{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2408696926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005311604080415","title":"Real-time Human Age Estimation based on Facial Images using Uniform Local Binary Patterns","display_name":"Real-time Human Age Estimation based on Facial Images using Uniform Local Binary Patterns","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2408696926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005311604080415","mag":"2408696926"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5220/0005311604080415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005311604080415","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037820326","display_name":"Mohamed Selim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-5350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Selim","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and DFKI, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and DFKI, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042728439","display_name":"Shekhar Raheja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shekhar Raheja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051650277","display_name":"Didier Stricker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8794-6858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Didier Stricker","raw_affiliation_strings":["DFKI, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and DFKI, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DFKI, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and DFKI, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037820326"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21821715,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"408","last_page":"415"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9681000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.926800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.8522747755050659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7546122074127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.679842472076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.5793086290359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5759071707725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.48454299569129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4663469195365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.45893096923828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.455074667930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4413350820541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.25552380084991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.09030255675315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.06364840269088745}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.8522747755050659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7546122074127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.679842472076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.5793086290359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5759071707725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48454299569129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4663469195365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.45893096923828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.455074667930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4413350820541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.25552380084991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.09030255675315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06364840269088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5220/0005311604080415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005311604080415","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025094658","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2123941108","https://openalex.org/W2139916508","https://openalex.org/W2148681423","https://openalex.org/W2163626514","https://openalex.org/W2164034100","https://openalex.org/W2185198906","https://openalex.org/W2515097610","https://openalex.org/W2538606254","https://openalex.org/W3097096317"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055219403","https://openalex.org/W2791313072","https://openalex.org/W3166997759","https://openalex.org/W2794489335","https://openalex.org/W2080437822","https://openalex.org/W2153027217","https://openalex.org/W2855870609","https://openalex.org/W1589677080","https://openalex.org/W2770255720","https://openalex.org/W1509533962"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,28],"paper":[1],"summarizes":[2],"work":[3],"done":[4,42],"on":[5,11,18,102],"real-time":[6,74,179],"human":[7],"age-group":[8,142],"estimation":[9,40],"based":[10],"frontal":[12],"facial":[13,25,112,139,154],"images.":[14],"Our":[15],"approach":[16],"relies":[17],"detecting":[19],"visible":[20],"ageing":[21,117],"effects,":[22],"such":[23],"as":[24,165],"skin":[26],"texture.":[27],"information":[29],"is":[30,41,54,63,133],"described":[31],"using":[32,43,56,75],"uniform":[33,129,148],"Local":[34,130],"Binary":[35,131],"Patterns":[36,132],"(LBP)":[37],"and":[38,141],"the":[39,44,49,52,57,76,85,91,103,108,116,122,126,136,147,153,162,166,176],"K-Nearest":[45],"Neighbour":[46],"classifier.":[47],"In":[48,107],"current":[50],"work,":[51],"system":[53],"trained":[55],"FERET":[58],"dataset.":[59],"The":[60],"training":[61],"data":[62,80],"divided":[64],"into":[65,88],"five":[66,92],"main":[67],"age":[68,87,94],"groups.":[69,95],"Facial":[70],"images":[71],"captured":[72],"in":[73,121,135],"Microsoft":[77],"Kinect":[78],"RGB":[79],"are":[81,119],"used":[82,120],"to":[83,159],"classify":[84],"subjects":[86],"one":[89],"of":[90,98,128,138,152],"different":[93],"An":[96],"accuracy":[97],"81%":[99],"was":[100],"achieved":[101],"live":[104],"testing":[105],"data.":[106],"proposed":[109],"approach,":[110],"only":[111],"regions":[113],"affected":[114],"by":[115],"process":[118,164,177],"face":[123],"description.":[124],"Moreover,":[125],"use":[127],"evaluated":[134],"context":[137],"description":[140],"estimation.":[143],"Results":[144],"show":[145],"that":[146],"LBP":[149],"depicts":[150],"most":[151],"texture":[155],"information.":[156],"That":[157],"led":[158],"speeding":[160],"up":[161],"entire":[163],"feature":[167],"vector\u2019s":[168],"length":[169],"has":[170],"been":[171],"reduced":[172],"significantly,":[173],"which":[174],"optimises":[175],"for":[178],"applications.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}