{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286256878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0086","title":"User-friendly yet rarely read: A case study on the redesign of an online HIPAA authorization","display_name":"User-friendly yet rarely read: A case study on the redesign of an online HIPAA authorization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286256878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2022-0086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0086","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2022/popets-2022-0086.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2022/popets-2022-0086.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049791913","display_name":"Sarah Pearman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0038-5521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Pearman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University","Carnegie Mellon University,","Carnegie Mel-lon University,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mel-lon University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061766014","display_name":"Eleanor Young","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-1492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4056153","display_name":"New College of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/01cbya385","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4056153"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellie Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["New College of Florida","Carnegie Mel-lon University,","Carnegie Mellon University,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New College of Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4056153"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mel-lon University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072760035","display_name":"Lorrie Faith Cranor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-0124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorrie Faith Cranor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University","Carnegie Mel-lon University,","Carnegie Mellon University,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mel-lon University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7579,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94787917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2022","issue":"3","first_page":"558","last_page":"581"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13048","display_name":"Patient Dignity and Privacy","score":0.9678999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9668999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatbot","display_name":"Chatbot","score":0.8328673839569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.675220251083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6107949614524841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5810110569000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance-portability-and-accountability-act","display_name":"Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act","score":0.46259987354278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authorization","display_name":"Authorization","score":0.44290992617607117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4227108359336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.41290879249572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.3293110728263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3207903504371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.13098570704460144}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870780","display_name":"Chatbot","level":2,"score":0.8328673839569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.675220251083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6107949614524841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5810110569000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778306010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q606563","display_name":"Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act","level":3,"score":0.46259987354278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108759981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788590","display_name":"Authorization","level":2,"score":0.44290992617607117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4227108359336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.41290879249572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.3293110728263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3207903504371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.13098570704460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2022-0086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0086","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2022/popets-2022-0086.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56553/popets-2022-0086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0086","pdf_url":"https://petsymposium.org/popets/2022/popets-2022-0086.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183172","display_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","issn_l":"2299-0984","issn":["2299-0984"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G331527480","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1852260","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7027958757","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1852260","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306125","display_name":"Carnegie Corporation of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/02gp85x20"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4286256878.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4286256878.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507711477","https://openalex.org/W1535807333","https://openalex.org/W2007784529","https://openalex.org/W2029059557","https://openalex.org/W2046638191","https://openalex.org/W2064058875","https://openalex.org/W2083734720","https://openalex.org/W2108554506","https://openalex.org/W2147388986","https://openalex.org/W2153222072","https://openalex.org/W2211757780","https://openalex.org/W2232766362","https://openalex.org/W2412350177","https://openalex.org/W2487246345","https://openalex.org/W2508414746","https://openalex.org/W2722360008","https://openalex.org/W2940588539","https://openalex.org/W3017863658","https://openalex.org/W3030118879","https://openalex.org/W3123152512","https://openalex.org/W3130223572","https://openalex.org/W3158376304","https://openalex.org/W3202472344","https://openalex.org/W4300870773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103680605","https://openalex.org/W3022012955","https://openalex.org/W172117783","https://openalex.org/W3091274619","https://openalex.org/W1965392241","https://openalex.org/W2736591912","https://openalex.org/W3003835306","https://openalex.org/W3154546587","https://openalex.org/W377587031","https://openalex.org/W40830202"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3,85,107,161],"describe":[4],"the":[5,57,62,67,75,104,123,164],"iterative":[6],"evaluation":[7],"and":[8,50,59,70,125,130,190,193],"refinement":[9],"of":[10,29,61,127],"a":[11,15,20,30,35,42],"consent":[12,63,98],"flow":[13,64],"for":[14,37,163,166],"chatbot":[16],"being":[17],"developed":[18],"by":[19],"large":[21],"U.S.":[22],"health":[23,172],"insurance":[24],"company.":[25],"This":[26],"chatbot\u2019s":[27],"use":[28],"cloud":[31],"service":[32],"provider":[33],"triggers":[34],"requirement":[36],"users":[38,72,89],"to":[39,41,110,171],"agree":[40],"HIPAA":[43,135],"authorization.":[44],"We":[45,114],"highlight":[46],"remote":[47],"usability":[48],"study":[49],"online":[51],"survey":[52],"findings":[53],"indicating":[54],"that":[55,87,117,131,146],"simplifying":[56],"interface":[58],"language":[60],"can":[65],"improve":[66],"user":[68],"experience":[69],"help":[71],"who":[73],"read":[74],"content":[76],"understand":[77],"how":[78],"their":[79],"data":[80,129,173],"may":[81],"be":[82],"used.":[83],"However,":[84],"observe":[86],"most":[88],"in":[90,103,137,158],"our":[91,96,147],"studies,":[92],"even":[93],"those":[94],"using":[95],"improved":[97],"flows,":[99],"missed":[100],"important":[101],"information":[102],"authorization":[105],"until":[106],"asked":[108],"them":[109],"review":[111],"it":[112,142],"again.":[113],"also":[115],"show":[116],"many":[118,132,155],"people":[119,133],"are":[120],"overconfident":[121],"about":[122],"privacy":[124,195],"security":[126],"healthcare":[128],"believe":[134],"protects":[136],"far":[138],"more":[139],"contexts":[140,184],"than":[141],"actually":[143],"does.":[144],"Given":[145],"redesigns":[148],"following":[149],"best":[150],"practices":[151],"did":[152],"not":[153],"produce":[154],"meaningful":[156],"improvements":[157],"informed":[159],"consent,":[160],"argue":[162],"need":[165],"research":[167,183],"on":[168],"alternate":[169],"approaches":[170],"disclosures":[174],"such":[175,185],"as":[176,186],"standardized":[177],"disclosures;":[178],"methods":[179],"borrowed":[180],"from":[181],"clinical":[182],"multimedia":[187],"formats,":[188],"quizzes,":[189],"conversational":[191],"approaches;":[192],"automated":[194],"assistants.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
