{"meta": {"count": 453, "db_response_time_ms": 41, "page": 1, "per_page": 100, "groups_count": null, "x_query": {"oql": "get works where retracted is (false)\n  and year is (2025)\n  and title-abstract has ((stemmed \"AI accelerator\" OR stemmed \"deep learning accelerator\" OR stemmed \"hardware software co design\" OR stemmed \"neural network accelerator\" OR stemmed \"tensor processing unit\") AND (stemmed \"artificial intelligence\" OR stemmed \"deep learning\" OR stemmed \"machine learning\" OR stemmed \"neural network\"))\n  and type is (article or preprint or review);\nthen sample (453) of those works with seed (42)", "oqo": {"get_rows": "works", "filter_rows": [{"column_id": "is_retracted", "value": false}, {"column_id": "publication_year", "value": 2025}, {"join": "or", "filters": [{"column_id": "title_and_abstract.search", "value": "\"AI accelerator\"", "operator": "has"}, {"column_id": "title_and_abstract.search", "value": "\"deep learning accelerator\"", "operator": "has"}, {"column_id": "title_and_abstract.search", "value": "\"hardware software co design\"", "operator": "has"}, {"column_id": "title_and_abstract.search", "value": "\"neural network accelerator\"", "operator": "has"}, {"column_id": "title_and_abstract.search", "value": "\"tensor processing unit\"", "operator": "has"}]}, {"join": "or", "filters": [{"column_id": "title_and_abstract.search", "value": "\"artificial intelligence\"", "operator": "has"}, {"column_id": "title_and_abstract.search", "value": "\"deep learning\"", "operator": "has"}, {"column_id": "title_and_abstract.search", "value": "\"machine learning\"", "operator": "has"}, {"column_id": "title_and_abstract.search", "value": "\"neural network\"", "operator": "has"}]}, {"join": "or", "filters": [{"column_id": "type", "value": "article"}, {"column_id": "type", "value": "preprint"}, {"column_id": "type", "value": "review"}]}], "sample": 453, "seed": "42"}, "url": "/works?filter=is_retracted:false,publication_year:2025,title_and_abstract.search:%22AI accelerator%22|%22deep learning accelerator%22|%22hardware software co design%22|%22neural network accelerator%22|%22tensor processing unit%22,title_and_abstract.search:%22artificial intelligence%22|%22deep learning%22|%22machine learning%22|%22neural network%22,type:article|preprint|review&sample=453&seed=42&per_page=100&page=1"}, "cost_usd": 0.001}, "results": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/W4414910407", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.175985394.42837331/v1", "title": "A Novel 4-Bit CMOS Based Full Adder for Low-Power IoT and Edge Computing Applications", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-07", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5119882400", "display_name": "Vikash Vishwakarma", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6531-165X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6531-165X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I64295750", "display_name": "Indian Institute of Technology Indore", "ror": "https://ror.org/01hhf7w52", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Vikash Vishwakarma", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6531-165X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Amit Mittal", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I64295750", "display_name": "Indian Institute of Technology Indore", "ror": "https://ror.org/01hhf7w52", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Amit Mittal", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068792760", "display_name": "Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4223-0077", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4223-0077"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I64295750", "display_name": "Indian Institute of Technology Indore", "ror": "https://ror.org/01hhf7w52", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0, 113, 132], "work": [1], "introduces": [2], "a": [3, 14, 147], "new": [4], "4-bit": [5, 63], "CMOS": [6, 24, 143], "adder": [7, 35, 64, 80], "design": [8, 133], "that": [9, 60], "uses": [10], "only": [11], "31": [12], "transistors,": [13], "significant": [15], "reduction": [16], "from": [17], "75": [18], "transistors": [19], "needed": [20], "for": [21, 76, 89, 100, 150], "traditional": [22], "static": [23], "implementations.": [25], "Through": [26], "careful": [27], "transistor": [28], "sizing": [29], "and": [30, 40, 47, 109, 128, 145], "circuitlevel": [31], "improvements,": [32], "the": [33, 95, 135], "suggested": [34, 96], "greatly": [36], "reduces": [37], "silicon": [38], "area": [39], "power": [41], "consumption": [42], "while": [43], "preserving": [44], "competitive": [45], "speed": [46], "signal": [48, 123], "integrity": [49], "by": [50, 119], "utilizing": [51], "an": [52], "optimized": [53], "pass-transistor": [54], "logic": [55], "topology.": [56], "We": [57], "also": [58], "show": [59], "this": [61], "little": [62], "can": [65], "be": [66], "expanded": [67], "to": [68], "build": [69], "effective": [70], "compressor": [71, 97], "circuits,": [72], "which": [73, 104], "are": [74], "essential": [75], "cutting": [77], "down": [78], "on": [79], "tree": [81], "stages": [82], "in": [83, 121, 141], "multi-operand": [84], "addition": [85], "processes.": [86], "Particularly": [87], "well-suited": [88], "incorporation": [90], "into": [91], "Compute-in-Memory": [92], "(CIM)": [93], "frameworks,": [94], "architecture": [98], "allows": [99], "in-situ": [101], "arithmetic": [102, 138], "processing,": [103, 124], "significantly": [105], "minimizes": [106], "data": [107], "travel": [108], "boosts": [110], "computational": [111], "throughput.": [112], "work's": [114], "practical": [115], "value": [116], "is": [117], "highlighted": [118], "applications": [120], "digital": [122], "neural": [125], "network": [126], "accelerators,": [127], "low-power": [129], "embedded": [130], "systems.": [131], "pushes": [134], "boundaries": [136], "of": [137], "circuit": [139], "efficiency": [140], "cuttingedge": [142], "technologies": [144], "provides": [146], "convincing": [148], "solution": [149], "next-generation": [151], "low-power,": [152], "area-constrained": [153], "system-on-chip": [154], "(SoC)": [155], "scenarios.": [156]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10323", "display_name": "Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design", "score": 0.00019999999494757503, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 9.999999747378752e-05, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.36227/techrxiv.175985394.42837331/v1", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.175985394.42837331/v1", "pdf_url": "https://www.techrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.36227/techrxiv.175985394.42837331/v1", "source": null, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "acceptedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "posted-content"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7113663849", "doi": null, "title": "AI Accelerator Announces Award Winners", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-07-31", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Accelerator, AI", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Accelerator, AI", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 52], "Department": [1], "of": [2, 17, 39, 60], "Air": [3], "Force": [4], "(DAF)-MIT": [5], "AI": [6, 18, 40, 62], "Accelerator": [7, 35, 41, 63], "is": [8], "a": [9], "unique": [10], "collaboration": [11], "designed": [12], "to": [13, 19], "advance": [14], "the": [15, 31, 37, 61, 68], "field": [16], "improve": [20], "DAF": [21], "operations": [22], "and": [23, 48, 56, 72], "address": [24], "broader": [25], "societal": [26], "needs.": [27], "In": [28], "June": [29], "2025,": [30], "DAF-MIT": [32], "Artificial": [33], "Intelligence": [34], "named": [36], "recipients": [38], "awards,": [42], "recognizing": [43], "scientific": [44], "excellence,": [45], "distinguished": [46], "contributions,": [47], "other": [49], "exceptional": [50], "accomplishments.": [51], "awardees": [53], "were": [54], "nominated": [55], "selected": [57], "from": [58, 67], "members": [59], "community,": [64], "including": [65], "individuals": [66], "DAF,": [69], "MIT": [70, 73], "campus,": [71], "Lincoln": [74], "Laboratory.": [75]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13904", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence Applications", "score": 0.5224999785423279, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T13904", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence Applications", "score": 0.5224999785423279, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14185", "display_name": "Research, Science, and Academia", "score": 0.18080000579357147, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1802", "display_name": "Information Systems and Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14423", "display_name": "Military Technology and Strategies", "score": 0.0044999998062849045, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2202", "display_name": "Aerospace Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/163979", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/163979", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400425", "display_name": "DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I63966007", "host_organization_name": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I63966007"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4407941906", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2025.106616", "title": "A power-efficient spiking convolutional neural network accelerator based on temporal parallelism and streaming dataflow", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-02-25", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100409920", "display_name": "Jian Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0755-6779", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0755-6779"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210089056", "display_name": "Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/007y7ej30", "country_code": "CN", "type": "other", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210089056"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jian Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute, Beijing, 100076, PR China", "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0755-6779", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute, Beijing, 100076, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210089056"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100445380", "display_name": "Yu Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-1299", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-1299"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210089056", "display_name": "Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/007y7ej30", "country_code": "CN", "type": "other", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210089056"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yong Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute, Beijing, 100076, PR China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute, Beijing, 100076, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210089056"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100757718", "display_name": "Yanlong Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9132-5585", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9132-5585", "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0817-5476"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210089056", "display_name": "Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/007y7ej30", "country_code": "CN", "type": "other", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210089056"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yanlong Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute, Beijing, 100076, PR China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute, Beijing, 100076, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210089056"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103228815", "display_name": "Bo Bi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5563-4025", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5563-4025", "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3215-7108"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210089056", "display_name": "Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/007y7ej30", "country_code": "CN", "type": "other", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210089056"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bo Bi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute, Beijing, 100076, PR China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute, Beijing, 100076, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210089056"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Qiliang Chen", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210089056", "display_name": "Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute", "ror": "https://ror.org/007y7ej30", "country_code": "CN", "type": "other", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210089056"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Qiliang Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute, Beijing, 100076, PR China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute, Beijing, 100076, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210089056"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060554231", "display_name": "Yimao Cai", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6854-8211", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6854-8211", "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2961-9176"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yimao Cai", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.6542999744415283, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.6542999744415283, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.11749999970197678, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.10639999806880951, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/j.mejo.2025.106616", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2025.106616", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S98831239", "display_name": "Microelectronics Journal", "issn_l": "1879-2391", "issn": ["1879-2391"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-1", "ki-jl-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Microelectronics Journal", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 6, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4414829334", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2504.08655", "title": "TinyCenterSpeed: Efficient Center-Based Object Detection for Autonomous Racing", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-04-11", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5119232292", "display_name": "Neil Reichlin", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Reichlin, Neil", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056914553", "display_name": "Nicolas Baumann", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6591-1321", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6591-1321"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Baumann, Nicolas", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5000217766", "display_name": "Edoardo Ghignone", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3843-2661", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3843-2661"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ghignone, Edoardo", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5066423975", "display_name": "Michele Magno", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-8923", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-8923"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Magno, Michele", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Perception": [0], "within": [1], "autonomous": [2, 15, 68, 112], "driving": [3], "is": [4, 17, 73], "nearly": [5], "synonymous": [6], "with": [7, 137], "Neural": [8], "Networks": [9], "(NNs).": [10], "Yet,": [11], "the": [12, 57, 88, 106, 146], "domain": [13], "of": [14, 56, 90, 141], "racing": [16, 69], "often": [18], "characterized": [19], "by": [20, 80, 122], "scaled,": [21], "computationally": [22], "limited": [23], "robots": [24], "used": [25], "for": [26, 62], "cost-effectiveness": [27], "and": [28, 35, 119, 131], "safety.": [29], "For": [30], "this": [31], "reason,": [32], "opponent": [33], "detection": [34, 118, 130], "tracking": [36], "systems": [37], "typically": [38], "resort": [39], "to": [40, 46, 101, 124], "traditional": [41], "computer": [42], "vision": [43], "techniques": [44], "due": [45], "computational": [47], "constraints.": [48], "This": [49, 71], "paper": [50], "introduces": [51], "TinyCenterSpeed,": [52], "a": [53], "streamlined": [54], "adaptation": [55, 72], "seminal": [58], "CenterPoint": [59], "method,": [60], "optimized": [61], "real-time": [63, 135], "performance": [64, 136], "on": [65, 76, 145], "1:10": [66], "scale": [67], "platforms.": [70], "viable": [74], "even": [75], "OBCs": [77], "powered": [78], "solely": [79], "Central": [81], "Processing": [82, 94], "Units": [83], "(CPUs),": [84], "as": [85], "it": [86], "incorporates": [87], "use": [89], "an": [91, 138], "external": [92], "Tensor": [93], "Unit": [95], "(TPU).": [96], "We": [97], "demonstrate": [98], "that,": [99], "compared": [100], "Adaptive": [102], "Breakpoint": [103], "Detector": [104], "(ABD),": [105], "current": [107], "State-of-the-Art": [108], "(SotA)": [109], "in": [110], "scaled": [111], "racing,": [113], "TinyCenterSpeed": [114], "not": [115], "only": [116], "improves": [117], "velocity": [120], "estimation": [121], "up": [123], "61.38%": [125], "but": [126], "also": [127], "supports": [128], "multi-opponent": [129], "estimation.": [132], "It": [133], "achieves": [134], "inference": [139], "time": [140], "just": [142], "7.88": [143], "ms": [144], "TPU,": [147], "significantly": [148], "reducing": [149], "CPU": [150], "utilization": [151], "8.3-fold.": [152]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.888700008392334, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.888700008392334, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11099", "display_name": "Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety", "score": 0.10970000177621841, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2203", "display_name": "Automotive Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10331", "display_name": "Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods", "score": 0.0003000000142492354, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2504.08655", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.08655", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.08655", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": "2331-8422", "issn": ["2331-8422"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4409988658", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12567-025-00612-z", "title": "Concept of an in-orbit AI-system based on optical computing", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Felix K\u00fcbler", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4577782", "display_name": "Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin", "ror": "https://ror.org/03v4gjf40", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Felix K\u00fcbler", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Raumfahrttechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Marchstra\u00dfe 12-14, 10587, Berlin, Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Raumfahrttechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Marchstra\u00dfe 12-14, 10587, Berlin, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5089366760", "display_name": "Mingwei Yang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0086-870X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0086-870X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2898391981", "display_name": "Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)", "ror": "https://ror.org/04bwf3e34", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1305996414", "https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4577782", "display_name": "Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin", "ror": "https://ror.org/03v4gjf40", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mingwei Yang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt, Rutherfordstra\u00dfe 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany", "Raumfahrttechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Marchstra\u00dfe 12-14, 10587, Berlin, Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt, Rutherfordstra\u00dfe 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Raumfahrttechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Marchstra\u00dfe 12-14, 10587, Berlin, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5117397085", "display_name": "Lennart Mannteuffel", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4577782", "display_name": "Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin", "ror": "https://ror.org/03v4gjf40", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lennart Mannteuffel", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Raumfahrttechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Marchstra\u00dfe 12-14, 10587, Berlin, Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Raumfahrttechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Marchstra\u00dfe 12-14, 10587, Berlin, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5117397086", "display_name": "Okan Aky\u00fcz", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4577782", "display_name": "Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin", "ror": "https://ror.org/03v4gjf40", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Okan Aky\u00fcz", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Raumfahrttechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Marchstra\u00dfe 12-14, 10587, Berlin, Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Raumfahrttechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Marchstra\u00dfe 12-14, 10587, Berlin, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5017950953", "display_name": "Janik Wolters", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4107-1265", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4107-1265"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I2898391981", "display_name": "Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)", "ror": "https://ror.org/04bwf3e34", "country_code": "DE", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1305996414", "https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Janik Wolters", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt, Rutherfordstra\u00dfe 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt, Rutherfordstra\u00dfe 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5050230053", "display_name": "Enrico Stoll", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-3445", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-3445"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4577782", "display_name": "Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin", "ror": "https://ror.org/03v4gjf40", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Enrico Stoll", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Raumfahrttechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Marchstra\u00dfe 12-14, 10587, Berlin, Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Raumfahrttechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Marchstra\u00dfe 12-14, 10587, Berlin, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Abstract": [0], "Machine": [1, 176], "Learning": [2, 177], "(ML),": [3], "or": [4, 18, 51, 76], "Artificial": [5, 27], "Intelligence": [6], "(AI)": [7], "in": [8, 178], "general,": [9], "is": [10, 23, 79], "among": [11], "today\u2019s": [12], "fastest-growing": [13], "methods": [14], "to": [15, 44, 120, 131, 189], "handle": [16], "complex": [17], "computationally": [19], "intensive": [20], "tasks.": [21], "ML": [22], "commonly": [24], "implemented": [25], "with": [26, 42, 170], "Neural": [28], "Networks": [29], "(ANNs)": [30], "on": [31, 152], "conventional": [32], "computer": [33], "systems": [34], "that": [35], "can": [36, 68, 93, 123, 160], "limit": [37], "their": [38], "full": [39], "potential.": [40], "Even": [41], "access": [43], "specialized": [45], "hardware": [46, 66], "such": [47, 193], "as": [48, 163], "graphics": [49], "cards": [50], "Tensor": [52], "Processing": [53], "Units": [54], "(TPUs),": [55], "the": [56, 126, 141, 171, 182], "demand": [57], "for": [58, 71, 85, 99, 108, 140, 175], "more": [59, 81, 134], "computing": [60, 150], "power": [61], "constantly": [62], "increases.": [63], "Although": [64], "these": [65], "requirements": [67, 84], "be": [69, 96, 115, 125, 132, 161], "met": [70], "terrestrial": [72], "applications,": [73], "an": [74, 105, 148], "extraterrestrial": [75], "in-orbit": [77], "application": [78], "considerably": [80], "challenging.": [82], "Additional": [83], "energy": [86, 135], "budget,": [87], "thermal": [88], "control,": [89], "and": [90, 137, 159, 191], "radiation": [91], "resistance": [92], "usually": [94], "not": [95, 156], "met,": [97], "especially": [98], "small": [100], "spacecraft.": [101], "The": [102], "benefits": [103], "of": [104, 147, 181, 185], "AI": [106], "system": [107], "fast": [109], "onboard": [110], "data": [111], "processing": [112], "would,": [113], "however,": [114], "remarkable.": [116], "An": [117, 145], "optical": [118, 149], "approach": [119], "this": [121], "problem": [122], "potentially": [124], "solution.": [127], "Optical": [128, 173], "computers": [129], "promise": [130], "much": [133], "efficient": [136], "better": [138], "suitable": [139], "mentioned": [142], "space": [143], "requirements.": [144], "implementation": [146], "device": [151], "a": [153, 164, 194], "spacecraft": [154], "has": [155], "been": [157], "done": [158], "considered": [162], "technological": [165], "leap.": [166], "This": [167], "work,": [168], "along": [169], "project": [172], "Computing": [174], "Orbit": [179], "(OMLO)": [180], "Technical": [183], "University": [184], "Berlin": [186], "(TU-Berlin),": [187], "aims": [188], "specify": [190], "conceptualize": [192], "system.": [195]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12611", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing", "score": 0.95169997215271, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12611", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing", "score": 0.95169997215271, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13436", "display_name": "Space Technology and Applications", "score": 0.023800000548362732, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11429", "display_name": "Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices", "score": 0.003100000089034438, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/s12567-025-00612-z", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12567-025-00612-z", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12567-025-00612-z.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S87123477", "display_name": "CEAS Space Journal", "issn_l": "1868-2502", "issn": ["1868-2502", "1868-2510"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "CEAS Space Journal", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4406552102", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4021-y", "title": "Mitigating methodology of hardware non-ideal characteristics for non-volatile memory based neural networks", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-13", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102941473", "display_name": "Lixia Han", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4721-1564", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4721-1564"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lixia Han", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China", "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5089747900", "display_name": "Peng Cheng Huang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3280-0099", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3280-0099"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Peng Huang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China", "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101604324", "display_name": "Yijiao Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0159-2231", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0159-2231"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I82880672", "display_name": "Beihang University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00wk2mp56", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yijiao Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5072809375", "display_name": "Zheng Zhou", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3957-3144", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3957-3144"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zheng Zhou", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China", "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5052416653", "display_name": "Haozhang Yang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7224-474X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7224-474X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Haozhang Yang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China", "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5087811347", "display_name": "Yiyang Chen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-9040", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-9040"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yiyang Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China", "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100324649", "display_name": "Xiaoyan Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6448-2008", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6448-2008"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiaoyan Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China", "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5010857702", "display_name": "Jinfeng Kang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6286-0423", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6286-0423"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jinfeng Kang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China", "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9984999895095825, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9984999895095825, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.0003000000142492354, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.0003000000142492354, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/s11432-023-4021-y", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-023-4021-y", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210218743", "display_name": "Science China Information Sciences", "issn_l": "1869-1919", "issn": ["1869-1919", "1674-733X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319965", "host_organization_name": "Springer Nature", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Science China Information Sciences", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 4, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7128089640", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.15496/publikation-115998", "title": "Automatic Generation of Fast and Accurate Performance Models for Deep Neural Network Accelerators", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "article", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045329350", "display_name": "Felix Wedlich", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2632-7078", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2632-7078"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wedlich, Felix", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5099124256", "display_name": "Jannik Steinmetz", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7193-5620", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7193-5620"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Steinmetz, Jannik", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5114367781", "display_name": "Valentin Biermaier", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9428-9085", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9428-9085"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Biermaier, Valentin", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041394449", "display_name": "Adrian Frischknecht", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1795-0948", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1795-0948"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Frischknecht, Adrian", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007898502", "display_name": "Paul Palomero Bernardo", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6642-3976", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6642-3976"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bernardo, Paul Palomero", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5125134416", "display_name": "Oliver Bringmann", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bringmann, Oliver", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5069328202", "display_name": "Konstantin L\u00fcbeck", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-5881", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-5881"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "L\u00fcbeck, Konstantin", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5125164801", "display_name": "Alexander Jung", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2511-1490", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2511-1490"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jung, Alexander", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111123870", "display_name": "Mika Markus M\u00fcller", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3471-7560", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3471-7560"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "M\u00fcller, Mika Markus", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.9164999723434448, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.9164999723434448, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.04270000010728836, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.019600000232458115, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:doi:10.15496/publikation-115998", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "http://hdl.handle.net/10900/174673", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "JournalArticle"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4416547859", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2507.23437", "title": "Coflex: Enhancing HW-NAS with Sparse Gaussian Processes for Efficient and Scalable DNN Accelerator Design", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-07-31", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Ma, Yinhui", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ma, Yinhui", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5016596757", "display_name": "Tomomasa Yamasaki", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5610-8534", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5610-8534"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yamasaki, Tomomasa", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101482096", "display_name": "Zhehui Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-724X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-724X"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wang, Zhehui", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100949523", "display_name": "Tao Luo", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5374-4226", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5374-4226"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Luo, Tao", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5066519535", "display_name": "Bo Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-5565", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-5565"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wang, Bo", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Hardware-Aware": [0], "Neural": [1, 28], "Architecture": [2], "Search": [3], "(HW-NAS)": [4], "is": [5], "an": [6], "efficient": [7], "approach": [8], "to": [9, 46, 85, 89, 153], "automatically": [10], "co-optimizing": [11], "neural": [12], "network": [13, 141], "performance": [14], "and": [15, 39, 143], "hardware": [16], "energy": [17], "efficiency,": [18], "making": [19], "it": [20], "particularly": [21], "useful": [22], "for": [23], "the": [24, 32, 35, 63, 79, 90, 118], "development": [25], "of": [26, 92, 103, 120, 140], "Deep": [27], "Network": [29], "accelerators": [30], "on": [31, 126], "edge.": [33], "However,": [34], "extensive": [36], "search": [37, 105], "space": [38], "high": [40, 113], "computational": [41, 109, 148], "cost": [42], "pose": [43], "significant": [44], "challenges": [45], "its": [47], "practical": [48], "adoption.": [49], "To": [50], "address": [51], "these": [52], "limitations,": [53], "we": [54], "propose": [55], "Coflex,": [56], "a": [57, 147], "novel": [58], "HW-NAS": [59], "framework": [60], "that": [61, 133], "integrates": [62], "Sparse": [64], "Gaussian": [65], "Process": [66], "(SGP)": [67], "with": [68, 87], "multi-objective": [69], "Bayesian": [70], "optimization.": [71], "By": [72], "leveraging": [73], "sparse": [74], "inducing": [75], "points,": [76], "Coflex": [77, 121, 134], "reduces": [78], "GP": [80], "kernel": [81], "complexity": [82], "from": [83, 151], "cubic": [84], "near-linear": [86], "respect": [88], "number": [91], "training": [93], "samples,": [94], "without": [95], "compromising": [96], "optimization": [97], "performance.": [98], "This": [99], "enables": [100], "scalable": [101], "approximation": [102], "large-scale": [104], "space,": [106], "substantially": [107], "decreasing": [108], "overhead": [110], "while": [111, 145], "preserving": [112], "predictive": [114], "accuracy.": [115], "We": [116], "evaluate": [117], "efficacy": [119], "across": [122], "various": [123], "benchmarks,": [124], "focusing": [125], "accelerator-specific": [127], "architecture.": [128], "Our": [129], "experimental": [130], "results": [131], "show": [132], "outperforms": [135], "state-of-the-art": [136], "methods": [137], "in": [138], "terms": [139], "accuracy": [142], "Energy-Delay-Product,": [144], "achieving": [146], "speed-up": [149], "ranging": [150], "1.9x": [152], "9.5x.": [154]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.8823000192642212, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.8823000192642212, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.04749999940395355, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.011800000444054604, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2507.23437", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.23437", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.23437", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": "2331-8422", "issn": ["2331-8422"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7131780710", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.31838/jcvs/07.02.06", "title": "Energy-Efficient Neural Network Accelerator Design for Real-Time DSP and Cryptographic Processing Using Advanced VLSI Architectures", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-01", "type": "article", "language": null, "authorships": [], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.7675999999046326, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.7675999999046326, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.08749999850988388, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.05530000105500221, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.31838/jcvs/07.02.06", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.31838/jcvs/07.02.06", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210180210", "display_name": "Journal of VLSI Circuits and Systems", "issn_l": "2582-1458", "issn": ["2582-1458"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of VLSI circuits and systems", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4409778235", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2025.22281", "title": "Graph Neural Networks for Efficient Clock Tree Synthesis Optimization in Complex SoC Designs", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-04-24", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101480142", "display_name": "Jiang Wu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8148-0178", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8148-0178"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1174212", "display_name": "University of Southern California", "ror": "https://ror.org/03taz7m60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jiang Wu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5057006603", "display_name": "Chunhe Ni", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I162577319", "display_name": "The University of Texas at Dallas", "ror": "https://ror.org/049emcs32", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chunhe Ni", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100395737", "display_name": "Hongbo Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5003-3124", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5003-3124"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1174212", "display_name": "University of Southern California", "ror": "https://ror.org/03taz7m60", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hongbo Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100350605", "display_name": "Jingyi Chen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2668-6592", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2668-6592"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I74973139", "display_name": "Carnegie Mellon University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05x2bcf33", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jingyi Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Carnegie Mellon University, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Carnegie Mellon University, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0], "paper": [1], "presents": [2], "a": [3, 51, 73, 103], "novel": [4], "graph": [5], "neural": [6], "network": [7, 68], "(GNN)": [8], "based": [9], "framework": [10, 71, 175], "for": [11], "efficient": [12], "clock": [13, 67, 85, 131], "tree": [14], "synthesis": [15], "(CTS)": [16], "optimization": [17, 75, 113], "in": [18, 36, 130, 134, 139, 195], "complex": [19], "System-on-Chip": [20], "designs.": [21], "As": [22], "technology": [23, 197], "nodes": [24], "advance": [25], "to": [26, 63, 143, 167], "5nm": [27], "and": [28, 40, 60, 84, 121, 137, 188], "below,": [29], "traditional": [30, 172], "CTS": [31, 100], "methodologies": [32], "face": [33], "significant": [34], "challenges": [35], "optimizing": [37], "power,": [38, 132], "performance,": [39], "skew": [41, 86], "metrics": [42], "while": [43, 111, 147], "managing": [44], "exponentially": [45], "growing": [46], "design": [47, 108, 160], "complexity.": [48], "We": [49], "propose": [50], "specialized": [52], "GNN": [53], "architecture": [54], "incorporating": [55], "bidirectional": [56], "message": [57], "passing": [58], "mechanisms": [59], "attention": [61], "components": [62], "effectively": [64], "capture": [65], "critical": [66], "characteristics.": [69], "The": [70, 153, 174], "implements": [72], "multi-objective": [74], "approach": [76], "that": [77, 106], "simultaneously": [78, 148], "addresses": [79], "power": [80], "consumption,": [81], "insertion": [82, 140], "delay,": [83], "constraints": [87], "through": [88], "reinforcement": [89], "learning": [90], "techniques.": [91], "Our": [92], "hybrid": [93], "methodology": [94], "integrates": [95], "GNN-based": [96], "predictions": [97], "with": [98, 158], "conventional": [99], "algorithms,": [101], "achieving": [102], "synergistic": [104], "workflow": [105], "preserves": [107], "rule": [109], "compliance": [110], "enhancing": [112], "capabilities.": [114], "Experimental": [115], "evaluation": [116], "across": [117, 179], "multiple": [118], "benchmark": [119], "circuits": [120], "industrial": [122], "SoC": [123], "designs": [124], "demonstrates": [125, 176], "average": [126], "reductions": [127], "of": [128, 171], "8.7%": [129], "6.3%": [133], "maximum": [135], "skew,": [136], "1.8%": [138], "delay": [141], "compared": [142, 166], "state-of-the-art": [144], "commercial": [145], "tools,": [146], "reducing": [149], "runtime": [150], "by": [151], "56.2%.": [152], "performance": [154, 178], "advantages": [155], "scale": [156], "favorably": [157], "increasing": [159], "complexity,": [161], "showing": [162], "sublinear": [163], "computational": [164], "growth": [165], "the": [168], "superlinear": [169], "scaling": [170], "methods.": [173], "robust": [177], "diverse": [180], "application": [181], "domains": [182], "including": [183], "mobile": [184], "processors,": [185], "automotive": [186], "controllers,": [187], "AI": [189], "accelerators,": [190], "validating": [191], "its": [192], "practical": [193], "applicability": [194], "advanced": [196], "nodes.": [198]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11522", "display_name": "VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques", "score": 0.9926999807357788, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11522", "display_name": "VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques", "score": 0.9926999807357788, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.004800000227987766, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10829", "display_name": "Interconnection Networks and Systems", "score": 0.000699999975040555, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.54254/2755-2721/2025.22281", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2025.22281", "pdf_url": "https://www.ewadirect.com/proceedings/ace/article/view/22281/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4387281889", "display_name": "Applied and Computational Engineering", "issn_l": "2755-2721", "issn": ["2755-2721", "2755-273X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core"], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Applied and Computational Engineering", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4410985515", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3573924", "title": "High-Speed Compute-Efficient Bandit Learning for Many Arms", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-06-03", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Ishaan Sharma", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3052-6985", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3052-6985"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I863896202", "display_name": "Delhi Technological University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01ztcvt22", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I863896202"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ishaan Sharma", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Electronics and Communications Department, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3052-6985", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Electronics and Communications Department, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I863896202"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084951491", "display_name": "Sumit J. Darak", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8656-4533", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8656-4533"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I119939252", "display_name": "Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi", "ror": "https://ror.org/03vfp4g33", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I119939252"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sumit J. Darak", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Electronics and Communications Department, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8656-4533", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Electronics and Communications Department, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I119939252"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018236326", "display_name": "Rohit Kumar", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-2399", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-2399"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I863896202", "display_name": "Delhi Technological University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01ztcvt22", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I863896202"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Rohit Kumar", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Electronics and Communications Department, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-2399", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Electronics and Communications Department, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I863896202"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Multiarmed": [0], "bandits": [1], "(MABs)": [2], "are": [3], "online": [4], "machine": [5], "learning": [6], "algorithms": [7, 33], "that": [8], "aim": [9], "to": [10, 64], "identify": [11], "the": [12, 20, 31, 36, 39, 55], "optimal": [13], "arm": [14], "without": [15], "prior": [16], "statistical": [17], "knowledge": [18], "via": [19, 95], "exploration-exploitation": [21], "tradeoff.": [22], "The": [23, 104], "performance": [24], "metric,": [25], "regret,": [26, 113], "and": [27, 51, 81, 88, 99, 130], "computational": [28], "complexity": [29], "of": [30, 41, 57], "MAB": [32, 78], "degrade": [34], "with": [35], "increase": [37], "in": [38, 110, 116, 124, 133], "number": [40, 56], "arms,K.": [42], "In": [43, 67], "applications": [44], "such": [45], "as": [46], "wireless": [47], "communication,": [48], "radar": [49], "systems,": [50], "sensor": [52], "networks,K,": [53], "i.e.,": [54], "antennas,": [58], "beams,": [59], "bands,": [60], "etc.,": [61], "is": [62], "expected": [63], "be": [65], "large.": [66], "this": [68], "work,": [69], "we": [70], "consider": [71], "focused": [72], "exploration-based": [73], "MAB,": [74], "which": [75], "outperforms": [76], "conventional": [77], "for": [79, 138], "largeK,": [80], "its": [82], "mapping": [83], "on": [84, 91, 119], "various": [85], "edge": [86, 120], "processors": [87], "multiprocessor": [89], "system": [90], "a": [92], "chip": [93], "(MPSoC)": [94], "hardware-software": [96], "co-design": [97], "(HSCD)": [98], "fixed": [100], "point": [101], "(FP)": [102], "analysis.": [103], "proposed": [105], "architecture": [106], "offers": [107], "67%": [108], "reduction": [109, 115, 123], "average": [111], "cumulative": [112], "84%": [114], "execution": [117, 125], "time": [118, 126], "processor,": [121], "97%": [122], "using": [127], "FPGA-based": [128], "accelerator,": [129], "10%": [131], "savings": [132], "resources": [134], "over": [135], "state-of-the-art": [136], "MABs": [137], "large$K=100$.": [139]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12101", "display_name": "Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research", "score": 0.9829000234603882, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12101", "display_name": "Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research", "score": 0.9829000234603882, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.014000000432133675, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10273", "display_name": "IoT and Edge/Fog Computing", "score": 0.0010000000474974513, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3573924", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3573924", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S37538908", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems", "issn_l": "1063-8210", "issn": ["1063-8210", "1557-9999"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-2", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4414551168", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1662886", "title": "Efficient spiking convolutional neural networks accelerator with multi-structure compatibility", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-09-26", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5025404920", "display_name": "Jiadong Wu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0300-7537", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0300-7537"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jiadong Wu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5093088463", "display_name": "Lun Lu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6864-6118", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6864-6118"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lun Lu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100429062", "display_name": "Yinan Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1558-960X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1558-960X", "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8336-8774", "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0052-5511"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yinan Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5033262987", "display_name": "Zhiwei Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6238-2660", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6238-2660", "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4629-4211"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhiwei Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079315983", "display_name": "Changlin Chen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1862-2807", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1862-2807"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Changlin Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5050779438", "display_name": "Qingjiang Li", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Qingjiang Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Kairang Chen", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405258401", "display_name": "Chongqing Polytechnic University of Electronic Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00kf3fs20", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405258401"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kairang Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Electronics and Internet of Things, Chongqing Polytechnic University of Electronic Technology, Chongqing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Electronics and Internet of Things, Chongqing Polytechnic University of Electronic Technology, Chongqing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4405258401"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Spiking": [0, 14], "Neural": [1, 16], "Networks": [2, 17], "(SNNs)": [3], "possess": [4], "excellent": [5], "computational": [6], "energy": [7, 247], "efficiency": [8], "and": [9, 28, 53, 56, 78, 92, 118, 125, 137, 157, 202, 250], "biological": [10], "credibility.": [11], "Among": [12], "them,": [13], "Convolutional": [15], "(SCNNs)": [18], "have": [19], "significantly": [20], "improved": [21], "performance,": [22], "demonstrating": [23], "promising": [24], "applications": [25], "in": [26, 211], "low-power": [27], "brain-like": [29], "computing.": [30], "To": [31, 103], "achieve": [32, 245], "hardware": [33], "acceleration": [34, 206], "for": [35, 161, 184, 207], "SCNNs,": [36], "we": [37, 148], "propose": [38], "an": [39], "efficient": [40], "FPGA": [41], "accelerator": [42, 146, 169, 242], "architecture": [43, 48, 70, 115, 243], "with": [44, 133, 198, 227], "multi-structure": [45], "compatibility.": [46], "This": [47, 69, 237], "supports": [49], "both": [50], "traditional": [51], "convolutional": [52], "residual": [54, 159, 209, 214], "topologies,": [55], "can": [57, 244], "be": [58], "adapted": [59], "to": [60, 66, 75, 129], "diverse": [61], "requirements": [62], "from": [63], "small": [64], "networks": [65, 132], "complex": [67], "networks.": [68], "uses": [71], "a": [72, 171, 180, 217, 228], "clock-driven": [73], "scheme": [74], "perform": [76], "convolution": [77], "neuron": [79], "updates": [80], "based": [81], "on": [82, 143], "the": [83, 96, 105, 144, 167, 185, 195, 199, 212, 225, 235, 240], "spike-encoded": [84], "image": [85], "at": [86, 179], "each": [87, 208], "timestep.": [88], "Through": [89], "hierarchical": [90], "pipelining": [91], "channel": [93], "parallelization": [94], "strategies,": [95], "computation": [97, 124, 128], "speed": [98, 174, 219], "of": [99, 107, 135, 152, 175, 220, 224, 231, 234], "SCNNs": [100], "is": [101], "increased.": [102], "address": [104], "issue": [106], "current": [108], "accelerators": [109], "only": [110, 189, 232], "supporting": [111], "simple": [112], "network,": [113, 187], "this": [114], "combines": [116], "configuration": [117, 201], "scheduling": [119, 203], "methods,": [120, 204], "including": [121], "grouped": [122], "reuse": [123], "line-by-line": [126], "multi-timestep": [127], "accelerate": [130], "deep": [131, 158, 213], "lots": [134], "channels": [136], "large": [138], "feature": [139], "map": [140], "sizes.": [141], "Based": [142], "proposed": [145, 168, 200, 241], "architecture,": [147], "evaluated": [149], "two": [150], "scales": [151], "networks,": [153], "named": [154], "small-scale": [155], "LeNet": [156, 186], "SCNN,": [160, 215], "object": [162], "detection.": [163], "Experiments": [164], "show": [165], "that": [166, 223, 239], "achieves": [170, 205], "maximum": [172], "recognition": [173], "1,": [176], "605": [177], "frames/s": [178], "100": [181], "MHz": [182], "clock": [183], "consuming": [188], "0.65": [190], "mJ": [191], "per": [192], "image.": [193], "Furthermore,": [194], "accelerator,": [196], "combined": [197], "module": [210], "reaching": [216], "processing": [218], "2.59": [221], "times": [222], "CPU": [226], "power": [229], "consumption": [230], "16.77%": [233], "CPU.": [236], "demonstrates": [238], "higher": [246], "efficiency,": [248], "compatibility,": [249], "wider": [251], "applicability.": [252]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.7827000021934509, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.7827000021934509, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.13109999895095825, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.03200000151991844, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1662886", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1662886", "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1662886/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S115201632", "display_name": "Frontiers in Neuroscience", "issn_l": "1662-453X", "issn": ["1662-453X", "1662-4548"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "doaj", "jufo-1", "ki-jl-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320527", "host_organization_name": "Frontiers Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Frontiers Media"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Frontiers in Neuroscience", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4416808537", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2025.103649", "title": "An efficient RISC-V processor with customized instruction set for sparse DNN acceleration on embedded system", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-29", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111296495", "display_name": "Bowen Jiang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8171-9008", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8171-9008"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I111599522", "display_name": "Jiangnan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04mkzax54", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bowen Jiang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101122041", "display_name": "Jianyang Ding", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9902-9755", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9902-9755"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I111599522", "display_name": "Jiangnan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04mkzax54", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jianyang Ding", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084379028", "display_name": "Huachen Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4618-0380", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4618-0380"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I111599522", "display_name": "Jiangnan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04mkzax54", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Huachen Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109373616", "display_name": "Tsung-Che Lu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9301-4130", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9301-4130"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I111599522", "display_name": "Jiangnan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04mkzax54", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tianshuo Lu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024443501", "display_name": "Zhilei Chai", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3822-1653", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3822-1653"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I111599522", "display_name": "Jiangnan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04mkzax54", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Zhilei Chai", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.4221000075340271, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.4221000075340271, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.367900013923645, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.14970000088214874, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/j.sysarc.2025.103649", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2025.103649", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127660348", "display_name": "Journal of Systems Architecture", "issn_l": "1383-7621", "issn": ["1383-7621", "1873-6165"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-2", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Systems Architecture", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4415689538", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cs00979k", "title": "Chemiresistive gas sensors for intelligent sensing: design strategies, emerging applications and future challenges", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "review", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5006382637", "display_name": "Chencheng Hu", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I194450716", "display_name": "Jilin University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00js3aw79", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chencheng Hu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Wei Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1719-2287", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1719-2287"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I194450716", "display_name": "Jilin University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00js3aw79", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wei Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1719-2287", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Prosthodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102810902", "display_name": "Jiaqi Yang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7772-4969", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7772-4969"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I194450716", "display_name": "Jilin University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00js3aw79", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jiaqi Yang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Yuehan Pei", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I194450716", "display_name": "Jilin University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00js3aw79", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yuehan Pei", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101099341", "display_name": "Xiaoyi Tan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4259-337X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4259-337X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I194450716", "display_name": "Jilin University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00js3aw79", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiaoyi Tan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100633649", "display_name": "Biao Dong", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-1703", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-1703", "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5471-1455"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I194450716", "display_name": "Jilin University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00js3aw79", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Biao Dong", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-1703", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5043503667", "display_name": "Hongwei Song", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3897-5789", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3897-5789", "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7348-2992"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I194450716", "display_name": "Jilin University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00js3aw79", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hongwei Song", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3897-5789", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5044784730", "display_name": "Lin He Xu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5831-430X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5831-430X", "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8967-919X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I194450716", "display_name": "Jilin University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00js3aw79", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Lin Xu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5831-430X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Intelligent": [0], "chemiresistive": [1, 121, 156, 196], "gas": [2, 44, 66, 157, 197], "sensing": [3, 28, 158, 198, 216], "platforms": [4, 31, 199], "are": [5, 200], "emerging": [6, 149], "as": [7, 15, 59, 93], "pivotal": [8], "technologies": [9], "for": [10, 63, 106, 131, 214], "addressing": [11], "global": [12], "challenges": [13, 70, 153], "such": [14, 92], "climate": [16], "change,": [17], "urbanization,": [18], "and": [19, 40, 55, 78, 100, 113, 134, 151, 181, 191], "public": [20], "health": [21], "crises.": [22], "As": [23], "core": [24], "components": [25], "of": [26, 89, 116, 154], "modern": [27], "systems,": [29], "these": [30], "demonstrate": [32], "immense": [33], "potential": [34], "in": [35, 72, 83, 110, 178], "environmental": [36, 132, 179], "monitoring,": [37], "industrial": [38], "safety,": [39], "medical": [41], "diagnostics.": [42], "Chemiresistive": [43], "sensors,": [45, 122], "with": [46, 160], "their": [47, 164], "high": [48], "sensitivity,": [49], "rapid": [50], "response,": [51], "low": [52], "power": [53], "consumption,": [54], "miniaturization": [56], "capabilities,": [57], "serve": [58], "a": [60, 161], "key": [61], "enabler": [62], "next-generation": [64], "intelligent": [65, 155, 195], "sensing.": [67], "However,": [68], "critical": [69], "remain": [71], "selectivity,": [73, 128], "long-term": [74], "stability,": [75], "energy": [76, 192], "efficiency,": [77], "scalable": [79], "manufacturing.": [80], "Recent": [81], "advancements": [82], "materials": [84, 91], "science,": [85], "including": [86], "the": [87, 114, 146, 212], "development": [88], "novel": [90], "metal-organic": [94], "frameworks,": [95], "two-dimensional": [96], "transition": [97, 203], "metal": [98], "dichalcogenides,": [99], "MXenes,": [101], "has": [102], "expanded": [103], "design": [104, 147], "possibilities": [105], "sensors.": [107], "Meanwhile,": [108], "progress": [109], "artificial": [111], "intelligence": [112], "Internet": [115], "Things": [117], "have": [118], "significantly": [119], "enhanced": [120], "where": [123], "machine": [124], "learning": [125], "algorithms": [126], "improve": [127], "dynamically": [129], "compensate": [130], "interference,": [133], "facilitate": [135], "distributed": [136], "data": [137], "training": [138], "to": [139, 170, 202, 207], "optimize": [140], "performance.": [141], "This": [142], "review": [143], "systematically": [144], "examines": [145], "strategies,": [148, 194], "applications,": [150], "current": [152], "platforms,": [159], "focus": [162], "on": [163], "multidimensional": [165], "evolution": [166], "from": [167, 204], "material": [168], "innovation": [169], "cognitive": [171], "decision-making.": [172], "Furthermore,": [173], "it": [174], "explores": [175], "future": [176], "directions": [177], "sustainability": [180], "interdisciplinary": [182], "research.": [183], "By": [184], "integrating": [185], "hardware-software": [186], "co-design,": [187], "advanced": [188], "signal": [189], "processing,": [190], "management": [193], "poised": [201], "standalone": [205], "detection": [206], "integrated": [208], "system": [209], "functionality,": [210], "laying": [211], "foundation": [213], "responsive": [215], "ecosystems.": [217]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10461", "display_name": "Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10461", "display_name": "Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors", "score": 1.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12120", "display_name": "Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting", "score": 0.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2305", "display_name": "Environmental Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11667", "display_name": "Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies", "score": 0.