{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403175142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62056/a0fh89n4e","title":"Unpacking Needs Protection","display_name":"Unpacking Needs Protection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403175142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62056/a0fh89n4e"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.62056/a0fh89n4e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62056/a0fh89n4e","pdf_url":"https://cic.iacr.org/p/1/3/12/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394708374","display_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","issn_l":"3006-5496","issn":["3006-5496"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320989","host_organization_name":"International Association for Cryptologic Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320989"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Association for Cryptologic Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://cic.iacr.org/p/1/3/12/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002746311","display_name":"Ruize Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6281-4091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruize Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069027667","display_name":"Kalle Ngo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9842-2038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalle Ngo","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9842-2038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052969693","display_name":"Joel G\u00e4rtner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3724-2914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel G\u00e4rtner","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3724-2914","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011438358","display_name":"Elena Dubrova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-9408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Dubrova","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-9408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2778,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62892775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unpacking","display_name":"Unpacking","score":0.8668192625045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7011174559593201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.6564444899559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byte","display_name":"Byte","score":0.6107697486877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6057969927787781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5951421856880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-analysis","display_name":"Power analysis","score":0.5651974678039551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5257906913757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4855591952800751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.436541348695755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.41810399293899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.35643988847732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3522735834121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34546101093292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20625457167625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.16780394315719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09595784544944763}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777256151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7897273","display_name":"Unpacking","level":2,"score":0.8668192625045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7011174559593201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.6564444899559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.6107697486877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6057969927787781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5951421856880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71743495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845210","display_name":"Power analysis","level":3,"score":0.5651974678039551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5257906913757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4855591952800751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.436541348695755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.41810399293899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35643988847732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3522735834121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34546101093292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20625457167625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.16780394315719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09595784544944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.62056/a0fh89n4e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62056/a0fh89n4e","pdf_url":"https://cic.iacr.org/p/1/3/12/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394708374","display_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","issn_l":"3006-5496","issn":["3006-5496"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320989","host_organization_name":"International Association for Cryptologic Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320989"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Association for Cryptologic Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:kth-371699","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-371699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.62056/a0fh89n4e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62056/a0fh89n4e","pdf_url":"https://cic.iacr.org/p/1/3/12/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394708374","display_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","issn_l":"3006-5496","issn":["3006-5496"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320989","host_organization_name":"International Association for Cryptologic Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320989"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Association for Cryptologic Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Communications in Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403175142.