{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6912131787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14906488","title":"The evolution of Question Answering Systems: A comprehensive survey of trends and challenges - Dataset","display_name":"The evolution of Question Answering Systems: A comprehensive survey of trends and challenges - Dataset","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6912131787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14906488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.14906488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14906488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"dataset"},"type":"dataset","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14906488","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"BERNASCONI, ELEONORA","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-3084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"BERNASCONI, ELEONORA","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bari Aldo Moro","Sapienza University of Rome"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sapienza University of Rome","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ferilli, Stefano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1118-0601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferilli, Stefano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bari"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bari","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750","https://openalex.org/I861853513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":null,"topics":[],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.5892000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.5734000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5159000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.44290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformative-learning","display_name":"Transformative learning","score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative","display_name":"Narrative","score":0.3440000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.5892000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.5734000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5544000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5296000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5159000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.44290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37381756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20203288","display_name":"Representativeness heuristic","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776014549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050847","display_name":"Consolidation (business)","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130440534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14946528","display_name":"Conflation","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4438859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186117","display_name":"Timeline","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.14906488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14906488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.14906488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14906488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"dataset"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7582181692123413}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dataset":[0],"of":[1,4,11,21,24,123,168,177],"\"The":[2],"evolution":[3,23],"Question":[5],"Answering":[6],"Systems:":[7],"A":[8],"comprehensive":[9,19],"survey":[10,16,173],"trends":[12,153,179],"and":[13,38,47,73,83,102,129,146,151,191,223],"challenges\".":[14],"This":[15],"provides":[17],"a":[18,54,64,76,121,206],"review":[20,66],"the":[22,90,158,165,172,175],"question":[25],"answering":[26],"(QA)":[27],"systems":[28],"by":[29,41,115,120,126],"synthesizing":[30],"insights":[31],"from":[32,161],"500":[33],"papers":[34],"published":[35],"between":[36],"2020":[37],"2025.":[39],"Spurred":[40],"advancements":[42],"in":[43,57,111,217],"deep":[44],"neural":[45,117],"networks":[46],"transformer-based":[48],"models,":[49],"QA":[50,112,155,211],"research":[51],"has":[52],"experienced":[53],"transformative":[55],"leap":[56],"natural":[58],"language":[59,85],"understanding":[60],"(NLU).":[61],"We":[62],"employ":[63],"narrative":[65],"methodology":[67],"that":[68],"merges":[69],"systematic":[70,166],"data":[71,139],"collection":[72],"preprocessing":[74],"with":[75,200],"two-tiered":[77],"classification":[78],"pipeline,":[79],"integrating":[80],"rule-based":[81],"heuristics":[82],"large":[84],"model\u2013driven":[86],"analysis,":[87],"to":[88,164],"categorize":[89],"literature":[91],"into":[92],"key":[93],"dimensions":[94],"such":[95],"as":[96],"open-domain,":[97],"conversational,":[98],"domain-specific,":[99],"knowledge-base,":[100],"multi-modal,":[101],"evaluation-focused":[103],"approaches.":[104],"Our":[105],"findings":[106],"reveal":[107],"an":[108],"early":[109],"surge":[110],"publications,":[113],"propelled":[114],"pioneering":[116],"architectures,":[118],"followed":[119],"period":[122],"consolidation":[124],"characterized":[125],"incremental":[127],"innovations":[128],"hybrid":[130],"methods.":[131],"Despite":[132],"these":[133,178],"gains,":[134],"significant":[135],"challenges":[136],"remain,":[137],"including":[138],"dependence,":[140],"semantic":[141],"ambiguity,":[142],"multi-turn":[143],"context":[144],"retention,":[145],"model":[147],"interpretability.":[148],"Analyzing":[149],"publication":[150],"citation":[152],"across":[154],"subfields":[156],"underscores":[157],"field's":[159],"progression":[160],"initial":[162],"breakthroughs":[163],"refinement":[167],"established":[169],"techniques.":[170],"Finally,":[171],"examines":[174],"implications":[176],"for":[180,184,209,214],"future":[181],"research,":[182],"advocating":[183],"standardized":[185],"evaluation":[186],"metrics,":[187],"adaptive":[188,219],"learning":[189],"strategies,":[190],"ethically":[192],"informed":[193],"design":[194],"practices.":[195],"By":[196],"connecting":[197],"historical":[198],"perspectives":[199],"contemporary":[201],"advances,":[202],"this":[203],"work":[204],"offers":[205],"robust":[207],"roadmap":[208],"next-generation":[210],"systems,":[212],"poised":[213],"impactful":[215],"applications":[216],"education,":[218],"learning,":[220],"information":[221],"retrieval,":[222],"AI-driven":[224],"personalization.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