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1039/d5cs00979k", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cs00979k", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S316438", "display_name": "Chemical Society Reviews", "issn_l": "0306-0012", "issn": ["0306-0012", "1460-4744"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-3", "ki-jl-2", "medline", "norway-2"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320556", "host_organization_name": "Royal Society of Chemistry", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Royal Society of Chemistry"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Chemical Society Reviews", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 69, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4416185222", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0271374", "title": "A 262 TOPS hyperdimensional photonic AI accelerator powered by a Si3N4 microcomb laser", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011576767", "display_name": "Christos Pappas", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0466-9516", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0466-9516"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21370196", "display_name": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "ror": "https://ror.org/02j61yw88", "country_code": "GR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}], "countries": ["GR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Christos Pappas", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center 2 , Thermi 57001,", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thermi 57001, Greece", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0466-9516", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center 2 , Thermi 57001,", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thermi 57001, Greece", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5054211299", "display_name": "A. Prapas", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5902-3002", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5902-3002"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21370196", "display_name": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "ror": "https://ror.org/02j61yw88", "country_code": "GR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}], "countries": ["GR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Antonios Prapas", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center 2 , Thermi 57001,", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thermi 57001, Greece", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5902-3002", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center 2 , Thermi 57001,", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thermi 57001, Greece", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018660051", "display_name": "Theodoros Moschos", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-0733", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-0733"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21370196", "display_name": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "ror": "https://ror.org/02j61yw88", "country_code": "GR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}], "countries": ["GR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Theodoros Moschos", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center 2 , Thermi 57001,", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thermi 57001, Greece", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-0733", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center 2 , Thermi 57001,", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thermi 57001, Greece", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5039953793", "display_name": "Manos Kirtas", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8670-0248", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8670-0248"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21370196", "display_name": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "ror": "https://ror.org/02j61yw88", "country_code": "GR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}], "countries": ["GR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Manos Kirtas", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computational Intelligence and Deep Learning Group, AUTH 3 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "Computational Intelligence and Deep Learning Group, AUTH, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8670-0248", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computational Intelligence and Deep Learning Group, AUTH 3 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Computational Intelligence and Deep Learning Group, AUTH, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5115977467", "display_name": "Odysseas Asimopoulos", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2615-0036", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2615-0036"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21370196", "display_name": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "ror": "https://ror.org/02j61yw88", "country_code": "GR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}], "countries": ["GR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Odysseas Asimopoulos", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center 2 , Thermi 57001,", "Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 4 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thermi 57001, Greece", "Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2615-0036", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center 2 , Thermi 57001,", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 4 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thermi 57001, Greece", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5046733238", "display_name": "Apostolos Tsakyridis", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1498-4904", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1498-4904"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21370196", "display_name": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "ror": "https://ror.org/02j61yw88", "country_code": "GR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}], "countries": ["GR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Apostolos Tsakyridis", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center 2 , Thermi 57001,", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thermi 57001, Greece", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1498-4904", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center 2 , Thermi 57001,", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thermi 57001, Greece", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5046173971", "display_name": "Miltiadis Moralis\u2010Pegios", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-730X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-730X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21370196", "display_name": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "ror": "https://ror.org/02j61yw88", "country_code": "GR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}], "countries": ["GR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Miltiadis Moralis-Pegios", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center 2 , Thermi 57001,", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thermi 57001, Greece", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-730X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center 2 , Thermi 57001,", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thermi 57001, Greece", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5040047191", "display_name": "Christos Vagionas", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9494-3840", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9494-3840"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21370196", "display_name": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "ror": "https://ror.org/02j61yw88", "country_code": "GR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}], "countries": ["GR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chris Vagionas", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center 2 , Thermi 57001,", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thermi 57001, Greece", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9494-3840", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center 2 , Thermi 57001,", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thermi 57001, Greece", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5061050264", "display_name": "Nikolaos Passalis", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1177-9139", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1177-9139"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21370196", "display_name": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "ror": "https://ror.org/02j61yw88", "country_code": "GR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}], "countries": ["GR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nikolaos Passalis", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computational Intelligence and Deep Learning Group, AUTH 3 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "Department of Chemical Engineer, Faculty of Engineer, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 5 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "Computational Intelligence and Deep Learning Group, AUTH, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "Department of Chemical Engineer, Faculty of Engineer, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1177-9139", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computational Intelligence and Deep Learning Group, AUTH 3 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemical Engineer, Faculty of Engineer, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 5 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Computational Intelligence and Deep Learning Group, AUTH, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Chemical Engineer, Faculty of Engineer, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5117814991", "display_name": "Cagri Ozdilek", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8608-3828", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8608-3828"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Cagri Ozdilek", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Enlightra 6 , Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD,", "Enlightra, Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD, Switzerland"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8608-3828", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Enlightra 6 , Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD,", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Enlightra, Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD, Switzerland", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027842655", "display_name": "Timofey Shpakovsky", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Timofey Shpakovsky", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Enlightra 6 , Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD,", "Enlightra, Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD, Switzerland"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Enlightra 6 , Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD,", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Enlightra, Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD, Switzerland", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5069019085", "display_name": "Alain Yuji Takabayashi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1654-6636", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1654-6636"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alain Yuji Takabayashi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Enlightra 6 , Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD,", "Enlightra, Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD, Switzerland"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1654-6636", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Enlightra 6 , Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD,", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Enlightra, Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD, Switzerland", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5086242206", "display_name": "John D. Jost", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "John D. Jost", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Enlightra 6 , Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD,", "Enlightra, Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD, Switzerland"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Enlightra 6 , Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD,", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Enlightra, Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD, Switzerland", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090324074", "display_name": "Maxim Karpov", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-3936", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-3936"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Maxim Karpov", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Enlightra 6 , Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD,", "Enlightra, Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD, Switzerland"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-3936", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Enlightra 6 , Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD,", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Enlightra, Rue de Lausanne 64, Renens 1020, VD, Switzerland", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041054091", "display_name": "Anastasios Tefas", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1288-3667", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1288-3667"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21370196", "display_name": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "ror": "https://ror.org/02j61yw88", "country_code": "GR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}], "countries": ["GR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Anastasios Tefas", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computational Intelligence and Deep Learning Group, AUTH 3 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "Computational Intelligence and Deep Learning Group, AUTH, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1288-3667", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computational Intelligence and Deep Learning Group, AUTH 3 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Computational Intelligence and Deep Learning Group, AUTH, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5063280455", "display_name": "Nikos Pleros", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2931-4540", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2931-4540"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21370196", "display_name": "Aristotle University of Thessaloniki", "ror": "https://ror.org/02j61yw88", "country_code": "GR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}], "countries": ["GR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nikos Pleros", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center 2 , Thermi 57001,", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thermi 57001, Greece", "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2931-4540", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center 2 , Thermi 57001,", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 1 , 54124 Thessaloniki,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thermi 57001, Greece", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 159, 192], "ever-increasing": [1], "volume": [2], "of": [3, 10, 44, 114, 129, 203, 211], "data": [4], "demarcating": [5], "from": [6], "the": [7, 42, 122, 137, 178, 219], "exponential": [8], "scale": [9], "Artificial": [11], "Intelligence": [12], "(AI)": [13], "and": [14, 51, 65, 99, 103, 140, 146, 172, 180, 188, 208], "Deep": [15], "Learning": [16], "(DL)": [17], "models": [18], "motivated": [19], "research": [20], "into": [21], "specialized": [22], "AI": [23, 69, 86, 161], "accelerators": [24], "in": [25, 68, 167], "order": [26], "to": [27, 39, 101], "complement": [28], "digital": [29], "processors.": [30, 70], "Photonic": [31], "Neural": [32], "Networks": [33], "(PNNs),": [34], "with": [35, 57, 150, 177], "their": [36], "unique": [37], "ability": [38], "capitalize": [40], "on": [41], "interplay": [43], "multiple": [45], "physical": [46], "dimensions,": [47], "including": [48], "time,": [49], "wavelength,": [50], "space,": [52], "have": [53], "been": [54, 164], "brought": [55], "forward": [56], "a": [58, 77, 109, 118, 130, 199], "credible": [59], "promise": [60], "for": [61, 144, 156, 184, 205, 213], "boosting": [62], "computational": [63, 112], "power": [64, 113], "energy": [66], "efficiency": [67], "In": [71], "this": [72], "article,": [73], "we": [74], "experimentally": [75, 165], "demonstrate": [76], "novel": [78], "multidimensional": [79], "arrayed": [80], "waveguide": [81], "grating": [82], "router": [83], "(AWGR)-based": [84], "photonic": [85, 160], "accelerator": [87, 162], "that": [88, 135], "can": [89, 104], "offload": [90], "bandwidth-bounded": [91], "linear": [92], "algebra": [93], "while": [94], "leaving": [95], "memory": [96], "hierarchy,": [97], "control,": [98], "nonlinearities": [100], "electronics": [102], "execute": [105], "tensor": [106], "multiplications": [107], "at": [108, 195], "record-high": [110], "total": [111], "262": [115], "TOPS,": [116], "offering": [117], "\u223c24\u00d7": [119], "improvement": [120], "over": [121], "existing": [123], "waveguide-based": [124], "optical": [125], "accelerators.": [126], "It": [127], "consists": [128], "16": [131, 133], "\u00d7": [132], "AWGR": [134], "exploits": [136], "time-,": [138], "wavelength-,": [139], "space-division": [141], "multiplexing": [142], "(T-W-SDM)": [143], "weight": [145], "input": [147], "encoding,": [148], "together": [149], "an": [151, 209], "integrated": [152], "Si3N4-based": [153], "frequency": [154], "comb": [155], "multi-wavelength": [157], "generation.": [158], "has": [163], "validated": [166], "both": [168], "Fully": [169], "Connected": [170], "(FC)": [171], "Convolutional": [173], "NN": [174], "(CNN)": [175], "models,": [176], "FC": [179], "CNN": [181], "being": [182], "trained": [183], "DDoS": [185, 206], "attack": [186], "identification": [187], "MNIST": [189, 214], "classification,": [190, 215], "respectively.": [191], "experimental": [193], "inference": [194], "32": [196], "Gbaud": [197], "achieved": [198], "Cohen\u2019s": [200], "kappa": [201], "score": [202], "0.8652": [204], "detection": [207], "accuracy": [210], "92.14%": [212], "respectively,": [216], "closely": [217], "matching": [218], "software": [220], "performance.": [221]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12611", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing", "score": 0.9976000189781189, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12611", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing", "score": 0.9976000189781189, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10299", "display_name": "Photonic and Optical Devices", "score": 0.0007999999797903001, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10767", "display_name": "Advanced Photonic Communication Systems", "score": 0.0005000000237487257, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1063/5.0271374", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0271374", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210226744", "display_name": "APL Photonics", "issn_l": "2378-0967", "issn": ["2378-0967"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "doaj", "jufo-2", "ki-jl-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320061", "host_organization_name": "AIP Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320061", "https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["AIP Publishing", "American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "APL Photonics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 7, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7108898989", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17827601", "title": "A Unified Performance-Cost-Efficiency Model for Large-Scale AI Training on GPU and TPU Accelerators", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-05", "type": "article", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Revista, Zen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Revista, Zen", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008", "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "IA, 10", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "IA, 10", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008", "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 123, 169], "escalating": [1], "demand": [2], "for": [3, 14, 24, 77, 174], "large-scale": [4, 197], "Artificial": [5], "Intelligence": [6], "(AI)": [7], "models": [8, 27, 31], "has": [9], "propelled": [10], "a": [11, 94, 143], "critical": [12], "need": [13], "efficient": [15, 196], "and": [16, 32, 47, 70, 87, 103, 115, 131, 138, 150, 176, 188, 195], "cost-effective": [17], "training": [18, 116], "methodologies.": [19], "Modern": [20], "AI": [21, 155, 198], "training,": [22], "particularly": [23], "deep": [25], "learning": [26], "like": [28], "large": [29], "language": [30], "vision": [33], "transformers,": [34], "relies": [35], "heavily": [36], "on": [37, 118], "specialized": [38], "hardware": [39, 109], "accelerators": [40, 54], "such": [41], "as": [42], "Graphics": [43], "Processing": [44, 49], "Units": [45, 50], "(GPUs)": [46], "Tensor": [48], "(TPUs).": [51], "While": [52], "these": [53, 119], "offer": [55], "significant": [56], "computational": [57, 183], "power,": [58], "optimizing": [59], "their": [60], "utilization": [61], "involves": [62], "complex": [63], "trade-offs": [64], "between": [65], "raw": [66], "performance,": [67], "monetary": [68], "cost,": [69], "energy": [71], "efficiency.": [72], "Current": [73], "approaches": [74], "often": [75], "optimize": [76], "one": [78], "metric": [79], "in": [80], "isolation,": [81], "leading": [82, 129], "to": [83, 100, 163], "suboptimal": [84], "resource": [85], "allocation": [86], "increased": [88], "operational": [89], "expenditure.": [90], "This": [91], "paper": [92], "introduces": [93], "novel,": [95], "unified": [96], "performance-cost-efficiency": [97], "model": [98, 111, 124], "designed": [99], "systematically": [101], "evaluate": [102], "predict": [104], "the": [105, 160], "integrated": [106], "impact": [107], "of": [108, 128], "choice,": [110], "architecture,": [112], "dataset": [113], "size,": [114], "parameters": [117], "three": [120], "crucial": [121], "metrics.": [122], "synthesizes": [125], "architectural": [126], "characteristics": [127], "GPUs": [130], "TPUs": [132], "with": [133, 185], "real-world": [134], "cloud": [135], "pricing": [136], "structures": [137], "power": [139], "consumption": [140], "profiles.": [141], "Through": [142], "rigorous": [144], "methodological": [145], "framework": [146], "encompassing": [147], "analytical": [148], "modeling": [149], "empirical": [151], "validation": [152], "across": [153], "diverse": [154], "workloads,": [156], "our": [157], "research": [158], "demonstrates": [159], "model's": [161], "capability": [162], "accurately": [164], "forecast": [165], "optimal": [166], "accelerator": [167], "configurations.": [168], "findings": [170], "provide": [171], "actionable": [172], "insights": [173], "researchers": [175], "practitioners,": [177], "enabling": [178], "informed": [179], "decisions": [180], "that": [181], "balance": [182], "speed": [184], "economic": [186], "viability": [187], "environmental": [189], "responsibility,": [190], "thereby": [191], "facilitating": [192], "more": [193], "sustainable": [194], "development.": [199]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.6147000193595886, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.6147000193595886, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10101", "display_name": "Cloud Computing and Resource Management", "score": 0.3474000096321106, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1710", "display_name": "Information Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14098", "display_name": "Energy Efficiency in Computing", "score": 0.0210999995470047, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5281/zenodo.17827601", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17827601", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562", "display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "JournalArticle"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4416072532", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.03474", "title": "CORE: Constraint-Aware One-Step Reinforcement Learning for Simulation-Guided Neural Network Accelerator Design", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-06-04", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5057679105", "display_name": "Yifeng Xiao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9338-6514", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9338-6514"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiao, Yifeng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of California , Berkeley"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of California , Berkeley", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5059129601", "display_name": "Yurong Xu", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xu, Yurong", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of California , Berkeley"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of California , Berkeley", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Yan, Ning", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yan, Ning", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of California , Berkeley"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of California , Berkeley", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5073465014", "display_name": "Masood Mortazavi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1825-244X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1825-244X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mortazavi, Masood", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of California , Berkeley"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of California , Berkeley", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5067636168", "display_name": "Pierluigi Nuzzo", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2984-0364", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2984-0364"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nuzzo, Pierluigi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of California , Berkeley"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of California , Berkeley", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Simulation-based": [0], "design": [1, 69, 174], "space": [2], "exploration": [3], "(DSE)": [4], "aims": [5], "to": [6, 30, 38, 67, 88, 158, 167], "efficiently": [7], "optimize": [8], "high-dimensional": [9], "structured": [10, 74], "designs": [11, 91, 112], "under": [12], "complex": [13], "constraints": [14], "and": [15, 23, 34, 42, 84, 152, 165], "expensive": [16], "evaluation": [17], "costs.": [18], "Existing": [19], "approaches,": [20], "including": [21], "heuristic": [22], "multi-step": [24], "reinforcement": [25], "learning": [26, 118, 127], "(RL)": [27], "methods,": [28], "struggle": [29], "balance": [31], "sampling": [32], "efficiency": [33, 151], "constraint": [35], "satisfaction": [36], "due": [37], "sparse,": [39], "delayed": [40], "feedback,": [41], "large": [43], "hybrid": [44], "action": [45], "spaces.": [46], "In": [47, 61], "this": [48], "paper,": [49], "we": [50], "introduce": [51], "CORE,": [52, 62], "a": [53, 73, 81, 104, 114, 119, 168], "constraint-aware,": [54], "one-step": [55], "RL": [56], "method": [57], "for": [58, 138], "simulationguided": [59], "DSE.": [60], "the": [63, 94, 101, 109, 130], "policy": [64, 102], "agent": [65], "learns": [66], "sample": [68, 150], "configurations": [70, 156], "by": [71, 85, 128], "defining": [72], "distribution": [75], "over": [76], "them,": [77], "incorporating": [78], "dependencies": [79], "via": [80], "scaling-graph-based": [82], "decoder,": [83], "reward": [86], "shaping": [87], "penalize": [89], "invalid": [90], "based": [92], "on": [93], "feedback": [95], "obtained": [96], "from": [97], "simulation.": [98], "CORE": [99, 137], "updates": [100], "using": [103], "surrogate": [105], "objective": [106], "that": [107, 146], "compares": [108], "rewards": [110], "of": [111, 132, 141, 171], "within": [113], "sampled": [115], "batch,": [116], "without": [117], "value": [120], "function.": [121], "This": [122], "critic-free": [123], "formulation": [124], "enables": [125], "efficient": [126], "encouraging": [129], "selection": [131], "higher-reward": [133], "designs.": [134], "We": [135], "instantiate": [136], "hardware-mapping": [139], "co-design": [140], "neural": [142], "network": [143], "accelerators,": [144], "demonstrating": [145], "it": [147], "significantly": [148], "improves": [149], "achieves": [153], "better": [154], "accelerator": [155], "compared": [157], "state-of-the-art": [159], "baselines.": [160], "Our": [161], "approach": [162], "is": [163], "general": [164], "applicable": [166], "broad": [169], "class": [170], "discrete-continuous": [172], "constrained": [173], "problems.": [175]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.8422999978065491, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.8422999978065491, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10462", "display_name": "Reinforcement Learning in Robotics", "score": 0.053300000727176666, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.040800001472234726, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.03474", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03474", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.03474", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": "2331-8422", "issn": ["2331-8422"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by-nc-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4415155221", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2504.09151", "title": "Leveraging Application-Specific Knowledge for Energy-Efficient Deep Learning Accelerators on Resource-Constrained FPGAs", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-04-12", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062582497", "display_name": "Chao Qian", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1706-2008", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1706-2008"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Qian, Chao", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 73, 96], "growing": [1], "adoption": [2], "of": [3, 11, 49, 98, 145], "Deep": [4], "Learning": [5], "(DL)": [6], "applications": [7], "in": [8, 92, 105], "the": [9, 15, 55, 143], "Internet": [10], "Things": [12], "has": [13], "increased": [14], "demand": [16], "for": [17, 29, 57, 65, 86, 116], "energy-efficient": [18, 58, 67], "accelerators.": [19], "Field": [20], "Programmable": [21], "Gate": [22], "Arrays": [23], "(FPGAs)": [24], "offer": [25], "a": [26, 63, 114, 135], "promising": [27], "platform": [28], "such": [30], "acceleration": [31], "due": [32], "to": [33, 79, 138], "their": [34], "flexibility": [35], "and": [36, 54, 89, 129, 132, 141], "power": [37], "efficiency.": [38], "However,": [39], "deploying": [40], "DL": [41, 68, 118], "models": [42], "on": [43, 70, 109], "resource-constrained": [44, 71, 110], "FPGAs": [45], "remains": [46], "challenging": [47], "because": [48], "limited": [50], "resources,": [51], "workload": [52], "variability,": [53], "need": [56], "operation.": [59], "This": [60], "paper": [61], "presents": [62], "framework": [64, 74], "generating": [66], "accelerators": [69, 119], "FPGAs.": [72], "systematically": [75], "explores": [76], "design": [77], "configurations": [78], "enhance": [80], "energy": [81, 107], "efficiency": [82, 108], "while": [83], "meeting": [84], "requirements": [85], "resource": [87], "utilization": [88], "inference": [90], "performance": [91], "diverse": [93], "application": [94], "scenarios.": [95], "contributions": [97], "this": [99, 146], "work": [100], "include:": [101], "(1)": [102], "analyzing": [103], "challenges": [104], "achieving": [106], "FPGAs;": [111], "(2)": [112], "proposing": [113], "methodology": [115], "designing": [117], "with": [120], "integrated": [121], "Register": [122], "Transfer": [123], "Level": [124], "(RTL)": [125], "optimizations,": [126], "workload-aware": [127], "strategies,": [128], "application-specific": [130], "knowledge;": [131], "(3)": [133], "conducting": [134], "literature": [136], "review": [137], "identify": [139], "gaps": [140], "demonstrate": [142], "necessity": [144], "work.": [147]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.9682999849319458, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.9682999849319458, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.01730000041425228, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11522", "display_name": "VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques", "score": 0.0032999999821186066, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2504.09151", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.09151", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.09151", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": "2331-8422", "issn": ["2331-8422"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4407169209", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3532544", "title": "An 800-MHz 8.17-TOPS/W 0.63-TOPS/mm 2 Memory-Utilization-Aware CNN Accelerator Featuring a Memory Stationary Dataflow", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-02-05", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079735655", "display_name": "Jixuan Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6615-0680", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6615-0680"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204512498", "display_name": "University of Macau", "ror": "https://ror.org/01r4q9n85", "country_code": "MO", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}], "countries": ["MO"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jixuan Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China", "Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100343509", "display_name": "Ke Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7318-1186", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7318-1186"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204512498", "display_name": "University of Macau", "ror": "https://ror.org/01r4q9n85", "country_code": "MO", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}], "countries": ["MO"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ke Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China", "Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038010873", "display_name": "Ka-Fai Un", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7574-4755", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7574-4755"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204512498", "display_name": "University of Macau", "ror": "https://ror.org/01r4q9n85", "country_code": "MO", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}], "countries": ["MO"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ka-Fai Un", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China", "Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7574-4755", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090222712", "display_name": "Wei-Han Yu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9079-5227", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9079-5227"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204512498", "display_name": "University of Macau", "ror": "https://ror.org/01r4q9n85", "country_code": "MO", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}], "countries": ["MO"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wei-Han Yu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China", "Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9079-5227", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5106943352", "display_name": "Rui Paulo Martins", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204512498", "display_name": "University of Macau", "ror": "https://ror.org/01r4q9n85", "country_code": "MO", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}], "countries": ["MO"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Rui P. Martins", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China", "Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058845450", "display_name": "Pui\u2010In Mak", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204512498", "display_name": "University of Macau", "ror": "https://ror.org/01r4q9n85", "country_code": "MO", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}], "countries": ["MO"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pui-In Mak", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China", "Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macau, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, and the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Increasing": [0], "the": [1, 25, 41, 48, 74, 92, 113, 118, 131, 164], "on-chip": [2, 158], "memory": [3, 18, 33, 50, 161], "utilization": [4], "(OCMU)": [5], "is": [6], "crucial": [7], "for": [8, 87, 163], "an": [9, 107, 135], "area-efficient": [10], "deep": [11], "neural": [12], "network": [13], "accelerator.": [14], "We": [15, 65, 104], "propose": [16], "a": [17, 31, 36, 58, 99, 127, 141, 155], "stationary": [19], "(MS)": [20], "dataflow": [21, 45], "to": [22, 111], "ingeniously": [23], "combine": [24], "input": [26], "and": [27, 140, 149], "output": [28], "features": [29], "in": [30, 35, 57, 126], "single": [32], "block": [34], "cyclic": [37], "manner,": [38], "significantly": [39], "increasing": [40], "OCMU.": [42], "The": [43], "MS": [44, 108], "also": [46, 105], "reduces": [47], "feature": [49, 63], "access": [51], "by": [52], "78.0%.": [53], "Furthermore,": [54], "residual": [55, 69, 75], "paths": [56, 76], "ResNet": [59], "model": [60], "require": [61], "large": [62], "buffering.": [64], "introduce": [66], "layer-wise": [67], "clipped-asymmetric": [68], "distillation": [70], "(LCARD)": [71], "quantization,": [72], "removing": [73], "with": [77], "minimal": [78], "accuracy": [79], "degradation.": [80], "It": [81], "dynamically": [82], "assigns": [83], "different": [84, 88], "feature/weight": [85], "bit-widths": [86], "layers,": [89], "further": [90], "enhancing": [91], "OCMU": [93, 119], "by$3.2{\\times": [94], "}$and": [95, 121], "throughput": [96, 122], "by$4.5{\\times": [97], "}$from": [98], "fixed": [100], "bit-width": [101], "(FBW)": [102], "approach.": [103], "present": [106], "gating": [109], "(MSG)": [110], "skip": [112], "ineffective": [114], "channels": [115], "that": [116], "improve": [117], "by$1.2{\\times": [120], "by$1.3{\\times": [123], "}$.": [124], "Fabricated": [125], "28-nm": [128], "CMOS": [129], "process,": [130], "proposed": [132], "accelerator": [133], "exhibits": [134], "8.17-TOPS/W": [136], "peak": [137, 143], "energy": [138], "efficiency": [139, 145], "0.63-TOPS/mm2": [142], "area": [144], "at": [146], "800": [147], "MHz": [148], "0.9": [150], "V": [151], "while": [152], "requiring": [153], "only": [154], "120": [156], "kB": [157], "static": [159], "random-access": [160], "(SRAM)": [162], "ResNet-50.": [165]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.8090999722480774, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.8090999722480774, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.08810000121593475, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.05380000174045563, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/jssc.2025.3532544", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2025.3532544", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S83637746", "display_name": "IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits", "issn_l": "0018-9200", "issn": ["0018-9200", "1558-173X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-3", "norway-2"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 5, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4410560152", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.18280/isi.300425", "title": "ineuralFPGA: Implementation of an Optimized DNN Model for Real-Time Applications", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-04-30", "type": "article", "language": "fr", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Vineet Jain", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I33552525", "display_name": "LNM Institute of Information Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03jp7rg16", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I33552525"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Vineet Jain", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Electronics & Communication Department, and L-CST , The LNMIIT , Jaipur 302017 , India"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Electronics & Communication Department, and L-CST , The LNMIIT , Jaipur 302017 , India", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I33552525"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100450086", "display_name": "Abhishek Sharma", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4041-9802", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4041-9802", "https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5980-2406"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I33552525", "display_name": "LNM Institute of Information Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03jp7rg16", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I33552525"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Abhishek Sharma", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Electronics & Communication Department, and L-CST , The LNMIIT , Jaipur 302017 , India"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Electronics & Communication Department, and L-CST , The LNMIIT , Jaipur 302017 , India", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I33552525"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5034432097", "display_name": "Prateek Jain", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8191-9785", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8191-9785", "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-9713"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I165831266", "display_name": "Nirma University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05qkq7x38", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I165831266"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Prateek Jain", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Electronics & Instrumentation Engge. Department , Nirma University , Ahmedabad 382481 , India"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Electronics & Instrumentation Engge. Department , Nirma University , Ahmedabad 382481 , India", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I165831266"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5117621573", "display_name": "Augusto Bezerra", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4104125", "display_name": "Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina", "ror": "https://ror.org/041akq887", "country_code": "BR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4104125"]}], "countries": ["BR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Augusto Bezerra", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["SpaceLab , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianopolis 88040-900 , Brazil"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "SpaceLab , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianopolis 88040-900 , Brazil", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4104125"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Sunil Sharma", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I195631090", "display_name": "Majmaah University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01mcrnj60", "country_code": "SA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I195631090"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210096041", "display_name": "Riyadh Elm University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00rz3mr26", "country_code": "SA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210096041"]}], "countries": ["SA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sunil Sharma", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Technology and Business , Riyadh Elm University , Riyadh 12734 , Saudi Arabia", "Department of Information Systems , College of Computer and Information Sciences , Majmaah 11952 , Saudi Arabia"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Technology and Business , Riyadh Elm University , Riyadh 12734 , Saudi Arabia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210096041"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Information Systems , College of Computer and Information Sciences , Majmaah 11952 , Saudi Arabia", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I195631090"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Sultan Alasmari", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sultan Alasmari", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "real-time": [1, 31], "uses": [2], "of": [3, 12, 15, 96, 112, 116, 133, 137, 142, 150], "intelligent": [4], "computing": [5, 16], "models": [6], "are": [7, 53], "becoming": [8], "most": [9], "prominent": [10], "part": [11], "recent": [13], "technologies.Implementation": [14], "model": [17], "is": [18, 33, 69], "required": [19], "using": [20], "multiple": [21], "framework": [22], "for": [23, 35, 46, 125], "design": [24], "perspective.To": [25], "create": [26], "the": [27, 30, 131, 156], "smart": [28], "era,": [29], "implementation": [32, 45, 149], "needed": [34], "different": [36], "applications.This": [37], "paper": [38], "presents": [39], "efficient,": [40], "faster,": [41], "and": [42, 81, 93, 101, 118], "hardware": [43, 92], "friendly": [44], "synthesizable": [47], "deep": [48], "neural": [49], "network": [50, 109], "(DNN)": [51], "which": [52], "targeting": [54], "low-cost": [55], "hybrid": [56], "FPGA": [57, 154], "platforms": [58], "like": [59, 128], "Xilinx": [60], "Zynq,": [61], "Micro": [62, 64], "Blaze,": [63], "Zed,": [65], "etc.": [66], "\"neural": [67], "net\"": [68], "an": [70], "IP": [71], "core": [72], "neural-network": [73], "written": [74], "in": [75, 159], "Verilog": [76], "HDL,": [77], "parameterized": [78], "via": [79], "Python": [80], "based": [82], "on": [83, 145, 153], "hardware-software": [84], "co-design": [85], "approach": [86], "providing": [87], "flexibility": [88], "to": [89], "utilize": [90], "both": [91], "software": [94], "aspects": [95], "design.Results": [97], "show": [98], "significant": [99], "performance": [100], "accuracy": [102, 132], "with": [103, 110, 114, 130, 140], "minimal": [104], "resource": [105], "utilization.The": [106], "Fully": [107], "Connected": [108], "8-bit": [111], "data": [113], "int.part": [115], "6bits": [117], "\"relu\"": [119], "activation": [120], "function": [121], "achieves": [122], "best-optimized": [123], "results": [124], "small": [126], "architecture": [127], "[784,30,20,10]": [129], "around": [134], "98%,": [135], "power": [136], "0.57": [138], "Watt": [139], "195.407MHz": [141], "max": [143], "frequency": [144], "EDGE": [146], "Zynq": [147], "FPGA.The": [148], "proposed": [151], "\"neuralnet\"": [152], "demonstrated": [155], "large": [157], "applications": [158], "consumer": [160], "electronics": [161], "era.": [162]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.8291000127792358, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.8291000127792358, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13292", "display_name": "Embedded Systems and FPGA Applications", "score": 0.11110000312328339, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.03680000081658363, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.18280/isi.300425", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.18280/isi.300425", "pdf_url": "https://iieta.org/download/file/fid/168742", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S1757003", "display_name": "Ing\u00e9nierie des syst\u00e8mes d information", "issn_l": "1633-1311", "issn": ["1633-1311", "2116-7125"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311056", "host_organization_name": "Lavoisier publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311056"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Lavoisier publishing"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Ing\u00e9nierie des syst\u00e8mes d information", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4411916858", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-025-01958-7", "title": "Deep Learning Accelerator Design for Lens Flare Attenuation using High-Level Synthesis", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-07-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5044590351", "display_name": "David Fosca Gamarra", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-2046", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-2046"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204778367", "display_name": "Norwegian University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05xg72x27", "country_code": "NO", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}], "countries": ["NO"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "David Fosca Gamarra", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-2046", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029254456", "display_name": "Per Gunnar Kjeldsberg", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9107-116X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9107-116X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204778367", "display_name": "Norwegian University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05xg72x27", "country_code": "NO", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}], "countries": ["NO"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Per Gunnar Kjeldsberg", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9107-116X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024218497", "display_name": "Henrik Sundbeck", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Henrik Sundbeck", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Sony Semiconductors EU, Oslo, Norway"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Sony Semiconductors EU, Oslo, Norway", "institution_ids": []}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Abstract": [0], "Lens": [1], "flare": [2, 42, 85, 126], "artifacts,": [3], "caused": [4], "by": [5], "stray": [6], "light,": [7], "significantly": [8, 79], "degrade": [9], "image": [10, 81, 173], "quality,": [11, 82], "posing": [12], "challenges": [13], "in": [14, 22, 87, 155], "sectors": [15], "like": [16], "automotive": [17], "and": [18, 69, 90, 143, 172, 178, 229], "surveillance.": [19], "Recent": [20], "advances": [21], "artificial": [23], "intelligence,": [24], "especially": [25], "deep": [26], "learning,": [27, 52], "offer": [28], "promising": [29], "solutions.": [30], "This": [31], "study": [32], "introduces": [33], "FlareNet,": [34], "a": [35, 57, 104, 165, 181, 199, 207, 223], "compact,": [36], "lightweight": [37], "U-Net-based": [38], "model": [39, 152], "for": [40, 121, 175, 217], "lens": [41], "reduction.": [43], "Using": [44], "an": [45], "iterative": [46], "training": [47], "process,": [48], "including": [49], "evaluating": [50, 168], "transfer": [51], "FlareNet": [53, 78, 125], "was": [54], "developed": [55], "using": [56, 148, 157], "synthetic": [58, 89], "dataset": [59], "of": [60, 72, 75, 135, 184, 202], "flare-containing": [61], "images.": [62, 150], "Despite": [63], "having": [64], "fewer": [65], "than": [66, 204], "150,000": [67], "parameters": [68], "only": [70], "0.5%": [71], "the": [73, 97, 111, 129, 133, 231, 234], "weights": [74], "state-of-the-art": [76], "models,": [77], "enhances": [80], "effectively": [83], "reducing": [84], "artifacts": [86], "both": [88], "real-world": [91], "scenarios.": [92], "Furthermore,": [93], "our": [94], "work": [95, 221], "shows": [96], "Structural": [98], "Similarity": [99], "Index": [100], "(SSIM)": [101], "to": [102, 110, 131, 160, 188, 226], "be": [103], "more": [105], "suitable": [106], "loss": [107], "metric": [108], "compared": [109], "Mean": [112, 117], "Absolute": [113], "Error": [114, 119], "(MAE)": [115], "or": [116], "Squared": [118], "(MSE)": [120], "resource": [122, 176, 200], "constrained": [123], "networks.": [124], "reduction": [127], "has": [128], "potential": [130, 193], "improve": [132], "performance": [134, 190], "computer": [136], "vision": [137], "algorithms,": [138], "such": [139], "as": [140, 164, 238], "edge": [141], "detectors": [142, 145], "object": [144], "(YOLOv3),": [146], "when": [147], "flare-attenuated": [149], "The": [151, 196], "is": [153, 215], "implemented": [154], "C++": [156], "Vitis": [158], "HLS": [159], "validate": [161], "its": [162], "feasibility": [163], "hardware": [166], "accelerator,": [167], "various": [169], "optimization": [170, 194, 214], "directives": [171], "sizes": [174], "utilization": [177, 201], "latency,": [179], "providing": [180], "detailed": [182, 224], "exploration": [183], "each": [185], "layer\u2019s": [186], "contribution": [187], "overall": [189], "while": [191], "analyzing": [192], "improvements.": [195], "tests": [197], "reveal": [198], "less": [203], "20%": [205], "on": [206], "Zeus": [208], "Zynq": [209], "UltraScale": [210], "FPGA.": [211], "Although": [212], "further": [213], "needed": [216], "real-time": [218], "deployment,": [219], "this": [220], "provides": [222], "guide": [225], "designing,": [227], "training,": [228], "implementing": [230], "model,": [232], "with": [233], "relevant": [235], "code": [236], "available": [237], "open": [239], "source.": [240]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.444599986076355, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.444599986076355, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.23800000548362732, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13292", "display_name": "Embedded Systems and FPGA Applications", "score": 0.15119999647140503, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/s11265-025-01958-7", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-025-01958-7", "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11265-025-01958-7.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S11258463", "display_name": "Journal of Signal Processing Systems", "issn_l": "1939-8018", "issn": ["1939-8018", "1939-8115"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Signal Processing Systems", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4417447599", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2512.12036", "title": "Accelerating Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication on GPUs with Processing Near HBMs", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-12", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042236070", "display_name": "Shiju Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3145-6329", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3145-6329", "https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9755-9591"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Li, Shiju", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Min, Younghoon", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Min, Younghoon", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5120839874", "display_name": "Hane Yie", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9875-1589", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9875-1589"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yie, Hane", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5008944433", "display_name": "Hoshik Kim", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4017-8124", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4017-8124"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kim, Hoshik", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071081268", "display_name": "Soohong Ahn", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9340-9512", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9340-9512"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ahn, Soohong", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5053502690", "display_name": "Joonseop Sim", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-0289", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-0289"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sim, Joonseop", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5115666594", "display_name": "Chul-Ho Lee", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-8996", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-8996"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lee, Chul-Ho", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018146250", "display_name": "Jongryool Kim", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5938-6878", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5938-6878"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kim, Jongryool", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Sparse": [0], "General": [1], "Matrix-Matrix": [2], "Multiplication": [3], "(SpGEMM)": [4], "is": [5], "a": [6, 42], "fundamental": [7], "operation": [8], "in": [9, 68], "numerous": [10], "scientific": [11], "computing": [12], "and": [13, 33, 86, 119, 151, 157], "data": [14], "analytics": [15, 97], "applications,": [16, 98], "often": [17], "bottlenecked": [18], "by": [19], "irregular": [20], "memory": [21], "access": [22], "patterns.": [23], "This": [24], "paper": [25], "presents": [26], "Hash": [27], "based": [28], "Multi-phase": [29], "SpGEMM": [30, 50, 59], "on": [31, 51, 77, 173], "GPU": [32, 52], "the": [34, 107], "Acceleration": [35], "of": [36, 114, 141], "Indirect": [37], "Memory": [38], "Access": [39], "(AIA)": [40], "technique,": [41], "novel": [43], "custom": [44], "near-memory": [45], "processing": [46], "approach": [47, 76, 137], "to": [48, 102, 125, 166, 170], "optimizing": [49], "HBM.": [53], "Our": [54], "hardware-software": [55], "co-designed": [56], "framework": [57], "for": [58, 116, 121, 161], "demonstrates": [60, 100], "significant": [61], "performance": [62], "improvements": [63], "over": [64, 144], "state-of-the-art": [65], "methods,": [66], "particularly": [67], "handling": [69], "complex,": [70], "application-specific": [71], "workloads.": [72], "We": [73], "evaluate": [74], "our": [75, 135], "various": [78], "graph": [79, 82, 96], "workloads,": [80], "including": [81], "contraction,": [83], "Markov": [84, 122], "clustering,": [85], "Graph": [87, 117], "Neural": [88], "Networks": [89], "(GNNs),": [90], "showcasing": [91], "its": [92], "practical": [93], "applicability.": [94], "For": [95, 127], "AIA": [99], "up": [101, 169], "17.3%": [103], "time": [104, 112], "reduction": [105, 113], "from": [106], "software-only": [108, 145], "implementation,": [109], "while": [110], "achieving": [111], "76.5%": [115], "Contraction": [118], "58.4%": [120], "Clustering": [123], "compared": [124, 165], "cuSPARSE.": [126], "GNN": [128, 162], "training": [129], "applications": [130], "with": [131, 168], "structured": [132], "global": [133], "pruning,": [134], "hybrid": [136], "delivers": [138], "an": [139], "average": [140], "1.43x": [142], "speedup": [143, 160], "implementation": [146], "across": [147], "six": [148], "benchmark": [149], "datasets": [150], "three": [152], "architectures": [153], "(GCN,": [154], "GIN,": [155], "GraphSAGE),": [156], "shows": [158], "1.95x": [159], "workloads": [163], "when": [164], "cuSPARSE,": [167], "4.18x": [171], "gains": [172], "large-scale": [174], "datasets.": [175]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.9721999764442444, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.9721999764442444, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12292", "display_name": "Graph Theory and Algorithms", "score": 0.021299999207258224, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10792", "display_name": "Matrix Theory and Algorithms", "score": 0.000699999975040555, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1703", "display_name": "Computational Theory and Mathematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.12036", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.12036", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.12036", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": "2331-8422", "issn": ["2331-8422"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4416190009", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.07985", "title": "PIMfused: Near-Bank DRAM-PIM with Fused-layer Dataflow for CNN Data Transfer Optimization", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-11", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5083744300", "display_name": "Simei Yang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0130-8176", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0130-8176"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yang, Simei", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5112226917", "display_name": "Xinyu Shi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-1816", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-1816"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Shi, Xinyu", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101553125", "display_name": "Lihong Zhao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5654-9592", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5654-9592"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhao, Lu", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Ling, Yunyu", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ling, Yunyu", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065315322", "display_name": "Quanjun Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-2727", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-2727", "https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1978-8021"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wang, Quanjun", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5033235745", "display_name": "Francky Catthoor", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-8515", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-8515"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Catthoor, Francky", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Near-bank": [0], "Processing-in-Memory": [1], "(PIM)": [2], "architectures": [3], "integrate": [4], "processing": [5], "cores": [6], "(PIMcores)": [7], "close": [8], "to": [9, 12, 143, 146, 150], "DRAM": [10], "banks": [11], "mitigate": [13], "the": [14, 43, 104], "high": [15], "cost": [16], "of": [17, 106], "off-chip": [18], "memory": [19, 141], "accesses.": [20], "When": [21], "accelerating": [22], "convolutional": [23], "neural": [24], "network": [25], "(CNN)": [26], "on": [27, 115], "DRAM-PIM,": [28], "performance": [29], "is": [30], "often": [31], "constrained": [32], "by": [33, 42], "cross-bank": [34, 95], "(or": [35, 50], "cross-PIMcore)": [36], "data": [37, 84, 91, 96], "transfers,": [38], "which": [39], "are": [40], "induced": [41], "conventional": [44], "layer-by-layer": [45], "dataflow": [46, 70], "that": [47, 67, 127], "enforces": [48], "inter-bank": [49, 90], "inter-PIMcore)": [51], "dependencies": [52], "across": [53], "successive": [54], "CNN": [55, 73], "layers.": [56], "To": [57], "address": [58], "this": [59], "challenge,": [60], "we": [61], "propose": [62], "PIMfused,": [63], "a": [64, 137], "hardware-software": [65], "co-design": [66], "enables": [68], "fused-layer": [69, 80], "for": [71], "end-to-end": [72, 118], "execution": [74], "in": [75], "near-bank": [76], "DRAM-PIM.": [77], "By": [78], "adopting": [79], "dataflow,": [81], "PIMfused": [82, 116, 131], "improves": [83], "reuse": [85], "and,": [86], "more": [87], "importantly,": [88], "breaks": [89], "dependencies,": [92], "thereby": [93], "optimizing": [94], "transfers": [97], "without": [98], "sacrificing": [99], "bank-level": [100], "parallelism.": [101], "We": [102, 120], "study": [103], "impact": [105], "buffer": [107], "sizes": [108], "and": [109, 125, 148], "PIMcore": [110], "parallelism": [111], "(1-bank": [112], "vs.": [113], "4-bank)": [114], "using": [117], "ResNet18.": [119], "present": [121], "three": [122], "key": [123], "takeaways": [124], "show": [126], "with": [128], "4-bank": [129], "PIMcores,": [130], "achieves": [132], "overall": [133], "PPA": [134], "gains": [135], "over": [136], "GDDR6-AiM-like": [138], "baseline,": [139], "cutting": [140], "cycles": [142], "30.6%,": [144], "energy": [145], "83.4%,": [147], "area": [149], "76.5%.": [151]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.9413999915122986, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.9413999915122986, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.02979999966919422, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12326", "display_name": "Network Packet Processing and Optimization", "score": 0.005400000140070915, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.07985", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.07985", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.07985", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": "2331-8422", "issn": ["2331-8422"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4410284398", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-025-00831-7", "title": "Programmable metasurfaces for future photonic artificial intelligence", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-12", "type": "review", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031633386", "display_name": "Loubnan Abou-Hamdan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0101-8033", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0101-8033"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I167576493", "display_name": "Colorado School of Mines", "ror": "https://ror.org/04raf6v53", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Loubnan Abou-Hamdan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0101-8033", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5069967290", "display_name": "Emil Marinov", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8749-8707", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8749-8707"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I167576493", "display_name": "Colorado School of Mines", "ror": "https://ror.org/04raf6v53", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I201841394", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur", "ror": "https://ror.org/019tgvf94", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I201841394"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210124361", "display_name": "Centre de Recherche sur l'H\u00e9t\u00e9ro-Epitaxie et ses Applications", "ror": "https://ror.org/03y8mpv07", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I201841394", "https://openalex.org/I4210098836", "https://openalex.org/I4210124361"]}], "countries": ["FR", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Emil Marinov", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA", "Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Valbonne, France"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Valbonne, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I201841394", "https://openalex.org/I4210124361"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032136852", "display_name": "Peter R. Wiecha", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4571-0116", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4571-0116"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I190497903", "display_name": "Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Syst\u00e8mes", "ror": "https://ror.org/03vcm6439", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I190497903", "https://openalex.org/I193033237", "https://openalex.org/I196454796", "https://openalex.org/I205747304", "https://openalex.org/I4210095849", "https://openalex.org/I4210152422", "https://openalex.org/I4210159245", "https://openalex.org/I4405258862", "https://openalex.org/I4405259414"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405258862", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse", "ror": "https://ror.org/01ahyrz84", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Peter Wiecha", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["LAAS, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "LAAS, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I190497903", "https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045686738", "display_name": "Philipp del Hougne", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4821-3924", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4821-3924"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210100151", "display_name": "Institut d'\u00c9lectronique et des Technologies du num\u00e9Rique", "ror": "https://ror.org/013q33h79", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I28221208", "https://openalex.org/I4210095849", "https://openalex.org/I4210100151", "https://openalex.org/I56067802", "https://openalex.org/I97188460"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I56067802", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 de Rennes", "ror": "https://ror.org/015m7wh34", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Philipp del Hougne", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Universit\u00e9 de Rennes, CNRS, IETR - UMR 6164, Rennes, France"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4821-3924", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Universit\u00e9 de Rennes, CNRS, IETR - UMR 6164, Rennes, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I4210100151", "https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100417426", "display_name": "Tianyu Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6087-6376", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6087-6376", "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8855-5727"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I111088046", "display_name": "Boston University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05qwgg493", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tianyu Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024651416", "display_name": "Patrice Genevet", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0216-3885", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0216-3885"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I167576493", "display_name": "Colorado School of Mines", "ror": "https://ror.org/04raf6v53", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Patrice Genevet", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0216-3885", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12611", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing", "score": 0.9413999915122986, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12611", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing", "score": 0.9413999915122986, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10245", "display_name": "Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications", "score": 0.039000000804662704, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2504", "display_name": "Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/25", "display_name": "Materials Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.012600000016391277, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s42254-025-00831-7", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-025-00831-7", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210234670", "display_name": "Nature Reviews Physics", "issn_l": "2522-5820", "issn": ["2522-5820"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-2", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Reviews Physics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 20, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7104603839", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30582167.v1", "title": "Weight Embedded Logic Circuits for Efficient NeuralNetwork Acceleration: A Novel Hardware-SoftwareCo-Design Approach", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "article", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Udayakumar, Jayachandiran", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Udayakumar, Jayachandiran", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Giridharan, Janani", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Giridharan, Janani", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"eep": [0], "neural": [1, 133], "networks": [2], "(DNNs)": [3], "have": [4], "achieved": [5], "remarkable": [6], "success": [7], "across": [8], "various": [9], "domains,": [10], "yet": [11], "their": [12], "deploymenton": [13], "resource-constrained": [14], "devices": [15], "remains": [16], "challenging": [17], "due": [18], "to": [19, 162, 212], "intensive": [20], "computational": [21, 71, 84], "and": [22, 126, 186, 210], "memory": [23], "requirements.This": [24], "paper": [25], "introduces": [26], "Weight": [27, 101], "Embedded": [28], "Logic": [29, 116], "Circuits": [30], "(WELC),": [31], "a": [32, 103], "novel": [33, 104], "hardware-software": [34], "co-design": [35], "method-ology": [36], "that": [37, 53, 79], "fundamentally": [38], "transforms": [39], "DNN": [40], "acceleration": [41], "by": [42], "embedding": [43], "weight": [44, 55, 87], "values": [45], "directly": [46], "into": [47], "reconfigurablelogic": [48], "structures.": [49], "Unlike": [50], "conventional": [51], "approaches": [52], "separate": [54], "storage": [56], "from": [57], "computation,": [58], "WELC": [59, 80], "syn-thesizes": [60], "specialized": [61], "logic": [62, 136], "circuits": [63], "where": [64], "weights": [65], "become": [66], "integral": [67], "components": [68], "of": [69], "the": [70, 202], "fabric": [72], "itself.We": [73], "present": [74], "rigorous": [75], "mathematical": [76], "foundations": [77], "proving": [78], "achieves": [81], "O(log": [82], "n)": [83], "complexityfor": [85], "n-dimensional": [86], "vectors": [88], "while": [89, 180], "maintaining": [90], "numerical": [91], "precision": [92], "guarantees.": [93], "Our": [94], "framework": [95], "introducesthree": [96], "key": [97], "innovations:": [98], "(1)": [99], "Adaptive": [100], "Encoding,": [102], "binary": [105], "decomposition": [106], "scheme": [107], "achieving": [108], "4.2\u00d7": [109], "com-pression": [110], "over": [111], "INT8": [112], "quantization;": [113], "(2)": [114], "Dynamic": [115], "Morphing,": [117], "enabling": [118], "runtime": [119], "circuit": [120], "reconfiguration": [121], "with89%": [122], "energy": [123, 156], "efficiency": [124, 160], "improvement;": [125], "(3)": [127], "Hierarchical": [128], "Fusion": [129], "Architecture,": [130], "integrating": [131], "multiple": [132], "layersinto": [134], "unified": [135], "structures": [137], "with": [138], "provable": [139], "optimality": [140], "bounds.": [141], "Extensive": [142], "experiments": [143], "on": [144], "ImageNet,": [145], "COCO,and": [146], "industrial": [147], "semiconductor": [148], "defect": [149], "detection": [150], "datasets": [151], "demonstrate": [152], "6.8\u00d7": [153], "speedup,": [154], "8.3\u00d7": [155], "reduction,": [157], "and5.1\u00d7": [158], "area": [159], "compared": [161], "state-of-the-art": [163], "accelerators": [164], "including": [165], "NVIDIA": [166], "A100,": [167], "Google": [168], "TPU": [169], "v4,": [170], "andrecent": [171], "academic": [172], "proposals.": [173], "Ablation": [174], "studies": [175], "validate": [176], "each": [177], "component\u2019s": [178], "contribution,": [179], "reproducibility": [181], "isensured": [182], "through": [183], "open-sourced": [184], "implementation": [185], "detailed": [187], "architectural": [188], "specifications.": [189], "We": [190], "rigorously": [191], "compareWELC": [192], "against": [193], "15": [194], "recent": [195], "accelerators,": [196], "explicitly": [197], "positioning": [198], "our": [199], "contributions": [200], "within": [201], "current": [203], "research": [204, 220], "land-scape.": [205], "Limitations": [206], "regarding": [207], "training": [208], "overhead": [209], "generalization": [211], "emerging": [213], "architectures": [214], "are": [215], "transparentlydiscussed": [216], "alongside": [217], "concrete": [218], "future": [219], "directions.": [221]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.5820000171661377, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.5820000171661377, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.31029999256134033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.03830000013113022, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/30582167", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Weight_Embedded_Logic_Circuits_for_Efficient_NeuralNetwork_Acceleration_A_Novel_Hardware-SoftwareCo-Design_Approach/30582167", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196282", "display_name": "Figshare", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I4210132348", "host_organization_name": "Figshare (United Kingdom)", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Text"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7117420653", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18067553", "title": "Neuromorphic Hardware Systems for Ultra-Low-Power Computing", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-09", "type": "article", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5121426671", "display_name": "Anantharama H", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405252405", "display_name": "Srinivas University", "ror": "https://ror.org/019qzkn95", "country_code": null, "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405252405"]}], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Anantharama H", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication, Srinivas University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication, Srinivas University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4405252405"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Neuromorphic": [0], "computing": [1, 30], "represents": [2], "a": [3, 20], "paradigm": [4], "shift": [5], "in": [6, 125, 139], "computational": [7, 84, 132], "architecture,": [8], "offering": [9], "unprecedented": [10], "energy": [11, 93], "efficiency": [12], "through": [13], "brain-inspired": [14], "hardware": [15, 25], "implementations.": [16], "This": [17], "paper": [18, 153], "provides": [19], "comprehensive": [21], "analysis": [22, 87], "of": [23, 54, 71, 74, 114, 127, 158], "neuromorphic": [24, 38, 56, 90, 178], "systems": [26, 91, 146], "designed": [27], "for": [28, 82, 176], "ultra-low-power": [29, 148], "applications.": [31], "We": [32, 110], "examine": [33], "the": [34], "fundamental": [35], "principles": [36], "underlying": [37], "architectures,": [39], "including": [40, 58, 161], "spiking": [41], "neural": [42, 107], "networks": [43], "(SNNs),": [44], "event-driven": [45], "computation,": [46], "and": [47, 64, 117, 131, 144, 168, 171], "synaptic": [48, 103], "plasticity": [49], "mechanisms.": [50], "Through": [51], "systematic": [52], "evaluation": [53], "contemporary": [55], "platforms": [57], "IBM": [59], "TrueNorth,": [60], "Intel": [61], "Loihi,": [62], "BrainScaleS,": [63], "SpiNNaker": [65], "we": [66, 135], "demonstrate": [67], "power": [68, 128], "consumption": [69], "reductions": [70], "3-5": [72], "orders": [73], "magnitude": [75], "compared": [76], "to": [77, 99], "conventional": [78], "von": [79], "Neumann": [80], "architectures": [81], "specific": [83], "tasks.": [85], "Our": [86], "reveals": [88], "that": [89], "achieve": [92], "efficiencies": [94], "ranging": [95], "from": [96], "20": [97], "pJ": [98, 