{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3130431005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-61n8-mg23","title":"Salience Estimation and Faithful Generation: Modeling Methods for Text Summarization and Generation","display_name":"Salience Estimation and Faithful Generation: Modeling Methods for Text Summarization and Generation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3130431005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-61n8-mg23","mag":"3130431005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3130431005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/d8-61n8-mg23","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-61n8-mg23","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046455819","display_name":"Christopher Kedzie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kedzie, Christopher","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046455819"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02520724,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.7360514998435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6206002831459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5693670511245728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-generation","display_name":"Text generation","score":0.5507361888885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salience","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","score":0.5196991562843323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.500262975692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-generation","display_name":"Natural language generation","score":0.4776831269264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.43121621012687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.41355255246162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08343461155891418}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.7360514998435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6206002831459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5693670511245728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985684807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Text generation","level":2,"score":0.5507361888885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.5196991562843323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.500262975692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.4776831269264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.43121621012687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.41355255246162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08343461155891418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3130431005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/d8-61n8-mg23","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.7916/d8-61n8-mg23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-61n8-mg23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402601","display_name":"Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","host_organization_name":"Columbia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7916/d8-61n8-mg23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-61n8-mg23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402601","display_name":"Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","host_organization_name":"Columbia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":207,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84658360","https://openalex.org/W100656083","https://openalex.org/W123238105","https://openalex.org/W136788192","https://openalex.org/W156747965","https://openalex.org/W179875071","https://openalex.org/W216536535","https://openalex.org/W225503657","https://openalex.org/W638553612","https://openalex.org/W1489181569","https://openalex.org/W1489742839","https://openalex.org/W1501617060","https://openalex.org/W1513168555","https://openalex.org/W1514535095","https://openalex.org/W1515891729","https://openalex.org/W1525595230","https://openalex.org/W1538505550","https://openalex.org/W1544827683","https://openalex.org/W1573537589","https://openalex.org/W1575457686","https://openalex.org/W1591706642","https://openalex.org/W1593045043","https://openalex.org/W1608505344","https://openalex.org/W1631260214","https://openalex.org/W1645937837","https://openalex.org/W1699946128","https://openalex.org/W1788779403","https://openalex.org/W1838260653","https://openalex.org/W1854214752","https://openalex.org/W1895577753","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W1948566616","https://openalex.org/W1962684803","https://openalex.org/W1964326564","https://openalex.org/W1972573551","https://openalex.org/W1974339500","https://openalex.org/W1974356113","https://openalex.org/W1977593346","https://openalex.org/W1985610876","https://openalex.org/W1999447745","https://openalex.org/W2001135856","https://openalex.org/W2005473185","https://openalex.org/W2005589065","https://openalex.org/W2006969979","https://openalex.org/W2010624529","https://openalex.org/W2012561700","https://openalex.org/W2013487798","https://openalex.org/W2015631174","https://openalex.org/W2019413183","https://openalex.org/W2024013984","https://openalex.org/W2034049483","https://openalex.org/W2036484499","https://openalex.org/W2037049384","https://openalex.org/W2048390999","https://openalex.org/W2048737604","https://openalex.org/W2054211469","https://openalex.org/W2054870958","https://openalex.org/W2061886377","https://openalex.org/W2068537423","https://openalex.org/W2070016268","https://openalex.org/W2078695421","https://openalex.org/W2079735306","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2085116970","