{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2925597902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v12n2p87","title":"Opinion Spam Detection based on Annotation Extension and Neural Networks","display_name":"Opinion Spam Detection based on Annotation Extension and Neural Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2925597902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v12n2p87","mag":"2925597902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/cis.v12n2p87","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v12n2p87","pdf_url":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/0/0/39043/40879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764452479","display_name":"Computer and Information Science","issn_l":"1913-8989","issn":["1913-8989","1913-8997"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/0/0/39043/40879","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101881571","display_name":"Yuanchao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0430-7658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanchao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101799605","display_name":"Bo Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4521-6369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3444,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65466648,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"87","last_page":"87"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9075886011123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.6258821487426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"Reputation","score":0.5230632424354553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5223551988601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5080857276916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4750635325908661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.4700780212879181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.42518121004104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42160624265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.34590280055999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3246335983276367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9075886011123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.6258821487426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.5230632424354553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5223551988601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5080857276916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4750635325908661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.4700780212879181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.42518121004104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42160624265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.34590280055999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3246335983276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5539/cis.v12n2p87","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v12n2p87","pdf_url":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/0/0/39043/40879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764452479","display_name":"Computer and Information Science","issn_l":"1913-8989","issn":["1913-8989","1913-8997"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/cis.v12n2p87","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v12n2p87","pdf_url":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/0/0/39043/40879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764452479","display_name":"Computer and Information Science","issn_l":"1913-8989","issn":["1913-8989","1913-8997"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3562507197","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u95ee\u7b54\u793e\u533a\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7b54\u6848\u878d\u5408\u6846\u67b6\u53ca\u878d\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61572151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5139037730","display_name":"\u7f51\u8d2d\u4ea7\u54c1\u8bc4\u8bba\u53ef\u4fe1\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61672192","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2925597902.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2925597902.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W106005634","https://openalex.org/W115470646","https://openalex.org/W965920791","https://openalex.org/W1488483520","https://openalex.org/W1490414702","https://openalex.org/W1804563568","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W1960685374","https://openalex.org/W1970804597","https://openalex.org/W1977764012","https://openalex.org/W1996262124","https://openalex.org/W2013619287","https://openalex.org/W2016266039","https://openalex.org/W2047756776","https://openalex.org/W2048679005","https://openalex.org/W2053724458","https://openalex.org/W2054776631","https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2059640750","https://openalex.org/W2064058256","https://openalex.org/W2079057609","https://openalex.org/W2085443648","https://openalex.org/W2085789144","https://openalex.org/W2090093112","https://openalex.org/W2098370488","https://openalex.org/W2101210369","https://openalex.org/W2102232904","https://openalex.org/W2103063352","https://openalex.org/W2104660959","https://openalex.org/W2112213600","https://openalex.org/W2124637344","https://openalex.org/W2124821580","https://openalex.org/W2128383499","https://openalex.org/W2130764285","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2136903812","https://openalex.org/W2140910804","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2159359879","https://openalex.org/W2161283199","https://openalex.org/W2173089013","https://openalex.org/W2179021455","https://openalex.org/W2189187207","https://openalex.org/W2192783609","https://openalex.org/W2250861254","https://openalex.org/W2250966211","https://openalex.org/W2251030241","https://openalex.org/W2251251752","https://openalex.org/W2251645975","https://openalex.org/W2404244834","https://openalex.org/W2470673105","https://openalex.org/W2561920916","https://openalex.org/W2569238137","https://openalex.org/W2579280245","https://openalex.org/W2588246945","https://openalex.org/W2591945600","https://openalex.org/W2619296796","https://openalex.org/W2772384723","https://openalex.org/W2790662531","https://openalex.org/W2801716390","https://openalex.org/W2802973008","https://openalex.org/W2804338221","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2949957935","https://openalex.org/W2963921497","https://openalex.org/W4293355737","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W6604315852","https://openalex.org/W6664976405","https://openalex.org/W6675573459","https://openalex.org/W6685180615","https://openalex.org/W6691103430","https://openalex.org/W6760385162","https://openalex.org/W7020404858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2377979023","https://openalex.org/W2218034408","https://openalex.org/W2392921965","https://openalex.org/W2358755282","https://openalex.org/W1570025324","https://openalex.org/W2116902754","https://openalex.org/W376728115","https://openalex.org/W2166185180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"reviews":[1,31],"play":[2],"an":[3,122],"increasingly":[4],"important":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,55,102],"the":[8,17,36,69,79,114,158,165],"purchase":[9],"decisions":[10],"of":[11,38,81],"potential":[12],"customers.":[13],"Incidentally,":[14],"driven":[15],"by":[16,111],"desire":[18],"to":[19,28,78,105,131,156],"gain":[20],"profit":[21],"or":[22,34,40,66],"publicity,":[23],"spammers":[24],"may":[25,85],"be":[26],"hired":[27],"write":[29],"fake":[30],"and":[32,52,135,172],"promote":[33],"demote":[35],"reputation":[37],"products":[39],"services.":[41],"Correspondingly,":[42],"opinion":[43,107],"spam":[44,72,108],"detection":[45,88,109],"has":[46,168],"attracted":[47],"attention":[48],"from":[49,142],"both":[50],"business":[51],"research":[53],"communities":[54],"recent":[56],"years.":[57],"However,":[58],"unlike":[59],"other":[60],"tasks":[61],"such":[62],"as":[63],"news":[64],"classification":[65],"blog":[67],"classification,":[68],"existing":[70,115],"review":[71],"datasets":[73],"are":[74],"typically":[75],"limited":[76],"due":[77],"expensiveness":[80],"human":[82],"annotation,":[83],"which":[84],"further":[86],"affect":[87],"performance":[89,110,174],"even":[90],"if":[91],"excellent":[92],"classifiers":[93,130],"have":[94],"been":[95],"developed.":[96],"We":[97,119],"propose":[98],"a":[99,152],"novel":[100],"approach":[101,167],"this":[103],"paper":[104],"boost":[106],"fully":[112],"utilizing":[113],"labelled":[116,140],"small-size":[117],"dataset.":[118],"first":[120],"design":[121],"annotation":[123],"extension":[124],"scheme":[125],"that":[126,164],"uses":[127],"extra":[128],"tree":[129],"train":[132],"multiple":[133],"estimators":[134],"then":[136],"iteratively":[137],"generate":[138],"reliable":[139],"samples":[141],"unlabeled":[143],"ones.":[144],"Subsequently,":[145],"we":[146],"examine":[147],"neural":[148],"network":[149],"scenarios":[150],"on":[151],"newly":[153],"extended":[154],"dataset":[155],"learn":[157],"distributed":[159],"representation.":[160],"Experimental":[161],"results":[162],"suggest":[163],"proposed":[166],"better":[169],"generalization":[170],"capability":[171],"improved":[173],"than":[175],"state-of-the-art":[176],"methods.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}