{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7129067428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3609","title":"Chicken swarm optimization and associated variants: a literature review","display_name":"Chicken swarm optimization and associated variants: a literature review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7129067428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.3609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3609","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenjun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1918-4919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenjun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1918-4919","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086100690","display_name":"Azlan Mohd Zain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-3289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azlan Mohd Zain","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-3289","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108689545","display_name":"Mohamad Shukor Talib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1802-9367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Shukor Talib","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126094501","display_name":"Shengjun Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39854758","display_name":"Auckland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zvqw119","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105660","display_name":"Education New Zealand","ror":"https://ror.org/01m5ew684","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105660"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengjun Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Technology, New Zealand Skills and Education College, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Technology, New Zealand Skills and Education College, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105660","https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"],"apc_list":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"apc_paid":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28867471,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"e3609","last_page":"e3609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.833299994468689,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.833299994468689,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.015599999576807022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.014600000344216824,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.8213000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.7044000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-metaheuristic","display_name":"Parallel metaheuristic","score":0.40209999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-intelligence","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.3492000102996826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.8213000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.7044000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.635699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28767586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135006","display_name":"Parallel metaheuristic","level":4,"score":0.40209999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4016000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119487961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863960","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","level":3,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122357587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","level":3,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135320971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868524","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.3609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:777a0c2b1c504abf90bb1fbc6e268bf9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/777a0c2b1c504abf90bb1fbc6e268bf9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science, Vol 12, p e3609 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.3609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5690149068832397}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":116,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W230518928","https://openalex.org/W1595159159","https://openalex.org/W1786686177","https://openalex.org/W1849730171","https://openalex.org/W1902150770","https://openalex.org/W1977305771","https://openalex.org/W1993885071","https://openalex.org/W1999127798","https://openalex.org/W1999284878","https://openalex.org/W2004617458","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2028373980","https://openalex.org/W2039568841","https://openalex.org/W2045899066","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2122122715","https://openalex.org/W2122274805","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2460998784","https://openalex.org/W2513322489","https://openalex.org/W2565375852","https://openalex.org/W2602305116","https://openalex.org/W2753793172","https://openalex.org/W2767702022","https://openalex.org/W2783187126","https://openalex.org/W2785466726","https://openalex.org/W2899595323","https://openalex.org/W2914158153","https://openalex.org/W2919979744","https://openalex.org/W2920908701","https://openalex.org/W2941893836","https://openalex.org/W2945622591","https://openalex.org/W2946065095","https://openalex.org/W2973125877