{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388638697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1288438","title":"Influence of spatial frequency in visual stimuli for cVEP-based BCIs: evaluation of performance and user experience","display_name":"Influence of spatial frequency in visual stimuli for cVEP-based BCIs: evaluation of performance and user experience","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388638697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1288438","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38021231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1288438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1288438","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1288438/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146364893","display_name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-5161","issn":["1662-5161"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1288438/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004432700","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro Fern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3421-976X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1lvaro Fern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["UMA-BCI Group, Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, Malaga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UMA-BCI Group, Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, Malaga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001195868","display_name":"V\u00edctor Mart\u00ednez-Cagigal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3822-1787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105141","display_name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gm5f004","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"V\u00edctor Mart\u00ednez-Cagigal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valladolid, Spain","Grupo de Ingenier\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grupo de Ingenier\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071071540","display_name":"Eduardo Santamar\u00eda-V\u00e1zquez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-4258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105141","display_name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gm5f004","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Santamar\u00eda-V\u00e1zquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valladolid, Spain","Grupo de Ingenier\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grupo de Ingenier\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086304352","display_name":"Ricardo Ron-Angev\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8721-0585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Ron-Angevin","raw_affiliation_strings":["UMA-BCI Group, Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, Malaga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UMA-BCI Group, Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, Malaga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043513390","display_name":"Roberto Hornero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9915-2570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105141","display_name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gm5f004","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Hornero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valladolid, Spain","Grupo de Ingenier\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105141"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grupo de Ingenier\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001195868","https://openalex.org/A5004432700"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353","https://openalex.org/I4210105141","https://openalex.org/I82767444"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":1.0223,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75731588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1288438","last_page":"1288438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/checkerboard","display_name":"Checkerboard","score":0.6396896839141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.5611433982849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","score":0.5454443693161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-frequency","display_name":"Spatial frequency","score":0.528007984161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-least-squares","display_name":"Total least squares","score":0.5225695371627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explained-sum-of-squares","display_name":"Explained sum of squares","score":0.5142097473144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-squares-function-approximation","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","score":0.43106675148010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.42085087299346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.38264167308807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3685876727104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.35969269275665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35964435338974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.35696619749069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.34491950273513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.336153119802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2843747138977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.21652057766914368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.1837787926197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.14286750555038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11605998873710632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.08379673957824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08248496055603027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779168147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460711","display_name":"Checkerboard","level":2,"score":0.6396896839141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.5611433982849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5454443693161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100921725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650811","display_name":"Spatial frequency","level":2,"score":0.528007984161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169241690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7828122","display_name":"Total least squares","level":3,"score":0.5225695371627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49847556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3964631","display_name":"Explained sum of squares","level":2,"score":0.5142097473144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9936470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510405","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","level":3,"score":0.43106675148010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42085087299346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.38264167308807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3685876727104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.35969269275665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35964435338974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.35696619749069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.34491950273513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.336153119802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2843747138977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.21652057766914368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.1837787926197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.14286750555038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11605998873710632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.08379673957824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08248496055603027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1288438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1288438","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1288438/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146364893","display_name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-5161","issn":["1662-5161"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38021231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38021231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in human neuroscience","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10667696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10667696","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10667696/pdf/fnhum-17-1288438.