{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2156104878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v5n1p20","title":"Effect of Sensor Mobility and Channel Fading on Wireless Sensor Network Clustering Algorithms","display_name":"Effect of Sensor Mobility and Channel Fading on Wireless Sensor Network Clustering Algorithms","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2156104878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v5n1p20","mag":"2156104878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/cis.v5n1p20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v5n1p20","pdf_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/13045/9585","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764452479","display_name":"Computer and Information Science","issn_l":"1913-8989","issn":["1913-8989","1913-8997"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/13045/9585","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049012474","display_name":"Ahmed H. Gabr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6026-955X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59272784","display_name":"Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/0004vyj87","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed H. Gabr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering Arab Academy for Science & technology Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering Arab Academy for Science & technology Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109245017","display_name":"Sherif Keshk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherif Keshk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Mansoura University Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Mansoura University Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080629560","display_name":"Aliaa A. A. Youssif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8304-9453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59272784","display_name":"Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/0004vyj87","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aliaa A. A. Youssif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering Arab Academy for Science & technology Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering Arab Academy for Science & technology Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049012474"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20833168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8191109895706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7511464953422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.6663597822189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.66211998462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.6268340349197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5697558522224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5420083403587341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4605639576911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.451643705368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34705159068107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.33224397897720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32903963327407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07507580518722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06834307312965393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8191109895706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7511464953422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.6663597822189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.66211998462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.6268340349197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5697558522224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5420083403587341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4605639576911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.451643705368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34705159068107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.33224397897720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32903963327407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07507580518722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06834307312965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5539/cis.v5n1p20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v5n1p20","pdf_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/13045/9585","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764452479","display_name":"Computer and Information Science","issn_l":"1913-8989","issn":["1913-8989","1913-8997"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.651.6961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.651.6961","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/13045/9585/","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/cis.v5n1p20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v5n1p20","pdf_url":"https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/13045/9585","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764452479","display_name":"Computer and Information Science","issn_l":"1913-8989","issn":["1913-8989","1913-8997"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2156104878.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2156104878.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6107676","https://openalex.org/W1976863575","https://openalex.org/W2088087163","https://openalex.org/W2099751474","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2108777122","https://openalex.org/W2109036751","https://openalex.org/W2132549513","https://openalex.org/W2148135143","https://openalex.org/W2155492251","https://openalex.org/W2155864758","https://openalex.org/W2170239483","https://openalex.org/W6600233608"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116044594","https://openalex.org/W2101999641","https://openalex.org/W1503152075","https://openalex.org/W301676527","https://openalex.org/W2052600062","https://openalex.org/W2124541664","https://openalex.org/W289296924","https://openalex.org/W2122920812","https://openalex.org/W2109988226","https://openalex.org/W2545273393"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clustering":[0,135],"is":[1,69,101],"an":[2],"effective":[3],"topology":[4],"approach":[5],"in":[6,164,208,213],"wireless":[7],"sensor":[8,38,54,74],"network,":[9],"which":[10,100],"can":[11],"increase":[12],"network":[13,157,193],"lifetime":[14,158,194],"and":[15,138,159,184,195,234,253],"scalability.":[16],"Either":[17],"Node":[18,34],"Mobility":[19,35,128],"or":[20],"Channel":[21],"fading":[22,78,232],"has":[23],"a":[24,96],"negative":[25],"impact":[26],"on":[27,103,131,153,182],"various":[28],"clustering":[29,98,186],"protocol.":[30],"In":[31,61],"case":[32,209,214],"of":[33,122,210,215],"when":[36,56],"all":[37],"nodes":[39,85,200,207,218,252],"are":[40,116],"mobile":[41,199,217],"the":[42,49,53,62,65,73,80,84,88,120,150,156,173],"current":[43],"nearest":[44],"cluster":[45],"head":[46],"may":[47],"be":[48],"farthest":[50],"one":[51],"for":[52],"node":[55,123],"message":[57],"transmission":[58],"phase":[59],"starts.":[60],"present":[63],"research":[64],"received":[66],"signal":[67],"strength":[68],"used":[70],"to":[71,118,205,225,247,260],"estimate":[72],"location.":[75],"Consequently,":[76],"channel":[77,177],"affects":[79],"path":[81],"loss":[82],"between":[83,91],"thus":[86],"affecting":[87],"estimated":[89],"distance":[90],"them.":[92],"This":[93],"paper":[94],"introduces":[95],"new":[97],"protocol":[99,107,143],"built":[102],"Adaptive":[104,111,134,140],"Decentralized":[105,112,141],"re-clustering":[106,113,142],"called":[108],"E-ADRP":[109,166,185,211,233,241],"(Enhanced":[110],"protocol).":[114],"Simulations":[115],"performed":[117],"test":[119],"effect":[121],"mobility":[124,152],"using":[125],"Random":[126],"Walk":[127],"model":[129,178],"(RWM)":[130],"Low":[132],"Energy":[133],"Hierarchy":[136],"(LEACH)":[137],"Enhanced":[139],"(E-ADRP).":[144],"The":[145,188],"simulation":[146,167,189],"results":[147,168,190],"show":[148,191],"that":[149,192],"applied":[151,181],"LEACH":[154,183,216,235,254],"affected":[155,221,239,243,256],"energy":[160,196],"dissipation":[161,197],"negatively":[162,220,238],"while":[163,212],"contrast":[165],"were":[169,201,219,236],"much":[170],"better.":[171],"On":[172],"other":[174],"side,":[175],"Rayleigh":[176],"also":[179],"was":[180,242,255],"algorithms.":[187],"at":[198,231],"nearly":[202],"stable":[203],"compared":[204],"static":[206,229,251,264],"by":[222,244,257],"rate":[223,245,258],"up":[224,246,259],"24%":[226],"less":[227,249,262],"than":[228,250,263],"nodes,":[230],"both":[237],"where":[240],"40%":[248],"50%":[261],"nodes.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}