{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393670027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3878143","title":"Beneath the SURFace: An MRI-like View into the Life of a 21st Century Datacenter","display_name":"Beneath the SURFace: An MRI-like View into the Life of a 21st Century Datacenter","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393670027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3878143"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3878143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3878143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"dataset"},"type":"dataset","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3878143","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094323061","display_name":"Kristian Valur Laursen Olason","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-2865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laursen Olason, Kristian Valur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-2865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056738388","display_name":"Alexandru Uta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-2194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uta, Alexandru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leiden University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-2194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006986556","display_name":"Alexandru Iosup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8030-9398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iosup, Alexandru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8030-9398","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013976809","display_name":"Paul Melis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108155","display_name":"SURFsara (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/01k0v6g02","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108155"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melis, Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["SURFsara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SURFsara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082752831","display_name":"Damian Podareanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4207-8725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108155","display_name":"SURFsara (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/01k0v6g02","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108155"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Podareanu, Damian","raw_affiliation_strings":["SURFsara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SURFsara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108155"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000465445","display_name":"Valeriu Codreanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8348-7998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108155","display_name":"SURFsara (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/01k0v6g02","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108155"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Codreanu, Valeriu","raw_affiliation_strings":["SURFsara"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8348-7998","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SURFsara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108155"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9200999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9200999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9039000272750854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.48244816064834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39076119661331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3770679235458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3238702714443207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09719890356063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07336887717247009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.48244816064834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39076119661331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3770679235458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3238702714443207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09719890356063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07336887717247009}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3878143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3878143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"dataset"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.3878143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3878143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3878143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3878143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"dataset"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2324615561","https://openalex.org/W2086120259","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2245170124","https://openalex.org/W2076393078","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W3186982001","https://openalex.org/W1984402782","https://openalex.org/W2137941439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,348],"is":[1,108,286,299,479,501,577,589],"a":[2,152,235,258,330,345,518,528,579],"trace":[3],"archive":[4,349],"of":[5,111,131,193,205,229,339,359,364,445,463,481,498,517,530,540],"metrics":[6,82,113,428,478,527],"collected":[7],"from":[8,41,352,374],"the":[9,16,39,42,71,109,135,139,144,187,190,202,227,262,337,353,360,365,396,443,515,525,535,585,593],"Lisa":[10,361],"cluster":[11],"at":[12,335,371],"SURFsara":[13],"associated":[14],"with":[15],"article":[17],"that":[18,70,324,566,575],"will":[19,562,567],"be":[20,49],"published":[21,210],"in":[22,24,51,311,344,395,399,537,552,592],"USENIX;login:":[23],"July":[25],"2020.":[26],"Github":[27],"repository":[28],"which":[29,59,81,507,556