{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2062368653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5244/c.25.88","title":"Inverse Rendering with a Morphable Model: A Multilinear Approach","display_name":"Inverse Rendering with a Morphable Model: A Multilinear Approach","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2062368653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5244/c.25.88","mag":"2062368653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5244/c.25.88","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5244/c.25.88","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2011","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085317911","display_name":"Oswald Aldrian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oswald Aldrian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of York"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086288842","display_name":"William A. P. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-0413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of York"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085317911"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3781,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80989858,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"88.1","last_page":"88.10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.675197422504425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-illumination","display_name":"Global illumination","score":0.642549455165863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.6342533230781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.5731120109558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflection","display_name":"Specular reflection","score":0.5617762207984924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spherical-harmonics","display_name":"Spherical harmonics","score":0.5508315563201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49226298928260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.44091516733169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36235135793685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22614598274230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.16700640320777893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1534542739391327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.1121821403503418}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.675197422504425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.642549455165863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6342533230781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.5731120109558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.5617762207984924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3768446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877100","display_name":"Spherical harmonics","level":2,"score":0.5508315563201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49226298928260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44091516733169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36235135793685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22614598274230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16700640320777893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1534542739391327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1121821403503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5244/c.25.88","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5244/c.25.88","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2011","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503702009","https://openalex.org/W2006907428","https://openalex.org/W2019152732","https://openalex.org/W2096348897","https://openalex.org/W2107037917","https://openalex.org/W2115807037","https://openalex.org/W2155211928","https://openalex.org/W2158054470","https://openalex.org/W2165916500","https://openalex.org/W2169635990","https://openalex.org/W2237250383"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2397912953","https://openalex.org/W2124439461","https://openalex.org/W2099004500","https://openalex.org/W4206603469","https://openalex.org/W4388994528","https://openalex.org/W2077708435","https://openalex.org/W4376115546","https://openalex.org/W1992884771","https://openalex.org/W4401207569","https://openalex.org/W4281488350"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,34],"this":[1,126],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,16,24,58,138,147,166,219],"complete":[6],"framework":[7],"to":[8,112,209],"inverse":[9,36],"render":[10],"faces":[11,39],"from":[12,40],"single":[13,41],"images":[14],"using":[15],"3D":[17,29],"Morphable":[18],"Model":[19],"(3DMM).":[20],"A":[21,78],"3DMM":[22,139],"is":[23,43,83],"linear":[25],"statistical":[26],"model":[27,194,210],"of":[28,38,80,89,100,132,158,217],"shape":[30,91],"and":[31,121,174,192,197,203],"texture":[32,120],"[2].":[33],"general,":[35],"rendering":[37],"photographs":[42],"ill-posed,":[44],"as":[45],"the":[46,75,96,105,130,156,178,189,215],"same":[47],"appearance":[48],"can":[49,61,109],"be":[50,62,110],"obtained":[51],"by":[52,64],"different":[53],"underlaying":[54],"factors.":[55],"For":[56,86],"instance,":[57],"red":[59,67,76],"pixel":[60],"caused":[63],"skin":[65],"colour,":[66],"illumination,":[68,95,118,212],"or":[69,115],"an":[70,87],"increased":[71],"camera":[72],"sensitivity":[73],"in":[74,129,146,161],"channel.":[77],"combination":[79],"these":[81],"factors":[82],"also":[84],"possible.":[85],"object":[88],"known":[90,98],"under":[92],"complex":[93],"natural":[94],"well":[97],"work":[99],"Ramamoorthi":[101],"[4]":[102],"shows":[103],"how":[104],"spherical":[106,207],"harmonic":[107],"domain":[108],"used":[111,206],"estimate":[113],"one":[114,198],"more":[116],"of:":[117],"surface":[119],"reflectance":[122,222],"properties.":[123],"We":[124],"revisit":[125],"classical":[127],"formulation":[128],"context":[131],"3DMMs.":[133],"Previous":[134],"methods":[135],"for":[136],"fitting":[137,167,183],"based":[140],"on":[141],"analysis-by-synthesis":[142],"recover":[143],"all":[144],"parameters":[145],"single,":[148],"nonconvex":[149],"objective":[150],"function":[151,180],"[2,":[152],"3].":[153],"To":[154],"reduce":[155],"threat":[157],"getting":[159],"stuck":[160],"local":[162],"minima,":[163],"Romdhani":[164],"introduced":[165],"algorithm":[168],"which":[169],"incorporates":[170],"features":[171],"like":[172],"edges":[173],"specular":[175],"highlights":[176],"into":[177],"cost":[179,216],"[5].":[181],"These":[182],"algorithms":[184],"make":[185],"limited":[186],"assumptions":[187],"about":[188],"illumination":[190],"environment":[191],"only":[193],"ambient":[195],"light":[196,200],"directional":[199],"source.":[201],"Zhang":[202],"Samaras":[204],"[6]":[205],"harmonics":[208],"unconstrained":[211],"although":[213],"at":[214],"assuming":[218],"simple":[220],"Lambertian":[221],"model.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
