{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1895732026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0004733701940202","title":"Automated Arteriole and Venule Recognition in Retinal Images using Ensemble Classification","display_name":"Automated Arteriole and Venule Recognition in Retinal Images using Ensemble Classification","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1895732026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0004733701940202","mag":"1895732026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5220/0004733701940202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0004733701940202","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0004733701940202","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017459474","display_name":"Muhammad Moazam Fraz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0495-463X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. M. Fraz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077337083","display_name":"Alicja R. Rudnicka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0369-8574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165862685","display_name":"St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/040f08y74","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I165862685"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. R. Rudincka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St. George's, University of London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St. George's, University of London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165862685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042801829","display_name":"Christopher G. Owen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1135-5977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165862685","display_name":"St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/040f08y74","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I165862685"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. G. Owen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St. George's, University of London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St. George's, University of London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165862685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023211986","display_name":"David P. Strachan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-1366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165862685","display_name":"St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/040f08y74","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I165862685"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. P. Strachan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St. George's, University of London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St. George's, University of London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165862685"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036785197","display_name":"Sarah Barman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5302-0169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. A. Barman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017459474"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8284,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83615722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"194","last_page":"202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12599","display_name":"Retinal and Optic Conditions","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/venule","display_name":"Venule","score":0.8512452244758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arteriole","display_name":"Arteriole","score":0.7696372866630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.6711012125015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5772156715393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5235966444015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41012951731681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3616742789745331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.1848336160182953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.15156340599060059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.11329713463783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcirculation","display_name":"Microcirculation","score":0.09070032835006714}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778672379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388209","display_name":"Venule","level":3,"score":0.8512452244758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779482390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501908","display_name":"Arteriole","level":3,"score":0.7696372866630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.6711012125015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5772156715393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5235966444015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41012951731681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3616742789745331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.1848336160182953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15156340599060059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.11329713463783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12722491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632335","display_name":"Microcirculation","level":2,"score":0.09070032835006714}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5220/0004733701940202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0004733701940202","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5220/0004733701940202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0004733701940202","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507487106","https://openalex.org/W1565009360","https://openalex.org/W1870853477","https://openalex.org/W1981921464","https://openalex.org/W1996611778","https://openalex.org/W2004862390","https://openalex.org/W2031156627","https://openalex.org/W2033723371","https://openalex.org/W2040118850","https://openalex.org/W2042988683","https://openalex.org/W2045227075","https://openalex.org/W2066975985","https://openalex.org/W2077265028","https://openalex.org/W2100756624","https://openalex.org/W2116628223","https://openalex.org/W2117935664","https://openalex.org/W2121913681","https://openalex.org/W2132519114","https://openalex.org/W2137055403","https://openalex.org/W2167917621"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133824489","https://openalex.org/W2076138394","https://openalex.org/W2016605100","https://openalex.org/W2392851315","https://openalex.org/W2885384232","https://openalex.org/W2410321844","https://openalex.org/W2094996803","https://openalex.org/W2076889190","https://openalex.org/W2119053456","https://openalex.org/W2048913629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,90,134,146],"shape":[1,33],"and":[2,17,34,38,75,100,108,191],"size":[3,35],"of":[4,28,36,54,72,85,115,188,193,202,210,215],"retinal":[5,197],"vessels":[6],"have":[7],"been":[8,125],"prospectively":[9],"associated":[10],"with":[11,18,46],"cardiovascular":[12,19,211],"outcomes":[13],"in":[14,21,166,172,196,204,213],"adult":[15,162],"life,":[16,23],"precursors":[20,48],"early":[22,216],"suggesting":[24],"life":[25],"course":[26],"patterning":[27],"vascular":[29,64],"development.":[30],"However,":[31],"the":[32,82,113,118,128,139,143,167],"arterioles":[37,74],"venules":[39],"may":[40,200],"show":[41],"similar":[42],"or":[43],"opposing":[44],"associations":[45],"disease":[47],"/":[49],"outcomes.":[50],"Hence":[51],"accurate":[52],"detection":[53,174],"vessel":[55,96,101,152],"type":[56],"is":[57,136,148],"important":[58],"when":[59],"considering":[60],"cardio-metabolic":[61],"influences":[62],"on":[63,78,150],"health.":[65],"This":[66,176],"paper":[67],"presents":[68],"an":[69,161,183],"automated":[70,184],"method":[71],"identifying":[73,205],"venules,":[76],"based":[77,94,98,103,121,164],"colour":[79,110,156],"features":[80,99,104],"using":[81],"ensemble":[83,122],"classifier":[84,91,123],"boot":[86],"strapped":[87],"decision":[88,119],"trees.":[89],"utilizes":[92],"pixel":[93],"features,":[95],"profile":[97],"segment":[102],"from":[105,154,160],"both":[106],"RGB":[107],"HIS":[109],"spaces.":[111],"To":[112],"best":[114],"our":[116],"knowledge,":[117],"trees":[120],"has":[124],"used":[126],"for":[127,131,186],"first":[129],"time":[130],"arteriole/venule":[132],"classification.":[133],"classification":[135],"performed":[137],"across":[138],"entire":[140],"image,":[141],"including":[142],"optic":[144],"disc.":[145],"methodology":[147,177],"evaluated":[149],"3149":[151],"segments":[153],"40":[155],"fundus":[157],"images":[158],"acquired":[159],"population":[163],"study":[165],"UK":[168],"(EPIC":[169],"Norfolk),":[170],"resulting":[171],"83%":[173],"rate.":[175],"can":[178],"be":[179,201],"further":[180],"developed":[181],"into":[182],"system":[185],"measurement":[187],"arterio-venous":[189,194],"ratio":[190],"quantification":[192],"nicking":[195],"images,":[198],"which":[199],"use":[203],"those":[206],"at":[207],"high":[208],"risk":[209],"events,":[212],"need":[214],"intervention.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}