],"contains":[30,350],"documentation":[31],"as":[32,34,134,387,412,426,543],"well":[33],"scripts":[35],"required":[36],"to":[37,85,96,181,215,226,288,301,316,329,467,534,570,583],"replicate":[38],"work":[40,278,342],"login":[43],"paper:":[44],"https://github.com/sara-nl/SURFace":[45],"Real-world":[46],"data":[47,285,305,326,351,376,410,424,500,550,573,587],"can":[48,327],"instrumental":[50],"answering":[52],"detailed":[53,104],"questions:":[54],"How":[55,66,77],"do":[56,67,78,176],"we":[57,68,73,79,94,198,474],"know":[58,69,80],"assumptions":[60],"regarding":[61,442],"large-scale":[62,346,494],"systems":[63,72,254,319,341,482],"are":[64,75,83,199,246],"realistic?":[65],"build":[74],"practical?":[76],"important":[84],"assess":[86],"when":[87],"analyzing":[88,186],"performance?":[89],"To":[90,124],"answer":[91],"such":[92,133,156,252,304,386,411,425,544,574],"questions,":[93],"need":[95],"collect":[97],"and":[98,143,164,172,245,382,401,429,456,470,486,490,542,554,581],"share":[99],"operational":[100],"traces":[101,157,197,209],"containing":[102],"real-world,":[103],"data.":[105],"Not":[106],"only":[107],"presence":[110],"low-level":[112,284,439],"significant,":[114],"but":[115],"they":[116,175,218],"also":[117,459],"help":[118],"avoid":[119],"biases":[120],"through":[121,234],"their":[122],"variety.":[123],"address":[125],"variety,":[126],"there":[127],"exist":[128],"several":[129,375],"types":[130],"archives,":[132],"Parallel":[136],"Workloads":[137,141],"Archive,":[138,142],"Grid":[140],"Google":[145],"or":[146,184,189,231,418,436],"Microsoft":[147],"logs":[148],"(the":[149],"Appendix":[150],"gives":[151],"multi-decade":[153],"overview).":[154],"However,":[155],"mostly":[158],"focus":[159],"on":[160,261,279],"higher-level":[161],"scheduling":[162,402],"decisions":[163],"high-level,":[165],"job-based":[166],"resource":[167],"utilization":[168],"(e.g.,":[169],"consumed":[170],"CPU":[171],"memory).":[173],"Thus,":[174],"not":[177,578],"provide":[178],"vital":[179],"information":[180],"system":[182,362,367,488,536],"administrators":[183],"researchers":[185],"full-stack":[188,290],"OS-level":[191],"operation":[192,516],"datacenters.":[194],"<br>":[195,521],"The":[196,472,496,560],"sharing":[200],"have":[201,255,548],"finest":[203],"granularity":[204,228],"all":[206,379],"other":[207,461],"open-source":[208,505],"so":[211],"far.":[212],"In":[213],"addition":[214],"scheduler-level":[216],"logs,":[217],"contain":[219,563],"over":[220],"<em>100":[221],"low-level,":[222],"server-based":[223],"metrics,":[224,370,414,441],"going":[225],"page-faults":[230],"bytes":[232],"transferred":[233],"NIC</em>.":[236],"<strong>The":[237],"SURF":[238],"archive</strong>":[239],"Datacenters":[240],"already":[241],"exhibit":[242],"unprecedented":[243,512],"scale":[244],"becoming":[247],"increasingly":[248],"more":[249,306,320,331],"complex.":[250],"Moreover,":[251],"computer":[253],"begun":[256],"having":[257],"significant":[259],"impact":[260],"environment,":[263],"for":[264,493,504],"example,":[265],"training":[266],"some":[267],"machine":[268],"learning":[269],"models":[270],"has":[271],"sizable":[272],"carbon":[273],"footprints.":[274],"As":[275],"our":[276,325],"recent":[277],"modern":[280],"datacenter":[281,468],"networks":[282],"shows,":[283],"key":[287],"understanding":[289],"operation,":[291],"including":[292,448],"high-level":[293],"application":[294],"behavior.":[295],"We":[296,322,368,458],"advocate":[297,323],"it":[298],"time":[300],"start":[302],"using":[303,476],"systematically,":[307],"unlocking":[308],"its":[309],"potential":[310],"helping":[312],"us":[313],"understand":[314],"how":[315,336,569,582],"make":[317],"(datacenter)":[318],"efficient.":[321],"contribute":[328],"holistic":[332],"approach,":[333],"looking":[334],"multitude":[338],"these":[340,477,510,545],"together":[343],"datacenter.":[347,520],"Dutch":[354],"National":[355],"Infrastructure,":[356],"Lisa.":[357],"Description":[358,363],"Cartesius":[366],"gather":[369],"15-second":[372],"intervals,":[373],"sources:":[377],"<strong>Slurm:</strong>":[378],"job,":[380],"task,":[381],"scheduler":[383],"related":[384,466],"data,":[385,506],"running":[388],"time,":[389,391],"queueing":[390],"failures,":[392],"servers":[393],"involved":[394],"execution,":[397],"organization":[398],"partitions,":[400],"policies.":[403],"<strong>NVIDIA":[404],"Management":[405],"Library":[406],"(NVML):":[407],"</strong>per":[408,422],"GPU,":[409],"power":[413,427],"temperature,":[415],"fan":[416],"speed,":[417],"used":[419],"memory.":[420],"<strong>IPMI:":[421],"server,":[423,447],"temperature.":[430],"<strong>OS-level:":[431],"</strong>from":[432],"either":[433],"<em>procfs</em>,":[434],"<em>sockstat,</em>":[435],"<em>netstat</em>":[437],"data:":[438],"OS":[440],"state":[444],"each":[446],"CPU,":[449],"disk,":[450],"memory,":[451],"network":[452],"utilization,":[453],"context":[454],"switches,":[455],"interrupts.":[457],"release":[460],"kinds":[462],"novel":[464],"information,":[465],"topology":[469],"organization.":[471],"audience":[473],"envision":[475],"composed":[480],"researchers,":[483],"infrastructure":[484],"developers":[485,492],"designers,":[487],"administrators,":[489],"software":[491],"infrastructure.":[495],"frequency":[497],"collecting":[499],"uniquely":[502],"high":[503],"could":[508],"allow":[509],"experts":[511],"views":[513],"into":[514],"real":[519],"*":[522],"Note:":[523],"For":[524],"GPU":[526],"number":[529],"nodes":[531,547],"were":[532],"introduced":[533],"late":[538],"Feb/start":[539],"March":[541],"specific":[546],"no":[549],"available":[551],"January":[553],"February":[555],"may":[557],"cause":[558],"irregularities.":[559],"github":[561],"code":[564],"snippets":[565],"show":[568],"filter":[571],"this":[572,576],"problem":[580],"graph":[584],"parquet":[586],"(this":[588],"pending":[590],"update":[591],"next":[594],"few":[595],"days.":[596]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2024-04-03T00:00:00"}