{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407066879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0081","title":"Enhancing Metric Privacy With a Shuffler","display_name":"Enhancing Metric Privacy With a Shuffler","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407066879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0081"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2025-0081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0081","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113413427","display_name":"Andreas Athanasiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3251-2148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142476485","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique","ror":"https://ror.org/05hy3tk52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142476485","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126360","display_name":"Centre Inria de Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/0315e5x55","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210126360"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139461","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique de l'\u00c9cole Polytechnique","ror":"https://ror.org/04afed728","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I142476485","https://openalex.org/I4210139461","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Athanasiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA and LIX, \u00c9cole Polytechnique","Inria Saclay - Ile de France (1 rue Honor\u00e9 d'Estienne d'Orves\r\n\r\nB\u00e2timent Alan Turing\r\n\r\nCampus de l'\u00c9cole Polytechnique\r\n\r\n91120 Palaiseau - France)","LIX - Laboratoire d'informatique de l'\u00c9cole polytechnique [Palaiseau] (1 Rue Honor\u00e9 d\u2019Estienne d\u2019Orves, B\u00e2timent Alain Turing, 91120 Palaiseau - France)","COMETE - Concurrency, Mobility and Transactions (B\u00e2t Alan Turing, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 1 rue Honor\u00e9 d'Estienne d'orves, 91120 Palaiseau (France) - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA and LIX, \u00c9cole Polytechnique","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139461","https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria Saclay - Ile de France (1 rue Honor\u00e9 d'Estienne d'Orves\r\n\r\nB\u00e2timent Alan Turing\r\n\r\nCampus de l'\u00c9cole Polytechnique\r\n\r\n91120 Palaiseau - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126360","https://openalex.org/I142476485"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIX - Laboratoire d'informatique de l'\u00c9cole polytechnique [Palaiseau] (1 Rue Honor\u00e9 d\u2019Estienne d\u2019Orves, B\u00e2timent Alain Turing, 91120 Palaiseau - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139461","https://openalex.org/I142476485"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMETE - Concurrency, Mobility and Transactions (B\u00e2t Alan Turing, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 1 rue Honor\u00e9 d'Estienne d'orves, 91120 Palaiseau (France) - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142476485"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066098595","display_name":"Konstantinos Chatzikokolakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3081-5775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Chatzikokolakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","NKUA - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Athens 157 72 - Greece)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NKUA - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Athens 157 72 - Greece)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090842450","display_name":"Catuscia Palamidessi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4597-7002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142476485","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique","ror":"https://ror.org/05hy3tk52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142476485","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126360","display_name":"Centre Inria de Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/0315e5x55","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210126360"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139461","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique de l'\u00c9cole Polytechnique","ror":"https://ror.org/04afed728","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I142476485","https://openalex.org/I4210139461","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catuscia Palamidessi","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA and LIX, \u00c9cole Polytechnique","Inria Saclay - Ile de France (1 rue Honor\u00e9 d'Estienne d'Orves\r\n\r\nB\u00e2timent Alan Turing\r\n\r\nCampus de l'\u00c9cole Polytechnique\r\n\r\n91120 Palaiseau - France)","LIX - Laboratoire d'informatique de l'\u00c9cole polytechnique [Palaiseau] (1 Rue Honor\u00e9 d\u2019Estienne d\u2019Orves, B\u00e2timent Alain Turing, 91120 Palaiseau - France)","COMETE - Concurrency, Mobility and Transactions (B\u00e2t Alan Turing, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 1 rue Honor\u00e9 d'Estienne d'orves, 91120 Palaiseau (France) - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA and LIX, \u00c9cole Polytechnique","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139461","https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria Saclay - Ile de France (1 rue Honor\u00e9 d'Estienne d'Orves\r\n\r\nB\u00e2timent Alan Turing\r\n\r\nCampus de l'\u00c9cole Polytechnique\r\n\r\n91120 Palaiseau - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126360","https://openalex.org/I142476485"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIX - Laboratoire d'informatique de l'\u00c9cole polytechnique [Palaiseau] (1 Rue Honor\u00e9 d\u2019Estienne d\u2019Orves, B\u00e2timent Alain Turing, 91120 Palaiseau - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139461","https://openalex.org/I142476485"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMETE - Concurrency, Mobility and Transactions (B\u00e2t Alan Turing, Campus de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 1 rue Honor\u00e9 d'Estienne d'orves, 91120 Palaiseau (France) - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142476485"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113413427"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I142476485","https://openalex.org/I4210126360","https://openalex.org/I4210139461"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9057,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8592386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"2","first_page":"650","last_page":"679"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.6769000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.6769000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.6589999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.6277999877929688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5629274845123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4867277443408966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4452190399169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3276437222957611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2330276370048523}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5629274845123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4867277443408966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4452190399169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3276437222957611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2330276370048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2025-0081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04895564v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04895564","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04895564/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, 2025","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2025-0081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2025-0081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W2142036596","https://openalex.org/W2072657027"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Differential":[0,51],"Privacy":[1,52],"(DP)":[2],"is":[3,87,108,115,130,149,267],"one":[4,180],"of":[5,15,45,67,96,101,133,145,160,210,226,251,261,296],"the":[6,12,30,35,41,58,65,68,91,94,99,158,170,178,208,211,224,227,238,242,247,258,265,284,294,297],"most":[7],"successful":[8],"privacy-preserving":[9],"frameworks.":[10],"In":[11,162,187,232],"central":[13],"model":[14],"DP,":[16,165],"a":[17,47,84,131,143,202,288],"trusted":[18,48],"server":[19],"adds":[20],"controlled":[21],"noise":[22,171],"as":[23,26,276,278],"it":[24,82,148,156,200],"acts":[25],"an":[27,117,220],"interface":[28],"between":[29],"data":[31,36,60,69,92,174,275],"providers":[32],"(users)":[33],"and":[34,147,219,229],"consumers":[37],"(analysts).":[38],"To":[39,71],"overcome":[40],"strong":[42,119],"trust":[43],"assumption":[44,120],"having":[46],"server,":[49],"Local":[50],"(LDP)":[53],"has":[54],"been":[55],"proposed,":[56],"where":[57,155],"individual":[59],"are":[61,181],"obfuscated":[62],"directly":[63],"at":[64,93],"end":[66],"provider.":[70],"improve":[72],"LDP,":[73],"in":[74,139,152,223,249],"recent":[75],"years":[76],"researchers":[77],"have":[78],"proposed":[79,285],"to":[80,89,110,164,177,184,246,293],"combine":[81],"with":[83,142,201,213],"shuffler":[85,107,212,266],"which":[86],"supposed":[88],"mix":[90],"time":[95],"collection,":[97],"enhancing":[98],"privacy":[100,127,167,194,243,259],"LDP":[102],"without":[103],"affecting":[104],"utility.":[105],"The":[106],"assumed":[109],"be":[111,124,137,185,196],"trusted,":[112],"but":[113],"this":[114,188],"also":[116],"arguably":[118],"that":[121,135,173,240,283],"cannot":[122],"always":[123],"guaranteed.":[125],"Metric":[126],"(aka":[128],"d-privacy)":[129],"variant":[132],"DP":[134],"can":[136,195],"applied":[138],"domains":[140],"provided":[141],"notion":[144],"distance,":[146],"particularly":[150],"used":[151],"location":[153,280],"privacy,":[154],"takes":[157],"name":[159],"geo-indistinguishability.":[161],"contrast":[163],"metric":[166,193,252],"allows":[168],"calibrating":[169],"so":[172],"points":[175],"closer":[176],"true":[179],"more":[182],"likely":[183],"reported.":[186],"work,":[189],"we":[190,206,235,255,270],"study":[191,257],"how":[192],"improved":[197],"by":[198],"combining":[199],"shuffler.":[203],"More":[204],"specifically,":[205],"consider":[207],"combination":[209],"three":[214],"mechanisms:":[215],"Randomized":[216],"Response,":[217],"Geometric,":[218],"optimal":[221],"protocol,":[222],"context":[225],"sum":[228],"average":[230],"queries.":[231],"all":[233],"cases,":[234],"formally":[236,256],"derive":[237],"relations":[239],"express":[241],"amplification":[244],"due":[245],"shuffler,":[248],"terms":[250],"privacy.":[253],"Moreover,":[254],"guarantees":[260],"each":[262],"protocol":[263],"if":[264],"compromised.":[268],"Finally,":[269],"conduct":[271],"experiments":[272],"using":[273],"synthetic":[274],"well":[277],"real-world":[279],"data,":[281],"showing":[282],"mechanisms":[286],"achieve":[287],"better":[289],"privacy-utility":[290],"trade-off":[291],"compared":[292],"baseline":[295],"standard":[298],"geometric":[299],"mechanism.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
