{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409254458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62056/ayzoxrxqi","title":"Unconditional Quantum Cryptography with a Bounded Number of Keys","display_name":"Unconditional Quantum Cryptography with a Bounded Number of Keys","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409254458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62056/ayzoxrxqi"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.62056/ayzoxrxqi","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62056/ayzoxrxqi","pdf_url":"https://cic.iacr.org/p/2/1/5/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394708374","display_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","issn_l":"3006-5496","issn":["3006-5496"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320989","host_organization_name":"International Association for Cryptologic Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320989"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Association for Cryptologic Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://cic.iacr.org/p/2/1/5/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102383383","display_name":"Vipul Goyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2774-6892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105847","display_name":"NTT Basic Research Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01m2pas06","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105847"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vipul Goyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105847"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007500399","display_name":"Giulio Malavolta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9737-0094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71209653","display_name":"Bocconi University","ror":"https://ror.org/05crjpb27","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71209653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulio Malavolta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bocconi University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9737-0094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bocconi University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71209653"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055773518","display_name":"Bhaskar Roberts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4057-5952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhaskar Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4057-5952","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7588,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85921298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","score":0.6805108785629272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.6572177410125732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-based-cryptography","display_name":"Lattice-based cryptography","score":0.6258519887924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5934682488441467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Post-quantum cryptography","score":0.49581632018089294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44221633672714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.42249301075935364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.38117751479148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3517336845397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2945311367511749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.27786684036254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.21350684762001038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1997033655643463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.18417498469352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.14387407898902893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.6805108785629272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.6572177410125732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497083","display_name":"Lattice-based cryptography","level":5,"score":0.6258519887924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5934682488441467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108277079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233576","display_name":"Post-quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.49581632018089294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44221633672714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.42249301075935364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.38117751479148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3517336845397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2945311367511749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.27786684036254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.21350684762001038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1997033655643463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.18417498469352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.14387407898902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.62056/ayzoxrxqi","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62056/ayzoxrxqi","pdf_url":"https://cic.iacr.org/p/2/1/5/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394708374","display_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","issn_l":"3006-5496","issn":["3006-5496"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320989","host_organization_name":"International Association for Cryptologic Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320989"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Association for Cryptologic Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.62056/ayzoxrxqi","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62056/ayzoxrxqi","pdf_url":"https://cic.iacr.org/p/2/1/5/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394708374","display_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","issn_l":"3006-5496","issn":["3006-5496"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320989","host_organization_name":"International Association for Cryptologic Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320989"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Association for Cryptologic Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G18682879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"390781972","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409254458.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409254458.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1892798954","https://openalex.org/W2169660454","https://openalex.org/W3006476916","https://openalex.org/W3006823398","https://openalex.org/W3037687232","https://openalex.org/W3103870741","https://openalex.org/W4308166744","https://openalex.org/W4309182519","https://openalex.org/W4362706769","https://openalex.org/W4389010920","https://openalex.org/W4389011019","https://openalex.org/W4401666663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2315723423","https://openalex.org/W4385627932","https://openalex.org/W2411027466","https://openalex.org/W3194469932","https://openalex.org/W2295565109","https://openalex.org/W4235564189","https://openalex.org/W2591713603","https://openalex.org/W3201289751","https://openalex.org/W2945072089","https://openalex.org/W4389982864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,52,110],"construct":[1],"the":[2,18,29,39,49,61,64,73,83,108,148,156,164,171,196,204],"following":[3],"cryptographic":[4],"primitives":[5],"with":[6,129,134],"unconditional":[7],"security":[8,68],"in":[9,82,170],"a":[10,43,95,105,124,185],"bounded-key":[11],"model:":[12],"*":[13,25],"One-time":[14,26],"public-key":[15],"encryption,":[16],"where":[17,28],"public":[19,50],"keys":[20,31],"are":[21,32,70],"pure":[22,33],"quantum":[23,34,74,89,151],"states":[24,152,200],"signatures,":[27],"verification":[30],"states.":[35],"In":[36],"our":[37],"model,":[38],"adversary":[40],"is":[41,123,161],"given":[42,101],"bounded":[44],"number":[45,149,165,197],"of":[46,48,63,85,97,104,126,150,159,166,189,198,207],"copies":[47,103],"key.":[51],"present":[53],"efficient":[54],"constructions":[55],"and":[56,117],"nearly-tight":[57],"lower":[58],"bounds":[59],"for":[60,184],"size":[62],"secret":[65],"keys.":[66],"Our":[67,119,138],"proofs":[69],"based":[71],"on":[72,141],"coupon":[75,90,127,173,199],"collector":[76,91,174],"problem,":[77],"which":[78],"was":[79],"originally":[80],"studied":[81],"context":[84],"learning":[86],"theory.":[87],"The":[88],"seeks":[92],"to":[93,154,163,202],"learn":[94,155,203],"set":[96,158,188,206],"strings":[98],"(coupons)":[99],"when":[100],"several":[102],"superposition":[106],"over":[107],"coupons.":[109,208],"make":[111],"novel":[112],"connections":[113],"between":[114],"this":[115,181],"problem":[116],"cryptography.":[118],"main":[120],"technical":[121],"ingredient":[122],"family":[125],"states,":[128],"randomized":[130],"phases,":[131],"that":[132,147,180],"come":[133],"strong":[135],"hardness":[136],"properties.":[137],"analysis":[139],"improves":[140],"prior":[142,192],"work":[143,193],"by":[144],"(i)":[145],"showing":[146],"needed":[153,169],"entire":[157],"coupons":[160,168],"identical":[162],"random":[167],"classical":[172],"problem.":[175],"(ii)":[176],"Furthermore":[177],"we":[178],"prove":[179],"result":[182],"holds":[183],"randomly":[186],"chosen":[187],"coupons,":[190],"whereas":[191],"only":[194],"lower-bounded":[195],"required":[201],"worst-case":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}