101], "50": [100], "per": [102], "operation,": [104], "approaching": [105], "biological": [106], "network": [108], "performance.": [109], "present": [111], "detailed": [112], "comparisons": [113], "analog,": [115], "digital,": [116], "mixed-signal": [118], "implementation": [119], "strategies,": [120], "examining": [121], "their": [122], "respective": [123], "advantages": [124], "terms": [126], "efficiency,": [129], "scalability,": [130], "accuracy.": [133], "Furthermore,": [134], "discuss": [136], "emerging": [137], "applications": [138], "edge": [140], "computing,": [141], "sensor": [142], "networks,": [143], "autonomous": [145], "where": [147], "operation": [149], "is": [150], "critical.": [151], "The": [152], "concludes": [154], "with": [155], "an": [156], "examination": [157], "current": [159], "challenges": [160], "limited": [162], "programming": [163], "frameworks,": [164], "hardware-software": [165], "co-design": [166], "complexity,": [167], "scalability": [169], "constraints": [170], "identifies": [172], "promising": [173], "research": [174], "directions": [175], "next-generation": [177], "systems.": [179]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 9.999999747378752e-05, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5281/zenodo.18067553", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18067553", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562", "display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "JournalArticle"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7108452892", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17796169", "title": "Beyond Scaling Laws: A Foundational Shift to Resource-Optimal AI", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-03", "type": "article", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Revista, Zen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Revista, Zen", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008", "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "IA, 10", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "IA, 10", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008", "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 149], "rapid": [1], "advancements": [2], "in": [3, 7, 189], "artificial": [4], "intelligence,": [5], "particularly": [6], "deep": [8], "learning,": [9], "have": [10], "been": [11], "largely": [12], "driven": [13], "by": [14], "an": [15], "empirical": [16], "strategy": [17], "of": [18, 85, 116, 145, 187], "scaling": [19, 81, 118], "up": [20], "model": [21], "size,": [22], "dataset": [23], "volume,": [24], "and": [25, 40, 56, 67, 98, 128, 142, 157, 166, 170, 192], "computational": [26], "resources.": [27], "This": [28, 71, 174], "\"scaling": [29], "laws\"": [30], "paradigm": [31, 84], "has": [32], "yielded": [33], "impressive": [34], "performance": [35, 100, 108], "gains": [36], "across": [37], "various": [38], "benchmarks": [39], "applications,": [41], "from": [42, 79], "natural": [43], "language": [44], "processing": [45], "to": [46, 60], "computer": [47], "vision.": [48], "However,": [49], "this": [50, 126], "approach": [51], "is": [52], "reaching": [53], "its": [54], "practical": [55], "sustainable": [57, 193], "limits": [58], "due": [59], "escalating": [61], "energy": [62], "consumption,": [63], "prohibitive": [64], "financial": [65], "costs,": [66], "increasing": [68], "environmental": [69], "impact.": [70], "paper": [72], "argues": [73], "for": [74, 133, 180], "a": [75, 83, 130, 177, 190], "foundational": [76], "shift": [77, 175], "away": [78], "unbridled": [80], "towards": [82], "resource-optimal": [86, 151], "AI.": [87], "We": [88, 112], "propose": [89, 129], "that": [90, 124], "future": [91], "AI": [92, 147, 152, 172, 188], "development": [93], "must": [94], "prioritize": [95], "efficiency,": [96], "interpretability,": [97], "robust": [99], "under": [101], "constrained": [102], "resources,": [103], "rather": [104], "than": [105], "solely": [106], "maximizing": [107], "through": [109], "brute-force": [110], "scaling.": [111], "outline": [113], "the": [114, 143, 181, 184], "limitations": [115], "current": [117], "laws,": [119], "review": [120], "emerging": [121], "research": [122], "directions": [123], "challenge": [125], "model,": [127], "multi-faceted": [131], "methodology": [132], "achieving": [134], "resource": [135], "optimality,": [136], "encompassing": [137], "algorithmic": [138], "innovation,": [139], "hardware-software": [140], "co-design,": [141], "integration": [144], "diverse": [146], "paradigms.": [148], "envisioned": [150], "promises": [153], "not": [154], "only": [155], "ecological": [156], "economic": [158], "sustainability": [159], "but": [160], "also": [161], "increased": [162], "accessibility,": [163], "democratized": [164], "development,": [165], "more": [167], "deployable,": [168], "efficient,": [169], "ethical": [171], "systems.": [173], "represents": [176], "crucial": [178], "evolution": [179], "field,": [182], "enabling": [183], "continued": [185], "progress": [186], "responsible": [191], "manner.": [194]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.6182000041007996, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.6182000041007996, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13904", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence Applications", "score": 0.22380000352859497, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14098", "display_name": "Energy Efficiency in Computing", "score": 0.021700000390410423, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5281/zenodo.17796169", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17796169", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562", "display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "JournalArticle"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4417526447", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.62306/7ds08r28", "title": "A Survey on Integrated Training-Inference Architectures for Large Language Models on Multi-GPU Stream Processors", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-20", "type": "article", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Heric Tsang", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Heric Tsang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["( . Sourcera Science and Technology Co. , Limited Hong Kong 999077"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "( . Sourcera Science and Technology Co. , Limited Hong Kong 999077", "institution_ids": []}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Large": [0], "language": [1, 13], "models": [2], "(LLMs)": [3], "have": [4], "revolutionized": [5], "artificial": [6], "intelligence,": [7], "achieving": [8], "remarkable": [9], "performance": [10], "in": [11, 33, 112, 123, 165], "natural": [12], "understanding,": [14], "generation,": [15], "and": [16, 35, 71, 88, 101, 109, 126, 140, 168], "multimodal": [17], "tasks.": [18], "However,": [19], "their": [20], "unprecedented": [21], "scale\u2014often": [22], "comprising": [23], "billions": [24], "to": [25, 105], "trillions": [26], "of": [27, 52, 80], "parameters\u2014imposes": [28], "severe": [29], "computational": [30], "demands,": [31], "particularly": [32], "training": [34], "inference": [36], "phases,": [37], "necessitating": [38], "advanced": [39], "parallel": [40], "processing": [41], "architectures": [42, 56], "on": [43, 59], "multi-GPU": [44, 65], "arrays.": [45], "This": [46], "survey": [47, 150], "provides": [48], "a": [49], "comprehensive": [50], "overview": [51], "integrated": [53], "training-inference": [54], "(train-infer)": [55], "for": [57, 129, 154, 162], "LLMs": [58], "large-scale": [60], "GPU": [61], "stream": [62, 66], "processors,": [63], "emphasizing": [64], "processing,": [67], "hypercube": [68], "tensor": [69, 89, 103], "parallelism,": [70, 85, 87, 90], "hardware-software": [72], "co-designed": [73], "compilation": [74, 128], "frameworks.": [75], "We": [76], "trace": [77], "the": [78, 160], "evolution": [79], "parallelism": [81], "strategies,": [82], "including": [83, 121], "data": [84], "pipeline": [86, 96], "highlighting": [91], "innovations": [92], "such": [93], "as": [94], "cross-cluster": [95], "execution,": [97], "adaptive": [98], "NIC": [99], "selection,": [100], "spatiotemporal": [102], "partitioning": [104], "mitigate": [106], "communication": [107], "overheads": [108], "memory": [110], "bottlenecks": [111], "heterogeneous": [113], "environments": [114], "[1,": [115], "7,": [116], "8,": [117], "17].": [118], "Key": [119], "challenges,": [120], "scalability": [122], "non-homogeneous": [124], "networks": [125], "efficient": [127], "diverse": [130], "hardware,": [131], "are": [132], "analyzed": [133], "alongside": [134], "state-of-the-art": [135], "solutions": [136], "like": [137], "MLIR-based": [138], "frameworks": [139], "RISC-V": [141], "accelerators": [142], "[28,": [143], "33].": [144], "By": [145], "synthesizing": [146], "recent": [147], "advancements,": [148], "this": [149], "identifies": [151], "promising": [152], "directions": [153], "scalable,": [155], "energy-efficient": [156], "LLM": [157], "systems,": [158], "paving": [159], "way": [161], "broader": [163], "deployment": [164], "edge": [166], "computing": [167], "high-performance": [169], "clusters.": [170]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.9955999851226807, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.9955999851226807, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.0006000000284984708, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10028", "display_name": "Topic Modeling", "score": 0.0005000000237487257, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.62306/7ds08r28", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.62306/7ds08r28", "pdf_url": "https://d-sci.org/index.php/dsci/article/download/18/16", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S5407052603", "display_name": "Digital Science", "issn_l": "3006-0753", "issn": ["3006-0753", "3006-2942"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Digital Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4417511173", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5758102", "title": "Green Computing: Energy-Efficient AI for Sustainable Cloud Infrastructure", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Prateek Srivastava", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Prateek Srivastava", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Independent  - affiliation not provided to SSRN"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Independent  - affiliation not provided to SSRN", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5120861149", "display_name": "Mrs. Meenu .", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mrs. Meenu .", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science ADGIPS, New Delhi"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science ADGIPS, New Delhi", "institution_ids": []}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10101", "display_name": "Cloud Computing and Resource Management", "score": 0.5425000190734863, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1710", "display_name": "Information Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10101", "display_name": "Cloud Computing and Resource Management", "score": 0.5425000190734863, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1710", "display_name": "Information Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14098", "display_name": "Energy Efficiency in Computing", "score": 0.2782999873161316, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12238", "display_name": "Green IT and Sustainability", "score": 0.17900000512599945, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.2139/ssrn.5758102", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5758102", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210172589", "display_name": "SSRN Electronic Journal", "issn_l": "1556-5068", "issn": ["1556-5068"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1318003438", "host_organization_name": "RELX Group (Netherlands)", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "acceptedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "posted-content"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4416929772", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ae270f", "title": "Semi-supervised virtual staining using learned-illumination Fourier ptychography for high-speed label-free histopathology", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-02", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103216668", "display_name": "Kyung Chul Lee", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5533-3078", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5533-3078", "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8679-8742"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I139264467", "display_name": "Seoul National University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04h9pn542", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I170897317", "display_name": "Duke University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00py81415", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I193775966", "display_name": "Yonsei University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01wjejq96", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I27837315", "display_name": "University of Michigan", "ror": "https://ror.org/00jmfr291", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}], "countries": ["KR", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kyung Chul Lee", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America", "Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America", "Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea", "School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea", "School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering/SNU-IAMD, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5533-3078", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering/SNU-IAMD, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007735468", "display_name": "Hyesuk Chae", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-5179", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-5179"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I193775966", "display_name": "Yonsei University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01wjejq96", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hyesuk Chae", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-5179", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Jongho Kim", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2380-7945", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2380-7945"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I139264467", "display_name": "Seoul National University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04h9pn542", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jongho Kim", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2380-7945", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5021627864", "display_name": "Lucas A. Kreiss", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-0015", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-0015"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170897317", "display_name": "Duke University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00py81415", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I181369854", "display_name": "Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg", "ror": "https://ror.org/00f7hpc57", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}], "countries": ["DE", "US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lucas Kreiss", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America", "Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Erlangen, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-0015", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Erlangen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031965561", "display_name": "Hyeongyu Kim", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-4149", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-4149"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I193775966", "display_name": "Yonsei University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01wjejq96", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hyeongyu Kim", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-4149", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078862494", "display_name": "Yong Guk Kang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-7544", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-7544"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I139264467", "display_name": "Seoul National University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04h9pn542", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yong Guk Kang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea", "School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering/SNU-IAMD, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-7544", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering/SNU-IAMD, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5006749171", "display_name": "Kevin C. Zhou", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0351-8812", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0351-8812"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170897317", "display_name": "Duke University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00py81415", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I27837315", "display_name": "University of Michigan", "ror": "https://ror.org/00jmfr291", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kevin C Zhou", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America", "Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0351-8812", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5073040406", "display_name": "Amey Chaware", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1548-0740", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1548-0740"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170897317", "display_name": "Duke University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00py81415", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Amey Chaware", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1548-0740", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005667808", "display_name": "Kanghyun Kim", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-9525", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-9525"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170897317", "display_name": "Duke University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00py81415", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kanghyun Kim", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-9525", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5072084614", "display_name": "Shiqi Xu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-9001", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-9001"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170897317", "display_name": "Duke University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00py81415", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Shiqi Xu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-9001", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027048462", "display_name": "Suki Kang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-3479", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-3479"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I193775966", "display_name": "Yonsei University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01wjejq96", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Suki Kang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5114320917", "display_name": "Geunbae Bang", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I193775966", "display_name": "Yonsei University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01wjejq96", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Geunbae Bang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5107824552", "display_name": "Nam Hoon Cho", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-6441", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-6441"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I193775966", "display_name": "Yonsei University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01wjejq96", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nam Hoon Cho", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-6441", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5085519704", "display_name": "Dosik Hwang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2217-2837", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2217-2837"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I193775966", "display_name": "Yonsei University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01wjejq96", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Dosik Hwang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2217-2837", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090462900", "display_name": "Roarke W. Horstmeyer", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2480-9141", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2480-9141"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170897317", "display_name": "Duke University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00py81415", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Roarke Horstmeyer", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2480-9141", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5089298785", "display_name": "Seung Ah Lee", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5173-1565", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5173-1565", "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6704-5737", "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8731-8753"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I139264467", "display_name": "Seoul National University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04h9pn542", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Seung Ah Lee", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5173-1565", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Abstract": [0], "Virtual": [1], "staining": [2, 123, 150], "techniques": [3], "enable": [4], "the": [5, 17, 31, 102, 121, 126, 142], "digital": [6], "transformation": [7], "of": [8, 33, 99, 144, 151], "label-free": [9, 152], "images": [10, 153], "into": [11], "clinically": [12], "standardized": [13], "stained": [14], "images.": [15], "However,": [16], "high": [18, 92], "costs": [19], "and": [20, 114, 158], "time": [21, 89], "involved": [22], "in": [23, 48], "generating": [24], "labeled": [25], "datasets": [26], "for": [27, 37], "training,": [28], "combined": [29], "with": [30, 67], "absence": [32], "accelerated": [34], "inference": [35], "pipelines": [36], "high-throughput": [38], "histopathology": [39], "workflows": [40], "remain": [41], "major": [42], "challenges": [43], "to": [44, 128, 161], "their": [45], "widespread": [46], "adoption": [47], "clinical": [49], "practice.": [50], "To": [51], "overcome": [52], "these": [53], "limitations,": [54], "we": [55], "present": [56], "a": [57, 72, 80, 96, 105, 115, 156], "hardware-software": [58], "co-designed": [59], "system": [60], "that": [61, 85], "integrates": [62], "high-speed": [63], "Fourier": [64], "ptychographic": [65], "microscopy": [66], "learned": [68, 81], "illumination,": [69], "supported": [70], "by": [71, 124], "semi-supervised": [73], "learning": [74, 117], "framework.": [75], "Our": [76], "end-to-end": [77], "approach": [78], "employs": [79], "multiplexed": [82], "illumination": [83], "strategy": [84], "significantly": [86], "reduces": [87], "acquisition": [88], "while": [90, 154], "maintaining": [91], "spatial": [93], "resolution": [94], "across": [95], "wide": [97], "field": [98], "view.": [100], "On": [101], "algorithmic": [103], "side,": [104], "multi-stage": [106], "neural": [107], "network": [108, 127], "decouples": [109], "phase": [110], "reconstruction": [111], "from": [112], "colorization,": [113], "contrastive": [116], "framework": [118], "further": [119], "generalize": [120], "virtual": [122, 149], "encouraging": [125], "focus": [129], "on": [130], "intrinsic": [131], "tissue": [132], "features": [133], "rather": [134], "than": [135], "absorption-induced": [136], "variations.": [137], "Extensive": [138], "experimental": [139], "results": [140], "confirm": [141], "effectiveness": [143], "our": [145], "method,": [146], "demonstrating": [147], "accurate": [148], "providing": [155], "scalable": [157], "cost-effective": [159], "alternative": [160], "traditional": [162], "histochemical": [163], "staining.": [164]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11183", "display_name": "Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques", "score": 0.7045999765396118, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3108", "display_name": "Radiation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11183", "display_name": "Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques", "score": 0.7045999765396118, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3108", "display_name": "Radiation"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11897", "display_name": "Digital Holography and Microscopy", "score": 0.16429999470710754, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10862", "display_name": "AI in cancer detection", "score": 0.012299999594688416, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1088/2515-7647/ae270f", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ae270f", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210198424", "display_name": "Journal of Physics Photonics", "issn_l": "2515-7647", "issn": ["2515-7647"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "doaj", "jufo-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320083", "host_organization_name": "IOP Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320083", "https://openalex.org/P4310311669"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["IOP Publishing", "Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Physics: Photonics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4409109837", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0258756", "title": "A novel half-complementary cipher for in-situ secure computing-in-memory", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-04-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Ying Zhou", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2433-3582", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2433-3582"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405255014", "display_name": "State Key Laboratory for Spintronic Devices and Technologies", "ror": "https://ror.org/02gnwjv43", "country_code": "CN", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405255014"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ying Zhou", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies 1 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311305,"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2433-3582", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies 1 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311305,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4405255014"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101436430", "display_name": "Wenbiao Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3204-306X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3204-306X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405255014", "display_name": "State Key Laboratory for Spintronic Devices and Technologies", "ror": "https://ror.org/02gnwjv43", "country_code": "CN", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405255014"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wenbiao Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies 1 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311305,"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies 1 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311305,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4405255014"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5028997990", "display_name": "Yinuo Shi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7301-5746", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7301-5746"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405255014", "display_name": "State Key Laboratory for Spintronic Devices and Technologies", "ror": "https://ror.org/02gnwjv43", "country_code": "CN", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405255014"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yinuo Shi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies 1 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311305,"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies 1 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311305,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4405255014"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041248801", "display_name": "Xiaomi Chen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4984-2995", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4984-2995"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405255014", "display_name": "State Key Laboratory for Spintronic Devices and Technologies", "ror": "https://ror.org/02gnwjv43", "country_code": "CN", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405255014"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I50760025", "display_name": "Hangzhou Dianzi University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0576gt767", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiaomi Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University 2 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018,", "State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies 1 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311305,"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University 2 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies 1 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311305,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4405255014"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103079833", "display_name": "Jianting Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6346-3588", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6346-3588"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405255014", "display_name": "State Key Laboratory for Spintronic Devices and Technologies", "ror": "https://ror.org/02gnwjv43", "country_code": "CN", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405255014"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jianting Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies 1 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311305,"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies 1 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311305,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4405255014"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058640875", "display_name": "Xiang Feng", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-7849", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-7849", "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7299-5690"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405255014", "display_name": "State Key Laboratory for Spintronic Devices and Technologies", "ror": "https://ror.org/02gnwjv43", "country_code": "CN", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405255014"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiang Feng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies 1 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311305,"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies 1 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311305,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4405255014"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084162298", "display_name": "Tailai Zhou", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1635-2913", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1635-2913"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405255014", "display_name": "State Key Laboratory for Spintronic Devices and Technologies", "ror": "https://ror.org/02gnwjv43", "country_code": "CN", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405255014"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I50760025", "display_name": "Hangzhou Dianzi University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0576gt767", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tiejun Zhou", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University 2 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018,", "State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies 1 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311305,"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1635-2913", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University 2 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies 1 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311305,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4405255014"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100461583", "display_name": "Bo Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6421-0443", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6421-0443"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405255014", "display_name": "State Key Laboratory for Spintronic Devices and Technologies", "ror": "https://ror.org/02gnwjv43", "country_code": "CN", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405255014"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bo Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies 1 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311305,"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies 1 , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311305,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4405255014"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "advent": [1], "of": [2, 15, 23, 27, 32, 41, 78, 113, 123, 147, 174], "the": [3, 13, 21, 30, 39, 47, 76, 103, 109, 121, 124, 135, 138, 148, 172, 177, 184, 192], "new": [4], "AI": [5, 34, 69], "era": [6], "has": [7], "led": [8], "to": [9, 74, 87, 163, 191], "an": [10, 55, 89], "increase": [11], "in": [12, 18, 38, 94, 167, 186], "number": [14, 173], "intelligent": [16], "terminals": [17], "use": [19], "and": [20, 44, 51, 93, 111, 151, 158, 183], "generation": [22], "a": [24, 83, 153, 164], "vast": [25], "amount": [26], "data,": [28], "driving": [29], "development": [31], "novel": [33, 84], "accelerator": [35], "techniques.": [36], "However,": [37], "pursuit": [40], "high": [42, 45], "speed": [43], "efficiency,": [46], "rising": [48], "privacy": [49], "risks": [50], "security": [52, 77], "concerns": [53], "pose": [54], "urgent": [56], "need": [57], "for": [58, 68, 129, 156], "highly": [59], "applicable": [60], "encryption": [61], "solutions": [62], "without": [63, 98], "heavily": [64], "increasing": [65], "hardware": [66, 100], "cost": [67], "accelerators.": [70], "In": [71], "this": [72], "work,": [73], "enhance": [75], "computing-in-memory": [79, 149], "architecture,": [80], "we": [81], "propose": [82], "half-complementary": [85, 125, 141], "cipher": [86, 142], "provide": [88], "effective": [90], "information": [91], "shield": [92], "situ": [95], "decryption": [96, 110], "function": [97], "sacrificing": [99], "cost.": [101], "With": [102], "integrated": [104], "4": [105], "Kb": [106], "STT-MRAM": [107], "system,": [108], "inference": [112], "speech": [114], "command": [115], "classification": [116], "is": [117], "experimentally": [118], "demonstrated,": [119], "validating": [120], "feasibility": [122], "cipher.": [126, 195], "Simulation": [127], "results": [128], "larger": [130], "neural": [131], "networks": [132], "also": [133], "substantiate": [134], "effectiveness.": [136], "Moreover,": [137], "2T2R": [139], "structure-based": [140], "facilitates": [143], "further": [144], "scaling": [145], "up": [146], "architecture": [150], "offers": [152], "promising": [154], "avenue": [155], "secure": [157], "efficient": [159], "edge": [160], "AI,": [161], "thanks": [162], "\u223c50%": [165], "reduction": [166], "three": [168], "key": [169], "factors,": [170], "including": [171], "memory": [175], "cells,": [176], "maximum": [178], "accumulative": [179], "source": [180], "line": [181], "current,": [182], "noise": [185], "its": [187], "worst-case": [188], "scenario,": [189], "compared": [190], "conventional": [193], "XOR": [194]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.5907999873161316, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.5907999873161316, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10237", "display_name": "Cryptography and Data Security", "score": 0.06719999760389328, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12122", "display_name": "Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security", "score": 0.06350000202655792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1063/5.0258756", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0258756", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S189917590", "display_name": "AIP Advances", "issn_l": "2158-3226", "issn": ["2158-3226"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "doaj", "jufo-1", "ki-jl-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320257", "host_organization_name": "American Institute of Physics", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["American Institute of Physics"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "AIP Advances", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4415320937", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2025.103604", "title": "SpikeFlow: A hardware\u2013software co-designed systolic array for spiking neural networks", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-18", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100458005", "display_name": "Jianan Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1344-237X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1344-237X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jianan Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, Deya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China", "National University of Defense Technology, Deya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, Deya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "National University of Defense Technology, Deya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101658107", "display_name": "Yang Shi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4651-865X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4651-865X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yang Shi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, Deya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China", "National University of Defense Technology, Deya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, Deya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "National University of Defense Technology, Deya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101981757", "display_name": "Zhaoyun Chen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3628-2252", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3628-2252"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhaoyun Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, Deya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China", "National University of Defense Technology, Deya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, Deya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "National University of Defense Technology, Deya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101937502", "display_name": "Mei Wen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5875-3297", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5875-3297"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mei Wen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, Deya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China", "National University of Defense Technology, Deya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, Deya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "National University of Defense Technology, Deya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9136000275611877, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9136000275611877, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.04309999942779541, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.006300000008195639, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/j.sysarc.2025.103604", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2025.103604", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127660348", "display_name": "Journal of Systems Architecture", "issn_l": "1383-7621", "issn": ["1383-7621", "1873-6165"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-2", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Systems Architecture", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4416423380", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112558", "title": "Exploring environmental sustainability of artificial intelligence in radiology: A scoping review", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-20", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024303970", "display_name": "M\u00e9lanie Champendal", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1465-4334", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1465-4334"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I173439891", "display_name": "HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland", "ror": "https://ror.org/01xkakk17", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4401200254", "display_name": "Haute \u00c9cole de Sant\u00e9 Vaud", "ror": "https://ror.org/04j47fz63", "country_code": null, "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891", "https://openalex.org/I4401200254"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I97565354", "display_name": "University of Lausanne", "ror": "https://ror.org/019whta54", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "M\u00e9lanie Champendal", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["HESAV School of Health Sciences. Vaud, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: melanie.champendal@hesav.ch"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1465-4334", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "HESAV School of Health Sciences. Vaud, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: melanie.champendal@hesav.ch", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891", "https://openalex.org/I4401200254", "https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5082468764", "display_name": "Belinda Lokaj", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7498-9830", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7498-9830"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I114457229", "display_name": "University of Geneva", "ror": "https://ror.org/01swzsf04", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I173439891", "display_name": "HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland", "ror": "https://ror.org/01xkakk17", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210088449", "display_name": "HES-SO Gen\u00e8ve", "ror": "https://ror.org/007gfwn20", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891", "https://openalex.org/I4210088449"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Belinda Lokaj", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: belinda.lokaj@hesge.ch"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: belinda.lokaj@hesge.ch", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114457229", "https://openalex.org/I173439891", "https://openalex.org/I4210088449"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5066974852", "display_name": "Valentin Durand de Gevigney", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8714-9355", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8714-9355"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I173439891", "display_name": "HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland", "ror": "https://ror.org/01xkakk17", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210088449", "display_name": "HES-SO Gen\u00e8ve", "ror": "https://ror.org/007gfwn20", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891", "https://openalex.org/I4210088449"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Valentin Durand de Gevigney", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland. Electronic address: valentin.durand-de-gevigney@hesge.ch"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland. Electronic address: valentin.durand-de-gevigney@hesge.ch", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891", "https://openalex.org/I4210088449"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5076049167", "display_name": "Ga\u00ebl Brul\u00e9", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4560-8696", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4560-8696"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I173439891", "display_name": "HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland", "ror": "https://ror.org/01xkakk17", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210088449", "display_name": "HES-SO Gen\u00e8ve", "ror": "https://ror.org/007gfwn20", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891", "https://openalex.org/I4210088449"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Ga\u00ebl Brul\u00e9", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland. Electronic address: gael.brule@hesge.ch"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland. Electronic address: gael.brule@hesge.ch", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891", "https://openalex.org/I4210088449"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084199339", "display_name": "Jamil Zaghir", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8209-6098", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8209-6098"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I114457229", "display_name": "University of Geneva", "ror": "https://ror.org/01swzsf04", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210106256", "display_name": "University Hospital of Geneva", "ror": "https://ror.org/01m1pv723", "country_code": "CH", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210106256"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jamil Zaghir", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Medical Information Sciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: Jamil.Zaghir@unige.ch"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Medical Information Sciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: Jamil.Zaghir@unige.ch", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114457229", "https://openalex.org/I4210106256"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5120424131", "display_name": "Polina Boiko", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6112-1336", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6112-1336"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I173439891", "display_name": "HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland", "ror": "https://ror.org/01xkakk17", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210088449", "display_name": "HES-SO Gen\u00e8ve", "ror": "https://ror.org/007gfwn20", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891", "https://openalex.org/I4210088449"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Polina Boiko", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland. Electronic address: polina.boiko@hesge.ch"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland. Electronic address: polina.boiko@hesge.ch", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891", "https://openalex.org/I4210088449"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5016557721", "display_name": "Christian Lovis", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2681-8076", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2681-8076"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I114457229", "display_name": "University of Geneva", "ror": "https://ror.org/01swzsf04", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210106256", "display_name": "University Hospital of Geneva", "ror": "https://ror.org/01m1pv723", "country_code": "CH", "type": "healthcare", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210106256"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Christian Lovis", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Medical Information Sciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: Christian.Lovis@unige.ch"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Medical Information Sciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: Christian.Lovis@unige.ch", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114457229", "https://openalex.org/I4210106256"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5061961859", "display_name": "Henning M\u00fcller", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6800-9878", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6800-9878"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I114457229", "display_name": "University of Geneva", "ror": "https://ror.org/01swzsf04", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I173439891", "display_name": "HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland", "ror": "https://ror.org/01xkakk17", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210129267", "display_name": "HES-SO Valais-Wallis", "ror": "https://ror.org/03r5zec51", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891", "https://openalex.org/I4210129267"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Henning M\u00fcller", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Informatics Institute, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais) Sierre, Switzerland; Medical faculty, University of Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: henning.mueller@hevs.ch"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Informatics Institute, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais) Sierre, Switzerland; Medical faculty, University of Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: henning.mueller@hevs.ch", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114457229", "https://openalex.org/I173439891", "https://openalex.org/I4210129267"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5051687634", "display_name": "J\u00e9r\u00f4me Schmid", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-8971", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-8971"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I173439891", "display_name": "HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland", "ror": "https://ror.org/01xkakk17", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210088449", "display_name": "HES-SO Gen\u00e8ve", "ror": "https://ror.org/007gfwn20", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891", "https://openalex.org/I4210088449"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "J\u00e9r\u00f4me Schmid", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland. Electronic address: jerome.schmid@hesge.ch"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland. Electronic address: jerome.schmid@hesge.ch", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891", "https://openalex.org/I4210088449"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5034732196", "display_name": "Ricardo Teresa Ribeiro", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2769-9934", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2769-9934"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I173439891", "display_name": "HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland", "ror": "https://ror.org/01xkakk17", "country_code": "CH", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4401200254", "display_name": "Haute \u00c9cole de Sant\u00e9 Vaud", "ror": "https://ror.org/04j47fz63", "country_code": null, "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891", "https://openalex.org/I4401200254"]}], "countries": ["CH"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Ricardo Teresa Ribeiro", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["HESAV School of Health Sciences. Vaud, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western, Switzerland. Electronic address: ricardo.ribeiro@hesav.ch"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "HESAV School of Health Sciences. Vaud, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western, Switzerland. Electronic address: ricardo.ribeiro@hesav.ch", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I173439891", "https://openalex.org/I4401200254"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"OBJECTIVE:": [0], "Artificial": [1, 260], "intelligence": [2], "(AI)": [3], "is": [4, 231], "increasingly": [5], "used": [6], "in": [7, 33, 88, 226, 256], "radiology,": [8], "but": [9, 230], "its": [10, 41], "environmental": [11, 29, 76, 84], "implications": [12], "have": [13], "not": [14], "been": [15], "sufficiently": [16], "studied,": [17], "so": [18], "far.": [19], "This": [20, 234], "study": [21], "aims": [22], "to": [23, 39, 72, 183, 210, 241], "synthesize": [24], "existing": [25], "literature": [26], "on": [27, 65, 223], "the": [28, 50], "sustainability": [30, 85, 185], "of": [31, 62, 86, 126, 320], "AI": [32, 87, 207, 219, 225, 254], "radiology": [34, 218, 227], "and": [35, 60, 67, 78, 97, 109, 118, 135, 156, 179, 191, 195, 203, 213, 239, 245, 251], "highlights": [36, 236], "strategies": [37, 240], "proposed": [38], "mitigate": [40], "impact.": [42], "METHODS:": [43], "A": [44], "scoping": [45], "review": [46, 235], "was": [47], "conducted": [48, 115], "following": [49], "Joanna": [51], "Briggs": [52], "Institute": [53], "methodology.": [54], "Searches": [55], "across": [56], "MEDLINE,": [57], "Embase,": [58], "CINAHL,": [59], "Web": [61], "Science": [63], "focused": [64], "English": [66], "French": [68], "publications": [69], "from": [70], "2014": [71], "2024,": [73], "targeting": [74], "AI,": [75, 259], "sustainability,": [77], "medical": [79, 89], "imaging.": [80, 90], "Eligible": [81], "studies": [82], "addressed": [83], "Conference": [91], "abstracts,": [92, 108], "non-radiological": [93], "or": [94], "non-human": [95], "studies,": [96], "unavailable": [98], "full": [99, 110], "texts": [100], "were": [101], "excluded.": [102], "Two": [103], "independent": [104], "reviewers": [105, 114], "assessed": [106], "titles,": [107], "texts,": [111], "while": [112], "four": [113, 136], "data": [116], "extraction": [117], "analysis.": [119], "RESULTS:": [120], "The": [121], "search": [122], "identified": [123], "3,723": [124], "results,": [125], "which": [127], "13": [128], "met": [129], "inclusion": [130], "criteria:": [131], "nine": [132], "research": [133, 244], "articles": [134], "reviews.": [137], "Four": [138], "themes": [139], "emerged:": [140], "energy": [141, 177, 204], "consumption": [142, 158], "(n": [143, 148, 153, 159], "=": [144, 149, 154, 160], "10),": [145], "carbon": [146, 202], "footprint": [147], "6),": [150], "computational": [151], "resources": [152], "9),": [155], "water": [157, 180], "2).": [161], "Reported": [162], "metrics": [163, 205, 238], "included": [164, 186], "CO2-equivalent": [165], "emissions,": [166], "training": [167], "time,": [168], "power": [169], "use": [170], "effectiveness,": [171], "equivalent": [172], "distance": [173], "travelled": [174], "by": [175], "car,": [176], "demands,": [178], "consumption.": [181], "Strategies": [182], "enhance": [184], "lightweight": [187], "model": [188], "architectures,": [189], "quantization": [190], "pruning,": [192], "efficient": [193], "optimizers,": [194], "early": [196], "stopping.": [197], "Broader": [198], "recommendations": [199], "encompassed": [200], "integrating": [201], "into": [206], "evaluation,": [208], "transitioning": [209], "cloud": [211], "computing,": [212], "developing": [214], "an": [215], "eco-label": [216], "for": [217], "systems.": [220], "CONCLUSIONS:": [221], "Research": [222], "sustainable": [224], "remains": [228], "scarce": [229], "rapidly": [232], "growing.": [233], "key": [237], "guide": [242], "future": [243], "practice": [246], "toward": [247], "more": [248], "transparent,": [249], "consistent,": [250], "environmentally": [252], "responsible": [253], "development": [255], "radiology.": [257], "ABBREVIATIONS:": [258], "intelligence;": [261], "CNN,": [262], "Convolutional": [263], "neural": [264], "networks;": [265], "CT,": [266], "Computed": [267], "tomography;": [268], "CPU,": [269], "Central": [270], "Processing": [271, 284, 315], "Unit;": [272, 285, 316], "DL,": [273], "Deep": [274], "learning;": [275, 300], "FLOP,": [276], "Floating-point": [277], "operation;": [278], "GHG,": [279], "Greenhouses": [280], "gas;": [281], "GPU,": [282], "Graphics": [283], "LCA,": [286], "Life": [287], "Cycle": [288], "Assessment;": [289], "LLM,": [290], "Large": [291], "Language": [292], "Model;": [293], "MeSH,": [294], "Medical": [295], "Subject": [296], "Headings;": [297], "ML,": [298], "Machine": [299], "MRI,": [301], "Magnetic": [302], "resonance": [303], "imaging;": [304], "NLP,": [305], "Natural": [306], "language": [307], "processing;": [308], "PUE,": [309], "Power": [310], "Usage": [311, 327], "Effectiveness;": [312], "TPU,": [313], "Tensor": [314], "USA,": [317], "United": [318], "States": [319], "America;": [321], "ViT,": [322], "Vision": [323], "Transformer;": [324], "WUE,": [325], "Water": [326], "Effectiveness.": [328]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12238", "display_name": "Green IT and Sustainability", "score": 0.9106000065803528, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12238", "display_name": "Green IT and Sustainability", "score": 0.9106000065803528, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11636", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education", "score": 0.07880000025033951, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2718", "display_name": "Health Informatics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14098", "display_name": "Energy Efficiency in Computing", "score": 0.003700000001117587, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112558", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112558", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S22285447", "display_name": "European Journal of Radiology", "issn_l": "0720-048X", "issn": ["0720-048X", "1872-7727"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "doyens", "jufo-1", "ki-jl-1", "medline", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "European Journal of Radiology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 6, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4409711506", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6049848/v1", "title": "A Novel Obfuscation Method Based on Majority Logic for Preventing Unauthorized Access to Binary Deep Neural Networks", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-04-23", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5098671012", "display_name": "Alireza Mohseni", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5116-7459", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5116-7459"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I48379061", "display_name": "Shahid Beheshti University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0091vmj44", "country_code": "IR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}], "countries": ["IR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alireza Mohseni", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Shahid Beheshti University"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Shahid Beheshti University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002663856", "display_name": "Mohammad Hossein Moaiyeri", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-7923", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-7923"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I48379061", "display_name": "Shahid Beheshti University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0091vmj44", "country_code": "IR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}], "countries": ["IR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mohammad Hossein Moaiyeri", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Shahid Beheshti University"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Shahid Beheshti University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113366560", "display_name": "Mohammad Javad Adel", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2972-6132", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2972-6132"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I48379061", "display_name": "Shahid Beheshti University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0091vmj44", "country_code": "IR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}], "countries": ["IR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mohammad Javad Adel", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Shahid Beheshti University"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Shahid Beheshti University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12122", "display_name": "Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security", "score": 0.9940999746322632, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12122", "display_name": "Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security", "score": 0.9940999746322632, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10951", "display_name": "Cryptographic Implementations and Security", "score": 0.0017000000225380063, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11424", "display_name": "Security and Verification in Computing", "score": 0.001500000013038516, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6049848/v1", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6049848/v1", "pdf_url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6049848/latest.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525896", "display_name": "Research Square", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "acceptedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Research Square", "raw_type": "posted-content"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4416765017", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.19468", "title": "Towards a future space-based, highly scalable AI infrastructure system design", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-22", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5044698998", "display_name": "Blaise Ag\u00fcera y Arcas", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2256-9823", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2256-9823"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Arcas, Blaise Ag\u00fcera y", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5073913092", "display_name": "Travis Roland Beals", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Beals, Travis", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5120387796", "display_name": "Maria Biggs", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Biggs, Maria", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Bloom, Jessica V.", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bloom, Jessica V.", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5003260386", "display_name": "Thomas Fischbacher", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9143-4076", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9143-4076"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Fischbacher, Thomas", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5027518481", "display_name": "Konstantin Gromov", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gromov, Konstantin", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5067371515", "display_name": "Urs K\u00f6ster", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "K\u00f6ster, Urs", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5120618406", "display_name": "Rishiraj Pravahan", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pravahan, Rishiraj", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5055157793", "display_name": "James Manyika", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Manyika, James", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"If": [0], "AI": [1, 13, 43], "is": [2, 25], "a": [3, 55, 135, 141, 158, 165], "foundational": [4], "general-purpose": [5], "technology,": [6], "we": [7], "should": [8], "anticipate": [9], "that": [10, 50], "demand": [11], "for": [12, 59, 119, 152], "compute": [14, 57], "--": [15, 18], "and": [16, 36, 77, 115, 149], "energy": [17, 30], "will": [19], "continue": [20], "to": [21, 104, 124, 140, 171], "grow.": [22], "The": [23], "Sun": [24], "by": [26, 178], "far": [27], "the": [28, 91, 101, 179], "largest": [29], "source": [31], "in": [32, 62, 96], "our": [33], "solar": [34, 70], "system,": [35], "thus": [37], "it": [38], "warrants": [39], "consideration": [40], "how": [41], "future": [42], "infrastructure": [44], "could": [45], "most": [46], "efficiently": [47], "tap": [48], "into": [49], "power.": [51], "This": [52], "work": [53], "explores": [54], "scalable": [56], "system": [58, 163], "machine": [60], "learning": [61, 166], "space,": [63], "using": [64, 74, 120], "fleets": [65], "of": [66, 111, 161], "satellites": [67, 92], "equipped": [68], "with": [69], "arrays,": [71], "inter-satellite": [72, 89], "links": [73], "free-space": [75], "optics,": [76], "Google": [78], "tensor": [79], "processing": [80], "unit": [81], "(TPU)": [82], "accelerator": [83], "chips.": [84], "To": [85], "facilitate": [86], "high-bandwidth,": [87], "low-latency": [88], "communication,": [90], "would": [93], "be": [94], "flown": [95], "close": [97], "proximity.": [98], "We": [99], "illustrate": [100], "basic": [102], "approach": [103, 118], "formation": [105], "flight": [106], "via": [107], "an": [108, 117], "81-satellite": [109], "cluster": [110], "1": [112], "km": [113], "radius,": [114], "describe": [116], "high-precision": [121], "ML-based": [122], "models": [123], "control": [125], "large-scale": [126], "constellations.": [127], "Trillium": [128], "TPUs": [129], "are": [130, 150, 157], "radiation": [131], "tested.": [132], "They": [133], "survive": [134], "total": [136], "ionizing": [137], "dose": [138], "equivalent": [139], "5": [142], "year": [143], "mission": [144], "life": [145], "without": [146], "permanent": [147], "failures,": [148], "characterized": [151], "bit-flip": [153], "errors.": [154], "Launch": [155], "costs": [156], "critical": [159], "part": [160], "overall": [162], "cost;": [164], "curve": [167], "analysis": [168], "suggests": [169], "launch": [170], "low-Earth": [172], "orbit": [173], "(LEO)": [174], "may": [175], "reach": [176], "$\\lesssim$\\$200/kg": [177], "mid-2030s.": [180]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12042", "display_name": "Satellite Communication Systems", "score": 0.49559998512268066, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2202", "display_name": "Aerospace Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12042", "display_name": "Satellite Communication Systems", "score": 0.49559998512268066, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2202", "display_name": "Aerospace Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13436", "display_name": "Space Technology and Applications", "score": 0.18209999799728394, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12717", "display_name": "Space exploration and regulation", "score": 0.11089999973773956, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3103", "display_name": "Astronomy and Astrophysics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.19468", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.19468", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.19468", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": "2331-8422", "issn": ["2331-8422"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "cited_by_count": 6, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4409598779", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2025.106684", "title": "PRLM: A parallel loading mechanism for a deep neural network accelerator based on NoC", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-04-19", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Yiming Ouyang", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I16365422", "display_name": "Hefei University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/02czkny70", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yiming Ouyang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 485, Danxia Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 485, Danxia Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Chengming An", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2142-4170", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2142-4170"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I16365422", "display_name": "Hefei University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/02czkny70", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Chengming An", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 485, Danxia Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2142-4170", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 485, Danxia Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100391364", "display_name": "Jianhua Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7086-7625", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7086-7625"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I16365422", "display_name": "Hefei University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/02czkny70", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jianhua Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 485, Danxia Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 485, Danxia Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5006479576", "display_name": "Huaguo Liang", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I16365422", "display_name": "Hefei University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/02czkny70", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "HuaGuo Liang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Microlectronics, Hefei University of Technology, No. 485, Danxia Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Microlectronics, Hefei University of Technology, No. 485, Danxia Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10829", "display_name": "Interconnection Networks and Systems", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10829", "display_name": "Interconnection Networks and Systems", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 9.999999747378752e-05, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/j.mejo.2025.106684", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2025.106684", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S98831239", "display_name": "Microelectronics Journal", "issn_l": "1879-2391", "issn": ["1879-2391"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-1", "ki-jl-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Microelectronics Journal", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 5, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4406507549", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5890/jvtsd.2025.03.001", "title": "CombOpNet: a Neural-Network Accelerator for SINDy", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-17", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5003255279", "display_name": "Siyuan Xing", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6916-719X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6916-719X", "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4502-3006"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Siyuan Xing", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Qingyu Han", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Qingyu Han", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5107790439", "display_name": "E. G. Charalampidis", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-4431", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-4431"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Efstathios G. Charalampidis", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11206", "display_name": "Model Reduction and Neural Networks", "score": 0.9398999810218811, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3109", "display_name": "Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11206", "display_name": "Model Reduction and Neural Networks", "score": 0.9398999810218811, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3109", "display_name": "Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.028999999165534973, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11236", "display_name": "Control Systems and Identification", "score": 0.016100000590085983, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2207", "display_name": "Control and Systems Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5890/jvtsd.2025.03.001", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5890/jvtsd.2025.03.001", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210199470", "display_name": "Journal of Vibration Testing and System Dynamics", "issn_l": "2475-4811", "issn": ["2475-4811", "2475-482X"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Vibration Testing and System Dynamics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4408828695", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.54097/2pgqmk16", "title": "Edge Computing and Neural Network Accelerators: Optimization and Future Development of Artificial Intelligence Technology", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-03-25", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103067630", "display_name": "Ruoyin Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4292-6808", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4292-6808"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Ruoyin Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Edge": [0, 28], "computing": [1, 29, 31, 83, 179], "and": [2, 13, 25, 39, 41, 55, 66, 77, 106, 135, 151, 159, 166, 185, 189, 200], "neural": [3, 186], "network": [4, 58, 187], "accelerators": [5, 59, 150], "are": [6], "revolutionizing": [7], "the": [8, 71, 79, 87, 112, 122, 174, 191, 214], "landscape": [9], "of": [10, 53, 73, 81, 89, 115, 193, 216], "artificial": [11, 90, 116, 181, 219], "intelligence": [12, 91, 117, 182, 220], "data": [14, 34, 37], "processing": [15], "by": [16], "solving": [17], "critical": [18], "issues": [19], "such": [20, 47, 102, 129, 147], "as": [21, 48, 64, 103, 130, 148], "latency,": [22], "energy": [23], "efficiency,": [24], "real-time": [26], "computing.": [27], "deploys": [30], "resources": [32], "near": [33], "sources,": [35], "optimizes": [36], "transmission": [38], "processing,": [40], "is": [42], "widely": [43], "used": [44], "in": [45, 93, 127, 144, 177, 196, 222], "fields": [46, 199], "smart": [49], "cities,": [50], "industrial": [51], "Internet": [52], "Things,": [54], "telemedicine.": [56], "Neural": [57], "use": [60], "dedicated": [61], "hardware": [62, 145], "(such": [63], "ASICs": [65], "FPGAs)": [67], "to": [68], "significantly": [69], "improve": [70, 