https://openalex.org/W2091273188","https://openalex.org/W2094661073","https://openalex.org/W2094849655","https://openalex.org/W2095627528","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2101390659","https://openalex.org/W2103018059","https://openalex.org/W2103078213","https://openalex.org/W2103339462","https://openalex.org/W2108753392","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2116780029","https://openalex.org/W2118373646","https://openalex.org/W2119275489","https://openalex.org/W2120481102","https://openalex.org/W2120743786","https://openalex.org/W2122311631","https://openalex.org/W2123301721","https://openalex.org/W2124386177","https://openalex.org/W2124741472","https://openalex.org/W2125336414","https://openalex.org/W2127952443","https://openalex.org/W2128672521","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2131113428","https://openalex.org/W2136071191","https://openalex.org/W2138952379","https://openalex.org/W2141608913","https://openalex.org/W2143514833","https://openalex.org/W2144211451","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2151258001","https://openalex.org/W2152992673","https://openalex.org/W2153256230","https://openalex.org/W2153939059","https://openalex.org/W2154652894","https://openalex.org/W2158195707","https://openalex.org/W2158291389","https://openalex.org/W2158349948","https://openalex.org/W2159932990","https://openalex.org/W2161181481","https://openalex.org/W2165232124","https://openalex.org/W2165395308","https://openalex.org/W2170716495","https://openalex.org/W2171421863","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2250489405","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2250741443","https://openalex.org/W2251303282","https://openalex.org/W2251548668","https://openalex.org/W2252123671","https://openalex.org/W2291723583","https://openalex.org/W2304648132","https://openalex.org/W2307381258","https://openalex.org/W2353655624","https://openalex.org/W2364877268","https://openalex.org/W2483215953","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2574535369","https://openalex.org/W2604799547","https://openalex.org/W2606974598","https://openalex.org/W2625777111","https://openalex.org/W2739046565","https://openalex.org/W2741606601","https://openalex.org/W2748261613","https://openalex.org/W2752172973","https://openalex.org/W2769618705","https://openalex.org/W2772704197","https://openalex.org/W2787644385","https://openalex.org/W2819889016","https://openalex.org/W2888912028","https://openalex.org/W2889009749","https://openalex.org/W2897164851","https://openalex.org/W2902677561","https://openalex.org/W2903428882","https://openalex.org/W2914397182","https://openalex.org/W2916573956","https://openalex.org/W2916877561","https://openalex.org/W2935206035","https://openalex.org/W2945224106","https://openalex.org/W2949413855","https://openalex.org/W2950339735","https://openalex.org/W2951286828","https://openalex.org/W2951813108","https://openalex.org/W2952840881","https://openalex.org/W2953039584","https://openalex.org/W2953958347","https://openalex.org/W2962729880","https://openalex.org/W2962801572","https://openalex.org/W2962965405","https://openalex.org/W2962968135","https://openalex.org/W2963091658","https://openalex.org/W2963096510","https://openalex.org/W2963125472","https://openalex.org/W2963267799","https://openalex.org/W2963283805","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963499246","https://openalex.org/W2963506925","https://openalex.org/W2963572611","https://openalex.org/W2963607157","https://openalex.org/W2963899155","https://openalex.org/W2963910262","https://openalex.org/W2963912046","https://openalex.org/W2963929190","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964265128","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W2970419734","https://openalex.org/W2970648896","https://openalex.org/W2970686438","https://openalex.org/W2970692082","https://openalex.org/W2971034336","https://openalex.org/W2982399380","https://openalex.org/W2984256198","https://openalex.org/W2995246984","https://openalex.org/W2996176596","https://openalex.org/W2996285556","https://openalex.org/W2996287690","https://openalex.org/W2996403597","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3013547323","https://openalex.org/W3020712669","https://openalex.org/W3034188538","https://openalex.org/W3034383590","https://openalex.org/W3034715004","https://openalex.org/W3034723486","https://openalex.org/W3035202933","https://openalex.org/W3035252911","https://openalex.org/W3035267217","https://openalex.org/W3035331128","https://openalex.org/W3035355817","https://openalex.org/W3091784310","https://openalex.org/W3099766584","https://openalex.org/W3100715140","https://openalex.org/W3101913037","https://openalex.org/W3103317667","https://openalex.org/W3105928338","https://openalex.org/W3106234277","https://openalex.org/W3151369355","https://openalex.org/W3158986179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2999643132","https://openalex.org/W3034849606","https://openalex.org/W3095538999","https://openalex.org/W3169220648","https://openalex.org/W310810636","https://openalex.org/W2751318774","https://openalex.org/W3088213682","https://openalex.org/W1862937584","https://openalex.org/W2059525723","https://openalex.org/W194346338","https://openalex.org/W3035800748","https://openalex.org/W2904782555","https://openalex.org/W2945512782","https://openalex.org/W2977734079","https://openalex.org/W2117237077","https://openalex.org/W2098076111","https://openalex.org/W3094333478","https://openalex.org/W2808991731","https://openalex.org/W8722571","https://openalex.org/W2081929899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