{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135050195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0014447100004052","title":"REFINE: Robust Evaluation Framework for IDS under Concept Drift in Dynamic Environments","display_name":"REFINE: Robust Evaluation Framework for IDS under Concept Drift in Dynamic Environments","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135050195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0014447100004052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5220/0014447100004052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0014447100004052","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040739994","display_name":"Gabriele Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9385-3998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016811183","display_name":"Alessandra De Paola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7340-1847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra De Paola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009378175","display_name":"Salvatore Drago","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127077003","display_name":"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca","ror":"https://ror.org/035gh3a49","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore Drago","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025014332","display_name":"Pierluca Ferraro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1574-1111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierluca Ferraro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122932964","display_name":"Giuseppe Lo Re","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Lo Re","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32981572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1835","last_page":"1846"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.26100000739097595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5286999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5220/0014447100004052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0014447100004052","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unipa.it:10447/705550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10447/705550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401065","display_name":"Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47018447518348694,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"machine":[1],"learning-based":[2],"Intrusion":[3],"Detection":[4],"Systems":[5],"(IDSs)":[6],"are":[7,26,114],"designed":[8,58],"for":[9,136],"stationary":[10],"environments,":[11],"where":[12],"data":[13],"distributions":[14],"is":[15,71],"assumed":[16],"to":[17,32,54,59,78],"remain":[18],"constant":[19],"over":[20],"time.":[21],"However,":[22],"modern":[23],"network":[24,158],"environments":[25],"dynamic,":[27],"and":[28,111,164,182,193],"this":[29,128],"can":[30],"lead":[31],"significant":[33],"changes":[34],"in":[35,45,141],"the":[36,40,90,101],"observed":[37],"environment":[38],"since":[39],"training":[41],"phase,":[42],"causing":[43],"degradation":[44],"IDS":[46,137],"performance.":[47],"Consequently,":[48],"increasing":[49],"attention":[50],"has":[51],"been":[52],"given":[53],"online":[55,167,185],"learning":[56],"techniques":[57],"address":[60,125],"such":[61,68,83,104],"phenomenon,":[62],"known":[63],"as":[64,84,87,89],"concept":[65,139],"drift.":[66],"Designing":[67],"adaptive":[69],"systems":[70,105],"a":[72,79,108,132,146,165],"far":[73],"from":[74,156],"trivial":[75],"task,":[76],"due":[77],"multitude":[80],"of":[81,92,103,184],"factors,":[82],"experimental":[85,172],"biases":[86],"well":[88],"lack":[91],"real-world":[93],"labeled":[94],"datasets":[95,155],"with":[96,160],"precise":[97],"drift":[98,140,162,198],"annotations.":[99],"Moreover,":[100],"evaluation":[102,168,181],"still":[106],"lacks":[107],"standardized":[109],"methodology,":[110],"critical":[112,188],"aspects":[113],"often":[115],"inconsistently":[116],"addressed,":[117],"making":[118],"comparisons":[119],"between":[120],"approaches":[121],"particularly":[122],"difficult.":[123],"To":[124],"these":[126],"challenges,":[127],"work":[129],"proposes":[130],"REFINE,":[131],"Robust":[133],"Evaluation":[134],"Framework":[135],"under":[138],"dynamic":[142],"environments.":[143],"REFINE":[144,177],"combines":[145],"Concept":[147],"Drift":[148],"Stream":[149],"Generator":[150],"(CDSG),":[151],"which":[152],"produces":[153],"realistic":[154],"real":[157],"traffic":[159],"controlled":[161],"characteristics,":[163],"robust":[166],"pipeline":[169],"that":[170,176],"mitigates":[171],"biases.":[173],"Results":[174],"demonstrate":[175],"enables":[178],"accurate,":[179],"unbiased":[180],"comparison":[183],"IDSs,":[186],"providing":[187],"insights":[189],"into":[190],"their":[191],"adaptation":[192],"detection":[194],"capabilities":[195],"across":[196],"various":[197],"scenarios.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-13T00:00:00"}