156], "performance": [72], "deep": [74], "learning": [75], "models": [76], "overcome": [78], "bottlenecks": [80], "traditional": [82], "architectures.This": [84], "article": [85, 172], "discusses": [86], "integration": [88], "technology": [92, 183, 221], "edge": [94, 178, 217], "computing,": [95], "focusing": [96], "on": [97, 118], "lightweight": [98], "model": [99], "optimization": [100], "technologies": [101, 110, 195], "quantization,": [104], "pruning,": [105], "memory": [107], "optimization.": [108], "These": [109], "promote": [111], "efficient": [113], "deployment": [114], "resource-constrained": [119], "devices,": [120], "laying": [121], "foundation": [123], "for": [124, 212], "transformative": [125], "applications": [126], "areas": [128], "safety": [131], "monitoring,": [132], "medical": [133], "diagnosis,": [134], "autonomous": [136], "systems.": [137], "In": [138], "addition,": [139], "this": [140], "paper": [141], "examines": [142], "innovations": [143], "architecture,": [146], "photon": [149], "modular": [152], "design,": [153], "which": [154], "further": [155], "system": [157], "adaptability": [158], "scalability.Despite": [160], "significant": [161], "progress,": [162], "resource": [163], "constraints,": [164], "security,": [165], "scalability": [167], "remain": [168], "major": [169], "challenges.": [170], "This": [171], "summarizes": [173], "latest": [175], "developments": [176], "frameworks,": [180], "integration,": [184], "accelerators,": [188], "analyzes": [190], "potential": [192], "these": [194], "different": [197], "application": [198], "their": [201], "future": [202, 223], "development": [203, 215], "directions.": [204], "The": [205], "research": [206], "results": [207], "provide": [208], "a": [209], "reference": [210], "path": [211], "promoting": [213], "computing-based": [218], "applications.": [224]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10273", "display_name": "IoT and Edge/Fog Computing", "score": 0.7846999764442444, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10273", "display_name": "IoT and Edge/Fog Computing", "score": 0.7846999764442444, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.20180000364780426, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13038", "display_name": "Internet of Things and AI", "score": 0.0015999999595806003, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1710", "display_name": "Information Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.54097/2pgqmk16", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.54097/2pgqmk16", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4387281017", "display_name": "Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology", "issn_l": "2791-0210", "issn": ["2791-0210", "3080-1761"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core"], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4407113695", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3389/felec.2025.1513127", "title": "Energy-efficient analog-domain aggregator circuit for RRAM-based neural network accelerators", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-02-04", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5069930060", "display_name": "Khaled Humood", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-6593", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-6593"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98677209", "display_name": "University of Edinburgh", "ror": "https://ror.org/01nrxwf90", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Khaled Humood", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["The Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "The Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007389040", "display_name": "Yihan Pan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2666-5540", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2666-5540", "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5095-4739"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98677209", "display_name": "University of Edinburgh", "ror": "https://ror.org/01nrxwf90", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yihan Pan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["The Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "The Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100340285", "display_name": "Shiwei Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5450-2108", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5450-2108", "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8962-3794"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98677209", "display_name": "University of Edinburgh", "ror": "https://ror.org/01nrxwf90", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Shiwei Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["The Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "The Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5017301291", "display_name": "Alexander Serb", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8034-2398", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8034-2398"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98677209", "display_name": "University of Edinburgh", "ror": "https://ror.org/01nrxwf90", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alexander Serb", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["The Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "The Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088089733", "display_name": "Themis Prodromakis", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-6909", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-6909"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98677209", "display_name": "University of Edinburgh", "ror": "https://ror.org/01nrxwf90", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Themis Prodromakis", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["The Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "The Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Recently,": [0], "there": [1], "has": [2, 102], "been": [3, 103], "notable": [4], "progress": [5], "in": [6, 16, 29, 68, 112, 135], "the": [7, 39, 45, 48, 124, 129, 173], "advancement": [8, 171], "of": [9, 41, 47, 79, 145, 150, 176], "RRAM-based": [10, 96], "Compute-In-Memory": [11], "(CIM)": [12], "architectures,": [13], "showing": [14], "promise": [15], "accelerating": [17], "neural": [18], "networks": [19, 33], "with": [20, 117, 123], "remarkable": [21], "energy": [22, 77], "efficiency": [23, 161], "and": [24, 61, 66, 76, 105, 120, 158], "parallelism.": [25], "However,": [26], "challenges": [27], "persist": [28], "fully": [30], "integrating": [31], "large-scale": [32], "onto": [34], "a": [35, 42, 87, 169], "chip,": [36], "particularly": [37], "when": [38], "weights": [40, 54], "layer": [43], "exceed": [44], "capacity": [46], "RRAM": [49, 59], "crossbar.": [50], "In": [51, 82], "such": [52], "cases,": [53], "are": [55], "distributed": [56], "across": [57], "smaller": [58], "crossbars": [60], "aggregated": [62], "using": [63, 107], "tree": [64, 127], "adders": [65], "shifters": [67], "digital": [69, 125], "flow,": [70], "leading": [71], "to": [72], "increased": [73], "system": [74, 93], "complexity": [75], "consumption": [78], "hardware": [80, 179], "accelerators.": [81], "this": [83], "work,": [84], "we": [85], "introduce": [86], "novel": [88], "energy-efficient": [89], "analog": [90, 131], "domain": [91], "aggregator": [92, 132], "designed": [94], "for": [95], "CIM": [97], "systems.": [98, 181], "The": [99], "proposed": [100, 130], "circuit": [101, 110], "verified": [104], "tested": [106], "Virtuoso": [108], "Cadence": [109], "tools": [111], "180": [113], "nm": [114], "CMOS": [115], "technology": [116], "post-layout": [118], "simulations": [119], "analysis.": [121], "Compared": [122], "adder": [126], "approach,": [128], "offers": [133], "improvements": [134], "three": [136], "key": [137], "areas:": [138], "it": [139], "can": [140], "handle": [141], "an": [142], "arbitrary": [143], "number": [144], "inputs": [146], "not": [147], "just": [148], "powers": [149], "2,": [151], "achieves": [152], "lower": [153, 164], "error": [154], "through": [155], "better": [156], "rounding": [157], "improves": [159], "power": [160], "(2.15": [162], "\u00d7": [163], "consumption).": [165], "These": [166], "findings": [167], "mark": [168], "substantial": [170], "towards": [172], "full": [174], "implementation": [175], "efficient": [177], "on-chip": [178], "accelerator": [180]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9961000084877014, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9961000084877014, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.0015999999595806003, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10323", "display_name": "Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design", "score": 0.00139999995008111, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3389/felec.2025.1513127", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/felec.2025.1513127", "pdf_url": "https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/electronics/articles/10.3389/felec.2025.1513127/pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210239987", "display_name": "Frontiers in Electronics", "issn_l": "2673-5857", "issn": ["2673-5857"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "doaj"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320527", "host_organization_name": "Frontiers Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Frontiers Media"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Frontiers in Electronics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4416618403", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.20243", "title": "HHEML: Hybrid Homomorphic Encryption for Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning on Edge", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-23", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Chan, Yu Hin", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chan, Yu Hin", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005698391", "display_name": "Hao Frank Yang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-7295", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-7295"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yang, Hao", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5114006173", "display_name": "Shi-Yu Shen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8274-0090", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8274-0090"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Shen, Shiyu", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5052005279", "display_name": "Xingyu Fan", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Fan, Xingyu", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108948085", "display_name": "Shengzhe Lyu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7331-7700", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7331-7700"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lyu, Shengzhe", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5119939040", "display_name": "Patrick S. Y. Hung", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0322-3611", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0322-3611"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hung, Patrick S. Y.", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5077847474", "display_name": "Ray C. C. Cheung", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6764-0729", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6764-0729"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Cheung, Ray C. C.", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Privacy-preserving": [0], "machine": [1, 11, 212], "learning": [2, 12, 213], "(PPML)": [3], "is": [4, 137, 168], "an": [5, 85, 143], "emerging": [6], "topic": [7], "to": [8, 73, 141, 158, 245], "handle": [9], "secure": [10, 176, 211], "inference": [13, 177], "over": [14, 228], "sensitive": [15], "data": [16, 29], "in": [17, 215, 232, 241], "untrusted": [18], "environments.": [19, 217], "Fully": [20], "homomorphic": [21, 60], "encryption": [22, 61, 69, 234], "(FHE)": [23], "enables": [24], "computation": [25, 47], "directly": [26], "on": [27, 30, 49, 78, 94, 219], "encrypted": [28], "the": [31, 50, 75, 79, 91, 95, 131, 138, 191, 224], "server": [32, 96], "side,": [33, 52, 81, 97], "making": [34, 53, 98], "it": [35, 42, 54, 99], "a": [36, 100, 109, 115, 126, 171, 203, 220, 229, 238], "promising": [37], "approach": [38], "for": [39, 56, 120, 198, 208], "PPML.": [40], "However,": [41], "introduces": [43], "significant": [44], "communication": [45], "and": [46, 82, 103, 123, 162, 182, 201, 236], "overhead": [48, 93], "client": [51, 80], "impractical": [55], "edge": [57, 199], "devices.": [58], "Hybrid": [59], "(HHE)": [62], "addresses": [63], "this": [64, 136], "limitation": [65], "by": [66], "combining": [67, 83], "symmetric": [68, 117], "(SE)": [70], "with": [71, 84, 147, 178, 223], "FHE": [72, 121], "reduce": [74], "computational": [76], "cost": [77], "FHE-friendly": [86], "SE": [87], "can": [88], "also": [89, 153], "lessen": [90], "processing": [92], "more": [101], "balanced": [102], "efficient": [104], "alternative.": [105], "Our": [106, 188], "work": [107, 167], "proposes": [108], "hardware-accelerated": [110], "HHE": [111, 145, 197, 248], "architecture": [112], "built": [113], "around": [114], "lightweight": [116], "cipher": [118], "optimized": [119], "compatibility": [122], "implemented": [124], "as": [125], "dedicated": [127], "hardware": [128, 148, 242], "accelerator.": [129], "To": [130], "best": [132], "of": [133, 193], "our": [134], "knowledge,": [135], "first": [139], "design": [140], "integrate": [142], "end-to-end": [144], "framework": [146], "acceleration.": [149], "Beyond": [150], "this,": [151], "we": [152], "present": [154], "several": [155], "microarchitectural": [156], "optimizations": [157], "achieve": [159], "higher": [160], "performance": [161], "energy": [163], "efficiency.": [164], "The": [165], "proposed": [166], "integrated": [169], "into": [170], "full": [172], "PPML": [173], "pipeline,": [174], "enabling": [175], "significantly": [179], "lower": [180], "latency": [181, 235], "power": [183], "consumption": [184], "than": [185], "software": [186, 205], "implementations.": [187], "contributions": [189], "validate": [190], "feasibility": [192], "low-power,": [194], "hardware-": [195, 204], "accelerated": [196], "deployment": [200], "provide": [202], "co-design": [206], "methodology": [207], "building": [209], "scalable,": [210], "systems": [214], "resource-constrained": [216], "Experiments": [218], "PYNQ-Z2": [221], "platform": [222], "MNIST": [225], "dataset": [226], "show": [227], "50x": [230], "reduction": [231], "client-side": [233], "nearly": [237], "2x": [239], "gain": [240], "throughput": [243], "compared": [244], "existing": [246], "FPGA-based": [247], "accelerators.": [249]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10237", "display_name": "Cryptography and Data Security", "score": 0.7865999937057495, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10237", "display_name": "Cryptography and Data Security", "score": 0.7865999937057495, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10951", "display_name": "Cryptographic Implementations and Security", "score": 0.10350000113248825, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11424", "display_name": "Security and Verification in Computing", "score": 0.03909999877214432, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.20243", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20243", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.20243", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": "2331-8422", "issn": ["2331-8422"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4413384480", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2025.104282", "title": "Real-time high-resolution hardware\u2013software co-design neural architecture search for unmanned mobile platforms", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-08-21", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5092546842", "display_name": "Dou ZiWen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0732-2486", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0732-2486"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210109779", "display_name": "China Academy of Safety Sciences and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01pwpsm46", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210109779"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "ZiWen Dou", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Anquan Building, No. 32 North Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0732-2486", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Anquan Building, No. 32 North Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210109779"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5047337082", "display_name": "Jun Tian", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6505-2432", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6505-2432", "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5744-3234"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210109779", "display_name": "China Academy of Safety Sciences and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01pwpsm46", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210109779"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jun Tian", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Anquan Building, No. 32 North Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Anquan Building, No. 32 North Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210109779"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "HaiQuan Sang", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210109779", "display_name": "China Academy of Safety Sciences and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01pwpsm46", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210109779"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "HaiQuan Sang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Anquan Building, No. 32 North Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Anquan Building, No. 32 North Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210109779"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108605168", "display_name": "Mingming Zhang", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210109779", "display_name": "China Academy of Safety Sciences and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01pwpsm46", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210109779"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "MingMing Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Anquan Building, No. 32 North Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Anquan Building, No. 32 North Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210109779"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11307", "display_name": "Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning", "score": 0.00019999999494757503, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10531", "display_name": "Advanced Vision and Imaging", "score": 0.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2025.104282", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2025.104282", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S30128005", "display_name": "Journal of Network and Computer Applications", "issn_l": "1084-8045", "issn": ["1084-8045", "1095-8592"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-1", "ki-jl-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Network and Computer Applications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7114806965", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.32403/1998-6912-2025-2-71-140-154", "title": "ANALYSIS OF COMPUTER VISION MODEL OPTIMIZATION METHODS FOR EDGE DEVICES WITH NEURAL NETWORK ACCELERATORS", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "article", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Yu. F. Petiak", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yu. F. Petiak", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9980000257492065, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9980000257492065, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10273", "display_name": "IoT and Edge/Fog Computing", "score": 0.00139999995008111, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13674", "display_name": "Computer Science and Engineering", "score": 9.999999747378752e-05, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.32403/1998-6912-2025-2-71-140-154", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.32403/1998-6912-2025-2-71-140-154", "pdf_url": "https://doi.org/10.32403/1998-6912-2025-2-71-140-154", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210196201", "display_name": "Scientific Papers (Ukrainian Academy of Printing)", "issn_l": "1998-6912", "issn": ["1998-6912"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Scientific Papers (Ukrainian Academy of Printing)", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4408030076", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3540346", "title": "All-Rounder: A Flexible AI Accelerator With Diverse Data Format Support and Morphable Structure for Multi-DNN Processing", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-02-28", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5046532535", "display_name": "Seock-Hwan Noh", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2949", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2949"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I193352282", "display_name": "Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03frjya69", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Seock-Hwan Noh", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2949", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041023277", "display_name": "Seungpyo Lee", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I193352282", "display_name": "Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03frjya69", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Seungpyo Lee", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DGIST, Daegu, South Korea"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DGIST, Daegu, South Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102571804", "display_name": "Banseok Shin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7399-7912", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7399-7912"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I193352282", "display_name": "Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03frjya69", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Banseok Shin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DGIST, Daegu, South Korea"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DGIST, Daegu, South Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020148706", "display_name": "Sehun Park", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I193352282", "display_name": "Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03frjya69", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sehun Park", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5036660202", "display_name": "Yongjoo Jang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-0559", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-0559"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I197347611", "display_name": "Korea University", "ror": "https://ror.org/047dqcg40", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yongjoo Jang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079872127", "display_name": "Jaeha Kung", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-8602", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-8602", "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2027-8531"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I197347611", "display_name": "Korea University", "ror": "https://ror.org/047dqcg40", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jaeha Kung", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2027-8531", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Recognizing": [0], "the": [1, 5, 42, 56, 67, 80, 133, 158, 162, 179, 188, 200, 206], "explosive": [2], "increase": [3], "in": [4], "use": [6], "of": [7, 41, 47, 65, 161, 171, 205], "artificial": [8], "intelligence": [9], "(AI)-based": [10], "applications,": [11], "several": [12], "industrial": [13], "companies": [14], "developed": [15], "custom": [16], "application-specific": [17], "integrated": [18], "circuits": [19], "(ASICs)": [20], "(e.g.,": [21], "Google": [22], "TPU,": [23], "IBM": [24], "RaPiD,": [25], "and": [26, 29, 63, 75, 112, 202, 216], "Intel": [27], "NNP-I/NNP-T)": [28], "constructed": [30], "a": [31, 120], "hyperscale": [32], "cloud": [33], "infrastructure": [34], "with": [35, 125, 128, 190, 209], "them.": [36], "These": [37], "ASICs": [38, 68], "perform": [39], "operations": [40], "inference": [43], "or": [44, 86], "training": [45], "process": [46], "AI": [48, 57, 221], "models": [49, 58], "which": [50, 104], "are": [51], "requested": [52], "by": [53, 166], "users.": [54], "Since": [55], "have": [59], "different": [60, 211], "data": [61, 73, 115, 195], "formats": [62, 74], "types": [64], "operations,": [66], "need": [69], "to": [70, 147, 176, 187, 225], "support": [71, 148], "diverse": [72], "various": [76, 149, 220], "operation": [77, 154], "shapes.": [78], "However,": [79], "previous": [81], "ASIC": [82], "solutions": [83], "do": [84], "not": [85], "less": [87], "fulfill": [88], "these": [89, 93, 126], "requirements.": [90], "To": [91], "overcome": [92], "limitations,": [94], "we": [95, 118, 198], "first": [96], "present": [97], "an": [98, 168], "area-efficient": [99], "multiplier,": [100, 103], "named": [101, 173], "all-in-one": [102, 181], "supports": [105], "multiple": [106, 140], "bit-widths": [107], "for": [108, 193], "both": [109], "integer": [110], "(INT)": [111], "floating-point": [113], "(FP)": [114], "types.": [116, 155], "Then,": [117, 197], "build": [119], "multiply-and-accumulation": [121], "(MAC)": [122], "array": [123, 135, 165], "equipped": [124], "multipliers": [127, 192], "multiformat": [129], "support.": [130], "In": [131], "addition,": [132], "MAC": [134, 164], "can": [136, 143], "be": [137, 144], "partitioned": [138], "into": [139], "blocks": [141], "that": [142], "flexibly": [145], "fused": [146], "deep": [150], "neural": [151], "network": [152], "(DNN)": [153], "We": [156], "evaluate": [157], "practical": [159], "effectiveness": [160], "proposed": [163, 180, 207], "making": [167], "accelerator": [169], "out": [170], "it,": [172], "All-rounder.": [174], "According": [175], "our": [177], "evaluation,": [178], "multiplier": [182], "occupies$1.49\\times": [183], "$smaller": [184], "area": [185], "compared": [186], "baselines": [189], "dedicated": [191], "each": [194], "format.": [196], "compare": [199], "performance": [201], "energy": [203], "efficiency": [204, 218], "All-rounder": [208], "three": [210], "accelerators": [212], "showing": [213], "consistent": [214], "speedup": [215], "higher": [217], "across": [219], "benchmarks": [222], "from": [223], "vision": [224], "large": [226], "language": [227, 230], "model": [228], "(LLM)-based": [229], "tasks.": [231]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.5814999938011169, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.5814999938011169, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.19349999725818634, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.05550000071525574, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3540346", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3540346", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S37538908", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems", "issn_l": "1063-8210", "issn": ["1063-8210", "1557-9999"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-2", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4417300609", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.12292", "title": "SpikeX: Exploring Accelerator Architecture and Network-Hardware Co-Optimization for Sparse Spiking Neural Networks", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-18", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101268560", "display_name": "Boxun Xu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2896-6632", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2896-6632"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xu, Boxun", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Boone, Richard", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Boone, Richard", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100432782", "display_name": "Peng Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3548-4589", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3548-4589"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Li, Peng", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Spiking": [0], "Neural": [1], "Networks": [2], "(SNNs)": [3], "are": [4, 25, 33], "promising": [5], "biologically": [6], "plausible": [7], "models": [8], "of": [9, 21, 45, 119, 164, 206], "computation": [10], "which": [11], "utilize": [12], "a": [13, 42, 93, 172, 203], "spiking": [14], "binary": [15], "activation": [16], "function": [17], "similar": [18], "to": [19, 28, 59, 79, 101], "that": [20], "biological": [22], "neurons.": [23], "SNNs": [24, 67], "well": [26], "positioned": [27], "process": [29], "spatiotemporal": [30], "data,": [31], "and": [32, 38, 72, 106, 137, 141, 150, 157, 167, 193], "advantageous": [34], "in": [35, 208], "ultra-low": [36], "power": [37], "real-time": [39], "processing.": [40], "Despite": [41], "large": [43], "body": [44], "work": [46], "on": [47, 103], "conventional": [48], "artificial": [49], "neural": [50], "network": [51, 166, 189], "accelerators,": [52], "much": [53], "less": [54], "attention": [55], "has": [56], "been": [57], "given": [58], "efficient": [60, 125], "SNN": [61, 96, 165, 179], "hardware": [62, 85, 142, 168, 183], "accelerator": [63, 97, 184, 194], "design.": [64], "In": [65, 88], "particular,": [66], "exhibit": [68], "inherent": [69], "unstructured": [70, 110], "spatial": [71], "temporal": [73], "firing": [74], "sparsity,": [75], "an": [76, 124], "opportunity": [77], "yet": [78], "be": [80], "fully": [81], "explored": [82], "for": [83, 144], "great": [84], "processing": [86], "efficiency.": [87], "this": [89], "work,": [90], "we": [91, 170], "propose": [92], "novel": [94], "systolic-array": [95], "architecture,": [98], "called": [99], "SpikeX,": [100], "take": [102], "the": [104, 116, 162], "challenges": [105], "opportunities": [107], "stemming": [108], "from": [109], "sparsity": [111], "while": [112], "taking": [113], "into": [114], "account": [115], "unique": [117], "characteristics": [118], "spike-based": [120], "computation.": [121], "By": [122], "developing": [123], "dataflow": [126], "targeting": [127], "expensive": [128], "multi-bit": [129], "weight": [130, 190], "data": [131, 139], "movements,": [132], "SpikeX": [133], "reduces": [134], "memory": [135], "access": [136], "increases": [138], "sharing": [140], "utilization": [143], "computations": [145], "spanning": [146], "across": [147], "both": [148], "time": [149], "space,": [151], "thereby": [152], "significantly": [153], "improving": [154], "energy": [155], "efficiency": [156], "inference": [158], "latency.": [159], "Furthermore,": [160], "recognizing": [161], "importance": [163], "co-design,": [169], "develop": [171], "co-optimization": [173], "methodology": [174], "facilitating": [175], "not": [176], "only": [177], "hardware-aware": [178], "training": [180], "but": [181], "also": [182], "architecture": [185], "search,": [186], "allowing": [187], "joint": [188], "parameter": [191], "optimization": [192], "architectural": [195], "reconfiguration.": [196], "This": [197], "end-to-end": [198], "network/accelerator": [199], "co-design": [200], "approach": [201], "offers": [202], "significant": [204], "reduction": [205], "15.1x-150.87x": [207], "energy-delay-product(EDP)": [209], "without": [210], "comprising": [211], "model": [212], "accuracy.": [213]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9800000190734863, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9800000190734863, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.0052999998442828655, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.004900000058114529, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.12292", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12292", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.12292", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": "2331-8422", "issn": ["2331-8422"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4412347753", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.36713/epra23011", "title": "NEUROMORPHIC IN-MEMORY COMPUTING FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT AI: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-07-11", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5118955603", "display_name": "P R Pournima", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Pournima P R", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Bengaluru, Karnataka, India", "institution_ids": []}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"As": [0, 120], "the": [1, 50, 75, 97, 114, 126, 145, 149, 165, 168, 183, 189, 195], "demand": [2, 81, 127], "for": [3, 13, 60, 77, 128, 174, 210], "artificial": [4, 61], "intelligence": [5, 62], "continues": [6], "to": [7, 106, 137, 163, 201], "grow,": [8], "there": [9], "is": [10, 25, 158], "a": [11, 44], "need": [12, 76], "specialized": [14, 100], "hardware": [15, 58], "that": [16], "can": [17], "efficiently": [18], "process": [19], "and": [20, 74, 96, 141, 197, 206, 220], "power": [21, 92], "AI": [22, 72, 121, 176, 211], "algorithms.": [23], "This": [24, 199], "where": [26], "VLSI": [27, 47, 84, 109, 130], "(Very": [28], "Large-Scale": [29, 225], "Integration)": [30], "design": [31, 48], "comes": [32], "into": [33], "play.": [34], "By": [35], "integrating": [36], "millions,": [37], "or": [38], "even": [39], "billions,": [40], "of": [41, 52, 67, 71, 99, 117, 167, 192, 217], "transistors": [42], "onto": [43], "single": [45], "chip,": [46], "enables": [49], "creation": [51], "powerful": [53], "AI-integrated": [54], "circuits.": [55], "However,": [56], "designing": [57], "specifically": [59], "poses": [63], "its": [64], "own": [65], "set": [66], "challenges.": [68], "The": [69], "complexity": [70], "algorithms": [73, 122], "parallel": [78], "processing": [79], "capabilities": [80], "innovative": [82], "solutions.": [83], "designers": [85, 110], "must": [86, 111, 134], "carefully": [87], "consider": [88], "factors": [89], "such": [90], "as": [91], "consumption,": [93, 208], "heat": [94], "dissipation,": [95], "integration": [98], "neural": [101, 250], "network": [102], "accelerators.": [103], "In": [104], "addition": [105], "these": [107], "considerations,": [108], "also": [112], "address": [113], "scaling": [115], "limitations": [116, 146, 166], "semiconductor": [118, 153], "technology.": [119], "become": [123], "more": [124], "complex,": [125], "advanced": [129], "architecture": [131], "increases.": [132], "Designers": [133], "find": [135], "ways": [136], "enhance": [138], "transistor": [139], "density": [140], "performance": [142], "while": [143], "overcoming": [144], "imposed": [147], "by": [148, 188], "physical": [150], "laws": [151], "governing": [152], "manufacturing.": [154], "In-Memory": [155], "Computing": [156], "(IMC)": [157], "an": [159], "emerging": [160], "paradigm": [161], "designed": [162], "overcome": [164], "traditional": [169], "Von": [170], "Neumann": [171], "architecture,": [172], "particularly": [173], "energy-efficient": [175], "applications.": [177], "Traditional": [178], "computing": [179, 232], "systems": [180], "suffer": [181], "from": [182], "\"memory": [184], "wall\"\u2014a": [185], "bottleneck": [186], "caused": [187], "constant": [190], "transfer": [191], "data": [193, 221], "between": [194], "CPU": [196], "memory.": [198], "leads": [200], "inefficiencies": [202], "in": [203], "latency,": [204], "bandwidth,": [205], "energy": [207], "especially": [209], "tasks": [212], "which": [213], "involve": [214], "huge": [215], "volumes": [216], "matrix": [218], "operations": [219], "movement.": [222], "Keywords:": [223], "Very": [224], "Integration": [226], "(VLSI),": [227], "Artificial": [228], "Intelligence": [229], "(AI),": [230], "In-memory": [231], "(IMC),": [233], "Neuromorphic,": [234], "multiply-and-accumulate": [235], "(MAC),": [236], "RRAM": [237], "(Resistive": [238], "RAM),": [239, 242], "MRAM": [240], "(Magnetoresistive": [241], "PCM": [243], "(Phase-Change": [244], "Memory),": [245], "FeFET": [246], "(Ferroelectric": [247], "FET),": [248], "spiking": [249], "networks": [251], "(SNNs)": [252]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 9.999999747378752e-05, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.36713/epra23011", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.36713/epra23011", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210188286", "display_name": "EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD)", "issn_l": "2455-7838", "issn": ["2455-7838"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD)", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7149623324", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.71465/ajesvd1333", "title": "FPGA Design for High-Performance Embedded Systems", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-04-30", "type": "article", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Dr. John Smith", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I95457486", "display_name": "University of California, Berkeley", "ror": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Dr. John Smith", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Field": [0], "Programmable": [1], "Gate": [2], "Arrays": [3], "(FPGAs)": [4], "have": [5], "emerged": [6], "as": [7, 39], "an": [8], "ideal": [9], "solution": [10], "for": [11, 31], "high-performance": [12], "embedded": [13, 33, 45, 83], "systems,": [14], "offering": [15], "a": [16], "balance": [17], "between": [18], "flexibility,": [19], "parallel": [20], "processing,": [21, 41], "and": [22, 44, 64, 88], "low": [23], "latency.": [24], "This": [25], "paper": [26], "explores": [27], "FPGA": [28, 71], "design": [29, 57], "techniques": [30], "optimizing": [32], "systems": [34, 84], "across": [35], "various": [36], "applications": [37, 72], "such": [38], "real-time": [40], "machine": [42], "learning,": [43], "control": [46], "systems.": [47], "We": [48], "analyze": [49], "the": [50, 78], "architecture": [51], "of": [52, 82], "FPGAs,": [53], "focusing": [54], "on": [55, 70], "key": [56], "aspects": [58], "like": [59], "resource": [60], "allocation,": [61], "clock": [62], "management,": [63], "hardware/software": [65], "co-design.": [66], "Practical": [67], "case": [68], "studies": [69], "demonstrate": [73], "their": [74], "ability": [75], "to": [76], "meet": [77], "demanding": [79], "performance": [80], "requirements": [81], "while": [85], "maintaining": [86], "efficiency": [87], "scalability.": [89]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.9945999979972839, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.9945999979972839, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13292", "display_name": "Embedded Systems and FPGA Applications", "score": 0.002899999963119626, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12941", "display_name": "Embedded Systems and FPGA Design", "score": 0.0019000000320374966, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2207", "display_name": "Control and Systems Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.71465/ajesvd1333", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.71465/ajesvd1333", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407056416", "display_name": "American Journal of Embedded Systems and VLSI Design", "issn_l": "2688-2345", "issn": ["2688-2345"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "American Journal of Embedded Systems and VLSI Design", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4407690834", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2024.3521394", "title": "ISARA: An Island-Style Systolic Array Reconfigurable Accelerator Based on Memristors for Deep Neural Networks", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-02-18", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102733732", "display_name": "Fan Yang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4376-1328", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4376-1328"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Fan Yang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4376-1328", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Nan Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8332-9466", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8332-9466"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nan Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8332-9466", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101709753", "display_name": "Letian Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4433-2966", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4433-2966", "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1359-2863", "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7049-5960"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Letian Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5063163335", "display_name": "Pinfeng Jiang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3242-1574", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3242-1574"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pinfeng Jiang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3242-1574", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100607861", "display_name": "Xiangshui Miao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-5495", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-5495"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "display_name": "Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c9ncn37", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiangshui Miao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China", "Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-5495", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068351845", "display_name": "Xingsheng Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-2033", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-2033"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "display_name": "Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/03c9ncn37", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I47720641", "display_name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/00p991c53", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xingsheng Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China", "Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-2033", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210138186", "https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 106, 216], "demand": [1], "for": [2, 51, 187, 225], "edge": [3, 29, 44, 76], "artificial": [4], "intelligence": [5], "(AI)": [6], "is": [7, 31, 236], "significant,": [8], "particularly": [9], "in": [10], "revolutionary": [11], "technological": [12], "areas": [13], "such": [14], "as": [15], "the": [16, 39, 70, 80, 99, 103, 127, 139, 152, 167, 180, 188, 194], "Internet": [17], "of": [18, 43, 75, 83, 108, 142, 171, 182], "Things,": [19], "autonomous": [20], "driving,": [21], "and": [22, 27, 37, 41, 72, 137, 158, 169, 212, 227, 232], "industrial": [23], "control.": [24], "However,": [25], "reliable": [26], "high-performance": [28], "AI": [30, 45], "still": [32], "constrained": [33], "by": [34, 79, 238], "computing": [35], "hardware,": [36], "improving": [38], "performance": [40, 73], "reliability": [42, 71, 181], "accelerators": [46, 186], "remains": [47], "a": [48, 56, 88, 123, 147, 172], "key": [49], "focus": [50], "researchers.": [52], "This": [53, 163], "work": [54, 86, 121, 164], "proposes": [55, 87], "memristor/resistive": [57], "random": [58], "access": [59], "memory": [60], "(RRAM)-based": [61], "island-style": [62, 81], "systolic": [63, 104, 184], "array": [64, 185], "reconfigurable": [65], "accelerator": [66, 174, 196], "(ISARA)": [67], "that": [68], "meets": [69], "requirements": [74], "AI.": [77], "Inspired": [78], "architecture": [82, 90], "FPGAs,": [84], "this": [85, 120], "flexible-tile": [89], "based": [91, 175], "on": [92, 176], "RRAM": [93, 177], "processing": [94, 112, 234], "element": [95], "(PE)": [96], "islands,": [97], "optimizing": [98], "data": [100, 111], "flow": [101], "within": [102, 126], "array.": [105], "design": [107, 168], "network-on-chip": [109], "reduces": [110, 131], "latency.": [113], "In": [114], "addition,": [115], "to": [116, 160, 201, 204, 229], "enhance": [117], "computational": [118, 208], "efficiency,": [119], "incorporates": [122], "bit-fusion": [124], "scheme": [125], "flexible": [128, 214], "tile,": [129], "which": [130], "analog-to-digital": [132], "converter": [133], "(ADC)": [134], "power": [135], "consumption": [136], "addresses": [138], "conductance": [140], "variation": [141], "RRAM.": [143], "To": [144], "date,": [145], "only": [146], "few": [148], "works": [149], "have": [150], "completed": [151], "entire": [153], "process": [154], "from": [155], "simulation,": [156], "design,": [157], "fabrication": [159], "hardware": [161, 195], "testing.": [162], "fully": [165], "realizes": [166], "validation": [170], "new": [173], "chips,": [178], "demonstrating": [179], "RRAM-based": [183], "first": [189], "time.": [190], "After": [191], "deploying": [192], "algorithms,": [193], "achieved": [197], "recognition": [198], "rates": [199], "comparable": [200], "software.": [202], "Compared": [203], "similar": [205], "works,": [206], "ISARA\u2019s": [207, 233], "efficiency": [209], "exceeds": [210], "theirs": [211], "has": [213], "reconfigurability.": [215], "same": [217], "deep": [218], "neural": [219], "network": [220], "(DNN)": [221], "models": [222], "are": [223], "adopted": [224], "evaluation": [226], "compared": [228], "other": [230], "accelerators,": [231], "latency": [235], "reduced": [237], "200": [239], "times.": [240]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9976000189781189, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9976000189781189, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.0006000000284984708, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.0003000000142492354, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2024.3521394", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2024.3521394", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S37538908", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems", "issn_l": "1063-8210", "issn": ["1063-8210", "1557-9999"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-2", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 8, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4416135498", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7944463/v1", "title": "FPGA based Implementation of Neuromorphic Neural Networks for Early Detection of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-12", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5026020505", "display_name": "B. A. Sujathakumari", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6244-0835", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6244-0835"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "B A Sujathakumari", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSSSTU Mysore"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSSSTU Mysore", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5054867648", "display_name": "Usha Rani M.", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Usha Rani C M", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSSSTU Mysore"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSSSTU Mysore", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110245334", "display_name": "M Shalini", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0740-5534", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0740-5534"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "M S Shalini", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSSSTU Mysore"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSSSTU Mysore", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5003299409", "display_name": "N S Sneha", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9880-6923", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9880-6923"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "N S Sneha", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSSSTU Mysore"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSSSTU Mysore", "institution_ids": []}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10009", "display_name": "Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research", "score": 0.3537999987602234, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2738", "display_name": "Psychiatry and Mental health"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10009", "display_name": "Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research", "score": 0.3537999987602234, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2738", "display_name": "Psychiatry and Mental health"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.09300000220537186, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.0640999972820282, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7944463/v1", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7944463/v1", "pdf_url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7944463/latest.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525896", "display_name": "Research Square", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "acceptedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": "Research Square", "raw_type": "posted-content"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7109127464", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17827703", "title": "Foundry-Aware NAS: Automating System-Level Co-Optimization for Next-Generation AI Accelerators", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-05", "type": "article", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Revista, Zen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Revista, Zen", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008", "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "IA, 10", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "IA, 10", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008", "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "relentless": [1], "demand": [2], "for": [3, 161, 196], "higher": [4], "performance": [5], "and": [6, 66, 94, 108, 135, 149, 155, 165, 181, 194], "energy": [7], "efficiency": [8, 193], "in": [9, 17, 144], "artificial": [10], "intelligence": [11], "workloads": [12], "necessitates": [13], "a": [14, 53], "paradigm": [15, 187], "shift": [16], "the": [18, 71, 102, 118, 126, 159, 168, 172], "design": [19, 25, 35, 87, 109, 128, 179], "of": [20, 146, 174, 192], "specialized": [21], "AI": [22, 198], "accelerators.": [23, 199], "Traditional": [24], "methodologies": [26], "often": [27], "involve": [28], "sequential": [29], "optimization": [30, 120, 176], "stages,": [31], "separating": [32], "neural": [33, 132], "architecture": [34], "from": [36], "hardware": [37, 137], "implementation": [38], "details,": [39], "leading": [40], "to": [41, 130], "suboptimal": [42], "solutions.": [43], "This": [44], "paper": [45], "introduces": [46], "Foundry-Aware": [47, 75], "Neural": [48], "Architecture": [49], "Search": [50], "(Foundry-Aware": [51], "NAS),": [52], "novel": [54], "framework": [55], "that": [56, 139], "automates": [57], "system-level": [58], "co-optimization": [59], "by": [60, 82, 101], "integrating": [61, 162], "detailed": [62], "foundry": [63], "process": [64], "parameters": [65], "manufacturing": [67, 115], "constraints": [68], "directly": [69, 99], "into": [70, 117], "NAS": [72, 76, 80, 169], "search": [73], "loop.": [74], "extends": [77], "existing": [78], "hardware-aware": [79], "approaches": [81], "considering": [83], "critical": [84], "low-level": [85], "physical": [86], "metrics": [88], "such": [89], "as": [90], "yield,": [91], "power": [92], "density,": [93], "area": [95], "utilization,": [96], "which": [97], "are": [98, 140], "influenced": [100], "target": [103], "silicon": [104], "foundry's": [105], "technology": [106], "node": [107], "rules.": [110], "By": [111], "incorporating": [112], "these": [113], "real-world": [114], "considerations": [116], "multi-objective": [119, 175], "function,": [121], "our": [122], "approach": [123], "systematically": [124], "explores": [125], "vast": [127], "space": [129], "identify": [131], "network": [133], "architectures": [134], "corresponding": [136], "mappings": [138], "not": [141], "only": [142], "high-performing": [143], "terms": [145], "accuracy,": [147], "latency,": [148], "power,": [150], "but": [151], "also": [152], "highly": [153], "manufacturable": [154], "cost-effective.": [156], "We": [157], "detail": [158], "methodology": [160], "foundry-specific": [163], "models": [164], "proxies": [166], "within": [167], "framework,": [170], "discuss": [171], "challenges": [173], "across": [177], "divergent": [178], "metrics,": [180], "present": [182], "how": [183], "this": [184], "integrated": [185], "co-design": [186], "can": [188], "unlock": [189], "unprecedented": [190], "levels": [191], "scalability": [195], "next-generation": [197]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.8471999764442444, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.8471999764442444, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.02969999983906746, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.026399999856948853, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5281/zenodo.17827703", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17827703", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562", "display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "JournalArticle"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4414693443", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3616079", "title": "CoolDawn: A Thermal-Aware Technique to Enhance Lifetime of Neural Network Accelerators", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058671509", "display_name": "Paria Darbani", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1173-0936", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1173-0936"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210146419", "display_name": "Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xreqs31", "country_code": "IR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}], "countries": ["IR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Paria Darbani", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1173-0936", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5049074782", "display_name": "Nezam Rohbani", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1935-7830", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1935-7830"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210146419", "display_name": "Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xreqs31", "country_code": "IR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}], "countries": ["IR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nezam Rohbani", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Computer Science, IPM, Tehran, Iran", "School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1935-7830", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Computer Science, IPM, Tehran, Iran", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011581765", "display_name": "A. Imani", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3666-1594", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3666-1594"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I133529467", "display_name": "Sharif University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/024c2fq17", "country_code": "IR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}], "countries": ["IR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "AmirReza Imani", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran", "Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3666-1594", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032350195", "display_name": "Pejman Lotfi-Kamran", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3293-8274", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3293-8274"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210146419", "display_name": "Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xreqs31", "country_code": "IR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}], "countries": ["IR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pejman Lotfi-Kamran", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3293-8274", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Effective": [0], "thermal": [1, 64], "management": [2], "has": [3], "become": [4], "more": [5], "essential": [6], "as": [7], "Neural": [8], "Network": [9], "(NN)": [10], "accelerators": [11, 37, 68], "continue": [12], "to": [13, 40, 44, 62, 98, 102, 109, 143], "grow": [14], "in": [15, 66, 92, 105, 127, 133], "power": [16, 29, 148], "and": [17, 31, 49, 139, 146], "complexity.": [18], "High": [19], "operating": [20, 137], "temperatures": [21], "can": [22], "degrade": [23], "performance,": [24], "accelerate": [25], "hardware": [26], "aging,": [27], "increase": [28], "consumption,": [30], "raise": [32], "failure": [33], "rates.": [34], "Simultaneously,": [35], "these": [36], "face": [38], "up": [39], "60%": [41], "underutilization": [42], "due": [43], "mismatches": [45], "between": [46], "network": [47], "layers": [48], "the": [50, 81, 85, 88, 99, 106, 117, 120, 134], "accelerator": [51, 90, 122], "architecture.": [52], "This": [53], "work": [54], "presents": [55], "a": [56, 131], "technique": [57, 83], "that": [58, 80, 87], "leverages": [59], "idle": [60], "resources": [61], "alleviate": [63], "hotspots": [65], "NN": [67, 89, 121], "through": [69], "strategic": [70], "workload": [71], "redistribution,": [72], "all": [73], "while": [74], "preserving": [75], "performance.": [76], "Experimental": [77], "results": [78], "demonstrate": [79], "proposed": [82], "reduces": [84], "time": [86], "spends": [91], "hotspot": [93], "temperature": [94], "by": [95, 112, 123], "47.2%": [96], "compared": [97], "state-of-the-art,": [100], "leading": [101, 142], "an": [103], "improvement": [104, 126], "Mean": [107], "Time": [108], "Failure": [110], "(MTTF)": [111], "approximately": [113], "20.2%,": [114], "which": [115], "extends": [116], "lifespan": [118], "of": [119], "25.1%.": [124], "An": [125], "MTTF": [128], "allows": [129], "for": [130, 136], "reduction": [132], "guardband": [135], "voltage": [138], "frequency,": [140], "potentially": [141], "better": [144], "performance": [145], "increased": [147], "efficiency.": [149]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.7588000297546387, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.7588000297546387, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.05999999865889549, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.04360000044107437, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/tcad.2025.3616079", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3616079", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S100835903", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems", "issn_l": "0278-0070", "issn": ["0278-0070", "1937-4151"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-2", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4407184528", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.559604", "title": "Hardware-efficient photonic tensor core: accelerating deep neural networks with structured compression", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-06-18", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080352115", "display_name": "Shupeng Ning", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-9711", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-9711"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Shupeng Ning", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-9711", "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5066920215", "display_name": "Hanqing Zhu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1974-5128", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1974-5128"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hanqing Zhu", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1974-5128", "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5073993140", "display_name": "Chenghao Feng", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-7681", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-7681", "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-2446"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chenghao Feng", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-7681", "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090386129", "display_name": "Jiaqi Gu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-7698", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-7698"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I55732556", "display_name": "Arizona State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/03efmqc40", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jiaqi Gu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Arizona State University"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-7698", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Arizona State University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011883763", "display_name": "David Zhigang Pan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-2501", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-2501"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David Z. Pan", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038900138", "display_name": "Ray T. Chen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9181-4266", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9181-4266"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ray T. Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 84], "rapid": [1], "growth": [2], "in": [3, 143, 172], "computing": [4, 23], "demands,": [5], "particularly": [6], "driven": [7], "by": [8, 46], "artificial": [9], "intelligence": [10], "applications,": [11], "has": [12], "begun": [13], "to": [14, 29, 107, 117, 122, 148, 167, 200], "exceed": [15], "the": [16, 57, 98], "capabilities": [17], "of": [18, 60, 100, 146], "traditional": [19], "electronic": [20], "hardware.": [21], "Optical": [22], "offers": [24], "a": [25, 71, 77, 113, 141, 169, 189, 197], "promising": [26, 198], "alternative": [27], "due": [28], "its": [30], "parallelism,": [31], "high": [32], "computational": [33, 203], "speed,": [34], "and": [35, 52, 93, 103, 126, 133, 180, 193], "low": [36], "power": [37, 173], "consumption.": [38], "However,": [39], "existing": [40], "photonic": [41, 73], "integrated": [42], "circuits": [43], "are": [44], "constrained": [45], "large": [47], "footprints,": [48], "costly": [49], "electro-optical": [50], "interfaces,": [51], "complex": [53], "control": [54, 181], "mechanisms,": [55], "limiting": [56], "practical": [58, 192], "scalability": [59], "optical": [61, 79], "neural": [62, 80, 101], "networks": [63], "(ONNs).": [64], "To": [65], "address": [66, 201], "these": [67], "limitations,": [68], "we": [69, 111], "introduce": [70], "block-circulant": [72], "tensor": [74], "core": [75], "for": [76, 119], "structure-compressed": [78], "network": [81], "(StrC-ONN)": [82], "architecture.": [83], "structured": [85], "compression": [86], "technique": [87], "substantially": [88], "reduces": [89], "both": [90, 177], "model": [91, 124], "complexity": [92, 182], "hardware": [94, 178], "resources": [95], "without": [96], "sacrificing": [97], "versatility": [99], "networks,": [102], "achieves": [104, 140], "accuracy": [105, 154], "comparable": [106], "uncompressed": [108], "models.": [109], "Additionally,": [110], "propose": [112], "hardware-aware": [114], "training": [115], "framework": [116], "compensate": [118], "on-chip": [120], "nonidealities": [121], "improve": [123], "robustness": [125], "accuracy.": [127], "Experimental": [128], "validation": [129], "through": [130], "image": [131], "processing": [132], "classification": [134], "tasks": [135], "demonstrates": [136], "that": [137, 160], "our": [138], "StrC-ONN": [139], "reduction": [142], "trainable": [144], "parameters": [145], "up": [147], "74.91%,": [149], "while": [150], "still": [151], "maintaining": [152], "competitive": [153], "levels.": [155], "Performance": [156], "analyses": [157], "further": [158], "indicate": [159], "this": [161, 186], "hardware\u2013software": [162], "co-design": [163], "approach": [164], "is": [165], "expected": [166], "yield": [168], "3.56\u00d7": [170], "improvement": [171], "efficiency.": [174], "By": [175], "reducing": [176], "requirements": [179], "across": [183], "multiple": [184], "dimensions,": [185], "work": [187], "explores": [188], "pathway": [190], "toward": [191], "scalable": [194], "ONNs,": [195], "highlighting": [196], "route": [199], "future": [202], "efficiency": [204], "challenges.": [205]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12611", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing", "score": 0.9990000128746033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12611", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing", "score": 0.9990000128746033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.0003000000142492354, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 9.999999747378752e-05, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1364/optica.559604", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.559604", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210197940", "display_name": "Optica", "issn_l": "2334-2536", "issn": ["2334-2536"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "doaj", "jufo-3", "norway-2"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315679", "host_organization_name": "Optica Publishing Group", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Optica Publishing Group"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Optica", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 11, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4410236587", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.26.2.1635", "title": "The intelligent warehouse: Where AI and Human Intelligence Converge", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-09", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5117493846", "display_name": "Aravind Guduru", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I130769515", "display_name": "Pennsylvania State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04p491231", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Aravind Guduru", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["The Pennsylvania State University , USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "The Pennsylvania State University , USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 34, 61], "modern": [1], "fulfillment": [2], "center": [3], "is": [4], "experiencing": [5], "a": [6, 96], "technological": [7], "transformation": [8], "at": [9], "the": [10, 44, 51, 90], "intersection": [11], "of": [12, 36, 53, 92], "artificial": [13], "intelligence": [14, 56], "and": [15, 27, 50, 76, 89], "human": [16, 71], "capabilities.": [17], "This": [18], "article": [19], "explores": [20], "how": [21, 64], "cutting-edge": [22], "AI": [23], "accelerators,": [24], "neural": [25], "networks,": [26], "humanoid": [28, 38], "robotics": [29], "are": [30], "revolutionizing": [31], "warehouse": [32], "operations.": [33, 60], "emergence": [35], "flexible": [37], "systems": [39], "that": [40, 57], "learn": [41], "through": [42, 73], "observation,": [43], "computing": [45], "architecture": [46], "enabling": [47], "real-time": [48], "decision-making,": [49], "development": [52], "dynamic": [54], "spatial": [55], "continuously": [58], "optimizes": [59], "piece": [62], "investigates": [63], "these": [65], "technologies": [66], "enhance": [67], "rather": [68], "than": [69], "replace": [70], "workers": [72], "predictive": [74, 85], "assistance": [75], "natural": [77], "collaboration.": [78], "Finally,": [79], "future": [80], "innovations,": [81], "including": [82], "autonomous": [83], "reconfiguration,": [84], "supply": [86], "chain": [87], "management,": [88], "integration": [91], "quantum": [93], "computing,": [94], "reveal": [95], "vision": [97], "where": [98], "warehouses": [99], "become": [100], "truly": [101], "intelligent": [102], "environments": [103], "fostering": [104], "unprecedented": [105], "human-AI": [106], "cooperation.": [107]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11814", "display_name": "Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization", "score": 0.676800012588501, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2209", "display_name": "Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11814", "display_name": "Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization", "score": 0.676800012588501, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2209", "display_name": "Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14260", "display_name": "Impact of AI and Big Data on Business and Society", "score": 0.21699999272823334, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1803", "display_name": "Management Science and Operations Research"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/18", "display_name": "Decision Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10653", "display_name": "Robot Manipulation and Learning", "score": 0.031700000166893005, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2207", "display_name": "Control and Systems Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.30574/wjarr.2025.26.2.1635", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.26.2.1635", "pdf_url": "https://journalwjarr.com/sites/default/files/fulltext_pdf/WJARR-2025-1635.