"thesis":[1,517],"is":[2,15,199,384,488,514],"focused":[3],"on":[4,333,450,472],"a":[5,18,23,78,130,140,152,159,172,209,217,368,397,410,424,440,463],"particular":[6],"text-to-text":[7,48],"generation":[8,49,337,365,419,455],"problem,":[9],"automatic":[10],"summarization,":[11,274,303],"where":[12,304],"the":[13,43,53,69,114,127,143,288,295,345,348,389,432,437,480,534],"goal":[14],"to":[16,22,32,92,99,135,182,283,314,371,403,458,489,506],"map":[17],"large":[19,218],"input":[20,188,349,390],"text":[21,70,133,245,342,382,507],"much":[24],"shorter":[25],"summary":[26],"text.":[27],"The":[28],"research":[29,273,520],"presented":[30],"aims":[31],"both":[33,232],"understand":[34],"and":[35,65,94,110,119,177,221,235,252,331,357,400,460,500,510],"tame":[36],"existing":[37],"machine":[38,228],"learning":[39,111,166,229,276,483],"models,":[40],"hopefully":[41],"paving":[42],"way":[44],"for":[45,113,151,168,193,201,335,413,428,475,492],"more":[46,210,290,298,308,429,519],"reliable":[47,203,501],"algorithms.":[50],"Somewhat":[51],"against":[52],"prevailing":[54],"trends,":[55],"we":[56,81,107,156,257,323,395,408,445,467],"eschew":[57],"end-to-end":[58,481],"training":[59,411],"of":[60,116,129,132,142,161,213,278,294,347,422,479,533],"an":[61],"abstractive":[62,476,494],"summarization":[63,71,175,204,477,495],"model,":[64],"instead":[66],"break":[67],"down":[68],"problem":[72,141,212],"into":[73,85,139,186,243],"its":[74],"constituent":[75],"tasks.":[76],"At":[77],"high":[79],"level,":[80],"divide":[82],"these":[83,105,197],"tasks":[84],"two":[86,223],"categories:":[87],"content":[88,95,292,321,325,425,464],"selection,":[89],"or":[90,97,163,272,379],"\u201cwhat":[91],"say\u201d":[93],"realization,":[96,322],"\u201chow":[98],"say":[100],"it\u201d":[101],"(McKeown,":[102],"1985).":[103],"Within":[104],"categories":[106],"propose":[108,222,409],"models":[109,167,239,277,366,420],"algorithms":[112,247],"problems":[115],"salience":[117,169,215,241,279,316],"estimation":[118,170],"faithful":[120,336],"generation.":[121,511],"Salience":[122],"estimation,":[123],"that":[124,248,259,340,383,515,528],"is,":[125],"determining":[126,146],"importance":[128],"piece":[131],"relative":[134],"some":[136,184,447,470],"context,":[137],"falls":[138],"former":[144],"category,":[145],"what":[147],"should":[148],"be":[149],"selected":[150],"summary.":[153],"In":[154,297,318,392],"particular,":[155],"experiment":[157],"with":[158,469,497],"variety":[160],"popular":[162,369],"novel":[164],"deep":[165,275,360,415,482],"in":[171,216,268,521],"single":[173,269],"document":[174,219,270],"setting,":[176],"design":[178],"several":[179,451],"ablation":[180],"experiments":[181],"gain":[183],"insight":[185],"which":[187],"signals":[189,198],"are":[190,265,306,367,529],"most":[191],"important":[192,291],"making":[194,414],"predictions.":[195],"Understanding":[196],"critical":[200],"designing":[202],"models.":[205],"We":[206],"then":[207],"consider":[208,250],"difficult":[211],"estimating":[214],"stream,":[220],"alternative":[224],"approaches":[225],"using":[226],"classical":[227],"techniques":[230],"from":[231],"unsupervised":[233],"clustering":[234],"structured":[236],"prediction.":[237],"These":[238],"incorporate":[240],"estimates":[242],"larger":[244],"extraction":[246,254],"also":[249],"redundancy":[251],"previous":[253],"decisions.":[255],"Overall,":[256],"find":[258],"when":[260,503],"simple,":[261],"position":[262],"based":[263,362],"heuristics":[264,305],"available,":[266],"as":[267],"news":[271],"often":[280,376],"exploit":[281],"them":[282],"make":[284],"predictions,":[285],"while":[286],"ignoring":[287],"arguably":[289],"features":[293,311],"input.":[296],"demanding":[299],"environments,":[300],"like":[301],"stream":[302],"unreliable,":[307],"semantically":[309,386],"relevant":[310],"become":[312],"key":[313],"identifying":[315],"content.":[317,391],"part":[319],"two,":[320],"assume":[324],"selection":[326],"has":[327],"already":[328],"been":[329],"performed":[330],"focus":[332],"methods":[334],"(i.e.,":[338],"ensuring":[339],"output":[341,433],"utterances":[343,434],"respect":[344],"semantics":[346],"content).":[350],"Since":[351],"they":[352,375],"can":[353],"generate":[354,381],"very":[355],"fluent":[356],"natural":[358,363,417,453,535],"text,":[359],"learning-":[361],"language":[364,418,454,536],"approach":[370],"this":[372,393,405,516,522],"problem.":[373,406],"However,":[374],"omit,":[377],"misconstrue,":[378],"otherwise":[380],"not":[385],"correct":[387],"given":[388],"section,":[394],"develop":[396],"data":[398],"augmentation":[399],"self-training":[401],"technique":[402],"mitigate":[404],"Additionally,":[407],"method":[412],"learning-based":[416],"capable":[421],"following":[423],"plan,":[426],"allowing":[427],"control":[430],"over":[431],"generated":[435],"by":[436],"model.":[438],"Under":[439],"stress":[441],"test":[442],"evaluation":[443],"protocol,":[444],"demonstrate":[446],"empirical":[448],"limits":[449],"neural":[452],"models\u2019":[456],"ability":[457],"encode":[459],"properly":[461],"realize":[462],"plan.":[465],"Finally,":[466],"conclude":[468],"remarks":[471],"future":[473],"directions":[474],"outside":[478,532],"paradigm.":[484],"Our":[485,512],"aim":[486],"here":[487],"suggest":[490],"avenues":[491],"constructing":[493],"systems":[496],"transparent,":[498],"controllable,":[499],"behavior":[502],"it":[504],"comes":[505],"understanding,":[508],"compression,":[509],"hope":[513],"inspires":[518],"direction,":[523],"and,":[524],"ultimately,":[525],"real":[526],"tools":[527],"broadly":[530],"useful":[531],"processing":[537],"community.":[538]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}