144ski", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6785-9326"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Michal Zielinski", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5019985343", "display_name": "Martin Steinegger", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8781-9753"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I139264467", "display_name": "Seoul National University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04h9pn542", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Martin Steinegger", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Artificial Intelligence Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea", "School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Artificial Intelligence Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5034531389", "display_name": "Michalina Pacholska", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2160-6226"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Michalina Pacholska", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041605654", "display_name": "Tamas Berghammer", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tamas Berghammer", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5063529978", "display_name": "Sebastian W. Bodenstein", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-6627"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sebastian Bodenstein", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5091771290", "display_name": "David Silver", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5197-2892"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David Silver", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5003562101", "display_name": "Oriol Vinyals", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7848-7283"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Oriol Vinyals", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079708487", "display_name": "Andrew Senior", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2401-5691"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Andrew W. Senior", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090341705", "display_name": "Koray Kavukcuoglu", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Koray Kavukcuoglu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5013834379", "display_name": "Pushmeet Kohli", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7466-7997"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pushmeet Kohli", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005349213", "display_name": "Demis Hassabis", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2812-9917"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "display_name": "Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260", "country_code": "GB", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Demis Hassabis", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DeepMind, London, UK. dhcontact@deepmind.com", "DeepMind, London, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK. dhcontact@deepmind.com", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "DeepMind, London, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 34, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5059179935"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"], "apc_list": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "apc_paid": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "fwci": 2440.0452, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 43100, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 90, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "596", "issue": "7873", "first_page": "583", "last_page": "589"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10044", "display_name": "Protein Structure and Dynamics", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10044", "display_name": "Protein Structure and Dynamics", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12254", "display_name": "Machine Learning in Bioinformatics", "score": 0.9975000023841858, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11162", "display_name": "Enzyme Structure and Function", "score": 0.9955999851226807, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-structure-prediction", "display_name": "Protein structure prediction", "score": 0.77146977186203}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.6746793985366821}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/casp", "display_name": "CASP", "score": 0.5622652173042297}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-structure", "display_name": "Protein structure", "score": 0.554833710193634}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/threading", "display_name": "Threading (protein sequence)", "score": 0.5025038719177246}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.49291157722473145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.49066460132598877}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-bioinformatics", "display_name": "Structural bioinformatics", "score": 0.4842517077922821}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "score": 0.4583212435245514}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-superfamily", "display_name": "Protein superfamily", "score": 0.4449215531349182}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "score": 0.42229408025741577}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/function", "display_name": "Function (biology)", "score": 0.4152410626411438}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.3396413028240204}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.15472480654716492}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C18051474", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899656", "display_name": "Protein structure prediction", "level": 3, "score": 0.77146977186203}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6746793985366821}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C66153294", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899291", "display_name": "CASP", "level": 4, "score": 0.5622652173042297}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C47701112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735188", "display_name": "Protein structure", "level": 2, "score": 0.554833710193634}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C200307862", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797175", "display_name": "Threading (protein sequence)", "level": 3, "score": 0.5025038719177246}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.49291157722473145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.49066460132598877}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C69131567", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2068215", "display_name": "Structural bioinformatics", "level": 3, "score": 0.4842517077922821}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50644808", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.4583212435245514}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178180057", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251477", "display_name": "Protein superfamily", "level": 3, "score": 0.4449215531349182}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778112365", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.42229408025741577}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C14036430", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076", "display_name": "Function (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4152410626411438}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3396413028240204}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.15472480654716492}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000077321", "descriptor_name": "Deep Learning", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000077321", "descriptor_name": "Deep Learning", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000077321", "descriptor_name": "Deep Learning", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000077321", "descriptor_name": "Deep Learning", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000077321", "descriptor_name": "Deep Learning", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008958", "descriptor_name": "Models, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008958", "descriptor_name": "Models, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008958", "descriptor_name": "Models, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008958", "descriptor_name": "Models, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008958", "descriptor_name": "Models, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011487", "descriptor_name": "Protein Conformation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011487", "descriptor_name": "Protein Conformation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011487", "descriptor_name": "Protein Conformation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011487", "descriptor_name": "Protein Conformation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011487", "descriptor_name": "Protein Conformation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016571", "descriptor_name": "Neural Networks, Computer", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016571", "descriptor_name": "Neural Networks, Computer", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016571", "descriptor_name": "Neural Networks, Computer", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016571", "descriptor_name": "Neural Networks, Computer", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016571", "descriptor_name": "Neural Networks, Computer", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017510", "descriptor_name": "Protein Folding", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017510", "descriptor_name": "Protein Folding", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017510", "descriptor_name": "Protein Folding", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017510", "descriptor_name": "Protein Folding", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017510", "descriptor_name": "Protein Folding", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030562", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Protein", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030562", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Protein", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030562", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Protein", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030562", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Protein", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030562", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Protein", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03819-2.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "display_name": "Nature", "issn_l": "0028-0836", "issn": ["0028-0836", "1476-4687"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:34265844", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34265844", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nature:v:596:y:2021:i:7873:d:10.1038_s41586-021-03819-2", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03819-2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I77793887", "host_organization_name": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I77793887"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8371605", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8371605", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "doi:10.25504/fairsharing.246086", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.25504/fairsharing.246086", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407053452", "display_name": "FAIRsharing.org", "issn_l": null, "issn": [], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "dataset"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03819-2.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "display_name": "Nature", "issn_l": "0028-0836", "issn": ["0028-0836", "1476-4687"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G2088101978", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2019R1A6A1A10073437", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3034753964", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "grant", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320671", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3360897862", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2019R1A6A1A10073437", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320671", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G471096435", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2019R1A6A1", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5464684678", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2019R1A6A1A1007343", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8959955562", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "2020M3A9G7103933", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "funder_display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320317153", "display_name": "DeepMind", "ror": "https://ror.org/00971b260"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320671", "display_name": "National Research Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321292", "display_name": "Seoul National University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04h9pn542"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322120", "display_name": "National Research Foundation of Korea", "ror": "https://ror.org/013aysd81"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3177828909.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 89, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1589812083", "https://openalex.org/W1605294025", "https://openalex.org/W1976666280", "https://openalex.org/W1979762151", "https://openalex.org/W1982583124", "https://openalex.org/W2014337316", "https://openalex.org/W2017285544", "https://openalex.org/W2033806446", "https://openalex.org/W2037312364", "https://openalex.org/W2045777307", "https://openalex.org/W2051210555", "https://openalex.org/W2061042699", "https://openalex.org/W2065283382", "https://openalex.org/W2069458148", "https://openalex.org/W2072404529", "https://openalex.org/W2102461176", "https://openalex.org/W2109801072", "https://openalex.org/W2110483430", "https://openalex.org/W2113178668", "https://openalex.org/W2119423166", "https://openalex.org/W2129020329", "https://openalex.org/W2129259959", "https://openalex.org/W2138122982", "https://openalex.org/W2140673705", "https://openalex.org/W2144288821", "https://openalex.org/W2161151688", "https://openalex.org/W2166701319", "https://openalex.org/W2194775991", "https://openalex.org/W2271840356", "https://openalex.org/W2310667045", "https://openalex.org/W2557595285", "https://openalex.org/W2626778328", "https://openalex.org/W2888839841", "https://openalex.org/W2898210859", "https://openalex.org/W2906744519", "https://openalex.org/W2949223833", "https://openalex.org/W2949342052", "https://openalex.org/W2949867299", "https://openalex.org/W2950954328", "https://openalex.org/W2952317511", "https://openalex.org/W2953008890", "https://openalex.org/W2957874522", "https://openalex.org/W2962831078", "https://openalex.org/W2963341956", "https://openalex.org/W2963474899", "https://openalex.org/W2966057938", "https://openalex.org/W2968494487", "https://openalex.org/W2969180072", "https://openalex.org/W2970594786", "https://openalex.org/W2972411752", "https://openalex.org/W2975653430", "https://openalex.org/W2980272550", "https://openalex.org/W2980789587", "https://openalex.org/W2981689412", "https://openalex.org/W2984894304", "https://openalex.org/W2995514860", "https://openalex.org/W2997234557", "https://openalex.org/W2999044305", "https://openalex.org/W3022597535", "https://openalex.org/W3033318436", "https://openalex.org/W3035160371", "https://openalex.org/W3035965352", "https://openalex.org/W3038329114", "https://openalex.org/W3044291258", "https://openalex.org/W3048491903", "https://openalex.org/W3083919430", "https://openalex.org/W3097065222", "https://openalex.org/W3099838549", "https://openalex.org/W3099878876", "https://openalex.org/W3101667854", "https://openalex.org/W3107939614", "https://openalex.org/W3112376646", "https://openalex.org/W3117073871", "https://openalex.org/W3132448805", "https://openalex.org/W3136751755", "https://openalex.org/W3146944767", "https://openalex.org/W3161711259", "https://openalex.org/W3163965514", "https://openalex.org/W3164154359", "https://openalex.org/W3167641553", "https://openalex.org/W3177828909", "https://openalex.org/W3178087467", "https://openalex.org/W3183475563", "https://openalex.org/W3199799076", "https://openalex.org/W4229658977", "https://openalex.org/W4388464011", "https://openalex.org/W6739901393", "https://openalex.org/W6769989246", "https://openalex.org/W6791955017"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2411998238", "https://openalex.org/W2462594639", "https://openalex.org/W1888349473", "https://openalex.org/W2117340986", "https://openalex.org/W2335447195", "https://openalex.org/W2159298533", "https://openalex.org/W2920908742", "https://openalex.org/W3000866803", "https://openalex.org/W2136856901", "https://openalex.org/W2153191110"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Proteins": [0], "are": [1, 67], "essential": [2], "to": [3, 52, 58, 69, 74], "life,": [4], "and": [5, 73, 192, 212], "understanding": [6, 13], "their": [7, 15], "structure": [8, 82, 95, 129, 155], "can": [9, 140], "facilitate": [10], "a": [11, 35, 60, 84, 188, 204], "mechanistic": [12], "of": [14, 24, 38, 41, 54, 98, 122, 164, 176, 190, 201, 224], "function.": [16], "Through": [17], "an": [18, 104, 160], "enormous": [19], "experimental": [20, 185], "effort<sup>1-4</sup>,": [21], "the": [22, 39, 50, 80, 99, 135, 171, 198, 222, 225], "structures": [23, 144, 186], "around": [25], "100,000": [26], "unique": [27], "proteins": [28], "have": [29], "been": [30, 103], "determined<sup>5</sup>,": [31], "but": [32], "this": [33, 71], "represents": [34], "small": [36], "fraction": [37], "billions": [40], "known": [42], "protein": [43, 62, 85, 143, 177, 216], "sequences<sup>6,7</sup>.": [44], "Structural": [45], "coverage": [46], "is": [47, 130, 156, 203], "bottlenecked": [48], "by": [49], "months": [51], "years": [53], "painstaking": [55], "effort": [56], "required": [57], "determine": [59], "single": [61], "structure.": [63], "Accurate": [64], "computational": [65, 137], "approaches": [66], "needed": [68], "address": [70], "gap": [72], "enable": [75], "large-scale": [76], "structural": [77], "bioinformatics.": [78], "Predicting": [79], "three-dimensional": [81], "that": [83, 139, 209], "will": [86], "adopt": [87], "based": [88], "solely": [89], "on": [90], "its": [91], "amino": [92], "acid": [93], "sequence-the": [94], "prediction": [96], "component": [97], "'protein": [100], "folding": [101], "problem'<sup>8</sup>-has": [102], "important": [105], "open": [106], "research": [107], "problem": [108], "for": [109], "more": [110], "than": [111], "50": [112], "years<sup>9</sup>.": [113], "Despite": [114], "recent": [115], "progress<sup>10-14</sup>,": [116], "existing": [117], "methods": [118], "fall": [119], "far": [120], "short": [121], "atomic": [123, 146], "accuracy,": [124], "especially": [125], "when": [126], "no": [127, 153], "homologous": [128], "available.": [131], "Here": [132], "we": [133], "provide": [134], "first": [136], "method": [138], "regularly": [141], "predict": [142], "with": [145, 184], "accuracy": [147, 182], "even": [148], "in": [149, 151, 170, 187], "cases": [150, 191], "which": [152], "similar": [154], "known.": [157], "We": [158], "validated": [159], "entirely": [161], "redesigned": [162], "version": [163, 200], "our": [165], "neural": [166], "network-based": [167], "model,": [168], "AlphaFold,": [169], "challenging": [172], "14th": [173], "Critical": [174], "Assessment": [175], "Structure": [178], "Prediction": [179], "(CASP14)<sup>15</sup>,": [180], "demonstrating": [181], "competitive": [183], "majority": [189], "greatly": [193], "outperforming": [194], "other": [195], "methods.": [196], "Underpinning": [197], "latest": [199], "AlphaFold": [202], "novel": [205], "machine": [206], "learning": [207, 227], "approach": [208], "incorporates": [210], "physical": [211], "biological": [213], "knowledge": [214], "about": [215], "structure,": [217], "leveraging": [218], "multi-sequence": [219], "alignments,": [220], "into": [221], "design": [223], "deep": [226], "algorithm.": [228]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2340}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 11139}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 11983}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 9967}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6486}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1120}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 19}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 7}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2021-07-19T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2142225512", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687", "title": "Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis", "display_name": "Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis", "publication_year": 2005, "publication_date": "2005-10-04", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2142225512", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687", "mag": "2142225512", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16204405"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1177/1049732305276687", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S32648145", "display_name": "Qualitative Health Research", "issn_l": "1049-7323", "issn": ["1049-7323", "1552-7557"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320017", "host_organization_name": "SAGE Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["SAGE Publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Qualitative Health Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5091255592", "display_name": "Hsiu-Fang Hsieh", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I64045040", "display_name": "Fooyin University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03pfmgq50", "country_code": "TW", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I64045040"]}], "countries": ["TW"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Hsiu-Fang Hsieh", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Fooyin University, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Fooyin University, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I64045040"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5069080391", "display_name": "Sarah E. Shannon", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8492-8743"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I58610484", "display_name": "Seattle University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02jqc0m91", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I201448701", "display_name": "University of Washington", "ror": "https://ror.org/00cvxb145", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sarah E. Shannon", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Washington, Seattle", "University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Washington, Seattle", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I58610484", "https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Washington , Seattle , WA , US", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5091255592"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I64045040"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 275.2245, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 43093, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99996057, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "15", "issue": "9", "first_page": "1277", "last_page": "1288"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13349", "display_name": "Educational Research and Analysis", "score": 0.9970999956130981, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13349", "display_name": "Educational Research and Analysis", "score": 0.9970999956130981, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12880", "display_name": "Qualitative Research Methods and Applications", "score": 0.9965000152587891, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12790", "display_name": "Nursing Diagnosis and Documentation", "score": 0.98089998960495, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2910", "display_name": "Issues, ethics and legal aspects"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/29", "display_name": "Nursing"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/content-analysis", "display_name": "Content analysis", "score": 0.7805231809616089}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/summative-assessment", "display_name": "Summative assessment", "score": 0.77351975440979}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/coding", "display_name": "Coding (social sciences)", "score": 0.5971511602401733}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/content", "display_name": "Content (measure theory)", "score": 0.5589942932128906}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research", "display_name": "Qualitative research", "score": 0.5190932750701904}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.512122631072998}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning", "display_name": "Meaning (existential)", "score": 0.5109125971794128}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness", "display_name": "Trustworthiness", "score": 0.4736413061618805}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-analysis", "display_name": "Qualitative analysis", "score": 0.4586153030395508}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/context", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "score": 0.4370361566543579}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation", "display_name": "Interpretation (philosophy)", "score": 0.42859983444213867}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.39756444096565247}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology", "display_name": "Social psychology", "score": 0.23486870527267456}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education", "display_name": "Mathematics education", "score": 0.18315690755844116}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/formative-assessment", "display_name": "Formative assessment", "score": 0.14998894929885864}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.1378622055053711}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.11720010638237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.10369879007339478}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science", "display_name": "Social science", "score": 0.08227095007896423}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C162446236", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137", "display_name": "Content analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.7805231809616089}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C152747807", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1854913", "display_name": "Summative assessment", "level": 3, "score": 0.77351975440979}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C179518139", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297", "display_name": "Coding (social sciences)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5971511602401733}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778152352", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061", "display_name": "Content (measure theory)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5589942932128906}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C190248442", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486", "display_name": "Qualitative research", "level": 2, "score": 0.5190932750701904}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.512122631072998}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780876879", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749", "display_name": "Meaning (existential)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5109125971794128}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153701036", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974", "display_name": "Trustworthiness", "level": 2, "score": 0.4736413061618805}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3018587665", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696", "display_name": "Qualitative analysis", "level": 3, "score": 0.4586153030395508}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4370361566543579}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C527412718", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395", "display_name": "Interpretation (philosophy)", "level": 2, "score": 0.42859983444213867}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.39756444096565247}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.23486870527267456}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C145420912", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077", "display_name": "Mathematics education", "level": 1, "score": 0.18315690755844116}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C42525527", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955", "display_name": "Formative assessment", "level": 2, "score": 0.14998894929885864}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.1378622055053711}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.11720010638237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.10369879007339478}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749", "display_name": "Social science", "level": 1, "score": 0.08227095007896423}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205", "display_name": "Paleontology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257", "display_name": "Psychotherapist", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754", "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012106", "descriptor_name": "Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012106", "descriptor_name": "Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012106", "descriptor_name": "Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013727", "descriptor_name": "Terminal Care", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013727", "descriptor_name": "Terminal Care", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013727", "descriptor_name": "Terminal Care", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D036301", "descriptor_name": "Qualitative Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D036301", "descriptor_name": "Qualitative Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D036301", "descriptor_name": "Qualitative Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1177/1049732305276687", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S32648145", "display_name": "Qualitative Health Research", "issn_l": "1049-7323", "issn": ["1049-7323", "1552-7557"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320017", "host_organization_name": "SAGE Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["SAGE Publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Qualitative Health Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:16204405", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16204405", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Qualitative health research", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 47, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W79229537", "https://openalex.org/W115394847", "https://openalex.org/W565878114", "https://openalex.org/W608669958", "https://openalex.org/W654240592", "https://openalex.org/W1499806064", "https://openalex.org/W1502456417", "https://openalex.org/W1556808170", "https://openalex.org/W1967353383", "https://openalex.org/W1970295022", "https://openalex.org/W1992577735", "https://openalex.org/W1999109642", "https://openalex.org/W2003650385", "https://openalex.org/W2006468167", "https://openalex.org/W2007299557", "https://openalex.org/W2008444575", "https://openalex.org/W2012778613", "https://openalex.org/W2016364797", "https://openalex.org/W2019461830", "https://openalex.org/W2033716624", "https://openalex.org/W2038608488", "https://openalex.org/W2038784128", "https://openalex.org/W2051233707", "https://openalex.org/W2059184135", "https://openalex.org/W2066706863", "https://openalex.org/W2068654109", "https://openalex.org/W2090981323", "https://openalex.org/W2093822481", "https://openalex.org/W2100877102", "https://openalex.org/W2140472019", "https://openalex.org/W2153222072", "https://openalex.org/W2165078174", "https://openalex.org/W2166410494", "https://openalex.org/W2231162299", "https://openalex.org/W2333134532", "https://openalex.org/W2335539866", "https://openalex.org/W2335694045", "https://openalex.org/W2415219339", "https://openalex.org/W2528342528", "https://openalex.org/W2798048785", "https://openalex.org/W2799633074", "https://openalex.org/W2938085535", "https://openalex.org/W2939473970", "https://openalex.org/W3021916629", "https://openalex.org/W3198784427", "https://openalex.org/W4235461860", "https://openalex.org/W4248450049"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3131418381", "https://openalex.org/W3198290101", "https://openalex.org/W2140472019", "https://openalex.org/W1905666390", "https://openalex.org/W3017975131", "https://openalex.org/W3014435644", "https://openalex.org/W3046963066", "https://openalex.org/W2979878699", "https://openalex.org/W1964766376", "https://openalex.org/W2965817896"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Content": [0], "analysis": [1, 19, 82, 99], "is": [2], "a": [3, 12, 79, 85], "widely": [4], "used": [5, 32], "qualitative": [6], "research": [7, 89], "technique.": [8], "Rather": [9], "than": [10], "being": [11], "single": [13], "method,": [14], "current": [15], "applications": [16], "of": [17, 39, 59, 105, 113, 137], "content": [18, 38, 67, 98], "show": [20], "three": [21, 29], "distinct": [22], "approaches:": [23], "conventional,": [24], "directed,": [25], "or": [26, 87, 107], "summative.": [27], "All": [28], "approaches": [30, 54], "are": [31, 55, 71], "to": [33, 45, 63, 123], "interpret": [34], "meaning": [35], "from": [36, 74, 134], "the": [37, 46, 53, 75, 111, 114, 135], "text": [40, 76], "data": [41], "and,": [42], "hence,": [43], "adhere": [44], "naturalistic": [47], "paradigm.": [48], "The": [49, 117], "major": [50], "differences": [51], "among": [52], "coding": [56, 69], "schemes,": [57], "origins": [58], "codes,": [60], "and": [61, 102, 126], "threats": [62], "trustworthiness.": [64], "In": [65], "conventional": [66], "analysis,": [68], "categories": [70], "derived": [72], "directly": [73], "data.": [77], "With": [78], "directed": [80], "approach,": [81], "starts": [83], "with": [84, 130], "theory": [86], "relevant": [88], "findings": [90], "as": [91], "guidance": [92], "for": [93], "initial": [94], "codes.": [95], "A": [96], "summative": [97], "involves": [100], "counting": [101], "comparisons,": [103], "usually": [104], "keywords": [106], "content,": [108], "followed": [109], "by": [110], "interpretation": [112], "underlying": [115], "context.": [116], "authors": [118], "delineate": [119], "analytic": [120], "procedures": [121], "specific": [122], "each": [124], "approach": [125], "techniques": [127], "addressing": [128], "trustworthiness": [129], "hypothetical": [131], "examples": [132], "drawn": [133], "area": [136], "end-of-life": [138], "care.": [139]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 935}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3764}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 4712}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4246}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4455}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4484}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3786}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3198}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2672}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2406}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1998}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1742}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1488}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1101}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 794}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2132322340", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x", "title": "The PHQ-9", "display_name": "The PHQ-9", "publication_year": 2001, "publication_date": "2001-09-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2132322340", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x", "mag": "2132322340", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11556941"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S116608325", "display_name": "Journal of General Internal Medicine", "issn_l": "0884-8734", "issn": ["0884-8734", "1525-1497"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of General Internal Medicine", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1495268", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5049860225", "display_name": "Kurt Kroenke", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-4669"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1324682000", "display_name": "Regenstrief Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05f2ywb48", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1324682000"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I55769427", "display_name": "Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis", "ror": "https://ror.org/05gxnyn08", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I55769427", "https://openalex.org/I592451"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Kurt Kroenke", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis 46202, USA. kkroenke@regenstrief.org", "the Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis 46202, USA. kkroenke@regenstrief.org", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1324682000", "https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "the Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5107836452", "display_name": "Robert L. Spitzer", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I78577930", "display_name": "Columbia University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hj8s172", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I33086117", "display_name": "New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05azenf09", "country_code": "US", "type": "other", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I33086117"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Robert L. Spitzer", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY", "the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I33086117", "https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5050843152", "display_name": "Janet B. W. Williams", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-2931"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I78577930", "display_name": "Columbia University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hj8s172", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Janet B. W. Williams", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5049860225"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1324682000", "https://openalex.org/I55769427"], "apc_list": {"value": 3790, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 4690}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 48.2473, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 42945, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99924113, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "16", "issue": "9", "first_page": "606", "last_page": "613"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10272", "display_name": "Mental Health Treatment and Access", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10272", "display_name": "Mental Health Treatment and Access", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11071", "display_name": "Treatment of Major Depression", "score": 0.9987999796867371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2736", "display_name": "Pharmacology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10786", "display_name": "Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum", "score": 0.9973000288009644, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2739", "display_name": "Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.8745838403701782}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-health-questionnaire", "display_name": "Patient Health Questionnaire", "score": 0.8232209086418152}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/depression", "display_name": "Depression (economics)", "score": 0.6439966559410095}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis", "display_name": "Medical diagnosis", "score": 0.5626527070999146}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health", "display_name": "Mental health", "score": 0.517525851726532}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/criterion-validity", "display_name": "Criterion validity", "score": 0.4801323115825653}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/construct-validity", "display_name": "Construct validity", "score": 0.41276198625564575}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometrics", "display_name": "Psychometrics", "score": 0.37818971276283264}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry", "display_name": "Psychiatry", "score": 0.3718184530735016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy", "display_name": "Physical therapy", "score": 0.32171630859375}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/depressive-symptoms", "display_name": "Depressive symptoms", "score": 0.3044509291648865}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology", "display_name": "Clinical psychology", "score": 0.2622867822647095}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety", "display_name": "Anxiety", "score": 0.21453112363815308}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.8745838403701782}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778529449", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778909", "display_name": "Patient Health Questionnaire", "level": 4, "score": 0.8232209086418152}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776867660", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941", "display_name": "Depression (economics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6439966559410095}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C534262118", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719", "display_name": "Medical diagnosis", "level": 2, "score": 0.5626527070999146}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134362201", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309", "display_name": "Mental health", "level": 2, "score": 0.517525851726532}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C182050348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186576", "display_name": "Criterion validity", "level": 4, "score": 0.4801323115825653}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C49453240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163", "display_name": "Construct validity", "level": 3, "score": 0.41276198625564575}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171606756", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132", "display_name": "Psychometrics", "level": 2, "score": 0.37818971276283264}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867", "display_name": "Psychiatry", "level": 1, "score": 0.3718184530735016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C1862650", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005", "display_name": "Physical therapy", "level": 1, "score": 0.32171630859375}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3019858935", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4340209", "display_name": "Depressive symptoms", "level": 3, "score": 0.3044509291648865}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70410870", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906", "display_name": "Clinical psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.2622867822647095}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C558461103", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430", "display_name": "Anxiety", "level": 2, "score": 0.21453112363815308}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680", "display_name": "Macroeconomics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003863", "descriptor_name": "Depression", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003863", "descriptor_name": "Depression", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003863", "descriptor_name": "Depression", "qualifier_ui": "Q000175", "qualifier_name": "diagnosis", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008875", "descriptor_name": "Middle Aged", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011581", "descriptor_name": "Psychological Tests", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011581", "descriptor_name": "Psychological Tests", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011581", "descriptor_name": "Psychological Tests", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011795", "descriptor_name": "Surveys and Questionnaires", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011795", "descriptor_name": "Surveys and Questionnaires", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011795", "descriptor_name": "Surveys and Questionnaires", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012720", "descriptor_name": "Severity of Illness Index", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012720", "descriptor_name": "Severity of Illness Index", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012720", "descriptor_name": "Severity of Illness Index", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015203", "descriptor_name": "Reproducibility of Results", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S116608325", "display_name": "Journal of General Internal Medicine", "issn_l": "0884-8734", "issn": ["0884-8734", "1525-1497"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of General Internal Medicine", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:11556941", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11556941", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of general internal medicine", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:301626", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1495268", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1495268", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1495268", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "J Gen Intern Med", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1495268", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1495268", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "J Gen Intern Med", "raw_type": "Text"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "display_name": "Good health and well-being", "score": 0.7599999904632568}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 31, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1496950002", "https://openalex.org/W1509190342", "https://openalex.org/W1577524338", "https://openalex.org/W1607190847", "https://openalex.org/W1966460145", "https://openalex.org/W1969030991", "https://openalex.org/W1979241956", "https://openalex.org/W1991134039", "https://openalex.org/W2022211643", "https://openalex.org/W2030706033", "https://openalex.org/W2031442248", "https://openalex.org/W2041853216", "https://openalex.org/W2043191085", "https://openalex.org/W2044362226", "https://openalex.org/W2046653339", "https://openalex.org/W2059578949", "https://openalex.org/W2067495470", "https://openalex.org/W2105751875", "https://openalex.org/W2125578473", "https://openalex.org/W2131777148", "https://openalex.org/W2131823335", "https://openalex.org/W2149991803", "https://openalex.org/W2152268161", "https://openalex.org/W2156000474", "https://openalex.org/W2156104108", "https://openalex.org/W2159369918", "https://openalex.org/W2254463529", "https://openalex.org/W2317061580", "https://openalex.org/W2472195961", "https://openalex.org/W4234072942", "https://openalex.org/W4249539254"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3093361474", "https://openalex.org/W3203911373", "https://openalex.org/W2361916762", "https://openalex.org/W2073715619", "https://openalex.org/W2157649048", "https://openalex.org/W4296330070", "https://openalex.org/W2163997017", "https://openalex.org/W3192317514", "https://openalex.org/W1964222298", "https://openalex.org/W2948473113"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1417}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 5700}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5639}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4881}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4645}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4325}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3221}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2300}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1870}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1610}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1381}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1222}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1090}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 886}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 693}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2112090702", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/30918", "title": "Collective dynamics of \u2018small-world\u2019 networks", "display_name": "Collective dynamics of \u2018small-world\u2019 networks", "publication_year": 1998, "publication_date": "1998-06-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2112090702", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/30918", "mag": "2112090702", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9623998"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/30918", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/30918", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "display_name": "Nature", "issn_l": "0028-0836", "issn": ["0028-0836", "1476-4687"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5000679279", "display_name": "Duncan J. Watts", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5005-4961"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "display_name": "Cornell University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bnh6r87", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Duncan J. Watts", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. djw24@columbia.edu", "Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. djw24@columbia.edu", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029418921", "display_name": "Steven H. Strogatz", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-3118"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "display_name": "Cornell University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bnh6r87", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Steven H. Strogatz", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, KimballHall, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853, New York, USA", "Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, KimballHall, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, KimballHall, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853, New York, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, KimballHall, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5000679279"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "apc_list": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 167.3171, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 42828, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99994315, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "393", "issue": "6684", "first_page": "440", "last_page": "442"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11187", "display_name": "Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation", "score": 0.9991000294685364, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11187", "display_name": "Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation", "score": 0.9991000294685364, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11513", "display_name": "stochastic dynamics and bifurcation", "score": 0.994700014591217, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3109", "display_name": "Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10621", "display_name": "Gene Regulatory Network Analysis", "score": 0.9944000244140625, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/small-world-network", "display_name": "Small-world network", "score": 0.6486706733703613}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.6024969816207886}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/topology", "display_name": "Topology (electrical circuits)", "score": 0.5308272242546082}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-network", "display_name": "Complex network", "score": 0.47772952914237976}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamical-systems-theory", "display_name": "Dynamical systems theory", "score": 0.46515876054763794}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/average-path-length", "display_name": "Average path length", "score": 0.44760367274284363}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-system", "display_name": "Complex system", "score": 0.44709649682044983}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology", "display_name": "Network topology", "score": 0.4312276840209961}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "score": 0.42730477452278137}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/random-graph", "display_name": "Random graph", "score": 0.4194236099720001}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/analogy", "display_name": "Analogy", "score": 0.41106054186820984}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing", "display_name": "Distributed computing", "score": 0.37224864959716797}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graph", "display_name": "Graph", "score": 0.35474473237991333}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/shortest-path-problem", "display_name": "Shortest path problem", "score": 0.3507688045501709}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.2510664463043213}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.23495134711265564}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.23088502883911133}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C183331307", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840026", "display_name": "Small-world network", "level": 3, "score": 0.6486706733703613}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6024969816207886}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C184720557", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049", "display_name": "Topology (electrical circuits)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5308272242546082}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C34947359", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189", "display_name": "Complex network", "level": 2, "score": 0.47772952914237976}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C79379906", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3174497", "display_name": "Dynamical systems theory", "level": 2, "score": 0.46515876054763794}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C91886571", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432520", "display_name": "Average path length", "level": 4, "score": 0.44760367274284363}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C47822265", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457", "display_name": "Complex system", "level": 2, "score": 0.44709649682044983}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199845137", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490", "display_name": "Network topology", "level": 2, "score": 0.4312276840209961}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C80444323", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "level": 1, "score": 0.42730477452278137}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C47458327", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910404", "display_name": "Random graph", "level": 3, "score": 0.4194236099720001}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C521332185", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816", "display_name": "Analogy", "level": 2, "score": 0.41106054186820984}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120314980", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634", "display_name": "Distributed computing", "level": 1, "score": 0.37224864959716797}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C132525143", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488", "display_name": "Graph", "level": 2, "score": 0.35474473237991333}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C22590252", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058754", "display_name": "Shortest path problem", "level": 3, "score": 0.3507688045501709}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.2510664463043213}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.23495134711265564}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.23088502883911133}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C114614502", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592", "display_name": "Combinatorics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162", "display_name": "Linguistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003141", "descriptor_name": "Communicable Diseases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003141", "descriptor_name": "Communicable Diseases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003141", "descriptor_name": "Communicable Diseases", "qualifier_ui": "Q000635", "qualifier_name": "transmission", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005717", "descriptor_name": "Games, Experimental", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005717", "descriptor_name": "Games, Experimental", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005717", "descriptor_name": "Games, Experimental", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008954", "descriptor_name": "Models, Biological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008954", "descriptor_name": "Models, Biological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008954", "descriptor_name": "Models, Biological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008959", "descriptor_name": "Models, Neurological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008959", "descriptor_name": "Models, Neurological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008959", "descriptor_name": "Models, Neurological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008962", "descriptor_name": "Models, Theoretical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008962", "descriptor_name": "Models, Theoretical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008962", "descriptor_name": "Models, Theoretical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009415", "descriptor_name": "Nerve Net", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009415", "descriptor_name": "Nerve Net", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009415", "descriptor_name": "Nerve Net", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017173", "descriptor_name": "Caenorhabditis elegans", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017173", "descriptor_name": "Caenorhabditis elegans", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017173", "descriptor_name": "Caenorhabditis elegans", "qualifier_ui": "Q000502", "qualifier_name": "physiology", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/30918", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/30918", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "display_name": "Nature", "issn_l": "0028-0836", "issn": ["0028-0836", "1476-4687"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:9623998", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9623998", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04925310v1", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://hal.science/hal-04925310", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4406922466", "display_name": "SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature, 1998, 393 (6684), pp.440-442. &#x27E8;10.1038/30918&#x27E9;", "raw_type": "Journal articles"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nature:v:393:y:1998:i:6684:d:10.1038_30918", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/30918", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I77793887", "host_organization_name": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I77793887"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 31, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W111157985", "https://openalex.org/W201336350", "https://openalex.org/W584762224", "https://openalex.org/W653349970", "https://openalex.org/W950821216", "https://openalex.org/W1481272997", "https://openalex.org/W1500530370", "https://openalex.org/W1573579329", "https://openalex.org/W1971224531", "https://openalex.org/W1977647222", "https://openalex.org/W1979723177", "https://openalex.org/W1994697081", "https://openalex.org/W2005685693", "https://openalex.org/W2014661756", "https://openalex.org/W2017444605", "https://openalex.org/W2020173888", "https://openalex.org/W2025490132", "https://openalex.org/W2026552514", "https://openalex.org/W2034743991", "https://openalex.org/W2061901927", "https://openalex.org/W2062663664", "https://openalex.org/W2075744492", "https://openalex.org/W2079948225", "https://openalex.org/W2088678566", "https://openalex.org/W2093114344", "https://openalex.org/W2134831808", "https://openalex.org/W2327049868", "https://openalex.org/W2905110430", "https://openalex.org/W3049667020", "https://openalex.org/W4229876211", "https://openalex.org/W4243845907"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2088831353", "https://openalex.org/W2897428951", "https://openalex.org/W2387685701", "https://openalex.org/W2593182287", "https://openalex.org/W1979477222", "https://openalex.org/W2565653726", "https://openalex.org/W3099293897", "https://openalex.org/W2371887819", "https://openalex.org/W2968792619", "https://openalex.org/W2379657816"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 398}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1843}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1801}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1919}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2082}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2384}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2335}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2198}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2245}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2232}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2263}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2322}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2447}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2219}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2150}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2159306398", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02310555", "title": "Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests", "display_name": "Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests", "publication_year": 1951, "publication_date": "1951-09-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2159306398", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02310555", "mag": "2159306398"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/bf02310555", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02310555", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02310555.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S186480540", "display_name": "Psychometrika", "issn_l": "0033-3123", "issn": ["0033-3123", "1860-0980"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Psychometrika", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02310555.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024894593", "display_name": "Lee J. Cronbach", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801919071", "display_name": "University of Illinois System", "ror": "https://ror.org/05e94g991", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Lee J. Cronbach", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Illinois, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Illinois, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5024894593"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"], "apc_list": {"value": 2190, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 2790}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 14.7333, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 42674, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99092971, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "16", "issue": "3", "first_page": "297", "last_page": "334"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10467", "display_name": "Psychometric Methodologies and Testing", "score": 0.992900013923645, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10467", "display_name": "Psychometric Methodologies and Testing", "score": 0.992900013923645, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13748", "display_name": "Advanced Statistical Modeling Techniques", "score": 0.9914000034332275, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11871", "display_name": "Advanced Statistical Methods and Models", "score": 0.9498999714851379, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/guttman-scale", "display_name": "Guttman scale", "score": 0.8825186491012573}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.7183713912963867}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.6912470459938049}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence", "display_name": "Equivalence (formal languages)", "score": 0.682934582233429}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/homogeneity", "display_name": "Homogeneity (statistics)", "score": 0.5614259243011475}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability", "display_name": "Interpretability", "score": 0.560084879398346}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometrics", "display_name": "Psychometrics", "score": 0.4780372083187103}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation", "display_name": "Correlation", "score": 0.4295235574245453}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics", "display_name": "Pure mathematics", "score": 0.18078643083572388}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.117308109998703}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry", "display_name": "Geometry", "score": 0.08456683158874512}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C96715788", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304639", "display_name": "Guttman scale", "level": 2, "score": 0.8825186491012573}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.7183713912963867}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.6912470459938049}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780069185", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945", "display_name": "Equivalence (formal languages)", "level": 2, "score": 0.682934582233429}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142259097", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891314", "display_name": "Homogeneity (statistics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5614259243011475}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781067378", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399", "display_name": "Interpretability", "level": 2, "score": 0.560084879398346}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171606756", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132", "display_name": "Psychometrics", "level": 2, "score": 0.4780372083187103}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C117220453", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842", "display_name": "Correlation", "level": 2, "score": 0.4295235574245453}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C202444582", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863", "display_name": "Pure mathematics", "level": 1, "score": 0.18078643083572388}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.117308109998703}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.08456683158874512}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1007/bf02310555", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02310555", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02310555.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S186480540", "display_name": "Psychometrika", "issn_l": "0033-3123", "issn": ["0033-3123", "1860-0980"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Psychometrika", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:repository.ucatolica.edu.co:10983/2196", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10983/2196", "pdf_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10983/2196", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401505", "display_name": "Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Colombia (Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Colombia)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.452.6417", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.452.6417", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://psych.colorado.edu/~carey/Courses/PSYC5112/Readings/alpha_Cronbach.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:psycho:v:16:y:1951:i:3:p:297-334", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/BF02310555", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401271", "display_name": "RePEc: Research Papers in Economics", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I77793887", "host_organization_name": "Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I77793887"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:dialnet.unirioja.es:ART0000885158", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=5300557", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401293", "display_name": "Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I3032752892", "host_organization_name": "Universidad Internacional de La Rioja", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I3032752892"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "International Journal of Psychological Research, ISSN 2011-2084, Vol. 9, N\u00ba. 1, 2016, pags. 52-63", "raw_type": "text (article)"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/bf02310555", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02310555", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02310555.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S186480540", "display_name": "Psychometrika", "issn_l": "0033-3123", "issn": ["0033-3123", "1860-0980"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Psychometrika", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2159306398.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2159306398.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 43, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W315024740", "https://openalex.org/W1590545576", "https://openalex.org/W1715554096", "https://openalex.org/W1968439435", "https://openalex.org/W1981762338", "https://openalex.org/W1987916517", "https://openalex.org/W1992984099", "https://openalex.org/W1995875735", "https://openalex.org/W2003367638", "https://openalex.org/W2012006095", "https://openalex.org/W2014059343", "https://openalex.org/W2018916602", "https://openalex.org/W2020568606", "https://openalex.org/W2021473320", "https://openalex.org/W2028944185", "https://openalex.org/W2032760400", "https://openalex.org/W2036090441", "https://openalex.org/W2041905826", "https://openalex.org/W2046800281", "https://openalex.org/W2048109933", "https://openalex.org/W2052774469", "https://openalex.org/W2054388311", "https://openalex.org/W2058117181", "https://openalex.org/W2059043574", "https://openalex.org/W2060904276", "https://openalex.org/W2067684002", "https://openalex.org/W2080797660", "https://openalex.org/W2088078019", "https://openalex.org/W2092845971", "https://openalex.org/W2093349432", "https://openalex.org/W2094993298", "https://openalex.org/W2149023664", "https://openalex.org/W2312491176", "https://openalex.org/W2316560968", "https://openalex.org/W2332097532", "https://openalex.org/W2403775809", "https://openalex.org/W2477467298", "https://openalex.org/W2993383518", "https://openalex.org/W3214195910", "https://openalex.org/W4206375976", "https://openalex.org/W4233249770", "https://openalex.org/W6682289035", "https://openalex.org/W6797530555"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2905433371", "https://openalex.org/W4390569940", "https://openalex.org/W64434043", "https://openalex.org/W4361193272", "https://openalex.org/W4310278675", "https://openalex.org/W4388422664", "https://openalex.org/W2806259446", "https://openalex.org/W2963326959", "https://openalex.org/W4247136043", "https://openalex.org/W2125516453"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"A": [0], "general": [1], "formula": [2], "(": [3], "\u03b1": [4, 34, 58, 113], ")": [5], "of": [6, 15, 23, 31, 39, 46, 51, 66, 74, 121, 143, 151], "which": [7], "a": [8, 32, 49, 170, 175], "special": [9], "case": [10], "is": [11, 17, 35, 59, 115, 125, 153, 173], "the": [12, 21, 40, 56, 75, 79, 92, 128, 157], "Kuder-Richardson": [13], "coefficient": [14], "equivalence": [16, 67], "shown": [18, 116, 137], "to": [19, 61, 117, 127, 138], "be": [20, 62, 87, 118, 139], "mean": [22], "all": [24], "split-half": [25], "coefficients": [26, 135], "resulting": [27], "from": [28, 48, 112], "different": [29], "splittings": [30], "test.": [33, 57, 80], "therefore": [36], "an": [37, 63, 119], "estimate": [38], "correlation": [41], "between": [42], "two": [43], "random": [44], "samples": [45], "items": [47, 52], "universe": [50], "like": [53], "those": [54], "in": [55, 78, 160], "found": [60], "appropriate": [64], "index": [65, 95, 120], "and,": [68], "except": [69], "for": [70, 141], "very": [71], "short": [72], "tests,": [73, 148], "first-factor": [76, 158], "concentration": [77, 159], "Tests": [81], "divisible": [82], "into": [83], "distinct": [84], "subtests": [85], "should": [86], "so": [88], "divided": [89], "before": [90], "using": [91], "formula.": [93], "The": [94], "\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}": [96], "\\usepackage{amsmath}": [97], "\\usepackage{wasysym}": [98], "\\usepackage{amsfonts}": [99], "\\usepackage{amssymb}": [100], "\\usepackage{amsbsy}": [101], "\\usepackage{mathrsfs}": [102], "\\usepackage{upgreek}": [103], "\\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}": [104], "\\begin{document}": [105], "$$\\bar": [106], "r_{ij}": [107], "$$": [108], "\\end{document}": [109], ",": [110, 114], "derived": [111], "inter-item": [122], "homogeneity.": [123], "Comparison": [124], "made": [126], "Guttman": [129], "and": [130, 164], "Loevinger": [131], "approaches.": [132], "Parallel": [133], "split": [134], "are": [136], "unnecessary": [140], "tests": [142], "common": [144], "types.": [145], "In": [146], "designing": [147], "maximum": [149], "interpretability": [150], "scores": [152], "obtained": [154], "by": [155], "increasing": [156], "any": [161], "separately-scored": [162], "subtest": [163], "avoiding": [165], "substantial": [166], "group-factor": [167], "clusters": [168], "within": [169], "subtest.": [171], "Scalability": [172], "not": [174], "requisite.": [176]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 512}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2236}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2481}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2495}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2334}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2457}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2200}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1890}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1768}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1544}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1598}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1705}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1604}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1580}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1425}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2133059825", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1979.4310076", "title": "A Threshold Selection Method from Gray-Level Histograms", "display_name": "A Threshold Selection Method from Gray-Level Histograms", "publication_year": 1979, "publication_date": "1979-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2133059825", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1979.4310076", "mag": "2133059825"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/tsmc.1979.4310076", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1979.4310076", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S76152103", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics", "issn_l": "0018-9472", "issn": ["0018-9472", "2168-2909"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5112431155", "display_name": "Nobuyuki Otsu", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Nobuyuki Otsu", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5112431155"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 4.9733, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 42649, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.9537037, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "9", "issue": "1", "first_page": "62", "last_page": "66"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10057", "display_name": "Face and Expression Recognition", "score": 0.4799000024795532, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10057", "display_name": "Face and Expression Recognition", "score": 0.4799000024795532, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12111", "display_name": "Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection", "score": 0.46970000863075256, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2209", "display_name": "Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.4092000126838684, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gray", "display_name": "Gray (unit)", "score": 0.84427809715271}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram", "display_name": "Histogram", "score": 0.5872951149940491}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5160581469535828}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/selection", "display_name": "Selection (genetic algorithm)", "score": 0.5052116513252258}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.492060124874115}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gray-level", "display_name": "Gray level", "score": 0.4614632725715637}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.4574103355407715}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.1696760356426239}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine", "display_name": "Nuclear medicine", "score": 0.07700186967849731}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel", "display_name": "Pixel", "score": 0.07396930456161499}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "score": 0.044025421142578125}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C166275286", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190095", "display_name": "Gray (unit)", "level": 2, "score": 0.84427809715271}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C53533937", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020", "display_name": "Histogram", "level": 3, "score": 0.5872951149940491}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5160581469535828}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C81917197", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760", "display_name": "Selection (genetic algorithm)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5052116513252258}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.492060124874115}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2985861186", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727", "display_name": "Gray level", "level": 3, "score": 0.4614632725715637}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4574103355407715}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.1696760356426239}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2989005", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963", "display_name": "Nuclear medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.07700186967849731}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C160633673", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198", "display_name": "Pixel", "level": 2, "score": 0.07396930456161499}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115961682", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.044025421142578125}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1109/tsmc.1979.4310076", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1979.4310076", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S76152103", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics", "issn_l": "0018-9472", "issn": ["0018-9472", "2168-2909"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2", "display_name": "Zero hunger", "score": 0.550000011920929}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 5, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1978818813", "https://openalex.org/W2021511865", "https://openalex.org/W2042342673", "https://openalex.org/W2063751786", "https://openalex.org/W2137199074"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2022419910", "https://openalex.org/W2808615211", "https://openalex.org/W4246259471", "https://openalex.org/W4239226046", "https://openalex.org/W4246457037", "https://openalex.org/W4242705089", "https://openalex.org/W3044709448", "https://openalex.org/W3152295696", "https://openalex.org/W2072843106", "https://openalex.org/W2997826139"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 466}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2587}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2993}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3065}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3029}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3206}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2860}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2857}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2478}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2385}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2117}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2120}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1964}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1752}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1569}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2018858346", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/354056a0", "title": "Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon", "display_name": "Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon", "publication_year": 1991, "publication_date": "1991-11-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2018858346", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/354056a0", "mag": "2018858346"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/354056a0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/354056a0", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "display_name": "Nature", "issn_l": "0028-0836", "issn": ["0028-0836", "1476-4687"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079749826", "display_name": "Sumio Iijima", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5857-0346"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I118347220", "display_name": "NEC (Japan)", "ror": "https://ror.org/04jndar25", "country_code": "JP", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I118347220"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Sumio Iijima", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["NEC Corporation, Fundamental Research Laboratories, 34 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan https://www.nature.com/nature", "NEC Corporation, Fundamental Research Laboratories, 34 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305, Japan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "NEC Corporation, Fundamental Research Laboratories, 34 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan https://www.nature.com/nature", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I118347220"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "NEC Corporation, Fundamental Research Laboratories, 34 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I118347220"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5079749826"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I118347220"], "apc_list": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 143.2457, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 42621, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99986859, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "354", "issue": "6348", "first_page": "56", "last_page": "58"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10956", "display_name": "Fullerene Chemistry and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1605", "display_name": "Organic Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10956", "display_name": "Fullerene Chemistry and Applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1605", "display_name": "Organic Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10074", "display_name": "Carbon Nanotubes in Composites", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10083", "display_name": "Graphene research and applications", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-nanotube", "display_name": "Carbon nanotube", "score": 0.7327455282211304}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-arc-welding", "display_name": "Carbon arc welding", "score": 0.7230772972106934}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/fullerene", "display_name": "Fullerene", "score": 0.6975291967391968}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fibers", "display_name": "Carbon fibers", "score": 0.6862542629241943}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.6115267276763916}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.5985826253890991}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microelectronics", "display_name": "Microelectronics", "score": 0.5769439935684204}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tube", "display_name": "Tube (container)", "score": 0.5707806944847107}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/coaxial", "display_name": "Coaxial", "score": 0.5534682869911194}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/evaporation", "display_name": "Evaporation", "score": 0.5257918834686279}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-arc", "display_name": "Electric arc", "score": 0.51547771692276}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-microscope", "display_name": "Electron microscope", "score": 0.47764599323272705}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene", "display_name": "Graphene", "score": 0.4626738727092743}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanometre", "display_name": "Nanometre", "score": 0.4406457841396332}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graphite", "display_name": "Graphite", "score": 0.41975176334381104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material", "display_name": "Composite material", "score": 0.30396580696105957}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode", "display_name": "Electrode", "score": 0.2504799962043762}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.21531575918197632}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microstructure", "display_name": "Microstructure", "score": 0.14506033062934875}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.13453054428100586}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/optics", "display_name": "Optics", "score": 0.13216042518615723}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C513720949", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778729", "display_name": "Carbon nanotube", "level": 2, "score": 0.7327455282211304}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C38766315", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5037937", "display_name": "Carbon arc welding", "level": 5, "score": 0.7230772972106934}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162862793", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178026", "display_name": "Fullerene", "level": 2, "score": 0.6975291967391968}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C140205800", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860", "display_name": "Carbon fibers", "level": 3, "score": 0.6862542629241943}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6115267276763916}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5985826253890991}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C187937830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175403", "display_name": "Microelectronics", "level": 2, "score": 0.5769439935684204}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777551473", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2093072", "display_name": "Tube (container)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5707806944847107}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C51221625", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751466", "display_name": "Coaxial", "level": 2, "score": 0.5534682869911194}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C61441594", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132814", "display_name": "Evaporation", "level": 2, "score": 0.5257918834686279}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C114375839", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207456", "display_name": "Electric arc", "level": 3, "score": 0.51547771692276}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C93877712", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132560", "display_name": "Electron microscope", "level": 2, "score": 0.47764599323272705}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C30080830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917", "display_name": "Graphene", "level": 2, "score": 0.4626738727092743}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77066764", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178674", "display_name": "Nanometre", "level": 2, "score": 0.4406457841396332}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779698641", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5309", "display_name": "Graphite", "level": 2, "score": 0.41975176334381104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790", "display_name": "Composite material", "level": 1, "score": 0.30396580696105957}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17525397", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140", "display_name": "Electrode", "level": 2, "score": 0.2504799962043762}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.21531575918197632}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C87976508", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213", "display_name": "Microstructure", "level": 2, "score": 0.14506033062934875}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.13453054428100586}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.13216042518615723}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119599485", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035", "display_name": "Electrical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C97355855", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147789679", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372", "display_name": "Physical chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104779481", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707", "display_name": "Composite number", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177250429", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491699", "display_name": "Shielding gas", "level": 4, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C146868986", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2137729", "display_name": "Heat-affected zone", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/354056a0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/354056a0", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S137773608", "display_name": "Nature", "issn_l": "0028-0836", "issn": ["0028-0836", "1476-4687"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 11, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W11476871", "https://openalex.org/W1964869747", "https://openalex.org/W1969503686", "https://openalex.org/W1981927000", "https://openalex.org/W1984998017", "https://openalex.org/W2017712799", "https://openalex.org/W2025668430", "https://openalex.org/W2067964664", "https://openalex.org/W2088513148", "https://openalex.org/W2090424147", "https://openalex.org/W2143165494"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2114241550", "https://openalex.org/W2009198047", "https://openalex.org/W839596417", "https://openalex.org/W3112999905", "https://openalex.org/W4311832601", "https://openalex.org/W2036657729", "https://openalex.org/W2131657094", "https://openalex.org/W2313821579", "https://openalex.org/W2011721001", "https://openalex.org/W1968522583"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 203}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 958}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1144}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1270}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1416}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1499}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1594}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1611}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1636}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1694}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1786}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1870}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2028}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2259}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2189}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2009435671", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3802723", "title": "Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach", "display_name": "Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach", "publication_year": 2003, "publication_date": "2003-07-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2009435671", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3802723", "mag": "2009435671"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.2307/3802723", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3802723", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S72902805", "display_name": "Journal of Wildlife Management", "issn_l": "0022-541X", "issn": ["0022-541X", "1937-2817"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of Wildlife Management", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3802723", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5000736765", "display_name": "Fred S. Guthery", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Fred S. Guthery", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109108037", "display_name": "Kenneth P. Burnham", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kenneth P. Burnham", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101944629", "display_name": "David Anderson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-2553"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David R. Anderson", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5000736765"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": {"value": 4070, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4070}, "apc_paid": {"value": 4070, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4070}, "fwci": 901.7658, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 42169, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "67", "issue": "3", "first_page": "655", "last_page": "655"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.06989999860525131, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.06989999860525131, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14351", "display_name": "Statistical and Computational Modeling", "score": 0.06599999964237213, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11890", "display_name": "Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation", "score": 0.06129999831318855, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/selection", "display_name": "Selection (genetic algorithm)", "score": 0.6810793876647949}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/inference", "display_name": "Inference", "score": 0.6478337049484253}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5495407581329346}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/model-selection", "display_name": "Model selection", "score": 0.42232805490493774}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.3728322982788086}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C81917197", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760", "display_name": "Selection (genetic algorithm)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6810793876647949}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776214188", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386", "display_name": "Inference", "level": 2, "score": 0.6478337049484253}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5495407581329346}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C93959086", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888345", "display_name": "Model selection", "level": 2, "score": 0.42232805490493774}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.3728322982788086}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.2307/3802723", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3802723", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S72902805", "display_name": "Journal of Wildlife Management", "issn_l": "0022-541X", "issn": ["0022-541X", "1937-2817"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of Wildlife Management", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.2307/3802723", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3802723", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S72902805", "display_name": "Journal of Wildlife Management", "issn_l": "0022-541X", "issn": ["0022-541X", "1937-2817"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of Wildlife Management", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2606073172", "https://openalex.org/W2125356288", "https://openalex.org/W2128302072", "https://openalex.org/W2970622411", "https://openalex.org/W3040895194", "https://openalex.org/W2182310186", "https://openalex.org/W4381571012", "https://openalex.org/W2734397754", "https://openalex.org/W2022943305", "https://openalex.org/W2074059311"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Introduction": [0], "*": [1, 13, 20, 31, 38, 44], "Information": [2], "and": [3, 11, 35, 41], "Likelihood": [4], "Theory:": [5], "A": [6], "Basis": [7], "for": [8], "Model": [9], "Selection": [10], "Inference": [12, 22, 29], "Basic": [14], "Use": [15], "of": [16], "the": [17], "Information-Theoretic": [18], "Approach": [19], "Formal": [21], "From": [23], "More": [24], "Than": [25], "One": [26], "Model:": [27], "Multi-Model": [28], "(MMI)": [30], "Monte": [32], "Carlo": [33], "Insights": [34], "Extended": [36], "Examples": [37], "Statistical": [39], "Theory": [40], "Numerical": [42], "Results": [43], "Summary": [45]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 5}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 853}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1275}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1412}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1720}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2634}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2708}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2800}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2608}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2745}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2855}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3011}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2944}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2612}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2290}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2146512944", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv007", "title": "limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies", "display_name": "limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies", "publication_year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-01-20", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2146512944", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv007", "mag": "2146512944", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25605792"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/gkv007", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv007", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/43/7/e47/7207289/gkv007.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "datacite", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "gold", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/43/7/e47/7207289/gkv007.