{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2165408068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2947-2011","title":"Catchment classification by runoff behaviour with self-organizing maps (SOM)","display_name":"Catchment classification by runoff behaviour with self-organizing maps (SOM)","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2165408068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2947-2011","mag":"2165408068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/hess-15-2947-2011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2947-2011","pdf_url":"https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/15/2947/2011/hess-15-2947-2011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93121129","display_name":"Hydrology and earth system sciences","issn_l":"1027-5606","issn":["1027-5606","1607-7938"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/15/2947/2011/hess-15-2947-2011.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112818600","display_name":"Rita Ley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89864525","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Trier","ror":"https://ror.org/02778hg05","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Ley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trier, Forschungszentrum f\u00c3\u00bcr Regional- und Umweltstatistik, Trier, Germany","University of Trier, Forschungszentrum f\u00fcr Regional- und Umweltstatistik, Trier, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trier, Forschungszentrum f\u00c3\u00bcr Regional- und Umweltstatistik, Trier, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trier, Forschungszentrum f\u00fcr Regional- und Umweltstatistik, Trier, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086875847","display_name":"Markus Casper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1163-8988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89864525","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Trier","ror":"https://ror.org/02778hg05","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. C. Casper","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trier, Forschungszentrum f\u00c3\u00bcr Regional- und Umweltstatistik, Trier, Germany","University of Trier, Forschungszentrum f\u00fcr Regional- und Umweltstatistik, Trier, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trier, Forschungszentrum f\u00c3\u00bcr Regional- und Umweltstatistik, Trier, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trier, Forschungszentrum f\u00fcr Regional- und Umweltstatistik, Trier, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081877787","display_name":"H. Hellebrand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137932638","display_name":"Trier University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3hdx05","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137932638"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Hellebrand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydrosol, Technologie Zentrum Trier, Trier, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydrosol, Technologie Zentrum Trier, Trier, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137932638"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002561403","display_name":"Ralf Merz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3698-2339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137479271","display_name":"Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research","ror":"https://ror.org/000h6jb29","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I137479271"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Merz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Catchment Hydrology, Halle, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Catchment Hydrology, Halle, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137479271"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725},"fwci":7.7113,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":133,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96571586,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"9","first_page":"2947","last_page":"2962"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11490","display_name":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-runoff","display_name":"Surface runoff","score":0.8296711444854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regionalisation","display_name":"Regionalisation","score":0.7616936564445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6363076567649841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.6078368425369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streamflow","display_name":"Streamflow","score":0.5943553447723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drainage-basin","display_name":"Drainage basin","score":0.5731532573699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catchment-hydrology","display_name":"Catchment hydrology","score":0.4269470274448395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1768077313899994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16745716333389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.16182461380958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08543446660041809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.8296711444854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779670282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1299906","display_name":"Regionalisation","level":2,"score":0.7616936564445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6363076567649841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.6078368425369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53739315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29425295","display_name":"Streamflow","level":3,"score":0.5943553447723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.5731532573699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108352090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5051759","display_name":"Catchment