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210223820", "display_name": "World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews", "issn_l": "2581-9615", "issn": ["2581-9615"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4383735917", "host_organization_name": "GSC Online Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4383735917"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["GSC Online Press"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4415017579", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.13461", "title": "FPGA-based Acceleration for Convolutional Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Review", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-04", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042643604", "display_name": "Junye Jiang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2762-0911", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2762-0911"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jiang, Junye", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Zhou, Yaan", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhou, Yaan", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022214509", "display_name": "Yuanhao Gong", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5702-1927", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5702-1927"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gong, Yuanhao", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038020087", "display_name": "Haoxuan Yuan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-7965", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-7965"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yuan, Haoxuan", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101818400", "display_name": "Shuanglong Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1513-1981", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1513-1981"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Liu, Shuanglong", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Convolutional": [0], "Neural": [1], "Networks": [2], "(CNNs)": [3], "are": [4], "fundamental": [5], "to": [6], "deep": [7], "learning,": [8], "driving": [9], "applications": [10], "across": [11], "various": [12, 86], "domains.": [13], "However,": [14], "their": [15], "growing": [16], "complexity": [17], "has": [18], "significantly": [19], "increased": [20], "computational": [21], "demands,": [22], "necessitating": [23], "efficient": [24], "hardware": [25, 51], "accelerators.": [26], "Field-Programmable": [27], "Gate": [28], "Arrays": [29], "(FPGAs)": [30], "have": [31], "emerged": [32], "as": [33, 75], "a": [34, 46], "leading": [35], "solution,": [36], "offering": [37], "reconfigurability,": [38], "parallelism,": [39], "and": [40, 59, 69, 80, 98, 107], "energy": [41], "efficiency.": [42], "This": [43], "paper": [44, 103], "provides": [45], "comprehensive": [47], "review": [48], "of": [49, 91], "FPGA-based": [50], "accelerators": [52], "specifically": [53], "designed": [54], "for": [55, 112], "CNNs.": [56], "It": [57, 83], "presents": [58], "summarizes": [60], "the": [61, 102, 110], "performance": [62], "evaluation": [63], "framework": [64], "grounded": [65], "in": [66, 89, 115], "existing": [67], "studies": [68], "explores": [70], "key": [71], "optimization": [72], "strategies,": [73], "such": [74], "parallel": [76], "computing,": [77], "dataflow": [78], "optimization,": [79], "hardware-software": [81], "co-design.": [82], "also": [84], "compares": [85], "FPGA": [87], "architectures": [88], "terms": [90], "latency,": [92], "throughput,": [93], "compute": [94], "efficiency,": [95], "power": [96], "consumption,": [97], "resource": [99], "utilization.": [100], "Finally,": [101], "highlights": [104], "future": [105], "challenges": [106], "opportunities,": [108], "emphasizing": [109], "potential": [111], "continued": [113], "innovation": [114], "this": [116], "field.": [117]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.7627000212669373, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.7627000212669373, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.22390000522136688, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13292", "display_name": "Embedded Systems and FPGA Applications", "score": 0.004000000189989805, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.13461", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13461", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.13461", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": "2331-8422", "issn": ["2331-8422"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4410582651", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3570193", "title": "TWINN: Training-Free Weight-Input Flipping for Mitigating Crossbar Non-Idealities in Binary Neural Network Accelerators", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-21", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035901172", "display_name": "Akul Malhotra", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6152-2377", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6152-2377"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I219193219", "display_name": "Purdue University West Lafayette", "ror": "https://ror.org/02dqehb95", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Akul Malhotra", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6152-2377", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5044276472", "display_name": "Sumeet Kumar Gupta", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5609-9722", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5609-9722", "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7991-3077"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I219193219", "display_name": "Purdue University West Lafayette", "ror": "https://ror.org/02dqehb95", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sumeet Kumar Gupta", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5609-9722", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Compute-in-memory": [0], "(CiM)-based": [1], "binary": [2], "neural": [3, 84], "network": [4], "(CiM-BNN)": [5], "accelerators": [6], "marry": [7], "the": [8, 53, 59, 67, 104, 111, 116, 130, 138, 142, 166, 184, 189, 216], "benefits": [9, 208], "of": [10, 55, 62, 70, 107, 186, 203, 218], "CiM": [11, 117], "and": [12, 36, 127, 133, 161, 172, 199], "ultra-low": [13], "precision": [14, 82], "quantization,": [15], "making": [16], "them": [17, 73], "highly": [18, 180], "suitable": [19], "for": [20], "edge": [21], "computing.": [22], "However,": [23], "CiM-enabled": [24], "crossbar": [25], "(Xbar)": [26], "arrays": [27], "are": [28, 209], "plagued": [29], "with": [30], "hardware": [31, 77], "non-idealities": [32, 57, 78, 99], "like": [33], "parasitic": [34, 143], "resistances": [35], "device": [37], "non-linearities": [38], "that": [39, 66, 97, 177], "impair": [40], "inference": [41, 60, 150, 190], "accuracy,": [42], "especially": [43], "in": [44, 100, 119, 182, 196], "scaled": [45], "technologies.": [46], "In": [47], "this": [48, 89], "work,": [49], "we": [50, 91, 156], "first": [51], "analyze": [52], "impact": [54, 148, 185], "Xbar": [56, 120], "on": [58, 149, 159], "accuracy": [61, 191, 201], "various": [63], "CiM-BNNs,": [64], "establishing": [65], "unique": [68], "properties": [69], "CiM-BNNs": [71, 163], "make": [72], "more": [74], "prone": [75], "to": [76, 80, 109, 192, 205], "compared": [79], "higher": [81], "deep": [83], "networks": [85], "(DNNs).": [86], "To": [87, 152], "address": [88], "issue,": [90], "propose": [92], "TWINN,": [93], "a": [94], "training-free": [95], "technique": [96], "mitigates": [98], "CiM-BNNs.": [101], "TWINN": [102, 178], "utilizes": [103], "distinct": [105], "attributes": [106], "BNNs": [108], "reduce": [110], "average": [112], "current": [113], "generated": [114], "during": [115], "operations": [118], "arrays.": [121], "This": [122, 136], "is": [123, 179], "achieved": [124], "by": [125, 211], "statically": [126], "dynamically": [128], "flipping": [129], "BNN": [131], "weights": [132], "activations,": [134], "respectively.": [135], "minimizes": [137], "IR": [139], "drops": [140], "across": [141], "resistances,": [144], "drastically": [145], "mitigating": [146], "their": [147], "accuracy.": [151], "evaluate": [153], "our": [154], "technique,": [155], "conduct": [157], "experiments": [158], "ResNet-18": [160], "VGG-small": [162], "designed": [164], "at": [165, 215], "7nm": [167], "technology": [168], "node": [169], "using": [170], "8T-SRAM": [171], "1T-1ReRAM.": [173], "Our": [174], "results": [175], "show": [176], "effective": [181], "alleviating": [183], "non-idealities,": [187], "recouping": [188], "near-ideal": [193], "(software)": [194], "levels": [195], "some": [197], "cases": [198], "providing": [200], "boost": [202], "up": [204], "77.25%.": [206], "These": [207], "accompanied": [210], "energy": [212], "reduction,": [213], "albeit": [214], "cost": [217], "mild": [219], "latency/area": [220], "increase.": [221]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9990000128746033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9990000128746033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.0003000000142492354, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.00019999999494757503, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3570193", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3570193", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S116977442", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers", "issn_l": "1549-8328", "issn": ["1549-8328", "1558-0806"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-2", "norway-2"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7217246007", "doi": null, "title": "VLSI Architecture for Pipeline and Parallel Array based Matrix Multiplication using Deep Learning Technique", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-08-04", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5154623347", "display_name": "Prof. Suresh S. Gawande Dheeraj Kumar", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Dheeraj Kumar, Prof. Suresh S. Gawande", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Matrix": [0], "multiplication": [1, 59], "is": [2, 168], "a": [3], "fundamental": [4], "operation": [5], "in": [6, 14, 35, 101], "various": [7], "scientific": [8], "computations,": [9], "image": [10], "processing,": [11], "and": [12, 25, 39, 55, 73, 105, 114, 134, 155, 172, 180], "particularly": [13], "deep": [15, 62, 93, 146], "learning": [16, 41, 63, 147], "applications": [17], "where": [18], "it": [19], "forms": [20], "the": [21, 97, 118, 121], "backbone": [22], "of": [23, 83, 120, 175], "convolutional": [24], "fully": [26], "connected": [27], "layers.": [28], "The": [29, 65, 164], "growing": [30], "demand": [31], "for": [32, 53, 61, 127], "real-time": [33], "processing": [34], "artificial": [36], "intelligence": [37], "(AI)": [38], "machine": [40], "systems": [42], "necessitates": [43], "highly": [44], "efficient": [45, 81], "hardware": [46, 152], "implementations.": [47], "This": [48, 149], "paper": [49], "presents": [50], "VLSI": [51], "architecture": [52, 98], "pipelined": [54], "parallel": [56, 77], "array-based": [57], "matrix": [58, 85], "optimized": [60], "techniques.": [64], "proposed": [66, 122, 143], "design": [67, 150, 169], "leverages": [68], "pipelining": [69], "to": [70, 109, 159], "enhance": [71], "throughput": [72], "reduce": [74], "latency,": [75], "while": [76], "array": [78], "structures": [79], "ensure": [80], "handling": [82], "large-scale": [84], "operations": [86], "with": [87], "minimized": [88], "computational": [89], "delay.": [90, 181], "By": [91], "adopting": [92], "learning-driven": [94], "optimization": [95], "strategies,": [96], "achieves": [99], "improvements": [100], "area": [102], "utilization,": [103], "delay,": [104], "power": [106], "efficiency": [107], "compared": [108], "conventional": [110], "multiplier-based": [111], "designs.": [112], "Simulation": [113], "synthesis": [115], "results": [116], "validate": [117], "effectiveness": [119], "approach,": [123], "demonstrating": [124], "its": [125], "suitability": [126], "high-performance": [128], "computing": [129], "platforms,": [130], "neural": [131], "network": [132], "accelerators,": [133], "embedded": [135], "AI": [136], "systems.": [137], "In": [138], "this": [139], "paper,": [140], "we": [141], "have": [142], "MM": [144, 167], "using": [145], "approach.": [148], "reduced": [151], "complexity,": [153], "delay": [154], "input/output": [156], "data": [157], "format": [158], "match": [160], "different": [161], "application": [162], "needs.": [163], "PPI-MO": [165], "based": [166], "Xilinx": [170], "software": [171], "simulated": [173], "number": [174], "slice,": [176], "look": [177], "up": [178], "table": [179]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.47440001368522644, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.47440001368522644, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11522", "display_name": "VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques", "score": 0.1444000005722046, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11697", "display_name": "Numerical Methods and Algorithms", "score": 0.10189999639987946, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1703", "display_name": "Computational Theory and Mathematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:ojs2.ijarmt.com:article/444", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://ijarmt.com/index.php/j/article/view/444", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S5407054563", "display_name": "International Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Trends (IJARMT)", "issn_l": "3048-9458", "issn": ["3048-9458"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "3048-9458", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7117851162", "doi": null, "title": "KernelEvolve: Scaling Agentic Kernel Coding for Heterogeneous AI Accelerators at Meta", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-29", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5035138733", "display_name": "Gang Liao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8280-9094", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8280-9094"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Liao, Gang", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056959543", "display_name": "Hongsen Qin", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Qin, Hongsen", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5121645893", "display_name": "Ying Wang", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wang, Ying", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5104179257", "display_name": "Alicia Golden", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5246-859X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5246-859X"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Golden, Alicia", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002457261", "display_name": "Michael Kuchnik", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0805-1828", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0805-1828"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kuchnik, Michael", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5062386420", "display_name": "Yavuz Yetim", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yetim, Yavuz", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5121660391", "display_name": "Jia Jiunn Ang", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ang, Jia Jiunn", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5121651546", "display_name": "Chunli Fu", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Fu, Chunli", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5121669001", "display_name": "Yihan He", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "He, Yihan", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5047381366", "display_name": "Samuel Hsia", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-2100", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-2100"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hsia, Samuel", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5121614779", "display_name": "Zewei Jiang", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jiang, Zewei", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5121656572", "display_name": "Dianshi Li", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Li, Dianshi", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109819072", "display_name": "Uladzimir Pashkevich", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pashkevich, Uladzimir", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015945573", "display_name": "Varna Puvvada", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3772-4643", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3772-4643"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Puvvada, Varna", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5121620587", "display_name": "Feng Shi", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Shi, Feng", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5121662889", "display_name": "Matt Steiner", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Steiner, Matt", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078257438", "display_name": "Ruichao Xiao", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiao, Ruichao", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5139633746", "display_name": "Liyuan Li", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Li, Liyuan", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018416035", "display_name": "Nathan Yan", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yan, Nathan", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101386666", "display_name": "Xiayu Yu", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yu, Xiayu", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5144380801", "display_name": "Zhou Fang", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Fang, Zhou", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042558892", "display_name": "Roman Levenstein", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2316-2595", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2316-2595"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Levenstein, Roman", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022388993", "display_name": "Kunming Ho", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2766-8114", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2766-8114"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ho, Kunming", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018335832", "display_name": "Haishan Zhu", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhu, Haishan", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5139917398", "display_name": "Alec Hammond", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hammond, Alec", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108138267", "display_name": "Richard Li", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Li, Richard", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045208071", "display_name": "Ajit Mathews", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4199-0434", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4199-0434"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mathews, Ajit", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5092183297", "display_name": "Kaustubh Gondkar", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2482-6649", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2482-6649"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gondkar, Kaustubh", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5070881516", "display_name": "Abdul Zainul-Abedin", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zainul-Abedin, Abdul", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5144350876", "display_name": "Ketan Singh", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Singh, Ketan", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5139942679", "display_name": "Hongtao Yu", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yu, Hongtao", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5139927988", "display_name": "Wenyuan Chi", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chi, Wenyuan", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5121631283", "display_name": "Barney Huang", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Huang, Barney", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5107378844", "display_name": "Sean Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3809-3182", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3809-3182"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhang, Sean", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5121651105", "display_name": "Noah Weller", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Weller, Noah", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5121647356", "display_name": "Zach Marine", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Marine, Zach", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042527493", "display_name": "W.W. Cook", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9025-0964", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9025-0964"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Cook, Wyatt", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5122932899", "display_name": "Carole-Jean Wu", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wu, Carole-Jean", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5121641485", "display_name": "Gaoxiang Liu", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Liu, Gaoxiang", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Making": [0], "deep": [1], "learning": [2], "recommendation": [3, 66, 139], "model": [4, 22, 67], "(DLRM)": [5], "training": [6], "and": [7, 10, 28, 31, 56, 63, 83, 113, 129, 145, 174, 195, 208], "inference": [8], "fast": [9], "efficient": [11], "is": [12, 48, 101], "important.": [13], "However,": [14], "this": [15], "presents": [16, 36], "three": [17, 171, 180], "key": [18], "system": [19], "challenges": [20], "-": [21], "architecture": [23, 32], "diversity,": [24, 27], "kernel": [25, 39, 52, 61, 98, 231], "primitive": [26], "hardware": [29, 70, 88, 182, 227], "generation": [30, 62, 232], "heterogeneity.": [33], "This": [34], "paper": [35], "KernelEvolve-an": [37], "agentic": [38], "coding": [40], "framework-to": [41], "tackle": [42], "heterogeneity": [43], "at-scale": [44], "for": [45, 65, 209, 224, 233], "DLRM.": [46], "KernelEvolve": [47, 72, 131, 156, 187, 218], "designed": [49], "to": [50, 86, 118, 132, 193], "take": [51], "specifications": [53], "as": [54, 103, 148, 150], "input": [55], "automate": [57], "the": [58, 92, 158, 221], "process": [59, 100], "of": [60, 137, 143], "optimization": [64, 95, 99], "across": [68, 141, 170, 179, 203], "heterogeneous": [69, 181, 210], "architectures.": [71], "does": [73], "so": [74], "by": [75, 228], "operating": [76], "at": [77], "multiple": [78], "programming": [79], "abstractions,": [80], "from": [81, 191], "Triton": [82], "CuTe": [84], "DSL": [85], "low-level": [87], "agnostic": [89], "languages,": [90], "spanning": [91], "full": [93], "hardware-software": [94], "stack.": [96], "The": [97], "described": [102], "graph-based": [104], "search": [105], "with": [106], "selection": [107], "policy,": [108], "universal": [109], "operator,": [110], "fitness": [111], "function,": [112], "termination": [114], "rule,": [115], "dynamically": [116], "adapts": [117], "runtime": [119], "execution": [120], "context": [121], "through": [122], "retrieval-augmented": [123], "prompt": [124], "synthesis.": [125], "We": [126, 154], "designed,": [127], "implemented,": [128], "deployed": [130], "optimize": [133], "a": [134], "wide": [135], "variety": [136], "production": [138, 205], "models": [140], "generations": [142], "NVIDIA": [144], "AMD": [146], "GPUs,": [147], "well": [149], "Meta's": [151], "AI": [152, 211, 226, 236], "accelerators.": [153], "validate": [155], "on": [157, 166], "publicly-available": [159], "KernelBench": [160], "suite,": [161], "achieving": [162], "100%": [163, 185], "pass": [164], "rate": [165], "all": [167], "250": [168], "problems": [169], "difficulty": [172], "levels,": [173], "160": [175], "PyTorch": [176, 201], "ATen": [177], "operators": [178], "platforms,": [183], "demonstrating": [184], "correctness.": [186], "reduces": [188], "development": [189], "time": [190], "weeks": [192], "hours": [194], "achieves": [196], "substantial": [197], "performance": [198, 215], "improvements": [199], "over": [200], "baselines": [202], "diverse": [204], "use": [206], "cases": [207], "systems": [212], "at-scale.": [213], "Beyond": [214], "efficiency": [216], "improvements,": [217], "significantly": [219], "mitigates": [220], "programmability": [222], "barrier": [223], "new": [225], "enabling": [229], "automated": [230], "in-house": [234], "developed": [235], "hardware.": [237]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.989300012588501, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.989300012588501, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.007499999832361937, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10260", "display_name": "Software Engineering Research", "score": 0.00039999998989515007, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1710", "display_name": "Information Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.23236", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.23236", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.23236", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": "2331-8422", "issn": ["2331-8422"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4415443227", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-025-02503-z", "title": "Progressive Cyclical Convolutional Neural Network for embedded vision based Internet of Things using VLSI", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-22", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5082253311", "display_name": "S. K. V. Jayakumar", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1535-1722", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1535-1722"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405254487", "display_name": "Sri Sairam College of Engineering", "ror": "https://ror.org/01vv1bg04", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405254487"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "S. Jayakumar", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Sairam College of Engineering, Bangalore, India"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Sairam College of Engineering, Bangalore, India", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4405254487"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5038613072", "display_name": "K. Gouthami", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Koduru Gouthami", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Malineni Lakshmaiah women\u2019s Engineering college, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Malineni Lakshmaiah women\u2019s Engineering college, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078340942", "display_name": "K. Chanthirasekaran", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1856-028X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1856-028X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I85461943", "display_name": "Saveetha University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0034me914", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "K. Chanthirasekaran", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007523522", "display_name": "Kanthapitchai Paul Joshua", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-857X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-857X"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kanthapitchai Paul Joshua", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electronics and Communication, Sri Shanmugha College of Engineering and Technology, and Director IQAC, Sri Shanmugha Educational Institutions, Sankari, Salem, 637304, Tamil Nadu, India"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electronics and Communication, Sri Shanmugha College of Engineering and Technology, and Director IQAC, Sri Shanmugha Educational Institutions, Sankari, Salem, 637304, Tamil Nadu, India", "institution_ids": []}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9185000061988831, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9185000061988831, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.02850000001490116, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.014999999664723873, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/s10470-025-02503-z", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-025-02503-z", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S76600781", "display_name": "Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing", "issn_l": "0925-1030", "issn": ["0925-1030", "1573-1979"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-1", "ki-jl-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4407867463", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-025-01642-w", "title": "FPGA-based 1D-CNN accelerator for real-time arrhythmia classification", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-02-23", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065013564", "display_name": "Zheming Liu", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I143593769", "display_name": "East China University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01vyrm377", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zheming Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5063714305", "display_name": "Xiaofeng Ling", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-6305", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-6305"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I143593769", "display_name": "East China University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01vyrm377", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Xiaofeng Ling", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101909520", "display_name": "Yu Mei Zhu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-2674", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-2674"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I143593769", "display_name": "East China University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01vyrm377", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yu Zhu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100332754", "display_name": "Nan Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4369-0115", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4369-0115"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I143593769", "display_name": "East China University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01vyrm377", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nan Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11021", "display_name": "ECG Monitoring and Analysis", "score": 0.8184000253677368, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2705", "display_name": "Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11021", "display_name": "ECG Monitoring and Analysis", "score": 0.8184000253677368, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2705", "display_name": "Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/27", "display_name": "Medicine"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/4", "display_name": "Health Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.1152999997138977, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13292", "display_name": "Embedded Systems and FPGA Applications", "score": 0.022700000554323196, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/s11554-025-01642-w", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-025-01642-w", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S11282291", "display_name": "Journal of Real-Time Image Processing", "issn_l": "1861-8200", "issn": ["1861-8200", "1861-8219"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Real-Time Image Processing", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 12, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4413353834", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.33548/scientia1310", "title": "Putting AI in your Ears with 3D Neural Networks", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088672720", "display_name": "Cristell Maneux", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-5372", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9125-5372"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Cristell Maneux", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5003486126", "display_name": "Jens Trommer", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-438X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-438X"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jens Trommer", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"It\u2019s": [0], "difficult": [1], "to": [2, 23, 66, 141, 149], "communicate": [3], "with": [4, 111, 157], "someone": [5], "when": [6], "neither": [7], "of": [8, 38, 49, 70, 81, 102, 106, 124, 131, 161], "you": [9], "speak": [10], "the": [11, 25, 36, 44, 47, 79, 100, 168], "same": [12], "language;": [13], "apps": [14], "and": [15, 126, 145, 171], "online": [16], "tools": [17], "like": [18], "Google": [19], "Translate": [20], "can": [21], "help": [22], "bridge": [24], "gap,": [26], "but": [27], "they": [28], "hardly": [29], "make": [30], "for": [31, 46, 86, 114], "a": [32, 68, 87], "natural": [33], "conversation.": [34], "However,": [35], "rise": [37], "artificial": [39, 89], "intelligence": [40], "(AI)": [41], "has": [42], "opened": [43], "door": [45], "development": [48], "speech-to-speech": [50], "technology,": [51], "where": [52], "spoken": [53, 108], "language": [54, 109, 140], "is": [55], "translated": [56], "instantly": [57], "in": [58, 166], "real": [59], "time.": [60], "To": [61], "bring": [62], "this": [63], "idea": [64], "closer": [65], "reality,": [67], "collaboration": [69, 156], "European": [71], "researchers": [72, 164], "led": [73], "by": [74, 119], "Professor": [75, 120, 127], "Cristell": [76], "Maneux": [77], "at": [78], "University": [80], "Bordeaux": [82], "have": [83], "proposed": [84], "concepts": [85], "3D": [88], "neural": [90], "network": [91], "accelerator.": [92], "This": [93], "ultra-compact,": [94], "highly": [95], "efficient": [96], "design": [97], "could": [98], "enable": [99], "construction": [101], "standalone": [103], "earpieces": [104], "capable": [105], "translating": [107], "instantly,": [110], "no": [112], "need": [113], "internet": [115], "access.": [116], "Ongoing": [117], "research": [118], "Han": [121], "Lamers": [122], "(University": [123, 130], "Oslo)": [125], "Bettina": [128], "Reitz-Joosse": [129], "Groningen)": [132], "reveals": [133], "how": [134], "Fascist": [135], "Italy": [136], "weaponized": [137], "ancient": [138], "Rome's": [139], "legitimise": [142], "its": [143], "power": [144], "connect": [146], "Mussolini's": [147], "regime": [148], "Italy's": [150], "imperial": [151], "past.": [152], "Their": [153], "projects": [154], "involve": [155], "an": [158], "international": [159], "team": [160], "mostly": [162], "junior": [163], "based": [165], "Norway,": [167], "Netherlands,": [169], "Austria,": [170], "Italy.": [172]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10201", "display_name": "Speech Recognition and Synthesis", "score": 0.8970000147819519, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10201", "display_name": "Speech Recognition and Synthesis", "score": 0.8970000147819519, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10860", "display_name": "Speech and Audio Processing", "score": 0.03359999880194664, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1711", "display_name": "Signal Processing"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.011800000444054604, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.33548/scientia1310", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.33548/scientia1310", "pdf_url": null, "source": null, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Scientia", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4411946876", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70352", "title": "A Bit\u2010Serial Compute\u2010Transfer Architecture for High\u2010Speed Data Processing in Chip\u2010to\u2010Chip Systems", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5089668650", "display_name": "Xiaoshu Cheng", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-5954", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-5954"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I150229711", "display_name": "University of Electronic Science and Technology of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/04qr3zq92", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiaoshu Cheng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-5954", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Siyi Pan", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I150229711", "display_name": "University of Electronic Science and Technology of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/04qr3zq92", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Siyi Pan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101436912", "display_name": "Yiwen Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5174-2720", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5174-2720"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I150229711", "display_name": "University of Electronic Science and Technology of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/04qr3zq92", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yiwen Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5174-2720", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5085873242", "display_name": "Weiran Ding", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I150229711", "display_name": "University of Electronic Science and Technology of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/04qr3zq92", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Weiran Ding", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5040090528", "display_name": "Ping Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1622-3607", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1622-3607"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I150229711", "display_name": "University of Electronic Science and Technology of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/04qr3zq92", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4391767659", "display_name": "State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices", "ror": "https://ror.org/01t9yse95", "country_code": null, "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I150229711", "https://openalex.org/I4391767659"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ping Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China", "State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I150229711", "https://openalex.org/I4391767659"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"ABSTRACT": [0], "This": [1, 80], "brief": [2], "proposes": [3], "a": [4, 27, 93], "bit\u2010serial": [5], "compute\u2010transfer": [6, 81], "architecture": [7, 43, 82], "tailored": [8], "for": [9, 97], "high\u2010speed": [10], "data": [11], "processing": [12], "across": [13], "chip\u2010to\u2010chip": [14], "links.": [15], "Our": [16], "design": [17], "merges": [18], "computation": [19], "and": [20, 78, 86], "transmission": [21], "at": [22, 49], "the": [23, 42, 70], "physical": [24], "layer": [25], "via": [26], "voltage\u2010mode": [28], "logic": [29], "(VML)": [30], "interface,": [31], "without": [32], "intermediate": [33], "packing": [34], "or": [35], "unpacking.": [36], "In": [37], "SMIC": [38], "0.13": [39], "\u00b5m": [40], "CMOS,": [41], "achieves": [44], "1": [45, 50], "Gbps": [46], "per": [47], "channel": [48], "GHz,": [51], "delivering": [52], "0.625": [53], "GOPS": [54], "to": [55], "resource\u2010constrained": [56], "edge": [57], "devices.": [58], "While": [59], "overall": [60], "energy": [61], "efficiency": [62], "is": [63], "lower": [64], "than": [65], "that": [66], "of": [67], "computing\u2010only": [68], "designs,": [69], "proposed": [71], "structure": [72], "excels": [73], "in": [74, 89], "area,": [75], "gate": [76], "density,": [77], "scalability.": [79], "reduces": [83], "bandwidth": [84], "bottlenecks": [85], "deserialization": [87], "overhead": [88], "multi\u2010chip": [90], "systems,": [91], "offering": [92], "modular": [94], "building": [95], "block": [96], "future": [98], "neural": [99], "network": [100], "accelerators.": [101]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10829", "display_name": "Interconnection Networks and Systems", "score": 0.5127000212669373, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10829", "display_name": "Interconnection Networks and Systems", "score": 0.5127000212669373, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11527", "display_name": "3D IC and TSV technologies", "score": 0.17790000140666962, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.15109999477863312, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1049/ell2.70352", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70352", "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ell2.70352", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S149016011", "display_name": "Electronics Letters", "issn_l": "0013-5194", "issn": ["0013-5194", "1350-911X"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "doaj", "jufo-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310311714", "host_organization_name": "Institution of Engineering and Technology", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institution of Engineering and Technology"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-nc", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Electronics Letters", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4408362151", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030253", "title": "On-Chip Photonic Convolutional Processing Lights Up Fourier Neural Operator", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-03-12", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5072700655", "display_name": "Zilong Tao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-5818", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-5818"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zilong Tao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5065098708", "display_name": "Hao Ouyang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3655-1405", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3655-1405"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hao Ouyang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088049487", "display_name": "Qiuquan Yan", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Qiuquan Yan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5039668192", "display_name": "Shiyin Du", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Shiyin Du", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5116470115", "display_name": "Hao Hao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3986-3703", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3986-3703"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Hao Hao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5048580568", "display_name": "Jun Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1100-6902", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1100-6902"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210158522", "display_name": "PLA Academy of Military Science", "ror": "https://ror.org/05ct4s596", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jun Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing 100071, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing 100071, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5029843487", "display_name": "Jie You", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-0592", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-0592"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210158522", "display_name": "PLA Academy of Military Science", "ror": "https://ror.org/05ct4s596", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Jie You", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing 100071, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-0592", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing 100071, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Fourier": [0, 58, 92], "Neural": [1], "Operators": [2], "(FNOs)": [3], "have": [4], "gained": [5], "increasing": [6], "attention": [7], "for": [8, 22, 126, 141, 154], "their": [9], "effectiveness": [10], "in": [11, 81, 159], "extracting": [12], "frequencydomain": [13], "features": [14], "and": [15, 72, 116, 130, 157], "efficiently": [16], "approximating": [17], "functions,": [18], "making": [19], "them": [20], "wellsuited": [21], "classification": [23], "tasks.": [24], "However,": [25], "the": [26, 34, 48, 57, 82, 86, 110], "absence": [27], "of": [28, 36, 60, 101, 113], "specialized": [29, 124], "photonic": [30, 50, 70, 120, 143], "hardware": [31, 51], "has": [32], "limited": [33], "acceleration": [35, 125], "FNO": [37], "inference.": [38], "In": [39], "this": [40, 136], "study,": [41], "we": [42, 45], "introduce": [43], "what": [44], "believe": [46], "is": [47], "first": [49], "framework": [52], "dedicated": [53], "to": [54, 150], "speeding": [55], "up": [56], "layer": [59], "an": [61], "FNO.": [62], "Our": [63], "approach": [64], "employs": [65], "a": [66, 73, 97, 139, 151], "frequency": [67], "domain": [68], "convolutional": [69, 93], "chip": [71], "micro-ring": [74], "array": [75], "chip,": [76], "achieving": [77], "5-bit": [78], "quantization": [79], "precision": [80], "inference": [83, 133], "process.": [84], "On": [85], "Radio": [87], "ML": [88], "2016.10b": [89], "dataset,": [90], "our": [91], "neural": [94], "network": [95], "achieves": [96], "peak": [98], "identification": [99], "accuracy": [100], "95.50%,": [102], "outperforming": [103], "standard": [104], "convolution-based": [105], "networks.": [106], "These": [107], "findings": [108], "highlight": [109], "transformative": [111], "potential": [112], "co-designing": [114], "software": [115], "hardware,": [117], "demonstrating": [118], "how": [119], "computing": [121], "can": [122], "deliver": [123], "critical": [127], "AI": [128, 147], "components": [129], "substantially": [131], "improve": [132], "efficiency.": [134], "Ultimately,": [135], "work": [137], "lays": [138], "foundation": [140], "integrating": [142], "technologies": [144], "into": [145], "next-generation": [146], "accelerators,": [148], "pointing": [149], "promising": [152], "direction": [153], "further": [155], "research": [156], "development": [158], "optoelectronic": [160], "hybrid": [161], "computing.": [162]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12611", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing", "score": 0.9965999722480774, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12611", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing", "score": 0.9965999722480774, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10767", "display_name": "Advanced Photonic Communication Systems", "score": 0.001500000013038516, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10299", "display_name": "Photonic and Optical Devices", "score": 0.0006000000284984708, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3390/photonics12030253", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030253", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2738274844", "display_name": "Photonics", "issn_l": "2304-6732", "issn": ["2304-6732"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "doaj", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310310987", "host_organization_name": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Photonics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4411446407", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/mssc.2025.3549709", "title": "Sparsity-Aware Hardware: From Overheads to Performance Benefits", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5043501540", "display_name": "Man Shi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-6235", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-6235"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I99464096", "display_name": "KU Leuven", "ror": "https://ror.org/05f950310", "country_code": "BE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}], "countries": ["BE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Man Shi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["MICAS Laboratories, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-6235", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "MICAS Laboratories, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5083930207", "display_name": "Adrian Kneip", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-1947", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-1947"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98358874", "display_name": "Delft University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e2c7k09", "country_code": "NL", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}], "countries": ["NL"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Adrian Kneip", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, The Netherlands"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, The Netherlands", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5114634055", "display_name": "Nicolas Chauvaux", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98358874", "display_name": "Delft University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e2c7k09", "country_code": "NL", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}], "countries": ["NL"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nicolas Chauvaux", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, The Netherlands"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, The Netherlands", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078217181", "display_name": "Jiacong Sun", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0418-2713", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0418-2713"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I99464096", "display_name": "KU Leuven", "ror": "https://ror.org/05f950310", "country_code": "BE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}], "countries": ["BE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jiacong Sun", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["MICAS Laboratory, KU Leuven’s Department of Electrical Engineering, Leuven, Belgium"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0418-2713", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "MICAS Laboratory, KU Leuven’s Department of Electrical Engineering, Leuven, Belgium", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5053902946", "display_name": "Charlotte Frenkel", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1879-0288", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1879-0288"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I98358874", "display_name": "Delft University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e2c7k09", "country_code": "NL", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}], "countries": ["NL"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Charlotte Frenkel", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, The Netherlands"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1879-0288", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, The Netherlands", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5012150553", "display_name": "Marian Verhelst", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3495-9263", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3495-9263"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I99464096", "display_name": "KU Leuven", "ror": "https://ror.org/05f950310", "country_code": "BE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}], "countries": ["BE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Marian Verhelst", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3495-9263", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"As": [0], "artificial": [1], "intelligence": [2], "(AI)": [3], "continues": [4], "to": [5, 36, 68, 78], "transform": [6], "multiple": [7], "sectors,": [8], "its": [9, 46], "exponential": [10], "growth": [11], "in": [12, 29, 88], "computational": [13, 56], "demands": [14], "presents": [15], "significant": [16], "challenges": [17], "for": [18], "hardware": [19, 53], "infrastructure.": [20], "This": [21], "article": [22, 60], "examines": [23], "sparsity,": [24], "the": [25, 80], "prevalence": [26], "of": [27, 52], "zeros": [28], "AI": [30, 89], "workloads,": [31], "as": [32], "a": [33, 63], "promising": [34], "approach": [35], "address": [37], "these": [38], "challenges.": [39], "While": [40], "sparsity": [41, 71], "offers": [42], "potential": [43, 84], "efficiency": [44], "gains,": [45], "practical": [47, 86], "implementation": [48, 87], "requires": [49], "careful": [50], "consideration": [51], "constraints": [54], "and": [55, 73, 85], "overheads.": [57], "Therefore,": [58], "this": [59], "cooperates": [61], "with": [62], "virtual": [64], "performance": [65], "roofline": [66], "model": [67], "analyze": [69], "various": [70], "techniques": [72], "their": [74], "associated": [75], "tradeoffs,": [76], "aiming": [77], "bridge": [79], "gap": [81], "between": [82], "theoretical": [83], "accelerator": [90], "design.": [91]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.6029999852180481, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.6029999852180481, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.26339998841285706, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.05620000138878822, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/mssc.2025.3549709", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/mssc.2025.3549709", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S1017394892", "display_name": "IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine", "issn_l": "1943-0582", "issn": ["1943-0582", "1943-0590"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4413509987", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2025.103553", "title": "Hardware/Software Co-design for spike communication optimization: Leveraging neuron-level communication patterns", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-08-25", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5044502112", "display_name": "Chao Xiao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-7941", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-7941"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chao Xiao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-7941", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100755054", "display_name": "Yi Wei", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-159X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-159X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yi Wei", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060150050", "display_name": "Yuanfeng Luo", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9187-4852", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9187-4852"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yuanfeng Luo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007869216", "display_name": "Zhijie Yang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3039-9617", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3039-9617"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210158522", "display_name": "PLA Academy of Military Science", "ror": "https://ror.org/05ct4s596", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhijie Yang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Defense Innovation Institute, AMS, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Defense Innovation Institute, AMS, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101977938", "display_name": "Rui Kun Gong", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9496-4079", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9496-4079"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Rui Gong", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100623943", "display_name": "Weixia Xu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6327-7372", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6327-7372"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Weixia Xu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100435771", "display_name": "Lei Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7266-148X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7266-148X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210158522", "display_name": "PLA Academy of Military Science", "ror": "https://ror.org/05ct4s596", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Lei Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Defense Innovation Institute, AMS, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Defense Innovation Institute, AMS, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10829", "display_name": "Interconnection Networks and Systems", "score": 0.6000999808311462, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10829", "display_name": "Interconnection Networks and Systems", "score": 0.6000999808311462, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.3659999966621399, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.0052999998442828655, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/j.sysarc.2025.103553", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2025.103553", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S127660348", "display_name": "Journal of Systems Architecture", "issn_l": "1383-7621", "issn": ["1383-7621", "1873-6165"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-2", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Systems Architecture", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4415329058", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.15590", "title": "Bridging the Gap: Physical PCI Device Integration Into SystemC-TLM Virtual Platforms", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-21", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5075028253", "display_name": "Nils Bosbach", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-949X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-949X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I887968799", "display_name": "RWTH Aachen University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xfq0f34", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bosbach, Nils", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["RWTH Aachen University , Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "RWTH Aachen University , Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5008573070", "display_name": "Rebecca Pelke", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5156-7072", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5156-7072"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I887968799", "display_name": "RWTH Aachen University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xfq0f34", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pelke, Rebecca", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["RWTH Aachen University , Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "RWTH Aachen University , Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071914733", "display_name": "Niko Zurstra\u00dfen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3434-2271", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3434-2271"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I887968799", "display_name": "RWTH Aachen University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xfq0f34", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zurstra\u00dfen, Niko", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["RWTH Aachen University , Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "RWTH Aachen University , Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5081081586", "display_name": "Jan Henrik Weinstock", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0902-7652", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0902-7652"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I74786994", "display_name": "Kitware (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/02s2acn37", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I74786994"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Weinstock, Jan Henrik", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["MachineWare GmbH , Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "MachineWare GmbH , Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I74786994"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002167887", "display_name": "Lukas J\u00fcnger", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9149-1690", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9149-1690"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I74786994", "display_name": "Kitware (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/02s2acn37", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I74786994"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "J\u00fcnger, Lukas", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["MachineWare GmbH , Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "MachineWare GmbH , Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I74786994"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023470562", "display_name": "Rainer Leupers", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6735-3033", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6735-3033"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I887968799", "display_name": "RWTH Aachen University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04xfq0f34", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Leupers, Rainer", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["RWTH Aachen University , Germany"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "RWTH Aachen University , Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"In": [0], "today's": [1], "technology-driven": [2], "world,": [3], "early-stage": [4], "software": [5, 34, 65], "development": [6], "and": [7, 29, 112, 117, 183], "testing": [8, 180], "are": [9], "crucial.": [10], "Virtual": [11], "Platforms": [12], "(VPs)": [13], "have": [14], "become": [15], "indispensable": [16], "tools": [17], "for": [18, 92, 115, 165], "this": [19], "purpose": [20], "as": [21, 24], "they": [22], "serve": [23], "a": [25, 68, 89, 129], "platform": [26], "to": [27, 56, 61, 159], "execute": [28], "debug": [30], "the": [31, 41, 63, 82, 121, 163], "unmodified": [32], "target": [33, 64], "at": [35], "an": [36, 143], "early": [37], "design": [38], "stage.": [39], "With": [40], "increasing": [42], "complexity": [43], "of": [44, 84, 124, 151], "software,": [45], "especially": [46], "in": [47], "areas": [48], "like": [49], "Artificial": [50], "Intelligence": [51], "(AI)": [52], "applications,": [53], "VPs": [54], "need": [55, 164], "provide": [57], "high": [58, 108], "simulation": [59, 155], "speed": [60], "ensure": [62], "executes": [66], "within": [67], "reasonable": [69], "time.": [70], "Hybrid": [71], "simulation,": [72], "which": [73], "combines": [74], "virtual": [75, 167], "models": [76], "with": [77], "real": [78, 94], "hardware,": [79], "can": [80], "improve": [81], "performance": [83], "VPs.": [85, 102], "This": [86], "paper": [87], "introduces": [88], "novel": [90], "approach": [91], "integrating": [93], "Peripheral": [95], "Component": [96], "Interconnect": [97], "(PCI)": [98], "devices": [99, 106, 193], "into": [100, 142, 194], "SystemC-TLM-2.0-based": [101], "The": [103, 146], "embedded": [104], "PCI": [105, 192], "enable": [107], "performance,": [109], "easy": [110], "integration,": [111], "allow": [113], "introspection": [114], "analysis": [116], "optimization.": [118], "To": [119], "illustrate": [120], "practical": [122], "application": [123], "our": [125, 174], "approach,": [126], "we": [127, 133], "present": [128], "case": [130], "study": [131], "where": [132], "integrate": [134], "Google": [135], "Coral's": [136], "Edge": [137], "Tensor": [138], "Processing": [139], "Unit": [140], "(TPU)": [141], "ARM-based": [144], "VP.": [145], "integration": [147], "allows": [148], "efficient": [149], "execution": [150], "AI": [152], "workloads,": [153], "accelerating": [154, 171], "speeds": [156], "by": [157], "up": [158], "480x": [160], "while": [161], "eliminating": [162], "complex": [166], "device": [168, 184], "models.": [169], "Beyond": [170], "AI-workload": [172], "execution,": [173], "framework": [175], "enables": [176], "driver": [177], "development,": [178], "regression": [179], "across": [181], "architectures,": [182], "communication": [185], "analysis.": [186], "Our": [187], "findings": [188], "demonstrate": [189], "that": [190], "embedding": [191], "SystemC": [195], "simulations": [196], "significantly": [197], "enhances": [198]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.9980000257492065, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.9980000257492065, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12810", "display_name": "Real-time simulation and control systems", "score": 0.00039999998989515007, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2207", "display_name": "Control and Systems Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13292", "display_name": "Embedded Systems and FPGA Applications", "score": 0.00039999998989515007, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.15590", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.15590", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.15590", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": "2331-8422", "issn": ["2331-8422"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "other-oa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa", "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7117452051", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15010137", "title": "Novel Low-Power CNFET-GAAFET Based Ternary 9T SRAM Design for Computing-in-Memory Systems", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-28", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5121448169", "display_name": "Adnan A. Patel", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I180949307", "display_name": "Illinois Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/037t3ry66", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Adnan A. Patel", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DA-Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3301 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DA-Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3301 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5121451316", "display_name": "Sohan Sai Dasaraju", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I180949307", "display_name": "Illinois Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/037t3ry66", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sohan Sai Dasaraju", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DA-Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3301 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DA-Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3301 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5114188474", "display_name": "Yatrik Ashish Shah", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I180949307", "display_name": "Illinois Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/037t3ry66", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yatrik Ashish Shah", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DA-Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3301 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DA-Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3301 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5115030061", "display_name": "Achyuth Gundrapally", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6144-9900", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6144-9900"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I180949307", "display_name": "Illinois Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/037t3ry66", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Achyuth Gundrapally", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DA-Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3301 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6144-9900", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DA-Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3301 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5121460072", "display_name": "Kyuwon Ken Choi", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I180949307", "display_name": "Illinois Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/037t3ry66", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kyuwon Ken Choi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["DA-Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3301 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "DA-Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3301 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 78], "growing": [1], "demand": [2], "for": [3, 162, 211], "energy-efficient": [4], "memory": [5], "systems": [6], "in": [7, 42, 85, 91, 96, 105, 123, 128], "artificial": [8], "intelligence": [9], "(AI)": [10], "accelerators": [11], "has": [12], "intensified": [13], "research": [14], "into": [15, 207], "novel": [16], "device": [17], "technologies": [18, 202], "and": [19, 30, 47, 73, 149, 173, 178, 200], "computing-in-memory": [20], "(CIM)": [21], "architectures.": [22, 193], "While": [23], "conventional": [24], "binary": [25], "SRAM": [26, 64, 192], "architectures": [27], "using": [28, 67], "CMOS": [29], "FinFET": [31, 92, 113, 124], "devices": [32], "have": [33], "been": [34], "widely": [35], "explored,": [36], "ternary-based": [37], "designs": [38, 180], "offer": [39], "potential": [40, 175], "benefits": [41], "terms": [43], "of": [44, 56, 101, 138, 176], "storage": [45], "density": [46], "computational": [48], "efficiency.": [49], "This": [50], "work": [51], "presents": [52], "a": [53, 57, 82, 108, 135, 185], "low-power": [54], "analysis": [55], "sense-amplifier": [58], "embedded": [59], "(SE)": [60], "9-transistor": [61], "(9T)": [62], "ternary": [63, 190], "architecture": [65], "implemented": [66], "Carbon": [68], "Nanotube": [69], "Field-Effect": [70, 75], "Transistors": [71, 76], "(CNFETs)": [72], "Gate-All-Around": [74], "(GAAFETs).": [77], "comparative": [79], "results": [80], "show": [81], "substantial": [83], "reduction": [84, 110], "total": [86, 117], "power": [87, 100, 148, 156], "consumption\u2014from": [88], "109.2": [89], "\u03bcW": [90, 95, 104], "to": [93, 112, 125, 198], "26.73": [94], "GAAFET\u2014and": [97], "an": [98], "ultra-low": [99], "only": [102], "0.0004": [103], "CNFET,": [106], "representing": [107], "99%": [109], "compared": [111], "designs.": [114], "Similarly,": [115], "the": [116, 131, 144, 154, 169], "delay": [118, 137], "decreases": [119], "from": [120], "0.01108": [121], "ns": [122, 127], "0.004": [126], "GAAFET,": [129], "while": [130], "CNFET": [132, 152, 199], "design": [133], "shows": [134], "modest": [136], "0.017": [139], "ns.": [140], "Overall,": [141], "GAAFET": [142, 201], "offers": [143], "best": [145], "trade-off": [146], "between": [147], "delay,": [150], "whereas": [151], "achieves": [153], "lowest": [155], "consumption,": [157], "making": [158], "it": [159], "highly": [160], "suitable": [161], "ultra-low-power": [163], "AI": [164], "applications.": [165], "These": [166], "findings": [167], "emphasize": [168], "superior": [170], "energy": [171], "efficiency": [172], "scalability": [174], "CNFET-": [177], "GAAFET-based": [179], "over": [181], "traditional": [182], "FinFETs,": [183], "offering": [184], "promising": [186], "pathway": [187], "toward": [188], "next-generation": [189], "CIM-enabled": [191], "Furthermore,": [194], "fabrication": [195], "challenges": [196], "related": [197], "are": [203], "discussed,": [204], "providing": [205], "insights": [206], "their": [208], "practical": [209], "feasibility": [210], "large-scale": [212], "integration.": [213]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.5889000296592712, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.5889000296592712, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10558", "display_name": "Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design", "score": 0.2709999978542328, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.13040000200271606, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3390/electronics15010137", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15010137", "pdf_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/15/1/137/pdf?version=1766904161", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210202905", "display_name": "Electronics", "issn_l": "2079-9292", "issn": ["2079-9292"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310310987", "host_organization_name": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Electronics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7162421943", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20392543", "title": "Redefining Memory:Energy-Efficient SRAM Designs for AI and Edge Computing", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "article", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5137039626", "display_name": "S Varshini", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9474-838X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9474-838X"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "S Varshini", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["R V Institute of Technology and Management"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "R V Institute of Technology and Management", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5137034125", "display_name": "Shricharan MS", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Shricharan MS", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["R V Institute of Technology and Management"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "R V Institute of Technology and Management", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5137038737", "display_name": "Sarvamangala B", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sarvamangala B", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["R V Institute of Technology and Management"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "R V Institute of Technology and Management", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5137018238", "display_name": "Vikash Kumar", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Vikash Kumar", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["R V Institute of Technology and Management"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "R V Institute of Technology and Management", "institution_ids": []}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Static": [0, 230], "Random-Access": [1], "Memory": [2], "(SRAM)": [3], "is": [4, 67, 77], "a": [5, 22, 41], "building": [6], "block": [7], "in": [8, 79, 85, 157, 177, 213], "modern": [9], "digital": [10], "sys-": [11], "tems,": [12], "with": [13], "high-speed": [14], "and": [15, 44, 98, 117, 142, 151, 164, 172, 187, 207, 211, 223], "efficient": [16], "energy": [17, 148], "stor-": [18], "age": [19], "solutions": [20], "for": [21], "broad": [23], "range": [24], "of": [25, 47, 82, 88, 180, 215], "ap-": [26], "plications,": [27], "ranging": [28], "from": [29, 57], "em-": [30], "bedded": [31], "systems": [32], "to": [33, 60, 103, 128, 218], "artificial": [34], "intelligence": [35], "(AI)": [36], "applications.": [37], "In": [38, 154, 191], "this": [39, 192], "paper,": [40], "comprehensive": [42], "review": [43], "comparative": [45], "analysis": [46], "recent": [48], "SRAM": [49, 74, 116, 135], "struc-": [50], "ture": [51], "trends": [52], "across": [53], "technology": [54], "nodes,": [55], "i.e.,": [56], "180": [58], "nm": [59], "3": [61], "nm,": [62], "are": [63, 175, 196], "reported.": [64], "Specific": [65], "emphasis": [66], "laid": [68], "on": [69, 183], "the": [70, 80, 86, 130, 178], "omnipresent": [71], "6-transistor": [72], "(6T)": [73], "cell,": [75], "which": [76], "described": [78, 176], "context": [81, 179], "its": [83], "development": [84], "face": [87], "read-disturb": [89], "effects,": [90], "leakage": [91], "currents,": [92], "reduced": [93], "static": [94], "noise": [95], "margins": [96], "(SNM),": [97], "scalability": [99], "issues": [100], "pertain-": [101], "ing": [102], "CMOS": [104], "tech-": [105], "nology": [106], "scaling.": [107], "We": [108], "discuss": [109], "compute-in-memory": [110, 204], "(CIM)": [111], "approaches,": [112], "such": [113, 137, 167], "as": [114, 138, 168, 198], "6TP": [115, 238], "Dual-Wordline": [118], "architectures,": [119, 145], "that": [120], "integrate": [121], "MAC": [122, 236], "operations": [123], "within": [124], "memory": [125], "ar-": [126], "rays": [127], "mitigate": [129], "von": [131], "Neumann": [132], "bottleneck.": [133], "Advanced": [134], "topologies,": [136], "8T,": [139], "10T,": [140], "11T,": [141], "hybrid": [143], "analog-digital": [144], "have": [146], "superior": [147], "efficiency,": [149], "stability,": [150], "fault": [152], "tolerance.": [153], "addition,": [155], "improvement": [156, 210], "sense": [158], "amplifier": [159], "design,": [160], "low-": [161], "voltage": [162], "operation,": [163], "power-saving": [165], "strategies": [166], "MTCMOS,": [169], "transistor": [170], "stacking,": [171], "adaptive": [173], "decoders": [174], "their": [181, 216], "impact": [182], "read/write": [184], "per-": [185], "formance": [186], "energy-delay": [188], "trade-": [189], "offs.": [190], "work,": [193], "these": [194], "innovations": [195], "categorized": [197], "traditional": [199], "SRAM,": [200, 227, 239], "low-power": [201], "optimized": [202], "cells,": [203], "frame-": [205], "works,": [206], "sensing": [208], "circuit": [209], "evaluated": [212], "terms": [214], "applicability": [217], "AI": [219], "accelerators,": [220], "IoT": [221], "devices,": [222], "edge": [224], "computing.": [225], "Keywords:": [226], "Compute-In": [228], "Memory(CIM),": [229], "Noise": [231], "Margin(SNM),": [232], "Sense": [233], "Amplifiers,": [234], "Decoders,": [235], "operations,": [237], "Read": [240], "Disturb": [241], "Issue": [242]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.8817999958992004, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.8817999958992004, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.1103999987244606, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10558", "display_name": "Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design", "score": 0.005200000014156103, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5281/zenodo.20392543", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20392543", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562", "display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "JournalArticle"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4411680426", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewaaes52025603", "title": "Competitive Intelligence Review: Evolution and Trends of AI-Based Microprocessors", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-06-26", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058295645", "display_name": "Gabriel Silva Atencio", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4881-181X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4881-181X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210101627", "display_name": "Universidad Latinoamericana de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda", "ror": "https://ror.org/0175p1a50", "country_code": "CR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210101627"]}], "countries": ["CR"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Gabriel Silva-Atencio", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Engineering Department, Latin American University of Science and Technology, Costa