{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1493904710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v8n3p119","title":"Handling Uncertainty in Database: An Introduction and Brief Survey","display_name":"Handling Uncertainty in Database: An Introduction and Brief Survey","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1493904710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v8n3p119","mag":"1493904710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/cis.v8n3p119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v8n3p119","pdf_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/49956/27836","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764452479","display_name":"Computer and Information Science","issn_l":"1913-8989","issn":["1913-8989","1913-8997"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/49956/27836","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029879592","display_name":"Nermin Abdelhakim Othman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5419-3739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nermin Abdel-Hakim Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helwan University;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helwan University;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067062804","display_name":"Ahmed Sharaf Eldin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2245-8349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1355163","display_name":"Sinai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dd13a92","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1355163"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Sharaf Eldin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers & Information, Helwan Univ., Cairo, Egypt","Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Science, Sinai Univ., Sinai, Egypt","Sinai University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers & Information, Helwan Univ., Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Science, Sinai Univ., Sinai, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1355163"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sinai University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1355163"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113561052","display_name":"Doaa S. El Zanfaly","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doaa Saad El Zanfaly","raw_affiliation_strings":["British University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British University","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6152,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70213391,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8736007809638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertain-data","display_name":"Uncertain data","score":0.7070413827896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6179015636444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.6153962016105652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-administration","display_name":"Data administration","score":0.5430253744125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5389031171798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-management","display_name":"Data management","score":0.5262970924377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.4760667681694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-design","display_name":"Database design","score":0.38324809074401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3578924834728241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3526264429092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-model","display_name":"Database model","score":0.2911914587020874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8736007809638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778865114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882489","display_name":"Uncertain data","level":2,"score":0.7070413827896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6179015636444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.6153962016105652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115842085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4057846","display_name":"Data administration","level":4,"score":0.5430253744125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5389031171798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1668388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149776","display_name":"Data management","level":2,"score":0.5262970924377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.4760667681694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148840519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049878","display_name":"Database design","level":2,"score":0.38324809074401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3578924834728241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3526264429092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5968703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267136","display_name":"Database model","level":3,"score":0.2911914587020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5539/cis.v8n3p119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v8n3p119","pdf_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/49956/27836","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764452479","display_name":"Computer and Information Science","issn_l":"1913-8989","issn":["1913-8989","1913-8997"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/cis.v8n3p119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v8n3p119","pdf_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/49956/27836","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764452479","display_name":"Computer and Information Science","issn_l":"1913-8989","issn":["1913-8989","1913-8997"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1493904710.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1493904710.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8130056","https://openalex.org/W19971480","https://openalex.org/W30939413","https://openalex.org/W200941015","https://openalex.org/W1486776102","https://openalex.org/W1490591387","https://openalex.org/W1491547607","https://openalex.org/W1512100729","https://openalex.org/W1512485814","https://openalex.org/W1531472752","https://openalex.org/W1534565126","https://openalex.org/W1545849364","https://openalex.org/W1555883292","https://openalex.org/W1818890319","https://openalex.org/W1880438802","https://openalex.org/W1968461475","https://openalex.org/W1980649419","https://openalex.org/W1992609556","https://openalex.org/W1997919781","https://openalex.org/W2011130689","https://openalex.org/W2029138824","https://openalex.org/W2037176899","https://openalex.org/W2041763948","https://openalex.org/W2042502381","https://openalex.org/W2044494469","https://openalex.org/W2045928315","https://openalex.org/W2068447118","https://openalex.org/W2078686663","https://openalex.org/W2088422262","https://openalex.org/W2097995023","https://openalex.org/W2104219297","https://openalex.org/W2108009586","https://openalex.org/W2110037957","https://openalex.org/W2115986770","https://openalex.org/W2116440837","https://openalex.org/W2120825705","https://openalex.org/W2125402103","https://openalex.org/W2130578025","https://openalex.org/W2131279038","https://openalex.org/W2132333881","https://openalex.org/W2137536943","https://openalex.org/W2138105615","https://openalex.org/W2138271690","https://openalex.org/W2140237757","https://openalex.org/W2140757415","https://openalex.org/W2142909274","https://openalex.org/W2143485006","https://openalex.org/W2144810465","https://openalex.org/W2144992712","https://openalex.org/W2149453987","https://openalex.org/W2158982579","https://openalex.org/W2163382775","https://openalex.org/W2166916904","https://openalex.org/W2167956717","https://openalex.org/W2169275758","https://openalex.org/W2171262729","https://openalex.org/W2171688288","https://openalex.org/W2186146627","https://openalex.org/W2292011317","https://openalex.org/W2294071733","https://openalex.org/W3021436136","https://openalex.org/W3125775342","https://openalex.org/W3149824357","https://openalex.org/W4231997794","https://openalex.org/W4250143236","https://openalex.org/W6601270101","https://openalex.org/W6629445668","https://openalex.org/W6633406754","https://openalex.org/W6672615329","https://openalex.org/W6683332125","https://openalex.org/W6684648153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388894820","https://openalex.org/W4200232656","https://openalex.org/W1546344245","https://openalex.org/W1945121096","https://openalex.org/W3150227232","https://openalex.org/W2887927232","https://openalex.org/W1989645082","https://openalex.org/W2134829868","https://openalex.org/W2478358021","https://openalex.org/W4387352177"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,11,20,127],"last":[2],"years,":[3],"uncertainty":[4,52,98],"management":[5,72,129],"became":[6],"an":[7],"important":[8],"aspect":[9],"as":[10,61,111],"presence":[12],"of":[13,32,48,64,84,97,118,126],"uncertain":[14,80,108,119,133],"data":[15,33,38,51,109],"increased":[16],"rapidly.":[17],"Due":[18],"to":[19,28,78],"several":[21],"advanced":[22],"technologies":[23],"that":[24,39],"have":[25,75],"been":[26],"developed":[27],"record":[29],"large":[30],"quantity":[31],"continuously,":[34],"resulting":[35],"is":[36,87],"a":[37,62,124],"contain":[40],"errors":[41],"or":[42],"may":[43],"be":[44],"partially":[45],"complete.":[46],"Instead":[47],"dealing":[49,131],"with":[50,59,68,132],"by":[53],"removing":[54],"it,":[55],"we":[56,92,102],"must":[57],"deal":[58,67],"it":[60],"source":[63],"information.":[65],"To":[66],"this":[69,85],"data,":[70,134],"database":[71,128],"system":[73],"should":[74],"special":[76],"features":[77,137],"handle":[79],"data.":[81,120],"The":[82],"aim":[83],"paper":[86],"twofold:":[88],"on":[89],"one":[90],"hand,":[91],"describe":[93],"some":[94],"key":[95],"concepts":[96],"in":[99],"database.":[100],"Then":[101],"discuss":[103],"different":[104],"techniques":[105],"for":[106],"managing":[107],"such":[110],"join":[112],"processing,":[113],"query":[114],"selection,":[115],"and":[116,138],"indexing":[117],"We":[121],"also":[122],"provide":[123],"survey":[125],"systems":[130],"presenting":[135],"their":[136],"comparing":[139],"them.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}