","https://openalex.org/W2982169647","https://openalex.org/W3006438498","https://openalex.org/W3007040895","https://openalex.org/W3011104345","https://openalex.org/W3025132808","https://openalex.org/W3034945649","https://openalex.org/W3038313708","https://openalex.org/W3039133387","https://openalex.org/W3044514028","https://openalex.org/W3047245734","https://openalex.org/W3047849867","https://openalex.org/W3082131422","https://openalex.org/W3118408813","https://openalex.org/W3119051141","https://openalex.org/W3120292994","https://openalex.org/W3128772914","https://openalex.org/W3133932862","https://openalex.org/W3134648804","https://openalex.org/W3137448811","https://openalex.org/W3137580034","https://openalex.org/W3139450561","https://openalex.org/W3148534517","https://openalex.org/W3152899276","https://openalex.org/W3158483722","https://openalex.org/W3165698705","https://openalex.org/W3169286888","https://openalex.org/W3186691552","https://openalex.org/W3198721376","https://openalex.org/W3206249908","https://openalex.org/W3206920343","https://openalex.org/W3210264792","https://openalex.org/W3211702016","https://openalex.org/W3212797097","https://openalex.org/W3213468502","https://openalex.org/W3216610153","https://openalex.org/W4206479630","https://openalex.org/W4229010399","https://openalex.org/W4229052357","https://openalex.org/W4250503569","https://openalex.org/W4283784917","https://openalex.org/W4284965949","https://openalex.org/W4288068170","https://openalex.org/W4288069922","https://openalex.org/W4290821867","https://openalex.org/W4292361647","https://openalex.org/W4292366903","https://openalex.org/W4295529507","https://openalex.org/W4297825776","https://openalex.org/W4304976240","https://openalex.org/W4308247470","https://openalex.org/W4308885554","https://openalex.org/W4309643765","https://openalex.org/W4311255556","https://openalex.org/W4312096963","https://openalex.org/W4312215908","https://openalex.org/W4319738858","https://openalex.org/W4324125214","https://openalex.org/W4360618564","https://openalex.org/W4366413751","https://openalex.org/W4377115318","https://openalex.org/W4378878907","https://openalex.org/W4381281294","https://openalex.org/W4385736921","https://openalex.org/W4386070912","https://openalex.org/W4386099197","https://openalex.org/W4387843796","https://openalex.org/W4389410010","https://openalex.org/W4389569455","https://openalex.org/W4391160762","https://openalex.org/W4391345988","https://openalex.org/W4392091403","https://openalex.org/W4392810838","https://openalex.org/W4396916335","https://openalex.org/W4397001521","https://openalex.org/W4399514805","https://openalex.org/W4403874234","https://openalex.org/W4404223886","https://openalex.org/W4404562749","https://openalex.org/W4409004653","https://openalex.org/W4410596003","https://openalex.org/W4413093732","https://openalex.org/W4414706126"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chicken":[0,90],"swarm":[1],"optimization":[2,50],"(CSO)":[3,93],"is":[4,45],"a":[5,86,193],"new":[6],"metaheuristic":[7,13],"algorithm":[8],"inspired":[9,12],"by":[10,110],"biologically":[11],"algorithms":[14],"that":[15],"imitate":[16],"the":[17,24,112,122,163,186],"behavior":[18],"of":[19,26,78,89,115,126,130,168,188],"chicken":[20],"flocks.":[21],"CSO":[22,56,79,189],"has":[23,40,58],"advantages":[25],"strong":[27,34],"global":[28],"search":[29,37,66],"ability,":[30,38,67],"high":[31],"stability,":[32],"and":[33,39,68,94,100,106,120,124,147,159,173,190],"multi-subgroup":[35],"collaborative":[36],"important":[41],"research":[42,109,176],"potential.":[43],"It":[44],"widely":[46],"used":[47],"in":[48,52],"various":[49,76],"problems":[51],"real":[53],"life.":[54],"However,":[55],"also":[57],"some":[59],"problems,":[60],"including":[61],"slow":[62],"convergence,":[63],"insufficient":[64],"local":[65,73],"easy":[69],"to":[70,198],"fall":[71],"into":[72,185],"optimality.":[74],"Therefore,":[75],"variants":[77,96],"have":[80],"been":[81],"proposed.":[82],"This":[83],"article":[84],"presents":[85],"structural":[87,137,180],"review":[88,103,138,164],"Swarm":[91],"Optimization":[92],"its":[95],"published":[97],"between":[98],"2014":[99],"2025.":[101],"The":[102,178],"systematically":[104],"organizes":[105],"synthesizes":[107],"existing":[108],"outlining":[111],"fundamental":[113],"principles":[114],"CSO,":[116,169],"categorizing":[117],"improvement":[118],"strategies,":[119],"analyzing":[121],"characteristics":[123],"performance":[125],"different":[127],"variants.":[128],"Instead":[129],"conducting":[131],"an":[132],"empirical":[133],"comprehensive":[134],"study,":[135],"this":[136],"focuses":[139],"on":[140],"mapping":[141],"algorithmic":[142],"developments,":[143],"identifying":[144],"methodological":[145],"trends,":[146],"summarizing":[148],"application":[149],"domains":[150],"such":[151],"as":[152,192],"engineering":[153],"design,":[154],"energy":[155],"systems,":[156],"image":[157],"processing,":[158],"intelligent":[160],"diagnosis.":[161],"Furthermore,":[162],"highlights":[165],"current":[166],"limitations":[167],"discusses":[170],"theoretical":[171],"considerations,":[172],"provides":[174],"future":[175],"directions.":[177],"presented":[179],"framework":[181],"offers":[182],"clearer":[183],"insights":[184],"evolution":[187],"serves":[191],"reference":[194],"for":[195],"researchers":[196],"seeking":[197],"understand":[199],"or":[200],"extend":[201],"CSO-based":[202],"methods.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2026-02-17T00:00:00"}