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Hum Neurosci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3277306178fd48ba9e4a203e4dd17e0b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3277306178fd48ba9e4a203e4dd17e0b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Vol 17 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1288438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1288438","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1288438/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146364893","display_name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","issn_l":"1662-5161","issn":["1662-5161"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2052406043","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-115468RB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2109386032","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-127261OB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3618234253","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-115468RB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4922769537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TED2021-129915B-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5296332496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTC2019-007350-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5805502524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5868384802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-127261OB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6589649124","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6703182206","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTC2019-007350-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7983269326","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-127261OB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311265","funder_display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311265","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323089","display_name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina","ror":"https://ror.org/01gm5f004"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325114","display_name":"Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02s8dab97"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328351","display_name":"Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02s8dab97"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334923","display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","ror":"https://ror.org/00ca2c886"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388638697.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2121483555","https://openalex.org/W2128637458","https://openalex.org/W2141073321","https://openalex.org/W2159314878","https://openalex.org/W2170968639","https://openalex.org/W2292015305","https://openalex.org/W2412430703","https://openalex.org/W2498264865","https://openalex.org/W2508611285","https://openalex.org/W2509434769","https://openalex.org/W2540507509","https://openalex.org/W2755139659","https://openalex.org/W2794480229","https://openalex.org/W2857197982","https://openalex.org/W2945222825","https://openalex.org/W2951373709","https://openalex.org/W3005093966","https://openalex.org/W3015466524","https://openalex.org/W3023060339","https://openalex.org/W3033098318","https://openalex.org/W3042782545","https://openalex.org/W3092359827","https://openalex.org/W3134488891","https://openalex.org/W3199757025","https://openalex.org/W3213822876","https://openalex.org/W4281483625","https://openalex.org/W4316654912","https://openalex.org/W4321765932","https://openalex.org/W4380853220","https://openalex.org/W6729624233","https://openalex.org/W6762940811"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2742783835","https://openalex.org/W1977407827","https://openalex.org/W1977063198","https://openalex.org/W1995579097","https://openalex.org/W2136618620","https://openalex.org/W1780286370","https://openalex.org/W1542672284","https://openalex.org/W2088138501","https://openalex.org/W2387406429","https://openalex.org/W3127498980"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code-modulated":[0],"visual":[1,22,53,67,97],"evoked":[2,23],"potentials":[3,24],"(c-VEPs)":[4],"are":[5,265],"an":[6,158],"innovative":[7],"control":[8],"signal":[9],"utilized":[10],"in":[11,56,99,157,195,224,296],"brain-computer":[12],"interfaces":[13],"(BCIs)":[14],"with":[15,108,242],"promising":[16],"performance.":[17],"Prior":[18],"studies":[19],"on":[20,76,169,202],"steady-state":[21],"(SSVEPs)":[25],"have":[26],"indicated":[27],"that":[28,288],"the":[29,45,48,52,70,82,90,258,274,289,297],"spatial":[30,93,110,205,271,290],"frequency":[31,42,94,291],"of":[32,47,60,66,73,84,92,95,164,218,237,246,299],"checkerboard-like":[33,96],"stimuli":[34,98],"influences":[35],"both":[36,263],"performance":[37,196],"and":[38,147,178,189,197,239],"user":[39,226],"experience.":[40,227],"Spatial":[41],"refers":[43],"to":[44,88,176,252],"dimensions":[46],"individual":[49],"squares":[50,62],"comprising":[51],"stimulus,":[54],"quantified":[55],"cycles":[57],"(i.e.,":[58],"number":[59],"black-white":[61],"pairs)":[63],"per":[64],"degree":[65],"angle.":[68],"However,":[69],"specific":[71],"effects":[72],"this":[74,85],"parameter":[75],"c-VEP-based":[77,101,303],"BCIs":[78],"remain":[79],"unexplored.":[80],"Therefore,":[81],"objective":[83],"study":[86],"is":[87],"investigate":[89],"role":[91],"a":[100,170,234,243],"BCI.":[102],"Sixteen":[103],"participants":[104],"evaluated":[105],"selection":[106],"matrices":[107],"eight":[109],"frequencies:":[111],"C001":[112,260],"(0":[113],"c/\u00b0,":[114,119,124,129,134,139,144,150],"1\u00d71":[115],"squares),":[116,121,126,131,136,141,146],"C002":[117],"(0.15":[118],"2\u00d72":[120],"C004":[122],"(0.3":[123],"4\u00d74":[125],"C008":[127],"(0.6":[128],"8\u00d78":[130],"C016":[132,221],"(1.2":[133],"16\u00d716":[135],"C032":[137],"(2.4":[138],"32\u00d732":[140],"C064":[142],"(4.79":[143],"64\u00d764":[145],"C128":[148],"(9.58":[149],"128\u00d7128":[151],"squares).":[152],"These":[153],"conditions":[154,209],"were":[155,191,199],"tested":[156],"online":[159],"spelling":[160],"task,":[161],"which":[162],"consisted":[163],"18":[165],"trials":[166],"each":[167],"conducted":[168],"3\u00d73":[171],"command":[172],"interface.":[173],"In":[174],"addition":[175],"accuracy":[177,212,236],"information":[179],"transfer":[180],"rate":[181],"(ITR),":[182],"subjective":[183],"measures":[184],"regarding":[185],"comfort,":[186],"ocular":[187],"irritation,":[188],"satisfaction":[190],"collected.":[192],"Significant":[193],"differences":[194],"comfort":[198],"observed":[200],"based":[201],"different":[203],"stimulus":[204,277],"frequencies.":[206],"Although":[207],"all":[208],"achieved":[210,233],"mean":[211,235],"over":[213],"95%":[214],"after":[215],"2.1":[216],"s":[217],"trial":[219,244],"duration,":[220],"stood":[222],"out":[223],"terms":[225],"The":[228],"proposed":[229],"condition":[230],"not":[231],"only":[232],"96.53%":[238],"164.54":[240],"bits/min":[241],"duration":[245],"1.05s,":[247],"but":[248],"also":[249],"was":[250],"reported":[251],"be":[253,279,293],"significantly":[254],"more":[255,280],"comfortable":[256],"than":[257,273],"traditional":[259],"stimulus.":[261],"Since":[262],"features":[264],"key":[266],"for":[267,282,302],"BCI":[268],"development,":[269],"higher":[270],"frequencies":[272],"classical":[275],"black-to-white":[276],"might":[278],"adequate":[281],"c-VEP":[283],"systems.":[284],"Hence,":[285],"we":[286],"assert":[287],"should":[292],"carefully":[294],"considered":[295],"development":[298],"future":[300],"applications":[301],"BCIs.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
