{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229019592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2022.2071406","title":"Enhanced Model for Predicting Student Dropouts in Developing Countries Using Automated Machine Learning Approach: A Case of Tanzanian\u2019s Secondary Schools","display_name":"Enhanced Model for Predicting Student Dropouts in Developing Countries Using Automated Machine Learning Approach: A Case of Tanzanian\u2019s Secondary Schools","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229019592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2022.2071406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2022.2071406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2022.2071406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2022.2071406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2022.2071406","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013723788","display_name":"Yuda N. Mnyawami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-5994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-5994"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182078086","display_name":"University of Dar es Salaam","ror":"https://ror.org/0479aed98","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuda N. Mnyawami","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dar Es Salaam","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Information and Communication Technologies, University of Dar Es Salaam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-5994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dar Es Salaam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Information and Communication Technologies, University of Dar Es Salaam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011515293","display_name":"Hellen H. Maziku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5326-8962","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5326-8962"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182078086","display_name":"University of Dar es Salaam","ror":"https://ror.org/0479aed98","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hellen H. Maziku","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dar Es Salaam","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Information and Communication Technologies, University of Dar Es Salaam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dar Es Salaam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Information and Communication Technologies, University of Dar Es Salaam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051605569","display_name":"Joseph Cosmas Mushi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4095-0433","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4095-0433"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182078086","display_name":"University of Dar es Salaam","ror":"https://ror.org/0479aed98","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph C. Mushi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dar Es Salaam","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Information and Communication Technologies, University of Dar Es Salaam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dar Es Salaam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Information and Communication Technologies, University of Dar Es Salaam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013723788"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"fwci":5.8115,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96034978,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13929","display_name":"Educational Outcomes and Influences","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-dropout-prediction","display_name":"student dropout prediction","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-school-dropout","display_name":"secondary school dropout","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-machine-learning","display_name":"automated machine learning","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"feature selection","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter-optimization","display_name":"hyperparameter optimization","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-intervention","display_name":"early intervention","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanzania","display_name":"Tanzania","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.6380000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","level":2,"score":0.7904345989227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.6406336426734924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6359871029853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780505938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093282","display_name":"Unavailability","level":2,"score":0.5721168518066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5436472296714783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47692033648490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4545712471008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4323025941848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20555606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868575","display_name":"Empowerment","level":2,"score":0.4258425831794739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16257652640342712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1010873019695282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2022.2071406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2022.2071406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2022.2071406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c0d75cd9c5444a4d85047d2de938ad50","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c0d75cd9c5444a4d85047d2de938ad50","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence, Vol 36, Iss 1 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2022.2071406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2022.2071406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2022.2071406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.41999998688697815}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966936020","https://openalex.org/W2103355015","https://openalex.org/W2109293916","https://openalex.org/W2119479037","https://openalex.org/W2161136893","https://openalex.org/W2165533158","https://openalex.org/W2218710975","https://openalex.org/W2417099279","https://openalex.org/W2563345517","https://openalex.org/W2588330427","https://openalex.org/W2606494063","https://openalex.org/W2769280541","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2925507233","https://openalex.org/W2946597222","https://openalex.org/W2961331617","https://openalex.org/W2964663964","https://openalex.org/W2965075997","https://openalex.org/W2966284335","https://openalex.org/W2967663220","https://openalex.org/W2998004611","https://openalex.org/W3001966200","https://openalex.org/W3003555941","https://openalex.org/W3004639570","https://openalex.org/W3009294386","https://openalex.org/W3009852048","https://openalex.org/W3010850044","https://openalex.org/W3033065381","https://openalex.org/W3045004532","https://openalex.org/W3045065095","https://openalex.org/W3108883341","https://openalex.org/W3120397982","https://openalex.org/W3127251420","https://openalex.org/W3132046814","https://openalex.org/W3158768135","https://openalex.org/W3170657538","https://openalex.org/W3172545305","https://openalex.org/W3177445818","https://openalex.org/W3182952703","https://openalex.org/W3190889748","https://openalex.org/W4206663195","https://openalex.org/W4214562291","https://openalex.org/W4231722212","https://openalex.org/W4249493403","https://openalex.org/W6616000528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237235066","https://openalex.org/W207884067","https://openalex.org/W3127016596","https://openalex.org/W2026539069","https://openalex.org/W2365973415","https://openalex.org/W3146085540","https://openalex.org/W1482423459","https://openalex.org/W2996457675","https://openalex.org/W2129918226","https://openalex.org/W2965142558"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,73,179,201],"Sub-Saharan":[1],"countries":[2],"are":[3],"leading":[4],"in":[5,8,22,28,34,38,78,121,144,219,223],"dropout":[6,65,69,75,214],"rates":[7],"secondary":[9,29,54,79,123],"schools":[10,30,80],"by":[11,14,166],"37.5%":[12],"followed":[13],"South":[15],"Asia":[16],"15.5%":[17],"and":[18,53,92,136,172,197],"Middle":[19],"East":[20],"11%":[21],"2018.":[23],"In":[24,108,153],"Tanzania,":[25],"student":[26,64,151,213],"dropouts":[27],"increased":[31],"from":[32,133],"3.8%":[33],"2018":[35],"to":[36,62,83,101,140,162],"4.2%":[37],"2019.":[39],"Different":[40],"initiatives":[41],"such":[42],"as":[43],"parent-workshops,":[44],"parent-teacher":[45],"meetings,":[46],"community":[47],"empowerment":[48],"programs,":[49,52],"school":[50,124],"feed":[51],"education":[55],"development":[56],"program":[57],"(SEDP)":[58],"have":[59,116],"been":[60,160],"used":[61,100,161],"address":[63],"but":[66],"unfortunately,":[67],"the":[68,103,106,129,146,150,156,168,176,224],"problem":[70,76],"still":[71],"persists.":[72],"persisting":[74],"especially":[77],"is":[81],"attributed":[82],"a":[84,118,183,220],"lack":[85],"of":[86,89,94,105,128,149,187,209],"proper":[87],"identification":[88],"root":[90,147],"causes":[91,148],"unavailability":[93],"formal":[95],"methods":[96],"that":[97,211,215],"can":[98,216],"be":[99,217],"project":[102],"severity":[104],"problem.":[107],"addressing":[109],"this":[110,154],"problem,":[111],"machine":[112],"learning":[113,225],"(ML)":[114],"techniques":[115],"done":[117],"great":[119],"job":[120],"predicting":[122],"dropouts.":[125],"However,":[126],"most":[127],"ML":[130,173],"models":[131],"suffer":[132],"processing":[134],"features,":[135,171],"hyper-parameters":[137],"tuning":[138],"leads":[139],"poor":[141],"prediction":[142,164,185,203],"accuracy":[143,165,186],"identifying":[145],"dropout.":[152],"study,":[155],"AutoML":[157],"model":[158,181],"has":[159],"improve":[163],"selecting":[167],"corresponding":[169],"hyper-parameters,":[170],"algorithm":[174],"for":[175,227],"acquired":[177],"dataset.":[178],"proposed":[180],"achieved":[182],"better":[184],"DT":[188],"=":[189,192,195,199],"99.8%,":[190],"KNN":[191],"99.6%,":[193],"MLP":[194],"99%":[196],"NB":[198],"97%.":[200],"improved":[202],"score":[204],"indicates":[205],"an":[206],"accurate":[207],"selection":[208],"features":[210],"cause":[212],"looked":[218],"close":[221],"eye":[222],"process":[226],"early":[228],"intervention.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-03T13:16:28.481748","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
