{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416939990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3400","title":"Sow posture detection for determining piglet crushing through a camera system","display_name":"Sow posture detection for determining piglet crushing through a camera system","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416939990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.3400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3400","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089763628","display_name":"Kittin Thongsrimoung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-0572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149622","display_name":"Department of Livestock Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwfmd61","country_code":"TH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149622"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kittin Thongsrimoung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok, Thailand","Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-0572","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149622"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061056286","display_name":"Worapan Kusakunniran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2896-611X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Worapan Kusakunniran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2896-611X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099043658","display_name":"Kontawat Wisetpaitoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7927-2779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kontawat Wisetpaitoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085621768","display_name":"Kittikhun Thongkanchorn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-5904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kittikhun Thongkanchorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-5904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072781321","display_name":"Terdsak Yano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-233X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48076826","display_name":"Chiang Mai University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m2fqn25","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terdsak Yano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-233X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059589682","display_name":"Weerapong Thanapongtharm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-2011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149622","display_name":"Department of Livestock Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwfmd61","country_code":"TH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149622"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weerapong Thanapongtharm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149622"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030160496","display_name":"Khemmapat Boonyo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149622","display_name":"Department of Livestock Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwfmd61","country_code":"TH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149622"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khemmapat Boonyo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149622"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089763628"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158","https://openalex.org/I4210149622"],"apc_list":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"apc_paid":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4092961,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"e3400","last_page":"e3400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12732","display_name":"Agriculture and Farm Safety","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11226","display_name":"Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warning-system","display_name":"Warning system","score":0.4887000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-warning-system","display_name":"Early warning system","score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warning-signs","display_name":"Warning signs","score":0.26649999618530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.4887000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779296788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326904","display_name":"Early warning system","level":3,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994071780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2019180","display_name":"Warning signs","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018396334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6592648","display_name":"Activity monitor","level":3,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.3400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:de163de561da4413ba08ccb26b6c336c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/de163de561da4413ba08ccb26b6c336c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science, Vol 11, p e3400 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.3400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337051","display_name":"Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Mahidol University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028577701","https://openalex.org/W2050916498","https://openalex.org/W2065771876","https://openalex.org/W2107498305","https://openalex.org/W2126157401","https://openalex.org/W2587550612","https://openalex.org/W2758482569","https://openalex.org/W2791489312","https://openalex.org/W2892572939","https://openalex.org/W3017896733","https://openalex.org/W3025656547","https://openalex.org/W3035508783","https://openalex.org/W3047581272","https://openalex.org/W3081456729","https://openalex.org/W3119265914","https://openalex.org/W4225275819","https://openalex.org/W4298009038","https://openalex.org/W4380324646","https://openalex.org/W4380677065","https://openalex.org/W4383616391"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Piglet":[0],"crushing":[1,47,93],"by":[2],"sows":[3],"is":[4,181],"a":[5,51,68,78,92,111,115,124,139,144,149,156,163,168,182],"leading":[6],"cause":[7],"of":[8,73,84,91,146,151,165,170],"pre-weaning":[9],"mortality":[10],"on":[11,62,88],"commercial":[12],"pig":[13],"farms.":[14],"While":[15],"improved":[16,161],"management":[17],"can":[18],"mitigate":[19],"this,":[20],"resource":[21],"limitations":[22],"often":[23],"hinder":[24],"timely":[25],"intervention.":[26],"This":[27],"article":[28],"proposes":[29],"an":[30],"automated":[31],"warning":[32,112,188],"system":[33,113],"that":[34,119,176],"analyzes":[35,120],"sow":[36,85,177],"posture":[37,52,121],"from":[38],"surveillance":[39],"footage":[40],"in":[41,81],"real-time":[42],"to":[43,102,155,162,192],"predict":[44],"and":[45,96,148,167,196],"prevent":[46],"events.":[48],"We":[49],"developed":[50],"detection":[53],"model":[54],"using":[55,114],"You":[56],"Only":[57],"Look":[58],"Once":[59],"(YOLO)v8,":[60],"trained":[61],"422":[63],"real-world":[64],"instances,":[65],"which":[66],"achieved":[67,143],"mean":[69],"Average":[70],"Precision":[71],"(mAP@50)":[72],"0.976.":[74],"Our":[75,173],"analysis":[76],"revealed":[77],"significant":[79],"increase":[80],"the":[82,89,97,159],"frequency":[83,180],"postural":[86,178],"changes":[87,122],"day":[90,98],"event":[94],"(8.23)":[95],"prior":[99],"(7.49),":[100],"compared":[101],"non-crushing":[103],"days":[104],"(5.52).":[105],"Leveraging":[106],"this":[107],"insight,":[108],"we":[109],"designed":[110],"threshold-based":[116],"voting":[117],"algorithm":[118],"over":[123],"60-min":[125,140],"window.":[126],"The":[127],"system\u2019s":[128],"performance":[129,160],"was":[130],"evaluated":[131],"at":[132],"two":[133],"levels.":[134],"For":[135],"instance-based":[136],"warnings":[137],"(on":[138],"basis),":[141],"it":[142],"sensitivity":[145,164],"62.50%":[147],"specificity":[150,169],"60.25%.":[152],"When":[153],"aggregated":[154],"daily":[157],"basis,":[158],"71.42%":[166],"84.61%,":[171],"respectively.":[172],"results":[174],"indicate":[175],"change":[179],"promising":[183],"indicator":[184],"for":[185],"developing":[186],"early":[187],"systems,":[189],"empowering":[190],"farmers":[191],"take":[193],"preventative":[194],"action":[195],"reduce":[197],"piglet":[198],"losses.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-12-03T00:00:00"}