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015434839", "display_name": "Matthew E. Ritchie", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7383-0609"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165779595", "display_name": "University of Melbourne", "ror": "https://ror.org/01ej9dk98", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I196021976", "display_name": "Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/01b6kha49", "country_code": "AU", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I196021976"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Matthew E. Ritchie", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia", "Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia", "Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I196021976"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027183726", "display_name": "Belinda Phipson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1711-7454"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1321649718", "display_name": "Royal Children's Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/02rktxt32", "country_code": "AU", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1321649718"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210150290", "display_name": "Murdoch Children's Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/048fyec77", "country_code": "AU", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210150290"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Belinda Phipson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1321649718", "https://openalex.org/I4210150290"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101454129", "display_name": "Di Wu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8331-2357"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I136199984", "display_name": "Harvard University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03vek6s52", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Di Wu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Statistics, Harvard University, 1 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-2901, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Statistics, Harvard University, 1 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-2901, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102946135", "display_name": "Yifang Hu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8200-0052"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I196021976", "display_name": "Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/01b6kha49", "country_code": "AU", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I196021976"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yifang Hu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I196021976"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5006353479", "display_name": "Charity W. Law", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-6814"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I202697423", "display_name": "University of Zurich", "ror": "https://ror.org/02crff812", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Charity W. Law", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076240767", "display_name": "Wei Shi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1182-7735"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165779595", "display_name": "University of Melbourne", "ror": "https://ror.org/01ej9dk98", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I196021976", "display_name": "Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/01b6kha49", "country_code": "AU", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I196021976"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wei Shi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia", "Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia", "Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I196021976"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5054704071", "display_name": "Gordon K. Smyth", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9221-2892"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I196021976", "display_name": "Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/01b6kha49", "country_code": "AU", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I196021976"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I165779595", "display_name": "University of Melbourne", "ror": "https://ror.org/01ej9dk98", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Gordon K. Smyth", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia smyth@wehi.edu.au", "Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia", "Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia smyth@wehi.edu.au", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I196021976"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 3, "institutions_distinct_count": 7, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5054704071"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165779595", "https://openalex.org/I196021976"], "apc_list": {"value": 3630, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3630}, "apc_paid": {"value": 3630, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3630}, "fwci": 597.6899, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 41938, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "43", "issue": "7", "first_page": "e47", "last_page": "e47"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11970", "display_name": "Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11970", "display_name": "Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10885", "display_name": "Gene expression and cancer classification", "score": 0.9991000294685364, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10604", "display_name": "RNA Research and Splicing", "score": 0.9988999962806702, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.7850059866905212}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bioconductor", "display_name": "Bioconductor", "score": 0.7602983713150024}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.5245012044906616}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-microarray", "display_name": "DNA microarray", "score": 0.5161619782447815}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microarray-analysis-techniques", "display_name": "Microarray analysis techniques", "score": 0.4967110753059387}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-chip-analysis", "display_name": "Gene chip analysis", "score": 0.4920177161693573}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/expression", "display_name": "Expression (computer science)", "score": 0.42569592595100403}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining", "display_name": "Data mining", "score": 0.37824398279190063}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression", "display_name": "Gene expression", "score": 0.36390072107315063}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.3326911926269531}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.3221820592880249}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.24341070652008057}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.7850059866905212}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779694297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2888953", "display_name": "Bioconductor", "level": 3, "score": 0.7602983713150024}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5245012044906616}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95371953", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591745", "display_name": "DNA microarray", "level": 4, "score": 0.5161619782447815}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8415881", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839217", "display_name": "Microarray analysis techniques", "level": 4, "score": 0.4967110753059387}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C24361400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839217", "display_name": "Gene chip analysis", "level": 5, "score": 0.4920177161693573}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C90559484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379", "display_name": "Expression (computer science)", "level": 2, "score": 0.42569592595100403}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.37824398279190063}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C150194340", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972", "display_name": "Gene expression", "level": 3, "score": 0.36390072107315063}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3326911926269531}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.3221820592880249}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.24341070652008057}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D005786", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression Regulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005786", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression Regulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005786", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression Regulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017423", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, RNA", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017423", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, RNA", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017423", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, RNA", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020411", "descriptor_name": "Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020411", "descriptor_name": "Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020411", "descriptor_name": "Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 9, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/gkv007", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv007", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/43/7/e47/7207289/gkv007.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:25605792", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25605792", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic acids research", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/14036813", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": "https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Limma_powers_differential_expression_analyses_for_RNA-sequencing_and_microarray_studies/14036813", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196282", "display_name": "Figshare", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4210132348", "host_organization_name": "Figshare (United Kingdom)", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/263365", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/11343/263365", "pdf_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/11343/263365", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196259", "display_name": "Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I165779595", "host_organization_name": "The University of Melbourne", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165779595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Journal Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/15034877", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:15034877", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401540", "display_name": "Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I136199984", "host_organization_name": "Harvard University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Journal Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1005.5499", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1005.5499", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/15034877/4402510.pdf?sequence%3D1", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4402510", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4402510", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Res", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "doi:10.26181/6046c83cd9a89", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.26181/6046c83cd9a89", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407052018", "display_name": "La Trobe University", "issn_l": null, "issn": [], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article-journal"}, {"id": "doi:10.5167/uzh-155268", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-155268", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407051291", "display_name": "Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich, ZORA", "issn_l": null, "issn": [], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "article-journal"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/gkv007", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv007", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/43/7/e47/7207289/gkv007.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G118061582", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "IRIIS", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334705", "funder_display_name": "National Health and Medical Research Council"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1254732888", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "1054618", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334705", "funder_display_name": "National Health and Medical Research Council"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6489691250", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "IRIISS", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334705", "funder_display_name": "National Health and Medical Research Council"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8031140566", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "1023454", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334705", "funder_display_name": "National Health and Medical Research Council"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320315885", "display_name": "Australian Government", "ror": "https://ror.org/0314h5y94"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334626", "display_name": "Medical Research Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/03x94j517"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334705", "display_name": "National Health and Medical Research Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/011kf5r70"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2146512944.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 95, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W206290877", "https://openalex.org/W612420418", "https://openalex.org/W641275596", "https://openalex.org/W1520411860", "https://openalex.org/W1524671351", "https://openalex.org/W1533335653", "https://openalex.org/W1546952499", "https://openalex.org/W1570746489", "https://openalex.org/W1591275079", "https://openalex.org/W1593470657", "https://openalex.org/W1649167417", "https://openalex.org/W1779730050", "https://openalex.org/W1789015559", "https://openalex.org/W1911245058", "https://openalex.org/W1963480915", "https://openalex.org/W1978103519", "https://openalex.org/W1978326072", "https://openalex.org/W1983607152", "https://openalex.org/W1987167495", "https://openalex.org/W1988541647", "https://openalex.org/W1991091089", "https://openalex.org/W1992451590", "https://openalex.org/W1999574084", "https://openalex.org/W2002134496", "https://openalex.org/W2010457001", "https://openalex.org/W2013444425", "https://openalex.org/W2015795623", "https://openalex.org/W2023784669", "https://openalex.org/W2024425375", "https://openalex.org/W2024748060", "https://openalex.org/W2027455260", "https://openalex.org/W2044158404", "https://openalex.org/W2046417042", "https://openalex.org/W2052565759", "https://openalex.org/W2056696298", "https://openalex.org/W2058320302", "https://openalex.org/W2064397275", "https://openalex.org/W2065311047", "https://openalex.org/W2068703118", "https://openalex.org/W2070494252", "https://openalex.org/W2071650644", "https://openalex.org/W2072857774", "https://openalex.org/W2081098333", "https://openalex.org/W2084533385", "https://openalex.org/W2095900642", "https://openalex.org/W2100668965", "https://openalex.org/W2101163066", "https://openalex.org/W2103017472", "https://openalex.org/W2106840507", "https://openalex.org/W2107018762", "https://openalex.org/W2107060225", "https://openalex.org/W2107706017", "https://openalex.org/W2110065044", "https://openalex.org/W2110905563", "https://openalex.org/W2112220625", "https://openalex.org/W2114104545", "https://openalex.org/W2117963341", "https://openalex.org/W2118373398", "https://openalex.org/W2120865735", "https://openalex.org/W2123106337", "https://openalex.org/W2124681904", "https://openalex.org/W2125037436", "https://openalex.org/W2126398084", "https://openalex.org/W2130410032", "https://openalex.org/W2134526812", "https://openalex.org/W2134736660", "https://openalex.org/W2135891958", "https://openalex.org/W2137162822", "https://openalex.org/W2137526110", "https://openalex.org/W2138207763", "https://openalex.org/W2138937646", "https://openalex.org/W2140774750", "https://openalex.org/W2140932047", "https://openalex.org/W2141407136", "https://openalex.org/W2142415307", "https://openalex.org/W2143303281", "https://openalex.org/W2152147743", "https://openalex.org/W2153583721", "https://openalex.org/W2158226173", "https://openalex.org/W2158378675", "https://openalex.org/W2160697532", "https://openalex.org/W2160779973", "https://openalex.org/W2164216268", "https://openalex.org/W2170219300", "https://openalex.org/W2582743722", "https://openalex.org/W2611736676", "https://openalex.org/W2911935186", "https://openalex.org/W2927772609", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W6608339261", "https://openalex.org/W6618923836", "https://openalex.org/W6631153645", "https://openalex.org/W6668696247", "https://openalex.org/W6680991062", "https://openalex.org/W6688171001"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1536722219", "https://openalex.org/W1971329594", "https://openalex.org/W2594878638", "https://openalex.org/W2005263238", "https://openalex.org/W142111944", "https://openalex.org/W2412120523", "https://openalex.org/W170658859", "https://openalex.org/W2490137852", "https://openalex.org/W3023720143", "https://openalex.org/W4310366902"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"limma": [0, 43, 79, 194], "is": [1, 141], "an": [2, 8, 203], "R/Bioconductor": [3], "software": [4], "package": [5, 63, 90, 140], "that": [6, 210], "provides": [7, 175], "integrated": [9], "solution": [10], "for": [11, 22, 28, 49, 68, 119, 178], "analysing": [12, 157], "data": [13, 115, 133], "from": [14], "gene": [15, 50, 182], "expression": [16, 54, 96, 150, 158, 172, 183], "experiments.": [17], "It": [18], "contains": [19, 64], "rich": [20], "features": [21, 209], "handling": [23], "complex": [24], "experimental": [25], "designs": [26], "and": [27, 58, 71, 97, 131, 190, 199, 208], "information": [29], "borrowing": [30], "to": [31, 113, 127, 144], "overcome": [32], "the": [33, 40, 76, 89, 107, 139, 147, 188, 193], "problem": [34], "of": [35, 56, 78, 101, 155, 162, 165, 170, 181, 192], "small": [36], "sample": [37], "sizes.": [38], "Over": [39], "past": [41, 146], "decade,": [42], "has": [44], "been": [45, 81, 213], "a": [46, 153], "popular": [47], "choice": [48], "discovery": [51], "through": [52], "differential": [53, 95, 98], "analyses": [55, 100, 151], "microarray": [57, 114, 132], "high-throughput": [59], "PCR": [60], "data.": [61, 74, 105], "The": [62], "particularly": [65], "strong": [66], "facilities": [67], "reading,": [69], "normalizing": [70], "exploring": [72], "such": [73], "Recently,": [75], "capabilities": [77, 124], "have": [80, 211], "significantly": [82], "expanded": [83], "in": [84, 152, 160, 168], "two": [85], "important": [86], "directions.": [87], "First,": [88], "can": [91], "now": [92, 117, 142], "perform": [93], "both": [94, 129, 197], "splicing": [99], "RNA": [102], "sequencing": [103], "(RNA-seq)": [104], "All": [106], "downstream": [108], "analysis": [109], "tools": [110], "previously": [111, 214], "restricted": [112], "are": [116], "available": [118], "RNA-seq": [120, 130], "as": [121], "well.": [122], "These": [123], "allow": [125], "users": [126], "analyse": [128], "with": [134, 202], "very": [135], "similar": [136], "pipelines.": [137], "Second,": [138], "able": [143], "go": [145], "traditional": [148], "gene-wise": [149], "variety": [154], "ways,": [156], "profiles": [159], "terms": [161, 169], "co-regulated": [163], "sets": [164], "genes": [166], "or": [167], "higher-order": [171], "signatures.": [173], "This": [174, 185], "enhanced": [176], "possibilities": [177], "biological": [179], "interpretation": [180], "differences.": [184], "article": [186], "reviews": [187], "philosophy": [189], "design": [191], "package,": [195], "summarizing": [196], "new": [198], "historical": [200], "features,": [201], "emphasis": [204], "on": [205], "recent": [206], "enhancements": [207], "not": [212], "described.": [215]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1394}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 5788}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 6962}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6040}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5935}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5350}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4010}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2486}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1736}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1279}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 712}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 218}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4292808503", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191", "title": "Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.", "display_name": "Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.", "publication_year": 1977, "publication_date": "1977-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4292808503", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S35223124", "display_name": "Psychological Review", "issn_l": "0033-295X", "issn": ["0033-295X", "1939-1471"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320262", "host_organization_name": "American Psychological Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Psychological Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Psychological Review", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://doaj.org/article/ccb9da1c287e4fc889803ed90e077385", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Albert Bandura", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I29617571", "display_name": "University of Indonesia", "ror": "https://ror.org/0116zj450", "country_code": "ID", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]}], "countries": ["ID"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Albert Bandura", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I29617571"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 336.5903, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 41665, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "84", "issue": "2", "first_page": "191", "last_page": "215"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12196", "display_name": "Community Health and Development", "score": 0.3962000012397766, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3600", "display_name": "General Health Professions"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/36", "display_name": "Health Professions"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12196", "display_name": "Community Health and Development", "score": 0.3962000012397766, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3600", "display_name": "General Health Professions"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/36", "display_name": "Health Professions"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.6037023067474365}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "score": 0.5035440325737}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/behavior-change", "display_name": "Behavior change", "score": 0.48607781529426575}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science", "display_name": "Cognitive science", "score": 0.3283502459526062}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology", "display_name": "Social psychology", "score": 0.2770107388496399}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.6037023067474365}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5035440325737}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C14262774", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880695", "display_name": "Behavior change", "level": 2, "score": 0.48607781529426575}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C188147891", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638", "display_name": "Cognitive science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3283502459526062}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.2770107388496399}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S35223124", "display_name": "Psychological Review", "issn_l": "0033-295X", "issn": ["0033-295X", "1939-1471"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320262", "host_organization_name": "American Psychological Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Psychological Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Psychological Review", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ccb9da1c287e4fc889803ed90e077385", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/ccb9da1c287e4fc889803ed90e077385", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S112646816", "display_name": "SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda", "issn_l": "0300-5267", "issn": ["0300-5267", "2340-4078"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Jurnal Psikologi, Vol 47, Iss 2, Pp 121-136 (2020)", "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ccb9da1c287e4fc889803ed90e077385", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doaj.org/article/ccb9da1c287e4fc889803ed90e077385", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S112646816", "display_name": "SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda", "issn_l": "0300-5267", "issn": ["0300-5267", "2340-4078"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Jurnal Psikologi, Vol 47, Iss 2, Pp 121-136 (2020)", "raw_type": "article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2931662336", "https://openalex.org/W2077865380", "https://openalex.org/W2134894512", "https://openalex.org/W2053487507", "https://openalex.org/W2765597752", "https://openalex.org/W2083375246", "https://openalex.org/W2067108088", "https://openalex.org/W2085372204", "https://openalex.org/W4391301621"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 81, 186], "number": [1], "of": [2, 43, 62, 90, 139], "thalassemia": [3, 58], "patients": [4], "in": [5, 84], "Indonesia": [6], "is": [7], "predicted": [8], "to": [9, 33, 55, 74, 115, 170, 203], "rise": [10], "every": [11], "year.": [12], "This": [13, 30, 173], "genetic": [14], "disease": [15], "could": [16], "cause": [17], "psychological": [18], "impact": [19], "and": [20, 27, 41, 47, 96, 109, 141, 163], "large": [21], "expenses": [22], "for": [23], "patients,": [24], "families,": [25], "caretakers,": [26], "the": [28, 35, 85, 93, 113, 137, 168, 191, 199], "government.": [29], "study": [31, 86, 174], "aimed": [32], "analyze": [34], "correlation": [36, 160], "between": [37], "perceived": [38], "barriers": [39, 177, 195], "(PB)": [40], "consideration": [42], "future": [44], "consequences": [45], "(CFC),": [46], "also": [48], "their": [49, 201], "interaction": [50], "with": [51, 161], "behavioral": [52], "intention": [53, 169], "(BI)": [54], "undergo": [56], "a": [57, 107], "screening": [59], "as": [60, 155, 179, 196], "part": [61], "preventive": [63], "health": [64], "behavior": [65], "(PHB).": [66], "Participants": [67], "were": [68, 87], "411": [69], "young": [70], "adults,": [71], "aged": [72], "18": [73], "25": [75], "years": [76], "old": [77], "(M": [78], "=": [79, 118, 131, 149], "20.47).": [80], "measurements": [82], "used": [83], "adapted": [88], "versions": [89], "PHB": [91], "Scale,": [92, 95], "CFC-14": [94], "BI": [97, 116, 129, 147, 162], "Scale.": [98], "Main": [99], "results": [100], "from": [101, 112], "PROCESS": [102], "regression": [103], "analysis": [104], "showed,": [105], "(1)": [106], "negative": [108], "significant": [110, 159], "influence": [111, 127, 145], "PB": [114, 140], "(b1": [117], "-0.0089;": [119], "p": [120, 133, 151], "<": [121], "0.05),": [122, 135], "(2)": [123], "CFC": [124, 142], "had": [125, 143, 158], "insignificant": [126, 144], "toward": [128, 146, 167], "(b2": [130], "0.0096;": [132], ">": [134, 152], "(3)": [136], "interactions": [138], "(b3": [148], "-0.0005;": [150], "0.05).": [153], "Self-efficacy,": [154], "controlled": [156], "variable,": [157], "became": [164], "strong": [165], "predictor": [166], "enact": [171, 204], "PHB.": [172, 185, 205], "concluded": [175], "that": [176, 182], "remain": [178], "dominant": [180], "factor": [181], "determines": [183], "someone's": [184], "more": [187, 192], "elaborate": [188], "patient's": [189], "knowledge,": [190], "they": [193], "see": [194], "challenges,": [197], "therefore": [198], "higher": [200], "efficacy": [202]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 838}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2880}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3016}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3230}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3245}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2955}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2684}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2378}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2126}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1882}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1841}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1510}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1297}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1159}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 993}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2022-08-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2037557484", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155", "title": "A power primer.", "display_name": "A power primer.", "publication_year": 1992, "publication_date": "1992-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2037557484", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155", "mag": "2037557484", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19565683"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S75627607", "display_name": "Psychological Bulletin", "issn_l": "0033-2909", "issn": ["0033-2909", "1939-1455"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320262", "host_organization_name": "American Psychological Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Psychological Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Psychological Bulletin", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5013165905", "display_name": "Jacob Cohen", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210147424", "display_name": "University Settlement", "ror": "https://ror.org/0531gz477", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210147424"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jacob Cohen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["New York U., US"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "New York U., US", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210147424"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5013165905"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210147424"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 293.4307, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 41643, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "112", "issue": "1", "first_page": "155", "last_page": "159"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10778", "display_name": "Philosophy and History of Science", "score": 0.8381999731063843, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1207", "display_name": "History and Philosophy of Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10778", "display_name": "Philosophy and History of Science", "score": 0.8381999731063843, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1207", "display_name": "History and Philosophy of Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/12", "display_name": "Arts and Humanities"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12114", "display_name": "Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods", "score": 0.8069999814033508, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1106", "display_name": "Food Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10826", "display_name": "Behavioral and Psychological Studies", "score": 0.7350999712944031, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3204", "display_name": "Developmental and Educational Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/primer", "display_name": "Primer (cosmetics)", "score": 0.7930588722229004}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.440067857503891}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/power", "display_name": "Power (physics)", "score": 0.4383390545845032}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.33743250370025635}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.25129997730255127}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.1334238052368164}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.09687402844429016}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777563447", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243397", "display_name": "Primer (cosmetics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7930588722229004}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.440067857503891}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C163258240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342", "display_name": "Power (physics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4383390545845032}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.33743250370025635}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.25129997730255127}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.1334238052368164}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.09687402844429016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D011584", "descriptor_name": "Psychology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011584", "descriptor_name": "Psychology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011584", "descriptor_name": "Psychology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016009", "descriptor_name": "Chi-Square Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016009", "descriptor_name": "Chi-Square Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016009", "descriptor_name": "Chi-Square Distribution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018401", "descriptor_name": "Sample Size", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018401", "descriptor_name": "Sample Size", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D018401", "descriptor_name": "Sample Size", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S75627607", "display_name": "Psychological Bulletin", "issn_l": "0033-2909", "issn": ["0033-2909", "1939-1455"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320262", "host_organization_name": "American Psychological Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Psychological Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Psychological Bulletin", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:19565683", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19565683", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Psychological bulletin", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 9, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W563452231", "https://openalex.org/W591250916", "https://openalex.org/W1597188168", "https://openalex.org/W2037124948", "https://openalex.org/W2107031757", "https://openalex.org/W2155449866", "https://openalex.org/W2164145253", "https://openalex.org/W2183510664", "https://openalex.org/W4251448448"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2375570161", "https://openalex.org/W2371958667", "https://openalex.org/W2333833013", "https://openalex.org/W2360079597", "https://openalex.org/W4223953284", "https://openalex.org/W2362385854", "https://openalex.org/W4224031257", "https://openalex.org/W53875174", "https://openalex.org/W4223917880"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"One": [0], "possible": [1], "reason": [2], "for": [3, 45, 49, 61, 72, 109], "the": [4, 14, 18, 24, 78, 84, 91, 97, 101, 123], "continued": [5], "neglect": [6], "of": [7, 20, 33, 86, 111, 119, 125], "statistical": [8, 75], "power": [9, 63], "analysis": [10, 118], "in": [11, 13], "research": [12], "behavioral": [15], "sciences": [16], "is": [17, 37], "inaccessibility": [19], "or": [21, 128], "difficulty": [22], "with": [23], "standard": [25, 74], "material.": [26], "A": [27], "convenient,": [28], "although": [29], "not": [30], "comprehensive,": [31], "presentation": [32], "required": [34], "sample": [35, 58], "sizes": [36, 59], "provided": [38], "here.": [39], "Effect-size": [40], "indexes": [41], "and": [42, 54, 113, 121], "conventional": [43], "values": [44], "these": [46, 68], "are": [47, 70], "given": [48], "operationally": [50], "defined": [51], "small,": [52], "medium,": [53], "large": [55], "effects.": [56], "The": [57], "necessary": [60], ".80": [62], "to": [64], "detect": [65], "effects": [66], "at": [67], "levels": [69], "tabled": [71], "eight": [73], "tests:": [76], "(a)": [77], "difference": [79, 92, 102], "between": [80, 93, 103], "independent": [81, 94, 104], "means,": [82], "(b)": [83], "significance": [85, 124], "a": [87, 126], "product-moment": [88], "correlation,": [89], "(c)": [90], "rs,": [95], "(d)": [96], "sign": [98], "test,": [99], "(e)": [100], "proportions,": [105], "(f)": [106], "chi-square": [107], "tests": [108], "goodness": [110], "fit": [112], "contingency": [114], "tables,": [115], "(g)": [116], "one-way": [117], "variance,": [120], "(h)": [122], "multiple": [127, 129], "partial": [130], "correlation.": [131]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 561}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2166}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2468}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2489}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2933}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3137}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2945}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2671}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2555}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2388}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2235}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2144}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1943}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1779}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1604}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1969360633", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1107/s2053229614024218", "title": "Crystal structure refinement with<i>SHELXL</i>", "display_name": "Crystal structure refinement with<i>SHELXL</i>", "publication_year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-12-30", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1969360633", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1107/s2053229614024218", "mag": "1969360633", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25567568"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1107/s2053229614024218", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1107/s2053229614024218", "pdf_url": "http://journals.iucr.org/c/issues/2015/01/00/fa3356/fa3356.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4393918092", "display_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry", "issn_l": "2053-2296", "issn": ["2053-2296"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "http://journals.iucr.org/c/issues/2015/01/00/fa3356/fa3356.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042885999", "display_name": "George M. Sheldrick", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6956-4822"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I74656192", "display_name": "University of G\u00f6ttingen", "ror": "https://ror.org/01y9bpm73", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "George M. Sheldrick", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Structural Chemistry, Georg-August Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen, Tammannstra\u00dfe 4, G\u00f6ttingen 37077, Germany"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Structural Chemistry, Georg-August Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen, Tammannstra\u00dfe 4, G\u00f6ttingen 37077, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5042885999"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I74656192"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 756.2396, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 41509, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 90, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "71", "issue": "1", "first_page": "3", "last_page": "8"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12613", "display_name": "X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12613", "display_name": "X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10798", "display_name": "Crystallography and molecular interactions", "score": 0.9990000128746033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1606", "display_name": "Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11162", "display_name": "Enzyme Structure and Function", "score": 0.9976999759674072, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.6852735877037048}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/crystal-structure", "display_name": "Crystal structure", "score": 0.5937033891677856}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/file-format", "display_name": "File format", "score": 0.5746297836303711}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure", "display_name": "Data structure", "score": 0.5282788872718811}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallography", "display_name": "Crystallography", "score": 0.5056142807006836}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/core", "display_name": "Core (optical fiber)", "score": 0.48464614152908325}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection", "display_name": "Reflection (computer programming)", "score": 0.431610643863678}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system", "display_name": "Operating system", "score": 0.3216918110847473}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language", "display_name": "Programming language", "score": 0.19994020462036133}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.10163632035255432}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6852735877037048}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115624301", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895901", "display_name": "Crystal structure", "level": 2, "score": 0.5937033891677856}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C97250363", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235557", "display_name": "File format", "level": 2, "score": 0.5746297836303711}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162319229", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263", "display_name": "Data structure", "level": 2, "score": 0.5282788872718811}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C8010536", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398", "display_name": "Crystallography", "level": 1, "score": 0.5056142807006836}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2164484", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150", "display_name": "Core (optical fiber)", "level": 2, "score": 0.48464614152908325}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C65682993", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451", "display_name": "Reflection (computer programming)", "level": 2, "score": 0.431610643863678}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.3216918110847473}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.19994020462036133}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.10163632035255432}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C76155785", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418", "display_name": "Telecommunications", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1107/s2053229614024218", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1107/s2053229614024218", "pdf_url": "http://journals.iucr.org/c/issues/2015/01/00/fa3356/fa3356.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4393918092", "display_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry", "issn_l": "2053-2296", "issn": ["2053-2296"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:25567568", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25567568", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:journals.iucr.org:fa3356", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://doi.org/10.1107/S2053229614024218", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196129", "display_name": "International Union of Crystallography", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4294323", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4294323", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1107/s2053229614024218", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1107/s2053229614024218", "pdf_url": "http://journals.iucr.org/c/issues/2015/01/00/fa3356/fa3356.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4393918092", "display_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry", "issn_l": "2053-2296", "issn": ["2053-2296"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1969360633.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 25, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1983271674", "https://openalex.org/W1983732912", "https://openalex.org/W1989555577", "https://openalex.org/W2004435637", "https://openalex.org/W2018977936", "https://openalex.org/W2024175762", "https://openalex.org/W2032842297", "https://openalex.org/W2035901463", "https://openalex.org/W2036260386", "https://openalex.org/W2054612704", "https://openalex.org/W2067081534", "https://openalex.org/W2070942956", "https://openalex.org/W2093135499", "https://openalex.org/W2101547779", "https://openalex.org/W2102940758", "https://openalex.org/W2119679171", "https://openalex.org/W2124241917", "https://openalex.org/W2128179591", "https://openalex.org/W2130676953", "https://openalex.org/W2131350133", "https://openalex.org/W2145538332", "https://openalex.org/W2146426024", "https://openalex.org/W2156779445", "https://openalex.org/W2161791938", "https://openalex.org/W2166032823"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3158538495", "https://openalex.org/W2371168111", "https://openalex.org/W2045815042", "https://openalex.org/W2494809169", "https://openalex.org/W2092226129", "https://openalex.org/W2913619905", "https://openalex.org/W1576035430", "https://openalex.org/W3125758369", "https://openalex.org/W2390392971", "https://openalex.org/W2375898439"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "improvements": [1], "in": [2, 41, 87], "the": [3, 14, 20, 66, 74, 95, 100, 105, 112, 126], "crystal": [4, 30], "structure": [5, 64, 109], "refinement": [6, 82, 90, 113], "program": [7, 67], "SHELXL": [8, 57, 88, 119], "have": [9], "been": [10], "closely": [11], "coupled": [12], "with": [13, 83], "development": [15], "and": [16, 28, 56, 76, 111, 116, 129, 135], "increasing": [17], "importance": [18], "of": [19, 97, 102, 107, 114], "CIF": [21, 42], "(Crystallographic": [22], "Information": [23], "Framework)": [24], "format": [25, 43], "for": [26, 61, 80, 125, 139], "validating": [27], "archiving": [29], "structures.": [31, 118], "An": [32], "important": [33], "simplification": [34], "is": [35, 59, 120, 136], "that": [36], "now": [37], "only": [38], "one": [39], "file": [40], "(for": [44], "convenience,": [45], "referred": [46], "to": [47, 72, 123], "simply": [48], "as": [49], "`a": [50], "CIF')": [51], "containing": [52], "embedded": [53], "reflection": [54], "data": [55], "instructions": [58], "needed": [60], "a": [62], "complete": [63], "archive;": [65], "SHREDCIF": [68], "can": [69], "be": [70], "used": [71], "extract": [73], ".hkl": [75], ".ins": [77], "files": [78], "required": [79], "further": [81], "SHELXL.": [84], "Recent": [85], "developments": [86], "facilitate": [89], "against": [91], "neutron": [92], "diffraction": [93], "data,": [94], "treatment": [96], "H": [98], "atoms,": [99], "determination": [101], "absolute": [103], "structure,": [104], "input": [106], "partial": [108], "factors": [110], "twinned": [115], "disordered": [117], "available": [121], "free": [122], "academics": [124], "Windows,": [127], "Linux": [128], "Mac": [130], "OS": [131], "X": [132], "operating": [133], "systems,": [134], "particularly": [137], "suitable": [138], "multiple-core": [140], "processors.": [141]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 961}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4705}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 4989}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4692}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4293}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4400}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4521}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4192}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3456}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2548}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1693}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1041}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 6}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1976499671", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.445869", "title": "Comparison of simple potential functions for simulating liquid water", "display_name": "Comparison of simple potential functions for simulating liquid water", "publication_year": 1983, "publication_date": "1983-07-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1976499671", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.445869", "mag": "1976499671"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1063/1.445869", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.445869", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S77047749", "display_name": "The Journal of Chemical Physics", "issn_l": "0021-9606", "issn": ["0021-9606", "1089-7690", "1520-9032"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of Chemical Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5053850265", "display_name": "William L. Jorgensen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3993-9520"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I219193219", "display_name": "Purdue University West Lafayette", "ror": "https://ror.org/02dqehb95", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "William L. Jorgensen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113983144", "display_name": "Jayaraman Chandrasekhar", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I219193219", "display_name": "Purdue University West Lafayette", "ror": "https://ror.org/02dqehb95", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jayaraman Chandrasekhar", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5003571956", "display_name": "Jeffry D. Madura", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-2218"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I219193219", "display_name": "Purdue University West Lafayette", "ror": "https://ror.org/02dqehb95", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jeffry D. Madura", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070881659", "display_name": "Roger Impey", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210159778", "display_name": "National Research Council Canada", "ror": "https://ror.org/04mte1k06", "country_code": "CA", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Roger W. Impey", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Chemistry Division, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada K1A OR6"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Chemistry Division, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada K1A OR6", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068247471", "display_name": "Michael L. Klein", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0027-9262"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210159778", "display_name": "National Research Council Canada", "ror": "https://ror.org/04mte1k06", "country_code": "CA", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Michael L. Klein", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Chemistry Division, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada K1A OR6"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Chemistry Division, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada K1A OR6", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5053850265"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"], "apc_list": {"value": 3500, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3500}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 29.7047, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 41473, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "79", "issue": "2", "first_page": "926", "last_page": "935"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11936", "display_name": "Chemical and Physical Properties in Aqueous Solutions", "score": 0.9959999918937683, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1506", "display_name": "Filtration and Separation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/15", "display_name": "Chemical Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11936", "display_name": "Chemical and Physical Properties in Aqueous Solutions", "score": 0.9959999918937683, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1506", "display_name": "Filtration and Separation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/15", "display_name": "Chemical Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11177", "display_name": "Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies", "score": 0.9950000047683716, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10402", "display_name": "Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics", "score": 0.9886000156402588, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/neutron-diffraction", "display_name": "Neutron diffraction", "score": 0.6809728741645813}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/water-model", "display_name": "Water model", "score": 0.645448625087738}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-dynamics", "display_name": "Molecular dynamics", "score": 0.5326606631278992}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method", "display_name": "Monte Carlo method", "score": 0.5316489338874817}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/water-dimer", "display_name": "Water dimer", "score": 0.5149151086807251}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "score": 0.4914354085922241}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "score": 0.4895866811275482}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.4662436842918396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-water", "display_name": "Liquid water", "score": 0.4563896656036377}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/diffraction", "display_name": "Diffraction", "score": 0.4541241526603699}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.34537261724472046}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-chemistry", "display_name": "Computational chemistry", "score": 0.2676430940628052}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecule", "display_name": "Molecule", "score": 0.21276313066482544}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.18768444657325745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-bond", "display_name": "Hydrogen bond", "score": 0.11316797137260437}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C73585123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910499", "display_name": "Neutron diffraction", "level": 3, "score": 0.6809728741645813}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119049451", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3318070", "display_name": "Water model", "level": 3, "score": 0.645448625087738}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C59593255", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901663", "display_name": "Molecular dynamics", "level": 2, "score": 0.5326606631278992}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C19499675", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207", "display_name": "Monte Carlo method", "level": 2, "score": 0.5316489338874817}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776712067", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707738", "display_name": "Water dimer", "level": 4, "score": 0.5149151086807251}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C97355855", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4914354085922241}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121864883", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4895866811275482}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.4662436842918396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2989277613", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283", "display_name": "Liquid water", "level": 2, "score": 0.4563896656036377}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C207114421", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900", "display_name": "Diffraction", "level": 2, "score": 0.4541241526603699}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.34537261724472046}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147597530", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472", "display_name": "Computational chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.2676430940628052}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C32909587", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369", "display_name": "Molecule", "level": 2, "score": 0.21276313066482544}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.18768444657325745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C112887158", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169324", "display_name": "Hydrogen bond", "level": 3, "score": 0.11316797137260437}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620", "display_name": "Optics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1063/1.445869", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.445869", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S77047749", "display_name": "The Journal of Chemical Physics", "issn_l": "0021-9606", "issn": ["0021-9606", "1089-7690", "1520-9032"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of Chemical Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "display_name": "National Science Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 27, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W343086395", "https://openalex.org/W1970939252", "https://openalex.org/W1974084010", "https://openalex.org/W1977204953", "https://openalex.org/W1986708721", "https://openalex.org/W1993299482", "https://openalex.org/W1996322649", "https://openalex.org/W1997502779", "https://openalex.org/W1997630751", "https://openalex.org/W2002733913", "https://openalex.org/W2003298940", "https://openalex.org/W2007712382", "https://openalex.org/W2008704811", "https://openalex.org/W2011481929", "https://openalex.org/W2027743395", "https://openalex.org/W2029560333", "https://openalex.org/W2035374663", "https://openalex.org/W2044733582", "https://openalex.org/W2051918277", "https://openalex.org/W2059685129", "https://openalex.org/W2077551887", "https://openalex.org/W2081926166", "https://openalex.org/W2082433219", "https://openalex.org/W2104872333", "https://openalex.org/W2335108304", "https://openalex.org/W2912711359", "https://openalex.org/W4244304233"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1966675092", "https://openalex.org/W2298224373", "https://openalex.org/W2116698685", "https://openalex.org/W2018007656", "https://openalex.org/W1539782629", "https://openalex.org/W2063463219", "https://openalex.org/W4221044347", "https://openalex.org/W2005228948", "https://openalex.org/W1985016440", "https://openalex.org/W2062876457"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Classical": [0], "Monte": [1], "Carlo": [2], "simulations": [3, 195], "have": [4], "been": [5], "carried": [6], "out": [7], "for": [8, 29, 73, 125, 130, 164], "liquid": [9, 187], "water": [10, 31, 188], "in": [11, 67, 100, 146, 157, 194], "the": [12, 24, 30, 51, 74, 84, 104, 111, 122, 132, 136, 142, 148, 158, 173, 202], "NPT": [13], "ensemble": [14], "at": [15], "25": [16], "\u00b0C": [17], "and": [18, 39, 47, 58, 63, 86, 92, 114, 177, 183, 189, 205], "1": [19], "atm": [20], "using": [21], "six": [22], "of": [23, 56, 83, 186, 196, 201], "simpler": [25], "intermolecular": [26], "potential": [27, 64, 133], "functions": [28, 99, 118, 127, 207], "dimer:": [32], "Bernal\u2013Fowler": [33], "(BF),": [34], "SPC,": [35, 174, 203], "ST2,": [36, 175], "TIPS2,": [37, 176, 204], "TIP3P,": [38], "TIP4P.": [40], "Comparisons": [41, 160], "are": [42, 66, 128, 161], "made": [43, 163], "with": [44, 70, 103, 110], "experimental": [45, 112], "thermodynamic": [46, 184], "structural": [48, 88, 182], "data": [49, 150], "including": [50], "recent": [52], "neutron": [53, 105, 149], "diffraction": [54, 106], "results": [55, 124], "Thiessen": [57], "Narten.": [59], "The": [60, 90, 108, 199], "computed": [61, 123], "densities": [62], "energies": [65], "reasonable": [68, 181], "accord": [69, 109], "experiment": [71], "except": [72], "original": [75], "BF": [76], "model,": [77], "which": [78], "yields": [79], "an": [80, 153], "18%": [81], "overestimate": [82], "density": [85], "poor": [87], "results.": [89, 107], "TIPS2": [91], "TIP4P": [93, 178, 206], "potentials": [94], "yield": [95], "oxygen\u2013oxygen": [96], "partial": [97, 116], "structure": [98, 117], "good": [101], "agreement": [102], "OH": [113], "HH": [115], "is": [119, 208], "poorer;": [120], "however,": [121], "these": [126], "similar": [129], "all": [131], "functions.": [134], "Consequently,": [135], "discrepancy": [137], "may": [138], "be": [139, 192], "due": [140], "to": [141, 152], "correction": [143], "terms": [144], "needed": [145], "processing": [147], "or": [151], "effect": [154], "uniformly": [155], "neglected": [156], "computations.": [159], "also": [162, 209], "self-diffusion": [165], "coefficients": [166], "obtained": [167], "from": [168, 211], "molecular": [169], "dynamics": [170], "simulations.": [171], "Overall,": [172], "models": [179], "give": [180], "descriptions": [185], "they": [190], "should": [191], "useful": [193], "aqueous": [197], "solutions.": [198], "simplicity": [200], "attractive": [210], "a": [212], "computational": [213], "standpoint.": [214]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 732}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2824}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2821}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2847}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2795}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2881}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2547}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2182}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1959}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1808}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1727}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1646}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1583}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1475}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1339}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1861492603", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10602-1_48", "title": "Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context", "display_name": "Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context", "publication_year": 2014, "publication_date": "2014-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1861492603", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10602-1_48", "mag": "1861492603"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10602-1_48", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10602-1_48", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-10602-1_48.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S106296714", "display_name": "Lecture notes in computer science", "issn_l": "0302-9743", "issn": ["0302-9743", "1611-3349"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "book series"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Lecture Notes in Computer Science", "raw_type": "book-chapter"}, "type": "book-chapter", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-10602-1_48.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5052768778", "display_name": "Tsung-Yi Lin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4819-0627"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "display_name": "Cornell University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bnh6r87", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Tsung-Yi Lin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Cornell, USA", "CORNELL"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Cornell, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "CORNELL", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5001371942", "display_name": "Michael Maire", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9778-6673"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I122411786", "display_name": "California Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05dxps055", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Michael Maire", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Caltech, USA", "Caltech,"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Caltech, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Caltech,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018609918", "display_name": "Serge Belongie", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0388-5217"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "display_name": "Cornell University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bnh6r87", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Serge Belongie", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Cornell, USA", "CORNELL"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Cornell, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "CORNELL", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5016775802", "display_name": "James Hays", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7016-4252"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I175594653", "display_name": "John Brown University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ct41q97", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I175594653"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "James Hays", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Brown, USA", "Brown"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Brown, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I175594653"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Brown", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026825380", "display_name": "Pietro Perona", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7583-5809"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I122411786", "display_name": "California Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05dxps055", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pietro Perona", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Caltech, USA", "Caltech,"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Caltech, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Caltech,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5004353237", "display_name": "Deva Ramanan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9180-8983"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210137750", "display_name": "UC Irvine Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/03fgher32", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210137750"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Deva Ramanan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["UC Irvine, USA", "UC Irvine"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "UC Irvine, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210137750"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "UC Irvine", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210137750"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5057866698", "display_name": "Piotr Doll\u00e1r", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1290206253", "display_name": "Microsoft (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00d0nc645", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Piotr Doll\u00e1r", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Microsoft Research, USA", "Microsoft research#TAB#"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Microsoft Research, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Microsoft research#TAB#", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058450549", "display_name": "C. Lawrence Zitnick", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1290206253", "display_name": "Microsoft (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00d0nc645", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "C. Lawrence Zitnick", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Microsoft Research, USA", "Microsoft research#TAB#"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Microsoft Research, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Microsoft research#TAB#", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 8, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5052768778"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "apc_list": {"value": 5000, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 5392}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 328.5876, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 41350, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": "740", "last_page": "755"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10627", "display_name": "Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques", "score": 0.9994000196456909, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11714", "display_name": "Multimodal Machine Learning Applications", "score": 0.996999979019165, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.8523383140563965}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal", "display_name": "Pascal (unit)", "score": 0.7472506761550903}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/spotting", "display_name": "Spotting", "score": 0.6940832138061523}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.68071049451828}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation", "display_name": "Segmentation", "score": 0.6709677577018738}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box", "display_name": "Minimum bounding box", "score": 0.6342964768409729}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch", "display_name": "Bounding overwatch", "score": 0.6129207611083984}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection", "display_name": "Object detection", "score": 0.572113573551178}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/object", "display_name": "Object (grammar)", "score": 0.5521263480186462}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/context", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "score": 0.5132265090942383}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision", "display_name": "Computer vision", "score": 0.45041415095329285}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation", "display_name": "Image segmentation", "score": 0.42718902230262756}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline", "display_name": "Baseline (sea)", "score": 0.4162190854549408}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.4000334143638611}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/image", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "score": 0.19374924898147583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geography", "display_name": "Geography", "score": 0.0640939474105835}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.8523383140563965}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C75608658", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395", "display_name": "Pascal (unit)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7472506761550903}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779506182", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141", "display_name": "Spotting", "level": 2, "score": 0.6940832138061523}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.68071049451828}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C89600930", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946", "display_name": "Segmentation", "level": 2, "score": 0.6709677577018738}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C147037132", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426", "display_name": "Minimum bounding box", "level": 3, "score": 0.6342964768409729}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C63584917", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286", "display_name": "Bounding overwatch", "level": 2, "score": 0.6129207611083984}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776151529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304", "display_name": "Object detection", "level": 3, "score": 0.572113573551178}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781238097", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026", "display_name": "Object (grammar)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5521263480186462}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5132265090942383}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C31972630", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240", "display_name": "Computer vision", "level": 1, "score": 0.45041415095329285}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124504099", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933", "display_name": "Image segmentation", "level": 3, "score": 0.42718902230262756}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C12725497", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247", "display_name": "Baseline (sea)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4162190854549408}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4000334143638611}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C115961682", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623", "display_name": "Image (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.19374924898147583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.0640939474105835}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498", "display_name": "Archaeology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069", "display_name": "Geology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111368507", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518", "display_name": "Oceanography", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10602-1_48", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10602-1_48", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-10602-1_48.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S106296714", "display_name": "Lecture notes in computer science", "issn_l": "0302-9743", "issn": ["0302-9743", "1611-3349"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "book series"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Lecture Notes in Computer Science", "raw_type": "book-chapter"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:94215", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190327-124700504", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402161", "display_name": "CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I122411786", "host_organization_name": "California Institute of Technology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I122411786"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Book Section"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.650.8442", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.650.8442", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://vision.caltech.edu/~mmaire/papers/pdf/coco_eccv2014.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.749.2093", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.749.2093", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://arxiv.org/pdf/1405.0312.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10602-1_48", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10602-1_48", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-10602-1_48.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S106296714", "display_name": "Lecture notes in computer science", "issn_l": "0302-9743", "issn": ["0302-9743", "1611-3349"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "book series"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Lecture Notes in Computer Science", "raw_type": "book-chapter"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W1861492603.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 49, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W125693051", "https://openalex.org/W191001584", "https://openalex.org/W1516887802", "https://openalex.org/W1576445103", "https://openalex.org/W1832500336", "https://openalex.org/W1861492603", "https://openalex.org/W1972515067", "https://openalex.org/W2017814585", "https://openalex.org/W2020308406", "https://openalex.org/W2031342017", "https://openalex.org/W2031454541", "https://openalex.org/W2031489346", "https://openalex.org/W2038721957", "https://openalex.org/W2046875449", "https://openalex.org/W2054279472", "https://openalex.org/W2055302526", "https://openalex.org/W2055349880", "https://openalex.org/W2056933870", "https://openalex.org/W2070148066", "https://openalex.org/W2083542343", "https://openalex.org/W2098411764", "https://openalex.org/W2102605133", "https://openalex.org/W2104974755", "https://openalex.org/W2108598243", "https://openalex.org/W2109586012", "https://openalex.org/W2110158442", "https://openalex.org/W2110764733", "https://openalex.org/W2119775030", "https://openalex.org/W2134270519", "https://openalex.org/W2135166986", "https://openalex.org/W2143890915", "https://openalex.org/W2145607950", "https://openalex.org/W2147253850", "https://openalex.org/W2148675068", "https://openalex.org/W2155904486", "https://openalex.org/W2160014001", "https://openalex.org/W2161446043", "https://openalex.org/W2161969291", "https://openalex.org/W2163605009", "https://openalex.org/W2163965432", "https://openalex.org/W2168356304", "https://openalex.org/W2171943915", "https://openalex.org/W2535410496", "https://openalex.org/W2963542991", "https://openalex.org/W3092654410", "https://openalex.org/W3118608800", "https://openalex.org/W4235505822", "https://openalex.org/W4244390938", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4237171675", "https://openalex.org/W3036286480", "https://openalex.org/W4287027631", "https://openalex.org/W3192357901", "https://openalex.org/W2387360586", "https://openalex.org/W2952736415", "https://openalex.org/W3209723314", "https://openalex.org/W1689909837", "https://openalex.org/W2953362004", "https://openalex.org/W4298525700"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 738}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 5113}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 6207}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6500}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5544}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 6067}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4771}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3418}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1567}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 821}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 403}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 177}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2153635508", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1145/1961189.1961199", "title": "LIBSVM", "display_name": "LIBSVM", "publication_year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-04-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2153635508", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1145/1961189.1961199", "mag": "2153635508"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1145/1961189.1961199", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/1961189.1961199", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2492086750", "display_name": "ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology", "issn_l": "2157-6904", "issn": ["2157-6904", "2157-6912"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319798", "host_organization_name": "Association for Computing Machinery", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association for Computing Machinery"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103432521", "display_name": "Chih-Chung Chang", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I16733864", "display_name": "National Taiwan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bqach95", "country_code": "TW", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}], "countries": ["TW"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Chih-Chung Chang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068223640", "display_name": "Chih\u2010Jen Lin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4684-8747"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I16733864", "display_name": "National Taiwan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bqach95", "country_code": "TW", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}], "countries": ["TW"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chih-Jen Lin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5103432521"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16733864"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 2745.7427, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 41221, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "2", "issue": "3", "first_page": "1", "last_page": "27"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10057", "display_name": "Face and Expression Recognition", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10057", "display_name": "Face and Expression Recognition", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.9988999962806702, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11512", "display_name": "Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications", "score": 0.9976999759674072, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.9018539190292358}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine", "display_name": "Support vector machine", "score": 0.7129232287406921}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity", "display_name": "Popularity", "score": 0.6622347831726074}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.5552013516426086}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.5184590220451355}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/selection", "display_name": "Selection (genetic algorithm)", "score": 0.5124928951263428}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence", "display_name": "Convergence (economics)", "score": 0.47850337624549866}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multiclass-classification", "display_name": "Multiclass classification", "score": 0.42061424255371094}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining", "display_name": "Data mining", "score": 0.34050875902175903}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.9018539190292358}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C12267149", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453", "display_name": "Support vector machine", "level": 2, "score": 0.7129232287406921}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780586970", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284", "display_name": "Popularity", "level": 2, "score": 0.6622347831726074}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.5552013516426086}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.5184590220451355}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C81917197", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760", "display_name": "Selection (genetic algorithm)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5124928951263428}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777303404", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757", "display_name": "Convergence (economics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.47850337624549866}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C123860398", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934605", "display_name": "Multiclass classification", "level": 3, "score": 0.42061424255371094}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.34050875902175903}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833", "display_name": "Economic growth", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1145/1961189.1961199", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/1961189.1961199", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2492086750", "display_name": "ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology", "issn_l": "2157-6904", "issn": ["2157-6904", "2157-6912"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319798", "host_organization_name": "Association for Computing Machinery", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association for Computing Machinery"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G5657089001", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "NSC 89-2213-E-002-013NSC 89-2213-E-002-106", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321040", "funder_display_name": "National Science Council"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321040", "display_name": "National Science Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320323900", "display_name": "National Taiwan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bqach95"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 55, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W15020643", "https://openalex.org/W34176136", "https://openalex.org/W62563893", "https://openalex.org/W91932901", "https://openalex.org/W324611197", "https://openalex.org/W1510526001", "https://openalex.org/W1512098439", "https://openalex.org/W1543810117", "https://openalex.org/W1556115774", "https://openalex.org/W1564719599", "https://openalex.org/W1568793342", "https://openalex.org/W1576520375", "https://openalex.org/W1618905105", "https://openalex.org/W1621799579", "https://openalex.org/W1775273161", "https://openalex.org/W1932600547", "https://openalex.org/W2011741120", "https://openalex.org/W2036350498", "https://openalex.org/W2039402388", "https://openalex.org/W2047542122", "https://openalex.org/W2056983531", "https://openalex.org/W2087347434", "https://openalex.org/W2096613134", "https://openalex.org/W2097850441", "https://openalex.org/W2100967622", "https://openalex.org/W2104978738", "https://openalex.org/W2109911225", "https://openalex.org/W2109943925", "https://openalex.org/W2110899801", "https://openalex.org/W2115076892", "https://openalex.org/W2115694019", "https://openalex.org/W2119821739", "https://openalex.org/W2124351082", "https://openalex.org/W2132870739", "https://openalex.org/W2137285073", "https://openalex.org/W2137346077", "https://openalex.org/W2137557016", "https://openalex.org/W2138907228", "https://openalex.org/W2139526185", "https://openalex.org/W2140586694", "https://openalex.org/W2141057577", "https://openalex.org/W2145276325", "https://openalex.org/W2148603752", "https://openalex.org/W2151040995", "https://openalex.org/W2151746537", "https://openalex.org/W2153104898", "https://openalex.org/W2157239837", "https://openalex.org/W2161920802", "https://openalex.org/W2172000360", "https://openalex.org/W2282078507", "https://openalex.org/W2567465089", "https://openalex.org/W3000101108", "https://openalex.org/W3007705807", "https://openalex.org/W3023975262", "https://openalex.org/W3163638146"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2368605798", "https://openalex.org/W2518037665", "https://openalex.org/W2348524959", "https://openalex.org/W2477036161", "https://openalex.org/W2368049389", "https://openalex.org/W2039745824", "https://openalex.org/W3157224608", "https://openalex.org/W2623163150", "https://openalex.org/W2186666570", "https://openalex.org/W4247599326"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"LIBSVM": [0, 33], "is": [1, 22], "a": [2], "library": [3], "for": [4], "Support": [5], "Vector": [6], "Machines": [7], "(SVMs).": [8], "We": [9], "have": [10], "been": [11], "actively": [12], "developing": [13], "this": [14, 46], "package": [15], "since": [16], "the": [17], "year": [18], "2000.": [19], "The": [20], "goal": [21], "to": [23, 26, 30], "help": [24], "users": [25], "easily": [27], "apply": [28], "SVM": [29, 59], "their": [31], "applications.": [32], "has": [34], "gained": [35], "wide": [36], "popularity": [37], "in": [38, 73], "machine": [39], "learning": [40], "and": [41, 68], "many": [42], "other": [43], "areas.": [44], "In": [45], "article,": [47], "we": [48], "present": [49], "all": [50], "implementation": [51], "details": [52], "of": [53], "LIBSVM.": [54], "Issues": [55], "such": [56], "as": [57], "solving": [58], "optimization": [60], "problems": [61], "theoretical": [62], "convergence": [63], "multiclass": [64], "classification": [65], "probability": [66], "estimates": [67], "parameter": [69], "selection": [70], "are": [71], "discussed": [72], "detail.": [74]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 157}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 822}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 947}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1177}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1499}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1970}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2323}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2593}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2902}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3191}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3530}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3581}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3332}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2972}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2336}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2030966943", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x", "title": "CONFIDENCE LIMITS ON PHYLOGENIES: AN APPROACH USING THE BOOTSTRAP", "display_name": "CONFIDENCE LIMITS ON PHYLOGENIES: AN APPROACH USING THE BOOTSTRAP", "publication_year": 1985, "publication_date": "1985-07-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2030966943", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x", "mag": "2030966943", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28561359"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S87560609", "display_name": "Evolution", "issn_l": "0014-3820", "issn": ["0014-3820", "1558-5646"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110931656", "display_name": "Joseph Felsenstein", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I99319750", "display_name": "Seagen (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/01vwesc15", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I99319750"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I201448701", "display_name": "University of Washington", "ror": "https://ror.org/00cvxb145", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Joseph Felsenstein", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Genetics SK\u201050 University of Washington  Seattle WA 98195", "Department of Genetics SK-50, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Genetics SK\u201050 University of Washington  Seattle WA 98195", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I201448701", "https://openalex.org/I99319750"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Genetics SK-50, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5110931656"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I201448701", "https://openalex.org/I99319750"], "apc_list": {"value": 3000, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3000}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 18.0517, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 41199, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99404644, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "39", "issue": "4", "first_page": "783", "last_page": "791"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11764", "display_name": "Evolution and Genetic Dynamics", "score": 0.9648000001907349, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311", "display_name": "Genetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11764", "display_name": "Evolution and Genetic Dynamics", "score": 0.9648000001907349, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311", "display_name": "Genetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11901", "display_name": "Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models", "score": 0.9490000009536743, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11152", "display_name": "Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics", "score": 0.9053000211715698, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2610", "display_name": "Mathematical Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.9157255291938782}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval", "display_name": "Confidence interval", "score": 0.5249143242835999}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "score": 0.4292137026786804}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.3476625680923462}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.9157255291938782}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C44249647", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498", "display_name": "Confidence interval", "level": 2, "score": 0.5249143242835999}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4292137026786804}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3476625680923462}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S87560609", "display_name": "Evolution", "issn_l": "0014-3820", "issn": ["0014-3820", "1558-5646"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:28561359", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28561359", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Evolution; international journal of organic evolution", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:osti.gov:1401798", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1401798", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402487", "display_name": "OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I139351228", "host_organization_name": "Office of Scientific and Technical Information", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I139351228"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S87560609", "display_name": "Evolution", "issn_l": "0014-3820", "issn": ["0014-3820", "1558-5646"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15", "display_name": "Life in Land", "score": 0.4300000071525574}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G1116538727", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "DE\u2010AM06\u201076RL02225", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320310094", "funder_display_name": "University of Washington"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6777316343", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "DE\u2010AT06\u201076EV71005", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306084", "funder_display_name": "U.S. Department of Energy"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306084", "display_name": "U.S. Department of Energy", "ror": "https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320310094", "display_name": "University of Washington", "ror": "https://ror.org/00cvxb145"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2030966943.