Rica"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4881-181X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Engineering Department, Latin American University of Science and Technology, Costa Rica", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210101627"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0], "research": [1, 22, 185], "investigates": [2], "how": [3], "artificial": [4], "intelligence": [5], "(AI)": [6], "is": [7, 80], "changing": [8], "microprocessor": [9, 127], "design": [10], "and": [11, 28, 46, 66, 75, 141, 153, 170, 184, 186], "industrial": [12], "competitiveness": [13], "using": [14, 57], "a": [15, 192], "mixed-methods": [16], "approach": [17], "that": [18, 94, 227], "combines": [19], "systematic": [20], "literature": [21], "(861": [23], "Scopus-indexed": [24], "articles": [25], "spanning": [26], "2015-2025)": [27], "patent": [29], "analysis.": [30], "The": [31, 52, 224], "study": [32, 53, 190], "goals": [33], "emphasize": [34], "(1)": [35], "assessing": [36], "architectural": [37], "changes": [38], "toward": [39], "AI": [40, 119, 150, 174], "specialization,": [41], "(2)": [42], "examining": [43], "vendor": [44, 133], "tactics,": [45], "(3)": [47], "spotting": [48], "sector-specific": [49], "adoption": [50, 79], "obstacles.": [51, 144], "assessed": [54], "trends": [55], "methodologically": [56], "PRISMA-guided": [58], "document": [59], "screening,": [60], "NVivo-based": [61], "theme": [62], "coding": [63], "(Krippendorff's": [64], "\u03b1=0.82),": [65], "statistical": [67], "analysis": [68], "(\u03c7\u00b2": [69], "tests,": [70], "linear": [71], "regression).": [72], "While": [73], "small": [74], "medium": [76], "enterprise": [77], "(SME)": [78], "behind": [81], "3.2\u00d7": [82], "because": [83], "of": [84, 96, 173, 222, 232], "$540": [85], "M+": [86], "5": [87, 208], "nm": [88, 165], "development": [89, 187], "expenses,": [90], "key": [91], "findings": [92], "show": [93], "58.88%": [95], "current": [97], "designs": [98], "are": [99], "AI-optimized": [100], "(14.7\u00d7": [101], "increase": [102], "since": [103], "2015)": [104], "with": [105], "Google's": [106], "Tensor": [107], "Processing": [108], "Units": [109], "attaining": [110], "2.8\u00d7": [111], "greater": [112], "energy": [113], "efficiency": [114], "than": [115], "graphics": [116], "processing": [117], "units.": [118], "has": [120, 229], "significantly,": [121], "in": [122, 176], "our": [123], "opinion,": [124], "significantly": [125], "changed": [126], "invention": [128], "paths,": [129], "hence": [130], "producing": [131], "different": [132], "tactics": [134], "(NVIDIA's": [135], "acceleration": [136], "vs.": [137], "Intel's": [138], "hybrid": [139], "approach)": [140], "new": [142], "market": [143], "Strategic": [145], "advice": [146], "calls": [147], "for": [148, 157, 181, 195], "unifying": [149], "processor": [151], "benchmarks": [152], "building": [154], "modular": [155], "architectures": [156], "SMEs.": [158], "Future": [159], "studies": [160], "should": [161], "examine": [162], "3": [163, 218], "nm/2": [164], "node": [166], "economics,": [167], "photonic/neuromorphic": [168], "substitutes,": [169], "ethical": [171], "consequences": [172], "hardware": [175], "sensitive": [177], "uses.": [178], "With": [179], "implications": [180], "semiconductor": [182], "policy": [183], "priorities,": [188], "this": [189, 235], "offers": [191], "verified": [193], "methodology": [194], "evaluating": [196], "AI's": [197], "contribution": [198], "to": [199, 234], "upholding": [200], "Moore's": [201], "law": [202], "under": [203], "physical": [204], "scaling": [205], "restrictions.": [206], "Received:": [207], "March": [209], "2025": [210, 215, 220], "|": [211, 216], "Revised:": [212], "27": [213], "April": [214], "Accepted:": [217], "June": [219], "Conflicts": [221], "Interest": [223], "author": [225, 247], "declares": [226], "he": [228], "no": [230], "conflicts": [231], "interest": [233], "work.": [236], "Data": [237, 240, 264], "Availability": [238], "Statement": [239, 253], "available": [241], "on": [242], "request": [243], "from": [244], "the": [245], "corresponding": [246], "upon": [248], "reasonable": [249], "request.": [250], "Author": [251], "Contribution": [252], "Gabriel": [254], "Silva-Atencio:": [255], "Conceptualization,": [256], "Methodology,": [257], "Software,": [258], "Validation,": [259], "Formal": [260], "analysis,": [261], "Investigation,": [262], "Resources,": [263], "curation,": [265], "Writing": [266, 270], "-": [267, 271], "original": [268], "draft,": [269], "review": [272], "&": [273], "editing,": [274], "Visualization,": [275], "Supervision,": [276], "Project": [277], "administration.": [278]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.6445000171661377, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.6445000171661377, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13904", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence Applications", "score": 0.08720000088214874, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13204", "display_name": "Competitive and Knowledge Intelligence", "score": 0.030400000512599945, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1408", "display_name": "Strategy and Management"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/14", "display_name": "Business, Management and Accounting"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.47852/bonviewaaes52025603", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewaaes52025603", "pdf_url": "https://ojs.bonviewpress.com/index.php/AAES/article/download/5603/1476", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4387290688", "display_name": "Archives of Advanced Engineering Science", "issn_l": "2972-4325", "issn": ["2972-4325"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core"], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Archives of Advanced Engineering Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4416421083", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2503.22044", "title": "CIMPool: Scalable Neural Network Acceleration for Compute-In-Memory using Weight Pools", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-03-27", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5012719636", "display_name": "Shurui Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6441-3988", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6441-3988"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Li, Shurui", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Gupta, Puneet", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Gupta, Puneet", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Compute-in-memory": [0], "(CIM)": [1], "based": [2], "neural": [3, 66], "network": [4], "accelerators": [5], "offer": [6], "a": [7, 43, 54, 90, 163], "promising": [8], "solution": [9], "to": [10, 31, 68, 88, 96, 112, 174, 186], "the": [11, 78, 97, 106, 115, 153, 180], "Von": [12], "Neumann": [13], "bottleneck": [14], "by": [15, 119, 147, 183], "computing": [16], "directly": [17], "within": [18, 71], "memory": [19, 37, 73], "arrays.": [20], "However,": [21], "SRAM": [22, 168], "CIM": [23], "faces": [24], "limitations": [25], "in": [26, 167], "executing": [27], "larger": [28, 65, 92, 160], "models": [29, 161], "due": [30], "its": [32], "cell": [33], "size": [34], "and": [35, 46, 110, 126, 151], "on-chip": [36, 72], "constraints.": [38, 74], "This": [39, 75], "work": [40], "proposes": [41], "CIMPool,": [42], "CIM-aware": [44], "compression": [45, 57, 93, 107], "acceleration": [47], "framework": [48], "that": [49, 132], "counters": [50], "this": [51], "limitation": [52], "through": [53], "weight": [55, 120], "sharing-based": [56], "technique,": [58], "aptly": [59], "named": [60], "`Weight": [61], "Pool,'": [62], "enabling": [63], "significantly": [64, 91], "networks": [67], "be": [69], "accommodated": [70], "method": [76, 100], "minimizes": [77], "accuracy": [79, 138], "trade-off": [80], "typically": [81], "associated": [82], "with": [83, 101, 123, 139], "parameter": [84], "compression,": [85, 122], "allowing": [86], "CIMPool": [87, 104, 133, 177], "achieve": [89, 135], "ratio": [94], "compared": [95, 185], "traditional": [98, 188], "quantization": [99], "iso-accuracy.": [102], "Furthermore,": [103], "co-optimizes": [105], "algorithm,": [108], "hardware,": [109], "dataflow": [111], "efficiently": [113], "implement": [114], "hardware": [116], "permutation": [117], "required": [118], "pool": [121], "negligible": [124], "area": [125, 146, 165], "throughput": [127], "overhead.": [128], "Empirical": [129], "results": [130], "demonstrate": [131], "can": [134, 178], "8-bit": [136], "level": [137], "an": [140, 156], "effective": [141], "0.5-bit": [142], "precision,": [143], "reduce": [144, 179], "chip": [145], "62.3%": [148], "for": [149, 162], "ResNet-18,": [150], "enable": [152], "execution": [154], "of": [155, 158], "order": [157], "magnitude": [159], "given": [164], "budget": [166], "CIMs.": [169, 189], "When": [170], "DRAM": [171], "is": [172], "used": [173], "store": [175], "weights,": [176], "total": [181], "energy": [182], "3.24x": [184], "iso-accuracy": [187]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9506999850273132, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9506999850273132, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.012600000016391277, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.011900000274181366, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.22044", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.22044", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.22044", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": "2331-8422", "issn": ["2331-8422"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4408362299", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11390-024-4178-1", "title": "AI Computing Systems for Large Language Models Training", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100605424", "display_name": "Zhenxing Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-9873", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-9873", "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3355-8361", "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9954-5128"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I126520041", "display_name": "University of Science and Technology of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/04c4dkn09", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I126520041", "https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090176", "display_name": "Institute of Computing Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/0090r4d87", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhen-Xing Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China", "State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5087827369", "display_name": "Yuanbo Wen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-5645", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-5645"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090176", "display_name": "Institute of Computing Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/0090r4d87", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yuan-Bo Wen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Han-Qi Lyu", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I126520041", "display_name": "University of Science and Technology of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/04c4dkn09", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I126520041", "https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090176", "display_name": "Institute of Computing Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/0090r4d87", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4401726770", "display_name": "Cambricon (China)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00r2rga43", "country_code": null, "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4401726770"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Han-Qi Lyu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Cambricon Technologies, Beijing, China", "School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China", "State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Cambricon Technologies, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4401726770"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100633843", "display_name": "Chang Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9540-6086", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9540-6086"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4401726770", "display_name": "Cambricon (China)", "ror": "https://ror.org/00r2rga43", "country_code": null, "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4401726770"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chang Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Cambricon Technologies, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Cambricon Technologies, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4401726770"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101573366", "display_name": "Rui Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8691-8549", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8691-8549", "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-6250"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090176", "display_name": "Institute of Computing Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/0090r4d87", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Rui Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5063860382", "display_name": "Xiaqing Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7748-7967", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7748-7967", "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5156-8923", "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6405-2297"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090176", "display_name": "Institute of Computing Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/0090r4d87", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xia-Qing Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011884768", "display_name": "Chao Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9403-5575", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9403-5575"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I126520041", "display_name": "University of Science and Technology of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/04c4dkn09", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I126520041", "https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chao Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056949827", "display_name": "Zidong Du", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7603-4210", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7603-4210"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090176", "display_name": "Institute of Computing Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/0090r4d87", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zi-Dong Du", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Shanghai Innovation Center for Processor Technologies, Shanghai, China", "State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Shanghai Innovation Center for Processor Technologies, Shanghai, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Qi Guo", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090176", "display_name": "Institute of Computing Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/0090r4d87", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Qi Guo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100435321", "display_name": "Ling Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8877-9052", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8877-9052"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210128818", "display_name": "Institute of Software", "ror": "https://ror.org/033dfsn42", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ling Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Intelligent Software Research Center, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Intelligent Software Research Center, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5077322091", "display_name": "Xuehai Zhou", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-3143", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-3143"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I126520041", "display_name": "University of Science and Technology of China", "ror": "https://ror.org/04c4dkn09", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I126520041", "https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xue-Hai Zhou", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5036492388", "display_name": "Yunji Chen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-5185", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-5185"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090176", "display_name": "Institute of Computing Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/0090r4d87", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210165038", "display_name": "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/05qbk4x57", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yun-Ji Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "State Key Laboratory of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.8335000276565552, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.8335000276565552, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10028", "display_name": "Topic Modeling", "score": 0.05900000035762787, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.016899999231100082, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/s11390-024-4178-1", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11390-024-4178-1", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S161516442", "display_name": "Journal of Computer Science and Technology", "issn_l": "1000-9000", "issn": ["1000-9000", "1860-4749"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Journal of Computer Science and Technology", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 15, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4410336417", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-025-10455-9", "title": "HSBNN: A High-Scalable Bayesian Neural Networks Accelerator Based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA)", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-05-13", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5061502615", "display_name": "Yinghao Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2368-7397", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2368-7397"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I74801974", "display_name": "The University of Tokyo", "ror": "https://ror.org/057zh3y96", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yinghao Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro City, 153-8902, Japan"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro City, 153-8902, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100396941", "display_name": "Hao Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6397-8810", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6397-8810"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Hao Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Gusu Laboratory of Materials, Suzhou, 215000, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Gusu Laboratory of Materials, Suzhou, 215000, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5025554387", "display_name": "Zhe Sun", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6531-0769", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6531-0769"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I34077901", "display_name": "Juntendo University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01692sz90", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I34077901"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Zhe Sun", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Faculty of Health Data Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, 279-0013, Japan"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6531-0769", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Faculty of Health Data Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, 279-0013, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I34077901"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Feng Duan", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I205237279", "display_name": "Nankai University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01y1kjr75", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Feng Duan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100622401", "display_name": "Yuan Ma", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-9646", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-9646"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210156404", "display_name": "Institute of Information Engineering", "ror": "https://ror.org/04r53se39", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yuan Ma", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102212522", "display_name": "Wenyi Lu", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I205237279", "display_name": "Nankai University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01y1kjr75", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Wenyi Lu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5024870237", "display_name": "Cesar Federico Caiafa", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5437-6095", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5437-6095"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I151201029", "display_name": "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas", "ror": "https://ror.org/03cqe8w59", "country_code": "AR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I151201029", "https://openalex.org/I4210123736", "https://openalex.org/I4387155568"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210134895", "display_name": "Instituto Argentino de Radioastronom\u00eda", "ror": "https://ror.org/035a15991", "country_code": "AR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210134895"]}], "countries": ["AR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Cesar F. Caiafa", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Instituto Argentino de Radioastronom\u00eda, CONICET CCT La Plata/CIC-PBA/UNLP, V. Elisa, Argentina"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Instituto Argentino de Radioastronom\u00eda, CONICET CCT La Plata/CIC-PBA/UNLP, V. Elisa, Argentina", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I151201029", "https://openalex.org/I4210134895"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5088107746", "display_name": "Jordi Sol\u00e9\u2010Casals", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6534-1979", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6534-1979"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I115304662", "display_name": "Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya", "ror": "https://ror.org/006zjws59", "country_code": "ES", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115304662"]}], "countries": ["ES"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jordi Sol\u00e9-Casals", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Data and Signal Processing Research Group, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Catalonia, Spain"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Data and Signal Processing Research Group, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Catalonia, Spain", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I115304662"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.5547000169754028, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.5547000169754028, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.2484000027179718, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13292", "display_name": "Embedded Systems and FPGA Applications", "score": 0.03999999910593033, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/s12559-025-10455-9", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-025-10455-9", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S133078663", "display_name": "Cognitive Computation", "issn_l": "1866-9956", "issn": ["1866-9956", "1866-9964"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "doyens", "jufo-2", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Cognitive Computation", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4414444240", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202509.0719.v1", "title": "Learning with Fewer Bits Across Layers and Time in the Training of Foundation-Scale Transformers", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-09-22", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5115848263", "display_name": "Oliver Hartley", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2194-8613", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2194-8613"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I40120149", "display_name": "University of Oxford", "ror": "https://ror.org/052gg0110", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I67415387", "display_name": "Lancaster University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04f2nsd36", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Oliver Hartley", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford", "School of Computer Science , Lancaster University"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Computer Science , Lancaster University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Priya Desai", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I47508984", "display_name": "Imperial College London", "ror": "https://ror.org/041kmwe10", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Priya Desai", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computing , Imperial College London"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computing , Imperial College London", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022273405", "display_name": "N.H. Brooks", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I40120149", "display_name": "University of Oxford", "ror": "https://ror.org/052gg0110", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nathaniel Brooks", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Eleanor Hughes", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I47508984", "display_name": "Imperial College London", "ror": "https://ror.org/041kmwe10", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Eleanor Hughes", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computing , Imperial College London"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computing , Imperial College London", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109541011", "display_name": "Beverley Marion", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4290-7411", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4290-7411"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I67415387", "display_name": "Lancaster University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04f2nsd36", "country_code": "GB", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}], "countries": ["GB"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Beverley Marion", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Computer Science , Lancaster University"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Computer Science , Lancaster University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "unprecedented": [1], "scale": [2], "of": [3, 20, 29, 41, 101, 126, 149, 166, 186, 204, 247, 258, 278, 282, 294], "contemporary": [4], "foundation": [5, 128], "models": [6, 296], "has": [7, 70], "catalyzed": [8], "a": [9, 38, 75, 80, 109, 183, 275], "dramatic": [10], "shift": [11], "in": [12, 135, 146, 207], "both": [13, 234], "the": [14, 17, 26, 99, 123, 147, 161, 173, 202, 241, 279, 291], "capabilities": [15], "and": [16, 50, 57, 83, 90, 118, 137, 143, 163, 172, 195, 201, 222, 236, 244, 253, 261, 302, 309], "computational": [18], "demands": [19, 125], "modern": [21], "machine": [22], "learning": [23, 230], "systems.": [24, 93], "While": [25], "performance": [27], "benefits": [28], "large-scale": [30, 105], "architectures": [31, 151], "such": [32], "as": [33, 74, 79], "transformers": [34], "are": [35, 298], "well-documented": [36], "across": [37, 220], "wide": [39], "spectrum": [40], "domains\u2014including": [42], "natural": [43], "language": [44], "processing,": [45], "computer": [46], "vision,": [47], "code": [48], "synthesis,": [49], "multimodal": [51], "reasoning\u2014their": [52], "resource": [53], "consumption": [54], "during": [55], "training": [56, 103, 127, 223, 273], "deployment": [58], "poses": [59], "increasingly": [60], "critical": [61], "challenges.": [62], "In": [63, 94], "response": [64], "to": [65, 256], "these": [66, 266], "constraints,": [67], "low-precision": [68, 102, 248, 272], "arithmetic": [69], "emerged": [71], "not": [72, 299], "merely": [73], "hardware": [76], "optimization,": [77], "but": [78, 304], "central": [81], "algorithmic": [82], "architectural": [84], "consideration": [85], "for": [86, 104, 228, 290], "building": [87], "scalable,": [88], "sustainable,": [89], "accessible": [91], "AI": [92, 295], "this": [95], "work,": [96], "we": [97, 159, 239, 269], "examine": [98], "frontier": [100], "neural": [106], "networks,": [107], "with": [108, 122], "focus": [110], "on": [111], "how": [112, 132, 214], "quantized": [113, 167], "representations,": [114], "reduced": [115], "numerical": [116, 209, 280], "formats,": [117], "precision-aware": [119], "optimizers": [120], "interact": [121], "unique": [124], "models.": [129], "We": [130, 211], "explore": [131], "bit-level": [133], "reductions": [134], "forward": [136], "backward": [138], "computation": [139], "affect": [140], "convergence,": [141], "stability,": [142], "generalization,": [144], "particularly": [145], "context": [148], "transformer-based": [150], "that": [152, 232, 271, 286, 297], "dominate": [153], "today\u2019s": [154], "state-of-the-art.": [155], "Beyond": [156], "empirical": [157], "performance,": [158], "consider": [160], "theoretical": [162], "practical": [164], "implications": [165], "gradients,": [168], "loss": [169, 192], "surface": [170], "discretization,": [171], "trade-offs": [174], "introduced": [175], "by": [176], "aggressive": [177], "precision": [178, 215], "constraints.": [179], "Our": [180], "analysis": [181], "covers": [182], "broad": [184], "range": [185], "methods,": [187], "including": [188], "mixed-precision": [189], "training,": [190], "dynamic": [191], "scaling,": [193], "8-bit": [194], "4-bit": [196], "optimizer": [197], "variants,": [198], "quantization-aware": [199], "initialization,": [200], "role": [203], "master": [205], "weights": [206], "mitigating": [208], "instability.": [210], "further": [212], "discuss": [213], "can": [216], "be": [217, 288], "dynamically": [218], "allocated": [219], "layers": [221], "phases,": [224], "revealing": [225], "new": [226], "opportunities": [227], "adaptive": [229], "systems": [231], "optimize": [233], "accuracy": [235], "efficiency.": [237], "Finally,": [238], "address": [240], "broader": [242], "system-level": [243], "ethical": [245], "dimensions": [246], "training\u2014ranging": [249], "from": [250], "hardware-software": [251], "co-design": [252], "compiler-level": [254], "integration": [255], "issues": [257], "robustness,": [259], "fairness,": [260], "carbon": [262], "footprint.": [263], "By": [264], "synthesizing": [265], "diverse": [267], "threads,": [268], "argue": [270], "represents": [274], "fundamental": [276], "rethinking": [277], "foundations": [281], "deep": [283], "learning,": [284], "one": [285], "will": [287], "essential": [289], "next": [292], "generation": [293], "only": [300], "larger": [301], "faster,": [303], "also": [305], "more": [306], "efficient,": [307], "equitable,": [308], "environmentally": [310], "viable.": [311]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.6542999744415283, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.6542999744415283, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11612", "display_name": "Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.15449999272823334, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11697", "display_name": "Numerical Methods and Algorithms", "score": 0.10159999877214432, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1703", "display_name": "Computational Theory and Mathematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.20944/preprints202509.0719.v1", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202509.0719.v1", "pdf_url": "https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/ace8951976d4db4467a24cdcf6d0649e/download_pub", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S6309402219", "display_name": "Preprints.org", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "acceptedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "posted-content"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7215954473", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.32996/jcsts.2025.7.8.41", "title": "Architectural Overview of Edge AI Processing in Smart Connected Devices: From Embedded Hardware to Real-Time Inference", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-08-04", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5154887022", "display_name": "Ankit Rana", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Ankit Rana", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Independent Researcher, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Independent Researcher, USA", "institution_ids": []}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Edge": [0], "artificial": [1], "intelligence": [2, 46], "represents": [3], "a": [4, 27], "paradigm": [5], "shift": [6], "in": [7, 115, 146, 188], "computing": [8], "architecture,": [9], "enabling": [10, 178], "machine": [11], "learning": [12, 148], "inference": [13, 95], "directly": [14], "on": [15, 21, 109], "embedded": [16, 169], "devices": [17], "rather": [18], "than": [19], "relying": [20], "cloud": [22], "infrastructure.": [23], "This": [24, 157], "article": [25], "provides": [26, 160], "comprehensive": [28, 158], "examination": [29], "of": [30, 52, 154, 172], "edge": [31, 110, 155], "AI": [32, 102, 174], "systems,": [33], "exploring": [34], "the": [35, 50, 123, 152], "technical": [36], "foundations,": [37], "optimization": [38, 75, 85], "techniques,": [39], "and": [40, 68, 76, 93, 107, 120, 128, 143, 162, 184], "real-world": [41], "implementations": [42, 127], "that": [43, 149], "make": [44], "local": [45], "processing": [47, 63, 66], "feasible": [48], "within": [49], "constraints": [51], "consumer": [53], "hardware.": [54], "The": [55, 132], "analysis": [56], "covers": [57], "processor": [58], "selection": [59], "criteria,": [60], "including": [61], "neural": [62], "units,": [64, 67], "tensor": [65], "digital": [69], "signal": [70], "processors,": [71], "alongside": [72], "memory": [73], "hierarchy": [74], "power": [77], "management": [78], "strategies": [79], "essential": [80], "for": [81], "resource-constrained": [82], "environments.": [83], "Model": [84], "techniques": [86], "such": [87], "as": [88], "quantization,": [89], "pruning,": [90], "knowledge": [91], "distillation,": [92], "dynamic": [94], "are": [96], "examined": [97], "to": [98, 135], "demonstrate": [99], "how": [100], "sophisticated": [101], "capabilities": [103], "can": [104], "be": [105], "compressed": [106], "deployed": [108], "devices.": [111, 191], "Through": [112], "case": [113], "studies": [114], "voice": [116], "processing,": [117], "anomaly": [118], "detection,": [119], "computer": [121], "vision,": [122], "paper": [124], "illustrates": [125], "practical": [126], "their": [129], "performance": [130], "characteristics.": [131], "discussion": [133], "extends": [134], "emerging": [136], "hardware": [137], "technologies,": [138], "standardization": [139], "efforts,": [140], "privacy": [141], "implications,": [142], "research": [144], "challenges": [145], "federated": [147], "will": [150], "shape": [151], "future": [153], "AI.": [156], "overview": [159], "engineers": [161], "researchers": [163], "with": [164], "insights": [165], "into": [166], "designing": [167], "efficient": [168], "systems": [170], "capable": [171], "running": [173], "models": [175], "locally,": [176], "thereby": [177], "faster": [179], "response": [180], "times,": [181], "enhanced": [182], "privacy,": [183], "reduced": [185], "network": [186], "dependencies": [187], "smart": [189], "connected": [190]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10273", "display_name": "IoT and Edge/Fog Computing", "score": 0.9419000148773193, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10273", "display_name": "IoT and Edge/Fog Computing", "score": 0.9419000148773193, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.05420000106096268, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13038", "display_name": "Internet of Things and AI", "score": 0.000699999975040555, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1710", "display_name": "Information Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:ojs2.al-kindipublisher.com:article/10540", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://al-kindipublisher.com/index.php/jcsts/article/view/10540", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210180307", "display_name": "Journal of Computer Science and Technology Studies", "issn_l": "2709-104X", "issn": ["2709-104X"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4365383729", "host_organization_name": "Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4365383729"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "2709-104X", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4413989232", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.64252/yc79fn98", "title": "\u201cResource-Aware Deep Learning: Neural Network Optimization for Edge Devices: A Review\u201d", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-08-04", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Anindita Chakraborty,", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405266301", "display_name": "Brainware University", "ror": "https://ror.org/021g9h582", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405266301"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Anindita Chakraborty,", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of CSE-AI , Brainware University , Kolkata , West Bengal , India,"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of CSE-AI , Brainware University , Kolkata , West Bengal , India,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4405266301"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102584753", "display_name": "Shivnath Ghosh", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7368-7139", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7368-7139", "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2524-5641"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405266301", "display_name": "Brainware University", "ror": "https://ror.org/021g9h582", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405266301"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Dr. Shivnath Ghosh,", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of CSE-AI , Brainware University , Kolkata , West Bengal , India,"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of CSE-AI , Brainware University , Kolkata , West Bengal , India,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4405266301"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100712187", "display_name": "B\u0131nod Kumar", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6172-7938", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6172-7938"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I3133455736", "display_name": "Jharkhand Rai University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04qdhg582", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I3133455736"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Binod Kumar,", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Faculty of CSE & IT , Jharkhand Rai University , Ranchi , Jharkhand , India,"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Faculty of CSE & IT , Jharkhand Rai University , Ranchi , Jharkhand , India,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I3133455736"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007259873", "display_name": "Sampurna Mandal", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405266301", "display_name": "Brainware University", "ror": "https://ror.org/021g9h582", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405266301"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sampurna Mandal,", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of CSE-AI , Brainware University , Kolkata , West Bengal , India,"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of CSE-AI , Brainware University , Kolkata , West Bengal , India,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4405266301"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Pranashi Chakraborty,", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405266301", "display_name": "Brainware University", "ror": "https://ror.org/021g9h582", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405266301"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Pranashi Chakraborty,", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of CSE-AI , Brainware University , Kolkata , West Bengal , India,"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of CSE-AI , Brainware University , Kolkata , West Bengal , India,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4405266301"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5106852303", "display_name": "Sreelekha Paul", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5524-1919", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5524-1919"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405266301", "display_name": "Brainware University", "ror": "https://ror.org/021g9h582", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4405266301"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sreelekha Paul", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of CSE-Core , Brainware University , Kolkata , West Bengal , India,"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of CSE-Core , Brainware University , Kolkata , West Bengal , India,", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4405266301"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "rapid": [1], "growth": [2], "of": [3, 21, 110, 185], "deep": [4, 52, 186], "neural": [5, 71, 165], "networks": [6, 72], "(DNNs)": [7], "has": [8, 54], "led": [9], "to": [10, 28, 73], "remarkable": [11], "improvements": [12], "in": [13, 44, 134], "accuracy": [14], "and": [15, 40, 48, 66, 85, 91, 103, 119, 141, 155, 163, 182], "scalability": [16], "but": [17], "at": [18], "the": [19, 35, 63, 108, 174, 177], "expense": [20], "high": [22], "energy": [23], "consumption,": [24], "making": [25], "them": [26], "difficult": [27], "deploy": [29], "on": [30, 76, 188], "resource-constrained": [31], "edge": [32, 77, 117, 189], "devices.": [33, 190], "With": [34], "increasing": [36], "demand": [37], "for": [38, 69], "real-time": [39], "privacy-preserving": [41], "AI": [42, 127, 161], "applications": [43], "healthcare,": [45], "autonomous": [46], "systems,": [47], "smart": [49], "cities,": [50], "energy-efficient": [51], "learning": [53, 187], "become": [55], "a": [56], "critical": [57], "research": [58], "frontier.": [59], "This": [60, 147], "paper": [61, 148], "reviews": [62], "historical": [64], "progression": [65], "state-of-the-art": [67], "strategies": [68], "optimizing": [70], "run": [74], "effectively": [75], "hardware.": [78], "Key": [79], "approaches": [80], "include": [81], "model": [82], "compression,": [83], "pruning,": [84], "quantization,": [86], "which": [87], "significantly": [88], "reduce": [89], "storage": [90], "computational": [92], "costs": [93], "while": [94], "maintaining": [95], "accuracy.": [96], "Lightweight": [97], "architectures": [98], "such": [99], "as": [100], "MobileNet,": [101], "ShuffleNet,": [102], "EfficientNet": [104], "have": [105], "further": [106], "enhanced": [107], "feasibility": [109], "on-device": [111], "inference.": [112], "Additionally,": [113], "hardware\u2013software": [114], "co-design,": [115], "federated": [116], "learning,": [118], "neuromorphic": [120], "computing": [121], "provide": [122], "promising": [123], "pathways": [124], "toward": [125, 179], "ultra-low-power": [126], "systems.": [128], "Despite": [129], "these": [130], "advances,": [131], "challenges": [132], "remain": [133], "balancing": [135], "accuracy-efficiency": [136], "trade-offs,": [137], "addressing": [138], "hardware": [139], "heterogeneity,": [140], "ensuring": [142], "robustness": [143], "against": [144], "adversarial": [145], "attacks.": [146], "highlights": [149], "current": [150], "methodologies,": [151], "identifies": [152], "key": [153], "challenges,": [154], "outlines": [156], "future": [157], "directions,": [158], "including": [159], "sustainable": [160], "metrics": [162], "adaptive": [164], "models.": [166], "By": [167], "bridging": [168], "algorithmic": [169], "innovation": [170], "with": [171], "energy-aware": [172], "design,": [173], "study": [175], "emphasizes": [176], "path": [178], "scalable,": [180], "sustainable,": [181], "real-world": [183], "deployment": [184]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9326000213623047, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9326000213623047, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10273", "display_name": "IoT and Edge/Fog Computing", "score": 0.06350000202655792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14098", "display_name": "Energy Efficiency in Computing", "score": 0.000699999975040555, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.64252/yc79fn98", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.64252/yc79fn98", "pdf_url": "https://theaspd.com/index.php/ijes/article/download/8540/6162", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S5406984696", "display_name": "International Journal of Environmental Sciences", "issn_l": "2229-7359", "issn": ["2229-7359"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "International Journal of Environmental Sciences", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4417051724", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2503.23945", "title": "DiffuSE: Cross-Layer Design Space Exploration of DNN Accelerator via Diffusion-Driven Optimization", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-03-31", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Ren, Yi", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ren, Yi", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5104100813", "display_name": "Chenhao Xue", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9721-247X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9721-247X"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xue, Chenhao", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100628333", "display_name": "Jiaxing Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1324-6486", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1324-6486"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhang, Jiaxing", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5048550829", "display_name": "Chen Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-8974", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-8974", "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9072-0244"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhang, Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109301404", "display_name": "Qiang Xu", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xu, Qiang", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5000933188", "display_name": "Yibo Lin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0977-2774", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0977-2774"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lin, Yibo", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100781975", "display_name": "Lining Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1472-7852", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1472-7852", "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5506-0501"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhang, Lining", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5089719475", "display_name": "Guangyu Sun", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7315-6589", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7315-6589"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sun, Guangyu", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "proliferation": [1], "of": [2, 43, 110, 137, 170], "deep": [3], "learning": [4], "accelerators": [5], "calls": [6], "for": [7, 62, 74, 91, 107, 131], "efficient": [8], "and": [9, 19, 31, 48, 66, 78], "cost-effective": [10], "hardware": [11, 17, 64], "design": [12, 21, 57, 83, 103, 139], "solutions,": [13], "where": [14], "parameterized": [15], "modular": [16], "generator": [18, 65], "electronic": [20], "automation": [22], "(EDA)": [23], "tools": [24], "play": [25], "crucial": [26], "roles": [27], "in": [28, 158], "improving": [29], "productivity": [30], "final": [32], "Quality-of-Results": [33], "(QoR).": [34], "To": [35, 94], "strike": [36], "a": [37, 55, 101, 159], "good": [38], "balance": [39], "across": [40], "multiple": [41, 155], "QoR": [42, 125, 146, 156], "interest": [44], "(e.g.,": [45], "performance,": [46], "power,": [47], "area),": [49], "the": [50, 71, 120, 138, 144, 148, 168, 171], "designers": [51], "need": [52], "to": [53, 118, 127, 175], "navigate": [54], "vast": [56], "space,": [58], "encompassing": [59], "tunable": [60], "parameters": [61, 84], "both": [63], "EDA": [67, 75], "synthesis": [68], "tools.": [69], "However,": [70], "significant": [72], "time": [73], "tool": [76], "invocations": [77], "complex": [79], "interplay": [80], "among": [81, 154], "numerous": [82], "make": [85], "this": [86], "task": [87], "extremely": [88], "challenging,": [89], "even": [90], "experienced": [92], "designers.": [93], "address": [95], "these": [96], "challenges,": [97], "we": [98], "introduce": [99], "DiffuSE,": [100], "diffusion-driven": [102], "space": [104], "exploration": [105, 133], "framework": [106, 149, 173], "cross-layer": [108], "optimization": [109], "DNN": [111], "accelerators.": [112], "DiffuSE": [113], "leverages": [114], "conditional": [115], "diffusion": [116], "models": [117], "capture": [119], "inverse,": [121], "one-to-many": [122], "mapping": [123], "from": [124], "objectives": [126], "parameter": [128], "combinations,": [129], "allowing": [130], "targeted": [132], "within": [134], "promising": [135], "regions": [136], "space.": [140], "By": [141], "carefully": [142], "selecting": [143], "conditioning": [145], "values,": [147], "facilitates": [150], "an": [151], "effective": [152], "trade-off": [153], "metrics": [157], "sample-efficient": [160], "manner.": [161], "Experimental": [162], "results": [163], "under": [164], "7nm": [165], "technology": [166], "demonstrate": [167], "superiority": [169], "proposed": [172], "compared": [174], "previous": [176], "arts.": [177]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.7846999764442444, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.7846999764442444, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.09449999779462814, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11522", "display_name": "VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques", "score": 0.0421999990940094, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.23945", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.23945", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.23945", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": "2331-8422", "issn": ["2331-8422"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4413196107", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2025.111886", "title": "Computer vision in warehouse management automation: A survey on implemented methods with prototyping hardware", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-08-09", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5116465374", "display_name": "Chaouki Tadjine", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6110-9956", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6110-9956"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I206961696", "display_name": "University of Biskra", "ror": "https://ror.org/05fr5y859", "country_code": "DZ", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2279609970", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 de Lille", "ror": "https://ror.org/02kzqn938", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210123471", "display_name": "Institut d'Electronique, de Micro\u00e9lectronique et de Nanotechnologie", "ror": "https://ror.org/02q4res37", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I2279609970", "https://openalex.org/I4210095849", "https://openalex.org/I4210116330", "https://openalex.org/I4210123471", "https://openalex.org/I70348806", "https://openalex.org/I7454413"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I70348806", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 Polytechnique Hauts-de-France", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ezch769", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I70348806"]}], "countries": ["DZ", "FR"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Chaouki Tadjine", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Univ. Mohamed Khider Biskra, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, LVSC- Lab. Vision et Syst\u00e8mes de Communication, Biskra 07000, Algeria", "Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8520-IEMN-Institut d\u2019Electronique de Microelectronique et de Nanotechnologie, Valenciennes, F-59313, Hauts-de-France, France"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6110-9956", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Univ. Mohamed Khider Biskra, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, LVSC- Lab. Vision et Syst\u00e8mes de Communication, Biskra 07000, Algeria", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8520-IEMN-Institut d\u2019Electronique de Microelectronique et de Nanotechnologie, Valenciennes, F-59313, Hauts-de-France, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I2279609970", "https://openalex.org/I4210123471", "https://openalex.org/I70348806"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015394599", "display_name": "Abdelkrim Ouafi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6083-1688", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6083-1688"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I206961696", "display_name": "University of Biskra", "ror": "https://ror.org/05fr5y859", "country_code": "DZ", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]}], "countries": ["DZ"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Abdelkrim Ouafi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Univ. Mohamed Khider Biskra, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, LVSC- Lab. Vision et Syst\u00e8mes de Communication, Biskra 07000, Algeria"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Univ. Mohamed Khider Biskra, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, LVSC- Lab. Vision et Syst\u00e8mes de Communication, Biskra 07000, Algeria", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5089464212", "display_name": "Azeddine Benlamoudi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-2154", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-2154"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I114564095", "display_name": "University of Ouargla", "ror": "https://ror.org/05amrd548", "country_code": "DZ", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I114564095"]}], "countries": ["DZ"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Azeddine Benlamoudi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Univ Ouargla, Fac. des nouvelles technologies de l\u2019information et de la communication. Lab. de G\u00e9nie Electrique (LAGE), Ouargla 30000, Algeria"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-2154", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Univ Ouargla, Fac. des nouvelles technologies de l\u2019information et de la communication. Lab. de G\u00e9nie Electrique (LAGE), Ouargla 30000, Algeria", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I114564095"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5106468368", "display_name": "Abdelmalik Taleb\u2010Ahmed", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8750-1905", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8750-1905", "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-3799", "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6034-7290"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "display_name": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "ror": "https://ror.org/02feahw73", "country_code": "FR", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2279609970", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 de Lille", "ror": "https://ror.org/02kzqn938", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210123471", "display_name": "Institut d'Electronique, de Micro\u00e9lectronique et de Nanotechnologie", "ror": "https://ror.org/02q4res37", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I2279609970", "https://openalex.org/I4210095849", "https://openalex.org/I4210116330", "https://openalex.org/I4210123471", "https://openalex.org/I70348806", "https://openalex.org/I7454413"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I70348806", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 Polytechnique Hauts-de-France", "ror": "https://ror.org/02ezch769", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I70348806"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Abdelmalik Taleb-Ahmed", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8520-IEMN-Institut d\u2019Electronique de Microelectronique et de Nanotechnologie, Valenciennes, F-59313, Hauts-de-France, France"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8520-IEMN-Institut d\u2019Electronique de Microelectronique et de Nanotechnologie, Valenciennes, F-59313, Hauts-de-France, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1294671590", "https://openalex.org/I2279609970", "https://openalex.org/I4210123471", "https://openalex.org/I70348806"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9009000062942505, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.9009000062942505, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11814", "display_name": "Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization", "score": 0.039900001138448715, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2209", "display_name": "Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10616", "display_name": "Smart Agriculture and AI", "score": 0.017000000923871994, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1110", "display_name": "Plant Science"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11", "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2025.111886", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2025.111886", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S900972176", "display_name": "Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence", "issn_l": "0952-1976", "issn": ["0952-1976", "1873-6769"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-2", "ki-jl-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Elsevier BV"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 8, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4413939604", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.59573/emsj.9(4).2025.127", "title": "Sequential Logic Optimization using Cycle Time Utilization in Semiconductor Chip Design", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-09-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5109342951", "display_name": "Vidhu Shekhar Bajpai", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210137977", "display_name": "Advanced Micro Devices (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/04kd6c783", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I4210137977"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Vidhu Shekhar Bajpai", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Advanced Micro Devices , USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Advanced Micro Devices , USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210137977"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Modern": [0], "semiconductor": [1], "designs": [2], "are": [3], "severely": [4], "challenged": [5], "by": [6, 56, 94], "the": [7, 131, 155, 169, 195], "uneven": [8], "distribution": [9, 76], "of": [10, 20, 40, 66, 72, 168, 198], "combinational": [11, 34], "logic": [12, 90, 124], "from": [13], "register": [14, 96], "pairs,": [15], "forcing": [16], "an": [17], "iterative": [18], "process": [19], "timing": [21, 112, 118, 139], "convergence": [22, 140], "and": [23, 69, 142, 181, 191], "poor": [24], "power-performance-area": [25], "metrics.": [26], "This": [27], "research": [28], "introduces": [29], "a": [30, 38, 41, 58, 134], "framework": [31], "that": [32, 120], "captures": [33], "cell": [35], "delay": [36], "as": [37], "percentage": [39], "clock": [42], "cycle": [43, 74], "utilization": [44, 75], "across": [45], "all": [46, 186], "register-to-register": [47], "paths": [48], "in": [49, 145], "RTL": [50], "designs.": [51], "Utilization": [52], "is": [53, 171], "calculated": [54], "path-by-path": [55, 67], "combining": [57, 83], "three-stage": [59], "flow": [60, 79, 106], "for": [61, 102, 154, 194], "fast": [62], "compilation,": [63], "separate": [64], "calculation": [65], "utilization,": [68], "easy": [70], "visualization": [71], "overall": [73], "patterns.": [77], "The": [78, 105, 149, 166], "employs": [80], "machine": [81], "learning,": [82], "embedding": [84], "similarity": [85], "to": [86, 115, 157, 188], "match": [87], "semantically": [88], "equivalent": [89], "segments,": [91, 125], "ordering,": [92], "followed": [93], "optimizing": [95], "placement": [97], "while": [98, 162], "maintaining": [99], "setup/hold": [100], "conditions": [101], "required": [103], "flip-flops.": [104], "can": [107], "direct": [108], "engineers": [109], "with": [110], "three": [111], "situation": [113], "categorizations": [114], "employ": [116], "targeted": [117], "solutions": [119], "may": [121], "include": [122], "collapsing": [123], "vector": [126], "flop": [127], "implementation,": [128], "and/or": [129], "restructuring": [130], "design": [132, 164], "into": [133], "pipeline.": [135], "Results": [136], "demonstrate": [137], "improved": [138], "efforts": [141], "inefficient": [143], "buffering": [144], "holding": [146], "violation": [147], "corrections.": [148], "prescriptive": [150], "optimization": [151], "approach": [152], "allows": [153], "potential": [156], "achieve": [158], "higher": [159], "frequency": [160], "operation": [161], "speeding": [163], "closure.": [165], "intention": [167], "implementations": [170], "directed": [172], "towards": [173], "high-performance": [174], "computing,": [175], "including": [176], "GPU": [177], "architectures,": [178], "AI": [179], "accelerators,": [180], "data": [182], "center": [183], "processors,": [184], "which": [185], "serve": [187], "offer": [189], "beneficial": [190], "predictable": [192], "workflows": [193], "complex": [196], "deployment": [197], "system-on-chip": [199], "development.": [200]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11522", "display_name": "VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques", "score": 0.7973999977111816, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T11522", "display_name": "VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques", "score": 0.7973999977111816, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.16660000383853912, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.026900000870227814, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.59573/emsj.9(4).2025.127", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.59573/emsj.9(4).2025.127", "pdf_url": "https://lorojournals.com/index.php/emsj/article/download/1569/1522", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4387290326", "display_name": "European Modern Studies Journal", "issn_l": "2522-9400", "issn": ["2522-9400"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "European Modern Studies Journal", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7218187041", "doi": null, "title": "A Review of Golden Days of Deep Learning Process", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-25", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5155579260", "display_name": "K Jyothi", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170558118", "display_name": "Sri Venkateswara University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05weahn72", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170558118"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jyothi, K", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Master of Computer Applications, RIIMS , S V  University, Tirupati, India"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Master of Computer Applications, RIIMS , S V  University, Tirupati, India", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170558118"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5156083515", "display_name": "K Sunitha", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170558118", "display_name": "Sri Venkateswara University", "ror": "https://ror.org/05weahn72", "country_code": "IN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170558118"]}], "countries": ["IN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sunitha, K", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Master of Computer Applications, RIIMS , S V  University, Tirupati, India"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Master of Computer Applications, RIIMS , S V  University, Tirupati, India", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170558118"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 63], "finish": [1, 11], "of": [2, 12, 39, 139], "Moore\u2019s": [3, 111], "law": [4, 112], "and": [5, 24, 46, 50, 85, 124, 146], "Dennard": [6], "scaling": [7], "has": [8, 37], "prompted": [9], "the": [10, 56, 103, 131, 137, 152, 159], "fast": [13], "enhancement": [14], "all": [15, 17], "in": [16], "reason": [18], "program": [19], "execution.": [20], "Machine": [21], "learning": [22, 27], "(ML),": [23], "specifically": [25], "profound": [26], "is": [28, 68, 76, 119], "an": [29], "appealing": [30], "option": [31], "for": [32, 94, 107], "designers": [33], "to": [34, 53, 80, 82, 88, 129, 135, 148, 155, 158], "investigate.": [35], "It": [36], "as": [38, 117], "late": [40], "altered": [41], "vision,": [42], "discourse,": [43], "dialect": [44], "understanding,": [45], "numerous": [47, 83], "different": [48], "fields,": [49], "it": [51, 118], "guarantees": [52], "help": [54], "with": [55], "fabulous": [57], "difficulties": [58], "confronting": [59], "our": [60], "general": [61], "public.": [62], "calculation": [64], "at": [65, 113], "its": [66, 114], "center": [67], "low-accuracy": [69], "straight": [70], "variable": [71], "based": [72], "math.": [73], "Accordingly,": [74], "ML": [75, 108, 122, 160], "both": [77], "sufficiently": [78, 86], "wide": [79], "apply": [81], "areas": [84], "tight": [87], "profit": [89], "by": [90], "space": [91], "explicit": [92], "models,": [93], "example,": [95], "Googles": [96], "Tensor": [97], "Processing": [98], "Unit": [99], "(TPU).": [100], "In": [101], "addition,": [102], "development": [104], "sought": [105], "after": [106], "registering": [109, 132], "surpasses": [110], "pinnacle,": [115], "similarly": [116], "blurring.": [120], "Consequently,": [121], "specialists": [123], "PC": [125, 149], "modelers": [126], "must": [127], "cooperate": [128], "plan": [130], "frameworks": [133], "required": [134], "convey": [136], "capability": [138], "ML.": [140], "This": [141], "article": [142], "offers": [143], "inspiration,": [144], "proposals,": [145], "alerts": [147], "draftsmen": [150], "on": [151], "best": [153, 156], "way": [154], "add": [157], "insurgency.": [161]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.8300999999046326, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.8300999999046326, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.05689999833703041, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13904", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence Applications", "score": 0.03009999915957451, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:oai.ijcseonline.org:article/4900", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://ijcseonline.org/index.php/j/article/view/4900", "pdf_url": "https://ijcseonline.org/index.php/j/article/download/4900/4891", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210169770", "display_name": "International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering", "issn_l": "2347-2693", "issn": ["2347-2693"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4323862652", "host_organization_name": "ISROSET", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4323862652"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["ISROSET"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "2347-2693", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4413124244", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.54521/ijita32-03-p04", "title": "Intelligent Edge in Computer Engineering", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-08-08", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5033529335", "display_name": "Volodymyr Romanov", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-8756", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-8756"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I149851306", "display_name": "National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine", "ror": "https://ror.org/00je4t102", "country_code": "UA", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149851306"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210156878", "display_name": "V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/05xmg2z40", "country_code": "UA", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149851306", "https://openalex.org/I4210156878"]}], "countries": ["UA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Volodymyr Romanov", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Head of department of V.M.Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of engineering sciences, professor; Prospect Akademika Glushkova 40, Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Head of department of V.M.Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of engineering sciences, professor; Prospect Akademika Glushkova 40, Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I149851306", "https://openalex.org/I4210156878"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5057264586", "display_name": "Anna Kedych", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1784-4296", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1784-4296"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I149851306", "display_name": "National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine", "ror": "https://ror.org/00je4t102", "country_code": "UA", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149851306"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210156878", "display_name": "V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/05xmg2z40", "country_code": "UA", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149851306", "https://openalex.org/I4210156878"]}], "countries": ["UA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Anna Kedych", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Research fellow of V.M.Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Prospect Akademika Glushkova 40, Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Research fellow of V.M.Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Prospect Akademika Glushkova 40, Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I149851306", "https://openalex.org/I4210156878"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5119274656", "display_name": "Natalia Kedych", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I149851306", "display_name": "National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine", "ror": "https://ror.org/00je4t102", "country_code": "UA", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149851306"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I189238007", "display_name": "Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv", "ror": "https://ror.org/02aaqv166", "country_code": "UA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I189238007"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210156878", "display_name": "V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics", "ror": "https://ror.org/05xmg2z40", "country_code": "UA", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I149851306", "https://openalex.org/I4210156878"]}], "countries": ["UA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Natalia Kedych", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Student of Shevchenko National University; Technician of V.M.Glushkov` Institute of Cybernetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Prospect Akademika Glushkova 40, Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Student of Shevchenko National University; Technician of V.M.Glushkov` Institute of Cybernetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Prospect Akademika Glushkova 40, Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I149851306", "https://openalex.org/I189238007", "https://openalex.org/I4210156878"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Until": [0], "recently,": [1], "artificial": [2, 51, 68], "intelligence": [3, 52, 69], "tools": [4, 70], "required": [5], "significant": [6], "energy": [7], "consumption": [8], "and": [9, 32, 44, 72, 88, 99], "expensive": [10], "complex": [11], "equipment": [12], "such": [13, 27, 97], "as": [14, 28], "remote": [15], "servers": [16], "or": [17], "clouds.": [18], "Now,": [19], "with": [20], "the": [21, 29, 74], "appearance": [22], "of": [23, 96], "Intelligent": [24], "Edge": [25], "microcontrollers,": [26], "MAX7800x": [30], "family": [31], "etc.,": [33], "which": [34], "contain": [35], "a": [36, 57], "special": [37], "convolution": [38], "neural": [39], "network": [40], "accelerators,": [41], "computer": [42], "devices": [43, 98], "means": [45, 100], "for": [46, 56, 76], "various": [47], "purposes": [48], "can": [49], "solve": [50], "tasks,": [53], "while": [54], "working": [55], "long": [58], "time": [59], "from": [60], "an": [61], "autonomous": [62], "power": [63], "supply.": [64], "All": [65], "this": [66, 104], "makes": [67], "available": [71], "expands": [73], "possibilities": [75], "creating": [77], "new": [78], "efficient": [79], "applications": [80], "that": [81], "were": [82, 89], "previously": [83], "built": [84], "on": [85], "powerful": [86], "computers": [87], "limited": [90], "in": [91, 103], "widespread": [92], "use.": [93], "The": [94], "advantages": [95], "are": [101], "considered": [102], "article.": [105]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10273", "display_name": "IoT and Edge/Fog Computing", "score": 0.9506999850273132, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10273", "display_name": "IoT and Edge/Fog Computing", "score": 0.9506999850273132, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1705", "display_name": "Computer Networks and Communications"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.027899999171495438, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13038", "display_name": "Internet of Things and AI", "score": 0.007000000216066837, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1710", "display_name": "Information Systems"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.54521/ijita32-03-p04", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.54521/ijita32-03-p04", "pdf_url": "http://www.foibg.com/ijita/vol32/ijita32-03-p04.pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4390297013", "display_name": "Information Theories and Applications", "issn_l": "1310-0513", "issn": ["1310-0513", "1313-0463"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": ["jufo-1"], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Information Theories and Applications", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4408170265", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061064", "title": "Research on Approximate Computation of Signal Processing Algorithms for AIoT Processors Based on Deep Learning", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-03-07", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078704875", "display_name": "Yingzhe Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-1111", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-1111"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I176808543", "display_name": "Liaoning Technical University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01n2bd587", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yingzhe Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125001, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125001, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101665635", "display_name": "Fangfa Fu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4004-8888", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4004-8888"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204983213", "display_name": "Harbin Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yqg2h08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Fangfa Fu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Xuejian Sun", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7781-5371", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7781-5371"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I204983213", "display_name": "Harbin Institute of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yqg2h08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xuejian Sun", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7781-5371", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"In": [0, 38], "the": [1, 4, 13, 30, 43, 65, 74, 96, 100, 106, 110, 114, 121, 125, 129, 141], "post-Moore": [2], "era,": [3], "excessive": [5], "amount": [6], "of": [7, 15, 45, 49, 76, 99, 124], "information": [8], "brings": [9], "great": [10], "challenges": [11], "to": [12, 63, 136], "performance": [14, 32], "computing": [16], "systems.": [17], "To": [18, 104], "cope": [19], "with": [20, 33], "these": [21], "challenges,": [22], "approximate": [23, 54, 70, 126, 142], "computation": [24, 127, 143], "has": [25], "developed": [26], "rapidly,": [27], "which": [28, 72], "enhances": [29], "system": [31], "minor": [34], "degradation": [35], "in": [36, 152], "accuracy.": [37], "this": [39, 85], "paper,": [40], "we": [41, 57, 87, 108], "investigate": [42], "utilization": [44], "an": [46], "Artificial": [47], "Intelligence": [48], "Things": [50], "(AIoT)": [51], "processor": [52], "for": [53, 69], "computing.": [55], "Firstly,": [56], "employed": [58], "neural": [59, 66, 92], "architecture": [60], "search": [61], "(NAS)": [62], "acquire": [64], "network": [67, 93], "structure": [68], "computation,": [71], "approximates": [73], "functions": [75, 112], "FFT,": [77], "DCT,": [78], "FIR,": [79], "and": [80, 89], "IIR.": [81], "Subsequently,": [82], "based": [83, 144], "on": [84, 95, 128, 145], "structure,": [86], "quantized": [88], "trained": [90], "a": [91], "implemented": [94, 109], "AI": [97, 130], "accelerator": [98, 131], "MAX78000": [101], "development": [102], "board.": [103], "evaluate": [105], "performance,": [107], "same": [111], "using": [113], "CMSIS-DSP": [115], "library.": [116], "The": [117], "results": [118], "demonstrate": [119], "that": [120], "computational": [122], "efficiency": [123], "is": [132], "significantly": [133], "higher": [134], "compared": [135], "traditional": [137], "DSP": [138], "implementations.": [139], "Therefore,": [140], "AIoT": [146], "devices": [147], "can": [148], "be": [149], "effectively": [150], "utilized": [151], "real-time": [153], "applications.": [154]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.5259000062942505, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.5259000062942505, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.2272000014781952, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.07129999995231628, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3390/electronics14061064", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061064", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210202905", "display_name": "Electronics", "issn_l": "2079-9292", "issn": ["2079-9292"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310310987", "host_organization_name": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Electronics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7166436797", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.71856/impcs.2026.1214722", "title": "A Novel Method for Compressing Sparse Matrices with Any Sparseness Rate and Minimal Overhead in Deep Neural Network Accelerators", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-04-04", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5139518678", "display_name": "Erfan  Lankarani", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I110525433", "display_name": "Islamic Azad University, Tehran", "ror": "https://ror.org/01kzn7k21", "country_code": "IR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]}], "countries": ["IR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Erfan  Lankarani", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Ms. Student, Department of Computer Engineering, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran,Iran"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Ms. Student, Department of Computer Engineering, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran,Iran", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I110525433"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020322905", "display_name": "Akram Reza", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-2734", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-2734"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210116438", "display_name": "Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch", "ror": "https://ror.org/022ca9x91", "country_code": "IR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I110525433", "https://openalex.org/I4210116438"]}], "countries": ["IR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Akram Reza", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of computer Engineering, ShQ. C, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Qods Iran"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-2734", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of computer Engineering, ShQ. C, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Qods Iran", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210116438"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Deep": [0], "Neural": [1], "Networks": [2], "(DNNs)": [3], "underpin": [4], "a": [5, 183], "wide": [6], "range": [7], "of": [8, 158, 215], "modern": [9], "artificial\u2011intelligence": [10], "applications,": [11], "including": [12], "image": [13], "analysis,": [14], "language": [15], "understanding,": [16], "and": [17, 28, 37, 59, 98, 133, 160, 189, 208, 240], "acoustic": [18], "modeling.": [19], "Despite": [20], "their": [21], "effectiveness,": [22], "these": [23, 46], "models": [24], "remain": [25], "computationally": [26], "demanding": [27], "memory\u2011intensive,": [29], "posing": [30], "substantial": [31], "challenges": [32], "when": [33, 114], "deployed": [34], "on": [35], "compact": [36], "energy\u2011constrained": [38], "systems": [39], "such": [40], "as": [41], "edge": [42], "devices.": [43], "To": [44], "address": [45], "constraints,": [47], "researchers": [48], "have": [49], "turned": [50], "to": [51, 64, 92, 119, 140, 147, 162, 191], "model\u2011compression": [52], "approaches": [53], "most": [54], "notably": [55], "weight": [56, 85], "pruning,": [57], "quantization,": [58], "knowledge": [60], "distillation": [61], "which": [62], "aim": [63], "reduce": [65], "redundancy": [66], "without": [67], "compromising": [68], "network": [69], "accuracy.": [70], "Among": [71], "these,": [72], "pruning": [73], "is": [74, 116, 201, 210, 222], "particularly": [75], "effective": [76, 113], "in": [77, 96, 186, 238], "eliminating": [78], "unnecessary": [79], "connections;": [80], "however,": [81], "it": [82], "produces": [83], "sparse": [84], "matrices": [86], "that": [87, 142, 199, 232], "must": [88], "be": [89, 197, 234], "stored": [90], "efficiently": [91], "realize": [93], "actual": [94], "savings": [95], "memory": [97], "execution": [99], "time.": [100], "Conventional": [101], "sparse\u2011matrix": [102], "compression": [103, 121, 156, 187], "schemes": [104, 128], "perform": [105], "well": [106], "under": [107], "high": [108], "sparsity": [109, 115], "but": [110], "become": [111], "less": [112], "moderate,": [117], "owing": [118], "increased": [120], "overhead.": [122, 143], "This": [123], "work": [124], "introduces": [125], "two": [126], "lightweight": [127], "Row\u2011based": [129], "Compression": [130], "Encoding": [131, 136], "(RCE)": [132], "Distance\u2011based": [134], "Differential": [135], "(DDE)": [137], "explicitly": [138], "designed": [139], "minimize": [141], "RCE": [144, 200], "compresses": [145], "according": [146], "non\u2011zero": [148, 180], "element": [149], "counts": [150], "per": [151], "row,": [152], "achieving": [153], "an": [154], "average": [155], "rate": [157, 188], "0.07%": [159], "up": [161, 190], "11\u00d7": [163], "faster": [164, 193], "performance": [165], "than": [166, 206], "the": [167, 220, 225], "standard": [168], "Compressed": [169], "Sparse": [170], "Row": [171], "(CSR)": [172], "method.": [173], "DDE": [174, 209], "encodes": [175], "positional": [176], "distances": [177], "between": [178], "consecutive": [179], "values,": [181], "yielding": [182], "2.5%": [184], "improvement": [185], "15.31%": [192], "execution.": [194], "It": [195], "should": [196], "noted": [198], "efficient": [202, 211], "for": [203, 212, 236], "dispersion": [204], "greater": [205], "50%,": [207], "any": [213], "percentage": [214], "dispersion.": [216], "For": [217], "dense": [218], "data,": [219], "overhead": [221], "2.": [223], "Together,": [224], "proposed": [226], "methods": [227], "offer": [228], "compact,": [229], "high\u2011efficiency": [230], "solutions": [231], "could": [233], "suitable": [235], "deployment": [237], "GPU": [239], "embedded": [241], "DNN": [242], "accelerators.": [243]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.6265000104904175, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.6265000104904175, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.3156999945640564, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10500", "display_name": "Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques", "score": 0.0052999998442828655, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2206", "display_name": "Computational Mechanics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.71856/impcs.2026.1214722", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.71856/impcs.2026.1214722", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S7407052538", "display_name": "Intelligent Multimedia Processing and Communication Systems (IMPCS)   \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f", "issn_l": "2783-2570", "issn": ["2783-2570"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "JournalArticle"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4415579961", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-025-01476-1", "title": "The development of carbon-neutral data centres in space", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-27", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Ablimit Aili", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7932-6481", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7932-6481"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I172675005", "display_name": "Nanyang Technological University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e7b5302", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I76130692", "display_name": "Zhejiang University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00a2xv884", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}], "countries": ["CN", "SG"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Ablimit Aili", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore", "Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7932-6481", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110426157", "display_name": "Jihwan Choi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5214-0244", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5214-0244", "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0261-0725"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I157485424", "display_name": "Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05apxxy63", "country_code": "KR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}], "countries": ["KR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jihwan Choi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Daejeon, South Korea", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068243197", "display_name": "Yew-Soon Ong", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-169X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-169X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I115228651", "display_name": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research", "ror": "https://ror.org/036wvzt09", "country_code": "SG", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I172675005", "display_name": "Nanyang Technological University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e7b5302", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I3004594783", "display_name": "Institute of High Performance Computing", "ror": "https://ror.org/02n0ejh50", "country_code": "SG", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651", "https://openalex.org/I3004594783", "https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yew Soon Ong", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Centre for Frontier AI Research, Institute of High-Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore", "College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-169X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Centre for Frontier AI Research, Institute of High-Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I115228651", "https://openalex.org/I3004594783"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041572550", "display_name": "Yonggang Wen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2751-5114", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2751-5114"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I172675005", "display_name": "Nanyang Technological University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02e7b5302", "country_code": "SG", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}], "countries": ["SG"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yonggang Wen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2751-5114", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12238", "display_name": "Green IT and Sustainability", "score": 0.4961000084877014, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12238", "display_name": "Green IT and Sustainability", "score": 0.4961000084877014, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12717", "display_name": "Space exploration and regulation", "score": 0.13429999351501465, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3103", "display_name": "Astronomy and Astrophysics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12042", "display_name": "Satellite Communication Systems", "score": 0.09529999643564224, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2202", "display_name": "Aerospace Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s41928-025-01476-1", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-025-01476-1", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210239724", "display_name": "Nature Electronics", "issn_l": "2520-1131", "issn": ["2520-1131"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-3", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Electronics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 7, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4414321864", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3608498", "title": "Cactus: A Multicore Spiking Neural Network Accelerator With Fine-Grained Structured Weight Sparsity", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-09-18", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056965591", "display_name": "Zilin Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0281-7879", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0281-7879"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zilin Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0281-7879", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113321966", "display_name": "Zehong Ou", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zehong Ou", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100758352", "display_name": "Yi Zhong", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2119-0451", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2119-0451", "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4229-5731"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yi Zhong", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2119-0451", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002438548", "display_name": "Yuan Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4951-4286", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4951-4286", "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6080-0970"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20231570", "display_name": "Peking University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02v51f717", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yuan Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4951-4286", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Spiking": [0], "neural": [1, 11], "networks": [2, 12], "(SNNs)": [3], "are": [4], "a": [5, 54, 59, 67, 78], "promising": [6], "alternative": [7], "to": [8, 15, 23, 34, 48], "traditional": [9], "artificial": [10], "(ANNs)": [13], "due": [14], "their": [16], "biologically": [17], "inspired": [18], "and": [19, 44, 69, 89, 134, 142], "event-driven": [20], "characteristics.": [21], "Similar": [22], "ANN,": [24], "the": [25, 39, 103], "weights": [26], "in": [27, 42, 87], "SNN": [28, 43, 61], "also": [29], "exhibit": [30], "significant": [31], "sparsity.": [32, 145], "How": [33], "make": [35], "full": [36], "use": [37], "of": [38], "weight": [40, 140], "sparsity": [41, 141], "coordinate": [45], "hardware": [46], "design": [47], "optimize": [49], "resource": [50], "utilization": [51], "has": [52], "become": [53], "challenge.": [55], "In": [56], "this": [57], "brief,": [58], "multicore": [60], "accelerator": [62], "named": [63], "Cactus,": [64], "based": [65], "on": [66, 116], "fine-grained": [68], "programmable": [70], "structured": [71], "pruning": [72, 81], "strategy": [73], "is": [74, 77], "proposed.": [75], "It": [76], "balanced": [79], "block": [80, 104], "strategy,": [82], "which": [83], "achieves": [84], "high": [85, 95], "accuracy": [86], "image": [88], "speech": [90], "classification": [91], "tasks": [92], "while": [93], "ensuring": [94], "processing": [96], "elements": [97], "(PEs)": [98], "utilization.": [99], "To": [100], "increase": [101], "flexibility,": [102], "size": [105], "can": [106, 124], "be": [107], "configured": [108], "as$8\\times": [109], "8$,$16\\times": [110], "16$,$32\\times": [111], "32$,$64\\times": [112], "64$in": [113], "Cactus.": [114], "Implemented": [115], "Xilinx": [117], "Kintex": [118], "UltraScale": [119], "XCKU115": [120], "FPGA": [121], "board,": [122], "Cactus": [123], "operate": [125], "at": [126, 138], "200": [127], "MHz": [128], "frequency,": [129], "achieving": [130], "198.59GSOP/s": [131], "peak": [132], "performance": [133], "56.47GSOP/W": [135], "energy": [136], "efficiency": [137], "75%": [139], "0%": [143], "spike": [144]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.8842999935150146, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.8842999935150146, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.054499998688697815, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.014499999582767487, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3608498", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3608498", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S37538908", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems", "issn_l": "1063-8210", "issn": ["1063-8210", "1557-9999"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-2", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 2, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7108690922", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17817695", "title": "Architecting for Tera-OPS Per Watt: Next-Generation Neural Networks for Sustainable and Ubiquitous AI", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-04", "type": "article", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Revista, Zen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Revista, Zen", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008", "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "IA, 10", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "IA, 10", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-2008", "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 127], "explosive": [1], "growth": [2], "of": [3, 45, 63, 166, 187], "Artificial": [4], "Intelligence": [5], "(AI)": [6], "has": [7], "led": [8], "to": [9, 18, 56, 137, 152, 172], "unparalleled": [10], "advancements": [11], "across": [12, 183], "various": [13], "domains,": [14], "from": [15, 134], "computer": [16], "vision": [17], "natural": [19], "language": [20], "processing.": [21], "However,": [22], "this": [23, 169], "progress": [24], "is": [25], "accompanied": [26], "by": [27], "a": [28, 39, 53, 85, 97, 173, 184], "burgeoning": [29], "energy": [30, 50, 146, 167], "footprint,": [31], "with": [32, 156], "data": [33], "centers": [34], "and": [35, 41, 60, 92, 118, 148, 159, 181, 189, 197], "AI": [36, 177], "workloads": [37], "consuming": [38], "significant": [40], "rapidly": [42], "increasing": [43], "share": [44], "global": [46], "electricity.": [47], "This": [48, 70], "escalating": [49], "demand": [51], "poses": [52], "substantial": [54], "challenge": [55], "the": [57, 142, 164], "long-term": [58], "sustainability": [59], "ubiquitous": [61, 93], "deployment": [62, 160], "AI,": [64], "particularly": [65], "in": [66, 81], "resource-constrained": [67], "edge": [68], "environments.": [69], "paper": [71], "investigates": [72], "architectural": [73], "paradigms": [74], "for": [75, 88, 131], "achieving": [76], "Tera-Operations": [77], "Per": [78], "Watt": [79], "(Tera-OPS/W)": [80], "next-generation": [82], "neural": [83, 104], "networks,": [84], "critical": [86], "metric": [87], "enabling": [89], "truly": [90], "sustainable": [91], "AI.": [94], "We": [95, 140], "explore": [96], "holistic": [98], "hardware-software": [99], "co-design": [100], "approach,": [101], "encompassing": [102], "novel": [103], "network": [105], "architectures": [106], "(e.g.,": [107, 115, 122], "sparse,": [108], "binarized,": [109], "neuromorphic),": [110], "advanced": [111], "model": [112, 157], "compression": [113], "techniques": [114], "quantization,": [116], "pruning),": [117], "specialized": [119], "hardware": [120], "accelerators": [121], "ASICs,": [123], "FPGAs,": [124], "in-memory": [125], "computing).": [126], "methodology": [128], "outlines": [129], "strategies": [130], "energy-aware": [132], "design,": [133], "algorithmic": [135], "optimization": [136], "custom": [138], "silicon.": [139], "discuss": [141], "expected": [143], "performance": [144], "gains,": [145], "savings,": [147], "crucial": [149], "trade-offs,": [150], "aiming": [151], "balance": [153], "computational": [154], "efficiency": [155], "accuracy": [158], "flexibility.": [161], "By": [162], "pushing": [163], "boundaries": [165], "efficiency,": [168], "research": [170], "contributes": [171], "future": [174], "where": [175], "sophisticated": [176], "can": [178], "operate": [179], "autonomously": [180], "sustainably": [182], "vast": [185], "array": [186], "devices": [188], "applications,": [190], "minimizing": [191], "environmental": [192], "impact": [193], "while": [194], "maximizing": [195], "accessibility": [196], "utility.": [198]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.8554999828338623, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.8554999828338623, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T14098", "display_name": "Energy Efficiency in Computing", "score": 0.03880000114440918, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12238", "display_name": "Green IT and Sustainability", "score": 0.035999998450279236, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5281/zenodo.17817695", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17817695", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562", "display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "JournalArticle"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4410036622", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16050549", "title": "HE-BiDet: A Hardware Efficient Binary Neural Network Accelerator for Object Detection in SAR Images", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-04-30", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101567697", "display_name": "Dezheng Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-338X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-338X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21193070", "display_name": "Beijing Jiaotong University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yj56c84", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Dezheng Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing 100044, China", "Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-338X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing 100044, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Zehan Liang", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21193070", "display_name": "Beijing Jiaotong University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yj56c84", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zehan Liang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing 100044, China", "Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing 100044, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5079941819", "display_name": "Rui Cen", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21193070", "display_name": "Beijing Jiaotong University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yj56c84", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Rui Cen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing 100044, China", "Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing 100044, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Zhihong Yan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9604-0543", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9604-0543"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21193070", "display_name": "Beijing Jiaotong University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yj56c84", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhihong Yan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing 100044, China", "Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9604-0543", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing 100044, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100300966", "display_name": "Rui Wan", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2606-0334", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2606-0334", "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6410-7075"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21193070", "display_name": "Beijing Jiaotong University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yj56c84", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Rui Wan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing 100044, China", "Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2606-0334", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing 100044, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101589049", "display_name": "Dong Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-8824", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-8824"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I21193070", "display_name": "Beijing Jiaotong University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01yj56c84", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Dong Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing 100044, China", "Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-8824", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology, Beijing 100044, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Convolutional": [0], "Neural": [1, 35], "Network": [2, 36], "(CNN)-based": [3], "Synthetic": [4], "Aperture": [5], "Radar": [6], "(SAR)": [7], "target": [8], "detection": [9, 50], "eliminates": [10], "manual": [11], "feature": [12], "engineering": [13], "and": [14, 62, 91, 103, 110], "improves": [15], "robustness": [16], "but": [17], "suffers": [18], "from": [19], "high": [20], "computational": [21], "costs,": [22], "hindering": [23], "on-satellite": [24], "deployment.": [25, 130], "To": [26, 76], "address": [27], "this,": [28], "we": [29, 44, 53, 79], "propose": [30], "HE-BiDet,": [31], "an": [32, 46, 63], "ultra-lightweight": [33, 47], "Binary": [34], "(BNN)": [37], "framework": [38], "co-designed": [39], "with": [40, 67], "hardware": [41], "acceleration.": [42], "First,": [43], "develop": [45], "SAR": [48], "ship": [49], "model.": [51], "Second,": [52], "design": [54], "a": [55, 81, 92, 116], "BNN": [56], "accelerator": [57], "leveraging": [58], "four-directions": [59], "of": [60], "parallelism": [61], "on-chip": [64], "data": [65], "buffer": [66], "optimized": [68], "addressing": [69], "to": [70, 85], "feed": [71], "the": [72, 120], "computing": [73], "array": [74], "efficiently.": [75], "accelerate": [77], "post-processing,": [78], "introduce": [80], "hardware-based": [82], "threshold": [83], "filter": [84], "eliminate": [86], "redundant": [87], "anchor": [88], "boxes": [89], "early": [90], "dedicated": [93], "Non-Maximum": [94], "Suppression": [95], "(NMS)": [96], "unit.": [97], "Evaluated": [98], "on": [99, 115], "SAR-Ship,": [100], "AirSAR-Ship": [101], "2.0,": [102], "SSDD,": [104], "our": [105], "model": [106], "achieves": [107, 122], "91.3%,": [108], "71.0%,": [109], "92.7%": [111], "accuracy,": [112], "respectively.": [113], "Implemented": [114], "Xilinx": [117], "Virtex-XC7VX690T": [118], "FPGA,": [119], "system": [121], "189.3": [123], "FPS,": [124], "demonstrating": [125], "real-time": [126], "capability": [127], "for": [128], "spaceborne": [129]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.98580002784729, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.98580002784729, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11038", "display_name": "Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques", "score": 0.008700000122189522, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2202", "display_name": "Aerospace Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.0015999999595806003, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3390/mi16050549", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16050549", "pdf_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/5/549/pdf?version=1746021576", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S96702057", "display_name": "Micromachines", "issn_l": "2072-666X", "issn": ["2072-666X"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "doaj", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310310987", "host_organization_name": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Micromachines", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4415028150", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3769859", "title": "C-CIM: A Multi-Mode C onvolution-Capable SRAM- CIM", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-10", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Renyu Yang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5632-2600", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5632-2600"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Renyu Yang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5632-2600", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5010516306", "display_name": "\u65b0\u592a\u90ce \u4e2d\u5c45", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0875-196X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0875-196X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xin Ju", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0875-196X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101937502", "display_name": "Mei Wen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5875-3297", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5875-3297"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mei Wen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5875-3297", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037117864", "display_name": "J. Deng", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9896-8862", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9896-8862"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jinjin Deng", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9896-8862", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113323864", "display_name": "Yi Wen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1772-4883", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1772-4883", "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9562-3512"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yi Wen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1772-4883", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037428152", "display_name": "Junzhong Shen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6233-6800", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6233-6800"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Junzhong Shen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6233-6800", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Bin Liang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7592-5484", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7592-5484"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I170215575", "display_name": "National University of Defense Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/05d2yfz11", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bin Liang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7592-5484", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100417430", "display_name": "Tianyu Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8345-3608", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8345-3608"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I180726961", "display_name": "Shenzhen University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01vy4gh70", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tianyu Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Shenzhen University"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8345-3608", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Shenzhen University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032600760", "display_name": "Zhaoyan Shen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9526-6634", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9526-6634", "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-8894"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I154099455", "display_name": "Shandong University", "ror": "https://ror.org/0207yh398", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhaoyan Shen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9526-6634", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101639532", "display_name": "Zili Shao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2173-2847", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2173-2847"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I177725633", "display_name": "Chinese University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/00t33hh48", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}], "countries": ["HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zili Shao", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2173-2847", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"SRAM": [0], "is": [1, 28], "widely": [2], "used": [3], "in": [4, 133, 149], "computing-in-memory": [5], "(CIM)": [6], "neural": [7, 60], "network": [8, 61], "accelerators": [9], "because": [10, 32], "of": [11, 33, 54, 69, 116, 121, 135], "its": [12, 34], "relatively": [13], "mature": [14], "technology": [15], "and": [16, 36, 87, 90, 108, 144], "good": [17], "compatibility": [18], "with": [19, 99], "complementary": [20], "metal": [21], "oxide": [22], "semiconductor": [23], "logic": [24], "process.": [25], "Digital": [26], "SRAM-CIM": [27, 42, 129], "favored": [29], "by": [30], "researchers": [31], "stability": [35], "accuracy.": [37], "However,": [38], "the": [39, 46, 51, 67], "current": [40], "digital": [41], "macro": [43], "only": [44], "supports": [45], "weight-stationary": [47, 88], "dataflows,": [48], "which": [49, 82], "means": [50], "repeated": [52], "movement": [53], "graph": [55], "data.": [56], "Some": [57], "special": [58], "deep": [59], "layers,": [62], "such": [63], "as": [64, 94, 96], "depth-wise,": [65], "make": [66], "utilization": [68], "computing": [70], "resources": [71], "inside": [72], "CIM": [73], "low.": [74], "To": [75], "overcome": [76], "these": [77], "problems,": [78], "we": [79], "propose": [80], "C-CIM,": [81], "can": [83], "switch": [84], "between": [85], "input-stationary": [86], "dataflows": [89], "support": [91], "matrix": [92], "multiplication": [93], "well": [95], "convolution": [97, 102], "operations": [98], "multiple": [100], "mainstream": [101], "kernel": [103], "sizes": [104], "(1\u00d71,": [105], "3\u00d73,": [106], "5\u00d75": [107], "7\u00d77).": [109], "The": [110], "C-CIM": [111], "achieves": [112], "an": [113], "average": [114], "performance": [115, 136, 142], "27.31TOPS/W@8b": [117], "at": [118], "a": [119], "frequency": [120], "1GHz.": [122], "Experimental": [123], "results": [124], "show": [125], "that": [126], "our": [127], "proposed": [128], "successfully": [130], "outperforms": [131], "baseline": [132], "terms": [134], "optimization,": [137], "achieving": [138], "up": [139, 145], "to": [140, 146], "7.6\u00d7": [141], "speedup": [143], "86.84%": [147], "reduction": [148], "activation": [150], "relocation.": [151]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9653000235557556, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9653000235557556, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.012199999764561653, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.006599999964237213, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1145/3769859", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3769859", "pdf_url": "https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3769859", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S105046310", "display_name": "ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems", "issn_l": "1084-4309", "issn": ["1084-4309", "1557-7309"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319798", "host_organization_name": "Association for Computing Machinery", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association for Computing Machinery"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4408685170", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1360/ssi-2024-0351", "title": "FPGA Overlay processor for AI computing", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-03-21", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5008695429", "display_name": "Lei He", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5266-3805", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5266-3805"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lei HE", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5015932760", "display_name": "Kun Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7288-1789", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7288-1789"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kun WANG", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100707376", "display_name": "Chen Wu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6709-9496", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6709-9496"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Chen WU", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005340074", "display_name": "Zhuofu Tao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0951-1811", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0951-1811"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhuofu TAO", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Xiao SHI", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiao SHI", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5107092427", "display_name": "Siyuan Miao", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3813-141X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3813-141X"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Siyuan MIAO", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101262539", "display_name": "Shaoqiang Lu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8624-8666", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8624-8666"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Shaoqiang LU", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Currently,": [0], "the": [1, 111, 131, 142, 153, 156, 166, 177, 211, 233, 238, 248, 266, 270, 282, 295], "computational": [2, 71], "complexity": [3], "and": [4, 33, 67, 98, 148, 162, 180, 188, 205, 227, 242, 253, 278, 285, 300], "update": [5], "speed": [6], "of": [7, 38, 51, 88, 110, 146, 150, 169, 183, 197, 201, 222, 224, 237, 247, 261, 273, 288, 297], "neural": [8, 18, 25, 40, 52, 121, 185], "networks": [9, 19, 26, 53], "are": [10, 35], "experiencing": [11], "an": [12, 104, 117, 244], "explosive": [13], "growth": [14], "trend.To": [15], "efficiently": [16], "use": [17], "on": [20, 141], "devices,": [21], "technologies": [22], "that": [23, 84], "accelerate": [24], "have": [27, 60], "gained": [28], "attention": [29], "from": [30, 152, 165], "both": [31], "academia": [32], "industry.There": [34], "two": [36, 195], "categories": [37], "main": [39], "network": [41, 89, 186], "accelerators.": [42], "The": [43], "first": [44, 115, 175], "is": [45, 103, 136, 158], "typically": [46], "customized": [47, 184], "for": [48, 120, 128, 160, 258, 302], "specific": [49], "types": [50, 196], "to": [54, 138, 281], "enhance": [55], "inference": [56], "performance.However,": [57], "these": [58, 77, 194], "schemes": [59, 78, 109], "certain": [61], "limitations,": [62], "such": [63], "as": [64], "poor": [65], "scalability": [66], "a": [68, 134], "rather": [69], "fixed": [70], "data": [72], "flow": [73], "path.These": [74], "limitations": [75], "make": [76], "inflexible": [79], "in": [80, 92, 199, 220, 255, 269, 291], "dealing": [81], "with": [82, 94, 294], "applications": [83, 257], "require": [85], "frequent": [86], "switching": [87, 97], "models,": [90], "especially": [91], "scenarios": [93, 287], "high": [95], "dynamic": [96], "real-time": [99], "response.The": [100], "second": [101], "one": [102], "instruction-based": [105], "Overlay": [106, 112, 189, 213, 239, 275], "processing": [107, 113, 190, 214, 240, 276], "unit.The": [108], "unit": [114], "propose": [116], "instruction": [118], "set": [119], "networks,": [122], "which": [123], "can": [124], "easily": [125], "be": [126], "extended": [127], "coming": [129], "networks.At": [130], "same": [132], "time,": [133], "compiler": [135], "designed": [137, 159], "perform": [139], "optimization": [140], "computation": [143], "graph,": [144], "allocation": [145], "computation,": [147], "scheduling": [149], "inputs": [151], "software": [154], "view.Meanwhile,": [155], "microarchitecture": [157], "dataflow": [161], "parallelism": [163], "optimizations": [164], "hardware": [167], "point": [168], "view.To": [170], "this": [171, 173, 207, 263, 289], "end,": [172], "study": [174, 208, 229, 264], "analyzes": [176], "design": [178, 202, 249, 271], "philosophy": [179], "architectural": [181], "features": [182], "accelerators": [187, 198], "units.Secondly,": [191], "by": [192], "comparing": [193], "terms": [200, 221], "scheme,": [203], "flexibility,": [204], "applicability,": [206], "delves": [209], "into": [210], "general": [212, 274], "unit,": [215], "emphasizing": [216], "its": [217], "significant": [218], "advantages": [219], "ease": [223], "use,": [225], "scalability,": [226], "versatility.The": [228], "then": [230], "systematically": [231], "categorizes": [232], "existing": [234], "FPGA": [235], "prototypes": [236], "units": [241, 277], "provides": [243], "in-depth": [245], "analysis": [246], "principles,": [250], "implementation": [251], "methods,": [252], "performance": [254], "practical": [256], "each": [259], "category": [260], "processors.Finally,": [262], "discusses": [265], "challenges": [267], "faced": [268], "process": [272], "looks": [279], "forward": [280], "potential": [283], "directions": [284], "application": [286], "technology": [290], "future": [292, 303], "development,": [293], "aim": [296], "providing": [298], "references": [299], "insights": [301], "research": [304], "work.": [305]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.9731000065803528, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.9731000065803528, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.011099999770522118, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11522", "display_name": "VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques", "score": 0.0026000000070780516, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1360/ssi-2024-0351", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1360/ssi-2024-0351", "pdf_url": "https://www.sciengine.com/doi/pdf/F1D404200A5943F0BC69A8FF47D7544F", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210201508", "display_name": "Scientia Sinica Informationis", "issn_l": "1674-7267", "issn": ["1674-7267", "2095-9486"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319973", "host_organization_name": "Science China Press", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319973"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Science China Press"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "SCIENTIA SINICA Informationis", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 4, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4408523922", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061182", "title": "An Efficient Convolutional Neural Network Accelerator Design on FPGA Using the Layer-to-Layer Unified Input Winograd Architecture", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-03-17", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5108147322", "display_name": "Jie Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0275-7889", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0275-7889"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I38706770", "display_name": "Guilin University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03z391397", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jie Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China", "Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Technology, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Technology, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101404209", "display_name": "Yong Liang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6021-2791", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6021-2791", "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3691-6346"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I38706770", "display_name": "Guilin University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03z391397", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Yong Liang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China", "Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Technology, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Technology, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101855078", "display_name": "Zhen-Hao Yang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7847-3172", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7847-3172"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I38706770", "display_name": "Guilin University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03z391397", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Zhenhao Yang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China", "Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Technology, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Technology, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5113732542", "display_name": "Xinhai Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6412-187X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6412-187X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I38706770", "display_name": "Guilin University of Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/03z391397", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xinhai Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China", "Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Technology, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6412-187X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Technology, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Convolutional": [0], "Neural": [1], "Networks": [2], "(CNNs)": [3], "have": [4], "found": [5], "widespread": [6], "applications": [7], "in": [8, 77, 101], "artificial": [9], "intelligence": [10], "fields": [11], "such": [12], "as": [13, 20], "computer": [14], "vision": [15], "and": [16, 24, 35, 49, 110, 152, 164], "edge": [17, 34], "computing.": [18], "However,": [19], "input": [21, 89], "data": [22, 132, 150], "dimensionality": [23], "convolutional": [25], "model": [26], "depth": [27], "continue": [28], "to": [29, 123, 135, 185], "increase,": [30], "deploying": [31], "CNNs": [32], "on": [33, 92, 162, 172], "embedded": [36], "devices": [37], "faces": [38], "significant": [39], "challenges,": [40], "including": [41], "high": [42], "computational": [43, 99], "demands,": [44], "excessive": [45], "hardware": [46, 125], "resource": [47, 126], "consumption,": [48], "prolonged": [50], "computation": [51, 120, 158], "times.": [52], "In": [53], "contrast,": [54], "the": [55, 86, 93, 102, 156, 173, 188], "Decomposable": [56, 94], "Winograd": [57, 95, 119, 157], "Method": [58], "(DWM),": [59], "which": [60], "decomposes": [61], "large-size": [62], "or": [63], "large-stride": [64], "kernels": [65], "into": [66], "smaller": [67], "kernels,": [68], "provides": [69], "a": [70, 116, 142], "more": [71], "efficient": [72, 137], "solution": [73], "for": [74], "inference": [75], "acceleration": [76], "resource-constrained": [78], "environments.": [79], "This": [80, 97], "work": [81], "proposes": [82], "an": [83, 178], "approach": [84], "employing": [85], "layer-to-layer": [87], "unified": [88], "transformation": [90, 104], "based": [91], "Method.": [96], "reduces": [98], "complexity": [100], "feature": [103], "unit": [105, 121], "through": [106], "system-level": [107], "parallel": [108], "pipelining": [109], "operation": [111], "reuse.": [112], "Additionally,": [113], "we": [114, 140], "introduce": [115], "reconfigurable,": [117], "column-indexed": [118], "design": [122, 130, 189], "minimize": [124], "consumption.": [127], "We": [128], "also": [129], "flexible": [131], "access": [133, 151], "patterns": [134], "support": [136], "computation.": [138], "Finally,": [139], "propose": [141], "preprocessing": [143], "shift": [144], "network": [145], "system": [146], "that": [147, 168], "enables": [148], "low-latency": [149], "dynamic": [153], "selection": [154], "of": [155, 181], "unit.": [159], "Experimental": [160], "evaluations": [161], "VGG-16": [163], "ResNet-18": [165], "networks": [166], "demonstrate": [167], "our": [169], "accelerator,": [170], "deployed": [171], "Xilinx": [174], "XC7Z045": [175], "platform,": [176], "achieves": [177], "average": [179], "throughput": [180], "683.26": [182], "GOPS.": [183], "Compared": [184], "existing": [186], "approaches,": [187], "improves": [190], "DSP": [191], "efficiency": [192], "(GOPS/DSPs)": [193], "by": [194], "5.8\u00d7.": [195]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.6743000149726868, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.6743000149726868, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.29440000653266907, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13292", "display_name": "Embedded Systems and FPGA Applications", "score": 0.015399999916553497, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3390/electronics14061182", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061182", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210202905", "display_name": "Electronics", "issn_l": "2079-9292", "issn": ["2079-9292"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310310987", "host_organization_name": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Electronics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 10, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7106256311", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17663363", "title": "Energy-Efficient NLP with Spiking Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Review of Opportunities, Challenges and Future Directions", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-12-09", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Alam, Mohammad Zahangir", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0130-339X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0130-339X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I155660961", "display_name": "University of Turku", "ror": "https://ror.org/05vghhr25", "country_code": "FI", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}], "countries": ["FI"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Alam, Mohammad Zahangir", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["University of Turku"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0130-339X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Turku", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"ABSTRACT\u2014The": [0], "rapid": [1], "expansion": [2], "of": [3, 12, 50, 81, 108, 121], "natural": [4, 259], "language": [5, 14, 177, 198, 215, 244, 260], "processing": [6, 99], "(NLP)": [7], "and": [8, 26, 39, 47, 53, 100, 123, 136, 146, 157, 186, 209, 234, 254], "the": [9, 78, 105, 109, 119, 163, 193], "widespread": [10], "adoption": [11], "large": [13, 67], "models\u2014including": [15], "Bidirectional": [16], "Encoder": [17], "Representations": [18], "from": [19], "Transformers": [20], "(BERT),": [21], "Generative": [22], "Pre-trained": [23], "Transformer": [24], "(GPT),": [25], "Large": [27], "Language": [28], "Model": [29], "Meta": [30], "AI": [31, 54, 83, 256], "(LLaMa)\u2014have": [32], "intensified": [33], "global": [34, 51], "concerns": [35], "about": [36, 77], "energy": [37, 61], "consumption": [38], "computational": [40], "sustainability.": [41], "Data": [42], "centers": [43], "consume": [44], "a": [45, 90, 128, 249], "significant": [46], "growing": [48], "share": [49], "electricity": [52], "workloads": [55], "are": [56], "projected": [57], "to": [58, 103, 162], "substantially": [59], "increase": [60], "demands": [62], "in": [63, 175], "coming": [64], "years.": [65], "Training": [66], "transformer": [68, 152], "models": [69], "generates": [70], "considerable": [71], "carbon": [72], "emissions,": [73], "raising": [74], "critical": [75], "questions": [76], "long-term": [79], "scalability": [80, 204], "current": [82], "paradigms.": [84], "Spiking": [85], "Neural": [86], "Networks": [87], "(SNNs)": [88], "offer": [89], "biologically": [91, 227], "inspired": [92], "pathway": [93], "toward": [94, 252], "energy-efficient": [95, 255], "NLP,": [96], "utilizing": [97], "event-driven": [98], "temporal": [101, 183, 210], "coding": [102, 225], "approach": [104], "extraordinary": [106], "efficiency": [107], "human": [110], "brain's": [111], "remarkably": [112], "low": [113], "power": [114], "consumption.": [115], "This": [116], "paper": [117], "surveys": [118], "intersection": [120], "SNNs": [122], "modern": [124], "NLP": [125], "systems,": [126], "with": [127, 242], "specific": [129], "focus": [130], "on": [131, 206], "spiking": [132, 142, 164, 197], "architectures,": [133, 143], "learning": [134, 144, 229], "algorithms,": [135], "neuromorphic": [137, 147, 176, 207], "hardware": [138], "implementations.": [139], "We": [140, 190], "examine": [141], "rules,": [145, 230], "hardware,": [148, 208], "analyzing": [149], "how": [150], "key": [151], "components\u2014attention": [153], "mechanisms,": [154], "tokenization": [155], "strategies,": [156, 233], "pre-training": [158], "objectives\u2014can": [159], "be": [160], "adapted": [161], "domain": [165], "while": [166], "maintaining": [167], "linguistic": [168], "capability.": [169], "The": [170], "work": [171, 247], "critiques": [172], "recent": [173], "advances": [174], "processing,": [178], "including": [179, 200], "spike-based": [180], "token": [181], "representations,": [182], "sequence": [184], "modeling,": [185], "energy-aware": [187], "training": [188, 201], "protocols.": [189], "critically": [191], "assess": [192], "salient": [194], "limitations": [195], "facing": [196], "models,": [199, 245], "complexity,": [202], "memory": [203], "constraints": [205], "encoding": [211], "problems": [212], "for": [213, 258], "discrete": [214], "tokens.": [216], "Furthermore,": [217], "we": [218], "identify": [219], "pivotal": [220], "research": [221], "directions:": [222], "hybrid": [223], "spike-rate": [224], "schemes,": [226], "plausible": [228], "hardware-software": [231], "co-design": [232], "standardized": [235], "benchmarking": [236], "frameworks.": [237], "By": [238], "bridging": [239], "brain-inspired": [240], "computation": [241], "state-of-the-art": [243], "this": [246], "provides": [248], "comprehensive": [250], "roadmap": [251], "sustainable": [253], "systems": [257], "understanding.": [261]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9692000150680542, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9692000150680542, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12029", "display_name": "DNA and Biological Computing", "score": 0.004800000227987766, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10028", "display_name": "Topic Modeling", "score": 0.003100000089034438, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.5281/zenodo.17663363", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17663363", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562", "display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I67311998", "host_organization_name": "European Organization for Nuclear Research", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I67311998"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "Preprint"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4416785370", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.21232", "title": "RISC-V Based TinyML Accelerator for Depthwise Separable Convolutions in Edge AI", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-26", "type": "preprint", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080515753", "display_name": "Muhammed Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1866-4721", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1866-4721"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I168864056", "display_name": "Bilkent University", "ror": "https://ror.org/02vh8a032", "country_code": "TR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]}], "countries": ["TR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yildirim, Muhammed", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computer Engineering Department Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University 06800 Ankara , Turkey"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Engineering Department Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University 06800 Ankara , Turkey", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I168864056"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101738631", "display_name": "\u00d6zcan \u00d6zt\u00fcrk", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6870-8430", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6870-8430"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I134235054", "display_name": "Sabanc\u0131 \u00dcniversitesi", "ror": "https://ror.org/049asqa32", "country_code": "TR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I134235054"]}], "countries": ["TR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ozturk, Ozcan", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Computer Science and Engineering Sabanc\u0131 University 34956 Istanbul , Turkey"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Computer Science and Engineering Sabanc\u0131 University 34956 Istanbul , Turkey", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I134235054"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0], "increasing": [1], "demand": [2], "for": [3, 93, 102, 222], "on-device": [4], "intelligence": [5], "in": [6, 184, 199, 227], "Edge": [7], "AI": [8, 229], "and": [9, 51, 132, 187, 219], "TinyML": [10, 213], "applications": [11], "requires": [12], "the": [13, 48, 100, 107, 160, 165, 205, 224], "efficient": [14], "execution": [15, 163], "of": [16, 54, 155, 207], "modern": [17], "Convolutional": [18], "Neural": [19], "Networks": [20], "(CNNs).": [21], "While": [22], "lightweight": [23], "architectures": [24], "like": [25], "MobileNetV2": [26], "employ": [27], "Depthwise": [28], "Separable": [29], "Convolutions": [30], "(DSC)": [31], "to": [32, 45, 59, 111, 114, 124, 142, 157], "reduce": [33], "computational": [34], "complexity,": [35], "their": [36], "multi-stage": [37], "design": [38, 151], "introduces": [39, 74], "a": [40, 75, 82, 88, 94, 120, 137, 146, 153, 172, 188, 208, 212, 217], "critical": [41], "performance": [42], "bottleneck": [43], "inherent": [44], "layer-by-layer": [46, 116], "execution:": [47], "high": [49], "energy": [50], "latency": [52], "cost": [53], "transferring": [55], "intermediate": [56, 103], "feature": [57], "maps": [58], "either": [60], "large": [61], "on-chip": [62], "buffers": [63, 104], "or": [64], "off-chip": [65], "DRAM.": [66], "To": [67], "address": [68], "this": [69, 72], "memory": [70, 225], "wall,": [71], "paper": [73], "novel": [76, 218], "hardware": [77], "accelerator": [78], "architecture": [79, 98], "that": [80], "utilizes": [81], "fused": [83], "pixel-wise": [84], "dataflow.": [85], "Implemented": [86], "as": [87], "Custom": [89], "Function": [90], "Unit": [91], "(CFU)": [92], "RISC-V": [95, 166], "processor,": [96], "our": [97, 150], "eliminates": [99], "need": [101], "entirely,": [105], "reducing": [106], "data": [108, 135], "movement": [109], "up": [110, 156], "87\\%": [112], "compared": [113], "conventional": [115], "execution.": [117], "It": [118], "computes": [119], "single": [121], "output": [122], "pixel": [123], "completion": [125], "across": [126], "all": [127], "DSC": [128], "stages-expansion,": [129], "depthwise": [130], "convolution,": [131], "projection-by": [133], "streaming": [134], "through": [136], "tightly-coupled": [138], "pipeline": [139], "without": [140], "writing": [141], "memory.": [143], "Evaluated": [144], "on": [145, 164], "Xilinx": [147], "Artix-7": [148], "FPGA,": [149], "achieves": [152], "speedup": [154], "59.3x": [158], "over": [159], "baseline": [161], "software": [162], "core.": [167], "Furthermore,": [168], "ASIC": [169], "synthesis": [170], "projects": [171], "compact": [173], "0.284": [174], "mm$^2$": [175, 190], "footprint": [176, 191], "with": [177, 192], "910": [178], "mW": [179, 194], "power": [180, 195], "at": [181, 196], "2": [182], "GHz": [183], "28": [185], "nm,": [186], "1.20": [189], "233": [193], "300": [197], "MHz": [198], "40": [200], "nm.": [201], "This": [202], "work": [203], "confirms": [204], "feasibility": [206], "zero-buffer": [209], "dataflow": [210], "within": [211], "resource": [214], "envelope,": [215], "offering": [216], "effective": [220], "strategy": [221], "overcoming": [223], "wall": [226], "edge": [228], "accelerators.": [230]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.8173999786376953, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.8173999786376953, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.1306000053882599, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.010700000450015068, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.21232", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.21232", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.21232", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": "2331-8422", "issn": ["2331-8422"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4416625656", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem54467", "title": "Area and Power Optimized 8\u00d78 Truncated and 8\u00d78 Array Multiplier Using Hybrid 1 Bit Full Adders", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-11-25", "type": "article", "language": null, "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Vegi Bhanu Krishna Paradesi Naidu", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Vegi Bhanu Krishna Paradesi Naidu", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5120426029", "display_name": "Rongali Venkata Nagamani", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Rongali Venkata Nagamani", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of ECE , Sanketika Vidya Parishad Engineering College , Visakhapatnam , India"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of ECE , Sanketika Vidya Parishad Engineering College , Visakhapatnam , India", "institution_ids": []}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Abstract:": [0], "Multiplication": [1], "is": [2, 102, 159], "a": [3, 85], "fundamental": [4], "operation": [5], "in": [6, 31], "digital": [7], "signal": [8], "processing": [9], "(DSP),": [10], "neural": [11], "network": [12], "accelerators,": [13], "and": [14, 27, 38, 61, 66, 89, 132, 168], "embedded": [15], "systems.": [16], "Conventional": [17], "parallel": [18], "multipliers": [19, 37, 40], "offer": [20], "high": [21], "performance": [22], "but": [23, 52], "incur": [24], "considerable": [25], "area": [26, 60, 130], "power": [28, 62, 136, 145], "overhead,": [29], "especially": [30], "deep": [32], "submicron": [33], "VLSI": [34], "technologies.": [35], "Truncated": [36, 176], "Array": [39, 178], "are": [41, 125], "reducing": [42], "hardware": [43, 115], "cost": [44], "by": [45], "omitting": [46], "least": [47], "significant": [48], "partial": [49, 108], "product": [50], "columns": [51], "introduce": [53], "accuracy": [54, 111], "degradation.": [55], "This": [56], "paper": [57], "proposes": [58], "an": [59], "optimized": [63], "8\u00d78": [64, 67], "truncated": [65, 149], "array": [68], "multiplier": [69, 150], "architectures": [70, 124], "employing": [71], "hybrid": [72, 81], "1\u2011bit": [73, 140], "full": [74, 82], "adders": [75], "implemented": [76], "90nm": [77], "CMOS": [78], "technology.": [79], "The": [80, 156], "adder": [83], "utilizes": [84], "combination": [86], "of": [87], "transmission\u2011gate": [88], "pass\u2011transistor": [90], "logic": [91, 101], "to": [92, 104, 128, 134, 152], "achieve": [93, 126], "full\u2011swing": [94], "outputs": [95], "with": [96, 143], "reduced": [97], "transistor": [98], "count.": [99], "Variable\u2011correction": [100], "integrated": [103], "compensate": [105], "for": [106, 138, 147, 163], "removed": [107], "products,": [109], "enhancing": [110], "while": [112], "maintaining": [113], "low": [114], "cost.": [116], "Tanner": [117], "EDA": [118], "simulations": [119], "demonstrate": [120], "that": [121], "the": [122, 139, 148], "proposed": [123, 157], "up": [127, 133], "27.2%": [129], "reduction": [131], "57%": [135], "savings": [137, 146], "adder,": [141], "along": [142], "9%": [144], "compared": [151], "conventional": [153], "full\u2011adder\u2011based": [154], "designs.": [155], "design": [158], "therefore": [160], "well": [161], "suited": [162], "DSP": [164, 185], "cores,": [165], "filtering": [166], "engines,": [167], "energy\u2011efficient": [169], "computing": [170], "units.": [171], "Keywords:": [172], "Hybrid": [173], "Full": [174], "Adder,": [175], "Multiplier,": [177, 179], "Variable": [180], "Correction": [181], "Method,": [182], "Low\u2011Power": [183], "VLSI,": [184], "Hardware": [186], "Optimization.": [187]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11522", "display_name": "VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques", "score": 9.999999747378752e-05, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10323", "display_name": "Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design", "score": 9.999999747378752e-05, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.55041/ijsrem54467", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem54467", "pdf_url": "https://ijsrem.com/download/area-and-power-optimized-8x8-truncated-and-8x8-array-multiplier-using-hybrid-1-bit-full-adders/?wpdmdl=61461&refresh=6925d1936b0291764086163", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210240841", "display_name": "INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT", "issn_l": "2582-3930", "issn": ["2582-3930"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4406221479", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s43588-024-00751-z", "title": "Resistive memory-based zero-shot liquid state machine for multimodal event data learning", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-09", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100635306", "display_name": "Ning Lin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6198-7043", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6198-7043"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I3045169105", "display_name": "Southern University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/049tv2d57", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119392", "display_name": "Institute of Microelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/02s6gs133", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I889458895", "display_name": "University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}], "countries": ["CN", "HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ning Lin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "The School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China", "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "The School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5083897792", "display_name": "Shaocong Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7195-8676", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7195-8676", "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1933-7361"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119392", "display_name": "Institute of Microelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/02s6gs133", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I889458895", "display_name": "University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}], "countries": ["CN", "HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Shaocong Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7195-8676", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100421744", "display_name": "Yi Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1930-8550", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1930-8550", "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9035-1686"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119392", "display_name": "Institute of Microelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/02s6gs133", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I889458895", "display_name": "University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}], "countries": ["CN", "HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yi Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5115883286", "display_name": "Bo Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3326-6887", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3326-6887"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I889458895", "display_name": "University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}], "countries": ["HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Bo Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5103053023", "display_name": "Shuhui Shi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6319-4047", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6319-4047", "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1948-7909", "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5024-2501"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I889458895", "display_name": "University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}], "countries": ["HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Shuhui Shi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5093795391", "display_name": "Yangu He", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9035-1686", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9035-1686"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I889458895", "display_name": "University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}], "countries": ["HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yangu He", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9035-1686", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071605573", "display_name": "Woyu Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9431-8615", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9431-8615"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119392", "display_name": "Institute of Microelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/02s6gs133", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210165038", "display_name": "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/05qbk4x57", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Woyu Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102649925", "display_name": "Yifei Yu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9208-2903", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9208-2903"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I889458895", "display_name": "University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}], "countries": ["HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yifei Yu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9208-2903", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102702934", "display_name": "Yue Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9502-2920", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9502-2920"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I889458895", "display_name": "University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}], "countries": ["HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yue Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5115592685", "display_name": "Xinyuan Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5900-2719", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5900-2719", "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1169-6752"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I24943067", "display_name": "Fudan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/013q1eq08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I889458895", "display_name": "University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}], "countries": ["CN", "HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xinyuan Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China", "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5050017487", "display_name": "Kwunhang Wong", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5195-2527", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5195-2527"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I889458895", "display_name": "University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}], "countries": ["HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kwunhang Wong", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5008931896", "display_name": "Songqi Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3771-8150", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3771-8150"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119392", "display_name": "Institute of Microelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/02s6gs133", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I889458895", "display_name": "University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}], "countries": ["CN", "HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Songqi Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100420361", "display_name": "Xiaoming Chen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7337-1844", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7337-1844"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210090176", "display_name": "Institute of Computing Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/0090r4d87", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiaoming Chen", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100600099", "display_name": "Hao Jiang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2110-0057", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2110-0057", "https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3822-3043"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I24943067", "display_name": "Fudan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/013q1eq08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Hao Jiang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102860593", "display_name": "Xumeng Zhang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-151X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-151X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I24943067", "display_name": "Fudan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/013q1eq08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I889458895", "display_name": "University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}], "countries": ["CN", "HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xumeng Zhang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-151X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5049088847", "display_name": "Peng Lin", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0679-8063", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0679-8063"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I76130692", "display_name": "Zhejiang University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00a2xv884", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Peng Lin", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0679-8063", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5101997099", "display_name": "Xiaoxin Xu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1174-8706", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1174-8706", "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7940-6031"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119392", "display_name": "Institute of Microelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/02s6gs133", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210165038", "display_name": "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/05qbk4x57", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiaoxin Xu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5102498323", "display_name": "Xiaojuan Qi", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4285-1626", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4285-1626"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I889458895", "display_name": "University of Hong Kong", "ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86", "country_code": "HK", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}], "countries": ["HK"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Xiaojuan Qi", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4285-1626", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5090042508", "display_name": "Zhongrui Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2264-0677", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2264-0677", "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5376-034X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I3045169105", "display_name": "Southern University of Science and Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/049tv2d57", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Zhongrui Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China. wangzr@sustech.edu.cn", "The School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China. wangzr@sustech.edu.cn", "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "The School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2264-0677", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China. wangzr@sustech.edu.cn", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "The School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China. wangzr@sustech.edu.cn", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "ACCESS \u2013 AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems, InnoHK Centers, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China", "institution_ids": []}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "The School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005469683", "display_name": "Dashan Shang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3573-8390", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3573-8390"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119392", "display_name": "Institute of Microelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/02s6gs133", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210165038", "display_name": "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/05qbk4x57", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Dashan Shang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. shangdashan@ime.ac.cn", "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. shangdashan@ime.ac.cn", "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3573-8390", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. shangdashan@ime.ac.cn", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. shangdashan@ime.ac.cn", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5100666053", "display_name": "Qi Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2877-4900", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2877-4900"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I24943067", "display_name": "Fudan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/013q1eq08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Qi Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5110532530", "display_name": "Ming Liu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3419-4400", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3419-4400"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I19820366", "display_name": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "ror": "https://ror.org/034t30j35", "country_code": "CN", "type": "government", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I24943067", "display_name": "Fudan University", "ror": "https://ror.org/013q1eq08", "country_code": "CN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119392", "display_name": "Institute of Microelectronics", "ror": "https://ror.org/02s6gs133", "country_code": "CN", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}], "countries": ["CN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ming Liu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China", "Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I19820366", "https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12611", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing", "score": 9.999999747378752e-05, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12029", "display_name": "DNA and Biological Computing", "score": 0.0, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312", "display_name": "Molecular Biology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13", "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1", "display_name": "Life Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1038/s43588-024-00751-z", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s43588-024-00751-z", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210228084", "display_name": "Nature Computational Science", "issn_l": "2662-8457", "issn": ["2662-8457"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "doyens", "jufo-1", "ki-jl-2", "medline", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "host_organization_name": "Nature Portfolio", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319908", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Nature Portfolio", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Nature Computational Science", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 26, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4415052269", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.31649/1997-9266-2025-181-4-186-194", "title": "Implementation of a Two-Input Discrete Perceptron with Shifted Synaptic Signals on FPGA Using AlteraHDL", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5040552296", "display_name": "S.V. Yakovyn", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3335-2892", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3335-2892"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I33616363", "display_name": "Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas", "ror": "https://ror.org/01f1ses45", "country_code": "UA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I33616363"]}], "countries": ["UA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "S.V. Yakovyn", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["\u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e-\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0438 \u0456 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0443"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "\u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e-\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0438 \u0456 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0443", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I33616363"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5058003419", "display_name": "Stepan Melnychuk", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6973-4235", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6973-4235"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I33616363", "display_name": "Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas", "ror": "https://ror.org/01f1ses45", "country_code": "UA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I33616363"]}], "countries": ["UA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "S.I. Melnychuk", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["\u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e-\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0438 \u0456 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0443"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "\u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e-\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0438 \u0456 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0443", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I33616363"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5023255362", "display_name": "I.Z. Manuliak", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I33616363", "display_name": "Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas", "ror": "https://ror.org/01f1ses45", "country_code": "UA", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I33616363"]}], "countries": ["UA"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "I.Z. Manuliak", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["\u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e-\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0438 \u0456 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0443"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "\u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e-\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0438 \u0456 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0443", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I33616363"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 21, 53, 169, 193, 221], "paper": [1], "proposes": [2], "and": [3, 47, 89, 96, 111, 147, 189, 213, 238], "experimentally": [4], "investigates": [5], "a": [6, 10, 16, 124, 151, 202], "hardware": [7, 54, 73, 119, 178], "implementation": [8, 55], "of": [9, 44, 56, 100, 118, 128, 142, 155, 163, 205, 208, 216, 226], "discrete": [11, 58, 228], "two-input": [12], "probabilistic": [13], "perceptron": [14, 22, 59, 78, 229], "on": [15, 40, 61, 123, 134], "Field-Programmable": [17], "Gate": [18], "Array": [19], "(FPGA).": [20], "is": [23], "constructed": [24], "from": [25], "three": [26], "elementary": [27], "modules": [28], "\u2014": [29, 105], "shift2b": [30], "(synaptic": [31], "signal": [32], "shifting": [33, 62], "via": [34], "simple": [35], "addition),": [36], "cnts": [37], "(aggregation": [38], "based": [39, 122], "counting": [41], "the": [42, 57, 76, 94, 98, 116, 140, 174, 197, 214, 224], "number": [43, 204], "unique": [45], "values),": [46], "cmp2b": [48], "(a": [49], "two-bit": [50], "activation": [51], "comparator).": [52], "relies": [60], "input": [63], "signals": [64], "using": [65, 227], "an": [66, 160], "integer": [67], "addition": [68], "operation,": [69], "which": [70], "significantly": [71], "reduces": [72], "requirements.": [74, 136], "Additionally,": [75], "proposed": [77, 194], "architecture": [79], "ensures": [80], "minimal": [81], "component": [82], "complexity": [83], "(2\u20133": [84], "logic": [85, 191], "elements": [86], "per": [87], "block)": [88], "enables,": [90], "by": [91], "merely": [92], "altering": [93], "weights": [95], "threshold,": [97], "emulation": [99], "six": [101], "basic": [102], "Boolean": [103], "operations": [104], "OR,": [106], "AND,": [107], "XOR,": [108], "NOR,": [109], "NAND,": [110], "XNOR.": [112], "This": [113], "approach": [114, 195], "enables": [115], "creation": [117], "mono-structural": [120], "components": [121], "unified": [125], "block,": [126], "capable": [127], "implementing": [129], "different": [130], "logical": [131], "functions": [132], "depending": [133], "application": [135], "Functional": [137], "simulation": [138], "confirmed": [139], "correctness": [141], "all": [143], "implemented": [144], "truth": [145], "tables,": [146], "timing": [148], "analysis": [149], "indicated": [150], "critical": [152], "path": [153], "delay": [154], "16.7": [156], "ns,": [157], "corresponding": [158], "to": [159, 182, 201], "operating": [161], "frequency": [162], "approximately": [164], "60": [165], "MHz": [166], "without": [167], "pipelining.": [168], "derived": [170], "analytical": [171], "relations": [172], "demonstrate": [173], "potential": [175], "for": [176, 199], "reducing": [177], "resource": [179], "usage": [180], "compared": [181], "traditional": [183], "linear": [184], "adders": [185], "when": [186], "synthesizing": [187], "first-": [188], "second-order": [190], "functions.": [192], "paves": [196], "way": [198], "scaling": [200], "higher": [203], "inputs,": [206], "integration": [207], "statistical": [209], "(probabilistic)": [210], "aggregation": [211], "criteria,": [212], "development": [215], "embedded": [217], "on-chip": [218], "learning": [219], "procedures.": [220], "results": [222], "confirm": [223], "viability": [225], "structures": [230], "as": [231], "lightweight,": [232], "energy-efficient": [233], "classifiers": [234], "in": [235], "real-time": [236], "systems": [237], "specialized": [239], "neural": [240], "network": [241], "accelerators.": [242]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.45969998836517334, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10320", "display_name": "Neural Networks and Applications", "score": 0.45969998836517334, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T13292", "display_name": "Embedded Systems and FPGA Applications", "score": 0.16820000112056732, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11522", "display_name": "VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques", "score": 0.14139999449253082, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.31649/1997-9266-2025-181-4-186-194", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.31649/1997-9266-2025-181-4-186-194", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210216707", "display_name": "Visnyk of Vinnytsia Politechnical Institute", "issn_l": "1997-9266", "issn": ["1997-9266", "1997-9274"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Visnyk of Vinnytsia Politechnical Institute", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4411243769", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125421", "title": "On the Application of Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network for Daily Forecasting of PM2.5 in Dakar, Senegal (West Africa)", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-06-12", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005790636", "display_name": "Ahmed Gueye", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2350-6276", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2350-6276"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I96840727", "display_name": "Cheikh Anta Diop University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04je6yw13", "country_code": "SN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I96840727"]}], "countries": ["SN"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Ahmed Gueye", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar University (UCAD), Dakar-Fann, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2350-6276", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar University (UCAD), Dakar-Fann, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I96840727"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5060127537", "display_name": "Serigne Abdoul Aziz Niang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8397-2013", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8397-2013"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I96840727", "display_name": "Cheikh Anta Diop University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04je6yw13", "country_code": "SN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I96840727"]}], "countries": ["SN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Serigne Abdoul Aziz Niang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar University (UCAD), Dakar-Fann, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8397-2013", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar University (UCAD), Dakar-Fann, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I96840727"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5028987423", "display_name": "Isma\u00efla Diallo", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1209-4107", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1209-4107"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I51504820", "display_name": "San Jose State University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04qyvz380", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Ismaila Diallo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Meteorology and Climate Science, San Jos\u00e9 State University (SJSU), San Jose, CA 95192, USA", "Wildfire Interdisciplinary Research Center, San Jos\u00e9 State University (SJSU), San Jose, CA 95192, USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1209-4107", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Meteorology and Climate Science, San Jos\u00e9 State University (SJSU), San Jose, CA 95192, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Wildfire Interdisciplinary Research Center, San Jos\u00e9 State University (SJSU), San Jose, CA 95192, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5008952431", "display_name": "Mamadou Simina Dram\u00e9", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3129-4641", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3129-4641"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I96840727", "display_name": "Cheikh Anta Diop University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04je6yw13", "country_code": "SN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I96840727"]}], "countries": ["SN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mamadou Simina Dram\u00e9", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar University (UCAD), Dakar-Fann, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal", "Laboratoire de Physique de l\u2019Atmosph\u00e8re et de l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Sim\u00e9on Fongang, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD), Dakar-Fann, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3129-4641", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar University (UCAD), Dakar-Fann, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I96840727"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Laboratoire de Physique de l\u2019Atmosph\u00e8re et de l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Sim\u00e9on Fongang, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD), Dakar-Fann, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I96840727"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5017766675", "display_name": "Moussa Diallo", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-7027", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-7027"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I96840727", "display_name": "Cheikh Anta Diop University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04je6yw13", "country_code": "SN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I96840727"]}], "countries": ["SN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Moussa Diallo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Higher Polytechnic School, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Fann, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-7027", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Higher Polytechnic School, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Fann, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I96840727"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5115019449", "display_name": "Ali Ahmat Younous", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I96840727", "display_name": "Cheikh Anta Diop University", "ror": "https://ror.org/04je6yw13", "country_code": "SN", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I96840727"]}], "countries": ["SN"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ali Ahmat Younous", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar University (UCAD), Dakar-Fann, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar University (UCAD), Dakar-Fann, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I96840727"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"This": [0], "study": [1, 80], "aims": [2], "to": [3, 38, 117], "optimize": [4], "daily": [5, 71], "forecasts": [6, 91], "of": [7, 70, 99, 167], "the": [8, 49, 75, 83, 103, 150, 154, 165, 168], "PM2.5": [9], "concentrations": [10], "in": [11, 42, 57, 64, 120, 182], "Dakar,": [12], "Senegal": [13], "using": [14, 139], "a": [15, 35, 93], "long": [16], "short-term": [17], "memory": [18], "(LSTM)": [19], "neural": [20, 85], "network": [21, 86, 170], "model.": [22], "Particulate": [23], "matter,": [24], "aggravated": [25], "by": [26], "factors": [27], "such": [28, 47], "as": [29, 48], "dust,": [30], "traffic,": [31], "and": [32, 61, 131, 143, 175], "industrialization,": [33], "poses": [34], "serious": [36], "threat": [37], "public": [39, 179], "health,": [40], "especially": [41, 126], "developing": [43], "countries.": [44], "Existing": [45], "models": [46], "Autoregressive": [50], "integrated": [51], "moving": [52], "average": [53], "(ARIMA)": [54], "have": [55], "limitations": [56], "capturing": [58], "nonlinear": [59], "relationships": [60], "complex": [62], "dynamics": [63], "environmental": [65], "data.": [66], "Using": [67], "four": [68], "years": [69], "data": [72], "collected": [73], "at": [74], "Bel": [76], "Air": [77], "station,": [78], "this": [79], "shows": [81, 137], "that": [82, 138], "LSTM": [84, 112, 169], "model": [87, 113, 155], "provides": [88], "more": [89], "accurate": [90], "with": [92], "root": [94], "mean": [95], "square": [96], "error": [97], "(RMSE)": [98], "3.2": [100], "\u03bcg/m3,": [101], "whereas": [102], "RMSE": [104], "for": [105, 171, 178], "ARIMA": [106], "is": [107], "about": [108], "6.8": [109], "\u03bcg/m3.": [110], "The": [111], "predicts": [114], "reliably": [115], "up": [116], "7": [118], "days": [119], "advance,": [121], "accurately": [122], "reproducing": [123], "extreme": [124], "values,": [125], "during": [127], "dust": [128], "event": [129], "outbreaks": [130], "peak": [132], "travel": [133], "periods.": [134], "Computational": [135], "analysis": [136], "Graphical": [140], "Processing": [141, 145], "Unit": [142, 146], "Tensor": [144], "processors": [147], "significantly": [148], "reduce": [149], "execution": [151], "time,": [152], "improving": [153], "efficiency": [156], "while": [157], "maintaining": [158], "high": [159], "accuracy.": [160], "Overall,": [161], "these": [162], "results": [163], "highlight": [164], "usefulness": [166], "air": [172], "quality": [173], "prediction": [174], "its": [176], "potential": [177], "health": [180], "management": [181], "Dakar.": [183]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12120", "display_name": "Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2305", "display_name": "Environmental Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12120", "display_name": "Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting", "score": 0.9994999766349792, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2305", "display_name": "Environmental Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10190", "display_name": "Air Quality and Health Impacts", "score": 9.999999747378752e-05, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2307", "display_name": "Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11490", "display_name": "Hydrological Forecasting Using AI", "score": 9.999999747378752e-05, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2305", "display_name": "Environmental Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.3390/su17125421", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125421", "pdf_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/12/5421/pdf?version=1749720849", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S10134376", "display_name": "Sustainability", "issn_l": "2071-1050", "issn": ["2071-1050"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310310987", "host_organization_name": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Sustainability", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4415090390", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.10519", "title": "Gradient Estimation Methods of Approximate Multipliers for High-Accuracy Retraining of Deep Learning Models", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-09-03", "type": "preprint", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031932491", "display_name": "Chang Meng", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3134-7771", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3134-7771"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Meng, Chang", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5033415719", "display_name": "Wayne P. Burleson", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7068-4351", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7068-4351"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Burleson, Wayne", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5072927296", "display_name": "Giovanni De Micheli", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7827-3215", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7827-3215"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "De Micheli, Giovanni", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Approximate": [0], "multipliers": [1], "(AppMults)": [2], "are": [3], "widely": [4], "used": [5], "in": [6, 37, 131], "deep": [7, 24], "learning": [8, 25], "accelerators": [9], "to": [10, 31, 56, 76, 87, 183], "reduce": [11], "their": [12], "area,": [13], "delay,": [14], "and": [15, 110, 123, 153, 161], "power": [16], "consumption.": [17], "However,": [18], "AppMults": [19], "introduce": [20], "arithmetic": [21], "errors": [22], "into": [23], "models,": [26, 171], "necessitating": [27], "a": [28, 121, 184], "retraining": [29, 38, 78, 114, 136, 157, 176, 186], "process": [30], "recover": [32], "accuracy.": [33, 115], "A": [34], "key": [35], "step": [36], "is": [39, 120], "computing": [40], "the": [41, 44, 47, 51, 69, 99, 112], "gradient": [42, 65, 101, 129], "of": [43, 50, 68, 92], "AppMult,": [45], "i.e.,": [46], "partial": [48], "derivative": [49], "approximate": [52], "product": [53], "with": [54, 102, 138, 147, 168], "respect": [55], "each": [57], "input": [58], "operand.": [59], "Existing": [60], "approaches": [61], "typically": [62], "estimate": [63], "this": [64], "using": [66], "that": [67, 127, 144], "accurate": [70], "multiplier": [71], "(AccMult),": [72], "which": [73], "can": [74], "lead": [75], "suboptimal": [77], "results.": [79], "To": [80], "address": [81], "this,": [82], "we": [83], "propose": [84], "two": [85], "methods": [86, 155], "obtain": [88], "more": [89, 124], "precise": [90], "gradients": [91], "AppMults.": [93], "The": [94, 116], "first,": [95], "called": [96, 118], "LUT-2D,": [97], "characterizes": [98], "AppMult": [100], "2-dimensional": [103], "lookup": [104], "tables": [105], "(LUTs),": [106], "providing": [107], "fine-grained": [108], "estimation": [109], "achieving": [111, 134], "highest": [113], "second,": [117], "LUT-1D,": [119], "compact": [122], "efficient": [125], "variant": [126], "stores": [128], "values": [130], "1-dimensional": [132], "LUTs,": [133], "comparable": [135], "accuracy": [137, 158, 177], "shorter": [139], "runtime.": [140], "Experimental": [141], "results": [142], "show": [143], "on": [145, 163, 180], "CIFAR-10": [146], "convolutional": [148], "neural": [149], "networks,": [150], "our": [151, 172], "LUT-2D": [152], "LUT-1D": [154, 173], "improve": [156], "by": [159, 178], "3.83%": [160], "3.72%": [162], "average,": [164, 181], "respectively.": [165], "On": [166], "ImageNet": [167], "vision": [169], "transformer": [170], "method": [174], "improves": [175], "23.69%": [179], "compared": [182], "state-of-the-art": [185], "framework.": [187]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.9643999934196472, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.9643999934196472, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.024800000712275505, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T11697", "display_name": "Numerical Methods and Algorithms", "score": 0.00559999980032444, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1703", "display_name": "Computational Theory and Mathematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.10519", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10519", "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.10519", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400194", "display_name": "arXiv (Cornell University)", "issn_l": "2331-8422", "issn": ["2331-8422"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I205783295", "host_organization_name": "Cornell University", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I205783295"], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "repository"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "submittedVersion", "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false, "raw_source_name": null, "raw_type": "text"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W7219402154", "doi": null, "title": "AI-Enhanced Profiling of Driver Behavior Using Zero- Permission Embedded Sensors", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-06-02", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5156336252", "display_name": "Marisetti. Naga Lakshmi", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Lakshmi, Marisetti. Naga", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5156549186", "display_name": "M. Suneetha", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Suneetha, M.", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5156590513", "display_name": "SVN Srinivasu", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Srinivasu, SVN", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5156682049", "display_name": "K Sai Yaswanth Reddy", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Reddy, K.V.Narasimha", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5156844714", "display_name": "N. Vijaya kumar", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "kumar, N. Vijaya", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5156497327", "display_name": "G. Sai Sindhu", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sindhu, G. Sai", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 47], "proliferation": [1], "of": [2], "intelligent": [3], "transport": [4, 213], "systems": [5, 196], "demands": [6], "sophisticated": [7], "tools": [8], "to": [9, 42, 65, 114, 188], "understand": [10], "and": [11, 35, 39, 92, 103, 116, 121, 183, 201, 211], "optimize": [12], "driver": [13, 44], "behavior": [14, 45, 129], "without": [15], "compromising": [16], "privacy": [17, 71], "or": [18], "system": [19, 89], "integration.": [20], "This": [21, 68, 150], "research": [22, 151], "proposes": [23], "a": [24], "groundbreaking": [25], "framework": [26, 108], "leveraging": [27], "zero-permission": [28], "embedded": [29], "sensors,": [30], "such": [31, 97, 137], "as": [32, 98, 138], "accelerometers,": [33], "gyroscopes,": [34], "magnetometers,": [36], "in": [37, 51, 130], "mobile": [38], "in-vehicle": [40], "devices": [41], "profile": [43], "comprehensively.": [46], "core": [48], "innovation": [49], "lies": [50], "employing": [52], "AI-enhanced": [53], "edge": [54], "analytics": [55], "powered": [56], "by": [57, 155], "federated": [58], "learning,": [59], "ensuring": [60], "data": [61, 86], "processing": [62], "remains": [63], "local": [64], "the": [66, 88, 107, 205], "device.": [67], "approach": [69], "addresses": [70], "concerns": [72], "while": [73], "maintaining": [74], "high": [75], "model": [76, 115], "accuracy.": [77], "By": [78], "integrating": [79], "self-supervised": [80], "learning": [81], "(SSL)": [82], "techniques": [83], "with": [84, 166], "sensor": [85], "streams,": [87], "autonomously": [90], "detects": [91], "labels": [93], "complex": [94], "driving": [95, 128, 143], "patterns": [96], "aggressive": [99], "acceleration,": [100], "harsh": [101], "braking,": [102], "distracted": [104], "driving.": [105], "Additionally,": [106], "utilizes": [109], "Graph": [110], "Neural": [111], "Networks": [112], "(GNNs)": [113], "analyze": [117], "dynamic": [118], "road": [119], "environments": [120], "driver-vehicle": [122], "interactions,": [123], "offering": [124], "unparalleled": [125], "insights": [126], "into": [127], "diverse": [131], "traffic": [132], "conditions.": [133], "Generative": [134], "AI": [135, 158], "models,": [136], "diffusion-based": [139], "architectures,": [140], "simulate": [141], "potential": [142], "scenarios,": [144], "aiding": [145], "real-time": [146], "decision": [147], "support": [148], "systems.": [149], "showcases": [152], "exceptional": [153], "scalability": [154], "deploying": [156], "energy-efficient": [157], "accelerators": [159], "for": [160, 207], "on-device": [161], "inference,": [162], "enabling": [163], "continuous": [164], "monitoring": [165], "minimal": [167], "power": [168], "consumption.": [169], "Experimental": [170], "validation": [171], "on": [172], "datasets": [173], "from": [174], "smart": [175], "cities": [176], "demonstrates": [177], "enhanced": [178], "behavioral": [179], "profiling": [180], "accuracy": [181], "(98%)": [182], "latency": [184], "reductions": [185], "(40%)": [186], "compared": [187], "traditional": [189], "cloud-based": [190], "models.": [191], "Applications": [192], "include": [193], "advanced": [194], "driver-assistance": [195], "(ADAS),": [197], "fleet": [198], "management": [199], "optimization,": [200], "insurance": [202], "telematics,": [203], "paving": [204], "way": [206], "safer,": [208], "more": [209], "efficient,": [210], "driver-centric": [212], "ecosystems.": [214]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T12406", "display_name": "IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems", "score": 0.22200000286102295, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T12406", "display_name": "IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems", "score": 0.22200000286102295, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2210", "display_name": "Mechanical Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10370", "display_name": "Traffic and Road Safety", "score": 0.19339999556541443, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2213", "display_name": "Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10525", "display_name": "Human-Automation Interaction and Safety", "score": 0.16140000522136688, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3207", "display_name": "Social Psychology"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/32", "display_name": "Psychology"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2", "display_name": "Social Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "pmh:oai:jneonatalsurg.com:article/6934", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://www.jneonatalsurg.com/index.php/jns/article/view/6934", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764549079", "display_name": "Journal of Neonatal Surgery", "issn_l": "2226-0439", "issn": ["2226-0439"], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core"], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "2226-0439", "raw_type": "info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4414957077", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2025.3610230", "title": "A High-Reliable and High-Speed All-Digital STT-MRAM-Based Computing-in-Memory for Binary Neural Networks", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-10-08", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5075965127", "display_name": "Yongcheng Wang", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4594-9526", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4594-9526"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I201537933", "display_name": "Tohoku University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01dq60k83", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yongcheng Wang", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4594-9526", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5085862292", "display_name": "Tao Li", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2206-9490", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2206-9490"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I201537933", "display_name": "Tohoku University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01dq60k83", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tao Li", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2206-9490", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5083722186", "display_name": "Tetsuo Endoh", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5583-3283", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5583-3283"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I201537933", "display_name": "Tohoku University", "ror": "https://ror.org/01dq60k83", "country_code": "JP", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}], "countries": ["JP"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tetsuo Endoh", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5583-3283", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Computing-in-Memory": [0], "(CiM)": [1], "has": [2], "been": [3], "regarded": [4], "as": [5, 62], "a": [6, 23, 69, 78, 102, 109, 129], "promising": [7], "AI": [8], "accelerator": [9], "architecture": [10, 28, 60], "owing": [11, 87], "to": [12, 33, 57, 75, 88], "its": [13], "high": [14, 18], "energy": [15], "efficiency": [16], "and": [17, 115, 121], "throughput.": [19], "This": [20], "work": [21], "proposes": [22], "novel": [24], "STT-MRAM": [25, 39], "based": [26, 40], "CiM": [27, 41, 98], "for": [29], "binary": [30, 66], "neural": [31], "networks": [32], "address": [34], "the": [35, 58, 89, 96], "limitations": [36], "in": [37, 50, 125], "analog": [38], "designs,": [42], "which": [43], "suffer": [44], "from": [45], "limited": [46], "tunnel": [47, 52], "magnetoresistance": [48], "(TMR)": [49], "magnetic": [51], "junctions.": [53], "The": [54], "key": [55], "improvements": [56], "proposed": [59, 97], "are": [61], "follows:": [63], "(1)": [64], "accelerated": [65], "multiplication": [67, 80], "via": [68], "differential-type": [70], "architecture;": [71], "(2)": [72], "improved": [73], "tolerance": [74], "TMR": [76, 130], "through": [77], "digital": [79], "readout": [81], "scheme;": [82], "(3)": [83], "reduced": [84], "power": [85], "consumption": [86], "high-speed": [90], "computation.": [91], "SPICE": [92], "simulation": [93], "shows": [94], "that": [95], "cell": [99], "can": [100], "achieve": [101], "0.68": [103], "ns": [104], "low": [105], "computing": [106], "delay": [107], "at": [108, 128], "supply": [110], "voltage": [111], "of": [112, 131], "1": [113], "V": [114], "10": [116], "fF": [117], "output": [118, 126], "parasitic": [119], "capacitance,": [120], "3": [122], "times": [123], "increase": [124], "swing": [127], "50%.": [132]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.8666999936103821, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10502", "display_name": "Advanced Memory and Neural Computing", "score": 0.8666999936103821, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10049", "display_name": "Magnetic properties of thin films", "score": 0.10189999639987946, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/3107", "display_name": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/31", "display_name": "Physics and Astronomy"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.0038999998942017555, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/tmag.2025.3610230", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2025.3610230", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S50523690", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Magnetics", "issn_l": "0018-9464", "issn": ["0018-9464", "1941-0069"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-2", "ki-jl-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320755", "host_organization_name": "IEEE Magnetics Society", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310320755", "https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["IEEE Magnetics Society", "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Magnetics", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4407403675", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3541567", "title": "Hierarchical Formal Verification of Hardware", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-02-12", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5037399395", "display_name": "Huaixi Lu", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3875-1761", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3875-1761"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I1311688040", "display_name": "Amazon (United States)", "ror": "https://ror.org/04mv4n011", "country_code": "US", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Huaixi Lu", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Amazon Web Services, Austin, TX, USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3875-1761", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Amazon Web Services, Austin, TX, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5018506021", "display_name": "Yue Xing", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7422-3352", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7422-3352"]}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Yue Xing", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Waymo LLC., Mountain View, CA, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Waymo LLC., Mountain View, CA, USA", "institution_ids": []}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041231710", "display_name": "Aarti Gupta", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6676-9400", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6676-9400"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20089843", "display_name": "Princeton University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hx57361", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Aarti Gupta", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5085975362", "display_name": "Sharad Malik", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0837-5443", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0837-5443"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I20089843", "display_name": "Princeton University", "ror": "https://ror.org/00hx57361", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}], "countries": ["US"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Sharad Malik", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0837-5443", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Scaling": [0], "hardware": [1, 117], "formal": [2], "verification": [3, 24, 77, 110, 143, 149, 190], "(FV)": [4], "has": [5], "been": [6], "an": [7, 92], "ongoing": [8], "challenge": [9], "due": [10], "to": [11, 40, 79, 192], "the": [12, 38, 42, 56, 70, 112, 125, 129, 134, 152, 159, 162, 168, 195], "state": [13], "space": [14], "explosion": [15], "problem.": [16], "In": [17], "this": [18, 141], "article,": [19], "we": [20], "introduce": [21], "a": [22, 47, 63, 146], "bottom-up": [23, 147], "methodology": [25, 144, 173], "that": [26, 86], "leverages": [27], "design": [28, 71], "hierarchy": [29, 39], "by": [30], "using": [31], "sound": [32], "abstractions": [33], "at": [34, 66, 85, 154, 161], "each": [35, 67, 96, 116], "level": [36, 68, 131, 156], "in": [37, 181], "decompose": [41], "overall": [43], "FV": [44, 53], "problem": [45], "into": [46], "set": [48], "of": [49, 69, 82, 171], "smaller,": [50], "more": [51], "manageable": [52], "tasks.We": [54], "use": [55], "recently": [57], "proposed": [58], "instruction-level": [59], "abstraction": [60], "(ILA)": [61], "as": [62, 158], "complete": [64, 193], "specification": [65, 90, 94, 122, 153], "hierarchy.": [72], "We": [73, 137, 166], "then": [74, 128, 138], "utilize": [75], "ILA-based": [76], "methods": [78], "check": [80], "correctness": [81], "modules": [83, 180], "composed": [84], "level.": [87, 165], "The": [88], "ILA": [89, 121, 135], "includes": [91], "interface": [93, 99, 126], "for": [95, 101], "module": [97], "and": [98, 123, 187], "checks": [100], "verifying": [102], "correct": [103], "intermodule": [104], "communication.": [105], "This": [106], "approach": [107], "enables": [108], "compositional": [109, 142], "with": [111], "following": [113], "guarantee:": [114], "if": [115], "component": [118], "refines": [119, 133], "its": [120], "passes": [124], "checks,": [127], "register-transfer": [130], "composition": [132], "composition.": [136], "show": [139], "how": [140], "facilitates": [145], "hierarchical": [148], "approach,": [150], "where": [151, 189], "one": [155], "serves": [157], "implementation": [160], "next": [163], "higher": [164], "demonstrate": [167], "increased": [169], "scalability": [170], "our": [172], "through": [174], "several": [175], "case": [176], "studies,": [177], "including": [178], "complex": [179], "two": [182], "deep": [183], "learning": [184], "accelerators": [185], "(FlexASR": [186], "NVDLA),": [188], "fails": [191], "on": [194], "flat": [196], "designs.": [197]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10142", "display_name": "Formal Methods in Verification", "score": 0.9458000063896179, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1703", "display_name": "Computational Theory and Mathematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10142", "display_name": "Formal Methods in Verification", "score": 0.9458000063896179, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1703", "display_name": "Computational Theory and Mathematics"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.04470000043511391, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10126", "display_name": "Logic, programming, and type systems", "score": 0.004600000102072954, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1109/tcad.2025.3541567", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2025.3541567", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S100835903", "display_name": "IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems", "issn_l": "0278-0070", "issn": ["0278-0070", "1937-4151"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-2", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319808", "host_organization_name": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 3, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4412900583", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2025.6.2.1892-1897", "title": "Designing Power-Efficient Systems-on-Chip (SoCs) for AI-Driven Consumer Electronics", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Karthik Wali", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Karthik Wali", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": []}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"The": [0, 195], "integration": [1, 114], "of": [2, 115, 168], "artificial": [3], "intelligence": [4], "(AI)": [5], "into": [6], "consumer": [7, 85, 251], "electronics": [8], "has": [9], "redefined": [10], "user": [11], "experiences": [12], "by": [13, 141], "enabling": [14, 59], "smart": [15, 24], "functionalities": [16], "in": [17, 201, 237, 247], "devices": [18, 34], "such": [19, 119], "as": [20, 54, 120, 134, 172], "smartphones,": [21], "wearables,": [22], "and": [23, 47, 103, 112, 125, 151, 175, 185, 216, 230], "home": [25], "systems.": [26], "However,": [27], "delivering": [28], "AI": [29, 61, 117, 170, 202, 217], "capabilities": [30], "on": [31, 89], "compact,": [32], "battery-operated": [33], "presents": [35], "a": [36, 205], "major": [37], "engineering": [38], "challenge:": [39], "achieving": [40], "high": [41], "computational": [42], "performance": [43], "within": [44], "strict": [45], "power": [46, 181, 193], "thermal": [48], "constraints.": [49], "Systems-on-Chip": [50], "(SoCs)": [51], "have": [52], "emerged": [53], "the": [55, 64, 113, 137], "hardware": [56, 212], "foundation": [57], "for": [58, 71, 78, 83], "efficient": [60], "processing": [62, 94, 122], "at": [63], "edge,": [65], "offering": [66], "tightly": [67], "integrated": [68], "components": [69], "optimized": [70], "performance-per-watt.": [72], "This": [73, 240], "paper": [74, 196], "explores": [75], "design": [76], "methodologies": [77], "developing": [79], "power-efficient": [80], "SoCs": [81, 203], "tailored": [82], "AI-driven": [84], "electronics.": [86, 252], "We": [87, 220], "focus": [88], "architectural": [90], "strategies": [91], "that": [92, 189, 198, 233], "balance": [93], "throughput": [95], "with": [96], "minimal": [97], "energy": [98, 138, 199, 238], "usage,": [99], "including": [100, 225], "dynamic": [101], "voltage": [102], "frequency": [104], "scaling,": [105], "heterogeneous": [106], "multicore": [107], "designs,": [108], "memory": [109], "subsystem": [110], "optimization,": [111, 215], "domain-specific": [116], "accelerators": [118], "neural": [121], "units": [123], "(NPUs)": [124], "tensor": [126], "cores.": [127], "Additionally,": [128], "compute-in-memory": [129], "(CIM)": [130], "techniques": [131, 179], "are": [132], "analyzed": [133], "solutions": [135], "to": [136, 155, 191, 243], "bottleneck": [139], "caused": [140], "data": [142], "movement.": [143], "Our": [144], "analysis": [145], "draws": [146], "from": [147], "recent": [148], "academic": [149], "research": [150], "industrial": [152], "implementations": [153], "up": [154], "December": [156], "2024,": [157], "highlighting": [158], "power-performance": [159], "trade-offs": [160], "across": [161, 211], "various": [162], "SoC": [163], "platforms.": [164], "Through": [165], "case": [166], "studies": [167], "commercial": [169], "SoCs\u2014such": [171], "Apple\u2019s": [173], "A-series": [174], "Google\u2019s": [176], "Tensor\u2014we": [177], "assess": [178], "like": [180], "gating,": [182], "software-hardware": [183], "co-design,": [184], "runtime": [186], "energy-aware": [187], "scheduling": [188], "contribute": [190], "reduced": [192], "consumption.": [194], "concludes": [197], "efficiency": [200], "demands": [204], "holistic": [206], "co-design": [207], "approach,": [208], "integrating": [209], "innovations": [210], "architecture,": [213], "compiler": [214], "model": [218], "design.": [219], "also": [221], "discuss": [222], "emerging": [223], "trends": [224], "chiplet": [226], "architectures,": [227], "3D": [228], "integration,": [229], "neuromorphic": [231], "designs": [232], "promise": [234], "further": [235], "gains": [236], "efficiency.": [239], "study": [241], "aims": [242], "guide": [244], "future": [245], "efforts": [246], "building": [248], "intelligent,": [249], "energy-conscious": [250]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.42239999771118164, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10363", "display_name": "Low-power high-performance VLSI design", "score": 0.42239999771118164, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2208", "display_name": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.2467000037431717, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.22849999368190765, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.54660/.ijmrge.2025.6.2.1892-1897", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2025.6.2.1892-1897", "pdf_url": "https://www.allmultidisciplinaryjournal.com/uploads/archives/20250729162057_MGE-2025-4-093.1 (2).pdf", "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210181739", "display_name": "International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation", "issn_l": "2582-7138", "issn": ["2582-7138"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "listed_in": [], "host_organization": null, "host_organization_name": null, "host_organization_lineage": [], "host_organization_lineage_names": [], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4406825384", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3715122", "title": "Automatic Generation of Fast and Accurate Performance Models for Deep Neural Network Accelerators", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-01-25", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5069328202", "display_name": "Konstantin L\u00fcbeck", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-5881", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-5881"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I8087733", "display_name": "University of T\u00fcbingen", "ror": "https://ror.org/03a1kwz48", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Konstantin L\u00fcbeck", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-5881", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": null, "display_name": "Alexander Louis-Ferdinand Jung", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5702-5768", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5702-5768"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I8087733", "display_name": "University of T\u00fcbingen", "ror": "https://ror.org/03a1kwz48", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Alexander Louis-Ferdinand Jung", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5702-5768", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045329350", "display_name": "Felix Wedlich", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2632-7078", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2632-7078"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I8087733", "display_name": "University of T\u00fcbingen", "ror": "https://ror.org/03a1kwz48", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Felix Wedlich", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2632-7078", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5111123870", "display_name": "Mika Markus M\u00fcller", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3471-7560", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3471-7560"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I8087733", "display_name": "University of T\u00fcbingen", "ror": "https://ror.org/03a1kwz48", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Mika Markus M\u00fcller", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3471-7560", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5021702622", "display_name": "Federico Nicol\u00e1s Peccia", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3587-0415", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3587-0415"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I143379178", "display_name": "FZI Research Center for Information Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04kdh6x72", "country_code": "DE", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Federico Nicol\u00e1s Peccia", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["FZI, Karlsruhe, Germany", "FZI,  Karlsruhe, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3587-0415", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "FZI, Karlsruhe, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "FZI,  Karlsruhe, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5093577302", "display_name": "Felix Th\u00f6mmes", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0885-5424", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0885-5424"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I143379178", "display_name": "FZI Research Center for Information Technology", "ror": "https://ror.org/04kdh6x72", "country_code": "DE", "type": "nonprofit", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Felix Th\u00f6mmes", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["FZI, Karlsruhe, Germany", "FZI,  Karlsruhe, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0885-5424", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "FZI, Karlsruhe, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "FZI,  Karlsruhe, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5099124256", "display_name": "Jannik Steinmetz", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7193-5620", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7193-5620"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I8087733", "display_name": "University of T\u00fcbingen", "ror": "https://ror.org/03a1kwz48", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Jannik Steinmetz", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7193-5620", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5114367781", "display_name": "Valentin Biermaier", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9428-9085", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9428-9085"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I8087733", "display_name": "University of T\u00fcbingen", "ror": "https://ror.org/03a1kwz48", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Valentin Biermaier", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9428-9085", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5041394449", "display_name": "Adrian Frischknecht", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1795-0948", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1795-0948"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I8087733", "display_name": "University of T\u00fcbingen", "ror": "https://ror.org/03a1kwz48", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Adrian Frischknecht", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1795-0948", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5007898502", "display_name": "Paul Palomero Bernardo", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6642-3976", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6642-3976"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I8087733", "display_name": "University of T\u00fcbingen", "ror": "https://ror.org/03a1kwz48", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Paul Palomero Bernardo", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6642-3976", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5074802358", "display_name": "Oliver Bringmann", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1615-507X", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1615-507X"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I8087733", "display_name": "University of T\u00fcbingen", "ror": "https://ror.org/03a1kwz48", "country_code": "DE", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}], "countries": ["DE"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Oliver Bringmann", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"], "raw_orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1615-507X", "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Embedded Systems, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": {"Implementing": [0], "Deep": [1], "Neural": [2], "Networks": [3], "(DNNs)": [4], "on": [5], "resource-constrained": [6], "edge": [7], "devices": [8], "is": [9], "a": [10, 20, 52, 80, 94, 123], "challenging": [11], "task": [12], "that": [13], "requires": [14], "tailored": [15], "hardware": [16], "accelerator": [17, 61, 65], "architectures": [18], "and": [19, 58, 79, 129], "clear": [21], "understanding": [22], "of": [23, 51, 134], "their": [24], "performance": [25, 44, 117], "characteristics": [26], "when": [27], "executing": [28], "the": [29, 49, 104, 116], "intended": [30], "AI": [31], "workload.": [32], "To": [33], "facilitate": [34], "this,": [35], "we": [36, 69, 92], "present": [37], "an": [38, 150], "automated": [39], "generation": [40], "approach": [41], "for": [42, 88, 118], "fast": [43], "models": [45, 131], "to": [46, 107, 114], "accurately": [47], "estimate": [48, 115], "latency": [50], "DNN": [53, 72, 86], "mapped": [54], "onto": [55], "systematically": [56], "modeled": [57, 70, 90], "concisely": [59], "described": [60], "architectures.": [62], "Using": [63], "our": [64], "architecture": [66], "description": [67], "method,": [68], "representative": [71], "accelerators": [73], "such": [74], "as": [75], "Gemmini,": [76], "UltraTrail,": [77], "Plasticine-derived,": [78], "parameterizable": [81], "systolic": [82], "array.": [83], "Together": [84], "with": [85, 141], "mappings": [87], "those": [89], "architectures,": [91], "perform": [93], "combined": [95], "DNN/hardware": [96], "dependency": [97], "graph": [98], "analysis,": [99], "which": [100], "enables": [101], "us,": [102], "in": [103, 132], "best": [105], "case,": [106], "evaluate": [108], "only": [109], "154": [110], "loop": [111], "kernel": [112], "iterations": [113], "4.19": [119], "billion": [120], "instructions": [121], "achieving": [122], "significant": [124], "speedup.": [125], "We": [126], "outperform": [127], "regression": [128], "analytical": [130], "terms": [133], "mean": [135], "absolute": [136], "percentage": [137], "error": [138], "(MAPE)": [139], "compared": [140], "simulation": [142], "results,": [143], "while": [144], "being": [145], "several": [146], "magnitudes": [147], "faster": [148], "than": [149], "RTL": [151], "simulation.": [152]}, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.7192000150680542, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.7192000150680542, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.12630000710487366, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.11599999666213989, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1145/3715122", "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/3715122", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S136160450", "display_name": "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems", "issn_l": "1539-9087", "issn": ["1539-9087", "1558-3465"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-1", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319798", "host_organization_name": "Association for Computing Machinery", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Association for Computing Machinery"], "type": "journal"}, "license": "cc-by-sa", "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa", "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 1, "is_retracted": false}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/W4411555382", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-025-09448-6", "title": "Challenges of neural network accelerators for aeronautics\u2014position paper", "publication_year": 2025, "publication_date": "2025-06-01", "type": "article", "language": "en", "authorships": [{"author_position": "first", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5085664163", "display_name": "Benjamin Lesage", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8735-1071", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8735-1071"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I277688954", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay", "ror": "https://ror.org/03xjwb503", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801658355", "display_name": "Office National d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales", "ror": "https://ror.org/005y2ap84", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405270195", "display_name": "D\u00e9partement Traitement de l\u2019Information et Syst\u00e8mes", "ror": "https://ror.org/007f6df69", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801658355", "https://openalex.org/I4405270195"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Benjamin Lesage", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Office National d\u2019\u00e9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales, Palaiseau, France", "DTIS, ONERA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] (91120 Palaiseau - France)"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Office National d\u2019\u00e9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales, Palaiseau, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "DTIS, ONERA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] (91120 Palaiseau - France)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I277688954", "https://openalex.org/I2801658355", "https://openalex.org/I4405270195"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5091837805", "display_name": "Adrien Gauffriau", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I112991645", "display_name": "Airbus (France)", "ror": "https://ror.org/023qdcg29", "country_code": "FR", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I112991645", "https://openalex.org/I4210121748"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Adrien Gauffriau", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Airbus (France), Toulouse, France", "Airbus [France] (France)"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Airbus (France), Toulouse, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I112991645"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "Airbus [France] (France)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I112991645"]}]}, {"author_position": "middle", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5081391554", "display_name": "Claire Pagetti", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7265-1839", "observed_orcids": ["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7265-1839"]}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I277688954", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay", "ror": "https://ror.org/03xjwb503", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801658355", "display_name": "Office National d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales", "ror": "https://ror.org/005y2ap84", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405270195", "display_name": "D\u00e9partement Traitement de l\u2019Information et Syst\u00e8mes", "ror": "https://ror.org/007f6df69", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801658355", "https://openalex.org/I4405270195"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Claire Pagetti", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Office National d\u2019\u00e9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales, Palaiseau, France", "DTIS, ONERA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] (91120 Palaiseau - France)"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Office National d\u2019\u00e9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales, Palaiseau, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "DTIS, ONERA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] (91120 Palaiseau - France)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I277688954", "https://openalex.org/I2801658355", "https://openalex.org/I4405270195"]}]}, {"author_position": "last", "author": {"id": "https://openalex.org/A5053690250", "display_name": "Nicolas Valot", "orcid": null, "observed_orcids": []}, "institutions": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/I112991645", "display_name": "Airbus (France)", "ror": "https://ror.org/023qdcg29", "country_code": "FR", "type": "company", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I112991645", "https://openalex.org/I4210121748"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I277688954", "display_name": "Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay", "ror": "https://ror.org/03xjwb503", "country_code": "FR", "type": "education", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801658355", "display_name": "Office National d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales", "ror": "https://ror.org/005y2ap84", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/I4405270195", "display_name": "D\u00e9partement Traitement de l\u2019Information et Syst\u00e8mes", "ror": "https://ror.org/007f6df69", "country_code": "FR", "type": "facility", "lineage": ["https://openalex.org/I2801658355", "https://openalex.org/I4405270195"]}], "countries": ["FR"], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Nicolas Valot", "raw_affiliation_strings": ["Airbus (France), Toulouse, France", "DTIS, ONERA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] (91120 Palaiseau - France)"], "raw_orcid": null, "affiliations": [{"raw_affiliation_string": "Airbus (France), Toulouse, France", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I112991645"]}, {"raw_affiliation_string": "DTIS, ONERA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay [Palaiseau] (91120 Palaiseau - France)", "institution_ids": ["https://openalex.org/I277688954", "https://openalex.org/I2801658355", "https://openalex.org/I4405270195"]}]}], "abstract_inverted_index": null, "primary_topic": {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.4496999979019165, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, "topics": [{"id": "https://openalex.org/T10036", "display_name": "Advanced Neural Network Applications", "score": 0.4496999979019165, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1707", "display_name": "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10054", "display_name": "Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques", "score": 0.20909999310970306, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}, {"id": "https://openalex.org/T10904", "display_name": "Embedded Systems Design Techniques", "score": 0.20029999315738678, "subfield": {"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1708", "display_name": "Hardware and Architecture"}, "field": {"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science"}, "domain": {"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences"}}], "primary_location": {"id": "doi:10.1007/s11241-025-09448-6", "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-025-09448-6", "pdf_url": null, "source": {"id": "https://openalex.org/S183885566", "display_name": "Real-Time Systems", "issn_l": "0922-6443", "issn": ["0922-6443", "1573-1383"], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "listed_in": ["cwts-core", "jufo-2", "norway-1"], "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "host_organization_name": "Springer Science+Business Media", "host_organization_lineage": ["https://openalex.org/P4310319900", "https://openalex.org/P4310319965"], "host_organization_lineage_names": ["Springer Science+Business Media", "Springer Nature"], "type": "journal"}, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true, "raw_source_name": "Real-Time Systems", "raw_type": "journal-article"}, "cited_by_count": 0, "is_retracted": false}], "group_by": []}