{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376626874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0068","title":"Ruffle: Rapid 3-Party Shuffle Protocols","display_name":"Ruffle: Rapid 3-Party Shuffle Protocols","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376626874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2023-0068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0068","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2023/popets-2023-0068.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2023/popets-2023-0068.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110963352","display_name":"Prabhu Chakkaravarthy A","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1305429384","display_name":"JPMorgan Chase & Co (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01x3kkr08","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305429384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranav Shriram A","raw_affiliation_strings":["JP Morgan Chase"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JP Morgan Chase","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305429384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038801288","display_name":"Nishat Koti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4923-8215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nishat Koti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022827109","display_name":"Varsha Bhat Kukkala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9579-4963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varsha Bhat Kukkala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054641777","display_name":"Arpita Patra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8036-4407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arpita Patra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047545224","display_name":"Bhavish Raj Gopal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8642-7686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhavish Raj Gopal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084426423","display_name":"Somya Sangal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5856-7523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Somya Sangal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8953,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78382632,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":"3","first_page":"24","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8419435620307922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-multi-party-computation","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","score":0.5403026342391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5331876277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5245369076728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.46448785066604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.46290409564971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4403468072414398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.35948097705841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3480827212333679}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8419435620307922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18396474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465888","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","level":3,"score":0.5403026342391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5331876277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5245369076728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.46448785066604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.46290409564971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4403468072414398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35948097705841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3480827212333679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2023-0068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0068","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2023/popets-2023-0068.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:160570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/view/person/A=3APranav_Shriram=3A=3A.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Artikel"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2023-0068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0068","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2023/popets-2023-0068.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4376626874.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111294696","https://openalex.org/W150396298","https://openalex.org/W151752673","https://openalex.org/W1494929562","https://openalex.org/W1566461722","https://openalex.org/W1608459536","https://openalex.org/W1704895987","https://openalex.org/W2086090724","https://openalex.org/W2087811006","https://openalex.org/W2101770573","https://openalex.org/W2174056151","https://openalex.org/W2181401201","https://openalex.org/W2293776292","https://openalex.org/W2400124473","https://openalex.org/W2402634590","https://openalex.org/W2512940382","https://openalex.org/W2583633368","https://openalex.org/W2614378039","https://openalex.org/W2749125334","https://openalex.org/W2889904427","https://openalex.org/W2890213207","https://openalex.org/W2951319065","https://openalex.org/W2951387759","https://openalex.org/W2970507855","https://openalex.org/W2985714690","https://openalex.org/W2990391002","https://openalex.org/W3008493372","https://openalex.org/W3028290818","https://openalex.org/W3030382486","https://openalex.org/W3090119870","https://openalex.org/W3095909979","https://openalex.org/W3097937526","https://openalex.org/W3100723659","https://openalex.org/W3106542468","https://openalex.org/W3141405531","https://openalex.org/W3160700308","https://openalex.org/W3167466831","https://openalex.org/W3168851959","https://openalex.org/W3186649517","https://openalex.org/W3214260160","https://openalex.org/W3215933531","https://openalex.org/W4205545369","https://openalex.org/W4226152926","https://openalex.org/W4288633970","https://openalex.org/W4306179313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069340834","https://openalex.org/W2550686250","https://openalex.org/W2083288298","https://openalex.org/W2289378658","https://openalex.org/W1531360494","https://openalex.org/W2093529019","https://openalex.org/W87530933","https://openalex.org/W2282990539","https://openalex.org/W2607129240","https://openalex.org/W154233216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Secure":[0],"shuffle":[1,44,54,93,119,141,149,189,221],"is":[2,36],"an":[3,84],"important":[4],"primitive":[5],"that":[6,29,69,169],"finds":[7],"use":[8],"in":[9,71,116,200],"several":[10,66],"applications":[11,28,125,226],"such":[12],"as":[13],"secure":[14,19,51,61,130],"electronic":[15],"voting,":[16],"oblivious":[17],"RAMs,":[18],"sorting,":[20],"to":[21,38,103,193,227,234],"name":[22],"a":[23,31,40,96,176],"few.":[24],"For":[25],"time-sensitive":[26],"shuffle-based":[27],"demand":[30],"fast":[32,41,53,97,177],"response":[33,178],"time,":[34,179],"it":[35],"essential":[37],"design":[39,50,67,88],"and":[42,52,87,129,159,223],"efficient":[43,74],"protocol.":[45],"In":[46,137],"this":[47],"work,":[48],"we":[49,77,121,151,167,196],"protocols":[55,94,162,172,222],"relying":[56],"on":[57],"the":[58,104,107,112,134,164,194,214,224,229],"techniques":[59],"of":[60,126,156,202],"multiparty":[62],"computation.":[63],"We":[64,218],"make":[65],"choices":[68],"aid":[70],"achieving":[72],"highly":[73],"protocols.":[75,91],"Specifically,":[76],"consider":[78,122],"malicious":[79],"3-party":[80],"computation":[81,132],"setting":[82],"with":[83,232],"honest":[85],"majority":[86],"robust":[89],"ring-based":[90],"Our":[92],"provide":[95,160,175,182],"online":[98],"(i.e.,":[99],"input-dependent)":[100],"phase":[101],"compared":[102],"state-of-the-art":[105,216],"for":[106,163,187],"considered":[108,225],"setting.":[109],"To":[110],"showcase":[111,168],"efficiency":[113,230],"improvements":[114,231],"brought":[115],"by":[117],"our":[118,170,220],"protocols,":[120],"two":[123,153],"distinct":[124,154],"anonymous":[127],"broadcast":[128],"graph":[131],"via":[133],"GraphSC":[135],"paradigm.":[136],"both":[138],"cases,":[139],"multiple":[140,157,188],"invocations":[142,158],"are":[143],"required.":[144],"Hence,":[145],"going":[146],"beyond":[147],"standalone":[148],"invocation,":[150],"identify":[152],"scenarios":[155],"customised":[161],"same.":[165],"Further,":[166],"customized":[171],"not":[173,197],"only":[174,198],"but":[180,204],"also":[181,205],"improved":[183,209],"overall":[184],"run":[185],"time":[186],"invocations.":[190],"With":[191],"respect":[192,233],"applications,":[195],"improve":[199],"terms":[201],"efficiency,":[203],"work":[206],"towards":[207],"providing":[208],"security":[210],"guarantees,":[211],"thereby":[212],"outperforming":[213],"respective":[215],"works.":[217],"benchmark":[219],"analyze":[228],"various":[235],"parameters.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T07:12:00.856984","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}