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 14, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1973967548", "https://openalex.org/W1976927254", "https://openalex.org/W2088484367", "https://openalex.org/W2090707990", "https://openalex.org/W2114827603", "https://openalex.org/W2117897510", "https://openalex.org/W2120653759", "https://openalex.org/W2124181495", "https://openalex.org/W2178606245", "https://openalex.org/W2317907906", "https://openalex.org/W2796384310", "https://openalex.org/W2999635039", "https://openalex.org/W4241607140", "https://openalex.org/W4256514264"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2995364151", "https://openalex.org/W797163146", "https://openalex.org/W2068023914", "https://openalex.org/W1899429405", "https://openalex.org/W2061542922", "https://openalex.org/W2401903608", "https://openalex.org/W4221078923", "https://openalex.org/W2066458123", "https://openalex.org/W3005777437", "https://openalex.org/W1578234703"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "recently-developed": [1], "statistical": [2], "method": [3, 81, 209], "known": [4], "as": [5, 38, 199], "the": [6, 35, 39, 48, 51, 57, 60, 67, 71, 79, 89, 98, 101, 108, 127, 137, 147, 151, 176, 178, 207], "\"bootstrap\"": [7], "can": [8, 117, 164], "be": [9, 118, 158, 165], "used": [10, 119, 166], "to": [11, 27, 55, 85, 120, 157, 167], "place": [12], "confidence": [13], "intervals": [14], "on": [15, 175], "phylogenies.": [16], "It": [17], "involves": [18], "resampling": [19, 83], "points": [20], "from": [21, 66], "one's": [22], "own": [23], "data,": [24], "with": [25, 95], "replacement,": [26, 96], "create": [28], "a": [29, 122, 134, 141, 181, 215], "series": [30], "of": [31, 34, 43, 59, 73, 82, 88, 126, 136, 146, 180], "bootstrap": [32, 138, 170, 191, 203, 208], "samples": [33, 171], "same": [36], "size": [37, 58], "original": [40, 68, 90], "data.": [41, 69], "Each": [42], "these": [44], "is": [45, 76, 84, 155, 219], "analyzed,": [46], "and": [47, 110], "variation": [49], "among": [50], "resulting": [52], "estimates": [53, 65], "taken": [54, 156], "indicate": [56], "error": [61], "involved": [62], "in": [63, 133, 190], "making": [64], "In": [70], "case": [72], "phylogenies,": [74], "it": [75, 154, 187, 218], "argued": [77], "that": [78, 100, 131], "proper": [80], "keep": [86], "all": [87, 125, 194], "species": [91], "while": [92], "sampling": [93, 204], "characters": [94, 102, 195], "under": [97], "assumption": [99], "have": [103, 111], "been": [104], "independently": [105], "drawn": [106, 189], "by": [107, 172, 201, 221], "systematist": [109], "evolved": [112], "independently.": [113], "Majority-rule": [114], "consensus": [115], "trees": [116], "construct": [121], "phylogeny": [123], "showing": [124], "inferred": [128], "monophyletic": [129], "groups": [130], "occurred": [132], "majority": [135], "samples.": [139], "If": [140], "group": [142, 216], "shows": [143], "up": [144], "95%": [145], "time": [148], "or": [149, 223], "more,": [150], "evidence": [152, 213], "for": [153, 214], "statistically": [159], "significant.": [160], "Existing": [161], "computer": [162], "programs": [163], "analyze": [168], "different": [169], "using": [173], "weights": [174], "characters,": [177], "weight": [179], "character": [182], "being": [183], "how": [184], "many": [185], "times": [186], "was": [188], "sampling.": [192], "When": [193], "are": [196], "perfectly": [197], "compatible,": [198], "envisioned": [200], "Hennig,": [202], "becomes": [205], "unnecessary;": [206], "would": [210], "show": [211], "significant": [212], "if": [217], "defined": [220], "three": [222], "more": [224], "characters.": [225]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 273}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 847}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 965}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1088}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1303}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1840}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1861}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1662}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1551}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1596}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1678}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1858}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1828}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1789}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1820}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2100379340", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540", "title": "User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward A Unified View1", "display_name": "User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward A Unified View1", "publication_year": 2003, "publication_date": "2003-09-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2100379340", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540", "mag": "2100379340"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.2307/30036540", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57293258", "display_name": "MIS Quarterly", "issn_l": "0276-7783", "issn": ["0276-7783", "2162-9730"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4327875293", "host_organization_name": "MIS Quarterly", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4327875293"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["MIS Quarterly"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "MIS Quarterly", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109844665", "display_name": "Venkatesh", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I66946132", "display_name": "University of Maryland, College Park", "ror": "https://ror.org/047s2c258", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Viswanath Venkatesh", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, Van Munching Hall, College Park, MD 20742, U.S.A", "University of Maryland  College Park MD"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, Van Munching Hall, College Park, MD 20742, U.S.A", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Maryland  College Park MD", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101467028", "display_name": "Jeremy Morris", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8861-9929"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I51556381", "display_name": "University of Virginia", "ror": "https://ror.org/0153tk833", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Michael G. Morris", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["McIntire School of Commerce, University of Virginia, Monroe Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2493, U.S.A", "Univ of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA;"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "McIntire School of Commerce, University of Virginia, Monroe Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2493, U.S.A", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Univ of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA;", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110350395", "display_name": "Davis", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I130238516", "display_name": "University of Minnesota", "ror": "https://ror.org/017zqws13", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gordon B. Davis", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, 321 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A", "University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Mn"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, 321 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Mn", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110350395", "display_name": "Davis", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I78715868", "display_name": "University of Arkansas at Fayetteville", "ror": "https://ror.org/05jbt9m15", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Fred D. Davis", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Sam M. Walton College of Business, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701-1201, U.S.A", "\u00b6University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Sam M. Walton College of Business, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701-1201, U.S.A", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "\u00b6University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5109844665"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I66946132"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 366.0851, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 40943, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "27", "issue": "3", "first_page": "425", "last_page": "478"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10068", "display_name": "Technology Adoption and User Behaviour", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1802", "display_name": "Information Systems and Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10068", "display_name": "Technology Adoption and User Behaviour", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1802", "display_name": "Information Systems and Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10609", "display_name": "Digital Marketing and Social Media", "score": 0.9947999715805054, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10154", "display_name": "Customer Service Quality and Loyalty", "score": 0.9896000027656555, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1407", "display_name": "Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/14", "display_name": "Business, Management and Accounting"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-acceptance-model", "display_name": "Technology acceptance model", "score": 0.5544356107711792}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management", "display_name": "Knowledge management", "score": 0.4856082499027252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology", "display_name": "Information technology", "score": 0.4601813554763794}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.4584405720233917}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system", "display_name": "Information system", "score": 0.4296700954437256}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/business", "display_name": "Business", "score": 0.36447417736053467}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction", "display_name": "Human\u2013computer interaction", "score": 0.2902524471282959}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.2711910009384155}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/usability", "display_name": "Usability", "score": 0.21097439527511597}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776185967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112945", "display_name": "Technology acceptance model", "level": 3, "score": 0.5544356107711792}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C56739046", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060", "display_name": "Knowledge management", "level": 1, "score": 0.4856082499027252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121017731", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661", "display_name": "Information technology", "level": 2, "score": 0.4601813554763794}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4584405720233917}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180198813", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182", "display_name": "Information system", "level": 2, "score": 0.4296700954437256}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453", "display_name": "Business", "level": 0, "score": 0.36447417736053467}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C107457646", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434", "display_name": "Human\u2013computer interaction", "level": 1, "score": 0.2902524471282959}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.2711910009384155}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C170130773", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378", "display_name": "Usability", "level": 2, "score": 0.21097439527511597}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119599485", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035", "display_name": "Electrical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.2307/30036540", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57293258", "display_name": "MIS Quarterly", "issn_l": "0276-7783", "issn": ["0276-7783", "2162-9730"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4327875293", "host_organization_name": "MIS Quarterly", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4327875293"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["MIS Quarterly"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "MIS Quarterly", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9", "display_name": "Industry, innovation and infrastructure", "score": 0.6200000047683716}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 85, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W71490231", "https://openalex.org/W168200403", "https://openalex.org/W1480415088", "https://openalex.org/W1484020476", "https://openalex.org/W1497226654", "https://openalex.org/W1503436739", "https://openalex.org/W1548408014", "https://openalex.org/W1552354328", "https://openalex.org/W1559269151", "https://openalex.org/W1569420604", "https://openalex.org/W1587451402", "https://openalex.org/W1593544550", "https://openalex.org/W1644620247", "https://openalex.org/W1652257166", "https://openalex.org/W1706385572", "https://openalex.org/W1774460361", "https://openalex.org/W1791587663", "https://openalex.org/W1806511771", "https://openalex.org/W1972327959", "https://openalex.org/W1973144792", "https://openalex.org/W1976927254", "https://openalex.org/W1980208531", "https://openalex.org/W1980336349", "https://openalex.org/W1980569376", "https://openalex.org/W1983629797", "https://openalex.org/W1984536024", "https://openalex.org/W1985419904", "https://openalex.org/W1987198869", "https://openalex.org/W1990513740", "https://openalex.org/W1991096948", "https://openalex.org/W1991499703", "https://openalex.org/W1994279764", "https://openalex.org/W1995143368", "https://openalex.org/W1997976195", "https://openalex.org/W1998581510", "https://openalex.org/W2008441192", "https://openalex.org/W2010890191", "https://openalex.org/W2012287519", "https://openalex.org/W2012916929", "https://openalex.org/W2016215833", "https://openalex.org/W2027050656", "https://openalex.org/W2032661354", "https://openalex.org/W2033943395", "https://openalex.org/W2034444111", "https://openalex.org/W2036389121", "https://openalex.org/W2037846862", "https://openalex.org/W2041026297", "https://openalex.org/W2042629033", "https://openalex.org/W2050075077", "https://openalex.org/W2050920023", "https://openalex.org/W2051335149", "https://openalex.org/W2052663688", "https://openalex.org/W2053072668", "https://openalex.org/W2055107211", "https://openalex.org/W2064430351", "https://openalex.org/W2070350723", "https://openalex.org/W2071689637", "https://openalex.org/W2084251300", "https://openalex.org/W2085666545", "https://openalex.org/W2088503423", "https://openalex.org/W2099697766", "https://openalex.org/W2100408980", "https://openalex.org/W2108617106", "https://openalex.org/W2111230857", "https://openalex.org/W2117948235", "https://openalex.org/W2118816802", "https://openalex.org/W2119609434", "https://openalex.org/W2121048504", "https://openalex.org/W2122369275", "https://openalex.org/W2126512988", "https://openalex.org/W2128070591", "https://openalex.org/W2130801612", "https://openalex.org/W2135212622", "https://openalex.org/W2147712965", "https://openalex.org/W2151018020", "https://openalex.org/W2162061662", "https://openalex.org/W2166982098", "https://openalex.org/W2168569455", "https://openalex.org/W2170483915", "https://openalex.org/W2397705735", "https://openalex.org/W2797247465", "https://openalex.org/W2888190061", "https://openalex.org/W4230637740", "https://openalex.org/W4238635338", "https://openalex.org/W4243672851"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W113404779", "https://openalex.org/W2279108091", "https://openalex.org/W3128655208", "https://openalex.org/W2039295206", "https://openalex.org/W88330016", "https://openalex.org/W317264113", "https://openalex.org/W2752817291", "https://openalex.org/W2169678158", "https://openalex.org/W2279791702", "https://openalex.org/W1555433214"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Information": [0], "technology": [1, 70, 85, 231, 304], "(IT)": [2], "acceptance": [3, 15, 24, 71, 86, 240], "research": [4, 275], "has": [5], "yielded": [6], "many": [7], "competing": [8], "models,": [9, 30, 51], "each": [10], "with": [11, 117, 159, 200, 206, 302], "different": [12], "sets": [13], "of": [14, 66, 78, 91, 96, 120, 132, 150, 154, 163, 172, 193, 211, 227, 239, 254, 281, 289], "determinants.": [16], "In": [17], "this": [18], "paper,": [19], "we": [20], "(1)": [21], "review": [22], "user": [23, 136], "literature": [25], "and": [26, 37, 52, 88, 103, 129, 152, 165, 167, 183, 233, 263, 296], "discuss": [27], "eight": [28, 35, 50, 60, 123, 188], "prominent": [29], "(2)": [31], "empirically": [32, 54], "compare": [33], "the": [34, 49, 56, 64, 69, 73, 76, 84, 89, 94, 99, 104, 122, 133, 147, 180, 187, 225, 237, 282, 290, 298], "models": [36, 61, 124, 190], "their": [38], "extensions,": [39], "(3)": [40], "formulate": [41], "a": [42, 81, 114, 143, 217, 278], "unified": [43, 57, 144], "model": [44, 82, 87, 95], "that": [45, 256], "integrates": [46], "elements": [47], "across": [48], "(4)": [53], "validate": [55], "model.": [58], "The": [59, 267], "reviewed": [62], "are": [63], "theory": [65, 77, 90], "reasoned": [67], "action,": [68], "model,": [72, 75, 145], "motivational": [74], "planned": [79, 92], "behavior,": [80, 93], "combining": [83], "PC": [97], "utilization,": [98], "innovation": [100], "diffusion": [101], "theory,": [102], "social": [105], "cognitive": [106], "theory.": [107], "Using": [108], "data": [109, 182, 201], "from": [110, 202], "four": [111, 160, 170], "organizations": [112, 205], "over": [113], "six-month": [115], "period": [116], "three": [118], "points": [119], "measurement,": [121], "explained": [125], "between": [126], "17": [127], "percent": [128, 131], "53": [130], "variance": [134], "in": [135, 241, 294], "intentions": [137], "to": [138, 169, 185, 223, 243, 261], "use": [139, 264], "information": [140], "technology.": [141], "Next,": [142], "called": [146], "Unified": [148], "Theory": [149], "Acceptance": [151], "Use": [153], "Technology": [155], "(UTAUT),": [156], "was": [157, 176, 197], "formulated,": [158], "core": [161, 291], "determinants": [162], "intention": [164], "usage,": [166], "up": [168], "moderators": [171], "key": [173], "relationships.": [174], "UTAUT": [175, 196, 214], "then": [177, 198], "tested": [178], "using": [179], "original": [181], "found": [184], "outperform": [186], "individual": [189], "(adjusted": [191, 209], "R2": [192, 210], "69": [194], "percent).": [195, 213], "confirmed": [199], "two": [203], "new": [204, 230, 265, 303], "similar": [207], "results": [208], "70": [212], "thus": [215], "provides": [216], "useful": [218], "tool": [219], "for": [220, 229, 273], "managers": [221], "needing": [222], "assess": [224], "likelihood": [226], "success": [228], "introductions": [232], "helps": [234], "them": [235], "understand": [236], "drivers": [238], "order": [242], "proactively": [244], "design": [245], "interventions": [246], "(including": [247], "training,": [248], "marketing,": [249], "etc.)": [250], "targeted": [251], "at": [252], "populations": [253], "users": [255], "may": [257], "be": [258], "less": [259], "inclined": [260], "adopt": [262], "systems.": [266], "paper": [268], "also": [269], "makes": [270], "several": [271], "recommendations": [272], "future": [274], "including": [276], "developing": [277], "deeper": [279], "understanding": [280, 297], "dynamic": [283], "influences": [284], "studied": [285], "here,": [286], "refining": [287], "measurement": [288], "constructs": [292], "used": [293], "UTAUT,": [295], "organizational": [299], "outcomes": [300], "associated": [301], "use.": [305]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1406}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4838}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3980}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3747}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3468}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3243}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2547}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2139}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1861}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1650}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1556}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1765}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1687}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1389}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1219}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2120062331", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1972842", "title": "Handbook of Mathematical Functions", "display_name": "Handbook of Mathematical Functions", "publication_year": 1966, "publication_date": "1966-02-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2120062331", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1972842", "mag": "2120062331"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1119/1.1972842", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1972842", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S38866342", "display_name": "American Journal of Physics", "issn_l": "0002-9505", "issn": ["0002-9505", "1943-2909"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "American Journal of Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018694596", "display_name": "Donald A. McQuarrie", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Donald A. McQuarrie", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["North American Aviation Science Center, Thousand Oaks, California"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "North American Aviation Science Center, Thousand Oaks, California", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5018694596"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 218.815, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 40906, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "34", "issue": "2", "first_page": "177", "last_page": "177"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10963", "display_name": "Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research", "score": 0.1445000022649765, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2612", "display_name": "Numerical Analysis"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10963", "display_name": "Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research", "score": 0.1445000022649765, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2612", "display_name": "Numerical Analysis"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14500", "display_name": "Advanced Mathematical Theories", "score": 0.1429000049829483, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2610", "display_name": "Mathematical Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10792", "display_name": "Matrix Theory and Algorithms", "score": 0.12290000170469284, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1703", "display_name": "Computational Theory and Mathematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.8969196081161499}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-physics", "display_name": "Theoretical physics", "score": 0.3865395486354828}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics", "display_name": "Applied mathematics", "score": 0.326338529586792}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "score": 0.3229372799396515}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.8969196081161499}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33332235", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362", "display_name": "Theoretical physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3865395486354828}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C28826006", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521", "display_name": "Applied mathematics", "level": 1, "score": 0.326338529586792}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121864883", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3229372799396515}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1119/1.1972842", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1972842", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S38866342", "display_name": "American Journal of Physics", "issn_l": "0002-9505", "issn": ["0002-9505", "1943-2909"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "American Journal of Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2935759653", "https://openalex.org/W3105167352", "https://openalex.org/W54078636", "https://openalex.org/W2954470139", "https://openalex.org/W1501425562", "https://openalex.org/W2902782467", "https://openalex.org/W3084825885", "https://openalex.org/W2298861036", "https://openalex.org/W3148032049", "https://openalex.org/W2271181815"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"First": [0], "Page": [1]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 70}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 184}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 161}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 169}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 510}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 491}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 566}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 492}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 618}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 753}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 951}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1124}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1111}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1179}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1562208008", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158", "title": "Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control", "display_name": "Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control", "publication_year": 1999, "publication_date": "1999-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1562208008", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158", "mag": "1562208008"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S18971317", "display_name": "Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy", "issn_l": "0889-8391", "issn": ["0889-8391", "1938-887X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319965", "host_organization_name": "Springer Nature", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110910530", "display_name": "Albert Bandura", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Albert Bandura", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Stanford U, Stanford, CA, US"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford U, Stanford, CA, US", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5019637527", "display_name": "Wendy Freeman", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "W. H. Freeman", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020349487", "display_name": "Richard Lightsey", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I94658018", "display_name": "University of Memphis", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cq23130", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Richard Lightsey", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["The University of Memphis"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "The University of Memphis", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5110910530"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 455.1432, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 40825, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "13", "issue": "2", "first_page": "158", "last_page": "166"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11542", "display_name": "Behavioral Health and Interventions", "score": 0.10790000110864639, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3202", "display_name": "Applied Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11542", "display_name": "Behavioral Health and Interventions", "score": 0.10790000110864639, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3202", "display_name": "Applied Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11400", "display_name": "Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports", "score": 0.027400000020861626, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10708", "display_name": "Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions", "score": 0.021400000900030136, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3203", "display_name": "Clinical Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.7315311431884766}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/self-control", "display_name": "Self-control", "score": 0.5438336730003357}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/self-efficacy", "display_name": "Self-efficacy", "score": 0.5011703968048096}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychotherapist", "display_name": "Psychotherapist", "score": 0.4125622808933258}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology", "display_name": "Clinical psychology", "score": 0.3890001177787781}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology", "display_name": "Social psychology", "score": 0.3220217227935791}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.7315311431884766}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C32362775", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1405524", "display_name": "Self-control", "level": 2, "score": 0.5438336730003357}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C110131835", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153659", "display_name": "Self-efficacy", "level": 2, "score": 0.5011703968048096}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257", "display_name": "Psychotherapist", "level": 1, "score": 0.4125622808933258}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70410870", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906", "display_name": "Clinical psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3890001177787781}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3220217227935791}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S18971317", "display_name": "Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy", "issn_l": "0889-8391", "issn": ["0889-8391", "1938-887X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319965", "host_organization_name": "Springer Nature", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007764580", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=007764580&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016749370", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=016749370&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017079835", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=017079835&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024585824", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=024585824&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2293471625", "https://openalex.org/W2547249285", "https://openalex.org/W2889071105", "https://openalex.org/W2304228402", "https://openalex.org/W4313485131", "https://openalex.org/W2793366724", "https://openalex.org/W2595083958", "https://openalex.org/W2947914510"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 65}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1250}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 969}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 973}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1047}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1903}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2106}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2111}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1998}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2169}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2425}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2710}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2694}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2490}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2382}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2132525235", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.22885", "title": "Multiwfn: A multifunctional wavefunction analyzer", "display_name": "Multiwfn: A multifunctional wavefunction analyzer", "publication_year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-12-08", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2132525235", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.22885", "mag": "2132525235", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22162017"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/jcc.22885", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.22885", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S21117631", "display_name": "Journal of Computational Chemistry", "issn_l": "0192-8651", "issn": ["0192-8651", "1096-987X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Computational Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5069147938", "display_name": "Tian Lu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1822-1229"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I75390827", "display_name": "Beijing University of Chemical Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00df5yc52", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I92403157", "display_name": "University of Science and Technology Beijing", "ror": "https://ror.org/02egmk993", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Tian Lu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of chemistry and chemical engineer, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China. sobereva@sina.com", "Department of chemistry and chemical engineer, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of chemistry and chemical engineer, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China. sobereva@sina.com", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of chemistry and chemical engineer, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5010589139", "display_name": "Feiwu Chen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2420-2419"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I92403157", "display_name": "University of Science and Technology Beijing", "ror": "https://ror.org/02egmk993", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Feiwu Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of chemistry and chemical engineer, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of chemistry and chemical engineer, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5069147938"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I75390827", "https://openalex.org/I92403157"], "apc_list": {"value": 4840, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4840}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 90.0081, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 40696, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99983917, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "33", "issue": "5", "first_page": "580", "last_page": "592"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 0.9987999796867371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10002", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Physics Studies", "score": 0.9987999796867371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12327", "display_name": "Various Chemistry Research Topics", "score": 0.9980999827384949, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1606", "display_name": "Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10798", "display_name": "Crystallography and molecular interactions", "score": 0.996399998664856, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1606", "display_name": "Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16", "display_name": "Chemistry"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-function", "display_name": "Wave function", "score": 0.6635309457778931}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5962421298027039}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graph", "display_name": "Graph", "score": 0.4677678942680359}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science", "display_name": "Computational science", "score": 0.4154207706451416}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "score": 0.3640393614768982}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.22004950046539307}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.19407346844673157}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C113603373", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2362761", "display_name": "Wave function", "level": 2, "score": 0.6635309457778931}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5962421298027039}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C132525143", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488", "display_name": "Graph", "level": 2, "score": 0.4677678942680359}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C459310", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801", "display_name": "Computational science", "level": 1, "score": 0.4154207706451416}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C80444323", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3640393614768982}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.22004950046539307}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.19407346844673157}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1002/jcc.22885", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.22885", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S21117631", "display_name": "Journal of Computational Chemistry", "issn_l": "0192-8651", "issn": ["0192-8651", "1096-987X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Computational Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:22162017", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22162017", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of computational chemistry", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 90, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1040044172", "https://openalex.org/W1501145371", "https://openalex.org/W1504770578", "https://openalex.org/W1513923893", "https://openalex.org/W1521042556", "https://openalex.org/W1522122235", "https://openalex.org/W1522205938", "https://openalex.org/W1548914255", "https://openalex.org/W1550061415", "https://openalex.org/W1597773817", "https://openalex.org/W1600906090", "https://openalex.org/W1650728208", "https://openalex.org/W1964004579", "https://openalex.org/W1964716529", "https://openalex.org/W1966587798", "https://openalex.org/W1966949133", "https://openalex.org/W1967824245", "https://openalex.org/W1968392598", "https://openalex.org/W1968666665", "https://openalex.org/W1971275758", "https://openalex.org/W1979907385", "https://openalex.org/W1980753286", "https://openalex.org/W1981111904", "https://openalex.org/W1982356449", "https://openalex.org/W1982539988", "https://openalex.org/W1985583109", "https://openalex.org/W1986647570", "https://openalex.org/W1995875735", "https://openalex.org/W1996224669", "https://openalex.org/W2000872531", "https://openalex.org/W2002522774", "https://openalex.org/W2005279069", "https://openalex.org/W2009458392", "https://openalex.org/W2011314414", "https://openalex.org/W2011804861", "https://openalex.org/W2018070595", "https://openalex.org/W2022950330", "https://openalex.org/W2023246165", "https://openalex.org/W2025417017", "https://openalex.org/W2026204445", "https://openalex.org/W2026975368", "https://openalex.org/W2027408552", "https://openalex.org/W2027436047", "https://openalex.org/W2027479680", "https://openalex.org/W2029667189", "https://openalex.org/W2032381493", "https://openalex.org/W2034539597", "https://openalex.org/W2035091975", "https://openalex.org/W2037993052", "https://openalex.org/W2038059896", "https://openalex.org/W2038583777", "https://openalex.org/W2038859806", "https://openalex.org/W2042944554", "https://openalex.org/W2044490585", "https://openalex.org/W2046001773", "https://openalex.org/W2046412723", "https://openalex.org/W2047788433", "https://openalex.org/W2050470003", "https://openalex.org/W2058221878", "https://openalex.org/W2061251356", "https://openalex.org/W2062648325", "https://openalex.org/W2063060768", "https://openalex.org/W2071955309", "https://openalex.org/W2073450138", "https://openalex.org/W2074337891", "https://openalex.org/W2075648013", "https://openalex.org/W2076466390", "https://openalex.org/W2082309611", "https://openalex.org/W2091447200", "https://openalex.org/W2093914988", "https://openalex.org/W2094376917", "https://openalex.org/W2094642658", "https://openalex.org/W2104919283", "https://openalex.org/W2112160842", "https://openalex.org/W2115234143", "https://openalex.org/W2120901082", "https://openalex.org/W2128607364", "https://openalex.org/W2135581009", "https://openalex.org/W2141074519", "https://openalex.org/W2150301726", "https://openalex.org/W2152970491", "https://openalex.org/W2155722532", "https://openalex.org/W2325686876", "https://openalex.org/W2327464982", "https://openalex.org/W2331727781", "https://openalex.org/W2468931731", "https://openalex.org/W2483548563", "https://openalex.org/W2751150447", "https://openalex.org/W4240192155", "https://openalex.org/W4255725871"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2390279801", "https://openalex.org/W2358668433", "https://openalex.org/W2376932109", "https://openalex.org/W2382290278", "https://openalex.org/W2350741829", "https://openalex.org/W2130043461", "https://openalex.org/W2530322880", "https://openalex.org/W1596801655"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Multiwfn": [0, 111], "is": [1, 97, 112, 119, 154], "a": [2, 30, 33, 37, 136], "multifunctional": [3], "program": [4, 95, 153], "for": [5, 59, 102], "wavefunction": [6, 82], "analysis.": [7, 42, 46, 50], "Its": [8, 117, 160], "main": [9], "functions": [10], "are:": [11], "(1)": [12], "Calculating": [13], "and": [14, 23, 54, 100, 105, 115, 141, 158, 163], "visualizing": [15], "real": [16], "space": [17], "function,": [18], "such": [19], "as": [20], "electrostatic": [21], "potential": [22], "electron": [24, 60], "localization": [25], "function": [26], "at": [27], "point,": [28], "in": [29, 32, 36, 67], "line,": [31], "plane": [34], "or": [35, 88], "spatial": [38], "scope.": [39], "(2)": [40], "Population": [41], "(3)": [43], "Bond": [44], "order": [45], "(4)": [47], "Orbital": [48], "composition": [49], "(5)": [51], "Plot": [52], "density-of-states": [53], "spectrum.": [55], "(6)": [56], "Topology": [57], "analysis": [58, 83, 142], "density.": [61], "Some": [62], "other": [63], "useful": [64], "utilities": [65], "involved": [66], "quantum": [68], "chemistry": [69], "studies": [70], "are": [71, 144, 166], "also": [72], "provided.": [73], "The": [74, 94, 108, 152], "built-in": [75], "graph": [76], "module": [77], "enables": [78], "the": [79, 129, 148], "results": [80], "of": [81, 110, 139, 150, 156], "to": [84, 90, 121, 146], "be": [85, 122], "plotted": [86], "directly": [87], "exported": [89], "high-quality": [91], "graphic": [92], "file.": [93], "interface": [96], "very": [98], "user-friendly": [99], "suitable": [101], "both": [103], "research": [104], "teaching": [106], "purpose.": [107], "code": [109], "substantially": [113], "optimized": [114], "parallelized.": [116], "efficiency": [118], "demonstrated": [120], "significantly": [123], "higher": [124], "than": [125], "related": [126], "programs": [127], "with": [128], "same": [130], "functions.": [131], "Five": [132], "practical": [133], "examples": [134], "involving": [135], "wide": [137], "variety": [138], "systems": [140], "methods": [143], "given": [145], "illustrate": [147], "usefulness": [149], "Multiwfn.": [151], "free": [155], "charge": [157], "open-source.": [159], "precompiled": [161], "file": [162], "source": [164], "codes": [165], "available": [167], "from": [168], "http://multiwfn.codeplex.com.": [169]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2440}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 9164}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 7938}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6059}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4641}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3302}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2262}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1444}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1107}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 866}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 610}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 443}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 262}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 106}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 40}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2053154970", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000104", "title": "A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales", "display_name": "A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales", "publication_year": 1960, "publication_date": "1960-04-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2053154970", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000104", "mag": "2053154970"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1177/001316446002000104", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000104", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S176831015", "display_name": "Educational and Psychological Measurement", "issn_l": "0013-1644", "issn": ["0013-1644", "1552-3888"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320017", "host_organization_name": "SAGE Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["SAGE Publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Educational and Psychological Measurement", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5013165905", "display_name": "Jacob Cohen", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I57206974", "display_name": "New York University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0190ak572", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jacob Cohen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["New York University", "NEW YORK U"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "New York University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "NEW YORK U", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5013165905"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I57206974"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 12.98, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 40579, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.98432251, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "20", "issue": "1", "first_page": "37", "last_page": "46"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13309", "display_name": "Reliability and Agreement in Measurement", "score": 0.9991000294685364, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13309", "display_name": "Reliability and Agreement in Measurement", "score": 0.9991000294685364, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10050", "display_name": "Multi-Criteria Decision Making", "score": 0.9203000068664551, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.5126191973686218}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.4334678053855896}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.5126191973686218}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.4334678053855896}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1177/001316446002000104", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000104", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S176831015", "display_name": "Educational and Psychological Measurement", "issn_l": "0013-1644", "issn": ["0013-1644", "1552-3888"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320017", "host_organization_name": "SAGE Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["SAGE Publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Educational and Psychological Measurement", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13", "display_name": "Climate action", "score": 0.6200000047683716}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 6, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2071206549", "https://openalex.org/W2093349432", "https://openalex.org/W2133943399", "https://openalex.org/W2163329495", "https://openalex.org/W2783254024", "https://openalex.org/W4238306122"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1979597421", "https://openalex.org/W2007980826", "https://openalex.org/W4245490552", "https://openalex.org/W4225152035", "https://openalex.org/W2061531152", "https://openalex.org/W3002753104", "https://openalex.org/W2077600819", "https://openalex.org/W1587224694", "https://openalex.org/W2911598644", "https://openalex.org/W2142036596"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 586}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2432}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2236}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2399}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2436}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2525}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2366}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1905}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1643}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1571}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1473}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1348}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1465}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1380}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1289}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2132632499", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121", "title": "MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods", "display_name": "MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods", "publication_year": 2011, "publication_date": "2011-05-04", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2132632499", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121", "mag": "2132632499", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21546353"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/molbev/msr121", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/28/10/2731/2954190/msr121.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/28/10/2731/2954190/msr121.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007823743", "display_name": "Koichiro Tamura", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-5399"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I55732556", "display_name": "Arizona State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03efmqc40", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I69740276", "display_name": "Tokyo Metropolitan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00ws30h19", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}], "countries": ["JP", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "K. Tamura", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan", "Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5050197338", "display_name": "Daniel G. Peterson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0274-5968"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I55732556", "display_name": "Arizona State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03efmqc40", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "D. Peterson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110852504", "display_name": "Nora Peterson", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I55732556", "display_name": "Arizona State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03efmqc40", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "N. Peterson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5067791761", "display_name": "Glen Stecher", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I55732556", "display_name": "Arizona State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03efmqc40", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "G. Stecher", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109177049", "display_name": "M Nei", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I130769515", "display_name": "Pennsylvania State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04p491231", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "M. Nei", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biology and the Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, The Pennsylvania State University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biology and the Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, The Pennsylvania State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100680948", "display_name": "Sudhir Kumar", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-8212"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I55732556", "display_name": "Arizona State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03efmqc40", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "S. Kumar", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University", "School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 6, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5100680948"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"], "apc_list": {"value": 3255, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3255}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 2361.6097, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 40228, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "28", "issue": "10", "first_page": "2731", "last_page": "2739"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10012", "display_name": "Genetic diversity and population structure", "score": 0.9988999962806702, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311", "display_name": "Genetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11764", "display_name": "Evolution and Genetic Dynamics", "score": 0.9962999820709229, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311", "display_name": "Genetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetic-tree", "display_name": "Phylogenetic tree", "score": 0.7961995005607605}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.7576490640640259}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-parsimony", "display_name": "Maximum parsimony", "score": 0.6487250328063965}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mega", "display_name": "Mega-", "score": 0.6361939907073975}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetics", "display_name": "Phylogenetics", "score": 0.5265054106712341}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tree", "display_name": "Tree (set theory)", "score": 0.5169298052787781}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "score": 0.515791654586792}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-evolution", "display_name": "Molecular evolution", "score": 0.5027823448181152}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software", "display_name": "Software", "score": 0.4448775351047516}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/inference", "display_name": "Inference", "score": 0.4301987886428833}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.38033902645111084}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.2789454758167267}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.2624303698539734}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.24499186873435974}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/clade", "display_name": "Clade", "score": 0.21211692690849304}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.19993028044700623}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.09162634611129761}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C193252679", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125", "display_name": "Phylogenetic tree", "level": 3, "score": 0.7961995005607605}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.7576490640640259}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C22799545", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1805805", "display_name": "Maximum parsimony", "level": 5, "score": 0.6487250328063965}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781078984", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107205", "display_name": "Mega-", "level": 2, "score": 0.6361939907073975}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C90132467", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184", "display_name": "Phylogenetics", "level": 3, "score": 0.5265054106712341}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C113174947", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736", "display_name": "Tree (set theory)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5169298052787781}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.515791654586792}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166393388", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856529", "display_name": "Molecular evolution", "level": 4, "score": 0.5027823448181152}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.4448775351047516}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776214188", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386", "display_name": "Inference", "level": 2, "score": 0.4301987886428833}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.38033902645111084}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.2789454758167267}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.2624303698539734}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.24499186873435974}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C44465124", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713623", "display_name": "Clade", "level": 4, "score": 0.21211692690849304}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.19993028044700623}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.09162634611129761}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C1276947", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333", "display_name": "Astronomy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754", "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001499", "descriptor_name": "Bayes Theorem", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001499", "descriptor_name": "Bayes Theorem", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001499", "descriptor_name": "Bayes Theorem", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003198", "descriptor_name": "Computer Simulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003198", "descriptor_name": "Computer Simulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003198", "descriptor_name": "Computer Simulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008957", "descriptor_name": "Models, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008957", "descriptor_name": "Models, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008957", "descriptor_name": "Models, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008967", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008967", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008967", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009154", "descriptor_name": "Mutation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009154", "descriptor_name": "Mutation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009154", "descriptor_name": "Mutation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014584", "descriptor_name": "User-Computer Interface", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014584", "descriptor_name": "User-Computer Interface", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014584", "descriptor_name": "User-Computer Interface", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016013", "descriptor_name": "Likelihood Functions", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016013", "descriptor_name": "Likelihood Functions", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016013", "descriptor_name": "Likelihood Functions", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017422", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, DNA", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019143", "descriptor_name": "Evolution, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019143", "descriptor_name": "Evolution, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019143", "descriptor_name": "Evolution, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019943", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Substitution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019943", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Substitution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019943", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Substitution", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D030541", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Genetic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D057225", "descriptor_name": "Data Mining", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D057225", "descriptor_name": "Data Mining", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D057225", "descriptor_name": "Data Mining", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/molbev/msr121", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/28/10/2731/2954190/msr121.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:21546353", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21546353", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular biology and evolution", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3203626", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3203626", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Mol Biol Evol", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/molbev/msr121", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/28/10/2731/2954190/msr121.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2132632499.pdf"}, "referenced_works_count": 46, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W420957490", "https://openalex.org/W1487781539", "https://openalex.org/W1507241016", "https://openalex.org/W1519266993", "https://openalex.org/W1594175410", "https://openalex.org/W1968371014", "https://openalex.org/W1989119850", "https://openalex.org/W1996835973", "https://openalex.org/W2009596137", "https://openalex.org/W2017519756", "https://openalex.org/W2030966943", "https://openalex.org/W2031053199", "https://openalex.org/W2032227091", "https://openalex.org/W2062405202", "https://openalex.org/W2082928585", "https://openalex.org/W2097403532", "https://openalex.org/W2097706568", "https://openalex.org/W2099364951", "https://openalex.org/W2100806401", "https://openalex.org/W2101846955", "https://openalex.org/W2102424972", "https://openalex.org/W2103546861", "https://openalex.org/W2104898129", "https://openalex.org/W2110899053", "https://openalex.org/W2111211467", "https://openalex.org/W2111762123", "https://openalex.org/W2116210362", "https://openalex.org/W2117752525", "https://openalex.org/W2121677860", "https://openalex.org/W2124023322", "https://openalex.org/W2124790653", "https://openalex.org/W2125359798", "https://openalex.org/W2129798238", "https://openalex.org/W2133104753", "https://openalex.org/W2142150428", "https://openalex.org/W2144775551", "https://openalex.org/W2164789250", "https://openalex.org/W2168175751", "https://openalex.org/W2168696662", "https://openalex.org/W2181358262", "https://openalex.org/W2187450834", "https://openalex.org/W2235442146", "https://openalex.org/W2413917413", "https://openalex.org/W3184352463", "https://openalex.org/W3217097258", "https://openalex.org/W4205911826"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2376496130", "https://openalex.org/W2520823390", "https://openalex.org/W4300265711", "https://openalex.org/W2963820820", "https://openalex.org/W2385181149", "https://openalex.org/W2174809885", "https://openalex.org/W2963207658", "https://openalex.org/W2883025420", "https://openalex.org/W2057191541", "https://openalex.org/W2949296710"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Comparative": [0], "analysis": [1], "of": [2, 13, 21, 27, 36, 62, 79, 127, 133, 136, 165, 173, 200], "molecular": [3], "sequence": [4, 54], "data": [5], "is": [6, 45, 76, 175, 197], "essential": [7], "for": [8, 49, 84, 162, 177, 186], "reconstructing": [9], "the": [10, 17, 25, 34, 131, 134, 163, 178], "evolutionary": [11, 63, 86, 106], "histories": [12], "species": [14], "and": [15, 19, 29, 56, 59, 69, 99, 104, 130, 141, 168, 181, 193], "inferring": [16, 85, 96], "nature": [18], "extent": [20], "selective": [22], "forces": [23], "shaping": [24], "evolution": [26], "genes": [28], "species.": [30], "Here,": [31], "we": [32], "announce": [33], "release": [35], "Molecular": [37], "Evolutionary": [38], "Genetics": [39], "Analysis": [40], "version": [41, 172], "5": [42], "(MEGA5),": [43], "which": [44], "a": [46, 77], "user-friendly": [47], "software": [48, 123], "mining": [50], "online": [51], "databases,": [52], "building": [53], "alignments": [55], "phylogenetic": [57, 137], "trees,": [58, 87, 138], "using": [60], "methods": [61], "bioinformatics": [64], "in": [65, 74, 117, 125], "basic": [66], "biology,": [67], "biomedicine,": [68], "evolution.": [70], "The": [71, 146], "newest": [72], "addition": [73], "MEGA5": [75, 118], "collection": [78], "maximum": [80], "likelihood": [81], "(ML)": [82], "analyses": [83], "selecting": [88], "best-fit": [89], "substitution": [90, 139], "models": [91], "(nucleotide": [92], "or": [93], "amino": [94], "acid),": [95], "ancestral": [97], "states": [98], "sequences": [100], "(along": [101], "with": [102, 121], "probabilities),": [103], "estimating": [105], "rates": [107], "site-by-site.": [108], "In": [109], "computer": [110], "simulation": [111], "analyses,": [112], "ML": [113], "tree": [114], "inference": [115], "algorithms": [116], "compared": [119], "favorably": [120], "other": [122], "packages": [124], "terms": [126], "computational": [128], "efficiency": [129], "accuracy": [132], "estimates": [135], "parameters,": [140], "rate": [142], "variation": [143], "among": [144], "sites.": [145], "MEGA": [147, 174], "user": [148], "interface": [149], "has": [150, 183], "now": [151], "been": [152, 184], "enhanced": [153], "to": [154, 158], "be": [155], "activity": [156], "driven": [157], "make": [159], "it": [160, 182], "easier": [161], "use": [164, 188], "both": [166], "beginners": [167], "experienced": [169], "scientists.": [170], "This": [171], "intended": [176], "Windows": [179], "platform,": [180], "configured": [185], "effective": [187], "on": [189], "Mac": [190], "OS": [191], "X": [192], "Linux": [194], "desktops.": [195], "It": [196], "available": [198], "free": [199], "charge": [201], "from": [202], "http://www.megasoftware.net.": [203]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 103}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 523}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 754}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 862}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1194}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1423}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1721}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1811}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2176}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2810}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3900}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 5216}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 7034}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 6323}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3664}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4239510810", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00994018", "title": "Support-vector networks", "display_name": "Support-vector networks", "publication_year": 1995, "publication_date": "1995-09-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4239510810", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00994018"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/bf00994018", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00994018", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00994018.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S62148650", "display_name": "Machine Learning", "issn_l": "0885-6125", "issn": ["0885-6125", "1573-0565"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Machine Learning", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00994018.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5013243115", "display_name": "Corinna Cortes", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1283103587", "display_name": "AT&T (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/02bbd5539", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Corinna Cortes", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["AT&T Bell Labs., 07733, Holmdel, NJ, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "AT&T Bell Labs., 07733, Holmdel, NJ, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062753972", "display_name": "Vladimir Vapnik", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1283103587", "display_name": "AT&T (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/02bbd5539", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Vladimir Vapnik", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["AT&T Bell Labs., 07733, Holmdel, NJ, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "AT&T Bell Labs., 07733, Holmdel, NJ, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5013243115"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"], "apc_list": {"value": 2390, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 2990}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 13.5251, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 40053, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.98879491, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "20", "issue": "3", "first_page": "273", "last_page": "297"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10057", "display_name": "Face and Expression Recognition", "score": 0.9991000294685364, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12676", "display_name": "Machine Learning and ELM", "score": 0.9972000122070312, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector", "display_name": "Feature vector", "score": 0.721431314945221}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization", "display_name": "Generalization", "score": 0.7130733132362366}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine", "display_name": "Support vector machine", "score": 0.6632477045059204}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.6218661069869995}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.6009458303451538}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance-vector-machine", "display_name": "Relevance vector machine", "score": 0.5994608402252197}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/structured-support-vector-machine", "display_name": "Structured support vector machine", "score": 0.5686488151550293}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension", "display_name": "Dimension (graph theory)", "score": 0.5496677756309509}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark", "display_name": "Benchmark (surveying)", "score": 0.5242693424224854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-space", "display_name": "Vector space", "score": 0.5104821920394897}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/feature", "display_name": "Feature (linguistics)", "score": 0.4935494661331177}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.44285839796066284}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "score": 0.42720699310302734}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-boundary", "display_name": "Decision boundary", "score": 0.42589226365089417}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.3476322889328003}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.26454663276672363}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C83665646", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305", "display_name": "Feature vector", "level": 2, "score": 0.721431314945221}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177148314", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084", "display_name": "Generalization", "level": 2, "score": 0.7130733132362366}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C12267149", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453", "display_name": "Support vector machine", "level": 2, "score": 0.6632477045059204}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.6218661069869995}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6009458303451538}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C14948415", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310972", "display_name": "Relevance vector machine", "level": 3, "score": 0.5994608402252197}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C125168437", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7625184", "display_name": "Structured support vector machine", "level": 3, "score": 0.5686488151550293}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33676613", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176", "display_name": "Dimension (graph theory)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5496677756309509}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185798385", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707", "display_name": "Benchmark (surveying)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5242693424224854}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C13336665", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125977", "display_name": "Vector space", "level": 2, "score": 0.5104821920394897}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776401178", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496", "display_name": "Feature (linguistics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4935494661331177}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.44285839796066284}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50644808", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776", "display_name": "Artificial neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.42720699310302734}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C42023084", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249231", "display_name": "Decision boundary", "level": 3, "score": 0.42589226365089417}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.3476322889328003}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.26454663276672363}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754", "display_name": "Mathematical analysis", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C202444582", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863", "display_name": "Pure mathematics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162", "display_name": "Linguistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C13280743", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089", "display_name": "Geodesy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1007/bf00994018", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00994018", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00994018.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S62148650", "display_name": "Machine Learning", "issn_l": "0885-6125", "issn": ["0885-6125", "1573-0565"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Machine Learning", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.15.9362", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.15.9362", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.research.att.com/~corinna/papers/support.vector.ps.gz", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.294.7243", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.294.7243", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://sci2s.ugr.es/keel/pdf/algorithm/articulo/vapnik1995.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.454.6140", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.454.6140", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://image.diku.dk/imagecanon/material/cortes_vapnik95.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/bf00994018", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00994018", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00994018.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S62148650", "display_name": "Machine Learning", "issn_l": "0885-6125", "issn": ["0885-6125", "1573-0565"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Machine Learning", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16", "display_name": "Peace, Justice and strong institutions", "score": 0.7200000286102295}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W4239510810.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W4239510810.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 14, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1498436455", "https://openalex.org/W1526146785", "https://openalex.org/W1568787085", "https://openalex.org/W1965751196", "https://openalex.org/W1994530392", "https://openalex.org/W2087347434", "https://openalex.org/W2154579312", "https://openalex.org/W2154642048", "https://openalex.org/W2168228682", "https://openalex.org/W2322002063", "https://openalex.org/W3142915818", "https://openalex.org/W4300402905", "https://openalex.org/W4390545247", "https://openalex.org/W6650842192"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4291214623", "https://openalex.org/W147281455", "https://openalex.org/W2119118554", "https://openalex.org/W2352397209", "https://openalex.org/W2189588699", "https://openalex.org/W2565312173", "https://openalex.org/W2184038244", "https://openalex.org/W3093031590", "https://openalex.org/W1945984784", "https://openalex.org/W2886321183"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 276}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3164}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 4262}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4378}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3994}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3735}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3255}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2884}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2545}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2023}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1664}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1459}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1368}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1054}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 802}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2006479099", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199102000-00025", "title": "Case Study Research: Design and Methods", "display_name": "Case Study Research: Design and Methods", "publication_year": 1991, "publication_date": "1991-02-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2006479099", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199102000-00025", "mag": "2006479099"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1097/00005053-199102000-00025", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199102000-00025", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S13566964", "display_name": "The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease", "issn_l": "0022-3018", "issn": ["0022-3018", "1539-736X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315671", "host_organization_name": "Lippincott Williams & Wilkins", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315671", "https://openalex.org/P4310318547"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins", "Wolters Kluwer"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5091297567", "display_name": "Harris Chaiklin", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I126744593", "display_name": "University of Maryland, Baltimore", "ror": "https://ror.org/04rq5mt64", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Harris Chaiklin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Maryland, Baltimore"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Maryland, Baltimore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5091297567"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I126744593"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 151.0312, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 39926, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99987281, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "179", "issue": "2", "first_page": "115", "last_page": "115"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12880", "display_name": "Qualitative Research Methods and Applications", "score": 0.022299999371170998, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12880", "display_name": "Qualitative Research Methods and Applications", "score": 0.022299999371170998, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14153", "display_name": "Social Development and Education Research", "score": 0.008299999870359898, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12926", "display_name": "Business Strategies and Management Research", "score": 0.007899999618530273, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/research-design", "display_name": "Research design", "score": 0.5897774696350098}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.34177279472351074}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.33748966455459595}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.19057467579841614}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.16092553734779358}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779318504", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035", "display_name": "Research design", "level": 2, "score": 0.5897774696350098}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.34177279472351074}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.33748966455459595}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.19057467579841614}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.16092553734779358}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1097/00005053-199102000-00025", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199102000-00025", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S13566964", "display_name": "The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease", "issn_l": "0022-3018", "issn": ["0022-3018", "1539-736X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315671", "host_organization_name": "Lippincott Williams & Wilkins", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315671", "https://openalex.org/P4310318547"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins", "Wolters Kluwer"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2390279801", "https://openalex.org/W2358668433", "https://openalex.org/W2376932109", "https://openalex.org/W2382290278", "https://openalex.org/W2096946506", "https://openalex.org/W2350741829", "https://openalex.org/W3004735627", "https://openalex.org/W2130043461"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1956}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2197}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2783}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2970}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2607}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2912}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2963}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2564}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2491}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2304}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2040}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1838}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1625}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1371}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2138664283", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042", "title": "Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups", "display_name": "Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups", "publication_year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-09-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2138664283", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042", "mag": "2138664283", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17872937"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzm042", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/intqhc/article-pdf/19/6/349/5070113/mzm042.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S74917805", "display_name": "International Journal for Quality in Health Care", "issn_l": "1353-4505", "issn": ["1353-4505", "1464-3677"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "International Journal for Quality in Health Care", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/intqhc/article-pdf/19/6/349/5070113/mzm042.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038884690", "display_name": "Allison Tong", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-9538"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I129604602", "display_name": "University of Sydney", "ror": "https://ror.org/0384j8v12", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802384191", "display_name": "Children's Hospital at Westmead", "ror": "https://ror.org/05k0s5494", "country_code": "AU", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802384191"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "A. Tong", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. allisont@health.usyd.edu.au", "Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia", "School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. allisont@health.usyd.edu.au", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802384191"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5074920837", "display_name": "Peter Sainsbury", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0638-9438"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1285887220", "display_name": "Sydney South West Area Health Service", "ror": "https://ror.org/0353q6p88", "country_code": "AU", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1285887220"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I129604602", "display_name": "University of Sydney", "ror": "https://ror.org/0384j8v12", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "P. Sainsbury", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Population Health, Sydney South West Area Health Service, NSW 2170, Australia", "School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Population Health, Sydney South West Area Health Service, NSW 2170, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1285887220"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038938109", "display_name": "Jonathan C. Craig", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2548-4035"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I129604602", "display_name": "University of Sydney", "ror": "https://ror.org/0384j8v12", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802384191", "display_name": "Children's Hospital at Westmead", "ror": "https://ror.org/05k0s5494", "country_code": "AU", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2802384191"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J. Craig", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia", "School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2802384191"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5038884690"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I129604602", "https://openalex.org/I2802384191"], "apc_list": {"value": 2560, "currency": "GBP", "value_usd": 3140}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 41.478, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 39910, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.9987225, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "19", "issue": "6", "first_page": "349", "last_page": "357"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10629", "display_name": "Health Policy Implementation Science", "score": 0.9962999820709229, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3600", "display_name": "General Health Professions"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/36", "display_name": "Health Professions"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10629", "display_name": "Health Policy Implementation Science", "score": 0.9962999820709229, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3600", "display_name": "General Health Professions"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/36", "display_name": "Health Professions"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.9951000213623047, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11722", "display_name": "Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare", "score": 0.9939000010490417, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3600", "display_name": "General Health Professions"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/36", "display_name": "Health Professions"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/checklist", "display_name": "Checklist", "score": 0.8465931415557861}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cinahl", "display_name": "CINAHL", "score": 0.7051098346710205}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research", "display_name": "Qualitative research", "score": 0.6575624942779541}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/respondent", "display_name": "Respondent", "score": 0.6452082991600037}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection", "display_name": "Data collection", "score": 0.6104164719581604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/context", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "score": 0.5961358547210693}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/research-design", "display_name": "Research design", "score": 0.5478624105453491}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/focus-group", "display_name": "Focus group", "score": 0.5260838270187378}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-property", "display_name": "Qualitative property", "score": 0.5015175342559814}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.44584476947784424}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medline", "display_name": "MEDLINE", "score": 0.4241790473461151}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education", "display_name": "Medical education", "score": 0.3928546607494354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology", "display_name": "Applied psychology", "score": 0.38546323776245117}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.3386839032173157}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.3076380491256714}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing", "display_name": "Nursing", "score": 0.2504810690879822}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.08906838297843933}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779356329", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625", "display_name": "Checklist", "level": 2, "score": 0.8465931415557861}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781145037", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011772", "display_name": "CINAHL", "level": 3, "score": 0.7051098346710205}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C190248442", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486", "display_name": "Qualitative research", "level": 2, "score": 0.6575624942779541}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776640315", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315941", "display_name": "Respondent", "level": 2, "score": 0.6452082991600037}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C133462117", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239", "display_name": "Data collection", "level": 2, "score": 0.6104164719581604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5961358547210693}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779318504", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035", "display_name": "Research design", "level": 2, "score": 0.5478624105453491}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C56995899", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687", "display_name": "Focus group", "level": 2, "score": 0.5260838270187378}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C87156501", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708", "display_name": "Qualitative property", "level": 2, "score": 0.5015175342559814}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.44584476947784424}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899", "display_name": "MEDLINE", "level": 2, "score": 0.4241790473461151}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945", "display_name": "Medical education", "level": 1, "score": 0.3928546607494354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C75630572", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904", "display_name": "Applied psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.38546323776245117}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3386839032173157}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.3076380491256714}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176", "display_name": "Nursing", "level": 1, "score": 0.2504810690879822}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.08906838297843933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205", "display_name": "Paleontology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C27415008", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382", "display_name": "Psychological intervention", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C19165224", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404", "display_name": "Anthropology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749", "display_name": "Social science", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D003625", "descriptor_name": "Data Collection", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003625", "descriptor_name": "Data Collection", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003625", "descriptor_name": "Data Collection", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003627", "descriptor_name": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003627", "descriptor_name": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003627", "descriptor_name": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006302", "descriptor_name": "Health Services Research", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006302", "descriptor_name": "Health Services Research", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006302", "descriptor_name": "Health Services Research", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006302", "descriptor_name": "Health Services Research", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006302", "descriptor_name": "Health Services Research", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006302", "descriptor_name": "Health Services Research", "qualifier_ui": "Q000706", "qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007407", "descriptor_name": "Interviews as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007407", "descriptor_name": "Interviews as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007407", "descriptor_name": "Interviews as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017144", "descriptor_name": "Focus Groups", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017144", "descriptor_name": "Focus Groups", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017144", "descriptor_name": "Focus Groups", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017408", "descriptor_name": "Guidelines as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017408", "descriptor_name": "Guidelines as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017408", "descriptor_name": "Guidelines as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D036301", "descriptor_name": "Qualitative Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D036301", "descriptor_name": "Qualitative Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D036301", "descriptor_name": "Qualitative Research", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzm042", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/intqhc/article-pdf/19/6/349/5070113/mzm042.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S74917805", "display_name": "International Journal for Quality in Health Care", "issn_l": "1353-4505", "issn": ["1353-4505", "1464-3677"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "International Journal for Quality in Health Care", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:17872937", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17872937", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/28109551", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": "https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Consolidated_criteria_for_reporting_qualitative_research_COREQ_A_32-item_checklist_for_interviews_and_focus_groups_/28109551", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196282", "display_name": "Figshare", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4210132348", "host_organization_name": "Figshare (United Kingdom)", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzm042", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/intqhc/article-pdf/19/6/349/5070113/mzm042.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S74917805", "display_name": "International Journal for Quality in Health Care", "issn_l": "1353-4505", "issn": ["1353-4505", "1464-3677"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "International Journal for Quality in Health Care", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2138664283.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 42, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W37575522", "https://openalex.org/W117680349", "https://openalex.org/W126774542", "https://openalex.org/W1496549882", "https://openalex.org/W1560713859", "https://openalex.org/W1605916864", "https://openalex.org/W1774591799", "https://openalex.org/W1971280883", "https://openalex.org/W1979423827", "https://openalex.org/W1982927444", "https://openalex.org/W1994034662", "https://openalex.org/W2000442546", "https://openalex.org/W2001043174", "https://openalex.org/W2011483898", "https://openalex.org/W2018752032", "https://openalex.org/W2033952602", "https://openalex.org/W2045507107", "https://openalex.org/W2049321668", "https://openalex.org/W2050939201", "https://openalex.org/W2051381083", "https://openalex.org/W2057642240", "https://openalex.org/W2068449134", "https://openalex.org/W2068654109", "https://openalex.org/W2084085196", "https://openalex.org/W2092473556", "https://openalex.org/W2103666798", "https://openalex.org/W2103844098", "https://openalex.org/W2106339945", "https://openalex.org/W2112675735", "https://openalex.org/W2124336956", "https://openalex.org/W2128315965", "https://openalex.org/W2132349122", "https://openalex.org/W2134599069", "https://openalex.org/W2136304920", "https://openalex.org/W2152240392", "https://openalex.org/W2161566871", "https://openalex.org/W2161835779", "https://openalex.org/W2168901200", "https://openalex.org/W2325291931", "https://openalex.org/W2599076725", "https://openalex.org/W2896341164", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4234875088", "https://openalex.org/W1967170474", "https://openalex.org/W2558322854", "https://openalex.org/W4386164500", "https://openalex.org/W1644951373", "https://openalex.org/W2013796470", "https://openalex.org/W2562861752", "https://openalex.org/W4320806424", "https://openalex.org/W4311657436", "https://openalex.org/W4311478311"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "criteria": [1], "included": [2], "in": [3], "COREQ,": [4], "a": [5], "32-item": [6], "checklist,": [7], "can": [8], "help": [9], "researchers": [10], "to": [11], "report": [12], "important": [13], "aspects": [14], "of": [15, 22], "the": [16, 23], "research": [17], "team,": [18], "study": [19], "methods,": [20], "context": [21], "study,": [24], "findings,": [25], "analysis": [26], "and": [27], "interpretations.": [28]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1941}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 6885}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 7885}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5345}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4947}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4175}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2911}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1847}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1201}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 831}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 658}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 458}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 326}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 185}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 124}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2116199508", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2804509", "title": "Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation.", "display_name": "Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation.", "publication_year": 1994, "publication_date": "1994-06-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2116199508", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2804509", "mag": "2116199508"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.2307/2804509", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2804509", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210196053", "display_name": "Man", "issn_l": "0025-1496", "issn": ["0025-1496", "2397-2548"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311696", "host_organization_name": "Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311696"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Man", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5098505189", "display_name": "Maurice Bloch", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Maurice Bloch", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5061396853", "display_name": "Jean Lave", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jean Lave", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018954657", "display_name": "\u00c9tienne Wenger", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Etienne Wenger", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5098505189"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 186.0472, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 39795, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "29", "issue": "2", "first_page": "487", "last_page": "487"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11466", "display_name": "Innovative Education and Learning Practices", "score": 0.44589999318122864, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3307", "display_name": "Human Factors and Ergonomics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11466", "display_name": "Innovative Education and Learning Practices", "score": 0.44589999318122864, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3307", "display_name": "Human Factors and Ergonomics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/situated", "display_name": "Situated", "score": 0.9219913482666016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/situated-learning", "display_name": "Situated learning", "score": 0.7527973055839539}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral", "display_name": "Peripheral", "score": 0.5101633071899414}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.36674898862838745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.2873086929321289}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy", "display_name": "Pedagogy", "score": 0.21554338932037354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.18209007382392883}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C132829578", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151", "display_name": "Situated", "level": 2, "score": 0.9219913482666016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C200380349", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2290699", "display_name": "Situated learning", "level": 2, "score": 0.7527973055839539}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C46762472", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178648", "display_name": "Peripheral", "level": 2, "score": 0.5101633071899414}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.36674898862838745}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.2873086929321289}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C19417346", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922", "display_name": "Pedagogy", "level": 1, "score": 0.21554338932037354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.18209007382392883}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.2307/2804509", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2804509", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210196053", "display_name": "Man", "issn_l": "0025-1496", "issn": ["0025-1496", "2397-2548"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311696", "host_organization_name": "Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311696"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Man", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2063544616", "https://openalex.org/W4245961435", "https://openalex.org/W3017673946", "https://openalex.org/W2109104809", "https://openalex.org/W2272258203", "https://openalex.org/W2357503665", "https://openalex.org/W2145415711", "https://openalex.org/W2043664783", "https://openalex.org/W2373279890", "https://openalex.org/W2055803377"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"In": [0], "this": [1], "important": [2], "theoretical": [3], "treatist,": [4], "Jean": [5], "Lave,": [6], "anthropologist,": [7], "and": [8, 79, 81, 88, 101], "Etienne": [9], "Wenger,": [10], "computer": [11], "scientist,": [12], "push": [13], "forward": [14], "the": [15, 62, 94, 105], "notion": [16], "of": [17, 55, 65], "situated": [18, 35], "learning": [19, 22, 32], "-": [20], "that": [21, 31], "is": [23], "fundamentally": [24], "a": [25, 43, 66, 70], "social": [26, 119], "process.": [27], "The": [28, 90], "authors": [29], "maintain": [30], "viewed": [33], "as": [34, 38], "activity": [36], "has": [37], "its": [39], "central": [40], "defining": [41], "characteristic": [42], "process": [44, 106], "they": [45], "call": [46], "legitimate": [47], "peripheral": [48], "participation": [49, 60], "(LPP).": [50], "Learners": [51], "participate": [52], "in": [53, 61, 93, 110], "communities": [54, 91, 112], "practitioners,": [56], "moving": [57], "toward": [58], "full": [59], "sociocultural": [63], "practices": [64], "community.": [67], "LPP": [68], "provides": [69], "way": [71], "to": [72, 117], "speak": [73], "about": [74, 82], "crucial": [75], "relations": [76], "between": [77], "newcomers": [78], "old-timers": [80], "their": [83], "activities,": [84], "identities,": [85], "artefacts,": [86], "knowledge": [87], "practice.": [89], "discussed": [92], "book": [95], "are": [96], "midwives,": [97], "tailors,": [98], "quartermasters,": [99], "butchers,": [100], "recovering": [102], "alcoholics,": [103], "however,": [104], "by": [107], "which": [108], "participants": [109], "those": [111], "learn": [113], "can": [114], "be": [115], "generalised": [116], "other": [118], "groups.": [120]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 303}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 658}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 894}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 920}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1415}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1828}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1896}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1826}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1913}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2164}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2400}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2412}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2292}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2311}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2117539524", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-015-0816-y", "title": "ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge", "display_name": "ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge", "publication_year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-04-10", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2117539524", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-015-0816-y", "mag": "2117539524"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/s11263-015-0816-y", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-015-0816-y", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S25538012", "display_name": "International Journal of Computer Vision", "issn_l": "0920-5691", "issn": ["0920-5691", "1573-1405"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "International Journal of Computer Vision", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022811687", "display_name": "Olga Russakovsky", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-3241"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Olga Russakovsky", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "Stanford University, Stanford , USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford , USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101542158", "display_name": "Jia Deng", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-4554"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I27837315", "display_name": "University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor", "ror": "https://ror.org/00jmfr291", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jia Deng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA", "University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100627109", "display_name": "Hao Su", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7679-7842"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hao Su", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "Stanford University, Stanford , USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford , USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060909587", "display_name": "Jonathan Krause", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1952-3480"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jonathan Krause", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "Stanford University, Stanford , USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford , USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090158590", "display_name": "Sanjeev Satheesh", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sanjeev Satheesh", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "Stanford University, Stanford , USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford , USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102331250", "display_name": "Sean Ma", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sean Ma", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "Stanford University, Stanford , USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford , USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011349177", "display_name": "Zhiheng Huang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5982-9778"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhiheng Huang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "Stanford University, Stanford , USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford , USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009290031", "display_name": "Andrej Karpathy", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Andrej Karpathy", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "Stanford University, Stanford , USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford , USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5104110845", "display_name": "Aditya Khosla", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I63966007", "display_name": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/042nb2s44", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Aditya Khosla", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA", "Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge , USA#TAB#"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge , USA#TAB#", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076189854", "display_name": "Michael S. Bernstein", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-9434"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Michael Bernstein", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "Stanford University, Stanford , USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford , USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5104361813", "display_name": "Alexander C. Berg", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I114027177", "display_name": "University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill", "ror": "https://ror.org/0130frc33", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1333535994", "display_name": "University of North Carolina Health Care", "ror": "https://ror.org/00qz24g20", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1333535994"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alexander C. Berg", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA", "UNC - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA#TAB#"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1333535994", "https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "UNC - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA#TAB#", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100450462", "display_name": "Li Fei-Fei", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7481-0810"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Li Fei-Fei", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "Stanford University, Stanford , USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University, Stanford , USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 12, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5022811687"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"], "apc_list": {"value": 2890, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 3690}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1405.8275, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 39762, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99996716, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 94, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "115", "issue": "3", "first_page": "211", "last_page": "252"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10627", "display_name": "Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10627", "display_name": "Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10824", "display_name": "Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques", "score": 0.9976000189781189, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark", "display_name": "Benchmark (surveying)", "score": 0.7811989784240723}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.7471951842308044}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.735179603099823}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable", "display_name": "Categorical variable", "score": 0.6385412216186523}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition", "display_name": "Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition", "score": 0.61514812707901}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scale", "display_name": "Scale (ratio)", "score": 0.6076879501342773}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/object", "display_name": "Object (grammar)", "score": 0.5931663513183594}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection", "display_name": "Object detection", "score": 0.5644959211349487}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/field", "display_name": "Field (mathematics)", "score": 0.5203689932823181}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.4839942455291748}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.4352133870124817}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-single-object-recognition", "display_name": "3D single-object recognition", "score": 0.42655906081199646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation", "display_name": "Annotation", "score": 0.4138840436935425}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision", "display_name": "Computer vision", "score": 0.3936089873313904}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geography", "display_name": "Geography", "score": 0.08473539352416992}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography", "display_name": "Cartography", "score": 0.06555545330047607}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.057067930698394775}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C185798385", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707", "display_name": "Benchmark (surveying)", "level": 2, "score": 0.7811989784240723}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.7471951842308044}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.735179603099823}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C5274069", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707", "display_name": "Categorical variable", "level": 2, "score": 0.6385412216186523}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C64876066", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226", "display_name": "Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition", "level": 3, "score": 0.61514812707901}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778755073", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537", "display_name": "Scale (ratio)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6076879501342773}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781238097", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026", "display_name": "Object (grammar)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5931663513183594}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776151529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304", "display_name": "Object detection", "level": 3, "score": 0.5644959211349487}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C9652623", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109", "display_name": "Field (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5203689932823181}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4839942455291748}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.4352133870124817}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C14551309", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636325", "display_name": "3D single-object recognition", "level": 4, "score": 0.42655906081199646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776321320", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525", "display_name": "Annotation", "level": 2, "score": 0.4138840436935425}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C31972630", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240", "display_name": "Computer vision", "level": 1, "score": 0.3936089873313904}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.08473539352416992}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C58640448", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515", "display_name": "Cartography", "level": 1, "score": 0.06555545330047607}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.057067930698394775}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C202444582", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863", "display_name": "Pure mathematics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1007/s11263-015-0816-y", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-015-0816-y", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S25538012", "display_name": "International Journal of Computer Vision", "issn_l": "0920-5691", "issn": ["0920-5691", "1573-1405"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "International Journal of Computer Vision", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 112, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4919037", "https://openalex.org/W70846133", "https://openalex.org/W128019999", "https://openalex.org/W825525975", "https://openalex.org/W1487583988", "https://openalex.org/W1499991161", "https://openalex.org/W1503233963", "https://openalex.org/W1506491340", "https://openalex.org/W1551774182", "https://openalex.org/W1563795667", "https://openalex.org/W1566135517", "https://openalex.org/W1574719918", "https://openalex.org/W1576445103", "https://openalex.org/W1606858007", "https://openalex.org/W1614298861", "https://openalex.org/W1686810756", "https://openalex.org/W1709548961", "https://openalex.org/W1782590233", "https://openalex.org/W1832500336", "https://openalex.org/W1849277567", "https://openalex.org/W1861492603", "https://openalex.org/W1904365287", "https://openalex.org/W1970183457", "https://openalex.org/W1972515067", "https://openalex.org/W1979931042", "https://openalex.org/W1991367009", "https://openalex.org/W1994213117", "https://openalex.org/W2001531180", "https://openalex.org/W2017814585", "https://openalex.org/W2018006179", "https://openalex.org/W2027922120", "https://openalex.org/W2031342017", "https://openalex.org/W2031489346", "https://openalex.org/W2032982774", "https://openalex.org/W2037227137", "https://openalex.org/W2048335335", "https://openalex.org/W2052650456", "https://openalex.org/W2053229256", "https://openalex.org/W2055302526", "https://openalex.org/W2066624635", "https://openalex.org/W2081580037", "https://openalex.org/W2088049833", "https://openalex.org/W2091845343", "https://openalex.org/W2097018403", "https://openalex.org/W2102605133", "https://openalex.org/W2106255337", "https://openalex.org/W2106471914", "https://openalex.org/W2107034620", "https://openalex.org/W2108598243", "https://openalex.org/W2109370419", "https://openalex.org/W2110158442", "https://openalex.org/W2110226160", "https://openalex.org/W2110764733", "https://openalex.org/W2115579991", "https://openalex.org/W2119424690", "https://openalex.org/W2121660792", "https://openalex.org/W2122146326", "https://openalex.org/W2123024445", "https://openalex.org/W2125943921", "https://openalex.org/W2127242687", "https://openalex.org/W2127279985", "https://openalex.org/W2128154306", "https://openalex.org/W2129305389", "https://openalex.org/W2134670479", "https://openalex.org/W2135166986", "https://openalex.org/W2135957164", "https://openalex.org/W2136949195", "https://openalex.org/W2137680370", "https://openalex.org/W2141125852", "https://openalex.org/W2141200610", "https://openalex.org/W2143246460", "https://openalex.org/W2143890915", "https://openalex.org/W2145607950", "https://openalex.org/W2147238549", "https://openalex.org/W2149273804", "https://openalex.org/W2149489787", "https://openalex.org/W2151103935", "https://openalex.org/W2155541015", "https://openalex.org/W2155893237", "https://openalex.org/W2155904486", "https://openalex.org/W2156547346", "https://openalex.org/W2158305599", "https://openalex.org/W2160218441", "https://openalex.org/W2162762921", "https://openalex.org/W2162915993", "https://openalex.org/W2163605009", "https://openalex.org/W2163808566", "https://openalex.org/W2165146474", "https://openalex.org/W2168356304", "https://openalex.org/W2179352600", "https://openalex.org/W2261806027", "https://openalex.org/W2407718913", "https://openalex.org/W2536208356", "https://openalex.org/W2605991684", "https://openalex.org/W2950179405", "https://openalex.org/W2950577311", "https://openalex.org/W2952186574", "https://openalex.org/W2953360861", "https://openalex.org/W2963173190", "https://openalex.org/W2963911037", "https://openalex.org/W3098722327", "https://openalex.org/W4240153047", "https://openalex.org/W4295115674", "https://openalex.org/W6600213771", "https://openalex.org/W6623178044", "https://openalex.org/W6634343353", "https://openalex.org/W6638444622", "https://openalex.org/W6674914833", "https://openalex.org/W6678470764", "https://openalex.org/W6682171051", "https://openalex.org/W6683584131", "https://openalex.org/W6736502011"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2095705906", "https://openalex.org/W2200925278", "https://openalex.org/W2613077666", "https://openalex.org/W2975200075", "https://openalex.org/W3123139907", "https://openalex.org/W2888912568", "https://openalex.org/W2360875750", "https://openalex.org/W2744160734", "https://openalex.org/W2355810106", "https://openalex.org/W2574146284"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 396}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2840}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3948}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4572}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4702}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5822}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5101}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4803}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3550}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2264}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1230}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 470}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 43}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1995945562", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429246593", "title": "An Introduction to the Bootstrap", "display_name": "An Introduction to the Bootstrap", "publication_year": 1994, "publication_date": "1994-05-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1995945562", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429246593", "mag": "1995945562"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1201/9780429246593", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429246593", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "book"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108567924", "display_name": "Bradley Efron", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I184647316", "display_name": "South Dakota School of Mines and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00ch7yk27", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I184647316"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Bradley Efron", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["South Dakota Sch. of Mines & Technol., USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "South Dakota Sch. of Mines & Technol., USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I184647316"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027340494", "display_name": "Robert Tibshirani", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0553-5090"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "R.J. Tibshirani", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5108567924"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I184647316"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 100.3582, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 39529, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10136", "display_name": "Statistical Methods and Inference", "score": 0.06650000065565109, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10136", "display_name": "Statistical Methods and Inference", "score": 0.06650000065565109, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.3842226266860962}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3842226266860962}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1201/9780429246593", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429246593", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "book"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.473.2742", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.473.2742", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://cindy.informatik.uni-bremen.de/cosy/teaching/CM_2011/Eval3/pe_efron_93.