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506156414","https://openalex.org/W1562542037","https://openalex.org/W1613874182","https://openalex.org/W1774054610","https://openalex.org/W1897761346","https://openalex.org/W2126483728","https://openalex.org/W2140823840","https://openalex.org/W2141040012","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2400700555","https://openalex.org/W2487967864","https://openalex.org/W2556867355","https://openalex.org/W2746796098","https://openalex.org/W2891841929","https://openalex.org/W2894517745","https://openalex.org/W2898787455","https://openalex.org/W2903143476","https://openalex.org/W2904756156","https://openalex.org/W2923594358","https://openalex.org/W2952033682","https://openalex.org/W2981599111","https://openalex.org/W2990826112","https://openalex.org/W2995935153","https://openalex.org/W3013288840","https://openalex.org/W3081745170","https://openalex.org/W3092436054","https://openalex.org/W3097833434","https://openalex.org/W3115739041","https://openalex.org/W3119473183","https://openalex.org/W3127035137","https://openalex.org/W3182276460","https://openalex.org/W3184771349","https://openalex.org/W3185786624","https://openalex.org/W4200446781","https://openalex.org/W4206724325","https://openalex.org/W4226075590","https://openalex.org/W4244459731","https://openalex.org/W4281627288","https://openalex.org/W4285302767","https://openalex.org/W4289115712","https://openalex.org/W4311167566","https://openalex.org/W4361983685","https://openalex.org/W4381430786","https://openalex.org/W4385711937","https://openalex.org/W4386308000","https://openalex.org/W4386328197","https://openalex.org/W4386328296","https://openalex.org/W4387319508","https://openalex.org/W4389395060","https://openalex.org/W4392529236","https://openalex.org/W4392753810","https://openalex.org/W6904124101"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W5280335","https://openalex.org/W2811273613","https://openalex.org/W2989964095","https://openalex.org/W2164725015","https://openalex.org/W2782264121","https://openalex.org/W4323926098","https://openalex.org/W4384807855","https://openalex.org/W2022533428","https://openalex.org/W182679101","https://openalex.org/W4244949874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"of":[1,16,67,87,120,128,131,169,177,182,197,205,222,233],"the":[2,14,17,48,85,96,107,123,129,132,136,148,170,178,195,228,231],"previous":[3],"attacks":[4],"on":[5,157,217],"Dilithium":[6],"exploit":[7],"side-channel":[8],"information":[9],"which":[10],"is":[11,23,29,53,78,104,139,150],"leaked":[12],"during":[13,43,76,84],"computation":[15,86],"polynomial":[18],"multiplication":[19],"cs1,":[20],"where":[21,163],"s1":[22,134,193,206,237],"a":[24,30,38,112,126,202,239,244,250],"small-norm":[25],"secret":[26,44,98,114,133],"and":[27,65,135,147,165],"c":[28,90],"verifier's":[31],"challenge.":[32],"In":[33,122],"this":[34],"paper,":[35],"we":[36],"present":[37,117],"new":[39],"attack":[40,229],"utilizing":[41],"leakage":[42,75,83],"key":[45,99],"unpacking":[46,52,77],"in":[47,56,106],"signing":[49],"algorithm.":[50],"The":[51,185,224],"also":[54],"used":[55],"other":[57],"post-quantum":[58],"cryptographic":[59],"algorithms,":[60],"including":[61],"Kyber,":[62],"because":[63],"inputs":[64],"outputs":[66],"their":[68],"API":[69],"functions":[70],"are":[71,167],"byte":[72],"arrays.":[73],"Exploiting":[74],"more":[79],"challenging":[80],"than":[81],"exploiting":[82],"cs1":[88],"since":[89],"varies":[91],"for":[92],"each":[93],"signing,":[94],"while":[95],"unpacked":[97],"remains":[100],"constant.":[101],"Therefore,":[102],"post-processing":[103],"required":[105],"latter":[108],"case":[109,174],"to":[110,191,207],"recover":[111,236],"full":[113],"key.":[115,172],"We":[116,213],"two":[118],"variants":[119,216],"post-processing.":[121],"first":[124],"one,":[125],"half":[127],"coefficients":[130],"error":[137],"s2":[138],"recovered":[140,209],"by":[141,152,210],"profiled":[142],"deep":[143],"learning-assisted":[144],"power":[145,211],"analysis":[146],"rest":[149],"derived":[151],"solving":[153],"linear":[154],"equations":[155],"based":[156],"t":[158,166],"=":[159],"As1":[160],"+":[161],"s2,":[162],"A":[164],"parts":[168],"public":[171],"This":[173],"assumes":[175],"knowledge":[176,196,232],"least":[179],"significant":[180],"bits":[181],"t,":[183],"t0.":[184,198],"second":[186],"variant":[187],"uses":[188],"lattice":[189],"reduction":[190],"derive":[192],"without":[194],"However,":[199],"it":[200],"needs":[201],"larger":[203],"portion":[204],"be":[208],"analysis.":[212],"evaluate":[214],"both":[215],"an":[218],"ARM":[219],"Cortex-M4":[220],"implementation":[221],"Dilithium-2.":[223],"experiments":[225],"show":[226],"that":[227],"assuming":[230],"t0":[234],"can":[235],"from":[238,243,246],"single":[240],"trace":[241],"captured":[242],"different":[245],"profiling":[247],"device":[248],"with":[249],"non-negligible":[251],"probability.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
