{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416382350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62036/isd.2025.84","title":"Vehicle Detection in Parking Lots Using Deep Learning Techniques","display_name":"Vehicle Detection in Parking Lots Using Deep Learning Techniques","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416382350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62036/isd.2025.84"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.62036/isd.2025.84","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62036/isd.2025.84","pdf_url":"https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1763&context=isd2014","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404677940","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems Development","issn_l":"2938-5202","issn":["2938-5202"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Information Systems Development","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1763&context=isd2014","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120555699","display_name":"Lukasz Milosnicki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukasz Milosnicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gdansk University of Technology, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gdansk University of Technology, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120364827","display_name":"Mateusz Milosnicki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mateusz Milosnicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gdansk University of Technology, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gdansk University of Technology, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022629545","display_name":"Szymon Zaporowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0814-1097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Szymon Zaporowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gdansk University of Technology, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gdansk University of Technology, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38794563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.5029000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.5029000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.226500004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.09139999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7307000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6891999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6363999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5300999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.3725000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7307000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6891999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6599000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6388000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6363999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5300999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69398868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129052","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","level":3,"score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780156472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2355550","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","level":3,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777427512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501349","display_name":"Parking lot","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.62036/isd.2025.84","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62036/isd.2025.84","pdf_url":"https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1763&context=isd2014","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404677940","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems Development","issn_l":"2938-5202","issn":["2938-5202"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Information Systems Development","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aisel.aisnet.org:isd2014-1763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://aisel.aisnet.org/isd2014/proceedings2025/datascience/54","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30879505","display_name":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems","issn_l":"1536-9323","issn":["1536-9323"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321080","host_organization_name":"Association for Information Systems","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321080"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Information Systems"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems Development (ISD)","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.62036/isd.2025.84","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62036/isd.2025.84","pdf_url":"https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1763&context=isd2014","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404677940","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems Development","issn_l":"2938-5202","issn":["2938-5202"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Information Systems Development","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1221596592","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POIR.04.01.04/2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2838025869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"04.01.04/2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335039","funder_display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G451218880","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POIR.04.01.04/2019.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335039","funder_display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4952902075","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POIR.04.01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335039","funder_display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8221940828","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POIR.04.01.04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335039","display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju","ror":"https://ror.org/05pwfyy15"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416382350.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416382350.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today,":[0],"deep":[1],"learning":[2],"methods":[3],"are":[4,9,109],"being":[5],"strongly":[6],"developed":[7],"and":[8,72,79,100,112,122],"used":[10],"for":[11,103],"many":[12],"different":[13],"tasks.":[14],"This":[15],"paper":[16],"addresses":[17],"the":[18,34,40,54,64,80,105,117],"task":[19],"of":[20,28,36,39,82,92,107],"vehicle":[21],"detection":[22,47,120],"in":[23,56],"parking":[24],"lots.":[25],"The":[26,67,114],"focus":[27],"this":[29],"study":[30],"is":[31,87],"to":[32],"evaluate":[33],"performance":[35],"several":[37],"versions":[38],"YOLO":[41,85],"(You":[42],"Only":[43],"Look":[44],"Once)":[45],"object":[46],"algorithm":[48],"on":[49],"a":[50,90],"self-created":[51],"dataset,":[52],"using":[53,89],"models":[55,108],"their":[57],"default":[58],"configurations":[59],"with":[60],"pre-trained":[61],"weights":[62],"from":[63],"COCO":[65],"dataset.":[66],"dataset":[68],"contains":[69],"various":[70],"lightning":[71],"weather":[73],"conditions":[74],"such":[75,94],"as":[76,95],"sunshine,":[77],"cloudiness,":[78],"presence":[81],"snow.":[83],"Each":[84],"version":[86],"evaluated":[88],"range":[91],"metrics":[93],"precision,":[96],"recall,":[97],"F1":[98],"score,":[99],"FPS.":[101],"Methods":[102],"optimizing":[104],"use":[106],"then":[110],"proposed":[111],"tested.":[113],"results":[115],"demonstrate":[116],"trade-offs":[118],"between":[119],"accuracy":[121],"computational":[123],"efficiency.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-11-19T00:00:00"}