{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164543695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2026.116879","title":"Grain boundary segregation of tramp elements and embrittlement of scrap-based green steels","display_name":"Grain boundary segregation of tramp elements and embrittlement of scrap-based green steels","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164543695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2026.116879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2026.116879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2026.116879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2026.116879","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127526014541/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8792693","display_name":"Materials & Design","issn_l":"0264-1275","issn":["0264-1275","1873-4197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials &amp; Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127526014541/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056764833","display_name":"Nikolaus Kostwein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0273-9378","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0273-9378"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182712176","display_name":"Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhfw393","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaus Kostwein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Christian Doppler Laboratory for Knowledge-based Design of Advanced Steels, Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben, Franz Josef-Stra\u00dfe 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Knowledge-based Design of Advanced Steels, Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben, Franz Josef-Stra\u00dfe 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027633750","display_name":"Amin Sakic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0916-1372","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0916-1372"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182712176","display_name":"Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhfw393","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Reiners-Sakic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben, Franz Josef-Stra\u00dfe 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben, Franz Josef-Stra\u00dfe 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033719250","display_name":"David Obersteiner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-3269","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-3269"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182712176","display_name":"Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhfw393","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Obersteiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben, Franz Josef-Stra\u00dfe 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-3269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben, Franz Josef-Stra\u00dfe 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026690802","display_name":"Srikakulapu Kiranbabu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-4230","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-4230"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182712176","display_name":"Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhfw393","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srikakulapu Kiranbabu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Christian Doppler Laboratory for Knowledge-based Design of Advanced Steels, Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben, Franz Josef-Stra\u00dfe 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-4230","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Knowledge-based Design of Advanced Steels, Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben, Franz Josef-Stra\u00dfe 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056300100","display_name":"\u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0413\u043b\u0443\u0448\u043a\u043e","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8084-2184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8084-2184"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182712176","display_name":"Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhfw393","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oleksandr Glushko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Christian Doppler Laboratory for Knowledge-based Design of Advanced Steels, Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben, Franz Josef-Stra\u00dfe 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8084-2184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Knowledge-based Design of Advanced Steels, Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben, Franz Josef-Stra\u00dfe 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014553592","display_name":"Christian Hoflehner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1248-3148","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1248-3148"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67120841","display_name":"Voestalpine (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kgqpx54","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Hoflehner","raw_affiliation_strings":["voestalpine Stahl GmbH, Voestalpine-Stra\u00dfe 3, 4020 Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1248-3148","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"voestalpine Stahl GmbH, Voestalpine-Stra\u00dfe 3, 4020 Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028696145","display_name":"Markus Sonnleitner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3616-5734","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3616-5734"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67120841","display_name":"Voestalpine (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kgqpx54","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Sonnleitner","raw_affiliation_strings":["voestalpine Stahl GmbH, Voestalpine-Stra\u00dfe 3, 4020 Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"voestalpine Stahl GmbH, Voestalpine-Stra\u00dfe 3, 4020 Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67120841"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088298980","display_name":"David Holec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3516-1061","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3516-1061"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182712176","display_name":"Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhfw393","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Holec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben, Franz