{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393927885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2024-0047","title":"Data Safety vs. App Privacy: Comparing the Usability of Android and iOS Privacy Labels","display_name":"Data Safety vs. App Privacy: Comparing the Usability of Android and iOS Privacy Labels","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393927885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2024-0047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2024-0047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2024-0047","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2024/popets-2024-0047.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2024/popets-2024-0047.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032485063","display_name":"Yanzi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2131-2014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189731429","display_name":"Wellesley College","ror":"https://ror.org/01srpnj69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanzi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellesley College","Wellesley College Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellesley College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellesley College Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046785148","display_name":"Jaideep Juneja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaideep Juneja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University","Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017352764","display_name":"Eleanor Birrell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-0787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177881444","display_name":"Pomona College","ror":"https://ror.org/0074grg94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177881444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleanor Birrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pomona College","Pomona College Claremont, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pomona College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177881444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pomona College Claremont, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177881444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072760035","display_name":"Lorrie Faith Cranor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-0124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorrie Faith Cranor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University","Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9007,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97369699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":"2","first_page":"182","last_page":"210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.7162685990333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6600489020347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.6220129728317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5855291485786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-apps","display_name":"Mobile apps","score":0.4667022228240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.4588056802749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3959851562976837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.30207937955856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.1691584289073944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.085053950548172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.7162685990333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6600489020347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.6220129728317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5855291485786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988145974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620615","display_name":"Mobile apps","level":2,"score":0.4667022228240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.4588056802749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3959851562976837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.30207937955856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.1691584289073944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.085053950548172}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2024-0047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2024-0047","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2024/popets-2024-0047.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2024-0047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2024-0047","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2024/popets-2024-0047.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5170922930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2150217","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393927885.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W652493169","https://openalex.org/W1820505434","https://openalex.org/W1993095244","https://openalex.org/W2007784529","https://openalex.org/W2108554506","https://openalex.org/W2158136587","https://openalex.org/W2508414746","https://openalex.org/W2940588539","https://openalex.org/W3024522029","https://openalex.org/W3047488602","https://openalex.org/W3123673015","https://openalex.org/W3158376304","https://openalex.org/W3160992782","https://openalex.org/W3201578419","https://openalex.org/W3204458047","https://openalex.org/W4200194124","https://openalex.org/W4223563577","https://openalex.org/W4225091435","https://openalex.org/W4225105530","https://openalex.org/W4225161578","https://openalex.org/W4239753019","https://openalex.org/W4283704264","https://openalex.org/W4293783507","https://openalex.org/W4293783549","https://openalex.org/W4323966546","https://openalex.org/W4327666582","https://openalex.org/W4366549416","https://openalex.org/W4380990574","https://openalex.org/W4385412382"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3198309000","https://openalex.org/W2887633424","https://openalex.org/W2808363712","https://openalex.org/W2796028780","https://openalex.org/W2584827882","https://openalex.org/W2538581760","https://openalex.org/W3195097297","https://openalex.org/W4225340788","https://openalex.org/W3038106605","https://openalex.org/W2513267613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Privacy":[0,118],"labels---standardized,":[1],"compact":[2],"representations":[3],"of":[4,19,135],"data":[5,8,126,137,152],"collection":[6,127,138,172],"and":[7,53,67,79,93,106,131,167,195],"use":[9],"practices---are":[10],"often":[11],"presented":[12],"as":[13],"a":[14,84],"solution":[15],"to":[16,115,161],"the":[17,72,123,164,193],"shortcomings":[18],"privacy":[20,25,48],"policies.":[21],"Apple":[22],"introduced":[23,37],"mandatory":[24,38],"labels":[26,39,49],"for":[27,40],"apps":[28,42],"in":[29,33,43,55,192],"its":[30],"App":[31,117],"Store":[32],"December":[34],"2020;":[35],"Google":[36],"Android":[41,63,91,101,120,183],"July":[44],"2022.":[45],"iOS":[46,95,116,196],"app":[47],"have":[50],"been":[51],"evaluated":[52,62],"critiqued":[54],"prior":[56],"work.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"work,":[60],"we":[61],"Data":[64,102],"Safety":[65,103],"Labels":[66,104],"explored":[68],"how":[69],"differences":[70],"between":[71,125],"two":[73],"label":[74,80],"designs":[75],"impact":[76],"user":[77],"comprehension":[78],"utility.":[81],"We":[82],"conducted":[83],"between-subjects,":[85],"semi-structured":[86],"interview":[87],"study":[88],"with":[89],"12":[90,94],"users":[92,99,109,121,144,156,184,197],"users.":[96],"While":[97],"some":[98,143],"found":[100,110,122,132],"informative":[105],"helpful,":[107],"other":[108],"them":[111],"too":[112],"vague.":[113],"Compared":[114],"Labels,":[119],"distinction":[124],"groups":[128,139],"more":[129,140],"intuitive":[130],"explicit":[133],"inclusion":[134],"omitted":[136],"salient.":[141],"However,":[142],"expressed":[145],"skepticism":[146],"regarding":[147],"elided":[148],"information":[149,159,187,200],"about":[150,188],"collected":[151],"type":[153],"categories.":[154],"Most":[155],"missed":[157],"critical":[158],"due":[160],"not":[162],"expanding":[163],"accordion":[165],"interface,":[166],"they":[168],"were":[169],"surprised":[170],"by":[171],"practices":[173,190],"excluded":[174],"from":[175],"Android's":[176],"definitions.":[177],"Our":[178],"findings":[179],"also":[180],"revealed":[181],"that":[182,199],"generally":[185],"appreciated":[186],"security":[189],"included":[191],"labels,":[194],"wanted":[198],"added.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}