{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2793361340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.26715v1","title":"Virtual and remote laboratories augment self learning and interactions: Development, deployment and assessments with direct and online feedback","display_name":"Virtual and remote laboratories augment self learning and interactions: Development, deployment and assessments with direct and online feedback","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2793361340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.26715v1","mag":"2793361340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7287/peerj.preprints.26715v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.26715v1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.26715v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051579316","display_name":"Dhanush Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0770-1355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhanush Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020496721","display_name":"Rakhi Radhamani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6770-0252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakhi Radhamani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112380524","display_name":"Nijin Nizar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nijin Nizar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077599897","display_name":"Krishnashree Achuthan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2618-0882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishnashree Achuthan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cybersecurity Systems and Networks, Amritapuri campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cybersecurity Systems and Networks, Amritapuri campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043020478","display_name":"Bipin G. Nair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4944-8805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bipin Nair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066357721","display_name":"Shyam Diwakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-0184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shyam Diwakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-0184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2552,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83450864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11283","display_name":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11283","display_name":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11370","display_name":"Mobile Learning in Education","score":0.949400007724762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9465000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7836402058601379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5032922625541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4942903518676758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-education","display_name":"Distance education","score":0.4762968122959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-and-communications-technology","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","score":0.44658592343330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-laboratory","display_name":"Virtual Laboratory","score":0.4417494535446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.43953120708465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.42837095260620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-laboratory","display_name":"Remote laboratory","score":0.4236938953399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-learning-environment","display_name":"Virtual learning environment","score":0.4165307879447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.38788074254989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3186683654785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2508683204650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11778533458709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.11468592286109924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7836402058601379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5032922625541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4942903518676758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503872463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159595","display_name":"Distance education","level":2,"score":0.4762968122959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.44658592343330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777609615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527919","display_name":"Virtual Laboratory","level":2,"score":0.4417494535446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.43953120708465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.42837095260620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777820725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312158","display_name":"Remote laboratory","level":3,"score":0.4236938953399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66699896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349394","display_name":"Virtual learning