{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376626943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0092","title":"A Method for Securely Comparing Integers using Binary Trees","display_name":"A Method for Securely Comparing Integers using Binary Trees","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376626943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2023-0092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0092","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2023/popets-2023-0092.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2023/popets-2023-0092.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055500838","display_name":"Anselme Tueno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132444","display_name":"Systems, Applications & Products in Data Processing (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/03dsc8d33","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133614","display_name":"Systems, Applications & Products in Data Processing (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04k7gd586","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132444","https://openalex.org/I4210133614"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anselme Tueno","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAP SE","SAP SE Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAP SE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133614"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAP SE Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045901618","display_name":"Jonas Janneck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1385-3884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Janneck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum","Ruhr University Bochum Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091951924","display_name":"David Boehm","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132444","display_name":"Systems, Applications & Products in Data Processing (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/03dsc8d33","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133614","display_name":"Systems, Applications & Products in Data Processing (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04k7gd586","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132444","https://openalex.org/I4210133614"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Boehm","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAP SE","SAP SE Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAP SE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133614"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAP SE Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055500838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132444","https://openalex.org/I4210133614"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1657,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52992628,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":"3","first_page":"469","last_page":"487"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.7770998477935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6983810663223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6516181230545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.6287475824356079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5709865093231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5229647755622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5040096640586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5032095313072205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4562962055206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4208148121833801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3311392068862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32321697473526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.249889075756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2497241199016571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11717307567596436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.7770998477935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6983810663223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6516181230545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6287475824356079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5709865093231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5229647755622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5040096640586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5032095313072205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4562962055206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4208148121833801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3311392068862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32321697473526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.249889075756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2497241199016571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11717307567596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2023-0092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0092","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2023/popets-2023-0092.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2023-0092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0092","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2023/popets-2023-0092.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4376626943.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58354739","https://openalex.org/W1520726018","https://openalex.org/W1534388293","https://openalex.org/W1534636449","https://openalex.org/W1559348249","https://openalex.org/W1562018356","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1579771234","https://openalex.org/W1595357546","https://openalex.org/W1623873962","https://openalex.org/W1819119697","https://openalex.org/W1826277484","https://openalex.org/W1888364621","https://openalex.org/W1935182841","https://openalex.org/W2006453614","https://openalex.org/W2013623332","https://openalex.org/W2027471022","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2051267297","https://openalex.org/W2108834246","https://openalex.org/W2130901615","https://openalex.org/W2132172731","https://openalex.org/W2144929714","https://openalex.org/W2162538292","https://openalex.org/W2284068942","https://openalex.org/W2285574614","https://openalex.org/W2296585978","https://openalex.org/W2398715209","https://openalex.org/W2398935881","https://openalex.org/W2461943168","https://openalex.org/W2512472178","https://openalex.org/W2534838589","https://openalex.org/W2744061387","https://openalex.org/W2805175566","https://openalex.org/W2866649234","https://openalex.org/W2903850320","https://openalex.org/W2907745774","https://openalex.org/W2940669115","https://openalex.org/W2947287050","https://openalex.org/W2964318098","https://openalex.org/W2974330110","https://openalex.org/W2974369860","https://openalex.org/W3014044251","https://openalex.org/W3030820238","https://openalex.org/W3092422523","https://openalex.org/W3092436882","https://openalex.org/W3108672920","https://openalex.org/W3141585064","https://openalex.org/W3145211027","https://openalex.org/W3157813311","https://openalex.org/W4245047333","https://openalex.org/W4246892041","https://openalex.org/W4288104525","https://openalex.org/W4298171975","https://openalex.org/W4312997681","https://openalex.org/W6635551163","https://openalex.org/W6657446063","https://openalex.org/W6695710618","https://openalex.org/W6696291516","https://openalex.org/W6726004696","https://openalex.org/W6828947153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2539930818","https://openalex.org/W4390664647","https://openalex.org/W3012147850","https://openalex.org/W4313300189","https://openalex.org/W2949835517","https://openalex.org/W2601739120","https://openalex.org/W4256358502","https://openalex.org/W2625655658","https://openalex.org/W2771047361","https://openalex.org/W2887779253"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,120,143],"this":[1,57,121],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,18,37,53,75,89,108,158],"new":[6],"protocol":[7,67,124,129],"for":[8],"secure":[9],"integer":[10,43],"comparison":[11],"which":[12,42],"consists":[13],"of":[14,23,78,97,107,130,157,160],"parties":[15,36],"having":[16],"each":[17,93],"private":[19,105],"integer.":[20],"The":[21],"goal":[22],"the":[24,35,98,100,104,113,118,126,136,144,154],"computation":[25],"is":[26,44,74,115],"to":[27,34],"compare":[28],"both":[29,147],"integers":[30],"securely":[31],"and":[32,81,112,134],"reveal":[33],"single":[38],"bit":[39],"that":[40,73],"tells":[41],"larger.":[45],"Nothing":[46],"more":[47],"should":[48],"be":[49,59,83],"revealed.":[50],"To":[51],"achieve":[52],"low":[54],"communication":[55],"overhead,":[56],"can":[58,82],"done":[60,116],"by":[61,117,139,162],"using":[62,85],"homomorphic":[63,109],"encryption":[64,110],"(HE).":[65],"Our":[66],"relies":[68],"on":[69],"binary":[70],"decision":[71],"trees":[72],"special":[76],"case":[77,145],"branching":[79],"programs":[80],"implemented":[84],"HE.":[86],"We":[87],"assume":[88],"client-server":[90],"setting":[91],"where":[92,146],"party":[94],"holds":[95,103],"one":[96],"integers,":[99],"client":[101],"also":[102],"key":[106],"scheme":[111,152],"evaluation":[114],"server.":[119],"setting,":[122],"our":[123,151],"outperforms":[125],"original":[127],"DGK":[128,161],"Damg\u00e5rd":[131],"et":[132],"al.":[133],"reduces":[135,153],"running":[137,155],"time":[138,156],"at":[140],"least":[141],"45%.":[142],"inputs":[148],"are":[149],"encrypted,":[150],"variant":[159],"63%.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}