{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385522482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0098","title":"On the Robustness of Topics API to a Re-Identification Attack","display_name":"On the Robustness of Topics API to a Re-Identification Attack","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385522482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0098"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2023-0098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0098","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2023/popets-2023-0098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2023/popets-2023-0098.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014338708","display_name":"Nikhil Jha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5615-7312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nikhil Jha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino","Politecnico di Torino Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061815649","display_name":"Martino Trevisan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4258-4679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martino Trevisan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trieste"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trieste","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101851101","display_name":"Emilio Leonardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-4274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilio Leonardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino","Politecnico di Torino Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060087704","display_name":"Marco Mellia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1859-6693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Mellia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino","Politecnico di Torino Torino, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014338708"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8337,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91565675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":"4","first_page":"66","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7849056720733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7689085006713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6458998322486877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5514135360717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4715806543827057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4453945457935333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4160093665122986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7849056720733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7689085006713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6458998322486877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5514135360717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4715806543827057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4453945457935333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4160093665122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2023-0098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0098","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2023/popets-2023-0098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2023-0098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0098","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2023/popets-2023-0098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1648925249","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SERICS (PE00000014)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2020622295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Big Data","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3650733657","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NextGenerationEU","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G507880695","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE00000014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5356239126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CN00000013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5538284277","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"National Recovery","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8893660128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE0000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385522482.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504028050","https://openalex.org/W1573053553","https://openalex.org/W2005486760","https://openalex.org/W2080829915","https://openalex.org/W2159764755","https://openalex.org/W2218242280","https://openalex.org/W2255843490","https://openalex.org/W2563786350","https://openalex.org/W2735411123","https://openalex.org/W3117769329","https://openalex.org/W3153735076","https://openalex.org/W3167690782","https://openalex.org/W4229001818","https://openalex.org/W4245321096","https://openalex.org/W4283745693","https://openalex.org/W4307020328","https://openalex.org/W4381329332"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W4281727072","https://openalex.org/W2560201613","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W2171975302","https://openalex.org/W2022352247","https://openalex.org/W1532073221","https://openalex.org/W2377538627","https://openalex.org/W2107220315"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Web":[0],"tracking":[1],"through":[2],"third-party":[3],"cookies":[4],"is":[5,13,69,141,149],"considered":[6],"a":[7,30,42,90,114,142,146,152,165],"threat":[8],"to":[9,15,71,89,107,136,181],"users'":[10],"privacy":[11],"and":[12,76,121,174,185],"supposed":[14],"be":[16],"abandoned":[17],"in":[18,178],"the":[19,25,39,57,61,83,86,97,110,128,156,172,186,189],"near":[20],"future.":[21],"Recently,":[22],"Google":[23],"proposed":[24],"Topics":[26,54,87,129],"API":[27,55,88,130,191],"framework":[28],"as":[29,139],"privacy-friendly":[31],"alternative":[32],"for":[33,64],"behavioural":[34,65],"advertising.":[35],"Using":[36,117],"this":[37,179],"approach,":[38],"browser":[40],"builds":[41],"user":[43,98,112],"profile":[44,99,148],"based":[45],"on":[46,113],"navigation":[47],"history,":[48],"which":[49],"advertisers":[50],"can":[51,161],"access.":[52],"The":[53],"has":[56],"possibility":[58],"of":[59,85,158,167,188],"becoming":[60],"new":[62],"standard":[63],"advertising,":[66],"thus":[67],"it":[68],"necessary":[70],"fully":[72],"understand":[73],"its":[74],"operation":[75],"find":[77,126],"possible":[78],"limitations.":[79],"This":[80],"paper":[81],"evaluates":[82],"robustness":[84],"re-identification":[91,135,160],"attack":[92],"where":[93],"an":[94],"attacker":[95],"reconstructs":[96],"by":[100],"accumulating":[101],"user's":[102,147],"exposed":[103],"topics":[104],"over":[105],"time":[106],"later":[108],"re-identify":[109],"same":[111],"different":[115],"website.":[116],"real":[118],"traffic":[119],"traces":[120],"realistic":[122],"population":[123],"models,":[124],"we":[125,176],"that":[127,145],"mitigates":[131],"but":[132],"cannot":[133],"prevent":[134],"take":[137],"place,":[138],"there":[140],"sizeable":[143],"chance":[144],"unique":[150],"within":[151],"website's":[153],"audience.":[154],"Consequently,":[155],"probability":[157],"correct":[159],"reach":[162],"15-17%,":[163],"considering":[164],"pool":[166],"1,000":[168],"users.":[169],"We":[170],"offer":[171],"code":[173],"data":[175],"use":[177],"work":[180],"stimulate":[182],"further":[183],"studies":[184],"tuning":[187],"Topic":[190],"parameters.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}