{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386378802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.254","title":"Hydrogen direct reduction and reoxidation behaviour of high-grade pellets","display_name":"Hydrogen direct reduction and reoxidation behaviour of high-grade pellets","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386378802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48860480","display_name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","issn_l":"0360-3199","issn":["0360-3199","1879-3487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.254","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032983418","display_name":"Pasquale Cavaliere","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-1483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142910587","display_name":"University of Salento","ror":"https://ror.org/03fc1k060","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142910587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096856","display_name":"Innovation Engineering (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00sxjp357","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pasquale Cavaliere","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-1483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142910587","https://openalex.org/I4210096856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092731283","display_name":"Leandro Dijon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leandro Dijon","raw_affiliation_strings":["VALE, Route de Pallatex 29 St-Prex, 1162, Losanna, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VALE, Route de Pallatex 29 St-Prex, 1162, Losanna, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077716908","display_name":"Aleksandra Laska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4872-3959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandra Laska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gda\u0144sk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4872-3959","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048902216","display_name":"Damian Koszelow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1709-216X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damian Koszelow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Materials Centre, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, 80-233, Gda\u0144sk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1709-216X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Materials Centre, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, 80-233, Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032983418"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142910587","https://openalex.org/I4210096856"],"apc_list":{"value":3250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3250},"apc_paid":{"value":3250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3250},"fwci":4.8827,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96800473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":null,"first_page":"1235","last_page":"1254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11837","display_name":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11837","display_name":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pellets","display_name":"Pellets","score":0.9761092662811279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen","display_name":"Hydrogen","score":0.688883900642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity","display_name":"Porosity","score":0.5919989943504333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bar","display_name":"Bar (unit)","score":0.5687428712844849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tortuosity","display_name":"Tortuosity","score":0.548708438873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reducing-atmosphere","display_name":"Reducing atmosphere","score":0.5357401371002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.5189639925956726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pellet","display_name":"Pellet","score":0.47186750173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4401400089263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.43229907751083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmosphere","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","score":0.43051183223724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.42364686727523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.2848055958747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.16892600059509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.11170244216918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry","display_name":"Organic chemistry","score":0.06776067614555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.06044331192970276}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780584874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575866","display_name":"Pellets","level":2,"score":0.9761092662811279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.688883900642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.5919989943504333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188721877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103510","display_name":"Bar (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5687428712844849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185250623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683","display_name":"Tortuosity","level":3,"score":0.548708438873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186966370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7306351","display_name":"Reducing atmosphere","level":2,"score":0.5357401371002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5189639925956726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527229","display_name":"Pellet","level":2,"score":0.47186750173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4401400089263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.43229907751083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.43051183223724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.42364686727523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.2848055958747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.16892600059509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.11170244216918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.06776067614555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.06044331192970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48860480","display_name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","issn_l":"0360-3199","issn":["0360-3199","1879-3487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48860480","display_name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","issn_l":"0360-3199","issn":["0360-3199","1879-3487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331528","display_name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0341vw408"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970023471","https://openalex.org/W1972173749","https://openalex.org/W2013108753","https://openalex.org/W2036373072","https://openalex.org/W2064816107","https://openalex.org/W2076736149","https://openalex.org/W2115360139","https://openalex.org/W2144800244","https://openalex.org/W2333924564","https://openalex.org/W2523782909","https://openalex.org/W2768485837","https://openalex.org/W2789839831","https://openalex.org/W2799360584","https://openalex.org/W2885301852","https://openalex.org/W2891200410","https://openalex.org/W2900998838","https://openalex.org/W2912864681","https://openalex.org/W2969900502","https://openalex.org/W2996439432","https://openalex.org/W3011896779","https://openalex.org/W3025833334","https://openalex.org/W3103530855","https://openalex.org/W3137306733","https://openalex.org/W3154938422","https://openalex.org/W3157135798","https://openalex.org/W3175903370","https://openalex.org/W3214421734","https://openalex.org/W4200408617","https://openalex.org/W4205889763","https://openalex.org/W4214732627","https://openalex.org/W4220775304","https://openalex.org/W4224105142","https://openalex.org/W4225555937","https://openalex.org/W4225687730","https://openalex.org/W4242197556","https://openalex.org/W4283123973","https://openalex.org/W4283277284","https://openalex.org/W4283773903","https://openalex.org/W4288457040","https://openalex.org/W4291128214","https://openalex.org/W4292541594","https://openalex.org/W4298274045","https://openalex.org/W4307476012","https://openalex.org/W4310479495","https://openalex.org/W4314945958","https://openalex.org/W4315782530","https://openalex.org/W4322759612","https://openalex.org/W4324381011","https://openalex.org/W4362555190","https://openalex.org/W4362721802","https://openalex.org/W4376274821","https://openalex.org/W4377139357","https://openalex.org/W6727378481","https://openalex.org/W6766252840","https://openalex.org/W6766526942","https://openalex.org/W6766590611","https://openalex.org/W6811101081","https://openalex.org/W6811421947","https://openalex.org/W6851641318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166781872","https://openalex.org/W2906881479","https://openalex.org/W2233064650","https://openalex.org/W2044376814","https://openalex.org/W2624585365","https://openalex.org/W1966088728","https://openalex.org/W2754266464","https://openalex.org/W2204244505","https://openalex.org/W2297136698","https://openalex.org/W4311616319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"grade":[1],"pellets":[2,34,52,90,101],"with":[3,63],"basicity":[4],"index":[5],"close":[6],"to":[7,59,84,114,121],"0.5":[8],"were":[9,19,102],"directly":[10],"reduced":[11,47],"in":[12,21,43,67,104],"pure":[13],"hydrogen":[14],"atmosphere.":[15],"The":[16,33],"reduction":[17,91,96],"experiments":[18],"performed":[20],"the":[22,28,44,51,68,74,89,95,100,105,117,129],"temperature":[23,106],"range":[24,107],"800\u20131000":[25],"\u00b0C":[26,109,116],"at":[27],"pressure":[29],"of":[30,56],"8":[31],"bar.":[32],"internal":[35],"structure":[36],"was":[37],"analysed":[38],"through":[39],"micro":[40],"tomography":[41],"observations":[42],"unreduced":[45],"and":[46,71],"conditions.":[48,97],"After":[49,98],"reduction,":[50,99],"showed":[53,132],"a":[54,64,133],"variation":[55],"porosity":[57],"up":[58],"more":[60],"than":[61],"15%":[62],"remarkable":[65,135],"change":[66],"pore":[69],"dimensions":[70],"aspect.":[72],"Given":[73],"pores":[75],"aspect":[76],"variations,":[77],"tortuosity":[78],"strongly":[79],"varied.":[80],"This":[81],"is":[82],"believed":[83],"have":[85],"large":[86],"influence":[87],"on":[88,94],"kinetics":[92],"depending":[93],"re-oxidized":[103],"200\u2013700":[108],"for":[110,126],"different":[111],"times.":[112],"Up":[113],"500":[115],"weight":[118],"increase":[119],"due":[120],"oxidation":[122],"resulted":[123],"very":[124,134],"slow,":[125],"higher":[127],"temperatures":[128],"re-oxidation":[130],"behaviour":[131],"acceleration.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-29T07:29:34.045763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}