Josef-Stra\u00dfe 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3516-1061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben, Franz Josef-Stra\u00dfe 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056652458","display_name":"Ronald Schnitzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-9051","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-9051"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182712176","display_name":"Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhfw393","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Schnitzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Christian Doppler Laboratory for Knowledge-based Design of Advanced Steels, Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben, Franz Josef-Stra\u00dfe 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-9051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Knowledge-based Design of Advanced Steels, Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversit\u00e4t Leoben, Franz Josef-Stra\u00dfe 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056764833"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182712176"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"fwci":3.1948,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87861951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"270","issue":null,"first_page":"116879","last_page":"116879"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10386","display_name":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","score":0.9193999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10386","display_name":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","score":0.9193999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.02250000089406967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10592","display_name":"Fusion materials and technologies","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tramp-elements","display_name":"tramp elements","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-boundary-segregation","display_name":"grain boundary segregation","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steel-embrittlement","display_name":"steel embrittlement","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-steel","display_name":"green steel","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/51crv4-steel","display_name":"51CrV4 steel","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tin","display_name":"tin","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimony","display_name":"antimony","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper","display_name":"copper","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nickel","display_name":"nickel","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-energy","display_name":"impact energy","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quenching-and-tempering","display_name":"quenching and tempering","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segregation-energy","display_name":"segregation energy","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interstitial-segregation","display_name":"interstitial segregation","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steel-recycling","display_name":"steel recycling","score":0.39899998903274536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780940892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1965933","display_name":"Tramp","level":4,"score":0.8712000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142282041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919530","display_name":"Embrittlement","level":2,"score":0.8658000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47908070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900515","display_name":"Grain boundary","level":3,"score":0.8263999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7839000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.7414000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776752086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17097288","display_name":"Liquid metal embrittlement","level":4,"score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16876290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757649","display_name":"Atom probe","level":3,"score":0.42260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96288455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487286","display_name":"Austenite","level":3,"score":0.41510000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779930716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046572","display_name":"Intergranular fracture","level":4,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184102282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600055","display_name":"Intergranular corrosion","level":3,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501308230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618","display_name":"Boron","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152365726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048589","display_name":"Density functional theory","level":2,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99679407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56761637","display_name":"Substructure","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779229422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3604146","display_name":"Austenitic stainless steel","level":3,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192191005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466491","display_name":"Grain size","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2026.116879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2026.116879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2026.116879","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127526014541/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8792693","display_name":"Materials & Design","issn_l":"0264-1275","issn":["0264-1275","1873-4197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials &amp; Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.6928459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6928459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6928459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bib-pubdb1.desy.de:653654","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/653654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401389","display_name":"DESY (CERN, DESY, Fermilab, IHEP, and SLAC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Materials and design 270, 116879 (2026). doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2026.116879","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a207f540a0dc46f8af67f48cb1444624","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a207f540a0dc46f8af67f48cb1444624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Materials & Design, Vol 270, Iss , Pp 116879- (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.3204/pubdb-2026-02966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2026-02966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2026-02966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400383","display_name":"DESY Publication Database (PUBDB) (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801876189","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801876189"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2026.116879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2026.116879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2026.116879","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127526014541/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8792693","display_name":"Materials & Design","issn_l":"0264-1275","issn":["0264-1275","1873-4197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials &amp; Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311813","display_name":"\u00d6sterreichische Nationalstiftung f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung","ror":"https://ror.org/04hb33h70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323591","display_name":"Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv8h305"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334759","display_name":"Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron","ror":"https://ror.org/01js2sh04"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7164543695.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7164543695.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W285749399","https://openalex.org/W328094705","https://openalex.org/W1789451145","https://openalex.org/W1955431138","https://openalex.org/W1975550962","https://openalex.org/W1979544533","https://openalex.org/W1981368803","https://openalex.org/W1983524168","https://openalex.org/W1984933928","https://openalex.org/W1990565743","https://openalex.org/W2003974398","https://openalex.org/W2007395042","https://openalex.org/W2025146714","https://openalex.org/W2029458395","https://openalex.org/W2043562339","https://openalex.org/W2052246016","https://openalex.org/W2054774638","https://openalex.org/W2060837340","https://openalex.org/W2072191633","https://openalex.org/W2083222334","https://openalex.org/W2117152322","https://openalex.org/W2117662984","https://openalex.org/W2131495664","https://openalex.org/W2230728100","https://openalex.org/W2342786893","https://openalex.org/W2373813831","https://openalex.org/W2417712080","https://openalex.org/W2607821168","https://openalex.org/W2610785841","https://openalex.org/W2753411228","https://openalex.org/W2793533078","https://openalex.org/W2810715353","https://openalex.org/W2981318343","https://openalex.org/W2982169607","https://openalex.org/W2996349314","https://openalex.org/W3012503812","https://openalex.org/W3081882204","https://openalex.org/W3194777057","https://openalex.org/W4223952489","https://openalex.org/W4234808568","https://openalex.org/W4248872403","https://openalex.org/W4281251728","https://openalex.org/W4292566444","https://openalex.org/W4308190804","https://openalex.org/W4310082069","https://openalex.org/W4313367092","https://openalex.org/W4327731532","https://openalex.org/W4327918534","https://openalex.org/W4381051057","https://openalex.org/W4390967204","https://openalex.org/W4392489673","https://openalex.org/W4396213528","https://openalex.org/W4399201380","https://openalex.org/W4399724808","https://openalex.org/W4401237327","https://openalex.org/W4412026772","https://openalex.org/W7116658955"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7211919686","https://openalex.org/W4391407320","https://openalex.org/W7160258395","https://openalex.org/W2067849386","https://openalex.org/W4413787807","https://openalex.org/W4410892126","https://openalex.org/W2562931048","https://openalex.org/W7084208367","https://openalex.org/W3192380377","https://openalex.org/W2514800991"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Growing":[0],"reliance":[1],"on":[2,138],"scrap":[3],"recycling":[4],"in":[5,35,97,109,185,198],"green":[6],"steel":[7,38,201],"production":[8],"can":[9,22,163],"increase":[10],"concentrations":[11],"of":[12,27,101,133,149,182,188],"tramp":[13,32,47,183],"elements":[14,170,184],"like":[15],"Sn,":[16,79,135],"Sb,":[17,80],"Cu,":[18,134],"and":[19,52,57,63,81,90,117,136,191],"Ni,":[20],"which":[21],"degrade":[23],"the":[24,130,180,186],"mechanical":[25],"performance":[26],"steels.":[28],"This":[29,175],"study":[30,176],"examines":[31],"element":[33,48],"effects":[34,132,197],"a":[36],"51CrV4":[37],"under":[39],"simulated":[40],"industrial":[41],"processing":[42],"conditions.":[43],"Alloys":[44],"with":[45,154],"varying":[46],"contents":[49],"were":[50,73,83],"quenched":[51],"tempered":[53],"at":[54],"450":[55],"\u00b0C":[56],"650":[58],"\u00b0C.":[59],"Atom":[60],"probe":[61],"tomography":[62],"high-energy":[64],"X-ray":[65],"diffraction,":[66],"supported":[67],"by":[68],"density":[69],"functional":[70,123],"theory":[71,124],"calculations,":[72],"used":[74],"to":[75,85,87,91,103],"establish":[76],"processing-structure\u2013property":[77],"relationships.":[78],"Cu":[82],"found":[84],"segregate":[86],"grain":[88,120],"boundaries":[89],"be":[92],"primarily":[93],"responsible":[94],"for":[95,169,194],"reductions":[96],"absorbed":[98],"impact":[99],"energy":[100],"up":[102],"60":[104],"%.":[105],"No":[106],"measurable":[107],"difference":[108],"segregation":[110,152,156,166],"behavior":[111],"was":[112],"established":[113],"between":[114],"general":[115],"high-angle":[116],"prior":[118],"austenitic":[119],"boundaries.":[121],"Density":[122],"supports":[125],"these":[126],"findings,":[127],"showing":[128],"that":[129,159],"combined":[131],"Sb":[137],"grain-boundary":[139,173],"cohesion":[140],"are":[141],"more":[142],"detrimental":[143],"than":[144],"their":[145,196],"individual":[146],"contributions.":[147],"Comparison":[148],"experimentally":[150],"measured":[151],"enrichment":[153],"first-principles":[155],"energies":[157],"demonstrates":[158],"ab":[160],"initio":[161],"calculations":[162],"reliably":[164],"capture":[165],"trends,":[167],"except":[168],"involving":[171],"interstitial":[172],"positions.":[174],"provides":[177],"insights":[178],"into":[179],"role":[181],"embrittlement":[187],"modern":[189],"steels":[190],"offers":[192],"guidance":[193],"mitigating":[195],"future":[199],"scrap-based":[200],"production.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-06-13T00:00:00"}