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008496471", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=008496471&amp;sequence=000001&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:526679", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://cds.cern.ch/record/526679", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402195", "display_name": "CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": ""}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2390279801", "https://openalex.org/W2358668433", "https://openalex.org/W2376932109", "https://openalex.org/W2382290278", "https://openalex.org/W2350741829", "https://openalex.org/W3004735627", "https://openalex.org/W2130043461", "https://openalex.org/W2530322880"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"An": [0], "Introduction": [1], "to": [2, 19, 94], "the": [3, 14, 60, 71, 82], "Bootstrap": [4], "arms": [5], "scientists": [6], "and": [7, 21, 41, 50, 62, 92], "engineers": [8], "as": [9, 11], "well": [10], "statisticians": [12], "with": [13], "computational": [15], "techniques": [16], "they": [17], "need": [18], "analyze": [20], "understand": [22], "complicated": [23], "data": [24], "sets.": [25], "The": [26], "bootstrap": [27, 61], "is": [28], "a": [29, 43], "computer-based": [30], "method": [31], "of": [32, 46, 59], "statistical": [33, 37, 67], "inference": [34], "that": [35, 96], "answers": [36], "questions": [38], "without": [39], "formulas": [40], "gives": [42], "direct": [44], "appreciation": [45], "variance,": [47], "bias,": [48], "coverage,": [49], "other": [51], "probabilistic": [52], "phenomena.": [53], "This": [54], "book": [55], "presents": [56], "an": [57], "overview": [58], "related": [63], "methods": [64], "for": [65, 80], "assessing": [66], "accuracy,": [68], "concentrating": [69], "on": [70], "ideas": [72, 95], "rather": [73], "than": [74], "their": [75], "mathematical": [76], "justification.": [77], "Not": [78], "just": [79], "beginners,": [81], "presentation": [83], "starts": [84], "off": [85], "slowly,": [86], "but": [87], "builds": [88], "in": [89], "both": [90], "scope": [91], "depth": [93], "are": [97], "quite": [98], "sophisticated.": [99]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 225}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 701}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 563}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 542}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 571}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1357}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1332}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1318}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1233}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1365}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1641}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1868}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2137}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2258}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2261}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2130479394", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.1.235", "title": "The Protein Data Bank", "display_name": "The Protein Data Bank", "publication_year": 2000, "publication_date": "2000-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2130479394", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.1.235", "mag": "2130479394", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10592235"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/28.1.235", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.1.235", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071896859", "display_name": "Helen M. Berman", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3337-0660"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I102322142", "display_name": "Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey", "ror": "https://ror.org/05vt9qd57", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "H. M. Berman", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, USA. berman@rcsb.rutgers.edu", "Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, USA. berman@rcsb.rutgers.edu", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, USA", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5071896859"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I102322142"], "apc_list": {"value": 3630, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3630}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 251.8673, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 39252, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "28", "issue": "1", "first_page": "235", "last_page": "242"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10044", "display_name": "Protein Structure and Dynamics", "score": 0.9986000061035156, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10044", "display_name": "Protein Structure and Dynamics", "score": 0.9986000061035156, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11162", "display_name": "Enzyme Structure and Function", "score": 0.9957000017166138, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10887", "display_name": "Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks", "score": 0.9901000261306763, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-data-bank", "display_name": "Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB)", "score": 0.9430553913116455}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-data-bank", "display_name": "Protein Data Bank", "score": 0.8908383846282959}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.716464102268219}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-bank", "display_name": "Data bank", "score": 0.5913676619529724}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/resource", "display_name": "Resource (disambiguation)", "score": 0.457016259431839}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "score": 0.33719009160995483}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.23986902832984924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-structure", "display_name": "Protein structure", "score": 0.21725156903266907}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "score": 0.12411364912986755}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C65556437", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766195", "display_name": "Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB)", "level": 2, "score": 0.9430553913116455}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119145174", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251429", "display_name": "Protein Data Bank", "level": 3, "score": 0.8908383846282959}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.716464102268219}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779786304", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227243", "display_name": "Data bank", "level": 2, "score": 0.5913676619529724}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C206345919", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951", "display_name": "Resource (disambiguation)", "level": 2, "score": 0.457016259431839}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C60644358", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "level": 1, "score": 0.33719009160995483}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.23986902832984924}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C47701112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735188", "display_name": "Protein structure", "level": 2, "score": 0.21725156903266907}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.12411364912986755}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C76155785", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418", "display_name": "Telecommunications", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C31258907", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371", "display_name": "Computer network", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D009682", "descriptor_name": "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009682", "descriptor_name": "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009682", "descriptor_name": "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009682", "descriptor_name": "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011487", "descriptor_name": "Protein Conformation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011487", "descriptor_name": "Protein Conformation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011487", "descriptor_name": "Protein Conformation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011487", "descriptor_name": "Protein Conformation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016247", "descriptor_name": "Information Storage and Retrieval", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016247", "descriptor_name": "Information Storage and Retrieval", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016247", "descriptor_name": "Information Storage and Retrieval", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016247", "descriptor_name": "Information Storage and Retrieval", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/28.1.235", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.1.235", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:10592235", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10592235", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic acids research", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:alma.01RUT_INST:11665133820004646", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://scholarship.libraries.rutgers.edu/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/The-Protein-Data-Bank/991031665956804646", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210197018", "display_name": "View", "issn_l": "2688-268X", "issn": ["2688-268X", "2688-3988"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:154468", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/102472", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "display_name": "National Science Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 53, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W5684683", "https://openalex.org/W122226182", "https://openalex.org/W277606711", "https://openalex.org/W1501210482", "https://openalex.org/W1533059251", "https://openalex.org/W1965910641", "https://openalex.org/W1966041739", "https://openalex.org/W1975459052", "https://openalex.org/W1977845138", "https://openalex.org/W1981827883", "https://openalex.org/W1986191025", "https://openalex.org/W2003122343", "https://openalex.org/W2004360551", "https://openalex.org/W2008708467", "https://openalex.org/W2009664421", "https://openalex.org/W2014981059", "https://openalex.org/W2015292449", "https://openalex.org/W2015642465", "https://openalex.org/W2016255772", "https://openalex.org/W2026258231", "https://openalex.org/W2028231353", "https://openalex.org/W2031128623", "https://openalex.org/W2039641427", "https://openalex.org/W2044082153", "https://openalex.org/W2050974922", "https://openalex.org/W2054668663", "https://openalex.org/W2055043387", "https://openalex.org/W2066468520", "https://openalex.org/W2080528351", "https://openalex.org/W2082941768", "https://openalex.org/W2085277871", "https://openalex.org/W2088933990", "https://openalex.org/W2093827702", "https://openalex.org/W2105902442", "https://openalex.org/W2106741943", "https://openalex.org/W2108067237", "https://openalex.org/W2124563802", "https://openalex.org/W2130023973", "https://openalex.org/W2139544554", "https://openalex.org/W2145380863", "https://openalex.org/W2151550848", "https://openalex.org/W2151687360", "https://openalex.org/W2152326664", "https://openalex.org/W2155479906", "https://openalex.org/W2164586203", "https://openalex.org/W2164718466", "https://openalex.org/W2166099525", "https://openalex.org/W2167383193", "https://openalex.org/W2169947235", "https://openalex.org/W2428438536", "https://openalex.org/W2916193864", "https://openalex.org/W2952267119", "https://openalex.org/W4252911439"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2755266720", "https://openalex.org/W4254578499", "https://openalex.org/W2088162897", "https://openalex.org/W2119891507", "https://openalex.org/W4323965882", "https://openalex.org/W1998924981", "https://openalex.org/W2130479394", "https://openalex.org/W2089869950", "https://openalex.org/W2067836881", "https://openalex.org/W1645310797"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "Protein": [1], "Data": [2], "Bank": [3], "(PDB;": [4], "http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/": [5], ")": [6], "is": [7], "the": [8, 21, 24, 26, 44, 48], "single": [9], "worldwide": [10], "archive": [11], "of": [12, 15, 23, 47], "structural": [13], "data": [14, 31], "biological": [16], "macromolecules.": [17], "This": [18], "paper": [19], "describes": [20], "goals": [22], "PDB,": [25], "systems": [27], "in": [28], "place": [29], "for": [30, 43], "deposition": [32], "and": [33, 40], "access,": [34], "how": [35], "to": [36], "obtain": [37], "further": [38], "information,": [39], "near-term": [41], "plans": [42], "future": [45], "development": [46], "resource.": [49]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 684}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2912}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2825}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2415}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2398}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2382}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2064}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1794}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1651}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1548}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1409}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1423}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1272}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1314}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1295}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2122912498", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411", "title": "Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach.", "display_name": "Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach.", "publication_year": 1988, "publication_date": "1988-05-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2122912498", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411", "mag": "2122912498"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S75627607", "display_name": "Psychological Bulletin", "issn_l": "0033-2909", "issn": ["0033-2909", "1939-1455"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320262", "host_organization_name": "American Psychological Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Psychological Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Psychological Bulletin", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "review", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101509249", "display_name": "James C. Anderson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8012-4713"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I111979921", "display_name": "Northwestern University", "ror": "https://ror.org/000e0be47", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "James C. Anderson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Northwestern U, J. L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Evanston, IL, US"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Northwestern U, J. L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Evanston, IL, US", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038025961", "display_name": "David W. Gerbing", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6998-8350"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I126345244", "display_name": "Portland State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00yn2fy02", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David W. Gerbing", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY,"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5101509249"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I111979921"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 51.4623, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 39240, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99922795, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "103", "issue": "3", "first_page": "411", "last_page": "423"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10467", "display_name": "Psychometric Methodologies and Testing", "score": 0.995199978351593, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10467", "display_name": "Psychometric Methodologies and Testing", "score": 0.995199978351593, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11400", "display_name": "Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports", "score": 0.984000027179718, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13748", "display_name": "Advanced Statistical Modeling Techniques", "score": 0.9315000176429749, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling", "display_name": "Structural equation modeling", "score": 0.8771389722824097}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.45184919238090515}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.42212191224098206}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science", "display_name": "Management science", "score": 0.33559003472328186}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/calculus", "display_name": "Calculus (dental)", "score": 0.3351213335990906}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics", "display_name": "Econometrics", "score": 0.3223087191581726}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.26530420780181885}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.20090961456298828}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.18618133664131165}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.12530192732810974}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/orthodontics", "display_name": "Orthodontics", "score": 0.1034139096736908}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C71104824", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639", "display_name": "Structural equation modeling", "level": 2, "score": 0.8771389722824097}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.45184919238090515}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.42212191224098206}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C539667460", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942", "display_name": "Management science", "level": 1, "score": 0.33559003472328186}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777686260", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037", "display_name": "Calculus (dental)", "level": 2, "score": 0.3351213335990906}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039", "display_name": "Econometrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3223087191581726}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.26530420780181885}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.20090961456298828}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.18618133664131165}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.12530192732810974}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C29694066", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301", "display_name": "Orthodontics", "level": 1, "score": 0.1034139096736908}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S75627607", "display_name": "Psychological Bulletin", "issn_l": "0033-2909", "issn": ["0033-2909", "1939-1455"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320262", "host_organization_name": "American Psychological Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Psychological Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Psychological Bulletin", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 70, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W36714851", "https://openalex.org/W305548693", "https://openalex.org/W560549833", "https://openalex.org/W587200296", "https://openalex.org/W1583583429", "https://openalex.org/W1624092729", "https://openalex.org/W1964218847", "https://openalex.org/W1966382716", "https://openalex.org/W1970036485", "https://openalex.org/W1971177003", "https://openalex.org/W1974134238", "https://openalex.org/W1976927254", "https://openalex.org/W1983447796", "https://openalex.org/W1983799715", "https://openalex.org/W1984151417", "https://openalex.org/W1989528006", "https://openalex.org/W1992231362", "https://openalex.org/W1997228212", "https://openalex.org/W2003565357", "https://openalex.org/W2004927267", "https://openalex.org/W2008414835", "https://openalex.org/W2008666093", "https://openalex.org/W2013313241", "https://openalex.org/W2024233657", "https://openalex.org/W2024509488", "https://openalex.org/W2030148756", "https://openalex.org/W2030523104", "https://openalex.org/W2034828166", "https://openalex.org/W2036581672", "https://openalex.org/W2040072436", "https://openalex.org/W2041042672", "https://openalex.org/W2041465237", "https://openalex.org/W2042539525", "https://openalex.org/W2047061503", "https://openalex.org/W2053321261", "https://openalex.org/W2056453713", "https://openalex.org/W2057237814", "https://openalex.org/W2057643324", "https://openalex.org/W2066306397", "https://openalex.org/W2066919226", "https://openalex.org/W2068480333", "https://openalex.org/W2081016106", "https://openalex.org/W2083001397", "https://openalex.org/W2084453686", "https://openalex.org/W2084858464", "https://openalex.org/W2086273426", "https://openalex.org/W2089430585", "https://openalex.org/W2094241444", "https://openalex.org/W2095534911", "https://openalex.org/W2105915805", "https://openalex.org/W2121724061", "https://openalex.org/W2122756099", "https://openalex.org/W2125333210", "https://openalex.org/W2128388820", "https://openalex.org/W2132221539", "https://openalex.org/W2137945018", "https://openalex.org/W2149608872", "https://openalex.org/W2162205973", "https://openalex.org/W2163403362", "https://openalex.org/W2164085284", "https://openalex.org/W2166475545", "https://openalex.org/W2314170406", "https://openalex.org/W2318629766", "https://openalex.org/W2462634734", "https://openalex.org/W2580989708", "https://openalex.org/W3015818759", "https://openalex.org/W3026982857", "https://openalex.org/W3081347883", "https://openalex.org/W3212171356", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2902027532", "https://openalex.org/W2157241338", "https://openalex.org/W2003279779", "https://openalex.org/W2377276789", "https://openalex.org/W2781156747", "https://openalex.org/W2015072312", "https://openalex.org/W2330693952", "https://openalex.org/W4252357886"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"In": [0], "this": [1, 48], "article,": [2], "we": [3], "provide": [4], "guidance": [5], "for": [6, 18, 89], "substantive": [7], "researchers": [8], "on": [9], "the": [10, 44, 74, 77, 84], "use": [11], "of": [12, 34, 47, 58, 62], "structural": [13], "equation": [14], "modeling": [15, 28], "in": [16, 55, 98], "practice": [17], "theory": [19, 90], "testing": [20, 91], "and": [21, 37, 60, 81, 95], "development.": [22], "We": [23, 42], "present": [24], "a": [25, 32, 51], "comprehensive,": [26], "two-step": [27, 75], "approach": [29, 49], "that": [30], "employs": [31], "series": [33], "nested": [35], "models": [36, 64], "sequential": [38], "chi-square": [39], "difference": [40], "tests.": [41], "discuss": [43], "comparative": [45], "advantages": [46], "over": [50], "one-step": [52], "approach.": [53], "Considerations": [54], "specification,": [56], "assessment": [57], "fit,": [59], "respecification": [61], "measurement": [63], "using": [65], "confirmatory": [66, 82], "factor": [67], "analysis": [68], "are": [69, 102], "reviewed.": [70], "As": [71], "background": [72], "to": [73], "approach,": [76], "distinction": [78, 85], "between": [79, 86], "exploratory": [80], "analysis,": [83], "complementary": [87], "approaches": [88], "versus": [92], "predictive": [93], "application,": [94], "some": [96], "developments": [97], "estimation": [99], "methods": [100], "also": [101], "discussed.": [103]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 520}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1840}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1984}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2456}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2598}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2721}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2345}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2217}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2001}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1968}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1897}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1872}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1894}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1751}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1618}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2156909104", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2440-0", "title": "The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory", "display_name": "The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory", "publication_year": 1995, "publication_date": "1995-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2156909104", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2440-0", "mag": "2156909104"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2440-0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2440-0", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "book"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062753972", "display_name": "Vladimir Vapnik", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1283103587", "display_name": "AT&T (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/02bbd5539", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Vladimir N. Vapnik", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["AT&T Bell Laboratories , Holmdel, March 1995"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "AT&T Bell Laboratories , Holmdel, March 1995", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5062753972"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 41.4817, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 39166, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99816007, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.9437999725341797, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.9437999725341797, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.34583914279937744}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.320166677236557}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.34583914279937744}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.320166677236557}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2440-0", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2440-0", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "book"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.332.356", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.332.356", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.recognition.mccme.ru/pub/papers/SLT/Vapnik99overview.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008876874", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=008876874&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031832650", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3598636&amp;prov=M&amp;dok_var=1&amp;dok_ext=htm", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:1614871", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://cds.cern.ch/record/1614871", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402195", "display_name": "CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": ""}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 2, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1596948027", "https://openalex.org/W4382566593"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2390279801", "https://openalex.org/W2358668433", "https://openalex.org/W2376932109", "https://openalex.org/W2001405890", "https://openalex.org/W2382290278", "https://openalex.org/W2350741829", "https://openalex.org/W2530322880", "https://openalex.org/W1596801655", "https://openalex.org/W2359140296"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 90}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 613}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 610}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 633}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 856}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1592}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1655}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1671}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1614}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1660}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1804}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2002}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2115}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2133}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2274}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2014935324", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1849", "title": "The rise of graphene", "display_name": "The rise of graphene", "publication_year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-03-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2014935324", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1849", "mag": "2014935324", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17330084"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/nmat1849", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1849", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S103895331", "display_name": "Nature Materials", "issn_l": "1476-1122", "issn": ["1476-1122", "1476-4660"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058357018", "display_name": "A. K. Ge\u01d0m", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2861-8331"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I28407311", "display_name": "University of Manchester", "ror": "https://ror.org/027m9bs27", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "A. K. Geim", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5072248970", "display_name": "Kostya S. Novoselov", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4972-5371"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I28407311", "display_name": "University of Manchester", "ror": "https://ror.org/027m9bs27", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "K. S. Novoselov", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology University of Manchester, Manchester, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5058357018"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"], "apc_list": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 562.5579, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 39164, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99998758, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "6", "issue": "3", "first_page": "183", "last_page": "191"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10083", "display_name": "Graphene research and applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10083", "display_name": "Graphene research and applications", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10074", "display_name": "Carbon Nanotubes in Composites", "score": 0.9983999729156494, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.995199978351593, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene", "display_name": "Graphene", "score": 0.8266844749450684}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.5290569067001343}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-physics", "display_name": "Theoretical physics", "score": 0.41971367597579956}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "score": 0.4052455425262451}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-physics", "display_name": "Engineering physics", "score": 0.32718485593795776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "score": 0.2553931474685669}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science", "display_name": "Materials science", "score": 0.2120385468006134}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C30080830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917", "display_name": "Graphene", "level": 2, "score": 0.8266844749450684}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.5290569067001343}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33332235", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362", "display_name": "Theoretical physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.41971367597579956}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468", "display_name": "Nanotechnology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4052455425262451}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C61696701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766", "display_name": "Engineering physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.32718485593795776}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.2553931474685669}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.2120385468006134}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/nmat1849", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1849", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S103895331", "display_name": "Nature Materials", "issn_l": "1476-1122", "issn": ["1476-1122", "1476-4660"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Materials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:17330084", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17330084", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature materials", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/4c72726a-b83a-4fdb-8350-9d8bb9f6c45c", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/4c72726a-b83a-4fdb-8350-9d8bb9f6c45c", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400662", "display_name": "Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I28407311", "host_organization_name": "University of Manchester", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Geim, A K & Novoselov, K S 2007, 'The rise of graphene', Nature Materials, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 183-191. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1849", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/4c72726a-b83a-4fdb-8350-9d8bb9f6c45c", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/the-rise-of-graphene(4c72726a-b83a-4fdb-8350-9d8bb9f6c45c).html", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400662", "display_name": "Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I28407311", "host_organization_name": "University of Manchester", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Geim, A K & Novoselov, K S 2007, 'The rise of graphene', Nature Materials, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 183-191. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1849", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320319993", "display_name": "Leverhulme Trust", "ror": "https://ror.org/012mzw131"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320006", "display_name": "Royal Society", "ror": "https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334627", "display_name": "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/0439y7842"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 100, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W263553050", "https://openalex.org/W1491016379", "https://openalex.org/W1508186648", "https://openalex.org/W1598581722", "https://openalex.org/W1760544772", "https://openalex.org/W1965319603", "https://openalex.org/W1970565395", "https://openalex.org/W1977838850", "https://openalex.org/W1980512989", "https://openalex.org/W1983208835", "https://openalex.org/W1983421851", "https://openalex.org/W1983977749", "https://openalex.org/W1984447059", "https://openalex.org/W1986583880", "https://openalex.org/W1988829538", "https://openalex.org/W1991855909", "https://openalex.org/W1992935537", "https://openalex.org/W1997613934", "https://openalex.org/W1998521147", "https://openalex.org/W2008138427", "https://openalex.org/W2010724164", "https://openalex.org/W2011918196", "https://openalex.org/W2012304502", "https://openalex.org/W2017713688", "https://openalex.org/W2018317672", "https://openalex.org/W2022235068", "https://openalex.org/W2022581387", "https://openalex.org/W2022877146", "https://openalex.org/W2026237155", "https://openalex.org/W2028260084", "https://openalex.org/W2030126423", "https://openalex.org/W2031165376", "https://openalex.org/W2032276957", "https://openalex.org/W2032490333", "https://openalex.org/W2033121022", "https://openalex.org/W2035743770", "https://openalex.org/W2037012265", "https://openalex.org/W2037915714", "https://openalex.org/W2047986838", "https://openalex.org/W2050949257", "https://openalex.org/W2052976411", "https://openalex.org/W2054921835", "https://openalex.org/W2057008393", "https://openalex.org/W2058122340", "https://openalex.org/W2058323824", "https://openalex.org/W2060724751", "https://openalex.org/W2068824512", "https://openalex.org/W2070716620", "https://openalex.org/W2072020654", "https://openalex.org/W2072542791", "https://openalex.org/W2072923279", "https://openalex.org/W2074757955", "https://openalex.org/W2076037500", "https://openalex.org/W2079854619", "https://openalex.org/W2080870246", "https://openalex.org/W2081362853", "https://openalex.org/W2084630589", "https://openalex.org/W2087687862", "https://openalex.org/W2087980253", "https://openalex.org/W2088485687", "https://openalex.org/W2088498991", "https://openalex.org/W2088599176", "https://openalex.org/W2092831789", "https://openalex.org/W2094679283", "https://openalex.org/W2096285801", "https://openalex.org/W2101893110", "https://openalex.org/W2101977779", "https://openalex.org/W2102415385", "https://openalex.org/W2103480351", "https://openalex.org/W2108375990", "https://openalex.org/W2113467957", "https://openalex.org/W2118492507", "https://openalex.org/W2121772044", "https://openalex.org/W2125284466", "https://openalex.org/W2126874034", "https://openalex.org/W2132428503", "https://openalex.org/W2134233006", "https://openalex.org/W2136334331", "https://openalex.org/W2137405619", "https://openalex.org/W2138159532", "https://openalex.org/W2139754676", "https://openalex.org/W2140720209", "https://openalex.org/W2143841618", "https://openalex.org/W2148226925", "https://openalex.org/W2148903494", "https://openalex.org/W2153101972", "https://openalex.org/W2155422709", "https://openalex.org/W2171613665", "https://openalex.org/W2172264954", "https://openalex.org/W2241718802", "https://openalex.org/W2476433526", "https://openalex.org/W2962881568", "https://openalex.org/W2963938929", "https://openalex.org/W3092914166", "https://openalex.org/W3100326631", "https://openalex.org/W3101025532", "https://openalex.org/W3101754194", "https://openalex.org/W3104935337", "https://openalex.org/W4249290289", "https://openalex.org/W4300610810"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2033058137", "https://openalex.org/W2898288368", "https://openalex.org/W3131082295", "https://openalex.org/W2757214187", "https://openalex.org/W2592958380", "https://openalex.org/W3020434143", "https://openalex.org/W2261536002", "https://openalex.org/W2593210242", "https://openalex.org/W2767184073", "https://openalex.org/W2101324952"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 325}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1556}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1623}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1644}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1626}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2063}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2360}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2568}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2811}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3069}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 3039}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 3119}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3018}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2816}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2496}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2016-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2097382368", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876", "title": "The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools", "display_name": "The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools", "publication_year": 1997, "publication_date": "1997-12-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2097382368", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876", "mag": "2097382368", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9396791"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/25.24.4876", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/25/24/4876/4897770/25-24-4876.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/25/24/4876/4897770/25-24-4876.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5039921905", "display_name": "Julie Thompson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-3478"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210158086", "display_name": "Institut de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire", "ror": "https://ror.org/05qpmg879", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I4210158086", "https://openalex.org/I68947357"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "J. Thompson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS/INSERM/ULP), BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France", "Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS/INSERM/ULP), BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210158086"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5039921905"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210158086"], "apc_list": {"value": 3630, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3630}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 75.8378, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 39144, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99980069, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "25", "issue": "24", "first_page": "4876", "last_page": "4882"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9969000220298767, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9969000220298767, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13650", "display_name": "Computational Physics and Python Applications", "score": 0.9496999979019165, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11269", "display_name": "Algorithms and Data Compression", "score": 0.942799985408783, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sequence-alignment", "display_name": "Multiple sequence alignment", "score": 0.7760351896286011}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/unix", "display_name": "Unix", "score": 0.6608473062515259}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-alignment", "display_name": "Sequence alignment", "score": 0.6316449046134949}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics", "display_name": "Graphics", "score": 0.5756497383117676}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "score": 0.5333445072174072}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/alignment-free-sequence-analysis", "display_name": "Alignment-free sequence analysis", "score": 0.5321148037910461}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.500781774520874}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-analysis", "display_name": "Sequence analysis", "score": 0.4927811920642853}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/interface", "display_name": "Interface (matter)", "score": 0.4909975826740265}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.4699150621891022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/x86", "display_name": "x86", "score": 0.43172574043273926}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microsoft-windows", "display_name": "Microsoft Windows", "score": 0.41871872544288635}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "score": 0.32533925771713257}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software", "display_name": "Software", "score": 0.2915147542953491}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics", "display_name": "Computer graphics (images)", "score": 0.26670312881469727}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system", "display_name": "Operating system", "score": 0.25707417726516724}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.16720789670944214}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/peptide-sequence", "display_name": "Peptide sequence", "score": 0.16673287749290466}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C88031987", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377767", "display_name": "Multiple sequence alignment", "level": 5, "score": 0.7760351896286011}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C112968700", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11368", "display_name": "Unix", "level": 3, "score": 0.6608473062515259}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C45484198", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827246", "display_name": "Sequence alignment", "level": 4, "score": 0.6316449046134949}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C21442007", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879", "display_name": "Graphics", "level": 2, "score": 0.5756497383117676}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778112365", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5333445072174072}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180384323", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16335137", "display_name": "Alignment-free sequence analysis", "level": 5, "score": 0.5321148037910461}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.500781774520874}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C61053724", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154615", "display_name": "Sequence analysis", "level": 3, "score": 0.4927811920642853}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C113843644", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882", "display_name": "Interface (matter)", "level": 4, "score": 0.4909975826740265}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.4699150621891022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C170723468", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182933", "display_name": "x86", "level": 3, "score": 0.43172574043273926}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C508378895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1406", "display_name": "Microsoft Windows", "level": 3, "score": 0.41871872544288635}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C60644358", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "level": 1, "score": 0.32533925771713257}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.2915147542953491}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121684516", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677", "display_name": "Computer graphics (images)", "level": 1, "score": 0.26670312881469727}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.25707417726516724}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.16720789670944214}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C167625842", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899763", "display_name": "Peptide sequence", "level": 3, "score": 0.16673287749290466}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C157915830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001", "display_name": "Bubble", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C129307140", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880", "display_name": "Maximum bubble pressure method", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000595", "descriptor_name": "Amino Acid Sequence", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003626", "descriptor_name": "Data Display", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003626", "descriptor_name": "Data Display", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003626", "descriptor_name": "Data Display", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008969", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Sequence Data", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012689", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012689", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012689", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014584", "descriptor_name": "User-Computer Interface", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014584", "descriptor_name": "User-Computer Interface", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014584", "descriptor_name": "User-Computer Interface", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016415", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Alignment", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 7, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/25.24.4876", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/25/24/4876/4897770/25-24-4876.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:9396791", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9396791", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic acids research", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:http://www.rian.ie/144367/", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10468/5038", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400033", "display_name": "Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I115570527", "host_organization_name": "Dublin Institute of Technology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115570527"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "acceptedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. and Higgins, D. G. (1997) 'The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools', Nucleic Acids Research, 25(24), pp. 4876-4882. doi: 10.1093/nar/25.24.4876", "raw_type": "Journal article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03869069v1", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://hal.science/hal-03869069", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402512", "display_name": "HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "host_organization_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research, 1997, 25 (24), pp.4876-4882. &#x27E8;10.1093/nar/25.24.4876&#x27E9;", "raw_type": "Journal articles"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:170072", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC147148", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:147148", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:147148", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/147148", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Res", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/25.24.4876", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/25/24/4876/4897770/25-24-4876.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9", "display_name": "Industry, innovation and infrastructure", "score": 0.46000000834465027}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G7758152977", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "support", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322892", "funder_display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320320893", "display_name": "Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale", "ror": "https://ror.org/02vjkv261"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322892", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2097382368.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2097382368.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 29, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1525759724", "https://openalex.org/W1969153299", "https://openalex.org/W1970999032", "https://openalex.org/W1975001431", "https://openalex.org/W1978667203", "https://openalex.org/W1982996449", "https://openalex.org/W1987328021", "https://openalex.org/W1990554768", "https://openalex.org/W1997451177", "https://openalex.org/W2057368087", "https://openalex.org/W2066562848", "https://openalex.org/W2094004308", "https://openalex.org/W2094031081", "https://openalex.org/W2095542051", "https://openalex.org/W2099254366", "https://openalex.org/W2101418959", "https://openalex.org/W2102941368", "https://openalex.org/W2105484013", "https://openalex.org/W2105516199", "https://openalex.org/W2106882534", "https://openalex.org/W2109905685", "https://openalex.org/W2111222383", "https://openalex.org/W2113852734", "https://openalex.org/W2129898029", "https://openalex.org/W2132109794", "https://openalex.org/W2149160071", "https://openalex.org/W2149208773", "https://openalex.org/W6608991135", "https://openalex.org/W6637718989"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2051969447", "https://openalex.org/W2133116680", "https://openalex.org/W2111937814", "https://openalex.org/W2141411672", "https://openalex.org/W1482324242", "https://openalex.org/W187239587", "https://openalex.org/W2730968108", "https://openalex.org/W4386770652", "https://openalex.org/W2158700816", "https://openalex.org/W2091678889"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"CLUSTAL": [0, 15, 39, 166], "X": [1, 40, 167], "is": [2, 20], "a": [3, 46, 97, 108, 150], "new": [4, 18], "windows": [5], "interface": [6], "for": [7, 28, 73, 186, 190], "the": [8, 37, 42, 49, 57, 64, 70, 83, 90, 93, 100, 111, 120, 147], "widely-used": [9], "progressive": [10], "multiple": [11, 30, 75], "sequence": [12, 31, 43, 53, 76], "alignment": [13, 44, 112], "program": [14], "W.": [16], "The": [17], "system": [19, 27], "easy": [21], "to": [22, 59, 85, 88, 102, 113, 153, 160], "use,": [23], "providing": [24], "an": [25], "integrated": [26], "performing": [29], "and": [32, 35, 77, 105, 116, 129, 140, 155, 159, 193], "profile": [33, 78], "alignments": [34, 158], "analysing": [36], "results.": [38], "displays": [41], "in": [45, 63, 163], "window": [47], "on": [48, 171, 175, 180], "screen.": [50], "A": [51], "versatile": [52], "colouring": [54], "scheme": [55], "allows": [56], "user": [58, 148], "highlight": [60], "conserved": [61], "features": [62, 81], "alignment.": [65, 79, 122], "Pull-down": [66], "menus": [67], "provide": [68, 146], "all": [69], "options": [71], "required": [72], "traditional": [74], "New": [80], "include:": [82], "ability": [84], "cut-and-paste": [86], "sequences": [87, 101], "change": [89], "order": [91], "of": [92, 96, 99, 107, 110, 142], "alignment,": [94], "selection": [95, 106], "subset": [98], "be": [103, 114, 127, 136], "realigned,": [104], "sub-range": [109], "realigned": [115], "inserted": [117], "back": [118], "into": [119], "original": [121], "Alignment": [123], "quality": [124], "analysis": [125, 139], "can": [126, 135], "performed": [128], "low-scoring": [130], "segments": [131], "or": [132], "exceptional": [133], "residues": [134], "highlighted.": [137], "Quality": [138], "realignment": [141], "selected": [143], "residue": [144], "ranges": [145], "with": [149], "powerful": [151], "tool": [152], "improve": [154], "refine": [156], "difficult": [157], "trap": [161], "errors": [162], "input": [164], "sequences.": [165], "has": [168], "been": [169], "compiled": [170], "SUN": [172], "Solaris,": [173], "IRIX5.3": [174], "Silicon": [176], "Graphics,": [177], "Digital": [178], "UNIX": [179], "DECstations,": [181], "Microsoft": [182], "Windows": [183], "(32": [184], "bit)": [185], "PCs,": [187, 192], "Linux": [188], "ELF": [189], "x86": [191], "Macintosh": [194], "PowerMac.": [195]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 82}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 423}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 540}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 630}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 745}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 886}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 949}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1026}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1018}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1186}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1448}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1715}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1785}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2024}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2154}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3147894994", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x", "title": "Regression Models and Life-Tables", "display_name": "Regression Models and Life-Tables", "publication_year": 1972, "publication_date": "1972-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3147894994", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x", "mag": "3147894994"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x", "pdf_url": "https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S145009937", "display_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology)", "issn_l": "1369-7412", "issn": ["1369-7412", "1467-9868"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035999579", "display_name": "D. R. Cox", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I47508984", "display_name": "Imperial College London", "ror": "https://ror.org/041kmwe10", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "D. R. Cox", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Imperial College , London"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Imperial College , London", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5035999579"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I47508984"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 62.9947, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 38960, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99953661, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "34", "issue": "2", "first_page": "187", "last_page": "202"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12011", "display_name": "Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3317", "display_name": "Demography"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12011", "display_name": "Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3317", "display_name": "Demography"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14509", "display_name": "demographic modeling and climate adaptation", "score": 0.9983000159263611, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12781", "display_name": "Global Health Care Issues", "score": 0.9621999859809875, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3600", "display_name": "General Health Professions"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/36", "display_name": "Health Professions"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis", "display_name": "Regression analysis", "score": 0.483151376247406}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.4623284339904785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regression", "display_name": "Regression", "score": 0.4379033148288727}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics", "display_name": "Econometrics", "score": 0.32463735342025757}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.3238028287887573}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.28267788887023926}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C152877465", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042", "display_name": "Regression analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.483151376247406}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4623284339904785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C83546350", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051", "display_name": "Regression", "level": 2, "score": 0.4379033148288727}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039", "display_name": "Econometrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.32463735342025757}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3238028287887573}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.28267788887023926}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x", "pdf_url": "https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S145009937", "display_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology)", "issn_l": "1369-7412", "issn": ["1369-7412", "1467-9868"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x", "pdf_url": "https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S145009937", "display_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology)", "issn_l": "1369-7412", "issn": ["1369-7412", "1467-9868"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3147894994.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3147894994.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 22, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W188593771", "https://openalex.org/W1995345406", "https://openalex.org/W2026126531", "https://openalex.org/W2042761726", "https://openalex.org/W2044501009", "https://openalex.org/W2066506711", "https://openalex.org/W2079708060", "https://openalex.org/W2139984188", "https://openalex.org/W2143594378", "https://openalex.org/W2150000105", "https://openalex.org/W2187668060", "https://openalex.org/W2324228118", "https://openalex.org/W2324405961", "https://openalex.org/W2330813625", "https://openalex.org/W2462631522", "https://openalex.org/W2904553335", "https://openalex.org/W2904851885", "https://openalex.org/W4239468879", "https://openalex.org/W4256718644", "https://openalex.org/W4293241248", "https://openalex.org/W6607674834", "https://openalex.org/W6682308145"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4381136829", "https://openalex.org/W31220157", "https://openalex.org/W2312753042", "https://openalex.org/W4289356671", "https://openalex.org/W2389155397", "https://openalex.org/W2165884543", "https://openalex.org/W3186837933", "https://openalex.org/W2368989808", "https://openalex.org/W1969346022", "https://openalex.org/W2034959125"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Summary": [0], "The": [1, 25], "analysis": [2], "of": [3, 19, 37, 52], "censored": [4], "failure": [5, 29], "times": [6], "is": [7, 10, 31, 57], "considered.": [8], "It": [9], "assumed": [11], "that": [12], "on": [13], "each": [14], "individual": [15], "are": [16, 69], "available": [17], "values": [18], "one": [20], "or": [21], "more": [22], "explanatory": [23, 39], "variables.": [24], "hazard": [26], "function": [27, 36, 51], "(age-specific": [28], "rate)": [30], "taken": [32], "to": [33, 60], "be": [34], "a": [35], "the": [38, 63], "variables": [40], "and": [41, 49], "unknown": [42, 50, 64], "regression": [43, 65], "coefficients": [44], "multiplied": [45], "by": [46], "an": [47], "arbitrary": [48], "time.": [53], "A": [54], "conditional": [55], "likelihood": [56], "obtained,": [58], "leading": [59], "inferences": [61], "about": [62], "coefficients.": [66], "Some": [67], "generalizations": [68], "outlined.": [70]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 327}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1293}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1358}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1415}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1420}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1489}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1296}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1094}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 981}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1052}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1073}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1057}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1198}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1068}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1121}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1658908529", "doi": null, "title": "Basics of qualitative research : techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory", "display_name": "Basics of qualitative research : techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory", "publication_year": 1998, "publication_date": "1998-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1658908529", "mag": "1658908529"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "mag:1658908529", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://lib.tums.ac.ir/site/catalogue/61151", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463867", "display_name": "Sage eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320017", "host_organization_name": "SAGE Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["SAGE Publishing"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Sage eBooks", "raw_type": null}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108677812", "display_name": "Anselm L. Strauss", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Anselm L. Strauss", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002394578", "display_name": "Juliet Corbin", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Juliet Corbin", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5108677812"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 116.4818, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 38914, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99968818, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": "1", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12880", "display_name": "Qualitative Research Methods and Applications", "score": 0.45890000462532043, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12880", "display_name": "Qualitative Research Methods and Applications", "score": 0.45890000462532043, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3304", "display_name": "Education"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/grounded-theory", "display_name": "Grounded theory", "score": 0.6565464735031128}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5343875885009766}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/context", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "score": 0.5207645297050476}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/process", "display_name": "Process (computing)", "score": 0.5070862770080566}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science", "display_name": "Management science", "score": 0.48991483449935913}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-sampling", "display_name": "Theoretical sampling", "score": 0.43420448899269104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research", "display_name": "Qualitative research", "score": 0.39111635088920593}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science", "display_name": "Data science", "score": 0.3882202208042145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.23270398378372192}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.14863258600234985}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science", "display_name": "Social science", "score": 0.11413943767547607}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language", "display_name": "Programming language", "score": 0.08201423287391663}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/geography", "display_name": "Geography", "score": 0.06740647554397583}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C156325361", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864", "display_name": "Grounded theory", "level": 3, "score": 0.6565464735031128}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5343875885009766}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175", "display_name": "Context (archaeology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5207645297050476}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C98045186", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663", "display_name": "Process (computing)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5070862770080566}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C539667460", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942", "display_name": "Management science", "level": 1, "score": 0.48991483449935913}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C172930891", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7782372", "display_name": "Theoretical sampling", "level": 4, "score": 0.43420448899269104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C190248442", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486", "display_name": "Qualitative research", "level": 2, "score": 0.39111635088920593}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463", "display_name": "Data science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3882202208042145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.23270398378372192}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.14863258600234985}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749", "display_name": "Social science", "level": 1, "score": 0.11413943767547607}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.08201423287391663}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.06740647554397583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498", "display_name": "Archaeology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "mag:1658908529", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://lib.tums.ac.ir/site/catalogue/61151", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306463867", "display_name": "Sage eBooks", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320017", "host_organization_name": "SAGE Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["SAGE Publishing"], "type": "ebook platform"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": "Sage eBooks", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 3, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W339701613", "https://openalex.org/W1553183615", "https://openalex.org/W2044974871"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3214833809", "https://openalex.org/W3144127399", "https://openalex.org/W3022607203", "https://openalex.org/W2906151105", "https://openalex.org/W2333291448", "https://openalex.org/W2329395632", "https://openalex.org/W2171148471", "https://openalex.org/W2116199508", "https://openalex.org/W2085081981", "https://openalex.org/W2033952602", "https://openalex.org/W2028954902", "https://openalex.org/W2000117884", "https://openalex.org/W1979290264", "https://openalex.org/W1714723801", "https://openalex.org/W1605824561", "https://openalex.org/W1590154464", "https://openalex.org/W1556808170", "https://openalex.org/W1527311855", "https://openalex.org/W1515587369", "https://openalex.org/W115394847"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Part": [0, 70, 109], "I:": [1], "Introduction": [2], "to": [3, 28], "Grounded": [4], "Theory": [5], "of": [6, 63, 87], "Anselm": [7], "Strauss": [8], "Chapter": [9, 14, 18, 25, 30, 37, 42, 46, 49, 52, 59, 75, 81, 92, 98, 105, 115, 128, 133], "1:": [10], "Inspiration": [11], "and": [12, 40, 90, 120, 122, 137], "Background": [13], "2:": [15], "Theoretical": [16, 44, 57], "Foundations": [17], "3:": [19], "Practical": [20], "Considerations": [21], "for": [22, 33, 55, 96, 131], "Getting": [23], "Started": [24], "4:": [26], "Prelude": [27], "Analysis": [29, 36, 69, 104], "5:": [31], "Strategies": [32], "Qualitative": [34, 67], "Data": [35, 68, 95], "6:": [38], "Memos": [39], "Diagrams": [41], "7:": [43], "Sampling": [45], "8:": [47], "Context": [48, 97], "9:": [50], "Process": [51, 101], "10:": [53], "Techniques": [54], "Achieving": [56], "Integration": [58], "11:": [60], "The": [61], "Use": [62], "Computer": [64], "Programs": [65], "in": [66, 85], "II:": [71], "Research": [72, 113, 127], "Demonstration": [73], "Project": [74, 114], "12": [76], "Open": [77], "Coding:": [78], "Identifying": [79], "Concepts": [80, 84], "13:": [82], "Developing": [83], "Terms": [86], "Their": [88], "Properties": [89], "Dimensions": [91], "14:": [93], "Analyzing": [94], "15:": [99], "Bringing": [100], "Into": [102], "the": [103, 112], "16:": [106], "Integrating": [107], "Categories": [108], "III:": [110], "Finishing": [111], "17:": [116], "Writing": [117], "Theses,": [118], "Monographs,": [119], "Dissertations,": [121], "Giving": [123], "Talks": [124], "About": [125], "Your": [126], "18:": [129], "Criteria": [130], "Evaluation": [132], "19:": [134], "Student": [135], "Questions": [136], "Answers": [138]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 592}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 739}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 901}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1003}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1849}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1983}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2083}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2066}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2321}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2546}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2791}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2850}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2601}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2570}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2107328434", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2", "title": "Meta-analysis in clinical trials", "display_name": "Meta-analysis in clinical trials", "publication_year": 1986, "publication_date": "1986-09-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2107328434", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2", "mag": "2107328434", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3802833"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S84962792", "display_name": "Controlled Clinical Trials", "issn_l": "0197-2456", "issn": ["0197-2456", "1879-050X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Controlled Clinical Trials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032305781", "display_name": "Rebecca DerSimonian", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I136199984", "display_name": "Harvard University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03vek6s52", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I32971472", "display_name": "Yale University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03v76x132", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Rebecca DerSimonian", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Harvard University, School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (N.L.), USA", "Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.D.), USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Harvard University, School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (N.L.), USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.D.), USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5107379548", "display_name": "Nan M. Laird", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I32971472", "display_name": "Yale University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03v76x132", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I136199984", "display_name": "Harvard University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03vek6s52", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nan Laird", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Harvard University, School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (N.L.), USA", "Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.D.), USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Harvard University, School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (N.L.), USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (R.D.), USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5032305781"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984", "https://openalex.org/I32971472"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 30.4187, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 38874, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99685287, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "7", "issue": "3", "first_page": "177", "last_page": "188"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.996399998664856, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.996399998664856, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11235", "display_name": "Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials", "score": 0.996399998664856, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10804", "display_name": "Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life", "score": 0.987500011920929, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2002", "display_name": "Economics and Econometrics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling", "display_name": "Pooling", "score": 0.8226829767227173}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/covariate", "display_name": "Covariate", "score": 0.653844952583313}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial", "display_name": "Clinical trial", "score": 0.533285915851593}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/homogeneity", "display_name": "Homogeneity (statistics)", "score": 0.5312445163726807}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/random-effects-model", "display_name": "Random effects model", "score": 0.514137327671051}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-effect", "display_name": "Treatment effect", "score": 0.4898199737071991}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics", "display_name": "Econometrics", "score": 0.4539991021156311}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis", "display_name": "Meta-analysis", "score": 0.43683695793151855}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.41565585136413574}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.31459277868270874}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.20062726736068726}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.1659834086894989}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.15453466773033142}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "score": 0.06498482823371887}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C70437156", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652", "display_name": "Pooling", "level": 2, "score": 0.8226829767227173}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119043178", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723", "display_name": "Covariate", "level": 2, "score": 0.653844952583313}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C535046627", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612", "display_name": "Clinical trial", "level": 2, "score": 0.533285915851593}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142259097", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891314", "display_name": "Homogeneity (statistics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5312445163726807}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C168743327", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826427", "display_name": "Random effects model", "level": 3, "score": 0.514137327671051}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2987370644", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7836903", "display_name": "Treatment effect", "level": 2, "score": 0.4898199737071991}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039", "display_name": "Econometrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4539991021156311}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C95190672", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382", "display_name": "Meta-analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.43683695793151855}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.41565585136413574}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.31459277868270874}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.20062726736068726}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.1659834086894989}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.15453466773033142}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.06498482823371887}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C556039675", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035", "display_name": "Traditional medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D002986", "descriptor_name": "Clinical Trials as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002986", "descriptor_name": "Clinical Trials as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002986", "descriptor_name": "Clinical Trials as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008962", "descriptor_name": "Models, Theoretical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008962", "descriptor_name": "Models, Theoretical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008962", "descriptor_name": "Models, Theoretical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012107", "descriptor_name": "Research Design", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012107", "descriptor_name": "Research Design", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012107", "descriptor_name": "Research Design", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S84962792", "display_name": "Controlled Clinical Trials", "issn_l": "0197-2456", "issn": ["0197-2456", "1879-050X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Controlled Clinical Trials", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:3802833", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3802833", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Controlled clinical trials", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "display_name": "Good health and well-being", "score": 0.6800000071525574}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 26, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W641689400", "https://openalex.org/W1479697682", "https://openalex.org/W1952298078", "https://openalex.org/W1981287195", "https://openalex.org/W1982585616", "https://openalex.org/W1983076787", "https://openalex.org/W1984578273", "https://openalex.org/W1999649023", "https://openalex.org/W2001747042", "https://openalex.org/W2037219714", "https://openalex.org/W2043526487", "https://openalex.org/W2049633694", "https://openalex.org/W2059356295", "https://openalex.org/W2064889914", "https://openalex.org/W2233286087", "https://openalex.org/W2416131376", "https://openalex.org/W2443162039", "https://openalex.org/W2797884775", "https://openalex.org/W2942434766", "https://openalex.org/W2951773335", "https://openalex.org/W3085323863", "https://openalex.org/W4240886359", "https://openalex.org/W4243512685", "https://openalex.org/W4254477798", "https://openalex.org/W6782936165", "https://openalex.org/W7071764571"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2356632946", "https://openalex.org/W2028861579", "https://openalex.org/W4378619514", "https://openalex.org/W2003852517", "https://openalex.org/W3081207156", "https://openalex.org/W107479582", "https://openalex.org/W2909123294", "https://openalex.org/W1560919126", "https://openalex.org/W2095812817", "https://openalex.org/W2915879504"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 428}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1694}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2246}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1919}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2127}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2609}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2621}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2048}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2064}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2128}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2171}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2335}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2423}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2211}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1778}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2146691185", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-196807000-00014", "title": "The Discovery of Grounded Theory; Strategies for Qualitative Research", "display_name": "The Discovery of Grounded Theory; Strategies for Qualitative Research", "publication_year": 1968, "publication_date": "1968-07-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2146691185", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-196807000-00014", "mag": "2146691185"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1097/00006199-196807000-00014", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-196807000-00014", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57227388", "display_name": "Nursing Research", "issn_l": "0029-6562", "issn": ["0029-6562", "1538-9847"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315671", "host_organization_name": "Lippincott Williams & Wilkins", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315671", "https://openalex.org/P4310318547"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins", "Wolters Kluwer"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nursing Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5044483808", "display_name": "Barney G. Glaser", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800314821", "display_name": "New Haven Public Schools", "ror": "https://ror.org/00w4ztw65", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800314821"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Barney G. Glaser", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["New Haven, Connecticut"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "New Haven, Connecticut", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800314821"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108677812", "display_name": "Anselm L. Strauss", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800314821", "display_name": "New Haven Public Schools", "ror": "https://ror.org/00w4ztw65", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800314821"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Anselm L. Strauss", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["New Haven, Connecticut"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "New Haven, Connecticut", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800314821"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5028138468", "display_name": "Elizabeth Strutzel", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800314821", "display_name": "New Haven Public Schools", "ror": "https://ror.org/00w4ztw65", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800314821"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Elizabeth Strutzel", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["New Haven, Connecticut"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "New Haven, Connecticut", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800314821"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5044483808"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800314821"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 108.4643, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 38849, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99961665, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "17", "issue": "4", "first_page": "364", "last_page": "364"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13051", "display_name": "Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research", "score": 0.1777999997138977, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13051", "display_name": "Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research", "score": 0.1777999997138977, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/grounded-theory", "display_name": "Grounded theory", "score": 0.7718111276626587}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research", "display_name": "Qualitative research", "score": 0.4884147047996521}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.46265751123428345}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.19562798738479614}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science", "display_name": "Social science", "score": 0.084300696849823}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C156325361", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864", "display_name": "Grounded theory", "level": 3, "score": 0.7718111276626587}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C190248442", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486", "display_name": "Qualitative research", "level": 2, "score": 0.4884147047996521}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.46265751123428345}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.19562798738479614}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749", "display_name": "Social science", "level": 1, "score": 0.084300696849823}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1097/00006199-196807000-00014", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-196807000-00014", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57227388", "display_name": "Nursing Research", "issn_l": "0029-6562", "issn": ["0029-6562", "1538-9847"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315671", "host_organization_name": "Lippincott Williams & Wilkins", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315671", "https://openalex.org/P4310318547"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins", "Wolters Kluwer"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nursing Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-003083033", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=003083033&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018929194", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=018929194&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-022236532", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=022236532&amp;sequence=000003&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030558893", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 1, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1515587369"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2119545855", "https://openalex.org/W2997577522", "https://openalex.org/W2363024216", "https://openalex.org/W2188142764", "https://openalex.org/W2994031751", "https://openalex.org/W2885438148", "https://openalex.org/W1579222016", "https://openalex.org/W3036478782", "https://openalex.org/W2955373379", "https://openalex.org/W2074127011"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Most": [0, 83], "writing": [1], "on": [2, 218], "sociological": [3], "method": [4], "has": [5], "been": [6], "concerned": [7], "with": [8], "how": [9, 16, 41], "accurate": [10], "facts": [11], "can": [12, 18, 111], "be": [13, 20, 54, 188, 200], "obtained": [14, 48], "and": [15, 32, 49, 75, 80, 91, 120, 128, 150, 163], "theory": [17, 45, 59, 71, 145, 185], "thereby": [19], "more": [21], "rigorously": [22], "tested.": [23], "In": [24, 93, 134, 155, 205], "The": [25, 56, 137, 171], "Discovery": [26, 172], "of": [27, 40, 44, 58, 96, 115, 130, 140, 144, 159, 168, 173], "Grounded": [28, 160, 174], "Theory,": [161], "Barney": [30], "Glaser": [31, 162], "Anselm": [33], "Strauss": [34, 164], "address": [35], "the": [36, 42, 97, 104, 113, 125, 142, 166], "equally": [37], "Important": [38], "enterprise": [39], "discovery": [43, 57, 114], "from": [46, 60, 146], "data--systematically": [47], "analyzed": [50], "in": [51], "social": [52, 180, 207], "research--can": [53], "furthered.": [55], "data--grounded": [61], "theory--is": [62], "a": [63, 70, 107], "major": [64], "task": [65], "confronting": [66], "sociology,": [67], "for": [68, 183], "such": [69], "fits": [72], "empirical": [73], "situations,": [74], "is": [76, 176], "understandable": [77], "to": [78, 190, 202], "sociologists": [79, 110], "laymen": [81], "alike.": [82], "important,": [84], "it": [85, 198], "provides": [86], "relevant": [87, 189], "predictions,": [88], "explanations,": [89], "interpretations,": [90], "applications.": [92], "Part": [94, 135, 156], "I": [95], "book,": [98], "Generation": [99], "Theory": [100, 175], "by": [101], "Comparative": [102], "Analysis,": [103], "authors": [105], "present": [106], "strategy": [108, 123], "whereby": [109], "facilitate": [112], "grounded": [116, 169], "theory,": [117], "both": [118], "substantive": [119], "formal.": [121], "This": [122], "involves": [124], "systematic": [126], "choice": [127], "study": [129], "several": [131], "comparison": [132], "groups.": [133], "II,": [136], "Flexible": [138], "Use": [139], "Data,": [141], "generation": [143], "qualitative,": [147], "especially": [148, 212], "documentary,": [149], "quantitative": [151], "data": [152], "Is": [153], "considered.": [154], "III,": [157], "Implications": [158], "examine": [165], "credibility": [167], "theory.": [170], "directed": [177], "toward": [178], "improving": [179], "scientists'": [181], "capacity": [182], "generating": [184], "that": [186], "will": [187, 199], "their": [191, 214], "research.": [192], "While": [193], "aimed": [194], "primarily": [195], "at": [196], "sociologists,": [197], "useful": [201], "anyone": [203], "Interested": [204], "studying": [206], "phenomena--political,": [208], "educational,": [209], "economic,": [210], "industrial--": [211], "If": [213], "studies": [215], "are": [216], "based": [217], "qualitative": [219], "data.": [220]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 145}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2048}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1932}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2423}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2402}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2578}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2482}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2202}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2032}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1927}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1919}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1865}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1806}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1563}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1481}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4293241248", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452", "title": "Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations", "display_name": "Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations", "publication_year": 1958, "publication_date": "1958-06-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4293241248", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4394736638", "display_name": "Journal of the American Statistical Association", "issn_l": "0162-1459", "issn": ["0162-1459", "1537-274X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the American Statistical Association", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113535594", "display_name": "Edward L. Kaplan", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "E. L. Kaplan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of California Radiation Laboratory"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of California Radiation Laboratory", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103404782", "display_name": "Paul Meier", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I40347166", "display_name": "University of Chicago", "ror": "https://ror.org/024mw5h28", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Paul Meier", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Chicago"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Chicago", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5113535594"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 6.8022, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 38826, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.97652582, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "53", "issue": "282", "first_page": "457", "last_page": "481"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10968", "display_name": "Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications", "score": 0.9592999815940857, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10968", "display_name": "Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications", "score": 0.9592999815940857, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10243", "display_name": "Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference", "score": 0.9545999765396118, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10136", "display_name": "Statistical Methods and Inference", "score": 0.9521999955177307, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.6235188245773315}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.615258514881134}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nonparametric-statistics", "display_name": "Nonparametric statistics", "score": 0.596910297870636}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/event", "display_name": "Event (particle physics)", "score": 0.5886919498443604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/population", "display_name": "Population", "score": 0.5207314491271973}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics", "display_name": "Econometrics", "score": 0.40611860156059265}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/demography", "display_name": "Demography", "score": 0.19240951538085938}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.08812019228935242}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.6235188245773315}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.615258514881134}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C102366305", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097688", "display_name": "Nonparametric statistics", "level": 2, "score": 0.596910297870636}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779662365", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694", "display_name": "Event (particle physics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5886919498443604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603", "display_name": "Population", "level": 2, "score": 0.5207314491271973}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039", "display_name": "Econometrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.40611860156059265}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149923435", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732", "display_name": "Demography", "level": 1, "score": 0.19240951538085938}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.08812019228935242}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4394736638", "display_name": "Journal of the American Statistical Association", "issn_l": "0162-1459", "issn": ["0162-1459", "1537-274X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the American Statistical Association", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 16, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1977023253", "https://openalex.org/W2007689973", "https://openalex.org/W2019283718", "https://openalex.org/W2035643961", "https://openalex.org/W2036743874", "https://openalex.org/W2064955097", "https://openalex.org/W2070350132", "https://openalex.org/W2092660489", "https://openalex.org/W2139895288", "https://openalex.org/W2159023411", "https://openalex.org/W2328809339", "https://openalex.org/W2799292091", "https://openalex.org/W4238159040", "https://openalex.org/W4238306122", "https://openalex.org/W4247801511", "https://openalex.org/W4251546524"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4243114048", "https://openalex.org/W4237896776", "https://openalex.org/W4231665652", "https://openalex.org/W2000242494", "https://openalex.org/W4296826658", "https://openalex.org/W1843324721", "https://openalex.org/W3141138882", "https://openalex.org/W2126977167", "https://openalex.org/W2170349014", "https://openalex.org/W2112690682"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Abstract": [0], "In": [1, 62], "lifetesting,": [2], "medical": [3], "follow-up,": [4], "and": [5, 168, 214, 263], "other": [6, 40], "fields": [7], "the": [8, 11, 16, 29, 32, 35, 52, 73, 81, 93, 97, 104, 110, 118, 128, 131, 145, 158, 170, 220, 227, 235, 238, 246, 255, 276, 302, 311, 316], "observation": [9, 135, 279], "of": [10, 13, 15, 18, 28, 31, 38, 80, 96, 107, 120, 130, 139, 147, 155, 181, 237, 257, 278, 304, 319], "time": [12, 221], "occurrence": [14, 37], "event": [17, 41], "interest": [19], "(called": [20, 42], "a": [21, 43, 56, 140], "death)": [22, 77], "may": [23, 46], "be": [24, 47, 163, 272], "prevented": [25], "for": [26, 136, 210, 215, 286], "some": [27, 39], "items": [30, 108, 288], "sample": [33], "by": [34, 261], "previous": [36], "loss).": [44], "Losses": [45], "either": [48, 63], "accidental": [49], "or": [50, 177], "controlled,": [51], "latter": [53], "resulting": [54, 94], "from": [55], "decision": [57], "to": [58, 102, 175, 222, 231, 310], "terminate": [59], "certain": [60], "observations.": [61, 239], "case": [64], "it": [65, 99], "is": [66, 78, 100, 150, 226], "usually": [67, 259], "assumed": [68], "in": [69, 85, 109, 179, 306], "this": [70, 87], "paper": [71], "that": [72, 185, 242, 269, 275], "lifetime": [74], "(age": [75], "at": [76, 297], "independent": [79], "potential": [82], "loss": [83, 281], "time;": [84], "practice": [86], "assumption": [88, 126], "deserves": [89], "careful": [90], "scrutiny.": [91], "Despite": [92], "incompleteness": [95], "data,": [98], "desired": [101], "estimate": [103, 161, 225, 303], "proportion": [105, 318], "P(t)": [106, 305], "population": [111], "whose": [112, 289], "lifetimes": [113, 173], "would": [114], "exceed": [115], "t": [116], "(in": [117], "absence": [119], "such": [121], "losses),": [122], "without": [123], "making": [124], "any": [125], "about": [127], "form": [129], "function": [132], "P(t).": [133], "The": [134], "each": [137], "item": [138], "suitable": [141], "initial": [142], "event,": [143], "marking": [144], "beginning": [146], "its": [148], "lifetime,": [149], "presupposed.": [151], "For": [152], "random": [153], "samples": [154], "size": [156], "N": [157, 171, 193], "product-limit": [159], "(PL)": [160], "can": [162], "defined": [164], "as": [165, 230], "follows:": [166], "List": [167], "label": [169], "observed": [172, 317], "(whether": [174], "death": [176], "loss)": [178], "order": [180], "increasing": [182], "magnitude,": [183], "so": [184, 274], "one": [186], "has": [187], "0\u2264t": [188], "1\u01d0\u2264t": [189], "2\u01d0\u2264": [190], "\u2026": [191], "\u2264t": [192, 213], "\u01d0.": [194], "Then": [195], "P(t)=": [196], "II.": [197], "[(N": [198], "\u2013": [199, 201], "r)/(N": [200], "r": [202, 206], "+": [203], "1)],": [204], "where": [205], "assumes": [207], "those": [208, 287], "values": [209], "which": [211, 216, 233, 267], "tr": [212, 217], "\u01d0": [218], "measures": [219], "death.": [223], "This": [224], "distribution,": [228], "unrestricted": [229], "form,": [232], "maximizes": [234], "likelihood": [236], "Other": [240], "estimates": [241, 248], "are": [243, 245, 250, 283, 291], "discussed": [244], "actuarial": [247], "(which": [249], "also": [251], "products,": [252], "but": [253], "with": [254], "number": [256], "factors": [258], "reduced": [260], "grouping);": [262], "reduced-sample": [264], "(RS)": [265], "estimates,": [266], "require": [268], "losses": [270, 295], "not": [271], "accidental,": [273], "limits": [277], "(potential": [280], "times)": [282], "known": [284], "even": [285], "deaths": [290], "observed.": [292], "When": [293], "no": [294], "occur": [296], "ages": [298], "less": [299], "than": [300], "t,": [301], "all": [307], "cases": [308], "reduces": [309], "usual": [312], "binomial": [313], "estimate,": [314], "namely,": [315], "survivors.": [320]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 210}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 863}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 951}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1066}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1040}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1088}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1029}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 894}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 934}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 963}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 943}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 958}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1134}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1042}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1049}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2561675875", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1108/ir.1999.04926fae.001", "title": "Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1205", "display_name": "Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1205", "publication_year": 1999, "publication_date": "1999-08-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2561675875", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1108/ir.1999.04926fae.001", "mag": "2561675875"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1108/ir.1999.04926fae.001", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1108/ir.1999.04926fae.001", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S166948985", "display_name": "Industrial Robot the international journal of robotics research and application", "issn_l": "0143-991X", "issn": ["0143-991X", "1758-5791"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319811", "host_organization_name": "Emerald Publishing Limited", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Emerald Publishing Limited"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Industrial Robot: An International Journal", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 590.7766, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 38731, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "26", "issue": "6", "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10715", "display_name": "Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems", "score": 0.07119999825954437, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10715", "display_name": "Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems", "score": 0.07119999825954437, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12002", "display_name": "Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms", "score": 0.0608999989926815, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1703", "display_name": "Computational Theory and Mathematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10100", "display_name": "Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research", "score": 0.058800000697374344, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.4251963496208191}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.4251963496208191}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1108/ir.1999.04926fae.001", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1108/ir.1999.04926fae.001", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S166948985", "display_name": "Industrial Robot the international journal of robotics research and application", "issn_l": "0143-991X", "issn": ["0143-991X", "1758-5791"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319811", "host_organization_name": "Emerald Publishing Limited", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Emerald Publishing Limited"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Industrial Robot: An International Journal", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:research.sabanciuniv.edu:6584", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402254", "display_name": "Sabanci University", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I134235054", "host_organization_name": "Sabanc\u0131 \u00dcniversitesi", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I134235054"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "acceptedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "PeerReviewed"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.97.6389", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.97.6389", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://josephmach.free.fr/documents/IWVF4.