{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400413574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62056/akdkp2fgx","title":"Randomness Generation for Secure Hardware Masking \u2013 Unrolled Trivium to the Rescue","display_name":"Randomness Generation for Secure Hardware Masking \u2013 Unrolled Trivium to the Rescue","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400413574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62056/akdkp2fgx"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.62056/akdkp2fgx","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62056/akdkp2fgx","pdf_url":"https://cic.iacr.org/p/1/2/4/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394708374","display_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","issn_l":"3006-5496","issn":["3006-5496"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320989","host_organization_name":"International Association for Cryptologic Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320989"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Association for Cryptologic Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://cic.iacr.org/p/1/2/4/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059445412","display_name":"Ga\u00ebtan Cassiers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5426-9345"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ga\u00ebtan Cassiers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crypto Group, ICTEAM Institute, UCLouvain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5426-9345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crypto Group, ICTEAM Institute, UCLouvain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060333301","display_name":"Lo\u00efc Masure","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2978-4067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19894307","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/051escj72","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19894307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101743","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Robotique et de Micro\u00e9lectronique de Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/013yean28","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I151295451","https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I4210101743","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4405261681"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lo\u00efc Masure","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, LIRMM, CNRS"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2978-4067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, LIRMM, CNRS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210101743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039780407","display_name":"Charles Momin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Momin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crypto Group, ICTEAM Institute, UCLouvain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crypto Group, ICTEAM Institute, UCLouvain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014843693","display_name":"Thorben Moos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3809-9803"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorben Moos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crypto Group, ICTEAM Institute, UCLouvain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3809-9803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crypto Group, ICTEAM Institute, UCLouvain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012815811","display_name":"Amir Moradi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4032-7433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Moradi","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Darmstadt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4032-7433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070542865","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois\u2010Xavier Standaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7444-0285"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier Standaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Crypto Group, ICTEAM Institute, UCLouvain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7444-0285","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crypto Group, ICTEAM Institute, UCLouvain","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059445412"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2119,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94691202,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7585560083389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.7122743725776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.6185550093650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5628550052642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5179630517959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorandom-number-generator","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generator","score":0.48083218932151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masking","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","score":0.4736256003379822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stream-cipher","display_name":"Stream cipher","score":0.42355093359947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3872383236885071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.37577179074287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3716520667076111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35250407457351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.27105435729026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18905967473983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1110047698020935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7585560083389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.7122743725776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.6185550093650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5628550052642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5179630517959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140642157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1623338","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generator","level":2,"score":0.48083218932151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.4736256003379822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92950451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864718","display_name":"Stream