{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412373430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0157","title":"Making Web Applications GDPR Compliant: A Comparative Evaluation of GDPR-Enforcement Frameworks","display_name":"Making Web Applications GDPR Compliant: A Comparative Evaluation of GDPR-Enforcement Frameworks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412373430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2025-0157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0157","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118967857","display_name":"Felix Kalinowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Kalinowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016611640","display_name":"David Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8468-8516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002067855","display_name":"Martin Johns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2574-5060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Johns","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016041143","display_name":"Veelasha Moonsamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-2182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veelasha Moonsamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07456833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"4","first_page":"777","last_page":"794"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.8184999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.8184999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.7541000247001648,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.7328000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.5878109335899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42541664838790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.11367321014404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.04583510756492615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5878109335899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42541664838790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11367321014404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.04583510756492615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2025-0157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2025-0157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"introduction":[1],"of":[2,18,149,191],"the":[3,16,22,57,86,101,106,139,142,169,197,204,214],"General":[4],"Data":[5],"Protection":[6],"Regulation":[7],"(GDPR)":[8],"in":[9,15,42],"2018":[10],"marked":[11],"a":[12,61,70,130,147,188],"pivotal":[13],"moment":[14],"evolution":[17],"data":[19],"protection":[20],"within":[21],"European":[23],"Union":[24],"(EU).":[25],"Consequently,":[26],"companies":[27],"have":[28,81,145,158],"since":[29],"been":[30,82],"legally":[31],"obliged":[32],"to":[33,40,64,84,96,118,135,208],"respect":[34],"users'":[35],"privacy,":[36],"and,":[37],"if":[38,184],"found":[39],"be":[41],"violation,":[43],"risk":[44],"incurring":[45],"fines.":[46],"While":[47],"this":[48,109],"regulatory":[49],"change":[50],"greatly":[51],"benefits":[52],"users,":[53],"software":[54,77],"developers,":[55],"on":[56,196,206,212],"other":[58],"hand,":[59],"face":[60],"tremendous":[62],"challenge":[63],"make":[65,209],"their":[66],"applications":[67],"compliant,":[68],"creating":[69],"gap":[71,87],"between":[72],"legal":[73],"requirements":[74,102,150],"and":[75,132,137,174],"effective":[76],"development.":[78],"Several":[79],"solutions":[80],"proposed":[83,170],"bridge":[85],"for":[88,121,161,203],"web":[89,122],"application":[90],"developers.":[91],"However,":[92],"it":[93],"is":[94],"unclear":[95],"what":[97],"extent":[98],"they":[99],"fulfill":[100],"laid":[103],"out":[104],"by":[105],"GDPR.":[107,215],"In":[108],"work,":[110],"we":[111,128,144,166,200],"look":[112],"at":[113],"three":[114],"frameworks":[115],"that":[116,151,180],"aim":[117],"aid":[119],"compliance":[120],"applications.":[123],"To":[124],"efficiently":[125],"assess":[126],"them,":[127],"propose":[129],"methodology":[131],"several":[133],"benchmarks":[134],"evaluate":[136,167],"compare":[138],"frameworks.":[140],"From":[141],"GDPR,":[143],"derived":[146],"set":[148],"do":[152],"not":[153],"entail":[154],"institutional":[155],"changes":[156],"but":[157],"technical":[159],"implications":[160],"software.":[162],"Leveraging":[163],"these":[164],"requirements,":[165],"both":[168],"solutions'":[171],"enforcement":[172],"capabilities":[173],"computational":[175],"overhead.":[176],"Our":[177],"comparison":[178],"shows":[179],"each":[181],"framework":[182],"can,":[183],"configured":[185],"correctly,":[186],"enforce":[187],"different":[189],"subset":[190],"GDPR":[192],"requirements.":[193],"Finally,":[194],"based":[195],"insights":[198],"gained,":[199],"provide":[201],"recommendations":[202],"community":[205],"how":[207],"further":[210],"progress":[211],"operationalizing":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
