{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315784670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0015","title":"Detect Your Fingerprint in Your Photographs: Photography-based Multi-Feature Sybil Detection","display_name":"Detect Your Fingerprint in Your Photographs: Photography-based Multi-Feature Sybil Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315784670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2023-0015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0015","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2023/popets-2023-0015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2023/popets-2023-0015.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114859192","display_name":"Yerim Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8406-7678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yerim Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University","Korea University Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340248","display_name":"Minjae Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8746-1915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minjae Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University","Korea University Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055049327","display_name":"Myungjae Chung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myungjae Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University","Korea University Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059902523","display_name":"Junbeom Hur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4823-4194"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junbeom Hur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114859192"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2277,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47381936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":"1","first_page":"244","last_page":"263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.946399986743927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7486546039581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sybil-attack","display_name":"Sybil attack","score":0.6610165238380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5673776865005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vendor","display_name":"Vendor","score":0.47209519147872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44748976826667786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.43586987257003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37057948112487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3474845886230469}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7486546039581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777505653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4470796","display_name":"Sybil attack","level":3,"score":0.6610165238380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5673776865005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777338717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762621","display_name":"Vendor","level":2,"score":0.47209519147872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44748976826667786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43586987257003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37057948112487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3474845886230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2023-0015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0015","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2023/popets-2023-0015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2023-0015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0015","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2023/popets-2023-0015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1161642172","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2022-2020-0-01819","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2143194094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2022-2021-0-01810","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2840961729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-2021-0-01810","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700831490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5449881391","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R1A6A1A13044830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6000274399","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-01810","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6403016105","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2022-2020-0-01819","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8018065544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-0-01819","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8920881622","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-01810","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4315784670.