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-012731434", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://ezb.ur.de/?2018930-8", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Monografische Reihe"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:juser.fz-juelich.de:77059", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://repository.gsi.de/record/29325", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401362", "display_name": "RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I887968799", "host_organization_name": "RWTH Aachen University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Heidelberg : Springer (1973-).", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4", "display_name": "Quality Education", "score": 0.5099999904632568}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4391375266", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2390279801", "https://openalex.org/W2358668433", "https://openalex.org/W4396701345", "https://openalex.org/W2376932109", "https://openalex.org/W2001405890", "https://openalex.org/W4396696052", "https://openalex.org/W2382290278", "https://openalex.org/W4395014643"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Multiscale": [0], "feature": [1], "extraction": [2], "from": [3], "the": [4, 48, 78, 100, 117, 123, 130, 142], "visual": [5, 24, 33, 79, 109, 143], "environment": [6], "in": [7, 31, 63], "an": [8, 96, 105], "active": [9], "vision": [10, 52], "system": [11, 98], "Y.Machrouh": [12], "1,": [13, 15, 17], "J.-S.Li\u00e9nard": [14], "P.Tarroux": [16], "2": [18], "Abstract.": [19], "This": [20], "paper": [21, 83], "presents": [22], "a": [23, 32, 56, 73, 113, 137], "architecture": [25], "able": [26, 93], "to": [27, 36, 39, 54, 68, 94, 103, 135], "identify": [28], "salient": [29, 124], "regions": [30], "scene": [34], "and": [35, 65, 67], "use": [37], "them": [38], "focus": [40, 69], "on": [41, 72, 112, 129], "interesting": [42], "locations.": [43], "It": [44, 120], "is": [45, 92], "inspired": [46], "by": [47], "ability": [49], "of": [50, 59, 77, 89, 107, 116, 132, 141], "natural": [51], "systems": [53], "perform": [55, 104], "differential": [57, 87], "processing": [58, 88], "spatial": [60, 90], "frequencies": [61, 91], "both": [62], "time": [64], "space": [66], "their": [70, 133], "attention": [71], "very": [74], "local": [75], "part": [76], "scene.": [80, 119, 144], "The": [81], "present": [82], "analyzes": [84], "how": [85, 122], "this": [86], "provide": [95], "artificial": [97], "with": [99], "information": [101], "required": [102], "exploration": [106], "its": [108], "world": [110], "based": [111], "center-surround": [114], "distinction": [115], "external": [118], "shows": [121], "locations": [125], "can": [126], "be": [127], "gathered": [128], "basis": [131], "similarities": [134], "form": [136], "high": [138], "level": [139], "representation": [140]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 499}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 550}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 485}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 521}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 547}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 794}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2285}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2160}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 634}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1930}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1564}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 936}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1067}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1178}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1483247593", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.14601/phytopathol_mediterr-14998u1.29", "title": "BIOEDIT: A USER-FRIENDLY BIOLOGICAL SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT EDITOR AND ANALYSIS PROGRAM FOR WINDOWS 95/98/ NT", "display_name": "BIOEDIT: A USER-FRIENDLY BIOLOGICAL SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT EDITOR AND ANALYSIS PROGRAM FOR WINDOWS 95/98/ NT", "publication_year": 1999, "publication_date": "1999-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1483247593", "mag": "1483247593"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "mag:1483247593", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10030689140", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S193378857", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Symposium Series", "issn_l": "0261-3166", "issn": ["0261-3166", "1746-8272"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Symposium Series", "raw_type": null}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103822389", "display_name": "T. A. Hall", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "T. A. Hall", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5103822389"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 309.6724, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 38715, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "41", "issue": "2", "first_page": "95", "last_page": "98"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13240", "display_name": "Bioeconomy and Sustainability Development", "score": 0.7450000047683716, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1100", "display_name": "General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13240", "display_name": "Bioeconomy and Sustainability Development", "score": 0.7450000047683716, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1100", "display_name": "General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10856", "display_name": "Intellectual Property and Patents", "score": 0.7111999988555908, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1405", "display_name": "Management of Technology and Innovation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/14", "display_name": "Business, Management and Accounting"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12255", "display_name": "Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods", "score": 0.6628000140190125, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2403", "display_name": "Immunology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/24", "display_name": "Immunology and Microbiology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "score": 0.6113287210464478}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5408636927604675}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.38537919521331787}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.2012123167514801}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.13145911693572998}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778112365", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065", "display_name": "Sequence (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6113287210464478}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5408636927604675}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.38537919521331787}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.2012123167514801}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.13145911693572998}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "mag:1483247593", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10030689140", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S193378857", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Symposium Series", "issn_l": "0261-3166", "issn": ["0261-3166", "1746-8272"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Symposium Series", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748384280", "https://openalex.org/W2311203695", "https://openalex.org/W2172820226", "https://openalex.org/W2161444534", "https://openalex.org/W2158714788", "https://openalex.org/W2154845780", "https://openalex.org/W2152207030", "https://openalex.org/W2146058063", "https://openalex.org/W2132632499", "https://openalex.org/W2125121305", "https://openalex.org/W2120644786", "https://openalex.org/W2120611093", "https://openalex.org/W2106882534", "https://openalex.org/W2103546861", "https://openalex.org/W2097706568", "https://openalex.org/W2097382368", "https://openalex.org/W2082928585", "https://openalex.org/W2065461553", "https://openalex.org/W2055043387", "https://openalex.org/W2030966943"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 909}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1257}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1425}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1505}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2337}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2394}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2176}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2188}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2254}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2349}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2293}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2311}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2370}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2313}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2061977616", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(00)17018-4", "title": "Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage", "display_name": "Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage", "publication_year": 2004, "publication_date": "2004-05-19", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2061977616", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(00)17018-4", "mag": "2061977616"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/s0742-3322(00)17018-4", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(00)17018-4", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174510", "display_name": "Advances in strategic management", "issn_l": "0742-3322", "issn": ["0742-3322"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "book series"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advances in Strategic Management", "raw_type": "book-chapter"}, "type": "book-chapter", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055251050", "display_name": "Jay B. Barney", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-6702"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I91045830", "display_name": "Texas A&M University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01f5ytq51", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801613365", "display_name": "Mitchell Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/03ds72003", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801613365"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jay B. Barney", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Texas A&M University"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Texas A&M University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801613365", "https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5055251050"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801613365", "https://openalex.org/I91045830"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 3681.6636, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 38498, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": "203", "last_page": "227"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10003", "display_name": "Innovation and Knowledge Management", "score": 0.9932000041007996, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1408", "display_name": "Strategy and Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/14", "display_name": "Business, Management and Accounting"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10003", "display_name": "Innovation and Knowledge Management", "score": 0.9932000041007996, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1408", "display_name": "Strategy and Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/14", "display_name": "Business, Management and Accounting"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11849", "display_name": "Intellectual Capital and Performance Analysis", "score": 0.9697999954223633, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1408", "display_name": "Strategy and Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/14", "display_name": "Business, Management and Accounting"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12851", "display_name": "Firm Innovation and Growth", "score": 0.9573000073432922, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2002", "display_name": "Economics and Econometrics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-advantage", "display_name": "Competitive advantage", "score": 0.8932385444641113}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization", "display_name": "Industrial organization", "score": 0.7018531560897827}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/business", "display_name": "Business", "score": 0.6204040050506592}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/resource", "display_name": "Resource (disambiguation)", "score": 0.596855878829956}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-based-view", "display_name": "Resource-based view", "score": 0.5154460072517395}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-management", "display_name": "Strategic management", "score": 0.4905065894126892}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/value", "display_name": "Value (mathematics)", "score": 0.447244793176651}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing", "display_name": "Marketing", "score": 0.21004843711853027}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.10874900221824646}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C58546491", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207", "display_name": "Competitive advantage", "level": 2, "score": 0.8932385444641113}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783", "display_name": "Industrial organization", "level": 1, "score": 0.7018531560897827}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453", "display_name": "Business", "level": 0, "score": 0.6204040050506592}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C206345919", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951", "display_name": "Resource (disambiguation)", "level": 2, "score": 0.596855878829956}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779669084", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382097", "display_name": "Resource-based view", "level": 3, "score": 0.5154460072517395}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86275758", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376657", "display_name": "Strategic management", "level": 2, "score": 0.4905065894126892}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776291640", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517", "display_name": "Value (mathematics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.447244793176651}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809", "display_name": "Marketing", "level": 1, "score": 0.21004843711853027}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.10874900221824646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C31258907", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371", "display_name": "Computer network", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/s0742-3322(00)17018-4", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(00)17018-4", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210174510", "display_name": "Advances in strategic management", "issn_l": "0742-3322", "issn": ["0742-3322"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "book series"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Advances in Strategic Management", "raw_type": "book-chapter"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320310164", "display_name": "Texas A and M University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01f5ytq51"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 75, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W41600478", "https://openalex.org/W151157839", "https://openalex.org/W385158833", "https://openalex.org/W596730279", "https://openalex.org/W617038684", "https://openalex.org/W620252002", "https://openalex.org/W654384793", "https://openalex.org/W1495886451", "https://openalex.org/W1502729625", "https://openalex.org/W1504129344", "https://openalex.org/W1517602275", "https://openalex.org/W1600296154", "https://openalex.org/W1601128533", "https://openalex.org/W1966144537", "https://openalex.org/W1969131094", "https://openalex.org/W1971422112", "https://openalex.org/W1975653498", "https://openalex.org/W1978613777", "https://openalex.org/W1978687871", "https://openalex.org/W1985098860", "https://openalex.org/W1998691772", "https://openalex.org/W2000465687", "https://openalex.org/W2000789424", "https://openalex.org/W2005200917", "https://openalex.org/W2006772550", "https://openalex.org/W2015633754", "https://openalex.org/W2018037152", "https://openalex.org/W2018551192", "https://openalex.org/W2018944729", "https://openalex.org/W2041254829", "https://openalex.org/W2041670752", "https://openalex.org/W2042067088", "https://openalex.org/W2043593255", "https://openalex.org/W2044904859", "https://openalex.org/W2060827592", "https://openalex.org/W2062223836", "https://openalex.org/W2066557547", "https://openalex.org/W2071419362", "https://openalex.org/W2073362134", "https://openalex.org/W2087584667", "https://openalex.org/W2093745237", "https://openalex.org/W2099762984", "https://openalex.org/W2101946146", "https://openalex.org/W2108767715", "https://openalex.org/W2123640034", "https://openalex.org/W2124024624", "https://openalex.org/W2129758963", "https://openalex.org/W2140956556", "https://openalex.org/W2145767742", "https://openalex.org/W2146906491", "https://openalex.org/W2148105183", "https://openalex.org/W2161435316", "https://openalex.org/W2163010100", "https://openalex.org/W2164324358", "https://openalex.org/W2165848253", "https://openalex.org/W2170144774", "https://openalex.org/W2170492683", "https://openalex.org/W2215283515", "https://openalex.org/W2317118842", "https://openalex.org/W2319965358", "https://openalex.org/W2334331832", "https://openalex.org/W2519447307", "https://openalex.org/W2612740709", "https://openalex.org/W2987712311", "https://openalex.org/W2998796002", "https://openalex.org/W3016265253", "https://openalex.org/W3021840452", "https://openalex.org/W3022678327", "https://openalex.org/W3044348100", "https://openalex.org/W3124201178", "https://openalex.org/W3136907628", "https://openalex.org/W4238036957", "https://openalex.org/W4238050232", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W4300841285"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3215761178", "https://openalex.org/W2126276979", "https://openalex.org/W3125814141", "https://openalex.org/W4313430759", "https://openalex.org/W2243798869", "https://openalex.org/W2030104426", "https://openalex.org/W2781195176", "https://openalex.org/W236186058", "https://openalex.org/W3121636719", "https://openalex.org/W2953753944"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Understanding": [0], "sources": [1], "of": [2, 11, 51, 54, 76, 91, 96], "sustained": [3, 45, 59, 82, 97], "competitive": [4, 46, 60, 83, 98], "advantage": [5, 99], "has": [6], "become": [7], "a": [8], "major": [9], "area": [10], "research": [12], "in": [13], "strategic": [14, 21], "management.": [15], "Building": [16], "on": [17], "the": [18, 39, 52, 74], "assumptions": [19], "that": [20, 29], "resources": [22, 43, 56, 79], "are": [23, 32, 66], "heterogeneously": [24], "distributed": [25], "across": [26], "firms": [27], "and": [28, 44, 64], "these": [30], "differences": [31], "stable": [33], "over": [34], "time,": [35], "this": [36, 92], "article": [37, 86], "examines": [38], "link": [40], "between": [41], "firm": [42, 55, 78, 93], "advantage.": [47], "Four": [48], "empirical": [49], "indicators": [50], "potential": [53, 75], "to": [57], "generate": [58], "advantage-value,": [61], "rareness,": [62], "imitability,": [63], "substitutability": [65], "discussed.": [67], "The": [68, 85], "model": [69, 95], "is": [70], "applied": [71], "by": [72, 88], "analyzing": [73], "several": [77], "for": [80, 100], "generating": [81], "advantages.": [84], "concludes": [87], "examining": [89], "implications": [90], "resource": [94], "other": [101], "business": [102], "disciplines.": [103]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 13}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 481}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 489}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 704}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 614}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2004}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2062}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1925}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2021}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2003}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2196}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2383}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2530}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2448}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2283}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4294216483", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.1.27", "title": "KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes", "display_name": "KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes", "publication_year": 2000, "publication_date": "2000-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4294216483", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.1.27", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10592173"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/28.1.27", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.1.27", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/28/1/27/9895154/280027.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/28/1/27/9895154/280027.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058022821", "display_name": "Minoru Kanehisa", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-540X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4399598384", "display_name": "Kyoto University Institute for Chemical Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/0349bbg69", "country_code": null, "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I22299242", "https://openalex.org/I4399598384"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I22299242", "display_name": "Kyoto University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02kpeqv85", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210088032", "display_name": "Kyoto Bunkyo University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0037an472", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210088032"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "M. Kanehisa", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. kanehisa@kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp", "Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. kanehisa@kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22299242", "https://openalex.org/I4399598384"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210088032", "https://openalex.org/I22299242", "https://openalex.org/I4399598384"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5058022821"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I22299242", "https://openalex.org/I4210088032", "https://openalex.org/I4399598384"], "apc_list": {"value": 3630, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3630}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 15.5731, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 38440, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99539166, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "28", "issue": "1", "first_page": "27", "last_page": "30"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10932", "display_name": "Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction", "score": 0.9645000100135803, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10932", "display_name": "Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction", "score": 0.9645000100135803, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10887", "display_name": "Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks", "score": 0.927299976348877, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13937", "display_name": "Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research", "score": 0.9171000123023987, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/kegg", "display_name": "KEGG", "score": 0.9769691824913025}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genome", "display_name": "Genome", "score": 0.767094612121582}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.7576679587364197}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.5470009446144104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.47921615839004517}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-project", "display_name": "Genome project", "score": 0.422437846660614}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.33942723274230957}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/database", "display_name": "Database", "score": 0.33625102043151855}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression", "display_name": "Gene expression", "score": 0.18716448545455933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/transcriptome", "display_name": "Transcriptome", "score": 0.10212519764900208}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.09130153059959412}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C152724338", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909442", "display_name": "KEGG", "level": 5, "score": 0.9769691824913025}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C141231307", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020", "display_name": "Genome", "level": 3, "score": 0.767094612121582}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.7576679587364197}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.5470009446144104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.47921615839004517}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C89566754", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2273828", "display_name": "Genome project", "level": 4, "score": 0.422437846660614}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.33942723274230957}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513", "display_name": "Database", "level": 1, "score": 0.33625102043151855}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C150194340", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972", "display_name": "Gene expression", "level": 3, "score": 0.18716448545455933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162317418", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857", "display_name": "Transcriptome", "level": 4, "score": 0.10212519764900208}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.09130153059959412}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007564", "descriptor_name": "Japan", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007564", "descriptor_name": "Japan", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007564", "descriptor_name": "Japan", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011506", "descriptor_name": "Proteins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000378", "qualifier_name": "metabolism", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015870", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015870", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015870", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016208", "descriptor_name": "Databases, Factual", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016247", "descriptor_name": "Information Storage and Retrieval", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016247", "descriptor_name": "Information Storage and Retrieval", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016247", "descriptor_name": "Information Storage and Retrieval", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016678", "descriptor_name": "Genome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016678", "descriptor_name": "Genome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016678", "descriptor_name": "Genome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/28.1.27", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.1.27", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/28/1/27/9895154/280027.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:10592173", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10592173", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic acids research", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:154420", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/102409", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:102409", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/nar/28.1.27", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.1.27", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/28/1/27/9895154/280027.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134668137", "display_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "issn_l": "0305-1048", "issn": ["0305-1048", "1362-4954", "1362-4962"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nucleic Acids Research", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335525", "display_name": "Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University", "ror": null}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294216483.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294216483.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 4, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1482515444", "https://openalex.org/W4388324591", "https://openalex.org/W6637779140", "https://openalex.org/W6725106931"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2773247701", "https://openalex.org/W2951353021", "https://openalex.org/W1969895229", "https://openalex.org/W1560725704", "https://openalex.org/W2135598780", "https://openalex.org/W3047903919", "https://openalex.org/W4386028668", "https://openalex.org/W2132017020", "https://openalex.org/W2045048100", "https://openalex.org/W1841715584"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"KEGG": [0, 129, 143, 174], "(Kyoto": [1], "Encyclopedia": [2], "of": [3, 14, 38, 54, 72, 93], "Genes": [4], "and": [5, 47, 82, 116, 140, 156, 170, 179], "Genomes)": [6], "is": [7, 28, 35, 62, 88, 130], "a": [8, 36, 91], "knowledge": [9], "base": [10], "for": [11, 41, 97, 132, 148, 165], "systematic": [12], "analysis": [13], "gene": [15, 39, 55, 123], "functions,": [16], "linking": [17], "genomic": [18, 26], "information": [19, 27, 61, 99, 134], "with": [20, 51], "higher": [21, 58], "order": [22, 59], "functional": [23, 60], "information.": [24], "The": [25, 57, 85, 173], "stored": [29, 63], "in": [30, 64, 121, 128], "the": [31, 43, 65, 98, 114, 133], "GENES": [32], "database,": [33, 67], "which": [34, 68, 105, 117], "collection": [37], "catalogs": [40], "all": [42], "completely": [44], "sequenced": [45], "genomes": [46, 50], "some": [48], "partial": [49], "up-to-date": [52], "annotation": [53], "functions.": [56, 124], "PATHWAY": [66, 86], "contains": [69], "graphical": [70], "representations": [71], "cellular": [73], "processes,": [74], "such": [75], "as": [76, 160, 162], "metabolism,": [77], "membrane": [78], "transport,": [79], "signal": [80], "transduction": [81], "cell": [83], "cycle.": [84], "database": [87, 127], "supplemented": [89], "by": [90, 109], "set": [92], "ortholog": [94], "group": [95], "tables": [96], "about": [100, 135], "conserved": [101], "subpathways": [102], "(pathway": [103], "motifs),": [104], "are": [106, 118, 176], "often": [107], "encoded": [108], "positionally": [110], "coupled": [111], "genes": [112], "on": [113], "chromosome": [115], "especially": [119], "useful": [120], "predicting": [122], "A": [125], "third": [126], "LIGAND": [131], "chemical": [136], "compounds,": [137], "enzyme": [138], "molecules": [139], "enzymatic": [141], "reactions.": [142], "provides": [144], "Java": [145], "graphics": [146], "tools": [147, 164], "browsing": [149], "genome": [150, 154], "maps,": [151, 159], "comparing": [152], "two": [153], "maps": [155], "manipulating": [157], "expression": [158], "well": [161], "computational": [163], "sequence": [166], "comparison,": [167], "graph": [168], "comparison": [169], "path": [171], "computation.": [172], "databases": [175], "daily": [177], "updated": [178], "made": [180], "freely": [181], "available": [182], "(http://www.": [183], "genome.ad.jp/kegg/).": [184]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1088}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4856}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 6032}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5341}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4761}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3709}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2482}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1767}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1339}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1250}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1165}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 993}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 721}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 593}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 501}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2011301426", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/mcse.2007.55", "title": "Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment", "display_name": "Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment", "publication_year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2011301426", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/mcse.2007.55", "mag": "2011301426"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/mcse.2007.55", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/mcse.2007.55", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S107923245", "display_name": "Computing in Science & Engineering", "issn_l": "1521-9615", "issn": ["1521-9615", "1558-366X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320061", "host_organization_name": "AIP Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320061", "https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["AIP Publishing", "American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Computing in Science &amp; Engineering", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109116024", "display_name": "John D. Hunter", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I223532165", "display_name": "University of Utah", "ror": "https://ror.org/03r0ha626", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "John D. Hunter", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake, UT", "Tradelink#TAB#"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake, UT", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Tradelink#TAB#", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5109116024"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I223532165"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 29.9438, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 38317, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99666545, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "9", "issue": "3", "first_page": "90", "last_page": "95"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13650", "display_name": "Computational Physics and Python Applications", "score": 0.8888000249862671, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13650", "display_name": "Computational Physics and Python Applications", "score": 0.8888000249862671, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.7345890998840332}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics", "display_name": "Graphics", "score": 0.6856414079666138}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics", "display_name": "Computer graphics (images)", "score": 0.5053752064704895}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics", "display_name": "Computer graphics", "score": 0.5027999877929688}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.7345890998840332}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C21442007", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879", "display_name": "Graphics", "level": 2, "score": 0.6856414079666138}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121684516", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677", "display_name": "Computer graphics (images)", "level": 1, "score": 0.5053752064704895}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77660652", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971", "display_name": "Computer graphics", "level": 2, "score": 0.5027999877929688}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1109/mcse.2007.55", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/mcse.2007.55", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S107923245", "display_name": "Computing in Science & Engineering", "issn_l": "1521-9615", "issn": ["1521-9615", "1558-366X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320061", "host_organization_name": "AIP Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320061", "https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["AIP Publishing", "American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Computing in Science &amp; Engineering", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2319989118", "https://openalex.org/W856338413", "https://openalex.org/W74297911", "https://openalex.org/W82290398", "https://openalex.org/W2381296300", "https://openalex.org/W2066703180", "https://openalex.org/W4251518457", "https://openalex.org/W1991998366", "https://openalex.org/W1503820821", "https://openalex.org/W4242352618"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Matplotlib": [0], "is": [1], "a": [2], "2D": [3], "graphics": [4], "package": [5], "used": [6], "for": [7, 9], "Python": [8], "application": [10], "development,": [11], "interactive": [12], "scripting,and": [13], "publication-quality": [14], "image": [15], "generation": [16], "across": [17], "user": [18], "interfaces": [19], "and": [20], "operating": [21], "systems": [22]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1526}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 6169}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5835}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5169}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4713}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4517}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3309}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2230}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1648}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1066}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 762}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 569}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 352}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 218}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 114}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2109469951", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1086/225469", "title": "The Strength of Weak Ties", "display_name": "The Strength of Weak Ties", "publication_year": 1973, "publication_date": "1973-05-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2109469951", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1086/225469", "mag": "2109469951"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1086/225469", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1086/225469", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S122471516", "display_name": "American Journal of Sociology", "issn_l": "0002-9602", "issn": ["0002-9602", "1537-5390"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315672", "host_organization_name": "University of Chicago Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315672", "https://openalex.org/P4310315690"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["University of Chicago Press", "University of Chicago"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "American Journal of Sociology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035549347", "display_name": "Mark Granovetter", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I145311948", "display_name": "Johns Hopkins University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Mark S. Granovetter", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Johns Hopkins University ("], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Johns Hopkins University (", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5035549347"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I145311948"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 12.4274, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 38067, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99058747, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "78", "issue": "6", "first_page": "1360", "last_page": "1380"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12592", "display_name": "Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence", "score": 0.9994000196456909, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3109", "display_name": "Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12592", "display_name": "Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence", "score": 0.9994000196456909, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3109", "display_name": "Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10064", "display_name": "Complex Network Analysis Techniques", "score": 0.9958000183105469, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3109", "display_name": "Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11239", "display_name": "Social Capital and Networks", "score": 0.9958000183105469, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/business", "display_name": "Business", "score": 0.39281168580055237}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453", "display_name": "Business", "level": 0, "score": 0.39281168580055237}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1086/225469", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1086/225469", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S122471516", "display_name": "American Journal of Sociology", "issn_l": "0002-9602", "issn": ["0002-9602", "1537-5390"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315672", "host_organization_name": "University of Chicago Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315672", "https://openalex.org/P4310315690"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["University of Chicago Press", "University of Chicago"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "American Journal of Sociology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10", "display_name": "Reduced inequalities", "score": 0.75}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 36, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W39300343", "https://openalex.org/W1484775731", "https://openalex.org/W1520636571", "https://openalex.org/W1573579329", "https://openalex.org/W1583489002", "https://openalex.org/W1963946205", "https://openalex.org/W1969323423", "https://openalex.org/W1983862685", "https://openalex.org/W1986936900", "https://openalex.org/W1990513740", "https://openalex.org/W1993744672", "https://openalex.org/W1996662698", "https://openalex.org/W2022302676", "https://openalex.org/W2026030034", "https://openalex.org/W2036591912", "https://openalex.org/W2038876300", "https://openalex.org/W2047125192", "https://openalex.org/W2054354419", "https://openalex.org/W2059356708", "https://openalex.org/W2074724691", "https://openalex.org/W2085428928", "https://openalex.org/W2089579808", "https://openalex.org/W2092596755", "https://openalex.org/W2094837450", "https://openalex.org/W2143893259", "https://openalex.org/W2156894402", "https://openalex.org/W2313539945", "https://openalex.org/W2314018218", "https://openalex.org/W2322675392", "https://openalex.org/W2326595118", "https://openalex.org/W2333923417", "https://openalex.org/W2439498052", "https://openalex.org/W2795857897", "https://openalex.org/W2797085700", "https://openalex.org/W2800953867", "https://openalex.org/W3028284711"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2765153054", "https://openalex.org/W2931838652", "https://openalex.org/W2596173151", "https://openalex.org/W3080576469", "https://openalex.org/W4231340554", "https://openalex.org/W1491839574", "https://openalex.org/W3168296622", "https://openalex.org/W2011945577", "https://openalex.org/W2072270077", "https://openalex.org/W4307515305"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Analysis": [0], "of": [1, 15, 24, 28, 31, 36, 45, 47, 57, 65, 70, 88, 115, 122, 124, 132], "social": [2, 125], "networks": [3, 51], "is": [4, 20, 40, 79, 82], "suggested": [5], "as": [6], "a": [7], "tool": [8], "for": [9], "linking": [10], "micro": [11], "and": [12, 72, 76, 119], "macro": [13, 26], "levels": [14], "sociological": [16], "theory.": [17], "The": [18, 63], "procedure": [19], "illustrated": [21], "by": [22], "elaboration": [23], "the": [25, 34, 43, 55, 85], "implications": [27], "one": [29, 61], "aspect": [30], "small-scale": [32], "interaction:": [33], "strength": [35, 56], "dyadic": [37], "ties.": [38, 90], "It": [39], "argued": [41], "that": [42], "degree": [44], "overlap": [46], "two": [48], "individuals'": [49], "friendship": [50], "varies": [52], "directly": [53], "with": [54, 96], "their": [58, 101], "tie": [59], "to": [60, 103, 113, 120], "another.": [62], "impact": [64], "this": [66], "principle": [67], "on": [68, 84, 108], "diffusion": [69], "influence": [71], "information,": [73], "mobility": [74], "opportunity,": [75], "community": [77], "organization": [78], "explored.": [80], "Stress": [81], "laid": [83], "cohesive": [86], "power": [87], "weak": [89, 109], "Most": [91], "network": [92], "models": [93], "deal,": [94], "implicitly,": [95], "strong": [97], "ties,": [98], "thus": [99], "confining": [100], "applicability": [102], "small,": [104], "well-defined": [105], "groups.": [106, 134], "Emphasis": [107], "ties": [110], "lends": [111], "itself": [112], "discussion": [114], "relations": [116], "between": [117], "groups": [118], "analysis": [121], "segments": [123], "structure": [126], "not": [127], "easily": [128], "defined": [129], "in": [130], "terms": [131], "primary": [133]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 426}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1409}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1335}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1301}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1377}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1637}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1711}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1751}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1803}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1848}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1821}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2014}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2138}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2142}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1897}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2799524357", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096", "title": "MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms", "display_name": "MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms", "publication_year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-05-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2799524357", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096", "mag": "2799524357", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29722887"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/molbev/msy096", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/35/6/1547/25091958/msy096.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "doaj", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/35/6/1547/25091958/msy096.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100680948", "display_name": "Sudhir Kumar", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-8212"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I84392919", "display_name": "Temple University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00kx1jb78", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I185163786", "display_name": "King Abdulaziz University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ma4wv74", "country_code": "SA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}], "countries": ["SA", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sudhir Kumar", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Excellence in Genome Medicine and Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia", "Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA", "Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Excellence in Genome Medicine and Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5067791761", "display_name": "Glen Stecher", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I84392919", "display_name": "Temple University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00kx1jb78", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Glen Stecher", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103055442", "display_name": "Michael Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-7667"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I84392919", "display_name": "Temple University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00kx1jb78", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Michael Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041551178", "display_name": "Christina Knyaz", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I84392919", "display_name": "Temple University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00kx1jb78", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Christina Knyaz", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007823743", "display_name": "Koichiro Tamura", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-5399"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I69740276", "display_name": "Tokyo Metropolitan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00ws30h19", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Koichiro Tamura", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan", "Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 3, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5007823743"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I69740276"], "apc_list": {"value": 3255, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3255}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1372.5916, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 38009, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "35", "issue": "6", "first_page": "1547", "last_page": "1549"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9941999912261963, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9941999912261963, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11764", "display_name": "Evolution and Genetic Dynamics", "score": 0.9902999997138977, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311", "display_name": "Genetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11975", "display_name": "Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications", "score": 0.9890000224113464, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mega", "display_name": "Mega-", "score": 0.954684853553772}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation", "display_name": "Emulation", "score": 0.7341845035552979}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.7123891115188599}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software", "display_name": "Software", "score": 0.6246368288993835}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization", "display_name": "Virtualization", "score": 0.5699940919876099}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenomics", "display_name": "Phylogenomics", "score": 0.5189033150672913}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system", "display_name": "Operating system", "score": 0.45067527890205383}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/os-x", "display_name": "OS X", "score": 0.41936415433883667}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.39244985580444336}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.34846800565719604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetic-tree", "display_name": "Phylogenetic tree", "score": 0.27822941541671753}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.18265393376350403}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing", "display_name": "Cloud computing", "score": 0.15253958106040955}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/clade", "display_name": "Clade", "score": 0.07831022143363953}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781078984", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107205", "display_name": "Mega-", "level": 2, "score": 0.954684853553772}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149810388", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873", "display_name": "Emulation", "level": 2, "score": 0.7341845035552979}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.7123891115188599}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.6246368288993835}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C513985346", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471", "display_name": "Virtualization", "level": 3, "score": 0.5699940919876099}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70343354", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381973", "display_name": "Phylogenomics", "level": 5, "score": 0.5189033150672913}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.45067527890205383}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C515153823", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14116", "display_name": "OS X", "level": 3, "score": 0.41936415433883667}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.39244985580444336}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.34846800565719604}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C193252679", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125", "display_name": "Phylogenetic tree", "level": 3, "score": 0.27822941541671753}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.18265393376350403}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C79974875", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639", "display_name": "Cloud computing", "level": 2, "score": 0.15253958106040955}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C44465124", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713623", "display_name": "Clade", "level": 4, "score": 0.07831022143363953}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C1276947", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333", "display_name": "Astronomy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833", "display_name": "Economic growth", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D005821", "descriptor_name": "Genetic Techniques", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005821", "descriptor_name": "Genetic Techniques", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005821", "descriptor_name": "Genetic Techniques", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010802", "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019143", "descriptor_name": "Evolution, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019143", "descriptor_name": "Evolution, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019143", "descriptor_name": "Evolution, Molecular", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1093/molbev/msy096", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/35/6/1547/25091958/msy096.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:29722887", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29722887", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular biology and evolution", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5511388", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5967553", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1093/molbev/msy096", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096", "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/35/6/1547/25091958/msy096.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S57552105", "display_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "issn_l": "0737-4038", "issn": ["0737-4038", "1537-1719"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "host_organization_name": "Oxford University Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311648", "https://openalex.org/P4310311647"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Oxford University Press", "University of Oxford"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Molecular Biology and Evolution", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G1126534504", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "R01GM126567", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "funder_display_name": "National Institutes of Health"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1297753613", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "1661218", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1466802593", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "ABI 1661218", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1775964197", "display_name": "\u30eb\u30fc\u30e1\u30f3\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30be\u30a2\u306e\u7121\u83cc\u7684\u57f9\u990a", "funder_award_id": "166121", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334764", "funder_display_name": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3611247453", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "R01GM", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "funder_display_name": "National Institutes of Health"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5256887504", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334764", "funder_display_name": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5694764931", "display_name": "\u7a2e\u3005\u306e\u5916\u529b\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u6709\u5b54\u77e9\u5f62\u677f\u306e\u5fdc\u529b\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6493\u307f\u3068\u305d\u306e\u88dc\u5f37\u6cd5\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76", "funder_award_id": "66121", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334764", "funder_display_name": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7752643416", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Japan", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334764", "funder_display_name": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G848032724", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Science", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "funder_display_name": "National Science Foundation"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G881473871", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "R01GM126567-01", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "funder_display_name": "National Institutes of Health"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306076", "display_name": "National Science Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334764", "display_name": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2799524357.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2799524357.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 5, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2097403532", "https://openalex.org/W2121552166", "https://openalex.org/W2156434383", "https://openalex.org/W2311203695", "https://openalex.org/W6674423240"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2380915035", "https://openalex.org/W2154523322", "https://openalex.org/W2083200807", "https://openalex.org/W4402810557", "https://openalex.org/W4385584191", "https://openalex.org/W1603137082", "https://openalex.org/W2364195017", "https://openalex.org/W3112226121", "https://openalex.org/W2355430452", "https://openalex.org/W1951195060"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "Molecular": [1], "Evolutionary": [2], "Genetics": [3], "Analysis": [4], "(Mega)": [5], "software": [6, 43], "implements": [7], "many": [8, 64], "analytical": [9], "methods": [10], "and": [11, 15, 31, 44, 76, 79], "tools": [12], "for": [13, 63], "phylogenomics": [14], "phylomedicine.": [16], "Here,": [17], "we": [18], "report": [19], "a": [20, 46], "transformation": [21], "of": [22, 86], "Mega": [23, 35, 52, 68], "to": [24, 58], "enable": [25], "cross-platform": [26], "use": [27, 59], "on": [28], "Microsoft": [29], "Windows": [30], "Linux": [32], "operating": [33], "systems.": [34], "X": [36, 53, 69], "does": [37], "not": [38], "require": [39], "virtualization": [40], "or": [41], "emulation": [42], "provides": [45], "uniform": [47], "user": [48], "experience": [49], "across": [50], "platforms.": [51], "has": [54], "additionally": [55], "been": [56], "upgraded": [57], "multiple": [60], "computing": [61], "cores": [62], "molecular": [65], "evolutionary": [66], "analyses.": [67], "is": [70], "available": [71], "in": [72], "two": [73], "interfaces": [74], "(graphical": [75], "command": [77], "line)": [78], "can": [80], "be": [81], "downloaded": [82], "from": [83], "www.megasoftware.net": [84], "free": [85], "charge.": [87]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 802}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4027}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5435}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 5990}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 7386}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 7601}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4944}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1623}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 140}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 4}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2067495470", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004", "title": "An Inventory for Measuring Depression", "display_name": "An Inventory for Measuring Depression", "publication_year": 1961, "publication_date": "1961-06-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2067495470", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004", "mag": "2067495470", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13688369"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S126359496", "display_name": "Archives of General Psychiatry", "issn_l": "0003-990X", "issn": ["0003-990X", "1538-3636"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320259", "host_organization_name": "American Medical Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Medical Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Archives of General Psychiatry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5059319052", "display_name": "Aaron T. Beck", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6210-9528"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I79576946", "display_name": "University of Pennsylvania", "ror": "https://ror.org/00b30xv10", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "A. T. BECK", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["U. Pennsylvania"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "U. Pennsylvania", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5059319052"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I79576946"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 17.9566, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 37949, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99381284, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "4", "issue": "6", "first_page": "561", "last_page": "561"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13283", "display_name": "Mental Health Research Topics", "score": 0.7121999859809875, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3205", "display_name": "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13283", "display_name": "Mental Health Research Topics", "score": 0.7121999859809875, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3205", "display_name": "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10272", "display_name": "Mental Health Treatment and Access", "score": 0.659600019454956, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11334", "display_name": "Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments", "score": 0.6097999811172485, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2738", "display_name": "Psychiatry and Mental health"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/variety", "display_name": "Variety (cybernetics)", "score": 0.6774044036865234}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.6567010283470154}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychopathology", "display_name": "Psychopathology", "score": 0.5441681742668152}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/indictment", "display_name": "Indictment", "score": 0.5378785133361816}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis", "display_name": "Medical diagnosis", "score": 0.5020933151245117}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/rating-scale", "display_name": "Rating scale", "score": 0.4961260259151459}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology", "display_name": "Clinical psychology", "score": 0.4313104748725891}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-testing", "display_name": "Psychological testing", "score": 0.4284323751926422}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry", "display_name": "Psychiatry", "score": 0.39055755734443665}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.18426939845085144}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology", "display_name": "Developmental psychology", "score": 0.14931166172027588}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.12617939710617065}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.09290856122970581}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C136197465", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295", "display_name": "Variety (cybernetics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6774044036865234}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.6567010283470154}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C123273963", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624758", "display_name": "Psychopathology", "level": 2, "score": 0.5441681742668152}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778985074", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17310301", "display_name": "Indictment", "level": 2, "score": 0.5378785133361816}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C534262118", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719", "display_name": "Medical diagnosis", "level": 2, "score": 0.5020933151245117}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C83849319", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720", "display_name": "Rating scale", "level": 2, "score": 0.4961260259151459}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70410870", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906", "display_name": "Clinical psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.4313104748725891}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C163515075", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873512", "display_name": "Psychological testing", "level": 2, "score": 0.4284323751926422}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867", "display_name": "Psychiatry", "level": 1, "score": 0.39055755734443665}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.18426939845085144}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138496976", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002", "display_name": "Developmental psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.14931166172027588}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.12617939710617065}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.09290856122970581}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D003863", "descriptor_name": "Depression", "qualifier_ui": "Q000523", "qualifier_name": "psychology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003863", "descriptor_name": "Depression", "qualifier_ui": "Q000523", "qualifier_name": "psychology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003863", "descriptor_name": "Depression", "qualifier_ui": "Q000523", "qualifier_name": "psychology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003866", "descriptor_name": "Depressive Disorder", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003866", "descriptor_name": "Depressive Disorder", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003866", "descriptor_name": "Depressive Disorder", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010555", "descriptor_name": "Personality Inventory", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010555", "descriptor_name": "Personality Inventory", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010555", "descriptor_name": "Personality Inventory", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011581", "descriptor_name": "Psychological Tests", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011581", "descriptor_name": "Psychological Tests", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011581", "descriptor_name": "Psychological Tests", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S126359496", "display_name": "Archives of General Psychiatry", "issn_l": "0003-990X", "issn": ["0003-990X", "1538-3636"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320259", "host_organization_name": "American Medical Association", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Medical Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Archives of General Psychiatry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:13688369", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13688369", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Archives of general psychiatry", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.934.7580", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.934.7580", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.scalesandmeasures.net/files/files/Beck_AT_1961.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 8, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1833845071", "https://openalex.org/W2002664886", "https://openalex.org/W2036352169", "https://openalex.org/W2070712677", "https://openalex.org/W2077263370", "https://openalex.org/W2105964279", "https://openalex.org/W2174554280", "https://openalex.org/W2568019624"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2372861510", "https://openalex.org/W2045615033", "https://openalex.org/W2045293349", "https://openalex.org/W2319547689", "https://openalex.org/W2559792364", "https://openalex.org/W2090391053", "https://openalex.org/W2026062349", "https://openalex.org/W2414523011", "https://openalex.org/W4253084659", "https://openalex.org/W2155263825"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "difficulties": [1], "inherent": [2], "in": [3, 88, 100], "obtaining": [4], "consistent": [5], "and": [6, 14, 45, 53, 68, 81, 108], "adequate": [7], "diagnoses": [8], "for": [9, 47, 111, 130], "the": [10, 30, 40, 112, 117, 131], "purposes": [11], "of": [12, 23, 39, 43, 50, 56, 92, 114, 119, 124, 133], "research": [13], "therapy": [15], "have": [16, 86, 96, 127], "been": [17, 97, 128], "pointed": [18], "out": [19], "by": [20, 74, 104], "a": [21, 26, 89, 101, 122], "number": [22], "authors.": [24], "Pasamanick<sup>12</sup>in": [25], "recent": [27], "article": [28, 103], "viewed": [29], "low": [31], "interclinician": [32], "agreement": [33], "on": [34, 60, 66], "diagnosis": [35], "as": [36], "an": [37], "indictment": [38], "present": [41], "state": [42], "psychiatry": [44], "called": [46], "\"the": [48], "development": [49], "objective,": [51], "measurable": [52, 71], "verifiable": [54], "criteria": [55], "classification": [57], "based": [58], "not": [59], "personal": [61], "or": [62], "parochial": [63], "considerations,": [64], "but": [65], "behavioral": [67], "other": [69, 75], "objectively": [70], "manifestations.\"": [72], "Attempts": [73], "investigators": [76], "to": [77, 83], "subject": [78], "clinical": [79], "observations": [80], "judgments": [82], "objective": [84], "measurement": [85], "resulted": [87], "wide": [90], "variety": [91, 123], "psychiatric": [93], "rating": [94], "scales.<sup>4,15</sup>These": [95], "well": [98], "summarized": [99], "review": [102], "Lorr<sup>11</sup>on": [105], "\"Rating": [106], "Scales": [107], "Check": [109], "Lists": [110], "Evaluation": [113], "Psychopathology.\"": [115], "In": [116], "area": [118], "psychological": [120], "testing,": [121], "paper-and-pencil": [125], "tests": [126], "devised": [129], "purpose": [132], "measuring": [134], "specific": [135]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 257}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1036}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1151}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1283}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1240}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1447}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1379}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1248}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1291}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1222}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1318}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1405}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1402}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1515}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1319}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2099111195", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/0471200611", "title": "Elements of Information Theory", "display_name": "Elements of Information Theory", "publication_year": 2001, "publication_date": "2001-10-05", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2099111195", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/0471200611", "mag": "2099111195"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/0471200611", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/0471200611", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "monograph"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055073921", "display_name": "Thomas M. Cover", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I97018004", "display_name": "Stanford University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f54p054", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Thomas M. Cover", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Stanford University Stanford CA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Stanford University Stanford CA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110907440", "display_name": "Joy A. Thomas", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1341412227", "display_name": "IBM (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/05hh8d621", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Joy A. Thomas", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["IBM- Watson Research Center, Hawthorne, NY#TAB#"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "IBM- Watson Research Center, Hawthorne, NY#TAB#", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5055073921"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I97018004"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 269.807, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 37877, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10050", "display_name": "Multi-Criteria Decision Making", "score": 0.6917999982833862, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10050", "display_name": "Multi-Criteria Decision Making", "score": 0.6917999982833862, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12002", "display_name": "Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms", "score": 0.6090999841690063, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1703", "display_name": "Computational Theory and Mathematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12261", "display_name": "Statistical Mechanics and Entropy", "score": 0.5849000215530396, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3109", "display_name": "Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.45597609877586365}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.45597609877586365}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1002/0471200611", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/0471200611", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "monograph"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-002978304", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014885866", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0624/2005047799-d.html", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:570608", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://cds.cern.ch/record/570608", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402195", "display_name": "CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": ""}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2390279801", "https://openalex.org/W2358668433", "https://openalex.org/W2376932109", "https://openalex.org/W2382290278", "https://openalex.org/W2350741829", "https://openalex.org/W2130043461", "https://openalex.org/W2530322880", "https://openalex.org/W1596801655"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Preface": [0, 5], "to": [1, 6, 307, 316, 351, 389, 435], "the": [2, 7, 12, 17, 27, 105, 113, 175, 207, 257, 284, 305, 308, 314, 317, 390, 429, 436, 443, 457, 467, 519, 721, 728, 735, 747], "Second": [3, 13, 146], "Edition.": [4, 9, 14, 19], "First": [8, 18], "Acknowledgments": [10, 15], "for": [11, 16, 60, 182, 342, 393, 572, 785, 811, 815], "1.": [20], "Introduction": [21], "and": [22, 33, 41, 47, 54, 64, 70, 77, 112, 224, 233, 240, 251, 304, 356, 363, 373, 451, 466, 478, 518, 566, 602, 607, 617, 635, 676, 708, 734, 780, 799, 806], "Preview.": [23], "1.1": [24], "Preview": [25, 282], "of": [26, 104, 123, 137, 148, 152, 164, 197, 206, 212, 246, 256, 259, 270, 278, 283, 348, 368, 428, 442, 456, 463, 482, 486, 499, 546, 583, 596, 612, 668, 720, 727, 746, 770, 795, 817, 825], "Book.": [28], "2.": [29], "Entropy,": [30, 32, 61, 63, 370, 372], "Relative": [31, 45, 62, 361, 371, 781], "Mutual": [34, 48, 55, 65, 364, 374], "Information.": [35, 49, 56, 66, 235, 365, 375, 514, 690, 696, 801], "2.1": [36], "Entropy.": [37, 43, 337, 353, 359, 528, 608, 775, 782, 791], "2.2": [38], "Joint": [39, 355], "Entropy": [40, 46, 53, 121, 131, 135, 241, 245, 258, 350, 362, 531, 538, 544, 553, 779, 793, 798, 803], "Conditional": [42, 357, 503], "2.3": [44], "2.4": [50], "Relationship": [51], "Between": [52, 673], "2.5": [57], "Chain": [58], "Rules": [59], "2.6": [67], "Jensen's": [68], "Inequality": [69, 76, 181, 303, 805], "Its": [71, 78], "Consequences.": [72], "2.7": [73], "Log": [74], "Sum": [75], "Applications.": [79], "2.8": [80], "Data-Processing": [81], "Inequality.": [82, 88, 168, 521, 808], "2.9": [83], "Sufficient": [84, 640], "Statistics.": [85, 479], "2.10": [86], "Fano's": [87, 302], "Summary.": [89, 116, 155, 218, 261, 331, 376, 414, 471, 522, 555, 587, 647, 701, 758, 819], "Problems.": [90, 117, 156, 219, 262, 332, 377, 415, 472, 523, 556, 588, 648, 702, 759, 820], "Historical": [91, 118, 157, 220, 263, 333, 378, 416, 473, 524, 557, 589, 649, 703, 760, 821], "Notes.": [92, 119, 158, 221, 264, 334, 379, 417, 474, 525, 558, 590, 650, 704, 761, 822], "3.": [93], "Asymptotic": [94, 98, 725], "Equipartition": [95, 99], "Property.": [96], "3.1": [97], "Property": [100], "Theorem.": [101, 287, 297, 310, 320, 330, 439, 501, 505, 554], "3.2": [102], "Consequences": [103], "AEP:": [106], "Data": [107, 160, 225, 249], "Compression.": [108, 161, 226, 586], "3.3": [109], "High-Probability": [110], "Sets": [111], "Typical": [114, 292, 449, 661], "Set.": [115], "4.": [120], "Rates": [122, 545, 794], "a": [124, 138, 142, 547], "Stochastic": [125], "Process.": [126, 549], "4.1": [127], "Markov": [128, 153], "Chains.": [129, 154], "4.2": [130], "Rate.": [132, 242, 737], "4.3": [133], "Example:": [134], "Rate": [136, 419, 430, 437, 444, 452, 458, 468, 692], "Random": [139, 344, 616], "Walk": [140], "on": [141, 174, 192, 778, 790], "Weighted": [143], "Graph.": [144], "4.4": [145], "Law": [147, 485], "Thermodynamics.": [149], "4.5": [150], "Functions": [151], "5.": [159], "5.1": [162], "Examples": [163, 269, 498], "Codes.": [165, 171, 185, 188, 194, 199, 300, 323], "5.2": [166], "Kraft": [167, 180], "5.3": [169], "Optimal": [170, 176], "5.4": [172], "Bounds": [173, 777, 789], "Code": [177], "Length.": [178], "5.5": [179], "Uniquely": [183], "Decodable": [184], "5.6": [186], "Huffman": [187, 193, 198], "5.7": [189], "Some": [190, 715], "Comments": [191], "5.8": [195], "Optimality": [196, 205, 582, 726, 745], "5.9": [200], "Shannon-Fano-Elias": [201], "Coding.": [202, 492, 562, 577, 580], "5.10": [203], "Competitive": [204, 744], "Shannon": [208], "Code.": [209], "5.11": [210], "Generation": [211], "Discrete": [213, 352], "Distributions": [214], "from": [215], "Fair": [216], "Coins.": [217], "6.": [222], "Gambling": [223, 232, 254], "6.1": [227], "The": [228, 244, 712], "Horse": [229, 238], "Race.": [230], "6.2": [231], "Side": [234, 689, 695, 732], "6.3": [236], "Dependent": [237], "Races": [239], "6.4": [243], "English.": [247, 260], "6.5": [248], "Compression": [250], "Gambling.": [252, 628], "6.6": [253], "Estimate": [255], "7.": [265], "Channel": [266, 271, 279, 285, 295, 318, 464, 567], "Capacity.": [267, 272, 280, 326, 568], "7.1": [268], "7.2": [273], "Symmetric": [274], "Channels.": [275, 395, 398, 402, 658, 678], "7.3": [276], "Properties": [277, 367], "7.4": [281], "Coding": [286, 296, 309, 319, 391, 571, 687], "7.5": [288], "Definitions.": [289, 339, 386, 425, 716], "7.6": [290], "Jointly": [291, 660], "Sequences.": [293, 574, 619, 662], "7.7": [294], "7.8": [298], "Zero-Error": [299], "7.9": [301], "Converse": [306, 315, 388, 434], "7.10": [311], "Equality": [312], "in": [313, 740, 764], "7.11": [321], "Hamming": [322], "7.12": [324], "Feedback": [325], "7.13": [327], "Source-Channel": [328], "Separation": [329], "8.": [335], "Differential": [336, 349, 358, 369, 774], "8.1": [338], "8.2": [340], "AEP": [341], "Continuous": [343], "Variables.": [345], "8.3": [346], "Relation": [347], "8.4": [354], "8.5": [360], "8.6": [366], "9.": [380], "Gaussian": [381, 384, 394, 401, 407, 410, 548, 656], "Channel.": [382, 665, 681, 684], "9.1": [383], "Channel:": [385], "9.2": [387], "Theorem": [392, 755], "9.3": [396], "Bandlimited": [397], "9.4": [399], "Parallel": [400], "9.5": [403], "Channels": [404, 411], "with": [405, 412, 688, 694], "Colored": [406], "Noise.": [408], "9.6": [409], "Feedback.": [413], "10.": [418], "Distortion": [420, 431, 438, 445, 459, 469, 693], "Theory.": [421, 496, 654, 710, 766, 772], "10.1": [422], "Quantization.": [423], "10.2": [424], "10.3": [426], "Calculation": [427], "Function.": [432, 446, 460, 470], "10.4": [433], "10.5": [440], "Achievability": [441], "10.6": [447], "Strongly": [448], "Sequences": [450], "Distortion.": [453], "10.7": [454], "Characterization": [455, 719], "10.8": [461], "Computation": [462], "Capacity": [465], "11.": [475], "Information": [476, 517, 653, 706, 733, 765, 771], "Theory": [477, 707], "11.1": [480], "Method": [481], "Types.": [483, 786], "11.2": [484], "Large": [487, 494], "Numbers.": [488], "11.3": [489], "Universal": [490, 560, 564, 570, 621, 627, 636, 751], "Source": [491, 561, 686], "11.4": [493], "Deviation": [495], "11.5": [497], "Sanov's": [500], "11.6": [502], "Limit": [504], "11.7": [506], "Hypothesis": [507], "Testing.": [508], "11.8": [509], "Chernoff-Stein": [510], "Lemma.": [511], "11.9": [512], "Chernoff": [513], "11.10": [515], "Fisher": [516, 800], "Cram-er-Rao": [520], "12.": [526], "Maximum": [527, 530, 537, 552], "12.1": [529], "Distributions.": [532], "12.2": [533], "Examples.": [534, 603], "12.3": [535], "Anomalous": [536], "Problem.": [539], "12.4": [540], "Spectrum": [541], "Estimation.": [542], "12.5": [543], "12.6": [550], "Burg's": [551], "13.": [559], "13.1": [563], "Codes": [565], "13.2": [569], "Binary": [573], "13.3": [575], "Arithmetic": [576], "13.4": [578], "Lempel-Ziv": [579, 584], "13.5": [581], "Algorithms.": [585], "14.": [591], "Kolmogorov": [592, 599, 605, 610, 624, 633, 639], "Complexity.": [593], "14.1": [594], "Models": [595], "Computation.": [597], "14.2": [598], "Complexity:": [600], "Definitions": [601], "14.3": [604], "Complexity": [606, 611, 634], "14.4": [609], "Integers.": [613], "14.5": [614], "Algorithmically": [615], "Incompressible": [618], "14.6": [620], "Probability.": [622, 637], "14.7": [623], "complexity.": [625], "14.9": [626], "14.10": [629], "Occam's": [630], "Razor.": [631], "14.11": [632], "14.12": [638], "Statistic.": [641], "14.13": [642], "Minimum": [643], "Description": [644], "Length": [645], "Principle.": [646], "15.": [651], "Network": [652], "15.1": [655], "Multiple-User": [657], "15.2": [659], "15.3": [663], "Multiple-Access": [664, 677], "15.4": [666], "Encoding": [667, 675], "Correlated": [669], "Sources.": [670], "15.5": [671], "Duality": [672], "Slepian-Wolf": [674], "15.6": [679], "Broadcast": [680], "15.7": [682], "Relay": [683], "15.8": [685], "15.9": [691], "15.10": [697], "General": [698], "Multiterminal": [699], "Networks.": [700], "16.": [705], "Portfolio": [709], "16.1": [711], "Stock": [713], "Market:": [714], "16.2": [717], "Kuhn-Tucker": [718], "Log-Optimal": [722, 729, 748], "Portfolio.": [723, 730, 749], "16.3": [724], "16.4": [731], "Growth": [736], "16.5": [738], "Investment": [739], "Stationary": [741], "Markets.": [742], "16.6": [743], "16.7": [750], "Portfolios.": [752], "16.8": [753], "Shannon-McMillan-Breiman": [754], "(General": [756], "AEP).": [757], "17.": [762], "Inequalities": [763, 769, 784, 810, 814], "17.1": [767], "Basic": [768], "17.2": [773], "17.3": [776], "17.4": [783], "17.5": [787], "Combinatorial": [788], "17.6": [792], "Subsets.": [796], "17.7": [797], "17.8": [802], "Power": [804], "Brunn-Minkowski": [807], "17.9": [809], "Determinants.": [812, 818], "17.10": [813], "Ratios": [816], "Bibliography.": [823], "List": [824], "Symbols.": [826], "Index.": [827]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 43}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 470}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 412}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 424}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 576}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1353}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1548}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1509}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1431}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1323}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1578}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1742}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1974}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1984}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1999}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2891378911", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.7326/m18-0850", "title": "PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation", "display_name": "PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation", "publication_year": 2018, "publication_date": "2018-09-03", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2891378911", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.7326/m18-0850", "mag": "2891378911", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30178033"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.7326/m18-0850", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.7326/m18-0850", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S119722071", "display_name": "Annals of Internal Medicine", "issn_l": "0003-4819", "issn": ["0003-4819", "1539-3704"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316812", "host_organization_name": "American College of Physicians", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American College of Physicians"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Annals of Internal Medicine", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/136633/1/PRISMA_ScR_Manuscript_July6th_clean_1_.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5074901391", "display_name": "Andrea C. Tricco", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4114-8971"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I185261750", "display_name": "University of Toronto", "ror": "https://ror.org/03dbr7087", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1297363086", "display_name": "St. Michael's Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/04skqfp25", "country_code": "CA", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1297363086", "https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Andrea C. Tricco", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.C.T., S.E.S.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.C.T., S.E.S.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1297363086", "https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031902837", "display_name": "Erin Lillie", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-6535"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1297363086", "display_name": "St. Michael's Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/04skqfp25", "country_code": "CA", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1297363086", "https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Erin Lillie", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.L., W.Z.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.L., W.Z.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1297363086"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032497384", "display_name": "Wasifa Zarin", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1297363086", "display_name": "St. Michael's Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/04skqfp25", "country_code": "CA", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1297363086", "https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wasifa Zarin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.L., W.Z.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.L., W.Z.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1297363086"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024431380", "display_name": "Kelly K. O\u2019Brien", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1632-6537"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I185261750", "display_name": "University of Toronto", "ror": "https://ror.org/03dbr7087", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kelly K. O'Brien", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (K.K.O., H.C.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (K.K.O., H.C.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065487003", "display_name": "Heather Colquhoun", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6226-2511"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I185261750", "display_name": "University of Toronto", "ror": "https://ror.org/03dbr7087", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Heather Colquhoun", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (K.K.O., H.C.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (K.K.O., H.C.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5069537707", "display_name": "Danielle Levac", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7356-9335"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I12912129", "display_name": "Northeastern University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04t5xt781", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Danielle Levac", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.L.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.L.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068353058", "display_name": "David Moher", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-4206"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c62dg59", "country_code": "CA", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4388482656", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05jtef216", "country_code": null, "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931", "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David Moher", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.M., C.G.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.M., C.G.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055760362", "display_name": "Micah D.J. Peters", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1108-3783"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170239107", "display_name": "University of South Australia", "ror": "https://ror.org/01p93h210", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I5681781", "display_name": "University of Adelaide", "ror": "https://ror.org/00892tw58", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Micah D.J. Peters", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of South Australia and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (M.D.P.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of South Australia and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (M.D.P.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170239107", "https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5085699502", "display_name": "Tanya Horsley", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1256-9582"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I92389990", "display_name": "Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada", "ror": "https://ror.org/05rykfp30", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I92389990"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tanya Horsley", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (T.H.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (T.H.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I92389990"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111619792", "display_name": "Laura Weeks", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1281319737", "display_name": "Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/02fw4cc98", "country_code": "CA", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1281319737"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Laura Weeks", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.W., T.C.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.W., T.C.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1281319737"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5085697520", "display_name": "Susanne Hempel", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1597-5110"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1309849503", "display_name": "RAND Corporation", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f2z7n96", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Susanne Hempel", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California (S.H.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California (S.H.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041615321", "display_name": "Elie A. Akl", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3444-8618"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98635879", "display_name": "American University of Beirut", "ror": "https://ror.org/04pznsd21", "country_code": "LB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}], "countries": ["LB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Elie A. Akl", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (E.A.A.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (E.A.A.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080252384", "display_name": "Christine Chang", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I82994568", "display_name": "Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality", "ror": "https://ror.org/03jmfdf59", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299022934", "https://openalex.org/I82994568"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Christine Chang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland (C.C.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland (C.C.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I82994568"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5081964815", "display_name": "Jessie McGowan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2201-7546"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I153718931", "display_name": "University of Ottawa", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c4mmv16", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jessie McGowan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (J.M.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (J.M.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5082927689", "display_name": "Lesley Stewart", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0287-4724"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I52099693", "display_name": "University of York", "ror": "https://ror.org/04m01e293", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lesley Stewart", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of York, York, United Kingdom (L.S.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of York, York, United Kingdom (L.S.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5010229710", "display_name": "Lisa Hartling", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8341-3991"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I154425047", "display_name": "University of Alberta", "ror": "https://ror.org/0160cpw27", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lisa Hartling", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (L.H.