{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415888616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284318205","title":"Degradation Mechanisms and Microstructural Performance of 3D-Printed Engineered Cementitious Composites with Yellow River Sand under Chloride Ion Wet-Dry Cycles","display_name":"Degradation Mechanisms and Microstructural Performance of 3D-Printed Engineered Cementitious Composites with Yellow River Sand under Chloride Ion Wet-Dry Cycles","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415888616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284318205"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5703/1288284318205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284318205","pdf_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1776&context=icdcs","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1776&context=icdcs","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009847761","display_name":"Ali Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1930-5686"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102438987","display_name":"Chengfang Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengfang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009847761"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36314912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride","display_name":"Chloride","score":0.71670001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/durability","display_name":"Durability","score":0.6854000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultimate-tensile-strength","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","score":0.6798999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-electron-microscope","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","score":0.6291000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"Compressive strength","score":0.614300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cementitious","display_name":"Cementitious","score":0.5774000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfate","display_name":"Sulfate","score":0.5390999913215637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7749000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778695967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44791900","display_name":"Chloride","level":2,"score":0.71670001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104304963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5316114","display_name":"Durability","level":2,"score":0.6854000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.6798999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.6366999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.6291000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.614300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779666059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cementitious","level":3,"score":0.5774000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778343803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172290","display_name":"Sulfate","level":2,"score":0.5390999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156622251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036221","display_name":"Hydrothermal circulation","level":2,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779870107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43010","display_name":"Quartz","level":2,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778684775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752323","display_name":"Formwork","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5703/1288284318205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284318205","pdf_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1776&context=icdcs","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:icdcs-1776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/icdcs/2025/act/12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196310","display_name":"Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801333002","host_organization_name":"Purdue University System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801333002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5703/1288284318205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284318205","pdf_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1776&context=icdcs","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415888616.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415888616.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3D":[0],"printing":[1],"of":[2,40,65,108,147,170],"Engineered":[3],"Cementitious":[4],"Composites":[5],"(ECC)":[6],"is":[7],"an":[8],"emerging,":[9],"cutting-edge":[10],"construction":[11],"technology":[12],"that":[13,104,211],"enables":[14],"layer-by-layer":[15],"fabrication":[16],"without":[17],"the":[18,38,63,105,117,122,155,184,187,195,239],"need":[19],"for":[20,95],"formwork":[21],"or":[22],"steel":[23],"reinforcement.":[24],"ECC":[25,172,222],"exhibits":[26],"superior":[27],"tensile":[28],"strength":[29,107,128,153],"and":[30,54,67,81,84,111,133,137,141,157,162,176,186,198,227],"crack":[31],"resistance":[32],"compared":[33],"to":[34,48,98,139],"conventional":[35],"concrete.":[36],"However,":[37],"durability":[39],"composite":[41],"structures,":[42],"especially":[43],"in":[44,116,154,220],"marine":[45],"environments":[46],"exposed":[47],"harsh":[49],"conditions":[50],"such":[51],"as":[52,91,216],"sulfate":[53],"chloride":[55,71,148,244],"ions,":[56],"remains":[57],"a":[58,92,174,217],"concern.":[59],"This":[60,208],"study":[61,209],"investigated":[62],"performance":[64],"cast":[66,110,124,171],"3D-printed":[68,221],"specimens":[69,113,125],"under":[70,243],"ion":[72,245],"wet\u2013dry":[73,246],"cycles":[74,146],"(0,":[75],"5,":[76],"10,":[77],"15,":[78],"20,":[79],"25,":[80],"30":[82,145],"cycles)":[83],"utilised":[85],"sustainable":[86],"Yellow":[87,213],"River":[88,214],"sand":[89,97],"(YRS)":[90],"partial":[93,218],"replacement":[94,219,241],"quartz":[96],"reduce":[99],"material":[100,229],"costs.":[101],"Results":[102],"showed":[103],"compressive":[106,152],"both":[109],"3DP-ECC":[112],"was":[114],"highest":[115],"Z":[118],"direction.":[119],"Among":[120],"them,":[121],"R25":[123],"exhibited":[126],"better":[127],"properties,":[129],"starting":[130],"at":[131,238],"34":[132],"32":[134],"MPa,":[135],"respectively,":[136],"decreasing":[138],"22":[140],"23":[142],"MPa":[143],"after":[144],"exposure.":[149],"In":[150],"comparison,":[151],"Y-":[156],"X-directions":[158],"decreased":[159],"by":[160],"20%":[161],"23%,":[163],"respectively.":[164],"Scanning":[165],"Electron":[166],"Microscopy":[167],"(SEM)":[168],"images":[169],"revealed":[173],"dense":[175],"relatively":[177],"uniform":[178],"microstructure,":[179],"with":[180,205],"well-bonded":[181],"phases":[182],"between":[183,194],"matrix":[185],"aggregates.":[188],"The":[189],"interfacial":[190],"transition":[191],"zone":[192],"(ITZ)":[193],"cement":[196],"paste":[197],"aggregates":[199],"appeared":[200],"smooth,":[201],"indicating":[202],"strong":[203],"bonding":[204],"minimal":[206],"porosity.":[207],"highlighted":[210],"incorporating":[212],"Sand":[215],"not":[223],"only":[224],"enhances":[225],"sustainability":[226],"reduces":[228],"costs":[230],"but":[231],"also":[232],"maintains":[233],"satisfactory":[234],"mechanical":[235],"performance,":[236],"particularly":[237],"25%":[240],"level,":[242],"cycles.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T14:20:09.374765","created_date":"2025-11-04T00:00:00"}