{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160271776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62056/ahjbksa5v","title":"Drawing the $\ud835\uddab\ud835\udda8\ud835\uddad\ud835\udda4$: Cryptographic Analysis and Security Improvements for the $\ud835\uddab\ud835\udda8\ud835\uddad\ud835\udda4$ E2EE Protocol","display_name":"Drawing the $\ud835\uddab\ud835\udda8\ud835\uddad\ud835\udda4$: Cryptographic Analysis and Security Improvements for the $\ud835\uddab\ud835\udda8\ud835\uddad\ud835\udda4$ E2EE Protocol","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160271776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62056/ahjbksa5v"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.62056/ahjbksa5v","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62056/ahjbksa5v","pdf_url":"https://cic.iacr.org/p/3/1/29/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394708374","display_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","issn_l":"3006-5496","issn":["3006-5496"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320989","host_organization_name":"International Association for Cryptologic Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320989"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Association for Cryptologic Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://cic.iacr.org/p/3/1/29/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135396433","display_name":"Benjamin Dowling","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Dowling","raw_affiliation_strings":["King's College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King's College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135295807","display_name":"Prosanta Gope","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prosanta Gope","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135318507","display_name":"Mehr Nisa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehr Nisa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135289959","display_name":"Bhagya Wimalasiri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhagya Wimalasiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["King's College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King's College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.0209,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99101514,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9041000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9041000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.013899999670684338,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.7095000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-exchange","display_name":"Key exchange","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.6035000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5428000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.46560001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security-model","display_name":"Computer security model","score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-secrecy","display_name":"Forward secrecy","score":0.4399000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4366999864578247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.7095000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6606000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.6035000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5428000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.46560001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121822524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157582","display_name":"Computer security model","level":2,"score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205009425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q935662","display_name":"Forward secrecy","level":4,"score":0.4399000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130881749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586894","display_name":"Security association","level":5,"score":0.42320001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17886624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320561","display_name":"Key management","level":3,"score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131672422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852594","display_name":"Provable security","level":3,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72648740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658476","display_name":"Public key infrastructure","level":4,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114869243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133735","display_name":"Security through obscurity","level":5,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31139447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380386","display_name":"Enterprise information security architecture","level":2,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165922616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4241181","display_name":"Strong cryptography","level":3,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777572472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825878","display_name":"Authenticated Key Exchange","level":5,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899388","display_name":"Data security","level":3,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9996903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749235","display_name":"Cryptographic nonce","level":3,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32455479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506053","display_name":"Kerberos","level":3,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165751822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7894118","display_name":"Universal composability","level":4,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173104861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476032","display_name":"Wireless Transport Layer Security","level":5,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195518309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13424265","display_name":"Security testing","level":5,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154908896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167404","display_name":"Security policy","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.62056/ahjbksa5v","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62056/ahjbksa5v","pdf_url":"https://cic.iacr.org/p/3/1/29/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394708374","display_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","issn_l":"3006-5496","issn":["3006-5496"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320989","host_organization_name":"International Association for Cryptologic Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320989"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Association for Cryptologic Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.62056/ahjbksa5v","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62056/ahjbksa5v","pdf_url":"https://cic.iacr.org/p/3/1/29/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394708374","display_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","issn_l":"3006-5496","issn":["3006-5496"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320989","host_organization_name":"International Association for Cryptologic Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320989"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Association for Cryptologic Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.45176565647125244,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6686471670","display_name":"PQ4DH - A Pathway for Quantum-Vulnerable Cryptography","funder_award_id":"UKRI156","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7160271776.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7160271776.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1826672334","https://openalex.org/W1910751411","https://openalex.org/W1996182770","https://openalex.org/W2041428801","https://openalex.org/W2092279637","https://openalex.org/W2164428090","https://openalex.org/W2179629416","https://openalex.org/W2566711147","https://openalex.org/W2886928655","https://openalex.org/W2903043053","https://openalex.org/W2965298324","https://openalex.org/W2982383923","https://openalex.org/W3006215191","https://openalex.org/W4288057802","https://openalex.org/W4385654501","https://openalex.org/W4389546188","https://openalex.org/W4392358714","https://openalex.org/W4402264005","https://openalex.org/W4409854744","https://openalex.org/W4409854801"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"LINE":[0,46,69,124],"has":[1],"emerged":[2],"as":[3,96],"one":[4],"of":[5,22,44,67,106,122],"the":[6,39,45,63,68,74,104,123],"most":[7],"popular":[8],"communication":[9],"platforms":[10],"in":[11,57],"many":[12],"East":[13],"Asian":[14],"countries,":[15],"including":[16],"Thailand":[17],"and":[18,65,99,110,128,133],"Japan,":[19],"with":[20],"millions":[21],"active":[23],"users.":[24],"Therefore,":[25],"it":[26],"is":[27],"essential":[28],"to":[29,130],"understand":[30],"its":[31,54],"security":[32,42,66,93,112],"guarantees.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"work,":[36],"we":[37,102,117],"present":[38],"first":[40],"provable":[41],"analysis":[43],"version":[47,121],"two":[48],"(LINEv2":[49],"messaging":[50,70],"protocol,":[51,125],"focusing":[52],"on":[53],"cryptographic":[55,84],"guarantees":[56],"a":[58,80,119],"real-world":[59],"setting.":[60],"We":[61],"capture":[62],"architecture":[64],"protocol":[71],"by":[72],"modifying":[73],"Multi-Stage":[75],"Key":[76],"Exchange":[77],"(MSKE)":[78],"model,":[79],"framework":[81],"for":[82],"analysing":[83,132],"protocols":[85],"under":[86],"adversarial":[87],"conditions.":[88],"While":[89],"LINEv2":[90],"achieves":[91],"basic":[92],"properties":[94],"such":[95],"key":[97],"indistinguishability":[98],"message":[100],"authentication,":[101],"highlight":[103],"lack":[105],"forward":[107],"secrecy":[108],"(FS)":[109],"post-compromise":[111],"(PCS).":[113],"To":[114],"address":[115],"this,":[116],"introduce":[118],"stronger":[120],"introducing":[126],"FS":[127],"PCS":[129],"LINE,":[131],"benchmarking":[134],"our":[135],"results.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-06T00:00:00"}
