{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965463467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/8/6/066003","title":"Gaze-independent brain\u2013computer interfaces based on covert attention and feature attention","display_name":"Gaze-independent brain\u2013computer interfaces based on covert attention and feature attention","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965463467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/8/6/066003","mag":"1965463467","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21975312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1741-2560/8/6/066003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/8/6/066003","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-2560/8/6/066003/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32898093","display_name":"Journal of Neural Engineering","issn_l":"1741-2552","issn":["1741-2552","1741-2560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neural Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-2560/8/6/066003/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001422049","display_name":"Matthias S. Treder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-2326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148503","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/045eg9c12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148503","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M S Treder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany. matthias.treder@tu-berlin.de","Machine Learning Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany. matthias.treder@tu-berlin.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148503","https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032998512","display_name":"Nico M. Schmidt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148503","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/045eg9c12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148503","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N M Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148503","https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060955050","display_name":"Benjamin Blankertz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-4846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148503","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/045eg9c12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148503","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Blankertz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148503","https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001422049"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148503","https://openalex.org/I4577782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7964,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":182,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98764485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"066003","last_page":"066003"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.8225864171981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.8051088452339172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.7092433571815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7042012810707092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6425726413726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-spatial-attention","display_name":"Visual spatial attention","score":0.5348495244979858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze-contingency-paradigm","display_name":"Gaze-contingency paradigm","score":0.5077260732650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.49333253502845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.4612961709499359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n2pc","display_name":"N2pc","score":0.4567815065383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.4514174461364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41506069898605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-attention","display_name":"Visual attention","score":0.34874194860458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-perception","display_name":"Visual perception","score":0.33387088775634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3314022123813629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3226891756057739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.28009283542633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.2520264983177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2217092216014862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.08783146739006042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.8225864171981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.8051088452339172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.7092433571815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7042012810707092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6425726413726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776310537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395577","display_name":"Visual spatial attention","level":4,"score":0.5348495244979858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164280684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5529040","display_name":"Gaze-contingency paradigm","level":4,"score":0.5077260732650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.49333253502845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.4612961709499359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207357515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6951948","display_name":"N2pc","level":4,"score":0.4567815065383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.4514174461364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41506069898605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986089797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501338","display_name":"Visual attention","level":3,"score":0.34874194860458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.33387088775634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3314022123813629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3226891756057739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.28009283542633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.2520264983177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2217092216014862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.08783146739006042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1741-2560/8/6/066003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/8/6/066003","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-2560/8/6/066003/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32898093","display_name":"Journal of Neural Engineering","issn_l":"1741-2552","issn":["1741-2552","1741-2560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neural Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21975312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21975312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of neural engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1741-2560/8/6/066003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/8/6/066003","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-2560/8/6/066003/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32898093","display_name":"Journal of Neural Engineering","issn_l":"1741-2552","issn":["1741-2552","1741-2560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neural Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481779455","https://openalex.org/W1598256617","https://openalex.org/W1655654231","https://openalex.org/W1964006659","https://openalex.org/W1964405752","https://openalex.org/W1967167074","https://openalex.org/W1973423902","https://openalex.org/W1973921785","https://openalex.org/W1975226595","https://openalex.org/W1975898493","https://openalex.org/W1984155521","https://openalex.org/W1987883337","https://openalex.org/W1995247412","https://openalex.org/W1998062602","https://openalex.org/W1998092575","https://openalex.org/W1998822858","https://openalex.org/W2000256460","https://openalex.org/W2010554583","https://openalex.org/W2018005397","https://openalex.org/W2020563215","https://openalex.org/W2026435045","https://openalex.org/W2034562813","https://openalex.org/W2041257003","https://openalex.org/W2052870065","https://openalex.org/W2055818182","https://openalex.org/W2056056076","https://openalex.org/W2056180919","https://openalex.org/W2060004431","https://openalex.org/W2060474513","https://openalex.org/W2066527749","https://openalex.org/W2068428417","https://openalex.org/W2069674721","https://openalex.org/W2070122463","https://openalex.org/W2070913574","https://openalex.org/W2078229530","https://openalex.org/W2078300002","https://openalex.org/W2082431439","https://openalex.org/W2088085131","https://openalex.org/W2098100592","https://openalex.org/W2098735891","https://openalex.org/W2104470693","https://openalex.org/W2104700195","https://openalex.org/W2110545034","https://openalex.org/W2115590779","https://openalex.org/W2116689503","https://openalex.org/W2117731089","https://openalex.org/W2118157988","https://openalex.org/W2125236773","https://openalex.org/W2126187328","https://openalex.org/W2129203136","https://openalex.org/W2143659523","https://openalex.org/W2145149200","https://openalex.org/W2149095485","https://openalex.org/W2152171700","https://openalex.org/W2152693668","https://openalex.org/W2156626415","https://openalex.org/W2157491347","https://openalex.org/W2163221059","https://openalex.org/W2164353962","https://openalex.org/W2168689324","https://openalex.org/W2169795352","https://openalex.org/W2170821486","https://openalex.org/W2333042737","https://openalex.org/W2544411748","https://openalex.org/W4230104327","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119114863","https://openalex.org/W2126620608","https://openalex.org/W3145842833","https://openalex.org/W2150893631","https://openalex.org/W2948571332","https://openalex.org/W2030821078","https://openalex.org/W2009597695","https://openalex.org/W2062276167","https://openalex.org/W2004854678","https://openalex.org/W4394563677"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,128],"evidence":[2],"that":[3,38,112,136],"conventional":[4],"visual":[5,36,50,134],"brain-computer":[6],"interfaces":[7],"(BCIs)":[8],"based":[9,52],"on":[10,53],"event-related":[11],"potentials":[12],"cannot":[13],"be":[14],"operated":[15,114],"efficiently":[16],"when":[17],"eye":[18,42,145],"movements":[19],"are":[20,142],"not":[21,40],"allowed.":[22],"To":[23],"overcome":[24],"this":[25,30],"limitation,":[26],"the":[27,101],"aim":[28],"of":[29,47,89,98,144],"study":[31],"was":[32,113],"to":[33,63,130],"develop":[34],"a":[35,48,110,138],"speller":[37,51,111],"does":[39],"require":[41],"movements.":[43],"Three":[44],"different":[45,102],"variants":[46],"two-stage":[49],"covert":[54],"spatial":[55],"attention":[56,60,62,118],"and":[57,65,141],"non-spatial":[58,116],"feature":[59,117,125],"(i.e.":[61],"colour":[64],"form)":[66],"were":[67,107],"tested":[68],"in":[69],"an":[70],"online":[71],"experiment":[72],"with":[73,95],"13":[74],"healthy":[75],"participants.":[76],"All":[77],"participants":[78],"achieved":[79],"highly":[80],"accurate":[81],"BCI":[82],"control.":[83],"They":[84],"could":[85],"select":[86],"one":[87],"out":[88],"thirty":[90],"symbols":[91],"(chance":[92],"level":[93],"3.3%)":[94],"mean":[96],"accuracies":[97],"88%-97%":[99],"for":[100,109],"spellers.":[103],"The":[104],"best":[105],"results":[106,121],"obtained":[108],"using":[115,124],"only.":[119],"These":[120],"show":[122],"that,":[123],"attention,":[126],"it":[127],"possible":[129],"realize":[131],"high-accuracy,":[132],"fast-paced":[133],"spellers":[135],"have":[137],"large":[139],"vocabulary":[140],"independent":[143],"gaze.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-05-20T08:49:12.498775","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