cipher","level":3,"score":0.42355093359947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3872383236885071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.37577179074287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3716520667076111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35250407457351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27105435729026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18905967473983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1110047698020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.62056/akdkp2fgx","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62056/akdkp2fgx","pdf_url":"https://cic.iacr.org/p/1/2/4/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394708374","display_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","issn_l":"3006-5496","issn":["3006-5496"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320989","host_organization_name":"International Association for Cryptologic Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320989"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Association for Cryptologic Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:lirmm-04639398v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-04639398","pdf_url":"https://hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/lirmm-04639398/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology, 2024, 1 (2), 52 p. &#x27E8;10.62056/akdkp2fgx&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:306064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/306064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401974","display_name":"DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology, Vol. 1, no. 2, p. 52 (2024)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.62056/akdkp2fgx","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62056/akdkp2fgx","pdf_url":"https://cic.iacr.org/p/1/2/4/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394708374","display_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","issn_l":"3006-5496","issn":["3006-5496"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320989","host_organization_name":"International Association for Cryptologic Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320989"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Association for Cryptologic Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G18682879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"390781972","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1999545802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"724725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5641042146","display_name":"Connecting Symmetric and Asymmetric  Cryptography for Leakage and Faults","funder_award_id":"101096871","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321390","display_name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","ror":"https://ror.org/03q83t159"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400413574.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400413574.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":111,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50142698","https://openalex.org/W102155185","https://openalex.org/W130128522","https://openalex.org/W168427323","https://openalex.org/W170084955","https://openalex.org/W191000419","https://openalex.org/W777277666","https://openalex.org/W893787189","https://openalex.org/W1437462824","https://openalex.org/W1482605212","https://openalex.org/W1500386894","https://openalex.org/W1511360501","https://openalex.org/W1518716055","https://openalex.org/W1539249970","https://openalex.org/W1541150254","https://openalex.org/W1548778197","https://openalex.org/W1561363170","https://openalex.org/W1562286769","https://openalex.org/W1565672394","https://openalex.org/W1567394420","https://openalex.org/W1568780897","https://openalex.org/W1569212589","https://openalex.org/W1573222895","https://openalex.org/W1575446397","https://openalex.org/W1592625985","https://openalex.org/W1597788343","https://openalex.org/W1598509576","https://openalex.org/W1598916050","https://openalex.org/W1599175145","https://openalex.org/W1668897352","https://openalex.org/W1670500909","https://openalex.org/W1753795543","https://openalex.org/W1755066991","https://openalex.org/W1794592934","https://openalex.org/W1873852107","https://openalex.org/W1897761346","https://openalex.org/W2020754854","https://openalex.org/W2023823680","https://openalex.org/W2036706815","https://openalex.org/W2074698817","https://openalex.org/W2076397729","https://openalex.org/W2120646029","https://openalex.org/W2128546931","https://openalex.org/W2138109426","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2157891080","https://openalex.org/W2167208487","https://openalex.org/W2171899543","https://openalex.org/W2199279747","https://openalex.org/W2219812381","https://openalex.org/W2241259389","https://openalex.org/W2251439738","https://openalex.org/W2289561827","https://openalex.org/W2404493879","https://openalex.org/W2418954816","https://openalex.org/W2477136977","https://openalex.org/W2479727864","https://openalex.org/W2484680112","https://openalex.org/W2524910869","https://openalex.org/W2534456676","https://openalex.org/W2536698892","https://openalex.org/W2566223449","https://openalex.org/W2570230384","https://openalex.org/W2572117397","https://openalex.org/W2591961801","https://openalex.org/W2605279000","https://openalex.org/W2740336530","https://openalex.org/W2745693247","https://openalex.org/W2751043011","https://openalex.org/W2774930797","https://openalex.org/W2805145392","https://openalex.org/W2808397278","https://openalex.org/W2896286715","https://openalex.org/W2896450231","https://openalex.org/W2897394875","https://openalex.org/W2927948414","https://openalex.org/W2944942867","https://openalex.org/W2954805925","https://openalex.org/W2990361379","https://openalex.org/W2992628949","https://openalex.org/W3004433901","https://openalex.org/W3031502964","https://openalex.org/W3037092799","https://openalex.org/W3041769990","https://openalex.org/W3044017192","https://openalex.org/W3046410289","https://