{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964341700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0007311402490256","title":"Subjective Annotations for Vision-based Attention Level Estimation","display_name":"Subjective Annotations for Vision-based Attention Level Estimation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964341700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0007311402490256","mag":"2964341700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5220/0007311402490256","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0007311402490256","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0007311402490256","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089774238","display_name":"Andrea Coifman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9929-981X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Coifman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University and Denmark, --- Select a Country ---"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University and Denmark, --- Select a Country ---","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086561229","display_name":"P\u00e9ter Rohoska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4679-4091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P\u00e9ter Rohoska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Denmark, Continental Automotive, Budapest and Hungary, --- Select a Country ---"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Denmark, Continental Automotive, Budapest and Hungary, --- Select a Country ---","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077620924","display_name":"Miklas S. Kristoffersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1409-2618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159307","display_name":"Bang & Olufsen (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/05ex5rg26","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miklas Kristoffersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Denmark, Bang & Olufsen A/S, Struer and Denmark, --- Select a Country ---"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Denmark, Bang & Olufsen A/S, Struer and Denmark, --- Select a Country ---","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159307","https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032477103","display_name":"Sven Ewan Shepstone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3171-4754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159307","display_name":"Bang & Olufsen (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/05ex5rg26","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159307"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Shepstone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bang & Olufsen A/S, Struer and Denmark, --- Select a Country ---"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bang & Olufsen A/S, Struer and Denmark, --- Select a Country ---","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090108098","display_name":"Zheng\u2010Hua Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6856-8928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng-Hua Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University and Denmark, --- Select a Country ---"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University and Denmark, --- Select a Country ---","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"249","last_page":"256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7023018002510071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5545519590377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5323182940483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.463382363319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06832918524742126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7023018002510071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5545519590377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5323182940483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.463382363319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06832918524742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5220/0007311402490256","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0007311402490256","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/8c4b40a9-8dba-4464-9d29-62dd3c786c91","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85068250714&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5220/0007311402490256","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0007311402490256","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Attention":[0],"level":[1,30,94,120,177],"estimation":[2],"systems":[3],"have":[4],"a":[5,27,45,72,96,109,138,160],"high":[6],"potential":[7],"in":[8,56,95],"many":[9],"use":[10,122],"cases,":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13,71],"human-robot":[14],"interaction,":[15],"driver":[16],"modeling":[17],"and":[18,39,121,134,153,156,175],"smart":[19],"home":[20],"systems,":[21],"since":[22],"being":[23],"able":[24],"to":[25,34,124,141],"measure":[26],"person\u2019s":[28],"attention":[29,50,70,93,119,132,143,176],"opens":[31],"the":[32,57,80,84,87,115],"possibility":[33],"natural":[35],"interaction":[36],"between":[37],"humans":[38],"computers.":[40],"The":[41,99,165],"topic":[42],"of":[43,49,59,63,86,89,101,118,171],"estimating":[44],"human\u2019s":[46],"visual":[47],"focus":[48],"has":[51],"been":[52],"actively":[53],"addressed":[54],"recently":[55],"field":[58,81],"HCI.":[60],"However,":[61],"most":[62],"these":[64],"previous":[65],"works":[66],"do":[67],"not":[68],"consider":[69],"subjective,":[73],"cognitive":[74],"attentive":[75],"state.":[76],"New":[77],"research":[78],"within":[79],"also":[82],"faces":[83],"problem":[85],"lack":[88],"annotated":[90],"datasets":[91],"regarding":[92],"certain":[97],"context.":[98],"novelty":[100],"our":[102],"work":[103],"is":[104],"two-fold:":[105],"First,":[106],"we":[107,136],"introduce":[108,137],"new":[110],"annotation":[111],"framework":[112,174],"that":[113],"tackles":[114],"subjective":[116],"nature":[117],"it":[123,158],"annotate":[125],"more":[126],"than":[127],"100,000":[128],"images":[129],"with":[130,159],"three":[131],"levels":[133],"second,":[135],"novel":[139],"method":[140],"estimate":[142],"levels,":[144],"relying":[145],"purely":[146],"on":[147],"extracted":[148],"geometric":[149],"features":[150],"from":[151],"RGB":[152],"depth":[154],"images,":[155],"evaluate":[157],"deep":[161],"learning":[162],"fusion":[163],"framework.":[164],"system":[166],"achieves":[167],"an":[168],"overall":[169],"accuracy":[170],"80.02%.":[172],"Our":[173],"annotations":[178],"are":[179],"made":[180],"publicly":[181],"available.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}