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (L.H.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011923288", "display_name": "Adrian Aldcroft", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0106-720X"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Adrian Aldcroft", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["BMJ Open, London, United Kingdom (A.A.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "BMJ Open, London, United Kingdom (A.A.)", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079953196", "display_name": "Michael G. Wilson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-2471"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98251732", "display_name": "McMaster University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02fa3aq29", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Michael G. Wilson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.G.W.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.G.W.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5001327852", "display_name": "Chantelle Garritty", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2207-9958"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c62dg59", "country_code": "CA", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4388482656", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05jtef216", "country_code": null, "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I153718931", "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chantelle Garritty", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.M., C.G.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.M., C.G.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I4388482656"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065626862", "display_name": "Simon Lewin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-9515"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1333353642", "display_name": "Norwegian Institute of Public Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/046nvst19", "country_code": "NO", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1333353642", "https://openalex.org/I4210149801", "https://openalex.org/I4210163359"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I10947320", "display_name": "South African Medical Research Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/05q60vz69", "country_code": "ZA", "type": "other", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]}], "countries": ["NO", "ZA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Simon Lewin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, and South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, and South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I10947320", "https://openalex.org/I1333353642"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068524232", "display_name": "Christina Godfrey", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9292-3237"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204722609", "display_name": "Queen's University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02y72wh86", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Christina M. Godfrey", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.G.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.M.G.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5087076550", "display_name": "Marilyn Macdonald", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-6278"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210105654", "display_name": "World Health Organization", "ror": "https://ror.org/01f80g185", "country_code": "CH", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I72054575", "display_name": "Cochrane", "ror": "https://ror.org/00dbkrq51", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I72054575"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I129902397", "display_name": "Dalhousie University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01e6qks80", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210112411", "display_name": "Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/021jq8741", "country_code": "CH", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654", "https://openalex.org/I4210112411"]}], "countries": ["CA", "CH", "GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Marilyn T. Macdonald", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (M.T.M.)", "School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada y Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland z Cochrane Editorial Unit, Cochrane, St Albans House, 57-59 Haymarket, London, SW1Y 4QX, United Kingdom aa Social Care Workforce Research Unit, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom ab UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland ac Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland ad Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, 27 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (M.T.M.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5869 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada y Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland z Cochrane Editorial Unit, Cochrane, St Albans House, 57-59 Haymarket, London, SW1Y 4QX, United Kingdom aa Social Care Workforce Research Unit, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom ab UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland ac Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland ad Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, 27 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I72054575", "https://openalex.org/I4210112411", "https://openalex.org/I4210105654", "https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5083088424", "display_name": "\u00c9tienne V Langlois", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4853-2511"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210105654", "display_name": "World Health Organization", "ror": "https://ror.org/01f80g185", "country_code": "CH", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Etienne V. Langlois", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (E.V.L., \u00d6.T.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (E.V.L., \u00d6.T.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058378544", "display_name": "Karla Soares\u2010Weiser", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I72054575", "display_name": "Cochrane", "ror": "https://ror.org/00dbkrq51", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I72054575"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Karla Soares-Weiser", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Cochrane, London, United Kingdom (K.S.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Cochrane, London, United Kingdom (K.S.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I72054575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007855965", "display_name": "Jo Moriarty", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1574-1242"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I183935753", "display_name": "King's College London", "ror": "https://ror.org/0220mzb33", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I124357947", "https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jo Moriarty", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["King's College London, London, United Kingdom (J.M.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "King's College London, London, United Kingdom (J.M.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062080271", "display_name": "Tammy Clifford", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2356-2300"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1281319737", "display_name": "Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/02fw4cc98", "country_code": "CA", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1281319737"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tammy Clifford", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.W., T.C.)", "CADTH (Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health), 865 Carling Ave, Suite 600, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5S8, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.W., T.C.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1281319737"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "CADTH (Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health), 865 Carling Ave, Suite 600, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5S8, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1281319737"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5034889366", "display_name": "\u00d6zge Tun\u00e7alp", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5370-682X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210105654", "display_name": "World Health Organization", "ror": "https://ror.org/01f80g185", "country_code": "CH", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "\u00d6zge Tun\u00e7alp", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (E.V.L., \u00d6.T.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (E.V.L., \u00d6.T.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007761401", "display_name": "Sharon E. Straus", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6106-832X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I185261750", "display_name": "University of Toronto", "ror": "https://ror.org/03dbr7087", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1297363086", "display_name": "St. Michael's Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/04skqfp25", "country_code": "CA", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1297363086", "https://openalex.org/I4399598460"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sharon E. Straus", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.C.T., S.E.S.)"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.C.T., S.E.S.)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1297363086", "https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 8, "institutions_distinct_count": 28, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5074901391"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1297363086", "https://openalex.org/I185261750"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 3486.293, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 37866, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 90, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "169", "issue": "7", "first_page": "467", "last_page": "473"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12443", "display_name": "Delphi Technique in Research", "score": 0.9987000226974487, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12443", "display_name": "Delphi Technique in Research", "score": 0.9987000226974487, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10804", "display_name": "Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life", "score": 0.9937999844551086, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2002", "display_name": "Economics and Econometrics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.991599977016449, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/checklist", "display_name": "Checklist", "score": 0.8808916807174683}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review", "display_name": "Systematic review", "score": 0.7916669845581055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/terminology", "display_name": "Terminology", "score": 0.6444637775421143}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.5868179202079773}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/guideline", "display_name": "Guideline", "score": 0.527173638343811}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care", "display_name": "Health care", "score": 0.43670088052749634}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/quality", "display_name": "Quality (philosophy)", "score": 0.43310436606407166}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education", "display_name": "Medical education", "score": 0.41545921564102173}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medline", "display_name": "MEDLINE", "score": 0.38614749908447266}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science", "display_name": "Management science", "score": 0.3798329830169678}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management", "display_name": "Knowledge management", "score": 0.36066341400146484}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management", "display_name": "Process management", "score": 0.34307581186294556}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.24006125330924988}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.22816473245620728}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.12582725286483765}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779356329", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625", "display_name": "Checklist", "level": 2, "score": 0.8808916807174683}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C189708586", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425", "display_name": "Systematic review", "level": 3, "score": 0.7916669845581055}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C547195049", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664", "display_name": "Terminology", "level": 2, "score": 0.6444637775421143}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.5868179202079773}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780182762", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630279", "display_name": "Guideline", "level": 2, "score": 0.527173638343811}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C160735492", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207", "display_name": "Health care", "level": 2, "score": 0.43670088052749634}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779530757", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505", "display_name": "Quality (philosophy)", "level": 2, "score": 0.43310436606407166}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945", "display_name": "Medical education", "level": 1, "score": 0.41545921564102173}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899", "display_name": "MEDLINE", "level": 2, "score": 0.38614749908447266}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C539667460", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942", "display_name": "Management science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3798329830169678}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C56739046", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060", "display_name": "Knowledge management", "level": 1, "score": 0.36066341400146484}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C195094911", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904", "display_name": "Process management", "level": 1, "score": 0.34307581186294556}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.24006125330924988}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.22816473245620728}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.12582725286483765}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833", "display_name": "Economic growth", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162", "display_name": "Linguistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373", "display_name": "Cognitive psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000078202", "descriptor_name": "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000078202", "descriptor_name": "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000098584", "descriptor_name": "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000098584", "descriptor_name": "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000098584", "descriptor_name": "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000098584", "descriptor_name": "Scoping Reviews as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003697", "descriptor_name": "Delphi Technique", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003697", "descriptor_name": "Delphi Technique", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003697", "descriptor_name": "Delphi Technique", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003697", "descriptor_name": "Delphi Technique", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003697", "descriptor_name": "Delphi Technique", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003697", "descriptor_name": "Delphi Technique", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D057189", "descriptor_name": "Checklist", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D057189", "descriptor_name": "Checklist", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D057189", "descriptor_name": "Checklist", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D057189", "descriptor_name": "Checklist", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D057189", "descriptor_name": "Checklist", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D057189", "descriptor_name": "Checklist", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.7326/m18-0850", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.7326/m18-0850", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S119722071", "display_name": "Annals of Internal Medicine", "issn_l": "0003-4819", "issn": ["0003-4819", "1539-3704"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316812", "host_organization_name": "American College of Physicians", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American College of Physicians"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Annals of Internal Medicine", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:30178033", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30178033", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Annals of internal medicine", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:136633", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/136633/1/PRISMA_ScR_Manuscript_July6th_clean_1_.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400854", "display_name": "White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2800616092", "host_organization_name": "White Rose University Consortium", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "acceptedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "PeerReviewed"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/abe538cd-1ba4-45ff-b55d-60f4987eb1b9", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/abe538cd-1ba4-45ff-b55d-60f4987eb1b9", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400216", "display_name": "Research Portal (King's College London)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I183935753", "host_organization_name": "King's College London", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I183935753"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Tricco, A C, Lillie, E, Zarin, W, O'Brien, K K, Colquhoun, H, Levac, D, Moher, D, Peters, M D J, Horsley, T, Weeks, L, Hempel, S, Akl, E A, Chang, C, McGowan, J, Stewart, L, Hartling, L, Aldcroft, A, Wilson, M G, Garritty, C, Lewin, S, Godfrey, C M, MacDonald, M T, Langlois, E V, Soares-Weiser, K, Moriarty, J, Clifford, T, Tun\u00e7alp, \u00d6 & Straus, S E 2018, 'PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) : Checklist and explanation', Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 169, no. 7, pp. 467-473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:urm_publish:9916230091801831", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/11541.2/134225", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402528", "display_name": "UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I170239107", "host_organization_name": "University of South Australia", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170239107"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:136633", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/136633/1/PRISMA_ScR_Manuscript_July6th_clean_1_.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400854", "display_name": "White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2800616092", "host_organization_name": "White Rose University Consortium", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "acceptedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "PeerReviewed"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2891378911.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2891378911.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 38, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W179517975", "https://openalex.org/W1572319397", "https://openalex.org/W1911361640", "https://openalex.org/W1965875998", "https://openalex.org/W2002933873", "https://openalex.org/W2012107441", "https://openalex.org/W2013134958", "https://openalex.org/W2045153381", "https://openalex.org/W2072019641", "https://openalex.org/W2075950485", "https://openalex.org/W2084154288", "https://openalex.org/W2091538045", "https://openalex.org/W2093038967", "https://openalex.org/W2105321265", "https://openalex.org/W2107638293", "https://openalex.org/W2112145696", "https://openalex.org/W2114832664", "https://openalex.org/W2139989820", "https://openalex.org/W2144873669", "https://openalex.org/W2152062489", "https://openalex.org/W2156098321", "https://openalex.org/W2192816303", "https://openalex.org/W2253148421", "https://openalex.org/W2261406464", "https://openalex.org/W2299177375", "https://openalex.org/W2501240337", "https://openalex.org/W2559690575", "https://openalex.org/W2562241822", "https://openalex.org/W2574028069", "https://openalex.org/W2604925503", "https://openalex.org/W2734874570", "https://openalex.org/W2750634401", "https://openalex.org/W2752395180", "https://openalex.org/W2755185356", "https://openalex.org/W2768738777", "https://openalex.org/W2769378808", "https://openalex.org/W2790437056", "https://openalex.org/W2801546261"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2883919463", "https://openalex.org/W2901881702", "https://openalex.org/W2977892363", "https://openalex.org/W2101005771", "https://openalex.org/W2217615980", "https://openalex.org/W4226339494", "https://openalex.org/W3012352897", "https://openalex.org/W2328738528", "https://openalex.org/W3093012709", "https://openalex.org/W2015816512"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Scoping": [0, 55], "reviews,": [1], "a": [2, 8, 15, 65, 103, 138], "type": [3], "of": [4, 108, 116, 141], "knowledge": [5, 24], "synthesis,": [6], "follow": [7], "systematic": [9], "approach": [10], "to": [11, 120, 149], "map": [12], "evidence": [13], "on": [14], "topic": [16], "and": [17, 23, 35, 51, 58, 69, 82, 96, 105, 133, 146], "identify": [18], "main": [19], "concepts,": [20, 145], "theories,": [21], "sources,": [22], "gaps.": [25], "Although": [26], "more": [27], "scoping": [28, 152], "reviews": [29, 50], "are": [30], "being": [31], "done,": [32], "their": [33], "methodological": [34], "reporting": [36, 94, 110], "quality": [37], "need": [38], "improvement.": [39], "This": [40], "document": [41], "presents": [42], "the": [43, 77, 80, 117], "PRISMA-ScR": [44, 118], "(Preferred": [45], "Reporting": [46], "Items": [47], "for": [48, 54, 111, 151], "Systematic": [49], "Meta-Analyses": [52], "extension": [53], "Reviews)": [56], "checklist": [57, 61, 90], "explanation.": [59], "The": [60, 88, 100, 114], "was": [62], "developed": [63], "by": [64], "24-member": [66], "expert": [67], "panel": [68], "2": [70, 97], "research": [71], "leads": [72], "following": [73], "published": [74], "guidance": [75], "from": [76], "EQUATOR": [78], "(Enhancing": [79], "QUAlity": [81], "Transparency": [83], "Of": [84], "health": [85, 128], "Research)": [86], "Network.": [87], "final": [89], "contains": [91], "20": [92], "essential": [93], "items": [95, 148], "optional": [98], "items.": [99], "authors": [101], "provide": [102], "rationale": [104], "an": [106], "example": [107], "good": [109], "each": [112], "item.": [113], "intent": [115], "is": [119], "help": [121], "readers": [122], "(including": [123], "researchers,": [124], "publishers,": [125], "commissioners,": [126], "policymakers,": [127], "care": [129], "providers,": [130], "guideline": [131], "developers,": [132], "patients": [134], "or": [135], "consumers)": [136], "develop": [137], "greater": [139], "understanding": [140], "relevant": [142], "terminology,": [143], "core": [144], "key": [147], "report": [150], "reviews.": [153]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2510}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 9564}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 8592}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6262}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5083}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3472}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1814}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 539}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 21}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 3}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2005501262", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135", "title": "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement", "display_name": "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement", "publication_year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-08-18", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2005501262", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135", "mag": "2005501262", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19622511"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S119722071", "display_name": "Annals of Internal Medicine", "issn_l": "0003-4819", "issn": ["0003-4819", "1539-3704"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316812", "host_organization_name": "American College of Physicians", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American College of Physicians"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Annals of Internal Medicine", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068353058", "display_name": "David Moher", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-4206"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "display_name": "Ottawa Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c62dg59", "country_code": "CA", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I72054575", "display_name": "Cochrane", "ror": "https://ror.org/00dbkrq51", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I72054575"]}], "countries": ["CA", "GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "David Moher", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom", "Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I72054575"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Alessandro Liberati", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I72054575", "display_name": "Cochrane", "ror": "https://ror.org/00dbkrq51", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I72054575"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alessandro Liberati", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I72054575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Jennifer Tetzlaff", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I72054575", "display_name": "Cochrane", "ror": "https://ror.org/00dbkrq51", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I72054575"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jennifer Tetzlaff", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I72054575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Douglas G. Altman", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I72054575", "display_name": "Cochrane", "ror": "https://ror.org/00dbkrq51", "country_code": "GB", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I72054575"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Douglas G. Altman", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "From Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Cochrane Italiano, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I72054575"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "the PRISMA Group*", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "the PRISMA Group*", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5068353058"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2800722420", "https://openalex.org/I72054575"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 198.1696, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 37634, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99960865, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "151", "issue": "4", "first_page": "264", "last_page": "269"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.9998000264167786, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10804", "display_name": "Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life", "score": 0.996399998664856, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2002", "display_name": "Economics and Econometrics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11235", "display_name": "Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials", "score": 0.9951000213623047, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.6588538289070129}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science", "display_name": "Library science", "score": 0.48894038796424866}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review", "display_name": "Systematic review", "score": 0.4797981083393097}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/humanities", "display_name": "Humanities", "score": 0.3415220379829407}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medline", "display_name": "MEDLINE", "score": 0.2433043122291565}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art", "display_name": "Art", "score": 0.11918249726295471}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science", "display_name": "Political science", "score": 0.09972640872001648}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.6588538289070129}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655", "display_name": "Library science", "level": 1, "score": 0.48894038796424866}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C189708586", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425", "display_name": "Systematic review", "level": 3, "score": 0.4797981083393097}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15708023", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083", "display_name": "Humanities", "level": 1, "score": 0.3415220379829407}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899", "display_name": "MEDLINE", "level": 2, "score": 0.2433043122291565}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.11918249726295471}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.09972640872001648}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009626", "descriptor_name": "Terminology as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010506", "descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010506", "descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010506", "descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010506", "descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D010506", "descriptor_name": "Periodicals as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011643", "descriptor_name": "Publishing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011643", "descriptor_name": "Publishing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011643", "descriptor_name": "Publishing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011643", "descriptor_name": "Publishing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011643", "descriptor_name": "Publishing", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011786", "descriptor_name": "Quality Control", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012196", "descriptor_name": "Review Literature as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017594", "descriptor_name": "Publication Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017594", "descriptor_name": "Publication Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017594", "descriptor_name": "Publication Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017594", "descriptor_name": "Publication Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017594", "descriptor_name": "Publication Bias", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055317", "descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055317", "descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055317", "descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055317", "descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D055317", "descriptor_name": "Evidence-Based Practice", "qualifier_ui": "Q000592", "qualifier_name": "standards", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S119722071", "display_name": "Annals of Internal Medicine", "issn_l": "0003-4819", "issn": ["0003-4819", "1539-3704"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316812", "host_organization_name": "American College of Physicians", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American College of Physicians"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Annals of Internal Medicine", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:19622511", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19622511", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Annals of internal medicine", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/716241", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/11380/716241", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196326", "display_name": "Iris Unimore (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I122346577", "host_organization_name": "University of Modena and Reggio Emilia", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I122346577"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4", "display_name": "Quality Education", "score": 0.8399999737739563}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 42, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W160580327", "https://openalex.org/W1590137713", "https://openalex.org/W1690786713", "https://openalex.org/W1774591799", "https://openalex.org/W1853602163", "https://openalex.org/W1971186240", "https://openalex.org/W1980300818", "https://openalex.org/W1983540313", "https://openalex.org/W2000442546", "https://openalex.org/W2012932483", "https://openalex.org/W2015421910", "https://openalex.org/W2029163232", "https://openalex.org/W2043759984", "https://openalex.org/W2058084426", "https://openalex.org/W2065267852", "https://openalex.org/W2066896354", "https://openalex.org/W2067550511", "https://openalex.org/W2068694980", "https://openalex.org/W2068769841", "https://openalex.org/W2093211493", "https://openalex.org/W2093579014", "https://openalex.org/W2098631889", "https://openalex.org/W2100729569", "https://openalex.org/W2102487800", "https://openalex.org/W2112505828", "https://openalex.org/W2116810060", "https://openalex.org/W2129303461", "https://openalex.org/W2129829737", "https://openalex.org/W2132161915", "https://openalex.org/W2133774931", "https://openalex.org/W2135010675", "https://openalex.org/W2140521029", "https://openalex.org/W2144086043", "https://openalex.org/W2147581820", "https://openalex.org/W2158379591", "https://openalex.org/W2159096825", "https://openalex.org/W2163839878", "https://openalex.org/W2165010366", "https://openalex.org/W2811157820", "https://openalex.org/W2986772077", "https://openalex.org/W3022903699", "https://openalex.org/W4254160334"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4391375266", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W3031052312", "https://openalex.org/W4389568370", "https://openalex.org/W3032375762", "https://openalex.org/W1995515455", "https://openalex.org/W2080531066", "https://openalex.org/W3108674512", "https://openalex.org/W1506200166", "https://openalex.org/W1489783725"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Systematic": [0], "reviews": [1, 87], "and": [2, 22, 48, 95], "meta-analyses": [3], "have": [4], "become": [5], "increasinglyimportant": [6], "in": [7, 55], "health": [8, 50], "care.": [9], "Clinicians": [10], "readthem": [11], "to": [12, 15, 40, 91], "keep": [13], "up": [14], "date": [16], "with": [17, 59, 80], "their": [18], "field": [19], "(1,": [20], "2),": [21], "they": [23], "areoften": [24], "used": [25], "as": [26], "a": [27, 38, 65], "starting": [28], "point": [29], "for": [30, 45], "developing": [31], "clinical": [32], "practiceguidelines.": [33], "Granting": [34], "agencies": [35], "may": [36], "require": [37], "systematicreview": [39, 66], "ensure": [41], "there": [42], "is": [43], "justification": [44], "further": [46], "research(3),": [47], "some": [49], "care": [51], "journals": [52], "are": [53], "moving": [54], "this": [56], "direction(4).": [57], "As": [58, 79], "all": [60], "research,": [61], "the": [62, 93], "value": [63], "of": [64, 77, 85], "depends": [67], "on": [68], "what": [69, 72], "was": [70, 73], "done,": [71], "found,": [74], "andthe": [75], "clarity": [76], "reporting.": [78], "other": [81], "publications,": [82], "thereporting": [83], "quality": [84], "systematic": [86], "varies,": [88], "limitingreaders\u2019": [89], "ability": [90], "assess": [92], "strengths": [94], "weaknesses": [96], "ofthose": [97], "reviews.": [98]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 294}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2503}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3474}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3771}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3598}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4939}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 5220}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3448}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2369}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2282}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2076}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1426}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 907}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 584}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 330}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2037124948", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2290095", "title": "Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.).", "display_name": "Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.).", "publication_year": 1989, "publication_date": "1989-12-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2037124948", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2290095", "mag": "2037124948"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.2307/2290095", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2290095", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4394736638", "display_name": "Journal of the American Statistical Association", "issn_l": "0162-1459", "issn": ["0162-1459", "1537-274X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the American Statistical Association", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031050247", "display_name": "Peter A. Lachenbruch", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I52099693", "display_name": "University of York", "ror": "https://ror.org/04m01e293", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Peter A. Lachenbruch", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["New York U, Department of Psychology, New York, NY, US"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "New York U, Department of Psychology, New York, NY, US", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102808166", "display_name": "Jacob Cohen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2862-6550"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jacob Cohen", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5031050247"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I52099693"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 80.9199, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 37559, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99980204, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "84", "issue": "408", "first_page": "1096", "last_page": "1096"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12175", "display_name": "Social Representations and Identity", "score": 0.4397999942302704, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12175", "display_name": "Social Representations and Identity", "score": 0.4397999942302704, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power", "display_name": "Statistical power", "score": 0.5231332182884216}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/power-analysis", "display_name": "Power analysis", "score": 0.5225058197975159}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-analysis", "display_name": "Statistical analysis", "score": 0.48284631967544556}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.4122301936149597}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.37885692715644836}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/power", "display_name": "Power (physics)", "score": 0.37756532430648804}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics", "display_name": "Econometrics", "score": 0.3630133271217346}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science", "display_name": "Data science", "score": 0.3490262031555176}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.3397933840751648}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.271494597196579}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.0639442503452301}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C96608239", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823", "display_name": "Statistical power", "level": 2, "score": 0.5231332182884216}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71743495", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845210", "display_name": "Power analysis", "level": 3, "score": 0.5225058197975159}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2986587452", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438", "display_name": "Statistical analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.48284631967544556}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.4122301936149597}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.37885692715644836}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C163258240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342", "display_name": "Power (physics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.37756532430648804}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039", "display_name": "Econometrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3630133271217346}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463", "display_name": "Data science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3490262031555176}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.3397933840751648}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.271494597196579}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0639442503452301}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944", "display_name": "Quantum mechanics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.2307/2290095", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2290095", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4394736638", "display_name": "Journal of the American Statistical Association", "issn_l": "0162-1459", "issn": ["0162-1459", "1537-274X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the American Statistical Association", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2147234629", "https://openalex.org/W2915863966", "https://openalex.org/W2158309751", "https://openalex.org/W220692222", "https://openalex.org/W2067010319", "https://openalex.org/W2469515394", "https://openalex.org/W4253384137", "https://openalex.org/W2086139622", "https://openalex.org/W1580461001", "https://openalex.org/W2086347004"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 21}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1318}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1498}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1769}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1580}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1933}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1866}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1793}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1589}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1739}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2058}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2267}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2252}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2040}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1695}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1990513740", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203710753-35", "title": "Diffusion of Innovations 1", "display_name": "Diffusion of Innovations 1", "publication_year": 2019, "publication_date": "2019-03-14", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1990513740", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203710753-35", "mag": "1990513740"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.4324/9780203710753-35", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203710753-35", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research", "raw_type": "book-chapter"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1496176", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038727864", "display_name": "Everett M. Rogers", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Everett M. Rogers", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Arvind Singhal", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Arvind Singhal", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Margaret M. Quinlan", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Margaret M. Quinlan", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5038727864"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 2652.1057, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 37198, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 95, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": "415", "last_page": "434"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13498", "display_name": "Economic Development and Digital Transformation", "score": 0.3919000029563904, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2000", "display_name": "General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13498", "display_name": "Economic Development and Digital Transformation", "score": 0.3919000029563904, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2000", "display_name": "General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20", "display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/glossary", "display_name": "Glossary", "score": 0.7233963012695312}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-diffusion", "display_name": "Innovation diffusion", "score": 0.6975291967391968}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion", "display_name": "Diffusion", "score": 0.6513327956199646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/index", "display_name": "Index (typography)", "score": 0.645104169845581}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion-of-innovations", "display_name": "Diffusion of innovations", "score": 0.6446710824966431}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/subject", "display_name": "Subject (documents)", "score": 0.5974243879318237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/early-adopter", "display_name": "Early adopter", "score": 0.4570593237876892}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management", "display_name": "Knowledge management", "score": 0.3415484130382538}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.27377742528915405}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.25296550989151}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science", "display_name": "Social science", "score": 0.24747398495674133}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/business", "display_name": "Business", "score": 0.23427677154541016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science", "display_name": "Library science", "score": 0.14450213313102722}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing", "display_name": "Marketing", "score": 0.13873708248138428}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.10988035798072815}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics", "display_name": "Linguistics", "score": 0.07954984903335571}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "score": 0.07871067523956299}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "score": 0.061395496129989624}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.061297327280044556}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780031656", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859161", "display_name": "Glossary", "level": 2, "score": 0.7233963012695312}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C3017618536", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304994", "display_name": "Innovation diffusion", "level": 2, "score": 0.6975291967391968}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C69357855", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214", "display_name": "Diffusion", "level": 2, "score": 0.6513327956199646}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777382242", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816", "display_name": "Index (typography)", "level": 2, "score": 0.645104169845581}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780917687", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304994", "display_name": "Diffusion of innovations", "level": 2, "score": 0.6446710824966431}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777855551", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021", "display_name": "Subject (documents)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5974243879318237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C125502", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153279", "display_name": "Early adopter", "level": 2, "score": 0.4570593237876892}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C56739046", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060", "display_name": "Knowledge management", "level": 1, "score": 0.3415484130382538}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.27377742528915405}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.25296550989151}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36289849", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749", "display_name": "Social science", "level": 1, "score": 0.24747398495674133}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453", "display_name": "Business", "level": 0, "score": 0.23427677154541016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655", "display_name": "Library science", "level": 1, "score": 0.14450213313102722}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809", "display_name": "Marketing", "level": 1, "score": 0.13873708248138428}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.10988035798072815}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162", "display_name": "Linguistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.07954984903335571}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C97355855", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "level": 1, "score": 0.07871067523956299}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "level": 1, "score": 0.061395496129989624}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.061297327280044556}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 8, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.4324/9780203710753-35", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203710753-35", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research", "raw_type": "book-chapter"}, {"id": "mag:3121227600", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1496176", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589", "display_name": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "issn_l": "1556-5068", "issn": ["1556-5068"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1318003438", "host_organization_name": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007459805", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=007459805&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010306459", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=010306459&amp;sequence=000001&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-011012308", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:katalog.pustaka.unand.ac.id:slims-34845", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://katalog.pustaka.unand.ac.id//index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=34845", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196922", "display_name": "Andalas University Repository (Andalas University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I55892964", "host_organization_name": "Andalas University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I55892964"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": ""}, {"id": "mag:1990513740", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://blogs.unpad.ac.id/teddykw/files/2012/07/Everett-M.-Rogers-Diffusion-of-Innovations.pdf", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}, {"id": "mag:2741534650", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-09923-7_9", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "mag:3121227600", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1496176", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589", "display_name": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "issn_l": "1556-5068", "issn": ["1556-5068"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1318003438", "host_organization_name": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "raw_type": null}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9", "display_name": "Industry, innovation and infrastructure", "score": 0.5799999833106995}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 5, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1970198987", "https://openalex.org/W1972922514", "https://openalex.org/W2004325245", "https://openalex.org/W2084200558", "https://openalex.org/W2318267034"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3015634246", "https://openalex.org/W2265720734", "https://openalex.org/W2168569455", "https://openalex.org/W2109469951", "https://openalex.org/W2108795964", "https://openalex.org/W2100408980", "https://openalex.org/W2100379340", "https://openalex.org/W2099697766", "https://openalex.org/W2081753990", "https://openalex.org/W2036389121", "https://openalex.org/W2033943395", "https://openalex.org/W1993663609", "https://openalex.org/W1987258130", "https://openalex.org/W1987198869", "https://openalex.org/W1983629797", "https://openalex.org/W1791587663", "https://openalex.org/W1548408014", "https://openalex.org/W1527311855", "https://openalex.org/W1517229207", "https://openalex.org/W1491644571"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0], "chapter": [1], "presents": [2], "a": [3, 22], "theoretical": [4], "and": [5, 13, 38, 51, 58, 69, 75], "methodological": [6], "approach": [7, 62], "to": [8, 67], "the": [9, 17, 28, 49, 53], "study": [10], "of": [11, 19, 30, 35, 48, 55], "communication": [12, 23, 42, 56, 71], "its": [14], "effects": [15], "through": [16, 27, 73], "diffusion": [18, 31, 34], "innovation": [20], "from": [21], "approach.": [24], "It": [25], "demonstrates": [26], "history": [29], "research": [32], "how": [33, 39], "innovations": [36], "occurs": [37], "it": [40], "impacts": [41], "outcomes.": [43], "Based": [44], "on": [45], "rural": [46], "sociology": [47], "1930s": [50], "1940s,": [52], "impact": [54], "platforms": [57], "an": [59], "\u201cinside": [60], "out\u201d": [61], "are": [63], "introduced": [64], "as": [65], "ways": [66], "test": [68], "evaluate": [70], "change": [72], "message": [74], "source": [76], "strategies.": [77]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 8}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 44}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1277}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1513}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1576}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1659}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1713}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1970}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2745}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2793}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2542}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2467}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2797247465", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.29-3352", "title": "Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions", "display_name": "Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions", "publication_year": 1992, "publication_date": "1992-02-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2797247465", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.29-3352", "mag": "2797247465"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5860/choice.29-3352", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.29-3352", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764375719", "display_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "issn_l": "0009-4978", "issn": ["0009-4978", "1523-8253", "1943-5975"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "host_organization_name": "Association of College and Research Libraries", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "https://openalex.org/P4310315903"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association of College and Research Libraries", "American Library Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 106.809, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 37152, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99957824, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "29", "issue": "06", "first_page": "29", "last_page": "3352"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11871", "display_name": "Advanced Statistical Methods and Models", "score": 0.9948999881744385, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11871", "display_name": "Advanced Statistical Methods and Models", "score": 0.9948999881744385, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13141", "display_name": "Statistical Methods and Applications", "score": 0.9898999929428101, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13748", "display_name": "Advanced Statistical Modeling Techniques", "score": 0.9739000201225281, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-testing", "display_name": "Regression testing", "score": 0.5913937091827393}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regression", "display_name": "Regression", "score": 0.5251640677452087}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis", "display_name": "Regression analysis", "score": 0.4822410047054291}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-diagnostic", "display_name": "Regression diagnostic", "score": 0.41583260893821716}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.40456879138946533}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.3919253945350647}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.22517606616020203}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial-regression", "display_name": "Polynomial regression", "score": 0.1119108498096466}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language", "display_name": "Programming language", "score": 0.07633224129676819}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C161821725", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917415", "display_name": "Regression testing", "level": 5, "score": 0.5913937091827393}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C83546350", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051", "display_name": "Regression", "level": 2, "score": 0.5251640677452087}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C152877465", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042", "display_name": "Regression analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.4822410047054291}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C57381214", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55631393", "display_name": "Regression diagnostic", "level": 4, "score": 0.41583260893821716}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.40456879138946533}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3919253945350647}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.22517606616020203}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C120068334", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45343", "display_name": "Polynomial regression", "level": 3, "score": 0.1119108498096466}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.07633224129676819}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149091818", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814", "display_name": "Software system", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C186846655", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377", "display_name": "Software construction", "level": 4, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.5860/choice.29-3352", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.29-3352", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764375719", "display_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "issn_l": "0009-4978", "issn": ["0009-4978", "1523-8253", "1943-5975"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "host_organization_name": "Association of College and Research Libraries", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "https://openalex.org/P4310315903"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association of College and Research Libraries", "American Library Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 3, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1977643639", "https://openalex.org/W2017333666", "https://openalex.org/W2019512525"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2105221522", "https://openalex.org/W2184922845", "https://openalex.org/W2124293944", "https://openalex.org/W2948566604", "https://openalex.org/W1621861229", "https://openalex.org/W2375721435", "https://openalex.org/W2080727847", "https://openalex.org/W2374407646", "https://openalex.org/W2082008989", "https://openalex.org/W4251287307"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Introduction": [0], "Interactions": [1, 22, 39], "between": [2, 40], "Continuous": [3, 43], "Predictors": [4], "in": [5, 56], "Multiple": [6], "Regression": [7, 16, 24], "The": [8], "Effects": [9], "of": [10, 15], "Predictor": [11], "Scaling": [12], "on": [13], "Coefficients": [14], "Equations": [17, 25], "Testing": [18, 34], "and": [19, 32, 42, 46, 54], "Probing": [20], "Three-Way": [21], "Structuring": [23], "to": [26], "Reflect": [27], "Higher": [28, 36], "Order": [29, 37], "Relationships": [30], "Model": [31], "Effect": [33], "with": [35], "Terms": [38], "Categorical": [41], "Variables": [44], "Reliability": [45], "Statistical": [47], "Power": [48], "Conclusion": [49], "Some": [50], "Contrasts": [51], "Between": [52], "ANOVA": [53], "MR": [55], "Practice": [57]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 753}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 953}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 924}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1185}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1392}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1489}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1668}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1796}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1910}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2135}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2286}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2343}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2455}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2162}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2158217645", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2008.211", "title": "Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources", "display_name": "Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources", "publication_year": 2008, "publication_date": "2008-12-18", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2158217645", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2008.211", "mag": "2158217645", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19131956"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/nprot.2008.211", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2008.211", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S109387254", "display_name": "Nature Protocols", "issn_l": "1750-2799", "issn": ["1750-2799", "1754-2189"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Protocols", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023278037", "display_name": "Da Wei Huang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6793-9966"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210140884", "display_name": "National Cancer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/040gcmg81", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299022934", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I880747138", "display_name": "Science Applications International Corporation (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00zv91802", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Da Wei Huang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, Clinical Services Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA", "Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, Clinical Services Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, 21702, Maryland, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, Clinical Services Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, Clinical Services Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, 21702, Maryland, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I880747138", "https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070432400", "display_name": "Brad T. Sherman", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5815-7359"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I880747138", "display_name": "Science Applications International Corporation (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00zv91802", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210140884", "display_name": "National Cancer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/040gcmg81", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299022934", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Brad T Sherman", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, Clinical Services Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, 21702, Maryland, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, Clinical Services Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, 21702, Maryland, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I880747138", "https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5085875110", "display_name": "Richard A. Lempicki", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7059-409X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I880747138", "display_name": "Science Applications International Corporation (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00zv91802", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210140884", "display_name": "National Cancer Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/040gcmg81", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299022934", "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Richard A Lempicki", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, Clinical Services Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, 21702, Maryland, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, Clinical Services Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, 21702, Maryland, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I880747138", "https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5023278037"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210140884", "https://openalex.org/I880747138"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 242.4201, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 37144, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "4", "issue": "1", "first_page": "44", "last_page": "57"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10887", "display_name": "Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10887", "display_name": "Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10885", "display_name": "Gene expression and cancer classification", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12254", "display_name": "Machine Learning in Bioinformatics", "score": 0.9979000091552734, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation", "display_name": "Annotation", "score": 0.6726853847503662}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier", "display_name": "Identifier", "score": 0.6368038654327393}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.5728387832641602}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-annotation", "display_name": "Gene Annotation", "score": 0.5717206001281738}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5396834015846252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis", "display_name": "Cluster analysis", "score": 0.5352562069892883}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genome", "display_name": "Genome", "score": 0.49247655272483826}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.4674704074859619}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/upload", "display_name": "Upload", "score": 0.46373453736305237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/table", "display_name": "Table (database)", "score": 0.4585549235343933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol", "display_name": "Protocol (science)", "score": 0.4479213058948517}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-prediction", "display_name": "Gene prediction", "score": 0.4411672055721283}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-data", "display_name": "Biological data", "score": 0.4354853332042694}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "score": 0.43543821573257446}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.36021119356155396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining", "display_name": "Data mining", "score": 0.3539499044418335}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.23010271787643433}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "score": 0.17453444004058838}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.13157907128334045}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.08049798011779785}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776321320", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525", "display_name": "Annotation", "level": 2, "score": 0.6726853847503662}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154504017", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614", "display_name": "Identifier", "level": 2, "score": 0.6368038654327393}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5728387832641602}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908923196", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205742", "display_name": "Gene Annotation", "level": 4, "score": 0.5717206001281738}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5396834015846252}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C73555534", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825", "display_name": "Cluster analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.5352562069892883}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C141231307", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020", "display_name": "Genome", "level": 3, "score": 0.49247655272483826}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.4674704074859619}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71901391", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699", "display_name": "Upload", "level": 2, "score": 0.46373453736305237}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C45235069", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425", "display_name": "Table (database)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4585549235343933}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780385302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158", "display_name": "Protocol (science)", "level": 3, "score": 0.4479213058948517}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105565629", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1248292", "display_name": "Gene prediction", "level": 4, "score": 0.4411672055721283}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C201797286", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4914986", "display_name": "Biological data", "level": 2, "score": 0.4354853332042694}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C60644358", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570", "display_name": "Bioinformatics", "level": 1, "score": 0.43543821573257446}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.36021119356155396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.3539499044418335}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.23010271787643433}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "level": 1, "score": 0.17453444004058838}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.13157907128334045}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.08049798011779785}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504", "display_name": "Alternative medicine", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208", "display_name": "Pathology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D003627", "descriptor_name": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003627", "descriptor_name": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003627", "descriptor_name": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005796", "descriptor_name": "Genes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005796", "descriptor_name": "Genes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005796", "descriptor_name": "Genes", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020407", "descriptor_name": "Internet", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D023281", "descriptor_name": "Genomics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D023281", "descriptor_name": "Genomics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D023281", "descriptor_name": "Genomics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/nprot.2008.211", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2008.211", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S109387254", "display_name": "Nature Protocols", "issn_l": "1750-2799", "issn": ["1750-2799", "1754-2189"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Protocols", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:19131956", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19131956", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature protocols", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306085", "display_name": "U.S. Department of Health and Human Services", "ror": "https://ror.org/033jnv181"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337355", "display_name": "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases", "ror": "https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 16, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1579822124", "https://openalex.org/W1979978607", "https://openalex.org/W1990144966", "https://openalex.org/W2006385863", "https://openalex.org/W2097795961", "https://openalex.org/W2102992354", "https://openalex.org/W2122683221", "https://openalex.org/W2124388496", "https://openalex.org/W2127938920", "https://openalex.org/W2130410032", "https://openalex.org/W2130962401", "https://openalex.org/W2134121810", "https://openalex.org/W2135230352", "https://openalex.org/W2146994504", "https://openalex.org/W2161271012", "https://openalex.org/W2168822739"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2132372375", "https://openalex.org/W2951946877", "https://openalex.org/W2171257316", "https://openalex.org/W2980998232", "https://openalex.org/W2101269698", "https://openalex.org/W2048286155", "https://openalex.org/W4388524370", "https://openalex.org/W2019126169", "https://openalex.org/W1988062473", "https://openalex.org/W2143485490"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 340}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1642}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2183}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2427}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3000}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3692}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3703}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3067}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2716}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2550}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2380}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2314}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2109}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1813}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1432}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2035618305", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1089/omi.2011.0118", "title": "clusterProfiler: an R Package for Comparing Biological Themes Among Gene Clusters", "display_name": "clusterProfiler: an R Package for Comparing Biological Themes Among Gene Clusters", "publication_year": 2012, "publication_date": "2012-03-28", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2035618305", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1089/omi.2011.0118", "mag": "2035618305", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22455463"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1089/omi.2011.0118", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/omi.2011.0118", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S116972989", "display_name": "OMICS A Journal of Integrative Biology", "issn_l": "1536-2310", "issn": ["1536-2310", "1557-8100"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320443", "host_organization_name": "Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320443"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027320896", "display_name": "Guangchuang Yu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6485-8781"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Guangchuang Yu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Jinan University", "Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Jinan University", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018109589", "display_name": "Li-Gen Wang", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210097086", "display_name": "Guangdong Science and Technology Department", "ror": "https://ror.org/00tjzgn92", "country_code": "CN", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210097086", "https://openalex.org/I4210158581"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Li-Gen Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Guangdong Information Center", "Guangdong Information Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Guangdong Information Center", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210097086"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Guangdong Information Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101869812", "display_name": "Yanyan Han", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5247-920X"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yanyan Han", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Jinan University", "Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Jinan University", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100646656", "display_name": "Qing\u2010Yu He", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0503-9492"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Qing-Yu He", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Jinan University", "Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Jinan University", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 4, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5100646656"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 8.8739, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 37079, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.98607302, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 98, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "16", "issue": "5", "first_page": "284", "last_page": "287"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10887", "display_name": "Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10887", "display_name": "Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10885", "display_name": "Gene expression and cancer classification", "score": 0.9995999932289124, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12254", "display_name": "Machine Learning in Bioinformatics", "score": 0.9908999800682068, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bioconductor", "display_name": "Bioconductor", "score": 0.9328314661979675}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/r-package", "display_name": "R package", "score": 0.7585163712501526}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow", "display_name": "Workflow", "score": 0.7308250665664673}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.622323751449585}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization", "display_name": "Visualization", "score": 0.5160757899284363}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code", "display_name": "Source code", "score": 0.4907187223434448}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/process", "display_name": "Process (computing)", "score": 0.4580790400505066}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bespoke", "display_name": "Bespoke", "score": 0.45226162672042847}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline", "display_name": "Pipeline (software)", "score": 0.41717061400413513}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science", "display_name": "Data science", "score": 0.3778015971183777}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "score": 0.33113622665405273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.33040136098861694}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/database", "display_name": "Database", "score": 0.2877715229988098}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining", "display_name": "Data mining", "score": 0.26299911737442017}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.2181127965450287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.20418515801429749}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language", "display_name": "Programming language", "score": 0.1518324315547943}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.09068939089775085}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779694297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2888953", "display_name": "Bioconductor", "level": 3, "score": 0.9328314661979675}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2984074130", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73539779", "display_name": "R package", "level": 2, "score": 0.7585163712501526}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177212765", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335", "display_name": "Workflow", "level": 2, "score": 0.7308250665664673}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.622323751449585}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36464697", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553", "display_name": "Visualization", "level": 2, "score": 0.5160757899284363}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43126263", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751", "display_name": "Source code", "level": 2, "score": 0.4907187223434448}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C98045186", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663", "display_name": "Process (computing)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4580790400505066}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C44210515", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16968978", "display_name": "Bespoke", "level": 2, "score": 0.45226162672042847}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43521106", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493", "display_name": "Pipeline (software)", "level": 2, "score": 0.41717061400413513}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463", "display_name": "Data science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3778015971183777}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "level": 1, "score": 0.33113622665405273}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.33040136098861694}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513", "display_name": "Database", "level": 1, "score": 0.2877715229988098}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.26299911737442017}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.2181127965450287}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.20418515801429749}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.1518324315547943}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.09068939089775085}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748", "display_name": "Law", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442", "display_name": "Political science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005810", "descriptor_name": "Multigene Family", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005810", "descriptor_name": "Multigene Family", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005810", "descriptor_name": "Multigene Family", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011381", "descriptor_name": "Programming Languages", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011381", "descriptor_name": "Programming Languages", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011381", "descriptor_name": "Programming Languages", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015003", "descriptor_name": "Yeasts", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015003", "descriptor_name": "Yeasts", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015003", "descriptor_name": "Yeasts", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020869", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression Profiling", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020869", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression Profiling", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020869", "descriptor_name": "Gene Expression Profiling", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D040901", "descriptor_name": "Proteomics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D040901", "descriptor_name": "Proteomics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D040901", "descriptor_name": "Proteomics", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059467", "descriptor_name": "Transcriptome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059467", "descriptor_name": "Transcriptome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D059467", "descriptor_name": "Transcriptome", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1089/omi.2011.0118", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/omi.2011.0118", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S116972989", "display_name": "OMICS A Journal of Integrative Biology", "issn_l": "1536-2310", "issn": ["1536-2310", "1557-8100"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320443", "host_organization_name": "Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320443"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:22455463", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22455463", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Omics : a journal of integrative biology", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2637891", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3339379", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15", "display_name": "Life in Land", "score": 0.5400000214576721}], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G1121271761", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Program", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1477544716", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Guangdong", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1573238740", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "20871057", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G2087396116", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "China", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G2376276132", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "China", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335787", "funder_display_name": "Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3317480652", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Science", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G391238517", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": ", and", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4020255992", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Project", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5760752404", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Projects", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5994120800", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Natural", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "funder_display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8951484681", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "Grant", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335787", "funder_display_name": "Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320321001", "display_name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320335787", "display_name": "Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities", "ror": null}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 21, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W45534775", "https://openalex.org/W1969761972", "https://openalex.org/W1972988297", "https://openalex.org/W2019801716", "https://openalex.org/W2039815872", "https://openalex.org/W2050040190", "https://openalex.org/W2088160256", "https://openalex.org/W2100570161", "https://openalex.org/W2100761975", "https://openalex.org/W2103017472", "https://openalex.org/W2105381419", "https://openalex.org/W2127938920", "https://openalex.org/W2135098204", "https://openalex.org/W2138255346", "https://openalex.org/W2159941448", "https://openalex.org/W2160697532", "https://openalex.org/W2164628006", "https://openalex.org/W2166574880", "https://openalex.org/W2169589032", "https://openalex.org/W2171437346", "https://openalex.org/W4229880569"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2982252354", "https://openalex.org/W2728564446", "https://openalex.org/W3045904767", "https://openalex.org/W2161868542", "https://openalex.org/W2140163842", "https://openalex.org/W3156537409", "https://openalex.org/W2747931568", "https://openalex.org/W2133055377", "https://openalex.org/W2921090651", "https://openalex.org/W2287365612"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Increasing": [0], "quantitative": [1], "data": [2], "generated": [3], "from": [4], "transcriptomics": [5], "and": [6, 27, 37, 54, 68, 84], "proteomics": [7], "require": [8], "integrative": [9], "strategies": [10], "for": [11], "analysis.": [12], "Here,": [13], "we": [14], "present": [15], "an": [16], "R": [17], "package,": [18], "clusterProfiler": [19, 47, 71], "that": [20], "automates": [21], "the": [22, 28], "process": [23], "of": [24, 31], "biological-term": [25], "classification": [26], "enrichment": [29], "analysis": [30, 35], "gene": [32], "clusters.": [33], "The": [34, 70, 81], "module": [36, 39], "visualization": [38], "were": [40], "combined": [41], "into": [42], "a": [43], "reusable": [44], "workflow.": [45], "Currently,": [46], "supports": [48], "three": [49], "species,": [50], "including": [51], "humans,": [52], "mice,": [53], "yeast.": [55], "Methods": [56], "provided": [57], "in": [58], "this": [59], "package": [60, 72], "can": [61], "be": [62], "easily": [63], "extended": [64], "to": [65], "other": [66], "species": [67], "ontologies.": [69], "is": [73], "released": [74], "under": [75], "Artistic-2.0": [76], "License": [77], "within": [78], "Bioconductor": [79], "project.": [80], "source": [82], "code": [83], "vignette": [85], "are": [86], "freely": [87], "available": [88], "at": [89], "http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/clusterProfiler.html.": [90]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1487}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 5956}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 6887}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6114}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6406}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5263}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2941}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1175}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 478}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 218}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 74}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 35}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 12}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 5}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2056760934", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1699114", "title": "Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines", "display_name": "Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines", "publication_year": 1953, "publication_date": "1953-06-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2056760934", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1699114", "mag": "2056760934"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1063/1.1699114", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1699114", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S77047749", "display_name": "The Journal of Chemical Physics", "issn_l": "0021-9606", "issn": ["0021-9606", "1089-7690", "1520-9032"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of Chemical Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007322687", "display_name": "N. Metropolis", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1343871089", "display_name": "Los Alamos National Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/01e41cf67", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1330989302", "https://openalex.org/I1343871089", "https://openalex.org/I198811213", "https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Nicholas Metropolis", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009563598", "display_name": "Arianna W. Rosenbluth", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1343871089", "display_name": "Los Alamos National Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/01e41cf67", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1330989302", "https://openalex.org/I1343871089", "https://openalex.org/I198811213", "https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Arianna W. Rosenbluth", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110000776", "display_name": "M. N. Rosenbluth", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1343871089", "display_name": "Los Alamos National Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/01e41cf67", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1330989302", "https://openalex.org/I1343871089", "https://openalex.org/I198811213", "https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Marshall N. Rosenbluth", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080021425", "display_name": "Augusta H. Teller", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1343871089", "display_name": "Los Alamos National Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/01e41cf67", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1330989302", "https://openalex.org/I1343871089", "https://openalex.org/I198811213", "https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Augusta H. Teller", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5034295195", "display_name": "Edward Teller", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I40347166", "display_name": "University of Chicago", "ror": "https://ror.org/024mw5h28", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Edward Teller", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 5, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5007322687"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"], "apc_list": {"value": 3500, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3500}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 4.852, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 36825, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.94635344, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "21", "issue": "6", "first_page": "1087", "last_page": "1092"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10402", "display_name": "Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics", "score": 0.9973999857902527, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10402", "display_name": "Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics", "score": 0.9973999857902527, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11520", "display_name": "Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics", "score": 0.9909999966621399, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3109", "display_name": "Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12202", "display_name": "nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions", "score": 0.9769999980926514, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1902", "display_name": "Atmospheric Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/virial-coefficient", "display_name": "Virial coefficient", "score": 0.7476792931556702}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method", "display_name": "Monte Carlo method", "score": 0.6514146327972412}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/equation-of-state", "display_name": "Equation of state", "score": 0.6049317121505737}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "score": 0.5999258160591125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/state", "display_name": "State (computer science)", "score": 0.47590765357017517}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/state-space", "display_name": "State space", "score": 0.4214457869529724}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.37841111421585083}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "score": 0.2672021985054016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.26585257053375244}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.15013623237609863}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm", "display_name": "Algorithm", "score": 0.09339651465415955}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C93218973", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7934790", "display_name": "Virial coefficient", "level": 2, "score": 0.7476792931556702}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C19499675", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207", "display_name": "Monte Carlo method", "level": 2, "score": 0.6514146327972412}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C53810900", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214967", "display_name": "Equation of state", "level": 2, "score": 0.6049317121505737}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121864883", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.5999258160591125}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C48103436", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031", "display_name": "State (computer science)", "level": 2, "score": 0.47590765357017517}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C72434380", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230930", "display_name": "State space", "level": 2, "score": 0.4214457869529724}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.37841111421585083}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C97355855", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473", "display_name": "Thermodynamics", "level": 1, "score": 0.2672021985054016}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.26585257053375244}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.15013623237609863}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.09339651465415955}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1063/1.1699114", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1699114", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S77047749", "display_name": "The Journal of Chemical Physics", "issn_l": "0021-9606", "issn": ["0021-9606", "1089-7690", "1520-9032"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The Journal of Chemical Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 1, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2052864234"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2484930612", "https://openalex.org/W1619792453", "https://openalex.org/W2355045487", "https://openalex.org/W3101857063", "https://openalex.org/W2082358671", "https://openalex.org/W2003692981", "https://openalex.org/W3100950279", "https://openalex.org/W2072326323", "https://openalex.org/W2050955673", "https://openalex.org/W1964663106"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"A": [0], "general": [1], "method,": [2], "suitable": [3], "for": [4, 8, 16, 38], "fast": [5], "computing": [6], "machines,": [7], "investigating": [9], "such": [10], "properties": [11], "as": [12], "equations": [13], "of": [14, 19, 28, 64], "state": [15, 65], "substances": [17], "consisting": [18], "interacting": [20], "individual": [21], "molecules": [22], "is": [23], "described.": [24], "The": [25], "method": [26], "consists": [27], "a": [29, 68], "modified": [30], "Monte": [31], "Carlo": [32], "integration": [33], "over": [34], "configuration": [35], "space.": [36], "Results": [37], "the": [39, 47, 60], "two-dimensional": [40], "rigid-sphere": [41], "system": [42], "have": [43], "been": [44], "obtained": [45], "on": [46], "Los": [48], "Alamos": [49], "MANIAC": [50], "and": [51, 66], "are": [52, 57], "presented": [53], "here.": [54], "These": [55], "results": [56], "compared": [58], "to": [59, 67], "free": [61], "volume": [62], "equation": [63], "four-term": [69], "virial": [70], "coefficient": [71], "expansion.": [72]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 268}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1198}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1281}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1319}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1349}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1437}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1427}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1344}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1261}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1296}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1290}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1342}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1337}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1354}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1419}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2036389121", "doi": null, "title": "Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research", "display_name": "Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research", "publication_year": 1975, "publication_date": "1975-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2036389121", "mag": "2036389121"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-001281598", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065215114", "display_name": "Martin Fishbein", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Martin Fishbein", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038084567", "display_name": "Icek Ajzen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8101-6300"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Icek Ajzen", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5065215114"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 4.9315, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 36692, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10315", "display_name": "Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics", "score": 0.08250000327825546, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1800", "display_name": "General Decision Sciences"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10315", "display_name": "Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics", "score": 0.08250000327825546, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1800", "display_name": "General Decision Sciences"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11542", "display_name": "Behavioral Health and Interventions", "score": 0.06960000097751617, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3202", "display_name": "Applied Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10314", "display_name": "Social and Intergroup Psychology", "score": 0.03750000149011612, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.5918676853179932}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology", "display_name": "Social psychology", "score": 0.47647902369499207}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology", "display_name": "Epistemology", "score": 0.3317826986312866}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy", "display_name": "Philosophy", "score": 0.1856485903263092}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.5918676853179932}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272", "display_name": "Social psychology", "level": 1, "score": 0.47647902369499207}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471", "display_name": "Epistemology", "level": 1, "score": 0.3317826986312866}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891", "display_name": "Philosophy", "level": 0, "score": 0.1856485903263092}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 