{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7115940026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17969521","title":"Invariant-Guided Logical Testing of Open RAN Controllers","display_name":"Invariant-Guided Logical Testing of Open RAN Controllers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7115940026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17969521"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17969521","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17969521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Software"},"type":"software","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17969521","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yang, Tianchang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5548-7592"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Tianchang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5548-7592","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ranjbar, Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7916-9916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranjbar, Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7916-9916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tan, Gang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6109-6091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan, Gang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6109-6091","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hussain, Syed Rafiul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-8544"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussain, Syed Rafiul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-8544","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":null,"topics":[],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.909600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4986000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.4909000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4747999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-data-model","display_name":"Semantic data model","score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-conjunction","display_name":"Logical conjunction","score":0.3188000023365021}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.909600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.817799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5770999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4986000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.4909000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4747999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.45210000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90312973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449052","display_name":"Semantic data model","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21847791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191081","display_name":"Logical conjunction","level":2,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25016198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781833","display_name":"Temporal logic","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3746660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068763","display_name":"Rule of inference","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98183937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2112188","display_name":"Program analysis","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134752490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374182","display_name":"Logical consequence","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85407183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045785","display_name":"Semantic network","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17969521","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17969521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Software"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.17969521","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17969521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Software"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Open":[0],"RAN":[1],"(O-RAN)":[2],"represents":[3],"a":[4,69],"fundamental":[5],"shift":[6,27],"in":[7,77],"mobile":[8],"network":[9],"architecture,":[10],"advancing":[11],"interoperability":[12],"and":[13,18,24,40,59,94,105],"flexibility":[14],"through":[15],"open":[16],"interfaces":[17],"software-driven":[19],"components.":[20],"While":[21],"enabling":[22],"programmability":[23],"innovation,":[25],"this":[26],"also":[28],"makes":[29],"the":[30,38,44,60],"logical":[31,75],"correctness":[32,50,64],"of":[33,43,62],"O-RAN":[34,78],"components":[35],"essential":[36],"for":[37,73,87],"secure":[39],"reliable":[41],"operation":[42],"network.":[45],"However,":[46],"validating":[47],"O-RAN\u2019s":[48],"semantic":[49,125,138],"remains":[51],"challenging":[52],"due":[53],"to":[54,134],"system":[55],"complexity,":[56],"implementation":[57],"diversity,":[58],"absence":[61],"explicit":[63],"oracles.":[65],"We":[66],"present":[67],"InvaRAN,":[68],"systematic":[70],"testing":[71],"framework":[72],"detecting":[74],"flaws":[76],"implementations":[79],"using":[80],"dynamically":[81],"inferred":[82],"program":[83,113],"invariants":[84,102],"as":[85],"proxies":[86],"expected":[88],"behavior.":[89],"To":[90],"reduce":[91],"false":[92],"positives":[93],"focus":[95],"on":[96,109,112],"semantically":[97],"meaningful":[98],"behaviors,":[99],"InvaRAN":[100,127],"classifies":[101],"into":[103],"critical":[104],"non-critical":[106],"categories":[107],"based":[108],"their":[110],"impact":[111],"logic.":[114],"Beyond":[115],"traditional":[116],"template-based":[117],"invariant":[118],"inference":[119],"approaches":[120],"that":[121],"infer":[122],"only":[123],"limited":[124],"relations,":[126],"captures":[128],"inter-variable":[129],"correlations":[130],"across":[131],"execution":[132],"traces":[133],"discover":[135],"more":[136],"expressive":[137],"linkage.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2025-12-19T00:00:00"}