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W229583245","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1974272214","https://openalex.org/W1994130174","https://openalex.org/W2080429359","https://openalex.org/W2085984130","https://openalex.org/W2089051496","https://openalex.org/W2109740123","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2123402141","https://openalex.org/W2163007546","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2414519424","https://openalex.org/W2417941949","https://openalex.org/W2540342703","https://openalex.org/W2554218322","https://openalex.org/W2574953090","https://openalex.org/W2619910180","https://openalex.org/W2744332631","https://openalex.org/W2744692361","https://openalex.org/W2766032006","https://openalex.org/W2787740785","https://openalex.org/W2806633875","https://openalex.org/W2909195503","https://openalex.org/W2918882236","https://openalex.org/W2923599618","https://openalex.org/W2924811331","https://openalex.org/W2953027522","https://openalex.org/W2962831337","https://openalex.org/W2964274850","https://openalex.org/W2982625987","https://openalex.org/W2984239289","https://openalex.org/W2988701063","https://openalex.org/W2992050717","https://openalex.org/W3012219742","https://openalex.org/W3012428725","https://openalex.org/W3012857244","https://openalex.org/W3034414401","https://openalex.org/W3035222584","https://openalex.org/W3092951789","https://openalex.org/W3101921171","https://openalex.org/W3128124346","https://openalex.org/W3129251238","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W3207918547","https://openalex.org/W4211068006"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2340192855","https://openalex.org/W2741062270","https://openalex.org/W2326507185","https://openalex.org/W2165491783","https://openalex.org/W2783409857","https://openalex.org/W2478661203","https://openalex.org/W2004830053","https://openalex.org/W2318209665","https://openalex.org/W3008115697","https://openalex.org/W3132838512"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"darknet":[1,72,194,210,303,338],"market":[2],"is":[3,30,122,158],"an":[4,129,269],"online":[5],"marketplace":[6,304],"typically":[7],"implemented":[8],"over":[9],"Tor,":[10],"where":[11],"vendors":[12,95,225],"sell":[13],"illegal":[14],"products":[15],"or":[16,57,347],"criminal":[17],"services.":[18],"Due":[19,320],"to":[20,67,161,177,203,235,244,252,275,321,336],"dramatic":[21],"growth":[22],"in":[23,98,248],"the":[24,38,65,69,76,80,113,165,183,207,214,222,232,237,241,245,249,260,264],"popularity":[25],"of":[26,37,43,71,94,117,155,174,185,206,209,216,224,271,293,302,344,349],"such":[27],"markets,":[28],"there":[29],"a":[31,85,99,147,178,298,312],"recognized":[32],"need":[33],"for":[34,291,316,340],"automatic":[35],"investigation":[36],"market\u2019s":[39],"ecosystem":[40,70],"and":[41,74,108,111,140,144,239],"identification":[42],"anonymous":[44],"vendors.":[45,81],"However,":[46],"as":[47],"they":[48],"often":[49],"create":[50],"multiple":[51,92,114,125,170,288,324],"accounts":[52,63,116,172,218,280,290],"(or":[53],"Sybil":[54,62,87,115,167,217,279,289,314,341],"accounts)":[55],"within":[56],"across":[58],"different":[59,300],"marketplaces,":[60],"detecting":[61],"becomes":[64],"key":[66],"understanding":[68],"markets":[73,195,339],"identifying":[75,273],"actual":[77],"relationship":[78],"between":[79],"This":[82],"study":[83],"presents":[84],"novel":[86],"detection":[88,342],"method":[89,187,262,286,330],"that":[90,259,308],"extracts":[91],"features":[93],"from":[96,124,191,201,327],"photographs":[97],"fine-grained":[100,323],"level":[101],"(e.g.,":[102],"image":[103,130,138],"similarity,":[104],"main":[105],"category,":[106],"subcategory,":[107],"text":[109,141],"data),":[110],"reveals":[112],"them":[118],"simultaneously.":[119],"Each":[120],"feature":[121,149,325],"extracted":[123],"rich":[126],"sources":[127],"using":[128,146,188],"hash":[131],"algorithm,":[132],"Deep":[133],"Neural":[134],"Network":[135],"(DNN)":[136],"classifier,":[137],"restoration,":[139],"recognition":[142],"tool;":[143],"merged":[145],"weighted":[148],"embedding":[150],"model.":[151],"The":[152],"matching":[153],"score":[154],"each":[156,317],"vendor":[157,247],"then":[159],"calculated":[160],"identify":[162],"not":[163],"only":[164,310],"exact":[166],"accounts,":[168],"but":[169],"potential":[171],"suspected":[173],"being":[175],"associated":[176],"single":[179,313],"operator.":[180],"We":[181,230],"evaluate":[182,253],"efficacy":[184],"our":[186,285,329],"real-world":[189],"datasets":[190],"four":[192],"large":[193],"(i.e.,":[196],"SilkRoad2,":[197],"Agora,":[198],"Evolution,":[199],"Alphabay)":[200],"2014":[202],"2015.":[204],"Because":[205],"anonymity":[208],"market,":[211],"we":[212],"construct":[213],"ground-truth":[215],"by":[219],"randomly":[220],"splitting":[221],"dataset":[223],"into":[226],"two":[227],"even":[228],"parts.":[229],"used":[231],"first":[233,250],"set":[234,243,251],"train":[236],"model,":[238],"linked":[240],"second":[242],"original":[246],"performance.":[254],"Our":[255],"experimental":[256],"results":[257],"demonstrated":[258],"proposed":[261],"outperforms":[263],"existing":[265],"photography-based":[266],"system":[267],"with":[268],"accuracy":[270],"98%,":[272],"up":[274],"700%":[276],"more":[277,333],"candidate":[278],"than":[281,306],"prior":[282],"work.":[283],"Additionally,":[284],"detects":[287],"90%":[292],"evaluated":[294],"test":[295],"cases,":[296],"presenting":[297],"very":[299],"picture":[301],"dynamics":[305],"methods":[307],"can":[309,331],"detect":[311],"account":[315],"target":[318],"vendor.":[319],"its":[322],"extraction":[326],"photographs,":[328],"be":[332],"generically":[334],"applied":[335],"various":[337],"regardless":[343],"their":[345],"languages":[346],"categories":[348],"items.":[350]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