5, "locations": [{"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-001281598", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/FISBAI", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://philarchive.org/rec/FISBAI", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402130", "display_name": "PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/FISBAI", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://philpapers.org/rec/FISBAI", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402131", "display_name": "PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "mag:2036389121", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://philpapers.org/archive/FISBAI.pdf", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}, {"id": "mag:3156959162", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://lib.ugent.be/en/catalog/rug01:000839739", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3015634246", "https://openalex.org/W2168569455", "https://openalex.org/W2152095411", "https://openalex.org/W2122912498", "https://openalex.org/W2111230857", "https://openalex.org/W2100408980", "https://openalex.org/W2100379340", "https://openalex.org/W2099697766", "https://openalex.org/W2033943395", "https://openalex.org/W2011744324", "https://openalex.org/W2008441192", "https://openalex.org/W1990513740", "https://openalex.org/W1987258130", "https://openalex.org/W1987198869", "https://openalex.org/W1980569376", "https://openalex.org/W1971440513", "https://openalex.org/W1807256883", "https://openalex.org/W1791587663", "https://openalex.org/W1517229207", "https://openalex.org/W1491644571"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 637}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1079}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1342}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1406}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1731}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1963}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1652}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1737}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1672}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1789}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2055}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2097}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1964}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1827}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2136022845", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4", "title": "The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory", "display_name": "The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory", "publication_year": 1971, "publication_date": "1971-03-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2136022845", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4", "mag": "2136022845", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5146491"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S165368631", "display_name": "Neuropsychologia", "issn_l": "0028-3932", "issn": ["0028-3932", "1873-3514"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Neuropsychologia", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056349538", "display_name": "R. C. Oldfield", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "R.C. Oldfield", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["M.R.C. Speech and Communication Unit, Edinburgh University, Scotland, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "M.R.C. Speech and Communication Unit, Edinburgh University, Scotland, UK", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5056349538"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": {"value": 3170, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 3170}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 6.3495, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 36493, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.97432099, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "9", "issue": "1", "first_page": "97", "last_page": "113"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12621", "display_name": "Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience", "score": 0.9983000159263611, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2805", "display_name": "Cognitive Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12621", "display_name": "Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience", "score": 0.9983000159263611, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2805", "display_name": "Cognitive Neuroscience"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/28", "display_name": "Neuroscience"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.7406697869300842}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/humanities", "display_name": "Humanities", "score": 0.4533117115497589}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/population", "display_name": "Population", "score": 0.43329542875289917}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/demography", "display_name": "Demography", "score": 0.13798657059669495}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/art", "display_name": "Art", "score": 0.07408773899078369}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.7406697869300842}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15708023", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083", "display_name": "Humanities", "level": 1, "score": 0.4533117115497589}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603", "display_name": "Population", "level": 2, "score": 0.43329542875289917}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149923435", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732", "display_name": "Demography", "level": 1, "score": 0.13798657059669495}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735", "display_name": "Art", "level": 0, "score": 0.07408773899078369}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000328", "descriptor_name": "Adult", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003431", "descriptor_name": "Cross-Cultural Comparison", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003431", "descriptor_name": "Cross-Cultural Comparison", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003431", "descriptor_name": "Cross-Cultural Comparison", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003469", "descriptor_name": "Culture", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003469", "descriptor_name": "Culture", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003469", "descriptor_name": "Culture", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005260", "descriptor_name": "Female", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007839", "descriptor_name": "Functional Laterality", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007839", "descriptor_name": "Functional Laterality", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D007839", "descriptor_name": "Functional Laterality", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008297", "descriptor_name": "Male", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009043", "descriptor_name": "Motor Activity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009043", "descriptor_name": "Motor Activity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009043", "descriptor_name": "Motor Activity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009048", "descriptor_name": "Motor Skills", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009048", "descriptor_name": "Motor Skills", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D009048", "descriptor_name": "Motor Skills", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011594", "descriptor_name": "Psychometrics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011594", "descriptor_name": "Psychometrics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011594", "descriptor_name": "Psychometrics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011795", "descriptor_name": "Surveys and Questionnaires", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011795", "descriptor_name": "Surveys and Questionnaires", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011795", "descriptor_name": "Surveys and Questionnaires", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012494", "descriptor_name": "Sampling Studies", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012494", "descriptor_name": "Sampling Studies", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012494", "descriptor_name": "Sampling Studies", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012737", "descriptor_name": "Sex Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012737", "descriptor_name": "Sex Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012737", "descriptor_name": "Sex Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012959", "descriptor_name": "Socioeconomic Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012959", "descriptor_name": "Socioeconomic Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012959", "descriptor_name": "Socioeconomic Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S165368631", "display_name": "Neuropsychologia", "issn_l": "0028-3932", "issn": ["0028-3932", "1873-3514"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Neuropsychologia", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:5146491", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5146491", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Neuropsychologia", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 6, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1591296408", "https://openalex.org/W2040237975", "https://openalex.org/W2059412035", "https://openalex.org/W2123171640", "https://openalex.org/W3126901896", "https://openalex.org/W6790522657"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2899084033", "https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W93312527", "https://openalex.org/W2603296253", "https://openalex.org/W1589203209", "https://openalex.org/W2557454913", "https://openalex.org/W828925460", "https://openalex.org/W11365241", "https://openalex.org/W1932013790", "https://openalex.org/W1013667899"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 291}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1327}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1419}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1338}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1615}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1821}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1809}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1719}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1691}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1702}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1568}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1746}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1681}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1741}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1634}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1903029394", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298965", "title": "Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation", "display_name": "Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation", "publication_year": 2015, "publication_date": "2015-06-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1903029394", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298965", "mag": "1903029394"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298965", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298965", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)", "raw_type": "proceedings-article"}, "type": "preprint", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032863417", "display_name": "Jonathan Long", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I134446601", "display_name": "Berkeley College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02xewxa75", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jonathan Long", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["UC Berkeley", "UC Berkeley, USA#TAB#"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "UC Berkeley", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I134446601", "https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "UC Berkeley, USA#TAB#", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023786468", "display_name": "Evan Shelhamer", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5228-3095"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I134446601", "display_name": "Berkeley College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02xewxa75", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Evan Shelhamer", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["UC Berkeley", "UC Berkeley, USA#TAB#"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "UC Berkeley", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I134446601", "https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "UC Berkeley, USA#TAB#", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029105520", "display_name": "Trevor Darrell", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5453-8533"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I134446601", "display_name": "Berkeley College", "ror": "https://ror.org/02xewxa75", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Trevor Darrell", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["UC Berkeley", "UC Berkeley, USA#TAB#"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "UC Berkeley", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I134446601", "https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "UC Berkeley, USA#TAB#", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5032863417"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I134446601", "https://openalex.org/I95457486"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1110.8581, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 36453, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99995073, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 89, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": "3431", "last_page": "3440"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9998999834060669, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11307", "display_name": "Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning", "score": 0.9993000030517578, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11714", "display_name": "Multimodal Machine Learning Applications", "score": 0.9987999796867371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.8000472784042358}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.6940102577209473}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation", "display_name": "Segmentation", "score": 0.6766749620437622}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network", "display_name": "Convolutional neural network", "score": 0.6067995429039001}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.5615816116333008}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/inference", "display_name": "Inference", "score": 0.5564666390419006}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel", "display_name": "Pixel", "score": 0.5178992748260498}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal", "display_name": "Pascal (unit)", "score": 0.49309512972831726}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.8000472784042358}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.6940102577209473}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C89600930", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946", "display_name": "Segmentation", "level": 2, "score": 0.6766749620437622}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C81363708", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460", "display_name": "Convolutional neural network", "level": 2, "score": 0.6067995429039001}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5615816116333008}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776214188", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386", "display_name": "Inference", "level": 2, "score": 0.5564666390419006}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C160633673", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198", "display_name": "Pixel", "level": 2, "score": 0.5178992748260498}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C75608658", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395", "display_name": "Pascal (unit)", "level": 2, "score": 0.49309512972831726}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 3, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298965", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298965", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)", "raw_type": "proceedings-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.683.3508", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.683.3508", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/%7Ejonlong/long_shelhamer_fcn.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.762.7334", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.762.7334", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.4038.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320309480", "display_name": "Nvidia", "ror": "https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332180", "display_name": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency", "ror": "https://ror.org/02caytj08"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 70, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W4919037", "https://openalex.org/W56385144", "https://openalex.org/W78159342", "https://openalex.org/W125693051", "https://openalex.org/W1507506748", "https://openalex.org/W1542723449", "https://openalex.org/W1546771929", "https://openalex.org/W1565402342", "https://openalex.org/W1663973292", "https://openalex.org/W1686810756", "https://openalex.org/W1842610785", "https://openalex.org/W1849277567", "https://openalex.org/W1923115158", "https://openalex.org/W1948751323", "https://openalex.org/W1984757472", "https://openalex.org/W2022508996", "https://openalex.org/W2037227137", "https://openalex.org/W2067912884", "https://openalex.org/W2090518410", "https://openalex.org/W2092985495", "https://openalex.org/W2097117768", "https://openalex.org/W2100921332", "https://openalex.org/W2102605133", "https://openalex.org/W2115755118", "https://openalex.org/W2125215748", "https://openalex.org/W2128237624", "https://openalex.org/W2136391815", "https://openalex.org/W2137278143", "https://openalex.org/W2144794286", "https://openalex.org/W2147800946", "https://openalex.org/W2154644822", "https://openalex.org/W2154815154", "https://openalex.org/W2155541015", "https://openalex.org/W2155893237", "https://openalex.org/W2158778629", "https://openalex.org/W2163605009", "https://openalex.org/W2166559794", "https://openalex.org/W2167510172", "https://openalex.org/W2171740948", "https://openalex.org/W2179352600", "https://openalex.org/W2186094539", "https://openalex.org/W2594639291", "https://openalex.org/W2914484425", "https://openalex.org/W2950179405", "https://openalex.org/W2951234442", "https://openalex.org/W2952422028", "https://openalex.org/W2962835968", "https://openalex.org/W2963542991", "https://openalex.org/W4238404964", "https://openalex.org/W4294375521", "https://openalex.org/W6600213771", "https://openalex.org/W6602324145", "https://openalex.org/W6605121731", "https://openalex.org/W6629368666", "https://openalex.org/W6630336748", "https://openalex.org/W6632360823", "https://openalex.org/W6632547051", "https://openalex.org/W6633727509", "https://openalex.org/W6637373629", "https://openalex.org/W6638650905", "https://openalex.org/W6640759395", "https://openalex.org/W6674914833", "https://openalex.org/W6675313117", "https://openalex.org/W6676338569", "https://openalex.org/W6679057852", "https://openalex.org/W6680171035", "https://openalex.org/W6680285999", "https://openalex.org/W6683974378", "https://openalex.org/W6684191040", "https://openalex.org/W6685261749"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1663079876", "https://openalex.org/W2069133146", "https://openalex.org/W2017545316", "https://openalex.org/W2100576949", "https://openalex.org/W2159686533", "https://openalex.org/W4242339654", "https://openalex.org/W2493838176", "https://openalex.org/W4297686120", "https://openalex.org/W4286681602", "https://openalex.org/W3209312100"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Convolutional": [0], "networks": [1, 15, 35, 79, 92], "are": [2], "powerful": [3], "visual": [4], "models": [5], "that": [6, 13, 36, 111], "yield": [7], "hierarchies": [8], "of": [9, 39, 57, 141, 164], "features.": [10], "We": [11, 51, 75, 105], "show": [12], "convolutional": [14, 59, 91, 136], "by": [16, 98], "themselves,": [17], "trained": [18], "end-to-end,": [19], "pixels-to-pixels,": [20], "exceed": [21], "the": [22, 55, 82, 102], "state-of-the-art": [23, 139], "in": [24], "semantic": [25, 113], "segmentation.": [26], "Our": [27, 134], "key": [28], "insight": [29], "is": [30], "to": [31, 64, 72, 101, 128, 147], "build": [32], "\u201cfully": [33], "convolutional\u201d": [34], "take": [37], "input": [38], "arbitrary": [40], "size": [41], "and": [42, 49, 53, 69, 86, 93, 131, 154], "produce": [43, 129], "correspondingly-sized": [44], "output": [45], "with": [46, 120], "efficient": [47], "inference": [48, 158], "learning.": [50], "define": [52, 107], "detail": [54], "space": [56], "fully": [58, 90, 135], "networks,": [60], "explain": [61], "their": [62, 95], "application": [63], "spatially": [65], "dense": [66], "prediction": [67], "tasks,": [68], "draw": [70], "connections": [71], "prior": [73], "models.": [74], "adapt": [76], "contemporary": [77], "classification": [78], "(AlexNet": [80], "[20],": [81], "VGG": [83], "net": [84], "[31],": [85], "GoogLeNet": [87], "[32])": [88], "into": [89], "transfer": [94], "learned": [96], "representations": [97], "fine-tuning": [99], "[3]": [100], "segmentation": [103, 140], "task.": [104], "then": [106], "a": [108, 116, 124, 165, 168], "skip": [109], "architecture": [110], "combines": [112], "information": [114, 122], "from": [115, 123], "deep,": [117], "coarse": [118], "layer": [119, 127], "appearance": [121], "shallow,": [125], "fine": [126], "accurate": [130], "detailed": [132], "segmentations.": [133], "network": [137], "achieves": [138], "PASCAL": [142], "VOC": [143], "(20%": [144], "relative": [145], "improvement": [146], "62.2%": [148], "mean": [149], "IU": [150], "on": [151], "2012),": [152], "NYUDv2,": [153], "SIFT": [155], "Flow,": [156], "while": [157], "takes": [159], "less": [160], "than": [161], "one": [162], "fifth": [163], "second": [166], "for": [167], "typical": [169], "image.": [170]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 459}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3152}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 4013}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4199}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4120}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5117}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4894}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4551}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3058}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1867}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 863}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 151}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1665332082", "doi": null, "title": "Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling", "display_name": "Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling", "publication_year": 2005, "publication_date": "2005-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1665332082", "mag": "1665332082"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-013016441", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=013016441&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, "type": "book", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058995931", "display_name": "Rex B. Kline", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-592X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I60158472", "display_name": "Concordia University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0420zvk78", "country_code": "CA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Rex B. Kline", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Concordia U, Clinical Psychology Faculty, Montreal, PQ, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Concordia U, Clinical Psychology Faculty, Montreal, PQ, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5058995931"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I60158472"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 1144.271, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 36219, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10467", "display_name": "Psychometric Methodologies and Testing", "score": 0.4756999909877777, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10467", "display_name": "Psychometric Methodologies and Testing", "score": 0.4756999909877777, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13447", "display_name": "Educational and Psychological Assessments", "score": 0.0272000003606081, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3204", "display_name": "Developmental and Educational Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13283", "display_name": "Mental Health Research Topics", "score": 0.007799999788403511, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3205", "display_name": "Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/lisrel", "display_name": "LISREL", "score": 0.9335184693336487}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling", "display_name": "Structural equation modeling", "score": 0.8914859294891357}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/path-analysis", "display_name": "Path analysis (statistics)", "score": 0.6597723960876465}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/confirmatory-factor-analysis", "display_name": "Confirmatory factor analysis", "score": 0.6201326847076416}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5296623110771179}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-variable", "display_name": "Latent variable", "score": 0.4799545109272003}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation", "display_name": "Interpretation (philosophy)", "score": 0.4764828383922577}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science", "display_name": "Management science", "score": 0.44071677327156067}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science", "display_name": "Data science", "score": 0.4216732382774353}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.24813312292099}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering", "display_name": "Engineering", "score": 0.1869814097881317}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.11371147632598877}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C119002697", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3376999", "display_name": "LISREL", "level": 3, "score": 0.9335184693336487}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71104824", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639", "display_name": "Structural equation modeling", "level": 2, "score": 0.8914859294891357}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C82793941", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046024", "display_name": "Path analysis (statistics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6597723960876465}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C40722632", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137", "display_name": "Confirmatory factor analysis", "level": 3, "score": 0.6201326847076416}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5296623110771179}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C51167844", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422623", "display_name": "Latent variable", "level": 2, "score": 0.4799545109272003}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C527412718", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395", "display_name": "Interpretation (philosophy)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4764828383922577}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C539667460", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942", "display_name": "Management science", "level": 1, "score": 0.44071677327156067}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463", "display_name": "Data science", "level": 1, "score": 0.4216732382774353}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.24813312292099}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.1869814097881317}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.11371147632598877}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 7, "locations": [{"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-013016441", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=013016441&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020418761", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=020418761&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028854533", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=028854533&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029434177", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=029434177&amp;sequence=000001&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "software, multimedia"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034621536", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": null, "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:2123621", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://cds.cern.ch/record/2123621", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402195", "display_name": "CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": ""}, {"id": "pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:ebook:94394", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2078/ebook:94394", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401974", "display_name": "DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I99464096", "host_organization_name": "KU Leuven", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I99464096"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4", "display_name": "Quality Education", "score": 0.8399999737739563}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3015634246", "https://openalex.org/W2948928365", "https://openalex.org/W2900927010", "https://openalex.org/W2163988453", "https://openalex.org/W2149608872", "https://openalex.org/W2122912498", "https://openalex.org/W2118016181", "https://openalex.org/W2106096361", "https://openalex.org/W2099697766", "https://openalex.org/W2089871805", "https://openalex.org/W2071666535", "https://openalex.org/W2059334100", "https://openalex.org/W2036149274", "https://openalex.org/W2018201949", "https://openalex.org/W1992193527", "https://openalex.org/W1987258130", "https://openalex.org/W1971440513", "https://openalex.org/W1836311887", "https://openalex.org/W1815596065", "https://openalex.org/W1484864026"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Emphasizing": [0], "concepts": [1], "and": [2, 14, 47, 55, 70, 75, 90, 99, 113, 130, 147, 164, 168, 188, 197, 206, 265], "rationale": [3], "over": [4], "mathematical": [5], "minutiae,": [6], "this": [7], "is": [8, 81], "the": [9, 22, 34, 48, 73, 78, 102, 131, 203], "most": [10], "widely": [11, 270], "used,": [12], "complete,": [13], "accessible": [15], "structural": [16, 49], "equation": [17], "modeling": [18], "(SEM)": [19], "text.": [20], "Continuing": [21], "tradition": [23], "of": [24, 32, 62, 65, 77, 156, 172, 208, 226, 231, 250], "using": [25], "real": [26], "data": [27, 68, 266], "examples": [28, 230], "from": [29, 67, 213], "a": [30, 59, 260], "variety": [31], "disciplines,": [33], "significantly": [35], "revised": [36, 121], "fourth": [37], "edition": [38], "incorporates": [39], "recent": [40], "developments": [41], "such": [42, 247], "as": [43, 248], "Pearl's": [44, 127], "graphing": [45, 128], "theory": [46, 129], "causal": [50, 133], "model": [51], "(SCM),": [52], "measurement": [53, 158], "invariance,": [54], "more.": [56, 148], "Readers": [57], "gain": [58], "comprehensive": [60], "understanding": [61], "all": [63, 154, 180], "phases": [64], "SEM,": [66, 157], "collection": [69], "screening": [71], "to": [72, 88, 117, 122, 201, 236, 256], "interpretation": [74], "reporting": [76], "results.": [79], "Learning": [80], "enhanced": [82], "by": [83], "exercises": [84], "with": [85, 220], "answers,": [86, 221], "rules": [87, 255], "remember,": [89], "topic": [91], "boxes.": [92], "The": [93], "companion": [94], "website": [95], "supplies": [96], "data,": [97, 143, 233], "syntax,": [98], "output": [100], "for": [101, 107, 141, 179, 268], "book's": [103], "examples--now": [104], "including": [105, 263], "files": [106, 178, 267], "Amos,": [108, 195], "EQS,": [109, 186], "LISREL,": [110, 187], "Mplus,": [111, 189], "Stata,": [112, 196], "R": [114, 198], "(lavaan).": [115, 199], "New": [116], "This": [118], "Edition": [119], "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Extensively": [120], "cover": [123, 202], "important": [124], "new": [125], "topics:": [126], "SCM,": [132], "inference": [134], "frameworks,": [135], "conditional": [136], "process": [137], "modeling,": [138], "path": [139], "models": [140, 211], "longitudinal": [142], "item": [144], "response": [145], "theory,": [146], "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Chapters": [149], "on": [150, 244], "best": [151], "practices": [152], "in": [153, 160, 185, 194, 240], "stages": [155], "invariance": [159], "confirmatory": [161], "factor": [162], "analysis,": [163], "significance": [165], "testing": [166], "issues": [167], "bootstrapping.": [169], "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Expanded": [170], "coverage": [171], "psychometrics.": [173], "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Additional": [174], "computer": [175, 273], "tools:": [176], "online": [177], "detailed": [181], "examples,": [182], "previously": [183], "provided": [184], "are": [190], "now": [191], "also": [192], "given": [193], "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Reorganized": [200], "specification,": [204], "identification,": [205], "analysis": [207], "observed": [209], "variable": [210, 215], "separately": [212], "latent": [214], "models.": [216], "Pedagogical": [217], "Features": [218], "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Exercises": [219], "plus": [222], "end-of-chapter": [223], "annotated": [224], "lists": [225], "further": [227], "reading.": [228], "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Real": [229], "troublesome": [232], "demonstrating": [234], "how": [235], "handle": [237], "typical": [238], "problems": [239], "analyses.": [241], "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Topic": [242], "boxes": [243], "specialized": [245], "issues,": [246], "causes": [249], "nonpositive": [251], "definite": [252], "correlations.": [253], "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Boxed": [254], "remember.": [257], "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Website": [258], "promoting": [259], "learn-by-doing": [261], "approach,": [262], "syntax": [264], "six": [269], "used": [271], "SEM": [272], "tools.": [274]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1036}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1362}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1433}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1235}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2551}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2487}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2274}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2100}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2047}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2255}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2555}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2542}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2267}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2025}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3003257820", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2", "title": "SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python", "display_name": "SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python", "publication_year": 2020, "publication_date": "2020-02-03", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3003257820", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2", "mag": "3003257820", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32015543"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-019-0686-2.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127827428", "display_name": "Nature Methods", "issn_l": "1548-7091", "issn": ["1548-7091", "1548-7105"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "hybrid", "oa_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-019-0686-2.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Pauli Virtanen", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I94722563", "display_name": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "ror": "https://ror.org/05n3dz165", "country_code": "FI", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}], "countries": ["FI"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Pauli Virtanen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Ralf Gommers", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0300-3333"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210098317", "display_name": "Quansight (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00zeq0353", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210098317"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ralf Gommers", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Quansight LLC, Austin, TX, USA. scipy.articles@gmail.com"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Quansight LLC, Austin, TX, USA. scipy.articles@gmail.com", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210098317"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Travis E. Oliphant", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I100005738", "display_name": "Brigham Young University", "ror": "https://ror.org/047rhhm47", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210098317", "display_name": "Quansight (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00zeq0353", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210098317"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210104575", "display_name": "Anaconda (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/0164jks53", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210104575"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210121859", "display_name": "Enthought (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/02xfc1977", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210121859"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210146710", "display_name": "Mayo Clinic in Florida", "ror": "https://ror.org/03zzw1w08", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1330342723", "https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Travis E. Oliphant", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Anaconda Inc., Austin, TX, USA", "Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA", "Enthought, Inc., Austin, TX, USA", "Quansight LLC, Austin, TX, USA", "Ultrasound Imaging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Anaconda Inc., Austin, TX, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210104575"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Enthought, Inc., Austin, TX, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210121859"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Quansight LLC, Austin, TX, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210098317"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Ultrasound Imaging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210146710"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Matt Haberland", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4806-3601"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I149919469", "display_name": "California Polytechnic State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/001gpfp45", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149919469"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I161318765", "display_name": "University of California, Los Angeles", "ror": "https://ror.org/046rm7j60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Matt Haberland", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["BioResource and Agricultural Engineering Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA. scipy.articles@gmail.com", "Department of Mathematics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. scipy.articles@gmail.com"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "BioResource and Agricultural Engineering Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA. scipy.articles@gmail.com", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I149919469"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mathematics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. scipy.articles@gmail.com", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Tyler Reddy", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2364-6157"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1343871089", "display_name": "Los Alamos National Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/01e41cf67", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1330989302", "https://openalex.org/I1343871089", "https://openalex.org/I198811213", "https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tyler Reddy", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA. scipy.articles@gmail.com"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA. scipy.articles@gmail.com", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "David Cournapeau", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David Cournapeau", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Independent researcher, Tokyo, Japan"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Independent researcher, Tokyo, Japan", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Evgeni Burovski", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I118501908", "display_name": "National Research University Higher School of Economics", "ror": "https://ror.org/055f7t516", "country_code": "RU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I118501908"]}], "countries": ["RU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Evgeni Burovski", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I118501908"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Pearu Peterson", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I111112146", "display_name": "Tallinn University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/0443cwa12", "country_code": "EE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}], "countries": ["EE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pearu Peterson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics, Institute of Cybernetics at Tallinn Technical University, Tallinn, Estonia", "Independent researcher, Saue, Estonia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics, Institute of Cybernetics at Tallinn Technical University, Tallinn, Estonia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Independent researcher, Saue, Estonia", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Warren Weckesser", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Warren Weckesser", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Jonathan Bright", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jonathan Bright", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Independent researcher, New York, NY, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Independent researcher, New York, NY, USA", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "St\u00e9fan J. van der Walt", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-1891"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "St\u00e9fan J. van der Walt", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Matthew Brett", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I79619799", "display_name": "University of Birmingham", "ror": "https://ror.org/03angcq70", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Matthew Brett", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Joshua Wilson", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210121988", "display_name": "Film Independent", "ror": "https://ror.org/036cy3843", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Joshua Wilson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Independent researcher, San Francisco, CA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Independent researcher, San Francisco, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "K. Jarrod Millman", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5263-5070"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "K. Jarrod Millman", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA", "Division of Biostatistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Division of Biostatistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Nikolay Mayorov", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210128657", "display_name": "WayRay (Russia)", "ror": "https://ror.org/03nrpad60", "country_code": "RU", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210128657"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210165827", "display_name": "Skolkovo Foundation", "ror": "https://ror.org/05qj99v29", "country_code": "RU", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210165827"]}], "countries": ["RU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nikolay Mayorov", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["WayRay LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "WayRay LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210165827", "https://openalex.org/I4210128657"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Andrew R. J. Nelson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4548-3558"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1334950195", "display_name": "Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation", "ror": "https://ror.org/05j7fep28", "country_code": "AU", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1334950195", "https://openalex.org/I2801453606", "https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Andrew R. J. Nelson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1334950195"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Eric Jones", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210121859", "display_name": "Enthought (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/02xfc1977", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210121859"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Eric Jones", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Enthought, Inc., Austin, TX, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Enthought, Inc., Austin, TX, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210121859"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Robert Kern", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210121859", "display_name": "Enthought (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/02xfc1977", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210121859"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Robert Kern", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Enthought, Inc., Austin, TX, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Enthought, Inc., Austin, TX, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210121859"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Eric Larson", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I201448701", "display_name": "University of Washington", "ror": "https://ror.org/00cvxb145", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Eric Larson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "C J Carey", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I177605424", "display_name": "Amherst College", "ror": "https://ror.org/028vqfs63", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I177605424"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I24603500", "display_name": "University of Massachusetts Amherst", "ror": "https://ror.org/0072zz521", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "C J Carey", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Information and Computing Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Information and Computing Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I177605424", "https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "\u0130lhan Polat", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "\u0130lhan Polat", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Independent researcher, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Independent researcher, Amsterdam, the Netherlands", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Yu Feng", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yu Feng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Eric W. Moore", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I193170854", "display_name": "Bruker (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/04r739x86", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193170854"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Eric W. Moore", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Bruker Biospin Corp., Billerica, MA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Bruker Biospin Corp., Billerica, MA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I193170854"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Jake VanderPlas", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I201448701", "display_name": "University of Washington", "ror": "https://ror.org/00cvxb145", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jake VanderPlas", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Denis Laxalde", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-4825"}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Denis Laxalde", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Independent researcher, Toulouse, France"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Independent researcher, Toulouse, France", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Josef Perktold", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Josef Perktold", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Independent researcher, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Independent researcher, Montreal, Quebec, Canada", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Robert Cimrman", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I92715842", "display_name": "University of West Bohemia in Pilsen", "ror": "https://ror.org/040t43x18", "country_code": "CZ", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I92715842"]}], "countries": ["CZ"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Robert Cimrman", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Plze\u0148, Czech Republic"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Plze\u0148, Czech Republic", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I92715842"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Ian Henriksen", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I100005738", "display_name": "Brigham Young University", "ror": "https://ror.org/047rhhm47", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210104575", "display_name": "Anaconda (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/0164jks53", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210104575"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I86519309", "display_name": "The University of Texas at Austin", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hj54h04", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ian Henriksen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Anaconda Inc., Austin, TX, USA", "Department of Mathematics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA", "Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Anaconda Inc., Austin, TX, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210104575"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mathematics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "E. A. Quintero", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "E. A. Quintero", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Independent researcher, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Independent researcher, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Charles R. Harris", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4388482684", "display_name": "Utah State University Space Dynamics Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/02w403h65", "country_code": null, "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I121980950", "https://openalex.org/I4388482684"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Charles R. Harris", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Independent researcher, Logan, Utah, USA", "Space Dynamics Laboratory, North Logan, UT, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Independent researcher, Logan, Utah, USA", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Space Dynamics Laboratory, North Logan, UT, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4388482684"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Anne M. Archibald", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Anne M. Archibald", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Anton Pannekoek Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Anton Pannekoek Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Ant\u00f4nio H. Ribeiro", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3632-8529"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I110200422", "display_name": "Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais", "ror": "https://ror.org/0176yjw32", "country_code": "BR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}], "countries": ["BR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ant\u00f4nio H. Ribeiro", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Fabian Pedregosa", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210148186", "display_name": "Google (Canada)", "ror": "https://ror.org/04d06q394", "country_code": "CA", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969", "https://openalex.org/I4210148186"]}], "countries": ["CA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Fabian Pedregosa", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Google LLC, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Google LLC, Montreal, Quebec, Canada", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210148186"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Paul van Mulbregt", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-8308"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "display_name": "Google (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00njsd438", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158", "https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Paul van Mulbregt", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Google LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Google LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "SciPy 1.0 Contributors", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "SciPy 1.0 Contributors", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Aditya Vijaykumar", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Aditya Vijaykumar", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Alessandro Pietro Bardelli", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alessandro Pietro Bardelli", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Alex Rothberg", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alex Rothberg", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Andreas Hilboll", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Andreas Hilboll", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Andreas Kloeckner", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Andreas Kloeckner", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Anthony Scopatz", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Anthony Scopatz", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Antony Lee", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Antony Lee", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Ariel Rokem", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ariel Rokem", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "C. Nathan Woods", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "C. Nathan Woods", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Chad Fulton", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chad Fulton", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Charles Masson", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Charles Masson", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Christian H\u00e4ggstr\u00f6m", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Christian H\u00e4ggstr\u00f6m", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Clark Fitzgerald", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Clark Fitzgerald", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "David A. Nicholson", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David A. Nicholson", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "David R. Hagen", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David R. Hagen", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Dmitrii V. Pasechnik", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Dmitrii V. Pasechnik", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Emanuele Olivetti", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Emanuele Olivetti", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Eric Martin", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Eric Martin", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Eric Wieser", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Eric Wieser", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Fabrice Silva", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Fabrice Silva", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Felix Lenders", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Felix Lenders", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Florian Wilhelm", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Florian Wilhelm", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "G. Young", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "G. Young", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Gavin A. Price", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gavin A. Price", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Gert-Ludwig Ingold", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gert-Ludwig Ingold", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Gregory E. Allen", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gregory E. Allen", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Gregory R. Lee", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gregory R. Lee", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Herv\u00e9 Audren", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Herv\u00e9 Audren", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Irvin Probst", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Irvin Probst", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "J\u00f6rg P. Dietrich", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J\u00f6rg P. Dietrich", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Jacob Silterra", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jacob Silterra", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "James T Webber", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "James T Webber", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Janko Slavi\u010d", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Janko Slavi\u010d", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Joel Nothman", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Joel Nothman", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Johannes Buchner", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Johannes Buchner", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Johannes Kulick", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Johannes Kulick", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Johannes L. Sch\u00f6nberger", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Johannes L. Sch\u00f6nberger", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Jos\u00e9 Vin\u00edcius de Miranda Cardoso", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jos\u00e9 Vin\u00edcius de Miranda Cardoso", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Joscha Reimer", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Joscha Reimer", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Joseph Harrington", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Joseph Harrington", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Juan Luis Cano Rodr\u00edguez", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Juan Luis Cano Rodr\u00edguez", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Juan Nunez-Iglesias", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Juan Nunez-Iglesias", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Justin Kuczynski", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Justin Kuczynski", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Kevin Tritz", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kevin Tritz", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Martin Thoma", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Martin Thoma", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Matthew Newville", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Matthew Newville", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Matthias K\u00fcmmerer", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Matthias K\u00fcmmerer", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Maximilian Bolingbroke", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Maximilian Bolingbroke", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Michael Tartre", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Michael Tartre", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Mikhail Pak", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mikhail Pak", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Nathaniel J. Smith", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nathaniel J. Smith", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Nikolai Nowaczyk", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nikolai Nowaczyk", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Nikolay Shebanov", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nikolay Shebanov", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Oleksandr Pavlyk", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Oleksandr Pavlyk", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Per A. Brodtkorb", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Per A. Brodtkorb", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Perry Lee", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Perry Lee", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Robert T. McGibbon", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Robert T. McGibbon", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Roman Feldbauer", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Roman Feldbauer", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Sam Lewis", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sam Lewis", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Sam Tygier", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sam Tygier", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Scott Sievert", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Scott Sievert", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Sebastiano Vigna", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sebastiano Vigna", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Stefan Peterson", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Stefan Peterson", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Surhud More", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Surhud More", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Tadeusz Pudlik", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tadeusz Pudlik", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 9, "institutions_distinct_count": 112, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I94722563"], "apc_list": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "apc_paid": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "fwci": 2419.335, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 36193, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "17", "issue": "3", "first_page": "261", "last_page": "272"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13650", "display_name": "Computational Physics and Python Applications", "score": 0.5120999813079834, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13650", "display_name": "Computational Physics and Python Applications", "score": 0.5120999813079834, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11986", "display_name": "Scientific Computing and Data Management", "score": 0.22429999709129333, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1802", "display_name": "Information Systems and Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13937", "display_name": "Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research", "score": 0.018200000748038292, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/python", "display_name": "Python (programming language)", "score": 0.8144000172615051}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/code", "display_name": "Code (set theory)", "score": 0.3677999973297119}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code", "display_name": "Source code", "score": 0.3310999870300293}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/de-facto", "display_name": "De facto", "score": 0.31940001249313354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/function", "display_name": "Function (biology)", "score": 0.27619999647140503}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C519991488", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865", "display_name": "Python (programming language)", "level": 2, "score": 0.8144000172615051}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.7531999945640564}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776760102", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990", "display_name": "Code (set theory)", "level": 3, "score": 0.3677999973297119}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C80444323", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3578000068664551}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C459310", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801", "display_name": "Computational science", "level": 1, "score": 0.3343999981880188}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C43126263", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751", "display_name": "Source code", "level": 2, "score": 0.3310999870300293}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.32249999046325684}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2992317946", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q712144", "display_name": "De facto", "level": 2, "score": 0.31940001249313354}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366", "display_name": "Algorithm", "level": 1, "score": 0.2994000017642975}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C14036430", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076", "display_name": "Function (biology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.27619999647140503}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.2669999897480011}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463", "display_name": "Data science", "level": 1, "score": 0.259799987077713}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003198", "descriptor_name": "Computer Simulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003198", "descriptor_name": "Computer Simulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003198", "descriptor_name": "Computer Simulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003198", "descriptor_name": "Computer Simulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003198", "descriptor_name": "Computer Simulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008954", "descriptor_name": "Models, Biological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008954", "descriptor_name": "Models, Biological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008954", "descriptor_name": "Models, Biological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008954", "descriptor_name": "Models, Biological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008954", "descriptor_name": "Models, Biological", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011381", "descriptor_name": "Programming Languages", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011381", "descriptor_name": "Programming Languages", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011381", "descriptor_name": "Programming Languages", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011381", "descriptor_name": "Programming Languages", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011381", "descriptor_name": "Programming Languages", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012815", "descriptor_name": "Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012815", "descriptor_name": "Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012815", "descriptor_name": "Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012815", "descriptor_name": "Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012815", "descriptor_name": "Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016014", "descriptor_name": "Linear Models", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016014", "descriptor_name": "Linear Models", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016014", "descriptor_name": "Linear Models", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016014", "descriptor_name": "Linear Models", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D016014", "descriptor_name": "Linear Models", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017711", "descriptor_name": "Nonlinear Dynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017711", "descriptor_name": "Nonlinear Dynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017711", "descriptor_name": "Nonlinear Dynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017711", "descriptor_name": "Nonlinear Dynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017711", "descriptor_name": "Nonlinear Dynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000266", "qualifier_name": "history", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000266", "qualifier_name": "history", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000266", "qualifier_name": "history", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000266", "qualifier_name": "history", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000266", "qualifier_name": "history", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D049673", "descriptor_name": "History, 20th Century", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D049673", "descriptor_name": "History, 20th Century", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D049673", "descriptor_name": "History, 20th Century", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D049673", "descriptor_name": "History, 20th Century", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D049673", "descriptor_name": "History, 20th Century", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D049674", "descriptor_name": "History, 21st Century", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D049674", "descriptor_name": "History, 21st Century", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D049674", "descriptor_name": "History, 21st Century", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D049674", "descriptor_name": "History, 21st Century", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D049674", "descriptor_name": "History, 21st Century", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 15, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-019-0686-2.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127827428", "display_name": "Nature Methods", "issn_l": "1548-7091", "issn": ["1548-7091", "1548-7105"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:32015543", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32015543", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature methods", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:monash.edu:publications/464a6409-5bd7-4b1b-ae73-686ced5a3b68", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/464a6409-5bd7-4b1b-ae73-686ced5a3b68", "pdf_url": "https://researchmgt.monash.edu/ws/files/309744549/298888777_oa.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402625", "display_name": "Monash University Research Portal (Monash University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I56590836", "host_organization_name": "Monash University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I56590836"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Virtanen, P, Gommers, R, Oliphant, T E, Haberland, M, Reddy, T, Cournapeau, D, Burovski, E, Peterson, P, Weckesser, W, Bright, J, van der Walt, S J, Brett, M, Wilson, J, Millman, K J, Mayorov, N, Nelson, A R J, Jones, E, Kern, R, Larson, E, Carey, C J, Polat, \u0130, Feng, Y, Moore, E W, VanderPlas, J, Laxalde, D, Perktold, J, Cimrman, R, Henriksen, I, Quintero, E A, Harris, C R, Archibald, A M, Ribeiro, A H, Pedregosa, F, van Mulbregt, P & SciPy 1.0 Contributors 2020, 'SciPy 1.0 : fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python', Nature Methods, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 261-272. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:osti.gov:1659198", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1659198", "pdf_url": "https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1659198", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402487", "display_name": "OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I139351228", "host_organization_name": "Office of Scientific and Technical Information", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I139351228"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02520043v1", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://hal.science/hal-02520043", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402512", "display_name": "HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "host_organization_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods, 2020, 17, pp.261-272. &#x27E8;10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2&#x27E9;", "raw_type": "Journal articles"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/848184", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/2434/848184", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400516", "display_name": "Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I189158943", "host_organization_name": "University of Milan", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I189158943"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:dspace5.zcu.cz:11025/43199", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/11025/43199", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400586", "display_name": "Digital Library (University of West Bohemia)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I92715842", "host_organization_name": "University of West Bohemia in Pilsen", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I92715842"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "\u010dl\u00e1nek"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8jd5f1bv", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8jd5f1bv", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400115", "display_name": "eScholarship (California Digital Library)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I2801248553", "host_organization_name": "California Digital Library", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods, vol 17, iss 3", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:1182959", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/1182959/", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4406922847", "display_name": "Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/265398", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-019-0686-2", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401913", "display_name": "Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I193223587", "host_organization_name": "University of Trento", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193223587"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1552180", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=1552180", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196330", "display_name": "mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I62916508", "host_organization_name": "Technical University of Munich", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I62916508"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/4ab08690-3989-4eae-926a-14f0a30e7a44", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/4ab08690-3989-4eae-926a-14f0a30e7a44", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400662", "display_name": "Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I28407311", "host_organization_name": "University of Manchester", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Virtanen, P, Gommers, R, Oliphant, T E, Haberland, M, Reddy, T, Cournapeau, D, Burovski, E, Peterson, P, Weckesser, W, Bright, J, Van Der Walt, S J, Brett, M, Wilson, J, Millman, K J, Mayorov, N, Nelson, A R J, Jones, E, Kern, R, Larson, E, Carey, C J, Polat, I, Feng, Y, Moore, E W, Vanderplas, J, Laxalde, D, Perktold, J, Cimrman, R, Henriksen, I, Quintero, E A, Harris, C R, Archibald, A M, Ribeiro, A H, Pedregosa, F, Van Mulbregt, P & Tygier, S 2020, 'SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python', Nature Methods. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/4ab08690-3989-4eae-926a-14f0a30e7a44", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/scipy-10-fundamental-algorithms-for-scientific-computing-in-python(4ab08690-3989-4eae-926a-14f0a30e7a44).html", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400662", "display_name": "Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I28407311", "host_organization_name": "University of Manchester", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I28407311"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Virtanen, P, Gommers, R, Oliphant, T E, Haberland, M, Reddy, T, Cournapeau, D, Burovski, E, Peterson, P, Weckesser, W, Bright, J, Van Der Walt, S J, Brett, M, Wilson, J, Millman, K J, Mayorov, N, Nelson, A R J, Jones, E, Kern, R, Larson, E, Carey, C J, Polat, I, Feng, Y, Moore, E W, Vanderplas, J, Laxalde, D, Perktold, J, Cimrman, R, Henriksen, I, Quintero, E A, Harris, C R, Archibald, A M, Ribeiro, A H, Pedregosa, F, Van Mulbregt, P & Tygier, S 2020, 'SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python', Nature Methods. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2", "raw_type": "article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:purl.org/net/epubs:work/45303833", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://purl.org/net/epubs/work/45303833", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400600", "display_name": "ePubs (Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Councils UK)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I162524378", "host_organization_name": "Science and Technology Facilities Council", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I162524378"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Journal Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:uni-augsburg.opus-bayern.de:69920", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/frontdoor/index/index/docId/69920", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400930", "display_name": "OPUS (Augsburg University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I119916105", "host_organization_name": "Augsburg University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I119916105"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "article"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-019-0686-2.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127827428", "display_name": "Nature Methods", "issn_l": "1548-7091", "issn": ["1548-7091", "1548-7105"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G1127810244", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "89233218CNA0000", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306084", "funder_display_name": "U.S. Department of Energy"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G1406813184", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "89233218CNA000", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338304", "funder_display_name": "Los Alamos National Laboratory"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G216489703", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "89233218CNA00000", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332369", "funder_display_name": "National Nuclear Security Administration"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3359278407", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "9233218CNA000001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332369", "funder_display_name": "National Nuclear Security Administration"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3793674015", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "9233218CNA000001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338304", "funder_display_name": "Los Alamos National Laboratory"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G4950733632", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "000001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306084", "funder_display_name": "U.S. Department of Energy"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6083127429", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "00001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306084", "funder_display_name": "U.S. Department of Energy"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6387710405", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "9233218CNA00000", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332369", "funder_display_name": "National Nuclear Security Administration"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G6995210142", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "89233218CNA000001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332369", "funder_display_name": "National Nuclear Security Administration"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7038891139", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "89233218", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338304", "funder_display_name": "Los Alamos National Laboratory"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7340972926", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "other", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306084", "funder_display_name": "U.S. Department of Energy"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G737588927", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "ST/P002056/1", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334632", "funder_display_name": "Science and Technology Facilities Council"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7500863821", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "89233218CNA000001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338304", "funder_display_name": "Los Alamos National Laboratory"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G7851296133", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "9233218CNA000001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306084", "funder_display_name": "U.S. Department of Energy"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8659807574", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "89233218CNA000001", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306084", "funder_display_name": "U.S. Department of Energy"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G8803809456", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "89233218CNA00000", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306084", "funder_display_name": "U.S. Department of Energy"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G996238640", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "89233218CNA00000", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338304", "funder_display_name": "Los Alamos National Laboratory"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320306084", "display_name": "U.S. Department of Energy", "ror": "https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332369", "display_name": "National Nuclear Security Administration", "ror": "https://ror.org/03sk1we31"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334632", "display_name": "Science and Technology Facilities Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/057g20z61"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320338304", "display_name": "Los Alamos National Laboratory", "ror": "https://ror.org/01e41cf67"}], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3003257820.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W3003257820.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 70, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W147998453", "https://openalex.org/W173148493", "https://openalex.org/W344808587", "https://openalex.org/W1451881698", "https://openalex.org/W1499852305", "https://openalex.org/W1506690472", "https://openalex.org/W1579664581", "https://openalex.org/W1595159159", "https://openalex.org/W1596877211", "https://openalex.org/W1736770670", "https://openalex.org/W1749804791", "https://openalex.org/W1768849904", "https://openalex.org/W1775163074", "https://openalex.org/W1970009422", "https://openalex.org/W1987822482", "https://openalex.org/W1988054515", "https://openalex.org/W1993335798", "https://openalex.org/W2000359198", "https://openalex.org/W2000389939", "https://openalex.org/W2001082470", "https://openalex.org/W2005011886", "https://openalex.org/W2005126631", "https://openalex.org/W2005411772", "https://openalex.org/W2006650073", "https://openalex.org/W2015159529", "https://openalex.org/W2026926219", "https://openalex.org/W2028837575", "https://openalex.org/W2035776949", "https://openalex.org/W2044105167", "https://openalex.org/W2061615592", "https://openalex.org/W2063397409", "https://openalex.org/W2063690908", "https://openalex.org/W2065000345", "https://openalex.org/W2065219489", "https://openalex.org/W2075184363", "https://openalex.org/W2079777091", "https://openalex.org/W2091043613", "https://openalex.org/W2096045964", "https://openalex.org/W2104266030", "https://openalex.org/W2114013702", "https://openalex.org/W2127391977", "https://openalex.org/W2140798163", "https://openalex.org/W2146292423", "https://openalex.org/W2153504150", "https://openalex.org/W2162870748", "https://openalex.org/W2171074980", "https://openalex.org/W2181523240", "https://openalex.org/W2217402295", "https://openalex.org/W2245493112", "https://openalex.org/W2252795400", "https://openalex.org/W2273772273", "https://openalex.org/W2417863416", "https://openalex.org/W2576057118", "https://openalex.org/W2612135142", "https://openalex.org/W2616543068", "https://openalex.org/W2758392106", "https://openalex.org/W2765081049", "https://openalex.org/W2793946573", "https://openalex.org/W2884670864", "https://openalex.org/W2886697344", "https://openalex.org/W2888532099", "https://openalex.org/W2939038312", "https://openalex.org/W2971491423", "https://openalex.org/W3208657605", "https://openalex.org/W4211101666", "https://openalex.org/W4240429068", "https://openalex.org/W4388322023", "https://openalex.org/W6632917401", "https://openalex.org/W6675354045", "https://openalex.org/W6949871103"], "related_works": [], "abstract_inverted_index": {"SciPy": [0, 18, 65], "is": [1], "an": [2, 56], "open-source": [3], "scientific": [4, 27], "computing": [5], "library": [6], "for": [7, 25], "the": [8, 59], "Python": [9], "programming": [10], "language.": [11], "Since": [12], "its": [13], "initial": [14], "release": [15], "in": [16, 29], "2001,": [17], "has": [19], "become": [20], "a": [21], "de": [22], "facto": [23], "standard": [24], "leveraging": [26], "algorithms": [28], "Python,": [30], "with": [31], "over": [32, 41], "600": [33], "unique": [34], "code": [35], "contributors,": [36], "thousands": [37], "of": [38, 47, 58, 64], "dependent": [39, 43], "packages,": [40], "100,000": [42], "repositories": [44], "and": [45, 61, 67], "millions": [46], "downloads": [48], "per": [49], "year.": [50], "In": [51], "this": [52], "work,": [53], "we": [54], "provide": [55], "overview": [57], "capabilities": [60], "development": [62], "practices": [63], "1.0": [66], "highlight": [68], "some": [69], "recent": [70], "technical": [71], "developments.": [72]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2055}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 8472}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 7531}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6444}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 5261}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4352}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1787}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 43}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 20}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 14}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 27}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 19}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 17}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 11}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2020-02-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2126930838", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186", "title": "Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta\u2010analysis", "display_name": "Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta\u2010analysis", "publication_year": 2002, "publication_date": "2002-05-21", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2126930838", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186", "mag": "2126930838", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12111919"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/sim.1186", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S55189604", "display_name": "Statistics in Medicine", "issn_l": "0277-6715", "issn": ["0277-6715", "1097-0258"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Statistics in Medicine", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031195893", "display_name": "Julian P. T. Higgins", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-2514"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210134973", "display_name": "MRC Biostatistics Unit", "ror": "https://ror.org/046vje122", "country_code": "GB", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I241749", "https://openalex.org/I4210087105", "https://openalex.org/I4210134973", "https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Julian P. T. Higgins", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK. julian.higgins@mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk", "MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2SR, U.K"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK. julian.higgins@mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210134973"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2SR, U.K", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103553598", "display_name": "Simon G. Thompson", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Simon G. Thompson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2SR, U.K"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2SR, U.K", "institution_ids": []}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5031195893"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210134973"], "apc_list": {"value": 4940, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4940}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 156.7996, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 36163, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "21", "issue": "11", "first_page": "1539", "last_page": "1558"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10206", "display_name": "Meta-analysis and systematic reviews", "score": 0.9991999864578247, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1804", "display_name": "Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11700", "display_name": "Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy", "score": 0.9584000110626221, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2746", "display_name": "Surgery"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11235", "display_name": "Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials", "score": 0.92330002784729, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis", "display_name": "Meta-analysis", "score": 0.7981830835342407}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/study-heterogeneity", "display_name": "Study heterogeneity", "score": 0.7465903162956238}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.7078449130058289}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistic", "display_name": "Statistic", "score": 0.5629101395606995}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/random-effects-model", "display_name": "Random effects model", "score": 0.5584756135940552}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/metric", "display_name": "Metric (unit)", "score": 0.534646213054657}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-heterogeneity", "display_name": "Spatial heterogeneity", "score": 0.5203599333763123}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics", "display_name": "Econometrics", "score": 0.49717310070991516}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.49046656489372253}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/variance", "display_name": "Variance (accounting)", "score": 0.4789474606513977}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-error", "display_name": "Standard error", "score": 0.47363370656967163}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval", "display_name": "Confidence interval", "score": 0.45156174898147583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.32205086946487427}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine", "display_name": "Medicine", "score": 0.1684567630290985}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C95190672", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382", "display_name": "Meta-analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.7981830835342407}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119423318", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7628405", "display_name": "Study heterogeneity", "level": 3, "score": 0.7465903162956238}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.7078449130058289}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C89128539", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963", "display_name": "Statistic", "level": 2, "score": 0.5629101395606995}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C168743327", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826427", "display_name": "Random effects model", "level": 3, "score": 0.5584756135940552}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C176217482", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554", "display_name": "Metric (unit)", "level": 2, "score": 0.534646213054657}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C180478619", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574066", "display_name": "Spatial heterogeneity", "level": 2, "score": 0.5203599333763123}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039", "display_name": "Econometrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.49717310070991516}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.49046656489372253}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C196083921", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758", "display_name": "Variance (accounting)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4789474606513977}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18747219", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620994", "display_name": "Standard error", "level": 2, "score": 0.47363370656967163}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C44249647", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498", "display_name": "Confidence interval", "level": 2, "score": 0.45156174898147583}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.32205086946487427}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.1684567630290985}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180", "display_name": "Internal medicine", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C21547014", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657", "display_name": "Operations management", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453", "display_name": "Business", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121955636", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214", "display_name": "Accounting", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134", "display_name": "Economics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000418", "descriptor_name": "Albumins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000627", "qualifier_name": "therapeutic use", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000418", "descriptor_name": "Albumins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000627", "qualifier_name": "therapeutic use", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000418", "descriptor_name": "Albumins", "qualifier_ui": "Q000627", "qualifier_name": "therapeutic use", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002986", "descriptor_name": "Clinical Trials as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002986", "descriptor_name": "Clinical Trials as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D002986", "descriptor_name": "Clinical Trials as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003072", "descriptor_name": "Cognition Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000188", "qualifier_name": "drug therapy", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003072", "descriptor_name": "Cognition Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000188", "qualifier_name": "drug therapy", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003072", "descriptor_name": "Cognition Disorders", "qualifier_ui": "Q000188", "qualifier_name": "drug therapy", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003566", "descriptor_name": "Cytidine Diphosphate Choline", "qualifier_ui": "Q000627", "qualifier_name": "therapeutic use", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003566", "descriptor_name": "Cytidine Diphosphate Choline", "qualifier_ui": "Q000627", "qualifier_name": "therapeutic use", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D003566", "descriptor_name": "Cytidine Diphosphate Choline", "qualifier_ui": "Q000627", "qualifier_name": "therapeutic use", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005355", "descriptor_name": "Fibrosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000628", "qualifier_name": "therapy", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005355", "descriptor_name": "Fibrosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000628", "qualifier_name": "therapy", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005355", "descriptor_name": "Fibrosis", "qualifier_ui": "Q000628", "qualifier_name": "therapy", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005592", "descriptor_name": "Fracture Fixation", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005592", "descriptor_name": "Fracture Fixation", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005592", "descriptor_name": "Fracture Fixation", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006620", "descriptor_name": "Hip Fractures", "qualifier_ui": "Q000601", "qualifier_name": "surgery", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006620", "descriptor_name": "Hip Fractures", "qualifier_ui": "Q000601", "qualifier_name": "surgery", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006620", "descriptor_name": "Hip Fractures", "qualifier_ui": "Q000601", "qualifier_name": "surgery", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012151", "descriptor_name": "Resuscitation", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012151", "descriptor_name": "Resuscitation", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012151", "descriptor_name": "Resuscitation", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012509", "descriptor_name": "Sarcoma", "qualifier_ui": "Q000188", "qualifier_name": "drug therapy", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012509", "descriptor_name": "Sarcoma", "qualifier_ui": "Q000188", "qualifier_name": "drug therapy", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012509", "descriptor_name": "Sarcoma", "qualifier_ui": "Q000188", "qualifier_name": "drug therapy", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013223", "descriptor_name": "Statistics as Topic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015201", "descriptor_name": "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015911", "descriptor_name": "Sclerotherapy", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015911", "descriptor_name": "Sclerotherapy", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015911", "descriptor_name": "Sclerotherapy", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017024", "descriptor_name": "Chemotherapy, Adjuvant", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017024", "descriptor_name": "Chemotherapy, Adjuvant", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017024", "descriptor_name": "Chemotherapy, Adjuvant", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 2, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1002/sim.1186", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S55189604", "display_name": "Statistics in Medicine", "issn_l": "0277-6715", "issn": ["0277-6715", "1097-0258"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Statistics in Medicine", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:12111919", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12111919", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Statistics in medicine", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16", "display_name": "Peace, Justice and strong institutions", "score": 0.800000011920929}], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334626", "display_name": "Medical Research Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/03x94j517"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 30, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W167399798", "https://openalex.org/W1554783366", "https://openalex.org/W1943930181", "https://openalex.org/W1966953116", "https://openalex.org/W1995662581", "https://openalex.org/W2027304644", "https://openalex.org/W2049217505", "https://openalex.org/W2057022425", "https://openalex.org/W2060909815", "https://openalex.org/W2099880429", "https://openalex.org/W2107328434", "https://openalex.org/W2116455948", "https://openalex.org/W2128841980", "https://openalex.org/W2132966541", "https://openalex.org/W2136459510", "https://openalex.org/W2139900098", "https://openalex.org/W2160323354", "https://openalex.org/W2161147823", "https://openalex.org/W2169997396", "https://openalex.org/W2170521505", "https://openalex.org/W2275599683", "https://openalex.org/W2313299119", "https://openalex.org/W2315123323", "https://openalex.org/W2412985441", "https://openalex.org/W2801179766", "https://openalex.org/W4240242204", "https://openalex.org/W4241900704", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527", "https://openalex.org/W4293874313", "https://openalex.org/W4300223101"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2765228684", "https://openalex.org/W2510242960", "https://openalex.org/W2147234629", "https://openalex.org/W2939225615", "https://openalex.org/W2513330125", "https://openalex.org/W2057236131", "https://openalex.org/W2110861740", "https://openalex.org/W3128342263", "https://openalex.org/W4313829825", "https://openalex.org/W2762279224"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "extent": [1, 16], "of": [2, 41, 49, 57, 60, 71, 74, 93, 102, 108, 112, 125, 136, 142, 161, 175, 195, 198], "heterogeneity": [3, 42, 61, 96], "in": [4, 11, 51, 145, 167, 206, 209], "a": [5, 22, 31, 63, 117, 126, 134], "meta-analysis": [6, 120], "partly": [7], "determines": [8], "the": [9, 39, 47, 52, 58, 72, 77, 90, 94, 106, 109, 113, 122, 140, 196, 212], "difficulty": [10], "drawing": [12], "overall": [13], "conclusions.": [14], "This": [15], "may": [17], "be": [18, 186, 204], "measured": [19], "by": [20, 99], "estimating": [21], "between-study": [23], "variance,": [24], "but": [25, 44], "interpretation": [26], "is": [27, 89, 105, 133, 149], "then": [28], "specific": [29], "to": [30, 121, 151, 211], "particular": [32], "treatment": [33, 78], "effect": [34, 79, 128], "metric.": [35, 80], "A": [36], "test": [37, 213], "for": [38, 188, 214], "existence": [40], "exists,": [43], "depends": [45], "on": [46, 62], "number": [48, 73], "studies": [50, 75], "meta-analysis.": [53], "We": [54, 81, 153, 177], "develop": [55], "measures": [56, 163], "impact": [59, 197], "meta-analysis,": [64], "from": [65, 116], "mathematical": [66], "criteria,": [67], "that": [68, 138, 148, 179], "are": [69, 191], "independent": [70], "and": [76, 83, 131, 158, 164, 181], "derive": [82], "propose": [84], "three": [85], "suitable": [86], "statistics:": [87], "H": [88, 180], "square": [91], "root": [92], "chi2": [95], "statistic": [97], "divided": [98], "its": [100], "degrees": [101], "freedom;": [103], "R": [104], "ratio": [107], "standard": [110, 123], "error": [111, 124], "underlying": [114], "mean": [115], "random": [118], "effects": [119], "fixed": [127], "meta-analytic": [129], "estimate,": [130], "I2": [132], "transformation": [135], "(H)": [137], "describes": [139], "proportion": [141], "total": [143], "variation": [144], "study": [146], "estimates": [147, 157], "due": [150], "heterogeneity.": [152, 176, 199, 215], "discuss": [154], "interpretation,": [155], "interval": [156], "other": [159], "properties": [160], "these": [162], "examine": [165], "them": [166], "five": [168], "example": [169], "data": [170], "sets": [171], "showing": [172], "different": [173], "amounts": [174], "conclude": [178], "I2,": [182], "which": [183], "can": [184], "usually": [185], "calculated": [187], "published": [189, 207], "meta-analyses,": [190], "particularly": [192], "useful": [193], "summaries": [194], "One": [200], "or": [201], "both": [202], "should": [203], "presented": [205], "meta-analyses": [208], "preference": [210]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 630}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2718}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3419}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2904}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2875}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3163}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2860}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2269}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2014}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1892}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1791}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1828}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1625}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1435}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1167}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2008620264", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5439.509", "title": "Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks", "display_name": "Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks", "publication_year": 1999, "publication_date": "1999-10-15", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2008620264", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5439.509", "mag": "2008620264", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10521342"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1126/science.286.5439.509", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5439.509", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S3880285", "display_name": "Science", "issn_l": "0036-8075", "issn": ["0036-8075", "1095-9203"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315823", "host_organization_name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Association for the Advancement of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["arxiv", "crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9910332", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038976962", "display_name": "Albert-\u0139aszl\u00f3 Barab\u00e1si", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-3522"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I107639228", "display_name": "University of Notre Dame", "ror": "https://ror.org/00mkhxb43", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Albert-La\u0301szlo\u0301 Baraba\u0301si", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5012905268", "display_name": "R\u00e9ka Albert", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-0828"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I107639228", "display_name": "University of Notre Dame", "ror": "https://ror.org/00mkhxb43", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Re\u0301ka Albert", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5038976962"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I107639228"], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 119.7255, "has_fulltext": true, "cited_by_count": 36125, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99975663, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "286", "issue": "5439", "first_page": "509", "last_page": "512"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10064", "display_name": "Complex Network Analysis Techniques", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3109", "display_name": "Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10064", "display_name": "Complex Network Analysis Techniques", "score": 0.9997000098228455, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3109", "display_name": "Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12592", "display_name": "Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence", "score": 0.9991000294685364, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3109", "display_name": "Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11252", "display_name": "Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation", "score": 0.9853000044822693, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3312", "display_name": "Sociology and Political Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/33", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/vertex", "display_name": "Vertex (graph theory)", "score": 0.6619867086410522}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-network", "display_name": "Complex network", "score": 0.6535643339157104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling", "display_name": "Scaling", "score": 0.6077470779418945}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-free-network", "display_name": "Scale-free network", "score": 0.5824725031852722}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.5255807042121887}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/topology", "display_name": "Topology (electrical circuits)", "score": 0.5054037570953369}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/preferential-attachment", "display_name": "Preferential attachment", "score": 0.4949302077293396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "score": 0.42362871766090393}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/random-graph", "display_name": "Random graph", "score": 0.41116607189178467}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "score": 0.34403011202812195}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.2820283770561218}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics", "display_name": "Combinatorics", "score": 0.2163357138633728}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/physics", "display_name": "Physics", "score": 0.20359042286872864}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/graph", "display_name": "Graph", "score": 0.14097484946250916}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "score": 0.08087250590324402}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C80899671", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304193", "display_name": "Vertex (graph theory)", "level": 3, "score": 0.6619867086410522}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C34947359", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189", "display_name": "Complex network", "level": 2, "score": 0.6535643339157104}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C99844830", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924", "display_name": "Scaling", "level": 2, "score": 0.6077470779418945}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C25580894", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071058", "display_name": "Scale-free network", "level": 3, "score": 0.5824725031852722}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5255807042121887}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C184720557", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049", "display_name": "Topology (electrical circuits)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5054037570953369}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780600066", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239828", "display_name": "Preferential attachment", "level": 3, "score": 0.4949302077293396}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C80444323", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "level": 1, "score": 0.42362871766090393}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C47458327", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910404", "display_name": "Random graph", "level": 3, "score": 0.41116607189178467}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121864883", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916", "display_name": "Statistical physics", "level": 1, "score": 0.34403011202812195}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.2820283770561218}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C114614502", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592", "display_name": "Combinatorics", "level": 1, "score": 0.2163357138633728}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.20359042286872864}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C132525143", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488", "display_name": "Graph", "level": 2, "score": 0.14097484946250916}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466", "display_name": "World Wide Web", "level": 1, "score": 0.08087250590324402}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 6, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1126/science.286.5439.509", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5439.509", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S3880285", "display_name": "Science", "issn_l": "0036-8075", "issn": ["0036-8075", "1095-9203"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315823", "host_organization_name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Association for the Advancement of Science"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:10521342", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10521342", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Science (New York, N.Y.)", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:cond-mat/9910332", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9910332", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9910332", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.305.7919", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.305.7919", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9910332v1.