{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412373446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0121","title":"WatchWitch: Interoperability, Privacy, and Autonomy for the Apple Watch","display_name":"WatchWitch: Interoperability, Privacy, and Autonomy for the Apple Watch","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412373446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2025-0121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0121","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001769249","display_name":"Nils Rollshausen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2445-8684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nils Rollshausen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Secure Mobile Networking Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Secure Mobile Networking Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001285946","display_name":"Alexander Heinrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1150-1922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Heinrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Secure Mobile Networking Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Secure Mobile Networking Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042405070","display_name":"Matthias Hollick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-5989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Hollick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Secure Mobile Networking Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Secure Mobile Networking Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016475244","display_name":"Jiska Classen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143288331","display_name":"Hasso Plattner Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/058rn5r42","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143288331","https://openalex.org/I176453806"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiska Classen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143288331","https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21086784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"4","first_page":"94","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.819100022315979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.819100022315979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12720","display_name":"Multimedia Communication and Technology","score":0.7376000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.8561818599700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.782089114189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.6587020754814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5682740211486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4549838602542877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.34655749797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.28680670261383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1771942377090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.07669857144355774}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.8561818599700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.782089114189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.6587020754814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5682740211486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4549838602542877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34655749797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.28680670261383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1771942377090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07669857144355774}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2025-0121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:161366","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/view/person/Rollshausen=3ANils=3A=3A.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Artikel"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2025-0121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2093262417","https://openalex.org/W4312626803","https://openalex.org/W2123131699","https://openalex.org/W650116260","https://openalex.org/W2378329187","https://openalex.org/W4390790060","https://openalex.org/W2134191509","https://openalex.org/W3209454962","https://openalex.org/W79697243"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smartwatches":[0],"such":[1],"as":[2,15],"the":[3,48,53,93,100],"Apple":[4,30],"Watch":[5,31],"collect":[6],"vast":[7],"amounts":[8],"of":[9,77],"intimate":[10],"health":[11],"and":[12,42,87],"fitness":[13],"data":[14,26,88],"we":[16,74],"wear":[17],"them.":[18],"Users":[19],"have":[20],"little":[21],"choice":[22,98],"regarding":[23],"how":[24],"this":[25],"is":[27],"processed:":[28],"The":[29],"can":[32],"only":[33],"be":[34],"used":[35],"with":[36,83],"Apple's":[37,65,78],"iPhones,":[38],"using":[39],"their":[40,43,108],"software":[41],"cloud":[44],"services.":[45],"We":[46,90],"are":[47],"first":[49],"to":[50,59],"publicly":[51],"reverse-engineer":[52],"watch's":[54],"wireless":[55],"protocols,":[56],"which":[57],"led":[58],"discovering":[60],"multiple":[61],"security":[62],"issues":[63],"in":[64,99],"proprietary":[66],"implementation.":[67],"With":[68],"WatchWitch,":[69],"our":[70],"custom":[71],"Android":[72],"reimplementation,":[73],"break":[75],"out":[76],"walled":[79],"garden-demonstrating":[80],"practical":[81],"interoperability":[82],"enhanced":[84],"privacy":[85],"controls":[86],"autonomy.":[89],"thus":[91],"pave":[92],"way":[94],"for":[95],"more":[96,105],"consumer":[97],"smartwatch":[101],"ecosystem,":[102],"offering":[103],"users":[104],"control":[106],"over":[107],"devices.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}