{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140093505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3720","title":"Improving aesthetic pattern-aware style transfer networks with Sharpness-Aware Minimization","display_name":"Improving aesthetic pattern-aware style transfer networks with Sharpness-Aware Minimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140093505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.3720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3720","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003559098","display_name":"Jinguang Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2474-2235"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinguang Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062030050","display_name":"Nali Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nali Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"apc_paid":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28614371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"e3720","last_page":"e3720"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12650","display_name":"Aesthetic Perception and Analysis","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stylized-fact","display_name":"Stylized fact","score":0.6557999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6067000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.5598999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.42750000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7092999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38935604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330363","display_name":"Stylized fact","level":2,"score":0.6557999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6067000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.5598999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5401999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42750000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50494287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658467","display_name":"Texture synthesis","level":5,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776960227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2586354","display_name":"Knowledge transfer","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177454536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578290","display_name":"Emphasis (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.3720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b20ec289627b4691b1e83e1ef1d020c5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b20ec289627b4691b1e83e1ef1d020c5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science, Vol 12, p e3720 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.3720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.598406970500946,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125879936","https://openalex.org/W2550673061","https://openalex.org/W2786808285","https://openalex.org/W3204181204","https://openalex.org/W4287646898","https://openalex.org/W4393159527","https://openalex.org/W4394947882","https://openalex.org/W4406141612"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artistic":[0],"style":[1,47,72,159,182],"transfer":[2,48,160,183],"aims":[3],"to":[4,74,96,102],"repaint":[5],"the":[6,10,98,114,121,138,171],"content":[7,70],"image":[8],"with":[9,56,184],"learned":[11],"artistic":[12,181],"style.":[13],"Despite":[14],"notable":[15],"progress":[16],"achieved":[17],"by":[18],"convolutional":[19],"neural":[20],"network":[21],"(CNN)-based":[22],"methods,":[23,62],"existing":[24],"approaches":[25],"often":[26],"suffer":[27],"from":[28],"complex":[29],"loss":[30],"landscapes":[31],"and":[32,71,86,107,116,146,177,187],"limited":[33],"generalization,":[34],"particularly":[35],"under":[36],"data-scarce":[37],"settings.":[38],"To":[39],"address":[40],"these":[41],"challenges,":[42],"we":[43],"propose":[44],"a":[45,129,175],"novel":[46],"framework":[49,153],"that":[50,120,170],"explicitly":[51],"integrates":[52],"domain":[53],"adaptation":[54],"principles":[55],"Sharpness-Aware":[57],"Minimization":[58],"(SAM).":[59],"Unlike":[60],"previous":[61],"our":[63,152],"approach":[64],"aligns":[65],"high-dimensional":[66],"feature":[67],"representations":[68],"between":[69],"domains":[73],"preserve":[75],"semantic":[76],"structure,":[77],"while":[78,142],"enabling":[79],"flexible":[80],"stylistic":[81],"transformations":[82],"through":[83],"controlled":[84],"texture":[85],"appearance":[87],"modulation":[88],"in":[89,137,157],"lower-dimensional":[90],"spaces.":[91],"Furthermore,":[92],"SAM":[93],"is":[94],"employed":[95],"smooth":[97],"optimization":[99],"landscape,":[100],"leading":[101],"more":[103,147],"stable":[104],"training":[105],"dynamics":[106],"improved":[108],"generalization.":[109,188],"Extensive":[110],"experiments":[111],"conducted":[112],"on":[113],"WikiArt":[115],"DIV2k":[117],"datasets":[118],"show":[119],"proposed":[122,172],"method":[123,173],"consistently":[124],"outperforms":[125],"state-of-the-art":[126],"techniques,":[127],"achieving":[128],"0.0286":[130],"improvement":[131],"over":[132],"Cascade":[133],"Style":[134],"Transfer":[135],"(CST)":[136],"CLIP":[139],"Score":[140],"metric,":[141],"producing":[143],"visually":[144],"clearer":[145],"coherent":[148],"stylized":[149],"results.":[150],"Notably,":[151],"shows":[154],"strong":[155],"advantages":[156],"small-sample":[158],"scenarios,":[161],"where":[162],"traditional":[163],"methods":[164],"typically":[165],"degrade.":[166],"These":[167],"results":[168],"indicate":[169],"provides":[174],"robust":[176],"efficient":[178],"solution":[179],"for":[180],"enhanced":[185],"stability":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-03-24T00:00:00"}