openalex.org/W3085353452","https://openalex.org/W3126245743","https://openalex.org/W3133865019","https://openalex.org/W3157683630","https://openalex.org/W3173700271","https://openalex.org/W3206836621","https://openalex.org/W3217391403","https://openalex.org/W4212936814","https://openalex.org/W4221070014","https://openalex.org/W4231286867","https://openalex.org/W4234875403","https://openalex.org/W4241018426","https://openalex.org/W4241366606","https://openalex.org/W4246285808","https://openalex.org/W4247232220","https://openalex.org/W4281754043","https://openalex.org/W4285414012","https://openalex.org/W4289659621","https://openalex.org/W4293077557","https://openalex.org/W4294326417","https://openalex.org/W4298013909","https://openalex.org/W4299428211","https://openalex.org/W4299445527","https://openalex.org/W4308391452","https://openalex.org/W4378587133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2795569938","https://openalex.org/W4396918230","https://openalex.org/W3134921237","https://openalex.org/W95325373","https://openalex.org/W2032644301","https://openalex.org/W2344061241","https://openalex.org/W2166239524","https://openalex.org/W236957874","https://openalex.org/W2772380824","https://openalex.org/W1503589388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Masking":[0],"is":[1,49,92,198,406,421],"a":[2,79,152,234,315,445,448],"prominent":[3],"strategy":[4],"to":[5,78,104,114,119,125,211,287,367,387,438,447],"protect":[6],"cryptographic":[7],"implementations":[8,184],"against":[9],"side-channel":[10],"analysis.":[11],"Its":[12],"popularity":[13],"arises":[14],"from":[15,135,272,444],"the":[16,32,50,70,83,189,202,240,276,305,326,344,407,417],"exponential":[17],"security":[18,86,257,283,349],"gains":[19],"that":[20,61,162,267,416],"can":[21,280,355],"be":[22,120,356],"achieved":[23],"for":[24,35,53,143,157,200,239,325],"(approximately)":[25],"quadratic":[26],"resource":[27],"utilization.":[28],"Many":[29],"variants":[30],"of":[31,47,72,82,88,97,108,154,185,192,206,225,230,299,307,317,328,347,409],"countermeasure":[33],"tailored":[34],"different":[36],"optimization":[37],"goals":[38],"have":[39],"been":[40],"proposed.":[41],"The":[42],"common":[43],"denominator":[44],"among":[45],"all":[46],"them":[48],"implicit":[51],"demand":[52],"robust":[54],"and":[55,139,160,168,247,284,294,302,350],"high":[56],"entropy":[57],"randomness.":[58],"Simply":[59],"assuming":[60],"uniformly":[62],"distributed":[63],"random":[64,109,338,410],"bits":[65,110,131,194,232,271,339,411],"are":[66,102,223],"available,":[67],"without":[68],"taking":[69],"cost":[71,244,327,354,418],"their":[73],"generation":[74,191,301],"into":[75],"account,":[76],"leads":[77],"poor":[80],"understanding":[81],"efficiency":[84],"vs.":[85],"tradeoff":[87],"masked":[89,144,278],"implementations.":[90,146],"This":[91,434],"especially":[93],"relevant":[94],"in":[95,179,275,427,452],"case":[96],"hardware":[98,145,453],"masking":[99,208,454],"schemes":[100],"which":[101,197],"known":[103],"consume":[105],"large":[106,203],"amounts":[107],"per":[111,132,195,237,340,419],"cycle":[112,134,238],"due":[113],"parallelism.":[115],"Currently,":[116],"there":[117],"seems":[118],"no":[121],"consensus":[122],"on":[123,343],"how":[124],"most":[126,175],"efficiently":[127],"derive":[128],"many":[129,193],"pseudo-random":[130],"clock":[133],"an":[136,180,273,296,322],"initial":[137],"seed":[138],"with":[140],"properties":[141],"suitable":[142],"In":[147],"this":[148,158,353],"work,":[149],"we":[150,320],"evaluate":[151],"number":[153,408],"building":[155],"blocks":[156],"purpose":[159],"find":[161],"hardware-oriented":[163],"stream":[164,312],"ciphers":[165],"like":[166,311],"Trivium":[167,246],"its":[169],"reduced-security":[170],"variant":[171],"Bivium":[172,248],"B":[173],"outperform":[174],"competitors":[176],"when":[177,220],"implemented":[178],"unrolled":[181],"fashion.":[182],"Unrolled":[183],"these":[186,251,292],"primitives":[187,310],"enable":[188],"flexible":[190],"cycle,":[196],"crucial":[199],"satisfying":[201],"randomness":[204,289,300,442],"demands":[205],"state-of-the-art":[207],"schemes.":[209],"According":[210],"our":[212,318],"analysis,":[213],"only":[214,261],"Linear":[215],"Feedback":[216],"Shift":[217],"Registers":[218],"(LFSRs),":[219],"also":[221],"unrolled,":[222],"capable":[224],"producing":[226],"long":[227],"non-repetitive":[228],"sequences":[229],"random-looking":[231],"at":[233],"higher":[235],"rate":[236],"same":[241,277],"or":[242,379],"lower":[243,424],"as":[245,258,357,359],"B.":[249],"Yet,":[250],"instances":[252],"do":[253],"not":[254],"provide":[255,321],"black-box":[256,348],"they":[259],"generate":[260],"linear":[262],"outputs.":[263],"We":[264],"experimentally":[265],"demonstrate":[266,415],"using":[268],"multiple":[269],"output":[270],"LFSR":[274],"implementation":[279],"violate":[281],"probing":[282],"even":[285],"lead":[286],"harmful":[288],"cancellations.":[290],"Circumventing":[291],"problems,":[293],"enabling":[295],"independent":[297],"analysis":[298],"masking,":[303],"requires":[304],"use":[306],"cryptographically":[308],"stronger":[309],"ciphers.":[313],"As":[314],"result":[316],"studies,":[319],"evidence-based":[323],"estimate":[324],"securely":[329],"generating":[330],"<mml:math":[331,360,368,380,388,400],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">":[332,361,369,381,389,401],"<mml:mrow>":[333,362,370,382,390,402],"<mml:mi>n</mml:mi>":[334,364,372,384,392,403],"</mml:mrow>":[335,365,373,385,393,404],"</mml:math>":[336,366,374,386,394,405],"fresh":[337],"cycle.":[341],"Depending":[342],"desired":[345],"level":[346],"operating":[351],"frequency,":[352],"low":[358,441],"<mml:mn>20</mml:mn>":[363],"<mml:mn>30</mml:mn>":[371],"ASIC":[375],"gate":[376],"equivalents":[377],"(GE)":[378],"<mml:mn>3</mml:mn>":[383],"<mml:mn>4</mml:mn>":[391],"FPGA":[395],"look-up":[396],"tables":[397],"(LUTs),":[398],"where":[399],"required.":[412],"Our":[413],"results":[414],"bit":[420],"(sometimes":[422],"significantly)":[423],"than":[425],"estimated":[426],"previous":[428],"works,":[429],"incentivizing":[430],"parallelism":[431],"whenever":[432],"exploitable.":[433],"provides":[435],"further":[436],"motivation":[437],"potentially":[439],"move":[440],"usage":[443],"primary":[446],"secondary":[449],"design":[450],"goal":[451],"research.":[455]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}