{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409201545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0013476700003941","title":"D-LeDe: A Data Leakage Detection Method for Automotive Perception Systems","display_name":"D-LeDe: A Data Leakage Detection Method for Automotive Perception Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409201545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0013476700003941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5220/0013476700003941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0013476700003941","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0013476700003941","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003479257","display_name":"Md Abu Ahammed Babu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3747-1319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153628","display_name":"Volvo Cars (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/005n5zv88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Babu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","Research and Development, Volvo Car Corporation, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912","https://openalex.org/I881427289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development, Volvo Car Corporation, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108844969","display_name":"Sushant Pandey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushant Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027296715","display_name":"Darko Durisic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3901-873X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153628","display_name":"Volvo Cars (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/005n5zv88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darko Durisic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development, Volvo Car Corporation, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development, Volvo Car Corporation, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022484130","display_name":"Ashok Chaitanya Koppisetty","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153628","display_name":"Volvo Cars (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/005n5zv88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashok Koppisetty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development, Volvo Car Corporation, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development, Volvo Car Corporation, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074020697","display_name":"Miroslaw Staron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9052-0864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miroslaw Staron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912","https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003479257"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628","https://openalex.org/I66862912","https://openalex.org/I881427289"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08040836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"210","last_page":"221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9549999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9492999911308289,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.6980798244476318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.6793147921562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6091159582138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4361029863357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3755505681037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.323733925819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2212677001953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11906322836875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.06990459561347961}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.6980798244476318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6793147921562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6091159582138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4361029863357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3755505681037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.323733925819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2212677001953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11906322836875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.06990459561347961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5220/0013476700003941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0013476700003941","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/4ae587f2-21f0-4290-b291-6fb0ba570aa7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/4ae587f2-21f0-4290-b291-6fb0ba570aa7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Babu, M A A, Pandey, S K, Durisic, D, Koppisetty, A C & Staron, M 2025, D-LeDe : A Data Leakage Detection Method for Automotive Perception Systems. in J Ploeg, O Gusikhin & K Berns (eds), Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, VEHITS 2025. International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, VEHITS - Proceedings, Science and Technology Publications, Lda, pp. 210-221, 11th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, VEHITS 2025, Porto, Portugal, 02/04/2025. https://doi.org/10.5220/0013476700003941","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire_cris_publications/4ae587f2-21f0-4290-b291-6fb0ba570aa7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11370/4ae587f2-21f0-4290-b291-6fb0ba570aa7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Babu, M A A, Pandey, S K, Durisic, D, Koppisetty, A C & Staron, M 2025, D-LeDe : A Data Leakage Detection Method for Automotive Perception Systems. in J Ploeg, O Gusikhin & K Berns (eds), Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, VEHITS 2025. International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, VEHITS - Proceedings, Science and Technology Publications, Lda, pp. 210-221, 11th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, VEHITS 2025, Porto, Portugal, 02/04/2025. https://doi.org/10.5220/0013476700003941","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5220/0013476700003941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0013476700003941","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382644535","https://openalex.org/W2522768275","https://openalex.org/W2352938035","https://openalex.org/W2351672553","https://openalex.org/W2373392303","https://openalex.org/W2765894405","https://openalex.org/W1884735063","https://openalex.org/W2372668238","https://openalex.org/W2560421750","https://openalex.org/W645600747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data":[0],"leakage":[1,35,57,144],"is":[2,8,58,116],"a":[3,86,91,107,111,117],"very":[4],"common":[5],"problem":[6],"that":[7,132],"often":[9,41],"overlooked":[10],"during":[11,36],"splitting":[12],"data":[13,34,78,95,143],"into":[14],"train":[15],"and":[16,119],"test":[17],"sets":[18],"before":[19],"training":[20],"any":[21],"ML/DL":[22],"model.":[23],"The":[24,128],"model":[25,44,71],"performance":[26],"gets":[27],"artificially":[28],"inflated":[29],"with":[30,76],"the":[31,37,43,53,62,70,104,125,157],"presence":[32,54],"of":[33,55,66,103],"evaluation":[38,102,129,158],"phase":[39],"which":[40,115],"leads":[42],"to":[45,73,89,139,155],"erroneous":[46],"prediction":[47],"on":[48,110],"real-time":[49],"deployment.":[50],"However,":[51],"detecting":[52,94],"such":[56],"challenging,":[59],"particularly":[60],"in":[61,124],"object":[63],"detection":[64],"context":[65],"perception":[67],"systems":[68],"where":[69],"needs":[72],"be":[74],"supplied":[75],"image":[77,147,163],"for":[79,93],"training.":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82],"study,":[83],"we":[84],"conduct":[85],"computational":[87],"experiment":[88],"develop":[90],"method":[92,105,136],"leakage.":[96],"We":[97],"then":[98],"conducted":[99],"an":[100],"initial":[101],"as":[106],"first":[108],"step":[109],"public":[112],"dataset,":[113],"\u201cKitti\u201d,":[114],"popular":[118],"widely":[120],"accepted":[121],"benchmark":[122],"dataset":[123],"automotive":[126],"domain.":[127],"results":[130],"show":[131],"our":[133],"proposed":[134],"D-LeDe":[135],"are":[137],"able":[138],"successfully":[140],"detect":[141],"potential":[142],"caused":[145],"by":[146,160],"similarity.":[148],"A":[149],"further":[150],"validation":[151],"was":[152],"also":[153],"provided":[154],"justify":[156],"outcome":[159],"conducting":[161],"pair-wise":[162],"similarity":[164],"analysis":[165],"using":[166],"perceptual":[167],"hash":[168],"(pHash)":[169],"distance.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-04T09:10:02.777135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}