{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404623304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0013027700003822","title":"Spray Quality Assessment on Water-Sensitive Paper Comparing AI and Classical Computer Vision Methods","display_name":"Spray Quality Assessment on Water-Sensitive Paper Comparing AI and Classical Computer Vision Methods","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404623304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0013027700003822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5220/0013027700003822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0013027700003822","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0013027700003822","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029956522","display_name":"In\u00eas C. M. Sim\u00f5es","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9701-9431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"In\u00eas Sim\u00f5es","raw_affiliation_strings":["FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal","INESC TEC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal","FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal, --- Select a Country ---","INESC TEC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal, --- Select a Country ---"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal, --- Select a Country ---","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal, --- Select a Country ---","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032499141","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Baltazar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4047-1395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Baltazar","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC TEC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal","INESC TEC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal, --- Select a Country ---"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal, --- Select a Country ---","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057871059","display_name":"Armando Sousa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0317-4714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armando Sousa","raw_affiliation_strings":["FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal","INESC TEC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal","INESC TEC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal, --- Select a Country ---","FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal, --- Select a Country ---"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal, --- Select a Country ---","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal, --- Select a Country ---","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050279632","display_name":"Filipe Neves dos Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8486-6113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125590","display_name":"Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers","ror":"https://ror.org/033wn8m60","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filipe Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC TEC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal","INESC TEC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal, --- Select a Country ---"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal, --- Select a Country ---","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2846,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63306126,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"300","last_page":"307"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9613000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9613000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6752718687057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-assessment","display_name":"Quality assessment","score":0.5369024276733398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5280939936637878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4987599849700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35513100028038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.16447466611862183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15043726563453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-methods","display_name":"Evaluation methods","score":0.12588152289390564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6752718687057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020001037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assessment","level":3,"score":0.5369024276733398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5280939936637878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4987599849700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35513100028038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.16447466611862183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15043726563453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018395757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379672","display_name":"Evaluation methods","level":2,"score":0.12588152289390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5220/0013027700003822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0013027700003822","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:3:p:261-:d:1576944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/3/261/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio-aberto.up.pt:10216/162521","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10216/162521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401935","display_name":"Open Repository of the University of Porto (University of Porto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","host_organization_name":"Universidade do Porto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},{"id":"doi:10.34626/8jjc-3y24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34626/8jjc-3y24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051329","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"thesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5220/0013027700003822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0013027700003822","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Precision":[0],"agriculture":[1],"seeks":[2],"to":[3,19,64,111],"optimize":[4],"crop":[5,21],"yields":[6],"while":[7],"minimizing":[8],"resource":[9],"use.":[10],"A":[11],"key":[12],"challenge":[13],"is":[14,29],"achieving":[15],"uniform":[16],"pesticide":[17],"spraying":[18],"prevent":[20],"damage":[22],"and":[23,82,89,98],"environmental":[24],"contamination.":[25],"Water-sensitive":[26],"paper":[27],"(WSP)":[28],"a":[30,50,60,104,164],"common":[31],"tool":[32,61],"used":[33],"for":[34,53,62],"assessing":[35],"spray":[36,66],"quality,":[37],"as":[38],"it":[39],"visually":[40],"registers":[41],"droplet":[42,135,179],"impacts":[43],"through":[44],"color":[45],"change.":[46],"This":[47],"work":[48],"introduces":[49],"smartphone-based":[51],"solution":[52],"capturing":[54],"WSP":[55,120],"images":[56],"within":[57,122],"vegetation,":[58,123],"offering":[59],"farmers":[63],"assess":[65],"quality":[67],"in":[68,152],"real-world":[69,96],"conditions.":[70],"To":[71],"achieve":[72],"this,":[73],"two":[74],"approaches":[75],"were":[76],"explored:":[77],"classical":[78,159],"computer":[79,160],"vision":[80,161],"techniques":[81,162],"machine":[83],"learning":[84],"(ML)":[85],"models":[86],"(YOLOv8,":[87],"Mask-RCNN,":[88],"Cellpose).":[90],"Addressing":[91],"the":[92,99,117,134,147,153],"challenges":[93],"of":[94,101,119,131,150,155],"limited":[95],"data":[97],"complexity":[100],"manual":[102],"annotation,":[103],"programmatically":[105],"generated":[106],"synthetic":[107],"dataset":[108],"was":[109],"employed":[110],"enable":[112],"sim-to-real":[113],"transfer":[114],"learning.":[115],"For":[116],"task":[118],"segmentation":[121],"YOLOv8":[124],"achieved":[125,146],"an":[126],"average":[127],"Intersection":[128],"over":[129],"Union":[130],"97.76%.":[132],"In":[133],"detection":[136,180],"task,":[137],"which":[138],"involves":[139],"identifying":[140],"individual":[141],"droplets":[142],"on":[143],"WSP,":[144],"Cellpose":[145],"highest":[148],"precision":[149],"96.18%,":[151],"presence":[154],"overlapping":[156],"droplets.":[157],"While":[158],"provided":[163],"reliable":[165],"baseline,":[166],"they":[167],"struggled":[168],"with":[169],"complex":[170],"cases.":[171],"Additionally,":[172],"ML":[173],"models,":[174],"particularly":[175],"Cellpose,":[176],"demonstrated":[177],"accurate":[178],"even":[181],"without":[182],"fine-tuning.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}