hydrology","level":3,"score":0.4269470274448395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1768077313899994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16745716333389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.16182461380958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08543446660041809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5194/hess-15-2947-2011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2947-2011","pdf_url":"https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/15/2947/2011/hess-15-2947-2011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93121129","display_name":"Hydrology and earth system sciences","issn_l":"1027-5606","issn":["1027-5606","1607-7938"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:92c80f4236f441d18035ed528a12d36a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/92c80f4236f441d18035ed528a12d36a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 15, Iss 9, Pp 2947-2962 (2011)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/hess-15-2947-2011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2947-2011","pdf_url":"https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/15/2947/2011/hess-15-2947-2011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93121129","display_name":"Hydrology and earth system sciences","issn_l":"1027-5606","issn":["1027-5606","1607-7938"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318419","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Trier","ror":"https://ror.org/02778hg05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2165408068.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2165408068.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65738273","https://openalex.org/W1505850045","https://openalex.org/W1565377632","https://openalex.org/W1679913846","https://openalex.org/W1699485979","https://openalex.org/W1737716680","https://openalex.org/W1857439137","https://openalex.org/W1917154922","https://openalex.org/W1964267439","https://openalex.org/W1969819563","https://openalex.org/W1970482211","https://openalex.org/W1972101324","https://openalex.org/W1973634755","https://openalex.org/W1977226081","https://openalex.org/W1978331974","https://openalex.org/W1979495695","https://openalex.org/W2002830978","https://openalex.org/W2016952331","https://openalex.org/W2020611078","https://openalex.org/W2036606648","https://openalex.org/W2048069199","https://openalex.org/W2048240973","https://openalex.org/W2057385875","https://openalex.org/W2069142828","https://openalex.org/W2076929078","https://openalex.org/W2078483536","https://openalex.org/W2080663696","https://openalex.org/W2081142065","https://openalex.org/W2085672995","https://openalex.org/W2086776003","https://openalex.org/W2096075662","https://openalex.org/W2105851595","https://openalex.org/W2126240438","https://openalex.org/W2131222597","https://openalex.org/W2131495061","https://openalex.org/W2144724486","https://openalex.org/W2147938188","https://openalex.org/W2151967815","https://openalex.org/W2152936651","https://openalex.org/W2163722933","https://openalex.org/W2164375768","https://openalex.org/W2169744906","https://openalex.org/W2307023450","https://openalex.org/W2563346236","https://openalex.org/W3128632218","https://openalex.org/W4205930639","https://openalex.org/W4237489709","https://openalex.org/W4245176872","https://openalex.org/W6602692429","https://openalex.org/W6639163018"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127510738","https://openalex.org/W4214834714","https://openalex.org/W2945987242","https://openalex.org/W3144109107","https://openalex.org/W2157129509","https://openalex.org/W2364321065","https://openalex.org/W4321490153","https://openalex.org/W2796066574","https://openalex.org/W2118199751","https://openalex.org/W67637892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"Catchments":[1],"show":[2,214],"a":[3,77,158],"wide":[4],"range":[5],"of":[6,41,62,80,88,122,132,139,160,168,179,199,207,217,223,234],"response":[7,47,124,183,203],"behaviour,":[8],"even":[9],"if":[10],"they":[11],"are":[12,95],"adjacent.":[13],"For":[14],"many":[15],"purposes":[16],"it":[17],"is":[18,134,185],"necessary":[19],"to":[20,45,74,97,126,187],"characterise":[21,127],"and":[22,58,82,91,110,145,193],"classify":[23],"them,":[24],"e.g.":[25],"for":[26,69],"regionalisation,":[27],"prediction":[28],"in":[29,66],"ungauged":[30],"catchments,":[31],"model":[32],"parameterisation.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"study,":[36],"we":[37,114,164,196],"investigate":[38],"hydrological":[39],"similarity":[40,131],"catchments":[42,65,101,133,149,171,200,208,225],"with":[43,205],"respect":[44],"their":[46,140],"behaviour.":[48],"We":[49,142],"analyse":[50,144],"more":[51],"than":[52],"8200":[53],"event":[54],"runoff":[55,83,108],"coefficients":[56,90,109],"(ERCs)":[57],"flow":[59,92,111],"duration":[60,93,112],"curves":[61,94,113],"53":[63],"gauged":[64],"Rhineland-Palatinate,":[67],"Germany,":[68],"the":[70,107,161,231],"period":[71],"from":[72],"1993":[73],"2008,":[75],"covering":[76],"huge":[78],"variability":[79,87],"weather":[81],"conditions.":[84],"The":[85],"spatio-temporal":[86],"event-runoff":[89],"assumed":[96],"represent":[98],"how":[99],"different":[100],"\"transform\"":[102],"rainfall":[103],"into":[104],"runoff.":[105],"From":[106],"derive":[115],"12":[116],"signature":[117],"indices":[118],"describing":[119],"various":[120],"aspects":[121],"catchment":[123,182,211],"behaviour":[125,184,204],"each":[128,173],"catchment.":[129],"Hydrological":[130],"defined":[135],"by":[136,150,202],"high":[137],"similarities":[138],"indices.":[141],"identify,":[143],"describe":[146],"hydrologically":[147],"similar":[148],"cluster":[151,162,174],"analysis":[152,163],"using":[153,230],"Self-Organizing":[154],"Maps":[155],"(SOM).":[156],"As":[157,181],"result":[159],"get":[165],"five":[166],"clusters":[167,206],"similarly":[169],"behaving":[170],"where":[172],"represents":[175],"one":[176],"differentiated":[177],"class":[178],"catchments.":[180],"supposed":[186],"be":[188,228],"dependent":[189],"on":[190,210],"its":[191],"physiographic":[192],"climatic":[194],"characteristics,":[195],"compare":[197],"groups":[198],"clustered":[201,224],"based":[209],"properties.":[212],"Results":[213],"an":[215],"overlap":[216],"67%":[218],"between":[219],"these":[220],"two":[221],"pools":[222],"which":[226],"can":[227],"improved":[229],"topologic":[232],"correctness":[233],"SOMs.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-10T07:45:09.275182","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