environment","level":2,"score":0.4165307879447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.38788074254989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3186683654785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2508683204650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11778533458709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.11468592286109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7287/peerj.preprints.26715v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.26715v1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7287/peerj.preprints.26715v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.26715v1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985940938","https://openalex.org/W2018465285","https://openalex.org/W2119180732","https://openalex.org/W2157544215","https://openalex.org/W2159306398","https://openalex.org/W2185003630","https://openalex.org/W2201269903","https://openalex.org/W2262899948","https://openalex.org/W2311401901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388631718","https://openalex.org/W2991544021","https://openalex.org/W3004767157","https://openalex.org/W2038770949","https://openalex.org/W2017320844","https://openalex.org/W2133253360","https://openalex.org/W2612127225","https://openalex.org/W2246805377","https://openalex.org/W2181594061","https://openalex.org/W2155918115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background.":[0],"Over":[1],"the":[2,33,128,137,159,315],"last":[3],"few":[4],"decades,":[5],"in":[6,16,77,100,107,142,163,174,241,279,287,309],"developing":[7],"nations":[8],"including":[9],"India,":[10,108],"there":[11],"have":[12],"been":[13],"rapid":[14],"developments":[15],"information":[17],"and":[18,53,63,71,79,88,91,103,111,135,145,167,199,219,223,274,282,300,306,330],"communication":[19],"technologies":[20],"with":[21,92],"progress":[22],"towards":[23],"sustainable":[24],"development":[25],"goals":[26],"facilitating":[27,164],"universal":[28],"access":[29,97],"to":[30,65,98,215,244,254,270],"education.":[31],"With":[32,248],"aim":[34],"of":[35,42,85,118,132,139,155,221,233,260,317,345,355],"augmenting":[36],"laboratory":[37,361],"skill":[38],"training,":[39],"India\u2019s":[40],"Ministry":[41],"Human":[43],"Resource":[44],"Development":[45],"(MHRD)\u2019s":[46],"National":[47],"Mission":[48],"on":[49,95,127,348],"Education":[50],"through":[51,184],"Information":[52],"Communication":[54],"Technology":[55],"(NME-ICT),":[56],"launched":[57],"Virtual":[58],"laboratories":[59,116,134,162,238,266,298,320,357],"project,":[60],"enabling":[61],"professors":[62,202],"institutions":[64],"deliver":[66],"interactive":[67],"animations,":[68],"mathematical":[69],"simulators":[70],"remotely-controlled":[72],"equipment":[73],"for":[74,149,328],"online":[75,122,140,211,227,280,289,350,363],"experiments":[76,141],"biosciences":[78],"engineering":[80],"courses.":[81],"Towards":[82],"that":[83],"mission":[84],"improving":[86,96],"teaching":[87,172,272,276],"learning":[89,166,304,326],"quality":[90],"a":[93,171,175,245,322,359],"focus":[94],"users":[99,347],"geographically":[101],"remote":[102,224],"economically":[104,334],"constrained":[105],"institutes":[106],"we":[109,157],"developed":[110],"deployed":[112],"over":[113,119],"30":[114],"web-based":[115],"consisting":[117],"360":[120],"computer-based":[121],"experiments.":[123],"This":[124],"paper":[125],"focuses":[126],"design,":[129],"development,":[130],"deployment":[131],"virtual":[133,161,222,237,257,265,297,319,356],"assesses":[136],"role":[138,160],"providing":[143],"self-learning":[144,255],"novel":[146,285],"pedagogical":[147,292],"practices":[148],"user":[150],"communities.":[151],"Methods.":[152],"As":[153],"part":[154],"deployment,":[156],"evaluated":[158],"self-organized":[165,323],"usage":[168,217,281,340],"perception":[169],"as":[170,291,321,358],"tool":[173],"blended":[176,310],"education":[177,325],"system.":[178],"Direct":[179],"feedback":[180,212,283],"data":[181],"was":[182],"collected":[183],"organized":[185],"workshops":[186],"from":[187,203,213,333],"386":[188,249],"university-level":[189],"students,":[190,250],"192":[191],"final":[192],"year":[193],"higher":[194,240],"secondary":[195],"school":[196],"(pre-university)":[197],"students":[198,234,332],"234":[200],"college":[201],"various":[204],"places":[205],"across":[206],"India.":[207],"We":[208],"also":[209],"included":[210],"2012-2018":[214],"interpret":[216],"analysis":[218,313],"adaptability":[220],"labs":[225],"by":[226],"users.":[228],"Results.":[229],"More":[230],"than":[231],"80%":[232,251],"who":[235,263],"used":[236],"scored":[239],"examinations":[242],"compared":[243],"control":[246],"group.":[247],"suggested":[252],"adapted":[253],"using":[256,268],"laboratories.":[258],"82%":[259],"university":[261,329],"teachers":[262],"employ":[264],"indicated":[267,296,342],"them":[269],"complement":[271],"material":[273],"reduce":[275],"time.":[277],"Increase":[278],"suggests":[284,314],"trends":[286],"incorporating":[288],"platforms":[290],"tools.":[293],"Discussion.":[294],"Feedback":[295],"altered":[299],"enhanced":[301],"student\u2019s":[302],"autonomous":[303],"abilities":[305],"improved":[307],"interaction":[308],"classrooms.":[311],"Pedagogical":[312],"use":[316],"ICT-enabled":[318],"distance":[324],"platform":[327],"pre-university":[331],"challenged":[335],"or":[336],"time-restrained":[337],"environments.":[338],"Online":[339],"statistics":[341],"steady":[343],"increase":[344],"new":[346],"this":[349],"repository":[351],"suggesting":[352],"global":[353],"acceptance":[354],"complementing":[360],"skill-training":[362],"repository.":[364]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}