{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3162523827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-32621-6-ch114","title":"Self-Replicating Distributed Virtual Machines","display_name":"Self-Replicating Distributed Virtual Machines","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3162523827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-32621-6-ch114","mag":"3162523827"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7551/978-0-262-32621-6-ch114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-32621-6-ch114","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life 14: Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113893172","display_name":"Lance R. Williams","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lance Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113893172"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47640237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"711","last_page":"718"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8333621025085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6042301654815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.6001327037811279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.581682562828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4844529628753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4497334063053131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4208371341228485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.37058234214782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.11444038152694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11052098870277405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8333621025085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6042301654815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6001327037811279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.581682562828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4844529628753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4497334063053131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4208371341228485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.37058234214782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11444038152694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11052098870277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7551/978-0-262-32621-6-ch114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-32621-6-ch114","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life 14: Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116677773","https://openalex.org/W2155261584","https://openalex.org/W2584231425","https://openalex.org/W2150611273","https://openalex.org/W4207086172","https://openalex.org/W2042919702","https://openalex.org/W4225981436","https://openalex.org/W2156185805","https://openalex.org/W2770353918","https://openalex.org/W2122502560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"work":[1],"showed":[2],"how":[3],"an":[4],"expression":[5,58],"in":[6,145],"a":[7,15,22,114,155,167],"functional":[8],"programming":[9],"language":[10,163],"can":[11],"be":[12],"compiled":[13],"into":[14],"massively":[16],"redundant":[17],"asynchronous":[18],"spatial":[19,69,168],"computation":[20,169],"called":[21],"distributed":[23],"virtual":[24,43],"machine.":[25],"A":[26],"DVM":[27,61,152],"is":[28],"comprised":[29],"of":[30,57,90,93,102,117,134,138,159],"bytecodes":[31],"reified":[32,165],"as":[33,166],"actors":[34],"undergoing":[35],"diffusion":[36],"and":[37,54,75,100,129,137,141],"communicating":[38],"via":[39],"messages":[40],"containing":[41],"encapsulated":[42],"machine":[44,162],"states.":[45],"Significantly,":[46],"it":[47,110],"was":[48],"shown":[49],"that":[50,71,170],"both":[51],"the":[52,55,66,88,91,135,139],"efficiency":[53],"robustness":[56],"evaluation":[59],"by":[60,84,108,127,172],"increase":[62],"with":[63],"redundancy.":[64],"In":[65],"present":[67],"work,":[68],"computations":[70],"become":[72],"more":[73],"efficient":[74],"robust":[76],"over":[77],"time":[78],"are":[79,96,121],"described.":[80],"They":[81],"accomplish":[82],"this":[83],"self-replication,":[85],"which":[86,94],"increases":[87],"redundancy":[89],"elements":[92],"they":[95,125],"comprised.":[97],"The":[98,119,132,148],"first":[99],"simplest":[101],"these":[103],"self-replicating":[104],"DVMs":[105],"copies":[106],"itself":[107,112],"reflection;":[109],"reads":[111],"from":[113],"contiguous":[115],"range":[116],"memory.":[118],"remainder":[120],"quines.":[122],"As":[123],"such,":[124],"reproduce":[126],"translating":[128],"transcribing":[130],"self-descriptions.":[131],"nature":[133],"self-descriptions":[136],"translation":[140],"transcription":[142],"processes":[143],"differ":[144],"each":[146],"case.":[147],"most":[149],"complex":[150],"selfreplicating":[151],"described":[153],"represents":[154],"fundamentally":[156],"new":[157],"kind":[158],"artificial":[160],"organism\u2013a":[161],"program":[164],"reproduces":[171],"compiling":[173],"its":[174],"own":[175],"source-code.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}