{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6958752337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7907/ynt2-nn65","title":"Toward reliable modular programs","display_name":"Toward reliable modular programs","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6958752337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7907/ynt2-nn65"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:thesis.library.caltech.edu:4114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/4114/1/Leino_krm_1995.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402402","display_name":"CaltechTHESIS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/4114/1/Leino_krm_1995.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Leino, K. Rustan M.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leino, K. Rustan M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46693065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.7900000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.7900000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.04280000180006027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.030300000682473183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.7631000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.6028000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5916000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.474700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.4745999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simplicity","display_name":"Simplicity","score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-semantics","display_name":"Operational semantics","score":0.46869999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4560999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.4203999936580658}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.7631000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7200999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6028000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5916000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.474700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4745999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776372474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508291","display_name":"Simplicity","level":2,"score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930895","display_name":"Operational semantics","level":3,"score":0.46869999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4616999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4560999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778361913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248437","display_name":"Program transformation","level":2,"score":0.4117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88482812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453666","display_name":"Modular programming","level":2,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175971053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827335","display_name":"Abstract data type","level":2,"score":0.3506999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206880738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431667","display_name":"Automated theorem proving","level":2,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154690210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668499","display_name":"Rewriting","level":2,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127001435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595770","display_name":"Stable model semantics","level":4,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98183937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2112188","display_name":"Program analysis","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207648694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189746","display_name":"Denotational semantics","level":4,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81721847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163468","display_name":"Prolog","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58041814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q792533","display_name":"Axiomatic semantics","level":5,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203265346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11387554","display_name":"Proof assistant","level":3,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146499914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469969","display_name":"Formal semantics (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128838566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275603","display_name":"Logic programming","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:thesis.library.caltech.edu:4114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/4114/1/Leino_krm_1995.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402402","display_name":"CaltechTHESIS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.54.3552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.54.3552","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.cs.caltech.edu/tr/cs-tr-95-03.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.7907/ynt2-nn65","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7907/ynt2-nn65","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050848","display_name":"Caltech Library","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"thesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:thesis.library.caltech.edu:4114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/4114/1/Leino_krm_1995.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402402","display_name":"CaltechTHESIS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W6958752337.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software":[0],"is":[1,57,137,242],"being":[2],"applied":[3],"in":[4,27,79,154,172,179,206],"an":[5,106],"ever-increasing":[6],"number":[7],"of":[8,20,49,54,75,120,158,182,232,245,263],"areas.":[9],"Computer":[10],"programs":[11,28,67,101,129,211],"and":[12,18,33,87,109,150,198,227,266],"systems":[13],"are":[14,29,89,252],"becoming":[15],"more":[16,21,253,272],"complex":[17],"consisting":[19],"delicately":[22],"interconnected":[23],"components.":[24],"Errors":[25],"surfacing":[26],"still":[30],"a":[31,63,125,142,159,165,193,202,219,229,243],"conspicuous":[32],"costly":[34],"problem.":[35],"It's":[36],"about":[37],"time":[38],"we":[39],"employ":[40],"some":[41,262,268],"techniques":[42,214],"that":[43,204,223,225,238],"guide":[44],"us":[45],"toward":[46,271],"higher":[47],"reliability":[48],"practical":[50,194],"programs.":[51,275],"The":[52,92,162,216,240,258],"goal":[53],"this":[55,152,190],"thesis":[56,61,93,163,191,217,259],"just":[58],"that.":[59],"This":[60],"presents":[62,164],"theory":[64,99],"for":[65,128,168,209,234],"verifying":[66],"based":[68],"on":[69,97,116,144,261],"Dijkstra's":[70],"weakest-precondition":[71,135],"calculus.":[72],"A":[73],"variety":[74],"program":[76],"paradigms":[77],"used":[78],"practice,":[80],"such":[81],"as":[82],"exceptions,":[83,131,149],"procedures,":[84],"object":[85],"orientation,":[86],"modularity,":[88],"dealt":[90],"with.":[91],"sheds":[94],"new":[95,220],"light":[96],"the":[98,114,118,134,155,180,183],"behind":[100],"with":[102,130,187],"exceptions.":[103],"It":[104,123,139,200],"develops":[105,124],"elegant":[107],"algebra,":[108],"shows":[110],"it":[111],"to":[112,148,255],"be":[113,256],"foundation":[115],"which":[117,133,173],"semantics":[119,127,136],"exceptions":[121],"rests.":[122],"trace":[126],"from":[132],"derived.":[138],"also":[140],"proves":[141],"theorem":[143,153],"programming":[145],"methodology":[146],"relating":[147],"applies":[151],"novel":[156],"derivation":[157],"simple":[160,166],"program.":[161],"model":[167,241],"object-oriented":[169],"data":[170,248],"types,":[171],"concerns":[174],"have":[175],"been":[176],"separated,":[177],"resulting":[178],"simplicity":[181],"model.":[184],"To":[185],"deal":[186],"large":[188],"programs,":[189],"takes":[192],"look":[195],"at":[196],"modularity":[197],"abstraction.":[199],"reveals":[201],"problem":[203],"arises":[205],"writing":[207],"specifications":[208],"modular":[210,235,274],"where":[212],"previous":[213],"fail.":[215],"introduces":[218],"specification":[221],"construct":[222],"solves":[224],"problem,":[226],"gives":[228],"formal":[230],"proof":[231],"soundness":[233],"verification":[236],"using":[237],"construct.":[239],"generalization":[244],"Hoare's":[246],"classical":[247],"refinement.":[249],"However,":[250],"there":[251],"problems":[254,265],"solved.":[257],"reports":[260],"these":[264],"suggests":[267],"future":[269],"directions":[270],"reliable":[273]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}