{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125654358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2026-0003","title":"PriVA-C: Defending Voice Assistants from Fingerprinting Attacks","display_name":"PriVA-C: Defending Voice Assistants from Fingerprinting Attacks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125654358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2026-0003"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2026-0003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2026-0003","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2026/popets-2026-0003.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2026/popets-2026-0003.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019873262","display_name":"Dilawer Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dilawer Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029068004","display_name":"Aafaq Sabir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2856-8362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aafaq Sabir","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057935237","display_name":"Ahsan Zafar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5659-2805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahsan Zafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101816745","display_name":"Anupam Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-9963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anupam Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019873262"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11799361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"1","first_page":"26","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.21639999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.21639999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.17960000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.10480000078678131,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.660099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5198000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"Information leakage","score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application","display_name":"Web application","score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-server","display_name":"Web server","score":0.30709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6632999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.660099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6502000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5198000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4309000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11392498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11288","display_name":"Web server","level":3,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21593369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1032176","display_name":"Countermeasure","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781317605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832483","display_name":"Traffic analysis","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65856478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3991682","display_name":"Attack model","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2026-0003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2026-0003","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2026/popets-2026-0003.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2026-0003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2026-0003","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2026/popets-2026-0003.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.49730604887008667}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2772129896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2350075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4985805977","display_name":"Collaborative Research: IMR: MM-1C: Privacy-preserving IoT Analytics and Behavior Prediction on Network Edge","funder_award_id":"2219866","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7526905553","display_name":"Collaborative Research: SaTC: CORE: Small: Towards Secure, Resilient, Privacy-enhancing Digital World Experiences","funder_award_id":"2350075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125654358.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125654358.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Voice":[0],"assistants":[1],"have":[2],"become":[3],"ubiquitous,":[4],"yet":[5],"they":[6],"remain":[7],"vulnerable":[8],"to":[9,67,94,112,121],"network":[10,141],"traffic":[11,57,110],"fingerprinting":[12,42,152],"attacks":[13,153],"that":[14,53,146],"can":[15],"expose":[16],"sensitive":[17],"user":[18,133,161],"information.":[19],"Existing":[20],"defenses":[21],"either":[22],"impose":[23],"high":[24],"overheads":[25],"or":[26],"fail":[27],"against":[28],"advanced":[29],"attacks.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32],"addresses":[33],"these":[34],"issues":[35],"by":[36],"introducing":[37],"and":[38,135,158],"evaluating":[39],"PriVA-C,":[40],"a":[41,69,86,99,125],"defense":[43,149],"mechanism":[44],"tailored":[45],"specifically":[46],"for":[47],"voice":[48,55,115],"assistants.":[49],"Unlike":[50],"prior":[51],"approaches":[52],"treat":[54],"assistant":[56,116],"as":[58],"generic":[59],"web":[60],"traffic,":[61],"we":[62],"analyze":[63],"its":[64,137],"unique":[65],"characteristics":[66],"design":[68],"more":[70,100],"effective":[71],"defense.":[72],"Our":[73,143],"approach":[74],"prioritizes":[75],"limiting":[76],"information":[77],"leakage":[78],"rather":[79],"than":[80],"targeting":[81],"specific":[82],"attack":[83],"vectors,":[84],"achieving":[85],"significant":[87],"reduction":[88],"in":[89],"attacker":[90,119],"accuracy":[91,120],"from":[92],"89%":[93],"13%.":[95],"We":[96,123],"also":[97],"propose":[98],"practically":[101],"deployable":[102],"version":[103],"of":[104],"our":[105,147],"defense,":[106],"which":[107],"protects":[108],"only":[109],"directed":[111],"the":[113,129,160],"primary":[114],"domain,":[117],"reducing":[118],"19%.":[122],"implement":[124],"functional":[126],"prototype":[127],"using":[128,139],"Alexa":[130],"SDK,":[131],"conduct":[132],"testing,":[134],"assess":[136],"performance":[138],"real":[140],"traffic.":[142],"results":[144],"demonstrate":[145],"proposed":[148],"effectively":[150],"mitigates":[151],"while":[154],"maintaining":[155],"low":[156],"overhead":[157],"preserving":[159],"experience.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2026-01-26T00:00:00"}
