{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126391717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0010249702680274","title":"Seam Carving for Image Classification Privacy","display_name":"Seam Carving for Image Classification Privacy","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126391717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0010249702680274","mag":"3126391717"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5220/0010249702680274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0010249702680274","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0010249702680274","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002563560","display_name":"James Pope","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2656-363X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12970578","display_name":"University of North Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/0584fj407","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12970578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Pope","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama, U.S.A., --- Select a Country ---"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama, U.S.A., --- Select a Country ---","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12970578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014090794","display_name":"Mark Terwilliger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3678-081X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12970578","display_name":"University of North Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/0584fj407","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12970578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Terwilliger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama, U.S.A., --- Select a Country ---"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama, U.S.A., --- Select a Country ---","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12970578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12970578"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"268","last_page":"274"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.7821999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.7821999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.7390999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.6923999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6870518326759338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carving","display_name":"Carving","score":0.5992932319641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5139186382293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4570053815841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4001671075820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3838388919830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1031583845615387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6870518326759338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777370761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18448934","display_name":"Carving","level":2,"score":0.5992932319641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5139186382293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4570053815841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4001671075820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3838388919830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1031583845615387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5220/0010249702680274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0010249702680274","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/72bf0873-9b0b-419c-bbe2-c196f55c42a5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/72bf0873-9b0b-419c-bbe2-c196f55c42a5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pope, J & Terwilliger, M 2021, Seam carving for image classification privacy. in M De Marsico, G S di Baja & A Fred (eds), ICPRAM 2021 - Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods. vol. 1, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods, pp. 268-274. https://doi.org/10.5220/0010249702680274","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5220/0010249702680274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0010249702680274","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2079911747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,13,43,147],"advent":[1],"of":[2,175,199],"storing":[3,71],"images":[4,14,44,66,96,110,138],"on":[5,97],"cloud":[6,73,99],"platforms":[7,74],"has":[8],"introduced":[9],"serious":[10],"privacy":[11,158],"concerns.":[12],"are":[15,45],"routinely":[16],"scanned":[17],"by":[18,48],"machine":[19,49,123],"learning":[20,50,124],"algorithms":[21,125],"to":[22,72,90,93,142,156],"determine":[23],"the":[24,27,65,84,95,98,161,165,176,180,188],"contents.":[25],"Usually":[26],"scanning":[28],"is":[29],"for":[30,136,145,183,196],"marketing":[31],"purposes":[32,36],"but":[33,122],"more":[34],"malevolent":[35],"include":[37],"criminal":[38],"activity":[39],"and":[40,75],"government":[41],"surveillance.":[42],"automatically":[46],"analysed":[47],"algorithms.":[51],"Notably,":[52],"deep":[53],"convolutional":[54],"neural":[55],"networks":[56],"perform":[57],"very":[58],"well":[59],"at":[60],"identifying":[61],"image":[62,151,162],"classes.":[63],"Obviously,":[64],"could":[67],"be":[68,91,168],"encrypted":[69],"before":[70],"then":[76],"decrypted":[77],"after":[78],"downloading.":[79],"This":[80,101,127],"would":[81],"certainly":[82],"obfuscate":[83],"images.":[85],"However,":[86],"many":[87],"users":[88,108],"prefer":[89,109],"able":[92],"peruse":[94],"platform.":[100],"creates":[102],"a":[103,113,117,130,172,191],"difficult":[104],"problem":[105],"in":[106,112,154],"which":[107],"stored":[111],"way":[114],"so":[115],"that":[116],"human":[118],"can":[119,167],"understand":[120],"them":[121],"cannot.":[126],"paper":[128],"proposes":[129],"novel":[131],"technique,":[132],"termed":[133],"seam":[134,140,200],"doppelganger,":[135],"formatting":[137],"using":[139],"carving":[141],"identify":[143],"seams":[144],"replacement.":[146],"approach":[148,189],"degrades":[149,190],"typical":[150],"classification":[152],"performance":[153],"order":[155],"provide":[157],"while":[159],"leaving":[160],"human-understandable.":[163],"Furthermore,":[164],"technique":[166],"largely":[169],"reversed":[170],"providing":[171],"reasonable":[173],"facsimile":[174],"original":[177],"image.":[178],"Using":[179],"ImageNet":[181],"database":[182],"birds,":[184],"we":[185],"show":[186],"how":[187],"state-of-the-art":[192],"residual":[193],"network":[194],"(ResNet50)":[195],"various":[197],"amounts":[198],"replacements.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