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.401.2501", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.401.2501", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://didawiki.cli.di.unipi.it/lib/exe/fetch.php/wma/bamodel.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.719.7426", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.719.7426", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/%7Eniloy/COURSE/Spring2006/CNT/Resource/ba-model.pdf", "raw_type": "text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:cond-mat/9910332", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9910332", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9910332", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16", "display_name": "Peace, Justice and strong institutions", "score": 0.800000011920929}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": true, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"pdf": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2008620264.pdf", "grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2008620264.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 19, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W201336350", "https://openalex.org/W950821216", "https://openalex.org/W1574634131", "https://openalex.org/W1631803961", "https://openalex.org/W1643412971", "https://openalex.org/W1659541576", "https://openalex.org/W1971788485", "https://openalex.org/W2036365790", "https://openalex.org/W2062021443", "https://openalex.org/W2089192108", "https://openalex.org/W2112090702", "https://openalex.org/W2114499604", "https://openalex.org/W2121821841", "https://openalex.org/W2147164982", "https://openalex.org/W2769133055", "https://openalex.org/W2905110430", "https://openalex.org/W3150652636", "https://openalex.org/W4236428370", "https://openalex.org/W4248853173"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3158371081", "https://openalex.org/W2922108232", "https://openalex.org/W1945989287", "https://openalex.org/W2088554646", "https://openalex.org/W1566413000", "https://openalex.org/W2944759572", "https://openalex.org/W2373100292", "https://openalex.org/W212696416", "https://openalex.org/W1977585052", "https://openalex.org/W3125380556"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Systems": [0], "as": [1, 3, 14], "diverse": [2], "genetic": [4], "networks": [5, 15, 25, 49, 91], "or": [6], "the": [7, 28, 53, 79, 87, 101, 104], "World": [8], "Wide": [9], "Web": [10], "are": [11, 67], "best": [12], "described": [13], "with": [16], "complex": [17], "topology.": [18], "A": [19, 71], "common": [20], "property": [21], "of": [22, 44, 55, 89, 103], "many": [23], "large": [24, 90], "is": [26, 92], "that": [27, 66, 86, 98], "vertex": [29], "connectivities": [30], "follow": [31], "a": [32, 42], "scale-free": [33, 82], "power-law": [34], "distribution.": [35], "This": [36], "feature": [37], "was": [38], "found": [39], "to": [40, 64], "be": [41], "consequence": [43], "two": [45, 76], "generic": [46], "mechanisms:": [47], "(i)": [48], "expand": [50], "continuously": [51], "by": [52, 94], "addition": [54], "new": [56, 60], "vertices,": [57], "and": [58], "(ii)": [59], "vertices": [61], "attach": [62], "preferentially": [63], "sites": [65], "already": [68], "well": [69], "connected.": [70], "model": [72], "based": [73], "on": [74], "these": [75], "ingredients": [77], "reproduces": [78], "observed": [80], "stationary": [81], "distributions,": [83], "which": [84], "indicates": [85], "development": [88], "governed": [93], "robust": [95], "self-organizing": [96], "phenomena": [97], "go": [99], "beyond": [100], "particulars": [102], "individual": [105], "systems.": [106]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 325}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1417}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 1438}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 1483}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1696}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1915}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1843}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1910}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1997}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1917}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1916}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2029}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2079}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1959}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1883}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W3015634246", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2344428", "title": "Multivariate Data Analysis.", "display_name": "Multivariate Data Analysis.", "publication_year": 1973, "publication_date": "1973-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3015634246", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2344428", "mag": "3015634246"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.2307/2344428", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2344428", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210239914", "display_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General)", "issn_l": "0035-9238", "issn": ["0035-9238", "2397-2327"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General)", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045572462", "display_name": "H. Herne", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "H. Herne", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113386915", "display_name": "William W. Cooley", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "William W. Cooley", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108567967", "display_name": "Paul R. Lohnes", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Paul R. Lohnes", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5045572462"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 37.2133, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 35854, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99917458, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 97, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "136", "issue": "1", "first_page": "101", "last_page": "101"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11871", "display_name": "Advanced Statistical Methods and Models", "score": 0.12700000405311584, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11871", "display_name": "Advanced Statistical Methods and Models", "score": 0.12700000405311584, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13141", "display_name": "Statistical Methods and Applications", "score": 0.12520000338554382, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14351", "display_name": "Statistical and Computational Modeling", "score": 0.10890000313520432, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics", "display_name": "Multivariate statistics", "score": 0.7816689014434814}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.6473204493522644}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-analysis", "display_name": "Multivariate analysis", "score": 0.593376636505127}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrapping", "display_name": "Bootstrapping (finance)", "score": 0.520648181438446}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/univariate", "display_name": "Univariate", "score": 0.5079603791236877}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining", "display_name": "Data mining", "score": 0.5078025460243225}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis", "display_name": "Linear discriminant analysis", "score": 0.47632724046707153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-analysis-of-variance", "display_name": "Multivariate analysis of variance", "score": 0.4509328603744507}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/correspondence-analysis", "display_name": "Correspondence analysis", "score": 0.4130042791366577}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.38120517134666443}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.32892024517059326}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning", "display_name": "Machine learning", "score": 0.2836523652076721}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics", "display_name": "Econometrics", "score": 0.2794840335845947}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.2327175736427307}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C161584116", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580", "display_name": "Multivariate statistics", "level": 2, "score": 0.7816689014434814}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.6473204493522644}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C38180746", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580", "display_name": "Multivariate analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.593376636505127}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C207609745", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4944086", "display_name": "Bootstrapping (finance)", "level": 2, "score": 0.520648181438446}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199163554", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1681619", "display_name": "Univariate", "level": 3, "score": 0.5079603791236877}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.5078025460243225}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C69738355", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929", "display_name": "Linear discriminant analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.47632724046707153}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C192424360", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929408", "display_name": "Multivariate analysis of variance", "level": 2, "score": 0.4509328603744507}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C148298330", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784754", "display_name": "Correspondence analysis", "level": 2, "score": 0.4130042791366577}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.38120517134666443}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.32892024517059326}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.2836523652076721}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039", "display_name": "Econometrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.2794840335845947}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.2327175736427307}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.2307/2344428", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2344428", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210239914", "display_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General)", "issn_l": "0035-9238", "issn": ["0035-9238", "2397-2327"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General)", "raw_type": "journal-article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10", "display_name": "Reduced inequalities", "score": 0.699999988079071}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1534274833", "https://openalex.org/W2899206237", "https://openalex.org/W3117246195", "https://openalex.org/W2371153315", "https://openalex.org/W2263152475", "https://openalex.org/W2138153301", "https://openalex.org/W2073029688", "https://openalex.org/W2053542176", "https://openalex.org/W2299583982", "https://openalex.org/W4248917529"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Offers": [0], "an": [1, 65], "applications-oriented": [2, 39], "approach": [3], "to": [4, 41, 75, 92, 104, 111], "multivariate": [5, 42], "data": [6, 80, 83], "analysis,": [7], "focusing": [8], "on": [9, 45], "the": [10, 36, 46, 51, 58, 62, 99], "use": [11, 52], "of": [12, 53, 61, 67, 98, 101, 108, 114, 147, 183], "each": [13], "technique,": [14], "rather": [15, 56], "than": [16, 57], "its": [17], "mathematical": [18, 59], "derivation.": [19], "The": [20], "text": [21], "introduces": [22], "a": [23, 94], "six-step": [24], "framework": [25], "for": [26, 33, 35], "organizing": [27], "and": [28, 70, 82, 87, 103, 141], "discussing": [29], "techniques": [30, 55, 69, 109], "with": [31], "flowcharts": [32], "each.\n\nWell-suited": [34], "non-statistician,": [37], "this": [38], "introduction": [40], "analysis": [43, 102], "focuses": [44], "fundamental": [47], "concepts": [48], "that": [49, 72], "affect": [50], "specific": [54], "derivation": [60], "technique.": [63], "Provides": [64], "overview": [66], "several": [68], "approaches": [71], "are": [73, 90], "available": [74], "analysts": [76], "today": [77], "-": [78], "e.g.,": [79], "warehousing": [81], "mining,": [84], "neural": [85], "networks": [86], "resampling/bootstrapping.": [88], "Chapters": [89], "organized": [91], "provide": [93], "practical,": [95], "logical": [96], "progression": [97], "phases": [100], "group": [105], "similar": [106], "types": [107], "applicable": [110], "most": [112], "situations.\n\n\n\nTable": [113], "Contents": [115], "\n\n1.": [116], "Introduction.": [117], "\n\nI.": [118], "PREPARING": [119], "FOR": [120], "A": [121], "MULTIVARIATE": [122], "ANALYSIS.": [123], "\n\n2.": [124], "Examining": [125], "Your": [126], "Data.": [127], "\n\n3.": [128], "Factor": [129], "Analysis.": [130, 151, 155, 161, 179, 186], "\n\nII.": [131], "DEPENDENCE": [132], "TECHNIQUES.": [133, 158, 169], "\n\n4.": [134], "Multiple": [135, 138], "Regression.": [136, 143], "\n\n5.": [137], "Discriminant": [139], "Analysis": [140, 146], "Logistic": [142], "\n\n6.": [144], "Multivariate": [145, 178, 184], "Variance.": [148], "\n\n7.": [149], "Conjoint": [150], "\n\n8.": [152], "Canonical": [153], "Correlation": [154], "\n\nIII.": [156], "INTERDEPENDENCE": [157], "\n\n9.": [159], "Cluster": [160], "\n\n10.": [162], "Multidimensional": [163], "Scaling.": [164], "\n\nIV.": [165], "ADVANCED": [166], "AND": [167], "EMERGING": [168], "\n\n11.": [170], "Structural": [171], "Equation": [172], "Modeling.": [173], "\n\n12.": [174], "Emerging": [175], "Techniques": [176], "in": [177], "\n\nAppendix": [180], "A:": [181], "Applications": [182], "Data": [185], "\n\nIndex.": [187]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 4}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 11}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 7}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 23}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 2071}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2268}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2093}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2106}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1976}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2269}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 2708}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 2687}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 2501}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 2277}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2134967712", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.21334", "title": "AutoDock Vina: Improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading", "display_name": "AutoDock Vina: Improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading", "publication_year": 2009, "publication_date": "2009-06-04", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2134967712", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.21334", "mag": "2134967712", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19499576"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/jcc.21334", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.21334", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jcc.21334", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S21117631", "display_name": "Journal of Computational Chemistry", "issn_l": "0192-8651", "issn": ["0192-8651", "1096-987X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Computational Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jcc.21334", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056022653", "display_name": "Oleg Trott", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I123431417", "display_name": "Scripps Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/02dxx6824", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I123431417"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Oleg Trott", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA", "Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla California, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I123431417"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla California, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I123431417"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058956938", "display_name": "Arthur J. Olson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0558-4618"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I123431417", "display_name": "Scripps Research Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/02dxx6824", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I123431417"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Arthur J. Olson", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I123431417"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5058956938"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I123431417"], "apc_list": {"value": 4840, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4840}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 224.4588, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 35784, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "31", "issue": "2", "first_page": "455", "last_page": "461"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10211", "display_name": "Computational Drug Discovery Methods", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1703", "display_name": "Computational Theory and Mathematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10211", "display_name": "Computational Drug Discovery Methods", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1703", "display_name": "Computational Theory and Mathematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10044", "display_name": "Protein Structure and Dynamics", "score": 0.9987000226974487, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11948", "display_name": "Machine Learning in Materials Science", "score": 0.9968000054359436, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2505", "display_name": "Materials Chemistry"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/autodock", "display_name": "AutoDock", "score": 0.9046612977981567}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/multithreading", "display_name": "Multithreading", "score": 0.8171991109848022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.758578896522522}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing", "display_name": "Parallel computing", "score": 0.6117604970932007}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/grid", "display_name": "Grid", "score": 0.5036661028862}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/software", "display_name": "Software", "score": 0.44929659366607666}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/docking", "display_name": "Docking (animal)", "score": 0.4337516725063324}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system", "display_name": "Operating system", "score": 0.27929356694221497}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.1249125599861145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry", "display_name": "Chemistry", "score": 0.12061074376106262}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/thread", "display_name": "Thread (computing)", "score": 0.08640816807746887}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780152424", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826062", "display_name": "AutoDock", "level": 4, "score": 0.9046612977981567}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C201410400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064412", "display_name": "Multithreading", "level": 3, "score": 0.8171991109848022}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.758578896522522}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C173608175", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661", "display_name": "Parallel computing", "level": 1, "score": 0.6117604970932007}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C187691185", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720", "display_name": "Grid", "level": 2, "score": 0.5036661028862}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397", "display_name": "Software", "level": 2, "score": 0.44929659366607666}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41685203", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1974042", "display_name": "Docking (animal)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4337516725063324}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135", "display_name": "Operating system", "level": 1, "score": 0.27929356694221497}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.1249125599861145}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.12061074376106262}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C138101251", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092", "display_name": "Thread (computing)", "level": 2, "score": 0.08640816807746887}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087", "display_name": "Geometry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190", "display_name": "Medicine", "level": 0, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094", "display_name": "Biochemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775905019", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192572", "display_name": "In silico", "level": 3, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176", "display_name": "Nursing", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000465", "descriptor_name": "Algorithms", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001331", "descriptor_name": "Automation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001331", "descriptor_name": "Automation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001331", "descriptor_name": "Automation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001331", "descriptor_name": "Automation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001665", "descriptor_name": "Binding Sites", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001665", "descriptor_name": "Binding Sites", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001665", "descriptor_name": "Binding Sites", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D001665", "descriptor_name": "Binding Sites", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006860", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogen Bonding", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006860", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogen Bonding", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006860", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogen Bonding", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006860", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogen Bonding", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008024", "descriptor_name": "Ligands", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008024", "descriptor_name": "Ligands", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008024", "descriptor_name": "Ligands", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008024", "descriptor_name": "Ligands", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012680", "descriptor_name": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012997", "descriptor_name": "Solvents", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012997", "descriptor_name": "Solvents", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012997", "descriptor_name": "Solvents", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012997", "descriptor_name": "Solvents", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013816", "descriptor_name": "Thermodynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013816", "descriptor_name": "Thermodynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013816", "descriptor_name": "Thermodynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013816", "descriptor_name": "Thermodynamics", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D013997", "descriptor_name": "Time Factors", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D019295", "descriptor_name": "Computational Biology", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D056004", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Dynamics Simulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D056004", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Dynamics Simulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D056004", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Dynamics Simulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D056004", "descriptor_name": "Molecular Dynamics Simulation", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D057927", "descriptor_name": "Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D057927", "descriptor_name": "Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D057927", "descriptor_name": "Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D057927", "descriptor_name": "Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1002/jcc.21334", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.21334", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jcc.21334", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S21117631", "display_name": "Journal of Computational Chemistry", "issn_l": "0192-8651", "issn": ["0192-8651", "1096-987X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Computational Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:19499576", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19499576", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of computational chemistry", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.653.9279", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.653.9279", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3041641/pdf/nihms270965.pdf?origin%3Dpublication_detail", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3041641", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3041641", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "J Comput Chem", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1002/jcc.21334", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.21334", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jcc.21334", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S21117631", "display_name": "Journal of Computational Chemistry", "issn_l": "0192-8651", "issn": ["0192-8651", "1096-987X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595", "host_organization_name": "Wiley", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Wiley"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Computational Chemistry", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/G2042374108", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "R01GM069832", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "funder_display_name": "National Institutes of Health"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G3611247453", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "R01GM", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "funder_display_name": "National Institutes of Health"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/G5883408103", "display_name": null, "funder_award_id": "GM069832", "funder_id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "funder_display_name": "National Institutes of Health"}], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2134967712.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 24, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1497256448", "https://openalex.org/W1544444602", "https://openalex.org/W1988111902", "https://openalex.org/W1993046136", "https://openalex.org/W2006672883", "https://openalex.org/W2017829285", "https://openalex.org/W2024060531", "https://openalex.org/W2029087609", "https://openalex.org/W2092285329", "https://openalex.org/W2096914244", "https://openalex.org/W2105668062", "https://openalex.org/W2109364787", "https://openalex.org/W2117174233", "https://openalex.org/W2117620409", "https://openalex.org/W2128332459", "https://openalex.org/W2150618478", "https://openalex.org/W2152195021", "https://openalex.org/W2152964937", "https://openalex.org/W2158534713", "https://openalex.org/W2167041509", "https://openalex.org/W2177551934", "https://openalex.org/W3029645440", "https://openalex.org/W4232223209", "https://openalex.org/W4293775970"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2058674645", "https://openalex.org/W1594539819", "https://openalex.org/W2766845742", "https://openalex.org/W2007257620", "https://openalex.org/W4213038553", "https://openalex.org/W2130867670", "https://openalex.org/W1984029386", "https://openalex.org/W4312202637", "https://openalex.org/W2136513242", "https://openalex.org/W2336040088"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"AutoDock": [0, 13, 57, 72], "Vina,": [1], "a": [2, 84], "new": [3], "program": [4], "for": [5], "molecular": [6, 26], "docking": [7, 27], "and": [8, 79], "virtual": [9], "screening,": [10], "is": [11, 62], "presented.": [12], "Vina": [14, 73], "achieves": [15], "an": [16], "approximately": [17], "two": [18], "orders": [19], "of": [20, 42], "magnitude": [21], "speed-up": [22, 61], "compared": [23], "with": [24], "the": [25, 40, 43, 52, 76, 81, 88], "software": [28], "previously": [29], "developed": [30], "in": [31, 56, 83], "our": [32, 49], "lab": [33], "(AutoDock": [34], "4),": [35], "while": [36], "also": [37], "significantly": [38], "improving": [39], "accuracy": [41], "binding": [44], "mode": [45], "predictions,": [46], "judging": [47], "by": [48, 66], "tests": [50], "on": [51, 69], "training": [53], "set": [54], "used": [55], "4": [58], "development.": [59], "Further": [60], "achieved": [63], "from": [64], "parallelism,": [65], "using": [67], "multithreading": [68], "multicore": [70], "machines.": [71], "automatically": [74], "calculates": [75], "grid": [77], "maps": [78], "clusters": [80], "results": [82], "way": [85], "transparent": [86], "to": [87], "user.": [89]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1386}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 5292}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 5002}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4422}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4376}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3836}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 3106}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1898}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1579}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1232}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1036}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 831}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 614}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 507}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 345}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2187089797", "doi": null, "title": "Visualizing Data using t-SNE", "display_name": "Visualizing Data using t-SNE", "publication_year": 2008, "publication_date": "2008-01-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2187089797", "mag": "2187089797"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "mag:2187089797", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://isplab.tudelft.nl/sites/default/files/vandermaaten08a.pdf", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S118988714", "display_name": "Journal of Machine Learning Research", "issn_l": "1532-4435", "issn": ["1532-4435", "1533-7928"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315718", "host_organization_name": "The MIT Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["The MIT Press"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Machine Learning Research", "raw_type": null}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": [], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109065097", "display_name": "Laurens van der Maaten", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Laurens van der Maaten", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108093963", "display_name": "Geoffrey E. Hinton", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Geoffrey E. Hinton", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5109065097"], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 57.4627, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 35715, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99942084, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 96, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "9", "issue": "86", "first_page": "2579", "last_page": "2605"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10799", "display_name": "Data Visualization and Analytics", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10799", "display_name": "Data Visualization and Analytics", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10637", "display_name": "Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research", "score": 0.9879999756813049, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11106", "display_name": "Data Management and Algorithms", "score": 0.9876000285148621, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1711", "display_name": "Signal Processing"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/isomap", "display_name": "Isomap", "score": 0.8972924947738647}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.7685401439666748}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding", "display_name": "Embedding", "score": 0.7598822116851807}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization", "display_name": "Visualization", "score": 0.6494172811508179}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-dimensionality-reduction", "display_name": "Nonlinear dimensionality reduction", "score": 0.4603756070137024}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/variety", "display_name": "Variety (cybernetics)", "score": 0.4308721721172333}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "score": 0.4289044141769409}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction", "display_name": "Dimensionality reduction", "score": 0.3775068521499634}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "score": 0.3688298463821411}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining", "display_name": "Data mining", "score": 0.3292286992073059}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "score": 0.32096347212791443}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778626561", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6086067", "display_name": "Isomap", "level": 4, "score": 0.8972924947738647}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.7685401439666748}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41608201", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509", "display_name": "Embedding", "level": 2, "score": 0.7598822116851807}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C36464697", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553", "display_name": "Visualization", "level": 2, "score": 0.6494172811508179}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C151876577", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049464", "display_name": "Nonlinear dimensionality reduction", "level": 3, "score": 0.4603756070137024}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C136197465", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295", "display_name": "Variety (cybernetics)", "level": 2, "score": 0.4308721721172333}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660", "display_name": "Artificial intelligence", "level": 1, "score": 0.4289044141769409}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70518039", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077", "display_name": "Dimensionality reduction", "level": 2, "score": 0.3775068521499634}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389", "display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.3688298463821411}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491", "display_name": "Data mining", "level": 1, "score": 0.3292286992073059}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C80444323", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974", "display_name": "Theoretical computer science", "level": 1, "score": 0.32096347212791443}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 1, "locations": [{"id": "mag:2187089797", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://isplab.tudelft.nl/sites/default/files/vandermaaten08a.pdf", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S118988714", "display_name": "Journal of Machine Learning Research", "issn_l": "1532-4435", "issn": ["1532-4435", "1533-7928"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315718", "host_organization_name": "The MIT Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["The MIT Press"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": null, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Machine Learning Research", "raw_type": null}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11", "display_name": "Sustainable cities and communities", "score": 0.7099999785423279}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 35, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W101236918", "https://openalex.org/W1515707356", "https://openalex.org/W1539175566", "https://openalex.org/W1587720067", "https://openalex.org/W1697082725", "https://openalex.org/W1742512077", "https://openalex.org/W1988464212", "https://openalex.org/W1993436046", "https://openalex.org/W2001141328", "https://openalex.org/W2017588182", "https://openalex.org/W2053186076", "https://openalex.org/W2065281378", "https://openalex.org/W2071128523", "https://openalex.org/W2072128103", "https://openalex.org/W2076137473", "https://openalex.org/W2100495367", "https://openalex.org/W2104780023", "https://openalex.org/W2107039700", "https://openalex.org/W2117684310", "https://openalex.org/W2119111481", "https://openalex.org/W2120481923", "https://openalex.org/W2122837498", "https://openalex.org/W2125637308", "https://openalex.org/W2126415191", "https://openalex.org/W2134312057", "https://openalex.org/W2137570937", "https://openalex.org/W2139823104", "https://openalex.org/W2155161883", "https://openalex.org/W2156287497", "https://openalex.org/W2156718197", "https://openalex.org/W2157444450", "https://openalex.org/W2158307450", "https://openalex.org/W2160208155", "https://openalex.org/W2167064216", "https://openalex.org/W2169507824"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W3118608800", "https://openalex.org/W2964121744", "https://openalex.org/W2950577311", "https://openalex.org/W2919115771", "https://openalex.org/W2786672974", "https://openalex.org/W2250539671", "https://openalex.org/W2194775991", "https://openalex.org/W2163605009", "https://openalex.org/W2153579005", "https://openalex.org/W2117539524", "https://openalex.org/W2112796928", "https://openalex.org/W2108598243", "https://openalex.org/W2101234009", "https://openalex.org/W2100495367", "https://openalex.org/W2099471712", "https://openalex.org/W2095705004", "https://openalex.org/W2064675550", "https://openalex.org/W2053186076", "https://openalex.org/W2001141328", "https://openalex.org/W1686810756"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"We": [0, 149], "present": [1], "a": [2, 15, 18, 26, 69, 142, 156], "new": [3], "technique": [4, 24], "called": [5], "\u201ct-SNE\u201d": [6], "that": [7, 36, 72, 86], "visualizes": [8], "high-dimensional": [9, 84], "data": [10, 85, 135, 146], "by": [11, 47, 181, 189], "giving": [12], "each": [13], "datapoint": [14], "location": [16], "in": [17, 55, 140], "two": [19], "or": [20], "three-dimensional": [21], "map.": [22, 60], "The": [23, 178], "is": [25, 37, 62, 80, 147], "variation": [27], "of": [28, 58, 98, 111, 131, 133, 144, 153, 159, 196], "Stochastic": [29], "Neighbor": [30], "Embedding": [31], "(Hinton": [32], "and": [33, 42, 161, 174], "Roweis,": [34], "2002)": [35], "much": [38], "easier": [39], "to": [40, 51, 126, 136], "optimize,": [41], "produces": [43], "significantly": [44, 184], "better": [45, 63, 185], "visualizations": [46, 179], "reducing": [48], "the": [49, 56, 59, 109, 128, 134, 138, 145, 151, 190, 197], "tendency": [50], "crowd": [52], "points": [53], "together": [54], "center": [57], "t-SNE": [61, 118, 154, 182], "than": [64, 186], "existing": [65], "techniques": [66, 192], "at": [67, 75], "creating": [68], "single": [70], "map": [71], "reveals": [73], "structure": [74, 110, 130], "many": [76, 165], "different": [77], "scales.": [78], "This": [79], "particularly": [81], "important": [82], "for": [83], "lie": [87], "on": [88, 123, 155, 193], "several": [89], "different,": [90], "but": [91], "related,": [92], "low-dimensional": [93], "manifolds,": [94], "such": [95], "as": [96], "images": [97], "objects": [99], "from": [100, 104], "multiple": [101, 105], "classes": [102], "seen": [103], "viewpoints.": [106], "For": [107], "visualizing": [108], "very": [112], "large": [113], "datasets,": [114], "we": [115], "show": [116], "how": [117], "can": [119], "use": [120], "random": [121], "walks": [122], "neighborhood": [124], "graphs": [125], "allow": [127], "implicit": [129], "all": [132, 195], "influence": [137], "way": [139], "which": [141], "subset": [143], "displayed.": [148], "illustrate": [150], "performance": [152], "wide": [157], "variety": [158], "datasets": [160], "compare": [162], "it": [163], "with": [164], "other": [166, 191], "non-parametric": [167], "visualization": [168], "techniques,": [169], "including": [170], "Sammon": [171], "mapping,": [172], "Isomap,": [173], "Locally": [175], "Linear": [176], "Embedding.": [177], "produced": [180, 188], "are": [183], "those": [187], "almost": [194], "datasets.": [198]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 1}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 2239}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 4181}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 4967}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 4158}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 5745}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4956}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 3798}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2401}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1483}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 793}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 407}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 222}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 119}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 82}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2072970694", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.f.303", "title": "QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data", "display_name": "QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data", "publication_year": 2010, "publication_date": "2010-04-11", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2072970694", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.f.303", "mag": "2072970694", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20383131"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/nmeth.f.303", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.f.303", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127827428", "display_name": "Nature Methods", "issn_l": "1548-7091", "issn": ["1548-7091", "1548-7105"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "letter", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038626201", "display_name": "J. Gregory Caporaso", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8865-1670"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "J Gregory Caporaso", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder,,USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder,,USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058269883", "display_name": "Justin Kuczynski", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Justin Kuczynski", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060535917", "display_name": "Jesse Stombaugh", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9631-0748"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jesse Stombaugh", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder,,USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder,,USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5066967353", "display_name": "Kyle Bittinger", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3472-5934"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I79576946", "display_name": "University of Pennsylvania", "ror": "https://ror.org/00b30xv10", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kyle Bittinger", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA", "Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5016535188", "display_name": "Frederic D. Bushman", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4740-4056"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I79576946", "display_name": "University of Pennsylvania", "ror": "https://ror.org/00b30xv10", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Frederic D Bushman", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA", "Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068609634", "display_name": "Elizabeth K. Costello", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-2931"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Elizabeth K Costello", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder,,USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder,,USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090803123", "display_name": "Noah Fierer", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-4261"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I161675122", "display_name": "Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/00bdqav06", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1308126019", "https://openalex.org/I1343035065", "https://openalex.org/I161675122", "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Noah Fierer", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I161675122"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I161675122", "https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002676856", "display_name": "Antonio Gonz\u00e1lez Pe\u00f1a", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Antonio Gonzalez Pe\u00f1a", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056352168", "display_name": "Julia K. Goodrich", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0480-1924"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Julia K Goodrich", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5063884903", "display_name": "Jeffrey I. Gordon", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8304-3548"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204465549", "display_name": "Washington University in St. Louis", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yc7t268", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jeffrey I Gordon", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA", "Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5091335490", "display_name": "Gavin Huttley", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7224-2074"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I118347636", "display_name": "Australian National University", "ror": "https://ror.org/019wvm592", "country_code": "AU", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}], "countries": ["AU"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gavin A Huttley", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computational Genomics Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computational Genomics Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5049973896", "display_name": "Scott T. Kelley", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9547-4169"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I26538001", "display_name": "San Diego State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0264fdx42", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Scott T Kelley", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA", "Department of Biology San Diego State, University San Diego, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biology San Diego State, University San Diego, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5082358375", "display_name": "Dan Knights", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8205-2511"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Dan Knights", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056719307", "display_name": "Jeremy E. Koenig", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "display_name": "Cornell University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bnh6r87", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jeremy E Koenig", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA", "Department of Microbiology Cornell University Ithaca USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Microbiology Cornell University Ithaca USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5066589732", "display_name": "Ruth E. Ley", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9087-1672"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "display_name": "Cornell University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05bnh6r87", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ruth E Ley", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA", "Department of Microbiology Cornell University Ithaca USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Microbiology Cornell University Ithaca USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5086938254", "display_name": "Catherine Lozupone", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-7202"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Catherine A Lozupone", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder,,USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder,,USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022461817", "display_name": "Daniel McDonald", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0876-9060"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Daniel McDonald", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder,,USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder,,USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5081824427", "display_name": "Brian D. Muegge", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0044-3704"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204465549", "display_name": "Washington University in St. Louis", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yc7t268", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Brian D Muegge", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA", "Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058228910", "display_name": "Meg Pirrung", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Meg Pirrung", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder,,USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder,,USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5112342016", "display_name": "Jens Reeder", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jens Reeder", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder,,USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder,,USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038465847", "display_name": "Joel Sevinsky", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0512-2827"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210157555", "display_name": "Native American Technologies (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/04h6dxr28", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210157555"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Joel R Sevinsky", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Luca Technologies, Golden, Colorado, USA", "Luca Technologies, Golden, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Luca Technologies, Golden, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210157555"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Luca Technologies, Golden, USA", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079232459", "display_name": "Peter J. Turnbaugh", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0888-2875"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204465549", "display_name": "Washington University in St. Louis", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yc7t268", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Peter J Turnbaugh", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA", "Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084222883", "display_name": "William A. Walters", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-3984"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "William A Walters", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079552180", "display_name": "Jeremy Widmann", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jeremy Widmann", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder,,USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder,,USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038876085", "display_name": "Tanya Yatsunenko", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204465549", "display_name": "Washington University in St. Louis", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yc7t268", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tanya Yatsunenko", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA", "Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037261939", "display_name": "Jesse Zaneveld", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9823-810X"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jesse Zaneveld", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5033881627", "display_name": "Rob Knight", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0975-9019"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I188538660", "display_name": "University of Colorado Boulder", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ttsq026", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I1344073410", "display_name": "Howard Hughes Medical Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/006w34k90", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Rob Knight", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boulder, USA", "Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boulder, Colorado, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boulder, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 2, "institutions_distinct_count": 27, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5038626201"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I188538660"], "apc_list": {"value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 162.0961, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 35680, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99997747, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "7", "issue": "5", "first_page": "335", "last_page": "336"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9972000122070312, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10015", "display_name": "Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies", "score": 0.9972000122070312, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11791", "display_name": "Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology", "score": 0.9919999837875366, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303", "display_name": "Ecology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10887", "display_name": "Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks", "score": 0.9714000225067139, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput", "display_name": "Throughput", "score": 0.6459513306617737}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-sequencing", "display_name": "DNA sequencing", "score": 0.5613970160484314}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.5422040820121765}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.42203304171562195}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.3838846683502197}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.21648186445236206}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dna", "display_name": "DNA", "score": 0.21480432152748108}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications", "display_name": "Telecommunications", "score": 0.1069248616695404}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C157764524", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412", "display_name": "Throughput", "level": 3, "score": 0.6459513306617737}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C51679486", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546", "display_name": "DNA sequencing", "level": 3, "score": 0.5613970160484314}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.5422040820121765}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.42203304171562195}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.3838846683502197}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.21648186445236206}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C552990157", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430", "display_name": "DNA", "level": 2, "score": 0.21480432152748108}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C76155785", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418", "display_name": "Telecommunications", "level": 1, "score": 0.1069248616695404}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C555944384", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249", "display_name": "Wireless", "level": 2, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D000818", "descriptor_name": "Animals", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005243", "descriptor_name": "Feces", "qualifier_ui": "Q000382", "qualifier_name": "microbiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005243", "descriptor_name": "Feces", "qualifier_ui": "Q000382", "qualifier_name": "microbiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005243", "descriptor_name": "Feces", "qualifier_ui": "Q000382", "qualifier_name": "microbiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D005243", "descriptor_name": "Feces", "qualifier_ui": "Q000382", "qualifier_name": "microbiology", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012336", "descriptor_name": "RNA, Ribosomal, 16S", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012336", "descriptor_name": "RNA, Ribosomal, 16S", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012336", "descriptor_name": "RNA, Ribosomal, 16S", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012336", "descriptor_name": "RNA, Ribosomal, 16S", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014429", "descriptor_name": "Twins, Dizygotic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014429", "descriptor_name": "Twins, Dizygotic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014429", "descriptor_name": "Twins, Dizygotic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014429", "descriptor_name": "Twins, Dizygotic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014430", "descriptor_name": "Twins, Monozygotic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014430", "descriptor_name": "Twins, Monozygotic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014430", "descriptor_name": "Twins, Monozygotic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D014430", "descriptor_name": "Twins, Monozygotic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017423", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, RNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017423", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, RNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017423", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, RNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D017423", "descriptor_name": "Sequence Analysis, RNA", "qualifier_ui": "Q000379", "qualifier_name": "methods", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D051379", "descriptor_name": "Mice", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1038/nmeth.f.303", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.f.303", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127827428", "display_name": "Nature Methods", "issn_l": "1548-7091", "issn": ["1548-7091", "1548-7105"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:20383131", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20383131", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature methods", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2162593", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3156573", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400806", "display_name": "Europe PMC (PubMed Central)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1303153112", "host_organization_name": "European Bioinformatics Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/39657", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/1885/39657", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402539", "display_name": "ANU Open Research (Australian National University)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I118347636", "host_organization_name": "Australian National University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I118347636"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Nature Methods: techniques for life scientists and chemists", "raw_type": "Journal article"}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 6, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1969435169", "https://openalex.org/W2082869937", "https://openalex.org/W2108718991", "https://openalex.org/W2143980572", "https://openalex.org/W2155066423", "https://openalex.org/W2171571559"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2748952813", "https://openalex.org/W2082860237", "https://openalex.org/W2119695867", "https://openalex.org/W2130076355", "https://openalex.org/W1990804418", "https://openalex.org/W1993764875", "https://openalex.org/W2788277189", "https://openalex.org/W2013243191", "https://openalex.org/W2151865869", "https://openalex.org/W2117258802"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 325}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 1507}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2241}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2534}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 3435}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 4054}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 4699}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 4280}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 3680}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 2879}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 2236}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1530}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1055}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 664}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 360}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W1973948212", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-3338", "title": "Applied logistic regression", "display_name": "Applied logistic regression", "publication_year": 1990, "publication_date": "1990-02-01", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1973948212", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-3338", "mag": "1973948212"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5860/choice.27-3338", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-3338", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764375719", "display_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "issn_l": "0009-4978", "issn": ["0009-4978", "1523-8253", "1943-5975"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "host_organization_name": "Association of College and Research Libraries", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "https://openalex.org/P4310315903"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association of College and Research Libraries", "American Library Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref"], "open_access": {"is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Hosmer, David W", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Hosmer, David W", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Lemeshow, Stanley", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lemeshow, Stanley", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Hosmer, David W", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hosmer, David W", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": []}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "institutions_distinct_count": 3, "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 251.4076, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 35656, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 1.0, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "27", "issue": "06", "first_page": "27", "last_page": "3338"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10410", "display_name": "COVID-19 epidemiological studies", "score": 0.04399999976158142, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2611", "display_name": "Modeling and Simulation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10410", "display_name": "COVID-19 epidemiological studies", "score": 0.04399999976158142, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2611", "display_name": "Modeling and Simulation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10845", "display_name": "Advanced Causal Inference Techniques", "score": 0.04010000079870224, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2613", "display_name": "Statistics and Probability"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/26", "display_name": "Mathematics"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression", "display_name": "Logistic regression", "score": 0.7654666900634766}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics", "display_name": "Statistics", "score": 0.46320641040802}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/regression", "display_name": "Regression", "score": 0.42766839265823364}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics", "display_name": "Mathematics", "score": 0.2910434603691101}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C151956035", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755", "display_name": "Logistic regression", "level": 2, "score": 0.7654666900634766}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.46320641040802}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C83546350", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051", "display_name": "Regression", "level": 2, "score": 0.42766839265823364}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.2910434603691101}], "mesh": [], "locations_count": 6, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.5860/choice.27-3338", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-3338", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764375719", "display_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "issn_l": "0009-4978", "issn": ["0009-4978", "1523-8253", "1943-5975"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "host_organization_name": "Association of College and Research Libraries", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310316146", "https://openalex.org/P4310315903"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association of College and Research Libraries", "American Library Association"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Choice Reviews Online", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009351524", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=009351524&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025470317", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=025470317&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "text"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027351681", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=471490", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "software, multimedia"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:1617284", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://cds.cern.ch/record/1617284", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402195", "display_name": "CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": ""}, {"id": "pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:2123284", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://cds.cern.ch/record/2123284", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402195", "display_name": "CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": ""}], "best_oa_location": null, "sustainable_development_goals": [{"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "display_name": "Good health and well-being", "score": 0.5699999928474426}], "awards": [], "funders": [], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": false}, "content_urls": null, "referenced_works_count": 0, "referenced_works": [], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2037668591", "https://openalex.org/W2347937125", "https://openalex.org/W1985231403", "https://openalex.org/W2623430991", "https://openalex.org/W2127072394", "https://openalex.org/W2075937340", "https://openalex.org/W1527971894", "https://openalex.org/W2046436540", "https://openalex.org/W2249402725", "https://openalex.org/W2031297073"], "abstract_inverted_index": {"A": [0], "new": [1], "edition": [2], "of": [3, 37, 51, 72], "the": [4, 28, 35, 42, 61, 70], "definitive": [5], "guide": [6], "to": [7, 27], "logistic": [8, 29], "regression": [9, 30], "modeling": [10], "for": [11], "health": [12, 62], "science": [13], "and": [14, 33, 48, 64], "other": [15], "applications": [16, 59], "This": [17], "thoroughly": [18], "expanded": [19], "Third": [20, 56], "Edition": [21, 57], "provides": [22, 78], "an": [23], "easily": [24], "accessible": [25], "introduction": [26], "(LR)": [31], "model": [32, 39], "highlights": [34], "power": [36], "this": [38], "by": [40], "examining": [41], "relationship": [43], "between": [44], "a": [45, 49], "dichotomous": [46], "outcome": [47], "set": [50], "covariables.": [52], "Applied": [53], "Logistic": [54], "Regression,": [55], "emphasizes": [58], "in": [60], "sciences": [63], "handpicks": [65], "topics": [66], "that": [67], "best": [68], "suit": [69], "use": [71], "modern": [73], "statistical": [74], "software.": [75], "The": [76], "book": [77], "readers": [79], "with": [80], "state-of-": [81]}, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 2}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 9}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 36}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 33}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 67}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1099}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 1223}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 1212}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1142}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1238}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1446}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1687}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1911}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1865}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1882}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W2161633633", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1086/519795", "title": "PLINK: A Tool Set for Whole-Genome Association and Population-Based Linkage Analyses", "display_name": "PLINK: A Tool Set for Whole-Genome Association and Population-Based Linkage Analyses", "publication_year": 2007, "publication_date": "2007-08-08", "ids": {"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2161633633", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1086/519795", "mag": "2161633633", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17701901"}, "language": "en", "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1086/519795", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1086/519795", "pdf_url": "http://www.cell.com/article/S0002929707613524/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134425043", "display_name": "The American Journal of Human Genetics", "issn_l": "0002-9297", "issn": ["0002-9297", "1537-6605"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The American Journal of Human Genetics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "type": "article", "indexed_in": ["crossref", "pubmed"], "open_access": {"is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "http://www.cell.com/article/S0002929707613524/pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true}, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5051460895", "display_name": "Shaun Purcell", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7402-5812"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210155419", "display_name": "Center for Systems Biology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05r3dyn47", "country_code": "US", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I136199984", "https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "https://openalex.org/I4210155419", "https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I63966007", "display_name": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/042nb2s44", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "display_name": "Center for Human Genetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/01gcrbc43", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "display_name": "Massachusetts General Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/002pd6e78", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Shaun Purcell", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. shaun@pngu.mgh.harvard.edu", "Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA", "Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. shaun@pngu.mgh.harvard.edu", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "https://openalex.org/I4210155419"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265", "https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015235673", "display_name": "Benjamin M. Neale", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-6077"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I124357947", "display_name": "University of London", "ror": "https://ror.org/04cw6st05", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I63966007", "display_name": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/042nb2s44", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}], "countries": ["GB", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Benjamin Neale", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA", "Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, London"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265", "https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, London", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5059286326", "display_name": "Katherine EO Todd-Brown", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-8130"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "display_name": "Massachusetts General Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/002pd6e78", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "display_name": "Center for Human Genetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/01gcrbc43", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kathe Todd-Brown", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5112983468", "display_name": "L. Odong Thomas", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "display_name": "Massachusetts General Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/002pd6e78", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "display_name": "Center for Human Genetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/01gcrbc43", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lori Thomas", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5074490470", "display_name": "Manuel A. R. Ferreira", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9059-1825"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "display_name": "Center for Human Genetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/01gcrbc43", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "display_name": "Massachusetts General Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/002pd6e78", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Manuel A.R. Ferreira", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5085836147", "display_name": "D.B. Bender", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6503-6221"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I63966007", "display_name": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/042nb2s44", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "display_name": "Massachusetts General Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/002pd6e78", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "display_name": "Center for Human Genetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/01gcrbc43", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David Bender", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston", "Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265", "https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026130275", "display_name": "Julian Maller", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1565-9559"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "display_name": "Massachusetts General Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/002pd6e78", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "display_name": "Center for Human Genetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/01gcrbc43", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I63966007", "display_name": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/042nb2s44", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Julian Maller", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston", "Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265", "https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113577680", "display_name": "Pamela Sklar", "orcid": null}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "display_name": "Massachusetts General Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/002pd6e78", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I63966007", "display_name": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/042nb2s44", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "display_name": "Center for Human Genetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/01gcrbc43", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pamela Sklar", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA", "Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265", "https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5066704276", "display_name": "Paul I. W. de Bakker", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7735-7858"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I63966007", "display_name": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/042nb2s44", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "display_name": "Center for Human Genetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/01gcrbc43", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "display_name": "Massachusetts General Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/002pd6e78", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Paul I.W. de Bakker", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston", "Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265", "https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5107596541", "display_name": "Mark J. Daly", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0949-8752"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "display_name": "Massachusetts General Hospital", "ror": "https://ror.org/002pd6e78", "country_code": "US", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I107606265", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142", "country_code": "US", "type": "funder", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "display_name": "Center for Human Genetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/01gcrbc43", "country_code": "US", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I63966007", "display_name": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/042nb2s44", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mark J. Daly", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA", "Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265", "https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018516395", "display_name": "Pak C. Sham", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2533-7270"}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I889458895", "display_name": "University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}], "countries": ["HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pak C. Sham", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Genome Research Center, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"], "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Genome Research Center, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}], "institutions": [], "countries_distinct_count": 3, "institutions_distinct_count": 11, "corresponding_author_ids": ["https://openalex.org/A5051460895"], "corresponding_institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I107606265", "https://openalex.org/I4210087915", "https://openalex.org/I4210105714", "https://openalex.org/I4210155419", "https://openalex.org/I63966007"], "apc_list": {"value": 5150, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 5150}, "apc_paid": null, "fwci": 337.6418, "has_fulltext": false, "cited_by_count": 35582, "citation_normalized_percentile": {"value": 0.99995899, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true}, "cited_by_percentile_year": {"min": 99, "max": 100}, "biblio": {"volume": "81", "issue": "3", "first_page": "559", "last_page": "575"}, "is_retracted": false, "is_paratext": false, "is_xpac": false, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10261", "display_name": "Genetic Associations and Epidemiology", "score": 0.9994000196456909, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311", "display_name": "Genetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10261", "display_name": "Genetic Associations and Epidemiology", "score": 0.9994000196456909, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311", "display_name": "Genetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11468", "display_name": "Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals", "score": 0.9987999796867371, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311", "display_name": "Genetics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10887", "display_name": "Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks", "score": 0.9868000149726868, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "keywords": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/linkage", "display_name": "Linkage (software)", "score": 0.734776496887207}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-association", "display_name": "Genetic association", "score": 0.5644809007644653}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-wide-association-study", "display_name": "Genome-wide association study", "score": 0.5477362275123596}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/association", "display_name": "Association (psychology)", "score": 0.5290378928184509}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/set", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "score": 0.509507954120636}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics", "display_name": "Genetics", "score": 0.48382964730262756}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/population", "display_name": "Population", "score": 0.471264123916626}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biology", "display_name": "Biology", "score": 0.45552951097488403}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology", "display_name": "Computational biology", "score": 0.42516443133354187}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/association-mapping", "display_name": "Association mapping", "score": 0.4169672727584839}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "score": 0.355482280254364}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science", "display_name": "Computer science", "score": 0.2913814187049866}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/single-nucleotide-polymorphism", "display_name": "Single-nucleotide polymorphism", "score": 0.2577076554298401}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology", "display_name": "Psychology", "score": 0.20606264472007751}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/gene", "display_name": "Gene", "score": 0.13498610258102417}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/demography", "display_name": "Demography", "score": 0.13320964574813843}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/genotype", "display_name": "Genotype", "score": 0.09801959991455078}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology", "display_name": "Sociology", "score": 0.07405346632003784}], "concepts": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/C31266012", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554340", "display_name": "Linkage (software)", "level": 3, "score": 0.734776496887207}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C186413461", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744727", "display_name": "Genetic association", "level": 5, "score": 0.5644809007644653}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C106208931", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098876", "display_name": "Genome-wide association study", "level": 5, "score": 0.5477362275123596}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C142853389", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778", "display_name": "Association (psychology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.5290378928184509}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "level": 2, "score": 0.509507954120636}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162", "display_name": "Genetics", "level": 1, "score": 0.48382964730262756}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603", "display_name": "Population", "level": 2, "score": 0.471264123916626}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.45552951097488403}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005", "display_name": "Computational biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.42516443133354187}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C134443026", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4809584", "display_name": "Association mapping", "level": 5, "score": 0.4169672727584839}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400", "display_name": "Evolutionary biology", "level": 1, "score": 0.355482280254364}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.2913814187049866}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C153209595", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128", "display_name": "Single-nucleotide polymorphism", "level": 4, "score": 0.2577076554298401}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418", "display_name": "Psychology", "level": 0, "score": 0.20606264472007751}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187", "display_name": "Gene", "level": 2, "score": 0.13498610258102417}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C149923435", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732", "display_name": "Demography", "level": 1, "score": 0.13320964574813843}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C135763542", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016", "display_name": "Genotype", "level": 3, "score": 0.09801959991455078}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201", "display_name": "Sociology", "level": 0, "score": 0.07405346632003784}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257", "display_name": "Psychotherapist", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0}], "mesh": [{"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D006801", "descriptor_name": "Humans", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008040", "descriptor_name": "Genetic Linkage", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008040", "descriptor_name": "Genetic Linkage", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008040", "descriptor_name": "Genetic Linkage", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D008040", "descriptor_name": "Genetic Linkage", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011153", "descriptor_name": "Population", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011153", "descriptor_name": "Population", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011153", "descriptor_name": "Population", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D011153", "descriptor_name": "Population", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D012984", "descriptor_name": "Software", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015894", "descriptor_name": "Genome, Human", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015894", "descriptor_name": "Genome, Human", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015894", "descriptor_name": "Genome, Human", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D015894", "descriptor_name": "Genome, Human", "qualifier_ui": "Q000235", "qualifier_name": "genetics", "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020641", "descriptor_name": "Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020641", "descriptor_name": "Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020641", "descriptor_name": "Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}, {"descriptor_ui": "D020641", "descriptor_name": "Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide", "qualifier_ui": null, "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false}], "locations_count": 4, "locations": [{"id": "doi:10.1086/519795", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1086/519795", "pdf_url": "http://www.cell.com/article/S0002929707613524/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134425043", "display_name": "The American Journal of Human Genetics", "issn_l": "0002-9297", "issn": ["0002-9297", "1537-6605"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The American Journal of Human Genetics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, {"id": "pmid:17701901", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17701901", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "American journal of human genetics", "raw_type": null}, {"id": "pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/81557", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10722/81557", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196271", "display_name": "The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I889458895", "host_organization_name": "University of Hong Kong", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "", "raw_type": "Article"}, {"id": "pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1950838", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1950838", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764455111", "display_name": "PubMed Central", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Am J Hum Genet", "raw_type": "Text"}], "best_oa_location": {"id": "doi:10.1086/519795", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1086/519795", "pdf_url": "http://www.cell.com/article/S0002929707613524/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S134425043", "display_name": "The American Journal of Human Genetics", "issn_l": "0002-9297", "issn": ["0002-9297", "1537-6605"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "The American Journal of Human Genetics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "sustainable_development_goals": [], "awards": [], "funders": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320310226", "display_name": "Genomic Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/05njgh475"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320314070", "display_name": "Broad Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/05a0ya142"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320322170", "display_name": "University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320332161", "display_name": "National Institutes of Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334705", "display_name": "National Health and Medical Research Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/011kf5r70"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320334737", "display_name": "National Medical Research Council", "ror": "https://ror.org/04x3cxs03"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337346", "display_name": "National Institute of Mental Health", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/F4320337359", "display_name": "National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke", "ror": "https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}], "has_content": {"pdf": false, "grobid_xml": true}, "content_urls": {"grobid_xml": "https://content.openalex.org/works/W2161633633.grobid-xml"}, "referenced_works_count": 47, "referenced_works": ["https://openalex.org/W1560012080", "https://openalex.org/W1841573652", "https://openalex.org/W1964100346", "https://openalex.org/W1966928698", "https://openalex.org/W1984941527", "https://openalex.org/W1987882116", "https://openalex.org/W1989679667", "https://openalex.org/W1998158007", "https://openalex.org/W2002374079", "https://openalex.org/W2008047653", "https://openalex.org/W2009144436", "https://openalex.org/W2039608769", "https://openalex.org/W2042103448", "https://openalex.org/W2045921037", "https://openalex.org/W2048755332", "https://openalex.org/W2051904003", "https://openalex.org/W2062298637", "https://openalex.org/W2066669827", "https://openalex.org/W2078343620", "https://openalex.org/W2078625752", "https://openalex.org/W2081872599", "https://openalex.org/W2091143313", "https://openalex.org/W2098126593", "https://openalex.org/W2102109283", "https://openalex.org/W2110065044", "https://openalex.org/W2110343195", "https://openalex.org/W2114044152", "https://openalex.org/W2118967025", "https://openalex.org/W2123466824", "https://openalex.org/W2125860227", "https://openalex.org/W2129559300", "https://openalex.org/W2134866233", "https://openalex.org/W2135678173", "https://openalex.org/W2141461000", "https://openalex.org/W2142752948", "https://openalex.org/W2143249342", "https://openalex.org/W2145739032", "https://openalex.org/W2150290224", "https://openalex.org/W2153362877", "https://openalex.org/W2157752701", "https://openalex.org/W2162530578", "https://openalex.org/W2169556112", "https://openalex.org/W3015688538", "https://openalex.org/W3148300490", "https://openalex.org/W4235844763", "https://openalex.org/W6633642972", "https://openalex.org/W6678883540"], "related_works": ["https://openalex.org/W2594299395", "https://openalex.org/W2066467839", "https://openalex.org/W2111842731", "https://openalex.org/W2170506381", "https://openalex.org/W2765794416", "https://openalex.org/W2039666944", "https://openalex.org/W1531630856", "https://openalex.org/W1486217206", "https://openalex.org/W1992310781", "https://openalex.org/W2794350630"], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "counts_by_year": [{"year": 2026, "cited_by_count": 697}, {"year": 2025, "cited_by_count": 3073}, {"year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 3786}, {"year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 3002}, {"year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 2940}, {"year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 3100}, {"year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2601}, {"year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2024}, {"year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 1866}, {"year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1828}, {"year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 1659}, {"year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 1673}, {"year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 1575}, {"year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 1393}, {"year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 1317}], "updated_date": "2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488", "created_date": "2025-10-10T00:00:00"}], "group_by": []}