{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293783355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0127","title":"Homomorphically counting elements with the same property","display_name":"Homomorphically counting elements with the same property","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293783355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0127"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2022-0127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0127","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2022/popets-2022-0127.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2022/popets-2022-0127.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047514067","display_name":"Ilia Iliashenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-1003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139220","display_name":"Cipher Gene (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03fqvdm62","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139220"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ilia Iliashenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ciphermode Labs"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ciphermode Labs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139220"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074733198","display_name":"Malika Izabach\u00e8ne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0216-7958"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malika Izabach\u00e8ne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cosmian"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cosmian","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101939163","display_name":"Axel Mertens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-8265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196972281","display_name":"Imec the Netherlands","ror":"https://ror.org/01ezq2j76","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196972281"]}],"countries":["BE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Axel Mertens","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec-COSIC - KU Leuven","imec-COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-COSIC - KU Leuven","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196972281","https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062966441","display_name":"Hilder V. L. Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1303-3760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196972281","display_name":"Imec the Netherlands","ror":"https://ror.org/01ezq2j76","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196972281"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hilder V. L. Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec-COSIC - KU Leuven","imec-COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-COSIC - KU Leuven","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196972281","https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-COSIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047514067"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139220"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4164,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68323362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2022","issue":"4","first_page":"670","last_page":"683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12229","display_name":"Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.9531360864639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7686390280723572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.6739010810852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5775749087333679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5693556070327759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5273348093032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5122637152671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrapping","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","score":0.4809276759624481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.47144615650177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.42980656027793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.42427825927734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.30950918793678284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24599838256835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09993845224380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08645793795585632}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.9531360864639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7686390280723572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6739010810852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5775749087333679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5693556070327759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5273348093032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5122637152671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207609745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4944086","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4809276759624481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.47144615650177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.42980656027793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42427825927734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.30950918793678284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24599838256835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09993845224380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08645793795585632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2022-0127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0127","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2022/popets-2022-0127.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/695546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/20.500.12942/695546/2/2022-572.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, vol. 2022 (4), (670-683)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2022-0127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0127","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2022/popets-2022-0127.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1960512280","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Odysseus","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4435414571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"VR20192203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","funder_display_name":"Vlaamse regering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051015205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Projects","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293783355.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293783355.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W913176383","https://openalex.org/W1494049356","https://openalex.org/W1906205923","https://openalex.org/W2074388704","https://openalex.org/W2152926062","https://openalex.org/W2285574614","https://openalex.org/W2400700555","https://openalex.org/W2401959250","https://openalex.org/W2739710254","https://openalex.org/W2942255051","https://openalex.org/W3009890491","https://openalex.org/W3028867652","https://openalex.org/W3081517513","https://openalex.org/W3116456096","https://openalex.org/W3202996395","https://openalex.org/W4287781070","https://openalex.org/W4320154905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2390373936","https://openalex.org/W2952868832","https://openalex.org/W2152926062","https://openalex.org/W2905721330","https://openalex.org/W4385201840","https://openalex.org/W291693969","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2340393497","https://openalex.org/W2952105068","https://openalex.org/W2160390325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,28,50,153],"propose":[1],"homomorphic":[2,87,106,123],"algorithms":[3],"for":[4,133,150],"privacy-preserving":[5],"applications":[6,134],"where":[7,40,135],"we":[8,15],"are":[9],"given":[10],"an":[11],"encrypted":[12,178],"dataset":[13],"and":[14,37,43,70,99,125,128,169],"want":[16],"to":[17,47,56,78,172],"compute":[18],"the":[19,41,48,67,72,79,86,90,93,94,136,145,151,155],"number":[20,73,137,146],"of":[21,74,92,97,138,147,157],"elements":[22,75],"that":[23,109],"share":[24],"a":[25,30,35,38,63,162,174],"common":[26],"property.":[27,152],"consider":[29],"two":[31,52],"party":[32],"scenario":[33],"between":[34],"client":[36],"server,":[39],"storage":[42],"computation":[44,88],"is":[45,130,141],"outsourced":[46],"server.":[49],"present":[51],"new":[53,122],"efficient":[54],"methods":[55,159],"solve":[57],"this":[58],"problem":[59],"by":[60,160],"homomorphically":[61],"evaluating":[62],"selection":[64],"function":[65,176],"encoding":[66],"desired":[68],"property,":[69],"counting":[71],"which":[76],"evaluates":[77],"same":[80],"value.":[81],"Our":[82,117],"first":[83],"method":[84,119],"programs":[85],"in":[89,167],"style":[91],"functional":[95],"bootstrapping":[96],"TFHE":[98],"can":[100],"be":[101],"instantiated":[102],"with":[103],"essentially":[104],"any":[105],"encryption":[107],"scheme":[108],"operates":[110],"on":[111,121],"polynomials,":[112],"like":[113],"FV":[114],"or":[115],"BGV.":[116],"second":[118],"relies":[120],"operations":[124],"ciphertext":[126],"formats,":[127],"it":[129,171],"more":[131],"suitable":[132],"possible":[139,148],"inputs":[140],"much":[142],"larger":[143],"than":[144],"values":[149],"illustrate":[154],"feasibility":[156],"our":[158],"presenting":[161],"publicly":[163],"available":[164],"proof-ofconcept":[165],"implementation":[166],"C++":[168],"using":[170],"evaluate":[173],"heatmap":[175],"over":[177],"geographic":[179],"points.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
